United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

Soil Survey of

Hubbard County,

Minnesota

In cooperation with

Minnesota Agricultural

Experiment Station

Part I
3

This survey is divided into three parts. Part I includes general information about the

survey area; descriptions of the general soil map units, detailed soil map units, and soil

series in the area; and a description of how the soils formed. Part II describes the use

and management of the soils and the major soil properties. This part may be updated

as further information about soil management becomes available. Part III includes the

maps.

On the general soil map, the survey area is divided into groups of associated soils

called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management

of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify

the name of the map units in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the

section General Soil Map Units in Part I of this survey for a general description of the

soils in your area.

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small

areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map

Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet, and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in

that area. Turn to the Contents in Part I of this survey, which lists the map units and

shows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents in Part II shows which table has data on a specific land use for each

detailed soil map unit. Also, see the Contents in Part I and Part II for other sections of

this publication that may address your specific needs.

How to Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web. The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov (click on “Technical Resources”).

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1994. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1998. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1994. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Minnesota

Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the

Hubbard County Soil and Water Conservation District. Other assistance was provided

by the Agricultural Extension Service, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources,

and the Board of Water and Soil Resources. The survey was partially funded by the

Legislative Commission for Minnesota Resources and by Hubbard County.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: Top left—Natural and scenic areas draw many visitors to the Hubbard County area. Top

right—Red pine plantations are common in areas of soils that formed in sandy and gravelly

outwash. Bottom left—Irrigated cropland is a major land use on outwash soils in southern Hubbard

County. Bottom right—Forest products management is an important industry throughout most of

Hubbard County.
5

Contents

How to Use This Soil Survey .................................. 3

Foreword ................................................................. 9

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 11

General Nature of the Survey Area......................... 12

History................................................................ 12

Industry .............................................................. 13

Physiography and Relief ..................................... 13

Drainage............................................................. 14

Climate ............................................................... 15

Water Supply ...................................................... 16

Geologic History ................................................. 16

Tables:

Temperature and Precipitation ....................... 18

Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ..................... 19

Growing Season ............................................ 19

General Soil Map Units ........................................ 21

1. Sol-Nary Association ................................. 21

2. Snellman-Lengby-Zerkel Association ......... 21

3. Rockwood-Blowers-Redeye, Morainic,

Association ........................................... 22

4. Nebish-Beltrami-Braham Association ......... 23

5. Rockwood-Blowers Association ................. 23

6. Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville

Association ........................................... 23

7. Sol-Sugarbush Association ........................ 24

8. Graycalm-Menahga Association ................ 24

9. Two Inlets-Sugarbush-Graycalm

Association ........................................... 25

10. Sanburn-Graycalm Association.................. 26

11. Verndale-Dorset Association...................... 26

12. Seelyeville-Nidaros-Meehan

Association ........................................... 27

Formation and Classification of the Soils .......... 29

Tables:

Classification of the Soils ............................... 32

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the

Soils ...................................................... 33

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units.............. 35

Akeley Series ..................................................... 36

831C—Akeley-Debs complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes ............................................. 37

831E—Akeley-Debs complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes ............................................. 37

Baudette Series .................................................. 38

167A—Baudette silt loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 39

Becida Series ..................................................... 39

488—Becida fine sandy loam, morainic, 0 to

2 percent slopes, stony ................................ 40

Beltrami Series ................................................... 41

1447—Beltrami very fine sandy loam, 1 to 3

percent slopes ............................................. 43

Blomford Series .................................................. 43

170—Blomford loamy fine sand, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 44

Blowers Series ................................................... 44

1320B—Blowers sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent

slopes, stony ................................................ 45

1336—Blowers fine sandy loam, morainic, 1

to 3 percent slopes, stony ............................ 46

Bootlake Series .................................................. 46

1127A—Bootlake-Graycalm complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 47

1127B—Bootlake-Graycalm complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes ............................................. 47

Bowstring Series ................................................ 48

Braham Series ................................................... 49

1438B—Braham loamy fine sand, moderately

wet, 2 to 6 percent slopes ............................ 49

Cathro Series ..................................................... 50

1439—Cathro muck, depressional, MAP

22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes ........................ 50

Corliss Series ..................................................... 51

1247D—Corliss-Dorset complex, 12 to 20

percent slopes ............................................. 52

Dalbo Series....................................................... 52

133B—Dalbo silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ..... 53

133C—Dalbo silt loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes .......................................................... 53

Debs Series ....................................................... 54

744B—Debs-Akeley complex, 1 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 54

Dorset Series ..................................................... 55

406A—Dorset sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 56

778B—Dorset-Corliss complex, 1 to 6

percent slopes ............................................. 56
6

778C—Dorset-Corliss complex, 6 to 12

percent slopes ............................................. 57

Duelm Series...................................................... 57

260—Duelm loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 58

Eagleview Series ................................................ 58

Egglake Series ................................................... 59

1200—Egglake loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....... 60

Evart Series ....................................................... 60

1968—Evart loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded..................................... 61

1969—Evart-Isan complex, channeled, 0 to

1 percent slopes, frequently flooded ............ 62

Graycalm Series ................................................. 62

867B—Graycalm-Menahga complex, 1 to 8

percent slopes ............................................. 63

867C—Graycalm-Menahga complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes ............................................. 63

867E—Graycalm-Menahga complex, 15 to

30 percent slopes ........................................ 64

867F—Graycalm-Menahga complex, 30 to

45 percent slopes ........................................ 65

1021C—Graycalm-Sanburn complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes ............................................. 65

1249C—Graycalm-Bootlake complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes ............................................. 66

Haslie Series ...................................................... 66

746—Haslie muck, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes ............................................. 67

1113—Haslie, Seelyeville, and Cathro soils,

ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...................... 67

1230—Haslie and Nidaros soils, ponded, 0 to

1 percent slopes .......................................... 68

Huntersville Series ............................................. 69

139B—Huntersville loamy fine sand, 1 to 6

percent slopes ............................................. 70

1334—Huntersville loamy sand, 1 to 3

percent slopes ............................................. 71

Isan Series ......................................................... 71

261—Isan loamy sand, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes ............................................. 72

Lengby Series .................................................... 72

709B—Lengby fine sandy loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes ............................................. 73

709C—Lengby fine sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes ............................................. 74

Lupton Series ..................................................... 74

Markey Series .................................................... 75

1445—Markey muck, depressional, MAP

22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes ........................ 75

Meehan Series ................................................... 76

202—Meehan loamy sand, MAP 22-30, 0 to

3 percent slopes .......................................... 76

Menahga Series ................................................. 77

Mooselake Series ............................................... 77

797—Mooselake and Lupton soils, 0 to 1

percent slopes ............................................. 78

Nary Series ........................................................ 78

1294—Nary fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 79

Nebish Series ..................................................... 80

1460B—Nebish very fine sandy loam,

moderately wet, 2 to 6 percent slopes.......... 81

1460C—Nebish very fine sandy loam, 6 to

12 percent slopes ........................................ 81

Nidaros Series.................................................... 81

1111—Nidaros muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

frequently flooded ........................................ 82

1136—Nidaros muck, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes ............................................. 82

Nymore Series ................................................... 83

207B—Nymore loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 83

207C—Nymore loamy sand, 6 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 84

207D—Nymore loamy sand, 12 to 20 percent

slopes .......................................................... 84

1248C—Nymore-Verndale complex, 6 to 12

percent slopes ............................................. 85

Paddock Series .................................................. 85

1321—Paddock-Becida complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes, stony ................................... 86

1030—Pits, gravel-Udipsamments complex ....... 87

Potatolake Series ............................................... 87

820B—Potatolake very fine sandy loam, 1 to

8 percent slopes .......................................... 88

820C—Potatolake very fine sandy loam, 8 to

15 percent slopes ........................................ 89
7

Redeye Series .................................................... 89

82B—Redeye loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 90

82C—Redeye loamy sand, 6 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 90

1440B—Redeye loamy sand, morainic, 3 to 8

percent slopes ............................................. 91

1440C—Redeye loamy sand, morainic, 8 to

15 percent slopes ........................................ 91

Rifle Series ......................................................... 92

541—Rifle mucky peat, depressional, MAP

22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes ........................ 92

Rockwood Series ............................................... 92

1319B—Rockwood sandy loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes, stony ................................... 93

1319C—Rockwood sandy loam, 6 to 12

percent slopes, stony ................................... 94

1319D—Rockwood sandy loam, 12 to 20

percent slopes, stony ................................... 94

1332B—Rockwood fine sandy loam,

morainic, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony .......... 94

1332C—Rockwood fine sandy loam,

morainic, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony ........ 95

1332E—Rockwood fine sandy loam,

morainic, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony ...... 95

1421B—Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic,

complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony .......... 96

1421C—Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic,

complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony ........ 96

1421E—Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic,

complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony ...... 97

Rondeau Series ................................................. 97

545—Rondeau muck, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes ............................................. 98

