NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

GUILLERMINA R., 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

 v. 

KILOLO KIJAKAZI, Acting Commissioner 

of Social Security, 

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 20-56053 

D.C. No. 5:19-cv-02315-AFM 

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Central District of California

Alexander F. MacKinnon, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted November 16, 2021

Pasadena, California

Before: BERZON and RAWLINSON, Circuit Judges, and ANTOON,** District 

Judge.

Claimant Guillermina R. appeals the district court’s order affirming the 

Commissioner of Social Security’s denial of her application for disability 

insurance benefits. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 42 U.S.C. 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The Honorable John Antoon II, United States District Judge for the 

Middle District of Florida, sitting by designation.

FILED

DEC 27 2021

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 

§ 405(g). Our review of the district court’s decision is de novo, and “[w]e will ‘set 

aside a denial of benefits only if it is not supported by substantial evidence or is 

based on legal error.’” Berry v. Astrue, 622 F.3d 1228, 1231 (9th Cir. 2010)

(quoting Bray v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 554 F.3d 1219, 1222 (9th Cir. 

2009)). We affirm. 

1. Substantial evidence supports the administrative law judge’s (ALJ)1

formulation of Claimant’s residual functional capacity (RFC). The RFC is

consistent with Claimant’s contention that she is limited to standing and walking 

for 6 hours in an 8-hour workday. Although the RFC does not specify a 6-hour 

limitation in so many words, the RFC explains that Claimant can “perform light 

work as defined in 20 [C.F.R. §] 404.1567(b),” with certain noted limitations. 

“Light work” has a well-established meaning in disability law. Cf. Terry v. 

Saul, 998 F.3d 1010, 1013 (9th Cir. 2021) (discussing “medium work,” which is

similarly defined). The regulation cited by the ALJ describes “light work” as 

“requir[ing] a good deal of walking or standing.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1567(b). A

Social Security ruling further explains: “[T]he full range of light work requires 

standing or walking, off and on, for a total of approximately 6 hours of an 8-hour 

workday. Sitting may occur intermittently during the remaining time.” SSR 83-

1 Because the Appeals Council denied Claimant’s request for review, the 

decision of the ALJ became the agency’s final decision. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(h).
3 

10, 1983 WL 31251, at *6 (Jan. 1, 1983). Claimant acknowledges and urges that 

she is limited to 6 hours of standing and walking during an 8-hour workday, and to 

the extent she asserts that “light work” necessarily requires more than 6 hours of 

standing and walking, her position is inconsistent with longstanding precedent

regarding Social Security Ruling 83-10. See, e.g., Terry, 998 F.3d at 1014 n.1 

(“[T]his court has cited [Social Security Ruling 83-10]’s definitions with approval 

on multiple occasions.”).

2. The ALJ properly relied on the vocational expert’s response to a 

hypothetical question even though that question did not expressly include a 

walking and standing limitation. The ALJ asked the expert to assume a capability 

to “perform light work” along with the limitations that the ALJ ultimately specified 

in the RFC. Again, “light work” has a well-established meaning, and “the expert 

here would have understood the ALJ’s question to imply” a 6-hour standing and 

walking limitation,

2 Terry, 998 F.3d at 1014. Thus, “the ALJ’s reference to the 

term in h[er] questioning of the expert sufficiently conveyed” the limitation. Id. at 

1013.

AFFIRMED.

2 Although 20 C.F.R. § 404.1567(b) alternatively describes “light work” as 

“involv[ing] sitting most of the time with some pushing and pulling of arm or leg 

controls,” during oral argument Claimant disclaimed reliance on the presence of 

this alternative in urging reversal.