719B—Rondeau muck (seepland), 1 to 6

percent slopes ............................................. 98

Roscommon Series ............................................ 99

1271—Roscommon mucky loamy sand,

depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent

slopes .......................................................... 99

1943—Roscommon loamy sand, MAP

22-30, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...................... 100

Runeberg Series .............................................. 100

701—Runeberg mucky loam, depressional,

0 to 1 percent slopes.................................. 101

Sanburn Series ................................................ 101

731A—Sanburn loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent

slopes ........................................................ 102

844B—Sanburn-Graycalm complex, 3 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 102

1450B—Sanburn very stony loamy sand, 1

to 8 percent slopes, bouldery ..................... 103

1450C—Sanburn very stony loamy sand, 8

to 15 percent slopes, bouldery ................... 103

1450E—Sanburn very stony loamy sand, 15

to 30 percent slopes, bouldery ................... 104

Seelyeville Series ............................................. 104

540—Seelyeville muck, depressional, MAP

22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...................... 105

799—Seelyeville and Bowstring soils, 0 to 1

percent slopes, frequently flooded ............. 105

Snellman Series ............................................... 106

267B—Snellman sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 107

Sol Series ......................................................... 107

1244B—Sol-Sugarbush complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 108

1244C—Sol-Sugarbush complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 108

1244E—Sol-Sugarbush complex, 15 to 30

percent slopes, very stony ......................... 109

1272B—Sol fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes ........................................................ 110

Spooner Series ................................................ 110

147—Spooner silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 111

Staples Series .................................................. 111

1956—Staples loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 112

Steamboat Series ............................................. 113

526C—Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville

complex, pitted, 0 to 15 percent slopes ...... 113

526E—Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville

complex, pitted, 0 to 35 percent slopes ...... 114

574G—Steamboat-Two Inlets complex,

pitted, 35 to 65 percent slopes ................... 115

Sugarbush Series ............................................. 115

775B—Sugarbush-Two Inlets complex, 1 to

8 percent slopes ........................................ 116
8

775C—Sugarbush-Two Inlets complex, 8 to

15 percent slopes ...................................... 117

Talmoon Series ................................................ 117

346—Talmoon loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes....... 118

628—Talmoon muck, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes ........................................... 119

Two Inlets Series .............................................. 119

675C—Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat

complex, pitted, 3 to 15 percent slopes ...... 120

675E—Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat

complex, pitted, 15 to 35 percent slopes .... 120

675G—Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat

complex, pitted, 35 to 65 percent slopes .... 121

1238E—Two Inlets-Sugarbush complex, 15

to 30 percent slopes .................................. 122

1238F—Two Inlets-Sugarbush complex, 30

to 45 percent slopes .................................. 122

1015—Udipsamments (cut and fill land) ........... 123

1016—Udorthents, loamy (cut and fill land) ...... 123

1027—Udorthents, wet substratum (fill land) .... 123

Verndale Series ................................................ 124

567A—Verndale sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes ........................................................ 124

1126B—Verndale-Nymore complex, 1 to 6

percent slopes ........................................... 125

W—Water ......................................................... 125

1356—Water, miscellaneous ............................ 125

Willosippi Series ............................................... 126

672—Willosippi loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 127

Wurtsmith Series .............................................. 127

1444—Wurtsmith loamy sand, MAP 22-30,

0 to 3 percent slopes.................................. 128

Zerkel Series .................................................... 128

1164—Zerkel loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes ........ 129

Zimmerman Series ........................................... 129

158B—Zimmerman loamy fine sand, 1 to 6

percent slopes ........................................... 130

158C—Zimmerman loamy fine sand, 6 to 12

percent slopes ........................................... 131

References .......................................................... 133

Glossary .............................................................. 135

Issued 2000
9

This soil survey contains information that can be used in land-planning programs in

Hubbard County, Minnesota. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land

uses. The survey also highlights limitations and hazards inherent in the soil,

improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land

uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each

soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.

Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and

additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

William Hunt

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword
11

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of the

slopes; the general pattern of drainage; and the kinds

of crops and native plants. They dug many holes to

study the soil profile, which is the sequence of natural

layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from

the surface down into the unconsolidated material in

which the soil formed. The unconsolidated material is

devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not

been changed by other biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

or segment of the landscape. By observing the soils

and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and

relating their position to specific segments of the

landscape, soil scientists develop a concept, or model,

of how the soils were formed. Thus, during mapping,

this model enables the soil scientists to predict with a

considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or

miscellaneous area at a specific location on the

landscape.

Individual soils on the landscape commonly merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate map, however, soil

scientists must determine the boundaries between the

soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil

profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

soil reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification

used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind

and character of soil properties and the arrangement

of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data

based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

Soil Survey of

Hubbard County, Minnesota

By Thomas W. Neuenfeldt, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by Rod G. Kyar, Thomas W. Neuenfeldt, and Michael J. Walczynski,

Natural Resources Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with

the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station
12 Soil Survey of

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map

unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating

boundaries accurately.

The descriptions, names, and delineations of the

soils in this survey area do not fully agree with those

of the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences are

the result of a better knowledge of soils, modifications

in series concepts, or variations in the intensity of

mapping or in the extent of the soils in the survey

areas.

Hubbard County is in north-central Minnesota

(fig. 1). It has a total area of about 1,000 square miles,

or 640,000 acres. Park Rapids, the county seat, is in

the southwestern part of the county. The population of

Hubbard County in 1990 was 14,939.

The agricultural enterprises in the county are

specialty crops, such as potatoes and beans; hay

production; and livestock. Forest management also is

an important enterprise. Pulpwood, Christmas trees,

and saw logs are the main products. Itasca State Park,

Paul Bunyan State Forest, and other public lands draw

tourists to the region. The large number of lakes in the

county offer a variety of recreational opportunities.

This soil survey updates the survey of Hubbard

County published in 1935 (McMiller and others, 1935).

It provides additional information and has larger maps,

which show the soils in greater detail.

Soil scientists were denied access to a few tracts in

the county. These areas were mapped using

knowledge of the surrounding areas, older soil maps,

and aerial photographs. The descriptions of soils in

these areas may be less accurate than those in areas

where soil scientists had access to the land and could

carefully examine the soils.

General Nature of the Survey Area

This section gives general information about

Hubbard County. It describes history, industry,

physiography and relief, drainage, climate, water

supply, and geologic history.

History

Early records indicate that the Dakota (Sioux) were

established in the survey area. When the Chippewa

came from the east, they drove the Sioux farther west.

The Chippewa (Pillager and Lake Winnibigoshish

bands) inhabited areas around Leech Lake, Cass

Lake, and Lake Winnibigoshish. The area now known

as Hubbard County was the scene of territorial fights

Figure 1.—Location of Hubbard County in Minnesota.

✪ST. PAUL
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 13

between the Sioux and Chippewa tribes. These battles

continued until 1855, when the Chippewa ceded land

rights.

Henry Rowe Schoolcraft and guide Oza Windib

(Yellow Head) traveled up the Mississippi River in

search of the headwaters. In 1832, they identified the

source as Lake Itasca. Soon thereafter, more pioneers

traveled through the area, attracted by the timber, pure

water, abundant wild game, and fertile lands. During

the 1860’s and 1870’s, the lumber industry was

established in Hubbard County. One of the first lumber

camps was established around Palmer Lake in 1879.

Settlers arrived in 1879, traveling north from the

train stop at Verndale. They came to pursue farming

interests in the Shell Prairie area (Hubbard and Park

Rapids). Wheat was the first major crop harvested. It

was harvested continuously until the productivity of the

soils was reduced. Later, better soil management

practices, such as crop rotations, were used.

Park Rapids, which later became the county seat,

was named by Frank Rice on July 4, 1881, for the

park-like groves and the rapids in the Fishhook River.

The county was named in honor of Lucius Hubbard,

governor of Minnesota from 1882 to 1887.

The first train to Park Rapids arrived in 1891,

making the connection between Eagle Bend and Park

Rapids complete. The railroad was a vital asset to the

early resort owners.

Hubbard County consists of 28 townships.

Incorporated cities in the county are Akeley, Lake

George, LaPorte, Nevis, and Park Rapids.

Unincorporated communities include Arago, Becida,

Benedict, Dorset, Emmaville, Guthrie, Hubbard,

Kabekona, Nary, Rosby, and Yola. The population of

the county in 1990 was 14,939. There are a

substantial number of seasonal residents. Besides

tourism, the economy is based on agriculture, logging,

and light manufacturing.

Industry

Farming in the county dates back to 1879, when

wheat and oats were grown around the village of

Hubbard. Early settlement and agriculture were

concentrated in the southern part of the county. The

sandy prairie-influenced soils in this region were

converted to cropland with comparatively little work. In

1890, the Federal census showed 194 farms with

about 17,000 acres under cultivation; wheat and oats

were the major crops. In 1991, about 16 percent of the

county was cropland and corn, edible beans, potatoes,

small cereal grains, and alfalfa hay were the main

crops (fig. 2). Beef cattle, sheep, swine, poultry, and

dairy cattle are the major livestock operations.

Irrigation systems were introduced into the county

around 1963. About 17,000 acres of cropland was

under irrigation in 1992. The number of irrigated fields

in the county is expected to increase.

About two-thirds of the county is forested (fig. 3).

The majority of the woodland is privately owned. About

39 percent of the forest land is publicly administered.

The State of Minnesota administers about 15 percent

of the forested acreage.

Major softwood forest types, such as jack pine and

red pine, cover about 17 percent of the commercial

forest land. The dominant hardwood forest types,

aspen and birch, cover about 57 percent of the

commercial forest acres. Other forest types are maplebasswood, oaks, black spruce, and tamarack.

Markets for pulp, poles, and saw logs are in the

Park Rapids, Bemidji, Cass Lake, Osage, and

Menahga areas. An estimated 71,000 cords of wood

was harvested in 1991. The Potlatch Corporation mill

in the northeast corner of the county processed about

1 million cords of wood in 1991. Christmas tree

plantations also contribute to the industry in the

county.

Physiography and Relief

Nearly all of the landforms and parent materials in

Hubbard County are related to the Wadena Lobe of

Late Wisconsin glaciation. Hubbard County can be

divided into four distinct geomorphic areas (fig. 4).

These are the Guthrie Till Plain Area, the Itasca

Moraine Area, the Park Rapids Sand Plain Area, and

the Wadena Drumlin Area (Hobbs and Goebel, 1982).

The Guthrie Till Plain Area is a ground moraine

feature in the northern third of the county. The Wadena

Lobe glacial till materials in this area are dominantly

sandy loam. Some areas in the northeastern part of

the county have Des Moines Lobe materials deposited

on top of the Wadena Lobe till. Des Moines Lobe till

typically has loam and clay loam textures and contains

a higher percentage of shale fragments than the

Wadena Lobe material. The ground moraine is

dissected by glacial meltwater drainageways. Slopes

are smooth and are short or moderately long. Local

relief varies from a few feet in the flats to more than 90

feet along major drainageways.

The Itasca Moraine Area runs from east to west

across the central part of the county. This end moraine

and disintegration moraine complex is a deposit of the

Wadena Lobe. Materials are typically sandy loam

glacial till and include significant deposits of sand and

gravel. Slopes are complex and moderately steep to

very steep. Local relief ranges from 30 feet in small

swales to more than 100 feet between hilltops and
14 Soil Survey of

small marshes. Closed depressions are common. The

Itasca Moraine makes up about a third of the county.

The Park Rapids Sand Plain Area in the southern

third of the county can be further divided into two

distinct areas. The more undulating and rolling

outwash plain in the lake region north of Park Rapids

has smooth to complex slopes that are short or

moderately long. Local relief ranges from a few feet

between marshes and lakes to more than 100 feet

from hilltops to lakeshore. Lake chains are common,

and drainage runs generally toward the south. The

outwash plain south of Park Rapids is nearly level to

gently undulating. Slopes are smooth and are short to

long. Local relief generally is less than 10 feet, but it

ranges up to 40 feet along drainage channels. Closed

depressions are common in this outwash area.

The Wadena Drumlin Area is mostly in Straight

River Township. The drumlins were formed by the

Wadena Lobe and consist of sandy loam till. Most of

the drumlins are buried by outwash deposits carried

by meltwaters of the Itasca Moraine. Relief is typically

undulating to rolling. Slopes are smooth and are short

to long.

The range of relief is quite variable in the county.

The highest elevation, about 1,840 feet above sea

level, is in the northwest quarter of section 9 in Thorpe

Township. The lowest elevation is about 1,300 feet and

occurs at several locations along the county line in

Lakeport and Hart Lake Townships.

Drainage

The Mississippi River eventually receives all

drainage waters from the county. The northern half of

the county drains to the north and east. Major

drainageways are the Schoolcraft River, the

Mississippi River, Hennepin Creek, the Necktie River,

and the Kabekona River. The southern half of the

county drains to the south through the Crow Wing

River and its tributaries. Major tributaries are the

Straight River, the Shell River, and the Fishhook

River.

Figure 2.—The production of small grain crops and hay is common in northern Hubbard County.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 15

Climate

The three tables at the end of this section

(“Temperature and Precipitation,” “Freeze Dates in

Spring and Fall,” and “Growing Season”) give climate

data for the survey area as recorded at Park Rapids in

the period 1961 to 1990.

In winter, the average temperature is 9.3 degrees F

and the average daily minimum temperature is -1.7

degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which

occurred at Park Rapids on February 2, 1996, was -51

degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 66.4

degrees and the average daily maximum temperature

is 79.1 degrees. The highest temperature, which

occurred at Park Rapids on August 18, 1976, was 101

degrees.

Growing degree days are equivalent to “heat units.”

During the month, growing degree days accumulate by

the amount that the average temperature each day

exceeds a base temperature (40 degrees F). The

normal monthly accumulation is used to schedule

single or successive plantings of a crop between the

last freeze in spring and the first freeze in fall.

The average annual total precipitation is 26.33

inches. Of this, 17.34 inches, or about 66 percent,

usually falls in May through September. The growing

season for most crops falls within this period. The

heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of record was

6.08 inches at Park Rapids on July 18, 1985.

Thunderstorms occur on about 33 days each year,

and most occur between June and August.

The average seasonal snowfall is 52.1 inches. The

greatest snow depth at any one time during the period

of record was 41 inches recorded on February 1,

1969. On the average, 123 days per year have at least

1 inch of snow on the ground. The heaviest 1-day

snowfall on record was 14.0 inches recorded on

March 4, 1985.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 60 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 83 percent. The sun shines

65 percent of the time possible in summer and 48

Figure 3.—Most of the survey area is wooded. Jack pine is a typical species in areas of sandy outwash.
16 Soil Survey of

percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the

northwest from December to May and from the south

the rest of the year. Average windspeed is highest,

around 11 miles per hour, from March to May.

Water Supply

Ground water is the major source of drinking water

in the county. It is drawn from aquifers, which are

saturated layers of sand and/or gravel. The quantity

and quality of water drawn vary, depending on the

characteristics of each aquifer.

The parent material in northern Hubbard County is

mainly glacial till. Aquifers in glacial till occur in random

patterns and variable thicknesses. Wells tapped in

glacial till must find a viable aquifer in order to produce

a significant amount of water. Wells in this part of the

county are commonly deeper than in areas of glacial

outwash.

Southern Hubbard County is mainly glacial

outwash. Wells tapped in these aquifers are generally

less than 80 feet deep. Some confined aquifers can

occur, commonly confined by clay or silt layers.

Ground water in this part of the county is more

susceptible to contamination caused by the sand and

gravel parent material and the close proximity to the

surface. Well water throughout the county is quite hard

because of dissolved minerals. Soluble iron also is

common.

Geologic History

Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks form

the lowermost geologic unit in Hubbard County. The

depth to these rocks ranges from 200 to more than

400 feet. According to well-drilling logs, Cretaceous

sedimentary rocks appear to overlie the Precambrian

bedrock in some parts of the county.

Glacial drift of Wisconsin Age forms the uppermost

geologic unit in Hubbard County. Most of the soil

Figure 4.—Pattern of soils and parent material of some of the associations in Hubbard County related to the major geomorphic

areas.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 17

materials and landscapes are the result of the

advance, retreat, and wasting of the Wadena Lobe. An

area in the northeastern part of the county is covered

by drift from the Des Moines Lobe.

The Wadena Lobe advanced from a northerly

direction, crossing the Winnipeg lowlands in southern

Manitoba where it incorporated limestone rocks and

deposited loamy materials rich in carbonates

(Wright, 1962). Its earliest advance built the Alexandria

Moraine west of Hubbard County and the Wadena

Drumlin Field. The Wadena Lobe then retreated

northward but readvanced to form the Itasca Moraine

about 20,000 years ago (Wright, 1972). The glacial till

materials in the northern third of the county were

compacted by the moving ice sheet of the Wadena

Lobe. This glacial till deposit exhibits properties

affecting root penetration and water infiltration similar

to those of the dense till materials in the Wadena

Drumlin Field.

The most recent glacial advance was that of the

Des Moines Lobe. This lobe crossed Manitoba,

incorporating limestone rocks, and followed the Red

River Valley where it picked up shale-rich materials

derived from Cretaceous rocks (Sackreiter, 1975). This

finer textured material partially buried the earlier

Wadena Lobe till in the northeastern part of the

county.

Postglacial events have also contributed to the form

of the landscape of Hubbard County. Most of the

sandy and gravelly materials were deposited by

meltwaters from the Wadena Lobe. Stratification of the

outwash is common and is related to the relative

velocity of the water.

Meltwaters from the St. Croix Moraine in Cass

County deposited reddish brown, noncalcareous

outwash in the southeastern part of Hubbard County.

These outwash materials buried the older Itasca

Moraine deposits.

Lacustrine deposits around Akeley indicate the

presence of a short-lived glacial lake. Areas of

lacustrine materials are also in the Itasca moraine.

These are believed to be deposits from small icewalled lakes.

The most recent deposits are nonglacial in origin

and consist of alluvium deposited on flood plains and

limnic or organic sediments in lakes and depressions.

The organic deposits probably began to accumulate

in depressional areas about 4,000 years ago

(Norton, 1982).
18 Soil Survey of

Temperature and Precipitation

 (Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Park Rapids, Minnesota)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | | | will have-- | | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | | Average |Average| | | Average |Average

 | daily | daily | | Maximum | Minimum |number of| | Less | More |number of|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| growing | |than--|than--|days with|

 | | | | higher | lower | degree | | | |0.10 inch|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | days* | | | | or more | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | o _ _ _ _ _ _____ __ __ | __ | | __ F | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 16.4 | -6.2 | 5.1 | 43 | -39 | 0 | 0.67 | 0.22| 1.03| 2 | 11.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 February---| 24.0 | -0.2 | 11.9 | 49 | -36 | 0 | .51 | .20| .76| 1 | 6.7

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 March------| 36.9 | 14.5 | 25.7 | 63 | -23 | 14 | 1.25 | .68| 1.74| 3 | 12.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 April------| 54.0 | 29.2 | 41.6 | 83 | 4 | 142 | 2.37 | 1.09| 3.47| 5 | 5.5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 May--------| 68.0 | 41.4 | 54.7 | 89 | 21 | 460 | 2.65 | 1.23| 3.88| 6 | .2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 June-------| 76.5 | 51.1 | 63.8 | 92 | 34 | 713 | 4.27 | 2.44| 5.90| 8 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 July-------| 81.7 | 56.3 | 69.0 | 97 | 39 | 900 | 3.75 | 1.52| 5.63| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 August-----| 79.3 | 53.8 | 66.5 | 96 | 35 | 823 | 3.75 | 1.57| 5.60| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 September--| 68.2 | 44.3 | 56.2 | 90 | 23 | 489 | 2.92 | 1.34| 4.27| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 October----| 56.0 | 33.4 | 44.7 | 81 | 12 | 201 | 2.38 | .84| 3.65| 4 | 1.1

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 November---| 36.3 | 18.5 | 27.4 | 64 | -16 | 19 | 1.03 | .43| 1.54| 2 | 5.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 December---| 20.7 | 1.3 | 11.0 | 46 | -33 | 1 | .79 | .35| 1.16| 2 | 9.5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 51.5 | 28.1 | 39.8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme---| --- | --- | --- | 98 | -40 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,760 | 26.33 | 21.79| 30.58| 49 | 52.1

 | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the

maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which

growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (40 degrees F).
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 19

Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

 (Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Park Rapids, Minnesota)

 _____________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | or lower | or lower | or lower _____________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

 Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 12 | May 22 | June 1

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 8 | May 17 | May 28

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 29 | May 9 | May 19

 | | |

 First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 22 | Sept. 15 | Sept. 6

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 27 | Sept. 19 | Sept. 10

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 6 | Sept. 28 | Sept. 18

 | | | _____________________________________________________________

Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Park Rapids,

 Minnesota)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 o __________________________________________________ F

 | Days | Days | Days ____ ____ ____

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 138 | 124 | 101

 | | |

8 years in 10 | 145 | 130 | 108

 | | |

5 years in 10 | 159 | 141 | 120

 | | |

2 years in 10 | 173 | 152 | 133

 | | |

1 year in 10 | 180 | 158 | 140

 | | | __________________________________________________
21

The general soil map in this publication shows

broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils,

relief, and drainage. These areas are called

associations. Each association on the general soil

map is a unique natural landscape. Typically, it

consists of one or more major soils or miscellaneous

areas and some minor soils or miscellaneous areas. It

is named for the major soils or miscellaneous areas.

The soils or miscellaneous areas making up one

association can occur in another but in a different

pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare the

suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas

of suitable soils or miscellaneous areas can be

identified on the map. Likewise, areas that are not

suitable can be identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable

for planning the management of a farm or field or for

selecting a site for a road or building or other structure.

The soils in any one association differ from place to

place in slope, depth, drainage, and other

characteristics that affect management.

1. Sol-Nary Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits,

backslopes, and flats on moraines

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 0.5

Extent of the components in the association:

Sol and similar soils—45 percent

Nary and similar soils—30 percent

Minor soils—25 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Sol

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Nary

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Minor Soils

• Snellman and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Lupton and similar soils

Major Uses

• Forest land and cropland

2. Snellman-Lengby-Zerkel Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits,

backslopes, and flats on lake plains, outwash

plains, and moraines

Slope range: 1 to 15 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 0.5

Extent of the soils in the association:

Snellman and similar soils—40 percent

Lengby and similar soils—20 percent

Zerkel and similar soils—15 percent

Minor soils—25 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Snellman

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Lengby

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

General Soil Map Units
22 Soil Survey of

Zerkel

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Minor Soils

• Graycalm and similar soils

• Willosippi and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Lupton and similar soils

Major Uses

• Forest land and cropland

3. Rockwood-Blowers-Redeye, Morainic,

Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits,

backslopes, shoulders, and flats on moraines

(fig. 5)

Slope range: 1 to 30 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 22

Extent of the soils in the association:

Rockwood and similar soils—40 percent

Blowers and similar soils—30 percent

Redeye and similar soils—15 percent

Minor soils—15 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Rockwood

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Blowers

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Redeye

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Outwash over till

Figure 5.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Rockwood-Blowers-Redeye, morainic, association.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 23

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Minor Soils

• Two Inlets and similar soils

• Huntersville and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Lupton and similar soils

Major Uses

• Forest land, hayland, and pasture

4. Nebish-Beltrami-Braham Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits,

backslopes, shoulders, and flats on moraines

Slope range: 1 to 12 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 3

Extent of the soils in the association:

Nebish and similar soils—25 percent

Beltrami and similar soils—25 percent

Braham and similar soils—20 percent

Minor soils—30 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Nebish

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Beltrami

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Braham

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Outwash over till

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Minor Soils

• Blomford and similar soils

• Talmoon and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Lupton and similar soils

Major Uses

• Forest land, cropland, hayland, and pasture

5. Rockwood-Blowers Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits,

backslopes, shoulders, and flats on drumlins

Slope range: 1 to 20 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 1

Extent of the soils in the association:

Rockwood and similar soils—35 percent

Blowers and similar soils—30 percent

Minor soils—35 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Rockwood

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Blowers

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Minor Soils

• Redeye and similar soils

• Huntersville and similar soils

• Paddock and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses

• Forest land, cropland, and pasture

6. Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville

Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits,

backslopes, shoulders, and depressions on

moraines

Slope range: 0 to 65 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 29

Extent of the soils in the association:

Steamboat and similar soils—45 percent

Two Inlets and similar soils—25 percent

Seelyeville and similar soils—20 percent

Minor components—10 percent
24 Soil Survey of

Soil Properties and Qualities

Steamboat

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Two Inlets

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Seelyeville

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Herbaceous organic materials

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Minor Components

• Eagleview and similar soils

• Potatolake and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Lupton and similar soils

• Water

Major Uses

• Forest land

7. Sol-Sugarbush Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits and

backslopes on moraines

Slope range: 1 to 45 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 1

Extent of the soils in the association:

Sol and similar soils—50 percent

Sugarbush and similar soils—20 percent

Minor components—30 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Sol

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Sugarbush

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Minor Components

• Two Inlets and similar soils

• Lengby and similar soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Lupton and similar soils

• Water

Major Uses

• Forest land

8. Graycalm-Menahga Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits,

backslopes, shoulders, and flats on outwash

plains (fig. 6)

Slope range: 1 to 45 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 13

Extent of the soils in the association:

Graycalm and similar soils—50 percent

Menahga and similar soils—20 percent

Minor soils—30 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Graycalm

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Menahga

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Minor Soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Meehan and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

• Lupton and similar soils

Major Uses

• Forest land
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 25

9. Two Inlets-Sugarbush-Graycalm

Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits,

backslopes, shoulders, and flats on glacial

outwash plains (fig. 7)

Slope range: 0 to 45 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 13

Extent of the soils in the association:

Two Inlets and similar soils—35 percent

Sugarbush and similar soils—30 percent

Graycalm and similar soils—20 percent

Minor soils—15 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Two Inlets

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Sugarbush

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Graycalm

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Minor Soils

• Bootlake and similar soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

• Nidaros and similar soils

• Lupton and similar soils

Major Uses

• Forest land and pasture

Figure 6.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Graycalm-Menahga association.
26 Soil Survey of

10. Sanburn-Graycalm Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits,

backslopes, shoulders, and flats on outwash

plains

Slope range: 0 to 30 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 7

Extent of the soils in the association:

Sanburn and similar soils—60 percent

Graycalm and similar soils—30 percent

Minor soils—10 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Sanburn

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Graycalm

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Minor Soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

• Nidaros and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses

• Forest land, cropland, and pasture

11. Verndale-Dorset Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Summits,

backslopes, shoulders, and flats on outwash

plains (fig. 8)

Figure 7.—An area of the Two Inlets-Sugarbush-Graycalm association that has been excavated for sand and gravel.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 27

Slope range: 0 to 20 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 8

Extent of the soils in the association:

Verndale and similar soils—40 percent

Dorset and similar soils—30 percent

Minor soils—30 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Verndale

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy outwash or

beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Dorset

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy and

gravelly outwash or beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Minor Soils

• Nymore and similar soils

Figure 8.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Verndale-Dorset association.

• Corliss and similar soils

• Duelm and similar soils

• Isan and similar soils

• Nidaros and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses

• Cropland, hayland, and pasture

12. Seelyeville-Nidaros-Meehan

Association

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Depressions

and flats on outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 2

Extent of the soils in the association:

Seelyeville and similar soils—40 percent

Nidaros and similar soils—20 percent

Meehan and similar soils—20 percent

Minor soils—20 percent
28

Soil Properties and Qualities

Seelyeville

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Herbaceous organic materials

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Nidaros

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic materials over outwash

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Meehan

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Outwash

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Minor Soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

• Graycalm and similar soils

Major Uses

• Wildlife habitat and forest land
29

This section relates the soils in the survey area to

the major factors of soil formation and describes the

system of soil classification.

Formation of the Soils

Soil is produced by the action of soil-forming

processes on materials deposited by geological forces

(Jenny, 1941). Soil characteristics in a given area are

determined by the composition of the parent material;

the climate under which the soil material has

accumulated; the plant and animal life on and in the

soil; the relief, or topography; and the length of time

that the forces of soil formation have acted on the

parent materials.

The type of parent material and its resistance to

weathering determine the kind and degree of soil

development. Climatic changes and plants and

animals act upon the parent material. Relief modifies

the effects of climate, which in turn influences plant

material. All of these forces cause alterations in the

parent material over geologic time. These alterations

result in the development of distinct soil types.

All five factors of soil formation are interrelated.

When one factor changes, the other four factors are

affected. The following paragraphs describe the factors

of soil formation as they relate to the soils in Hubbard

County.

Climate

Hubbard County has a cool, subhumid continental

climate characterized by cold winters and hot

summers. Rainfall and snowmelt dissolve minerals

and support biological activity, and the water moves

minerals and organic residue into the soil. Temperature

influences the kinds of plants and animals in the soil

and their rate of growth. Temperature also controls the

rate of physical and chemical weathering. Freezing of

the soil in winter slows the soil-forming processes.

Alternate freezing and thawing cycles break up the

parent material, and frost heaving helps to mix the soil

material.

Living Organisms

The native vegetation of Hubbard County consisted

of five major types (Marshner, 1974). These included

aspen-birch, jack pine barrens and openings, white

pine-red pine, hardwood forests, and wetlandsbrushland-prairie. The majority of the county

supported well mixed aspen-birch, jack pine barrens

and openings, and white pine-red pine plant

communities. The northeastern part of the county

supported most of the hardwood forests. The most

common species included oak, aspen, birch, elm, ash,

and maple. The areas of wetland-brushland-prairie

were adjacent to rivers and broad drainageways and

in a large, low-relief area in the extreme southeast

corner of the county. The wetland component

consisted of plant communities ranging from cattails,

sedges, and reeds to dense tamarack, black spruce,

and northern whitecedar. The brushland-prairie

component consisted of shrub and oak/aspen thickets.

These different plant communities influenced the

chemical and biological processes of soil formation.

Plants primarily influence soil formation by adding raw

plant residues to nutrient recycling systems. Generally,

soils that formed under deciduous vegetation tend to

have a higher base status and lower acidity than soils

that formed under dominantly coniferous trees. Also,

the chemical composition of plant residues can

influence the movement of nutrients through the soil.

Vegetation can affect the structure of the soil. The

quality and quantity of vegetative cover can affect the

soil’s erodibility.

Although plants have the greatest influence on soil

formation, bacteria, earthworms, and other forms of

animal life aid in the weathering of soil materials and

the decomposition of organic matter. Earthworms and

small burrowing animals help to mix the upper layers

of the soil.

The farming and land-clearing activities of humans

affect some soil-forming processes and have changed

some of the properties and characteristics of the soils

in the survey area. Tillage has partially altered the

original structure of the soil and has mixed the darker

Formation and Classification of the Soils
30 Soil Survey of

surface layer with the lighter colored subsoil.

Applications of fertilizer have increased the fertility of

some soils. Drainage activities affect runoff and

infiltration rates. Accelerated erosion on unprotected

farmland has reduced the thickness of the surface

layer and the content of organic matter.

Topography

Topography is an important factor in soil formation

because it affects drainage, infiltration, erosion, and

vegetation. In Hubbard County, relief ranges from

nearly level to very steep. As the degree of slope

increases, the potential for erosion increases and the

amount of water available for leaching and for plant

use decreases. Slope aspect influences soil moisture

and soil temperature. South- and west-facing slopes

receive more sunlight than north- and east-facing

slopes. Thus, the soils on south- and west-facing

slopes tend to be warmer and drier than the soils on

north- and east-facing slopes.

Topographic position on the landscape affects

natural drainage. Soils that are in the higher positions

on the landscape typically are not saturated with

water. Soils in the lower positions may have a

seasonal high water table and can be saturated for

extended periods of time. Soils in depressions are

commonly ponded and remain saturated year-round.

Soil color is influenced by the drainage class of the

soil.Well drained soils normally exhibit brown and

yellow colors. Poorly drained soils are normally

characterized by duller grays and blues. Soil drainage

also affects the type of vegetation that will grow in

different positions on the landscape because each

plant species or community has inherently different

moisture requirements.

Parent Material

The soils in Hubbard County formed in glacial till, in

glacial outwash, and in organic material. About 60

percent of the soils formed in glacial till, 30 percent in

sandy and gravelly outwash, and 10 percent in organic

material.

The three distinct areas of glacial till in Hubbard

County reflect the processes of glacial deposition.The

central part of the county consists of the Itasca

Moraine complex and is characterized by steep,

rugged hills typical of an end moraine.This glacial

feature produced a variety of landscapes dominated

by calcareous sandy loam and loam and local

deposits of sand, gravel, and stratified materials.The

major soils in this area include Steamboat, Sol, and

Two Inlets soils.

The northern one-third of the county consists of a

ground moraine formed by active (advancing and/or

retreating) ice.This landscape is nearly level to

sloping, except along river channels, and is dominated

by calcareous sandy loam and loam and an

abundance of boulders, stones, and cobbles.The

major soils in this area include Rockwood, Blowers,

Nebish, and Beltrami soils.

The loamy glacial till in Straight River Township is

associated with the Wadena drumlin field.The shape

and extent of these drumlins have been altered by

deposits of outwash from the Itasca moraine. The

landscape is gently sloping and sloping. Blowers,

Rockwood, Redeye, and Huntersville are the major

soils in this area.

The southern one-third of the county consists of

two distinct glacial outwash areas. One area is

generally west and southwest of the Crow Wing chain

of lakes and was derived from meltwaters of the Itasca

Moraine.The landscape is nearly level and gently

sloping and is dominated by calcareous sandy and

gravelly materials. The major soils in this area include

Bootlake, Graycalm, Sugarbush, Two Inlets, Verndale,

Nymore, Dorset, and Corliss soils.

The second major area of glacial outwash is

generally east and southeast of the Crow Wing chain

of lakes and was derived from meltwaters of the St.

Croix Moraine in Cass County. The landscape is

nearly level and gently sloping and is dominated by

acidic sandy and gravelly materials. The major soils in

this area include Sanburn, Graycalm, Menahga, and

Wurtsmith soils.

The organic materials in Hubbard County were

derived from both herbaceous and woody plants,

forming two distinctive types of peat. Soils that formed

in this material have a high water table. Herbaceous

peats dominantly support cattails, reeds, sedges, and

willows. Cedar, tamarack, black spruce, alder, and

black ash thrive in the woody peats. Because the high

water table slows the rate of decomposition, plant

materials accumulate faster than they decompose.

The organic materials range in thickness from 8

inches to more than 7 feet and are highly or

moderately decomposed. The organic soils are in

depressions, potholes, and broad drainageways

throughout the county.The major organic soils are

Seelyeville, Mooselake, Lupton, Nidaros, Markey, and

Cathro soils.

More information on the glacial history and parent

materials of the county is available under the heading

“General Nature of the Survey Area.”

Time

Soil formation is influenced by the length of time

during which soils have been exposed to the other

soil-forming processes. In geologic terms, the soils of
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 31

Hubbard County are young. The processes of soil

formation have been active for only the past 10,000 to

20,000 years, since the last glacial period ended.

Young soils are generally more fertile and exhibit less

development than older soils.

Classification of the Soils

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories.

Beginning with the broadest, these categories are the

order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and

series. Classification is based on soil properties

observed in the field or inferred from those

observations or from laboratory measurements. The

table “Classification of the Soils,” which is at the end of

this section, shows the classification of the soils in the

survey area. The extent of the soils in the survey area

is shown in the table “Acreage and Proportionate

Extent of the Soils.”

The categories of soil classification are defined in

the following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Mollisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Aquoll

(Aqu, meaning water, plus oll, from Mollisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; and base status. Each great group is

identified by the name of a suborder and by a prefix

that indicates a property of the soil. An example is

Endoaquolls (Endo, meaning within, plus aquoll, the

suborder of the Mollisols that has an aquic moisture

regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic is the central concept of the

great group; it is not necessarily the most extensive.

Intergrades are transitions to other orders, suborders,

or great groups. Extragrades have some properties

that are not representative of the great group but do

not indicate transitions to any other known kind of soil.

Each subgroup is identified by one or more adjectives

preceding the name of the great group. The adjective

Typic identifies the subgroup that typifies the great

group. An example is Typic Endoaquolls.

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle-size class,

mineral content, temperature regime, thickness of the

root zone, consistence, moisture equivalent, slope,

and permanent cracks. A family name consists of the

name of a subgroup preceded by terms that indicate

soil properties. An example is sandy, mixed, frigid

Typic Endoaquolls.

SERIES. The series consists of soils that have

similar horizons in their profile. The horizons are

similar in color, texture, structure, reaction,

consistence, mineral and chemical composition,

and arrangement in the profile. The texture of the

surface layer or of the substratum can differ within

a series.
32 Soil Survey of

Classification of the Soils

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Akeley-------------------|Arenic Eutroboralfs, loamy, mixed, superactive

 Baudette-----------------|Aquic Eutroboralfs, fine-silty, mixed, superactive

 Becida-------------------|Mollic Glossaqualfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Beltrami-----------------|Aquic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Blomford-----------------|Arenic Epiaqualfs, loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Blowers------------------|Glossaquic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Bootlake-----------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Bowstring----------------|Fluvaquentic Borosaprists, euic

 Braham-------------------|Arenic Eutroboralfs, loamy, mixed, superactive

 Cathro-------------------|Terric Borosaprists, loamy, mixed, euic

 Corliss------------------|Typic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Dalbo--------------------|Aquertic Eutroboralfs, fine, smectitic

 Debs---------------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, fine-silty, mixed, superactive

 Dorset-------------------|Udic Argiborolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Duelm--------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy, mixed

 Eagleview----------------|Argic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Egglake------------------|Mollic Endoaqualfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Evart--------------------|Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Graycalm-----------------|Argic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Haslie-------------------|Limnic Borosaprists, coprogenous, euic

 Huntersville-------------|Aquic Arenic Eutroboralfs, loamy, mixed, superactive

 Isan---------------------|Typic Endoaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Lengby-------------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Lupton-------------------|Typic Borosaprists, euic

 Markey-------------------|Terric Borosaprists, sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, euic

 Meehan-------------------|Aquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Menahga------------------|Typic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Mooselake----------------|Typic Borohemists, euic

 Nary---------------------|Glossaquic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Nebish-------------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Nidaros------------------|Terric Borosaprists, loamy, mixed, euic

 Nymore-------------------|Typic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Paddock------------------|Udollic Epiaqualfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Potatolake---------------|Aquic Eutroboralfs, fine-silty, mixed, superactive

 Redeye-------------------|Arenic Eutroboralfs, loamy, mixed, superactive

 Rifle--------------------|Typic Borohemists, euic

 Rockwood-----------------|Mollic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Rondeau------------------|Limnic Borosaprists, marly, euic

 Roscommon----------------|Mollic Psammaquents, mixed, frigid

 Runeberg-----------------|Typic Endoaquolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Sanburn------------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Seelyeville--------------|Typic Borosaprists, euic

 Snellman-----------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Sol----------------------|Glossic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Spooner------------------|Mollic Endoaqualfs, fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Staples------------------|Arenic Epiaqualfs, loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Steamboat----------------|Typic Paleboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Sugarbush----------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Talmoon------------------|Mollic Endoaqualfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Two Inlets---------------|Psammentic Eutroboralfs, mixed

 Udipsamments-------------|Udipsamments

 Udorthents---------------|Udorthents

 Verndale-----------------|Udic Argiborolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Willosippi---------------|Mollic Endoaqualfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Wurtsmith----------------|Oxyaquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Zerkel-------------------|Glossic Oxyaquic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Zimmerman----------------|Argic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 33

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

(The abbreviation "MAP" stands for mean annual precipitation; the numbers that follow the abbreviation

 refer to a range in inches)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

82B |Redeye loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------| 642 | 0.1

82C |Redeye loamy sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------------| 39 | *

133B |Dalbo silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 17 | *

133C |Dalbo silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes----------------------------------| 3 | *

139B |Huntersville loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes----------------------| 760 | 0.1

147 |Spooner silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 140 | *

158B |Zimmerman loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------| 1,657 | 0.3

158C |Zimmerman loamy fine sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes------------------------| 60 | *

167A |Baudette silt loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------| 295 | *

170 |Blomford loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------| 740 | 0.1

202 |Meehan loamy sand, MAP 22-30, 0 to 3 percent slopes----------------------| 2,898 | 0.5

207B |Nymore loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------| 580 | *

207C |Nymore loamy sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------------| 81 | *

207D |Nymore loamy sand, 12 to 20 percent slopes-------------------------------| 53 | *

260 |Duelm loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 459 | *

261 |Isan loamy sand, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------| 466 | *

267B |Snellman sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------------| 563 | *

346 |Talmoon loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 491 | *

406A |Dorset sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 207 | *

488 |Becida fine sandy loam, morainic, 0 to 2 percent slopes, stony-----------| 4,766 | 0.7

526C |Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville complex, pitted, 0 to 15 percent slopes-| 65,187 | 10.2

526E |Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville complex, pitted, 0 to 35 percent slopes-| 38,306 | 6.0

540 |Seelyeville muck, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------| 10,127 | 1.6

541 |Rifle mucky peat, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------| 41 | *

545 |Rondeau muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------------| 433 | *

567A |Verndale sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 10,532 | 1.6

574G |Steamboat-Two Inlets complex, pitted, 35 to 65 percent slopes------------| 3,486 | 0.5

628 |Talmoon muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------------| 126 | *

672 |Willosippi loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 1,635 | 0.3

675C |Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat complex, pitted, 3 to 15 percent slopes---| 23,233 | 3.6

675E |Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat complex, pitted, 15 to 35 percent slopes--| 15,750 | 2.5

675G |Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat complex, pitted, 35 to 65 percent slopes--| 2,827 | 0.4

701 |Runeberg mucky loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes-----------------| 728 | 0.1

709B |Lengby fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------| 744 | 0.1

709C |Lengby fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes---------------------------| 94 | *

719B |Rondeau muck (seepland), 1 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------| 277 | *

731A |Sanburn loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------| 8,156 | 1.3

744B |Debs-Akeley complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------------| 2,424 | 0.4

746 |Haslie muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes-------------------------| 122 | *

775B |Sugarbush-Two Inlets complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes----------------------| 14,068 | 2.2

775C |Sugarbush-Two Inlets complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes---------------------| 11,030 | 1.7

778B |Dorset-Corliss complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------| 8,251 | 1.3

778C |Dorset-Corliss complex, 6 to 12 percent slopes---------------------------| 2,276 | 0.4

797 |Mooselake and Lupton soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------------| 28,717 | 4.5

799 |Seelyeville and Bowstring soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently | |

 | flooded-----------------------------------------------------------------| 1,357 | 0.2

820B |Potatolake very fine sandy loam, 1 to 8 percent slopes-------------------| 3,925 | 0.6

820C |Potatolake very fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes------------------| 796 | 0.1

831C |Akeley-Debs complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes------------------------------| 1,263 | 0.2

831E |Akeley-Debs complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes-----------------------------| 866 | 0.1

844B |Sanburn-Graycalm complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes--------------------------| 22,150 | 3.5

867B |Graycalm-Menahga complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes--------------------------| 26,445 | 4.1

867C |Graycalm-Menahga complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes-------------------------| 4,969 | 0.8

867E |Graycalm-Menahga complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes------------------------| 5,527 | 0.9

867F |Graycalm-Menahga complex, 30 to 45 percent slopes------------------------| 143 | *

1015 |Udipsamments (cut and fill land)-----------------------------------------| 371 | *

1016 |Udorthents, loamy (cut and fill land)------------------------------------| 147 | *

1021C |Graycalm-Sanburn complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes-------------------------| 6,569 | 1.0

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
34

 Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

1027 |Udorthents, wet substratum (fill land)-----------------------------------| 171 | *

1030 |Pits, gravel-Udipsamments complex----------------------------------------| 706 | 0.1

1111 |Nidaros muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------------------| 11,207 | 1.8

1113 |Haslie, Seelyeville, and Cathro soils, ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes-----| 10,408 | 1.6

1126B |Verndale-Nymore complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------| 26,821 | 4.2

1127A |Bootlake-Graycalm complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------| 239 | *

1127B |Bootlake-Graycalm complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------| 19,992 | 3.1

1136 |Nidaros muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------------| 2,311 | 0.4

1164 |Zerkel loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 703 | 0.1

1200 |Egglake loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 174 | *

1230 |Haslie and Nidaros soils, ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------| 5,175 | 0.8

1238E |Two Inlets-Sugarbush complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes--------------------| 5,933 | 0.9

1238F |Two Inlets-Sugarbush complex, 30 to 45 percent slopes--------------------| 585 | *

1244B |Sol-Sugarbush complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, very stony-----------------| 2,532 | 0.4

1244C |Sol-Sugarbush complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony----------------| 2,068 | 0.3

1244E |Sol-Sugarbush complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, very stony---------------| 1,337 | 0.2

1247D |Corliss-Dorset complex, 12 to 20 percent slopes--------------------------| 224 | *

1248C |Nymore-Verndale complex, 6 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------| 1,836 | 0.3

1249C |Graycalm-Bootlake complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes------------------------| 8,133 | 1.3

1271 |Roscommon mucky loamy sand, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent | |

 | slopes------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,811 | 0.3

1272B |Sol fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------| 780 | 0.1

1294 |Nary fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------------------------------| 347 | *

1319B |Rockwood sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, stony------------------------| 3,146 | 0.5

1319C |Rockwood sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, stony-----------------------| 277 | *

1319D |Rockwood sandy loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, stony----------------------| 250 | *

1320B |Blowers sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, stony-------------------------| 1,326 | 0.2

1321 |Paddock-Becida complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, stony---------------------| 154 | *

1332B |Rockwood fine sandy loam, morainic, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony---------| 41,382 | 6.5

1332C |Rockwood fine sandy loam, morainic, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony--------| 5,781 | 0.9

1332E |Rockwood fine sandy loam, morainic, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony-------| 1,271 | 0.2

1334 |Huntersville loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes---------------------------| 4,452 | 0.7

1336 |Blowers fine sandy loam, morainic, 1 to 3 percent slopes, stony----------| 28,854 | 4.5

1356 |Water, miscellaneous-----------------------------------------------------| 135 | *

1421B |Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic, complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony-----| 15,347 | 2.4

1421C |Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic, complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony----| 9,805 | 1.5

1421E |Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic, complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony---| 4,952 | 0.8

1438B |Braham loamy fine sand, moderately wet, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------| 1,327 | 0.2

1439 |Cathro muck, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes--------------| 497 | *

1440B |Redeye loamy sand, morainic, 3 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------| 5,637 | 0.9

1440C |Redeye loamy sand, morainic, 8 to 15 percent slopes----------------------| 1,317 | 0.2

1444 |Wurtsmith loamy sand, MAP 22-30, 0 to 3 percent slopes-------------------| 6,076 | 0.9

1445 |Markey muck, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes--------------| 284 | *

1447 |Beltrami very fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes---------------------| 3,423 | 0.5

1450B |Sanburn very stony loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes, bouldery-----------| 882 | 0.1

1450C |Sanburn very stony loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery----------| 368 | *

1450E |Sanburn very stony loamy sand, 15 to 30 percent slopes, bouldery---------| 229 | *

1460B |Nebish very fine sandy loam, moderately wet, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------| 6,780 | 1.1

1460C |Nebish very fine sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes----------------------| 494 | *

1943 |Roscommon loamy sand, MAP 22-30, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------| 2,594 | 0.4

1956 |Staples loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 1,663 | 0.3

1968 |Evart loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------------------| 9 | *

1969 |Evart-Isan complex, channeled, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded-| 953 | 0.1

W |Water--------------------------------------------------------------------| 48,827 | 7.6

 | |____________|________

 | Total---------------------------------------------------------------| 640,000 | 100.0

 | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.05 percent. The combined extent of the soils assigned an asterisk in the "Percent"

column is about 1.6 percent of the survey area.
35

In this section, arranged in alphabetical order, each

soil series recognized in the survey area is described.

Each series description is followed by descriptions of

the associated detailed soil map units.

Characteristics of the soil and the material in which

it formed are identified for each soil series. A pedon, a

small three-dimensional area of soil, that is typical of

the series in the survey area is described. The detailed

description of each soil horizon follows standards in

the “Soil Survey Manual” (USDA, 1993). Many of the

technical terms used in the descriptions are defined in

“Soil Taxonomy” (USDA, 1999). Unless otherwise

stated, colors in the descriptions are for moist soil.

Following the pedon description is the range of

important characteristics of the soils in the series.

The map units on the detailed soil maps in this

survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in

the survey area. The map unit descriptions in this

section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses. More information

about each map unit is given in Part II of this survey.

A map unit delineation on the detailed soil maps

represents an area on the landscape and consists of

one or more soils or miscellaneous areas. A map unit

is identified and named according to the taxonomic

classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic

class there are precisely defined limits for the

properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the

soils and miscellaneous areas are natural

phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of

some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a

single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped

without including areas of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils

or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and

some “included” areas that belong to other taxonomic

classes.

Most included soils have properties similar to those

of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus

they do not affect use and management. These are

called noncontrasting, or similar, inclusions. They may

or may not be mentioned in the map unit description.

Other included soils and miscellaneous areas,

however, have properties and behavioral

characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to

require different management. These are called

contrasting, or dissimilar, inclusions. They generally

are in small areas and could not be mapped

separately because of the scale used. Some small

areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous

areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps.

The included areas of contrasting soils or

miscellaneous areas are mentioned in the map unit

descriptions. A few included areas may not have been

observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in

the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so

complex that it was impractical to make enough

observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous

areas on the landscape.

The presence of included areas in a map unit in no

way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data.

The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into segments that have similar use and

management requirements. The delineation of such

landscape segments on the map provides sufficient

information for the development of resource plans, but

if intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite

investigation is needed to define and locate the soils

and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes

general facts about the unit. The principal hazards and

limitations to be considered in planning for specific

uses are described in Part II of this survey.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer or of the underlying layers, all the soils of

a series have major horizons that are similar in

composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer or of the underlying layers. They also can

differ in slope, stoniness, salinity, wetness, degree of

erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.

On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units
36 Soil Survey of

the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The

name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature

that affects use or management. For example,

Rockwood sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, stony, is

a phase of the Rockwood series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are

called complexes or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or

miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in

such small areas that they cannot be shown

separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of

the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar

in all areas. Bootlake-Graycalm complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or

more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be

mapped individually but are mapped as one unit

because similar interpretations can be made for use

and management. The pattern and proportion of the

soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not

uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the

major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made

up of all of them. Mooselake and Lupton soils, 0 to 1

percent slopes, is an undifferentiated group in this

survey area.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. Pits, gravel, is an example.

Some map units have the abbreviation “MAP” as

part of the map unit name. This abbreviation stands for

“mean annual precipitation.” The numbers that follow

the abbreviation refer to a range in inches.

The table “Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the

Soils” gives the acreage and proportionate extent of

each map unit. Other tables (see the Contents in Part

II of this survey) give properties of the soils and the

limitations, capabilities, and potentials for many uses.

The Glossary defines many of the terms used in

describing the soils or miscellaneous areas.

Akeley Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—moderate

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Parent material: Outwash over glaciolacustrine

deposits

Slope range: 1 to 35 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive

Arenic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Akeley loamy sand, in an area of Akeley-Debs

complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, 2,450 feet north and

1,900 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 26, T.

141 N., R. 32 W., Hubbard County; USGS Crystal

Lake quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 59 minutes 54.2

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 41 minutes 54.7

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy

sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; common very fine

to coarse roots throughout; 5 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw—3 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure

parting to single grain; very friable; common very

fine to coarse roots throughout; 5 percent gravel;

moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

E—19 to 49 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand;

single grain; loose; few very fine and fine roots

throughout; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

2Bt—49 to 56 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common faint continuous brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and lining

pores; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2C1—56 to 64 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) silt

loam; weak thin platy structure; friable; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

2C2—64 to 70 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3)

loamy very fine sand; weak thin platy structure

parting to single grain; very friable; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

2C3—70 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3)

silt loam; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations; weak thin

platy structure; very friable; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 40 to more than 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

B horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 37

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy

fine sand, sand, fine sand, or coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, loamy

coarse sand, sand, fine sand, or coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

C horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sand, fine sand, or coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silt loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy

very fine sand, or silt or stratified with these

textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

831C—Akeley-Debs complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Composition

Akeley and similar soils: About 45 percent

Debs and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Akeley—backslopes and

shoulders; Debs—summits and backslopes

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Akeley

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over

glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Debs

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Zimmerman and similar soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Baudette and similar soils

• Spooner and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

831E—Akeley-Debs complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes

Composition

Akeley and similar soils: About 60 percent

Debs and similar soils: About 25 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent
38 Soil Survey of

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Akeley—backslopes and

shoulders; Debs—summits and backslopes

Slope range: 15 to 35 percent

Component Description

Akeley

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over

glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Debs

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Zimmerman and similar soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Baudette and similar soils

• Spooner and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Baudette Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive

Aquic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Baudette silt loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, 1,320 feet

west and 50 feet north of the southeast corner of sec.

35, T. 149 N., R. 32 W., Beltrami County; USGS Ten

Strike quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 40 minutes 20

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 42 minutes 7

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 6/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

very friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

E—4 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very fine

sandy loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak thin

platy structure; very friable; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—8 to 16 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—16 to 35 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silt loam;

few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron

depletions and few fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

C—35 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; common medium distinct olive yellow (2.5Y

6/6) iron concentrations and common medium

distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions;

massive; very friable; common fine irregularly

shaped soft masses of carbonates in seams;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 14 to 36 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 39

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam,

loam, or silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, or clay

loam

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam, silt, loam, very fine sandy

loam, loamy very fine sand, or very fine sand

167A—Baudette silt loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes

Composition

Baudette and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.9 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

2.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Spooner and similar soils

• Debs and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Becida Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; lower part—slow

or very slow

Landform: Drumlins and moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Mollic Glossaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Becida loam, in an area of Paddock-Becida complex, 0

to 2 percent slopes, stony, 2,600 feet west and 400

feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 21, T. 136 N.,

R. 36 W., Otter Tail County; USGS Sebeka SW

quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 35 minutes 7 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 13 minutes 42 seconds W.,

NAD27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine and very fine roots; 1 percent gravel;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Eg—8 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

fine sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry;

strong thick platy structure; very friable; common

fine prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) and

common fine and medium prominent brown

(7.5YR 4/4) iron concentrations; few very fine

roots; 1 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

E/B—13 to 27 inches; 70 percent grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) sandy loam (Eg), 30 percent brown (10YR

4/3) sandy loam (Bt); weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium

prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8 and 4/6) iron

concentrations; common patchy faint gray (10YR

5/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; 3

percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.
40 Soil Survey of

Btg—27 to 34 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common

fine yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron concentrations;

common patchy faint gray (10YR 5/1) and dark

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 2

percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—34 to 49 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; many medium and coarse

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) iron

concentrations and common fine distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; few

patchy faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; few patchy prominent very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron-manganese

stains in pores and on faces of peds; 7 percent

gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—49 to 58 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and medium distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) iron depletions; few patchy

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and

common discontinuous dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) clay films in pores and on faces of

peds; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

BCd—58 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

sandy loam; massive breaking to moderate platy

soil fragments; friable; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations

and many medium and coarse distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; 5 percent

gravel; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 40 to more than 80 inches

Depth to dense till: 40 to more than 80 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 15 percent

Other features: Most pedons have an E/B, EB, B/E, or

BE horizon, which has colors and textures similar

to those of the E and B horizons.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or fine sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy

sand

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam

BCd horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam

488—Becida fine sandy loam, morainic, 0

to 2 percent slopes, stony

Composition

Becida and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Swales on moraines

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 1 foot below the

surface (fig. 9)

Kind of water table: Perched

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 41

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Beltrami Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid or

Figure 9.—A new road built through an area of Becida fine sandy loam, morainic, 0 to 2 percent slopes, stony. Wetness and surface

stoniness are management concerns in areas of this soil.
42 Soil Survey of

moderate; lower part—moderate or moderately

slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Aquic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Beltrami very fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes,

500 feet south and 550 feet west of the northeast

corner of sec. 35, T. 145 N., R. 32 W., Hubbard County;

USGS Steamboat Lake quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 20

minutes 9 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 41

minutes 40 seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

very fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many fine and very fine roots throughout; 5

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

E—6 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very

fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak

thin platy structure parting to moderate very fine

subangular blocky; very friable; common fine and

very fine roots throughout; 5 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—12 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; common fine and very fine roots throughout;

many distinct discontinuous pale brown (10YR

6/3) silt coatings on faces of peds; common

distinct discontinuous dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 24 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay

loam; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions and common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations;

strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm;

common very fine roots throughout; few distinct

discontinuous pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings

on faces of peds; many distinct discontinuous dark

brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine and medium masses of iron-manganese

accumulation; 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bt3—24 to 32 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay

loam; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions and common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations;

strong coarse subangular blocky structure; firm;

common distinct discontinuous dark brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine and

medium masses of iron-manganese accumulation;

5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

BC—32 to 39 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay

loam; common fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

iron depletions and common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

firm; few distinct discontinuous dark brown (7.5YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine and

medium masses of iron-manganese accumulation;

few fine masses of carbonate; 5 percent gravel;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

C1—39 to 65 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) loam;

common coarse distinct olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron

depletions and common coarse prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations;

massive; firm; common distinct discontinuous light

gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate coatings on faces of

peds; very few fine and medium masses of ironmanganese accumulation; very few fine masses of

carbonate; 8 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

C2—65 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

sandy loam; massive; friable; common distinct

discontinuous light gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate

coatings in root channels and pores; very few fine

and medium masses of iron-manganese

accumulation; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 10 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—very fine sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—very fine sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy

fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 43

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or fine

sandy loam

1447—Beltrami very fine sandy loam, 1 to

3 percent slopes

Composition

Beltrami and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on moraines

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.5 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.1 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Talmoon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Blomford Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Outwash over till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive,

frigid Arenic Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Blomford loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 2,300

feet south and 150 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 19, T. 145 N., R. 31 W., Cass County; USGS

Steamboat Lake quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 21

minutes 37 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 40

minutes 10 seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 5 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; very friable; many fine to

coarse roots throughout; 2 percent gravel; slightly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Eg—5 to 23 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine

sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; many fine and

medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions and many fine and medium distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) iron

concentrations; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; many fine and medium roots throughout; 2

percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2Btg1—23 to 40 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay loam; many medium and coarse distinct dark

gray (5Y 4/1) iron depletions and many medium

and coarse distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) iron

concentrations; strong coarse subangular blocky

structure; extremely firm; many very fine to

medium roots throughout; common continuous

distinct very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) clay

films on faces of peds; few coarse masses of iron

accumulation; 12 percent gravel; slightly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

2Btg2—40 to 55 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay loam;

many coarse faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) iron

depletions and many coarse prominent olive

brown (2.5Y 4/4) iron concentrations; strong

coarse subangular blocky structure; extremely

firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout;

many continuous distinct dark olive gray (5Y 3/2)

clay films on faces of peds; few coarse masses of

iron accumulation; 12 percent gravel; slightly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

2BCg—55 to 65 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)
44 Soil Survey of

clay loam; many fine and medium distinct olive

gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions and many fine and

medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron

concentrations; strong coarse subangular blocky

structure; very firm; few very fine roots; few

discontinuous distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine masses

of iron accumulation; few fine carbonate threads;

10 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

2Cg—65 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3 and

5/4) clay loam and sandy clay loam; many fine and

medium distinct olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions

and many fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations; massive;

very friable; few very fine roots; few fine masses of

iron accumulation; few fine carbonate threads; 8

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 36 to 70 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand,

or sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

2Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, loam, silty

clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silty

clay loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

170—Blomford loamy fine sand, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Composition

Blomford and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Swales on moraines

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.1 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

2.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Braham and similar soils

• Talmoon and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Blowers Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; lower part—slow

or very slow

Landform: Drumlins and moraines

Parent material: Till
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 45

Slope range: 1 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Glossaquic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Blowers sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, stony, 42

feet south and 1,340 feet east of the northwest corner

of sec. 32, T. 130 N., R. 34 W., Todd County; USGS

Browerville SW quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 2 minutes

1.3 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 59 minutes 43.3

seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; friable; 10 percent gravel;

moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

E—6 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak thin platy structure; friable; 10 percent

gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

E/B—12 to 17 inches; about 70 percent dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam (E), about 30

percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) sandy

loam (B); moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; 12 percent gravel; moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—17 to 27 inches; about 70 percent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam (B), about 30

percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy loam (E);

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) clay films in pores and common faint

dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) clay films on

faces of peds; 13 percent gravel; moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt—27 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; common fine distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions; moderate thick platy

structure parting to moderate fine subangular

blocky; firm; many distinct very dark brown (10YR

2/2) clay films in pores and common distinct dark

brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; 14

percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

BC—34 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; moderate medium platy structure;

firm; common distinct dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films in pores; few fine irregularly shaped light gray

(10YR 7/2) segregated lime filaments; 13 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt wavy boundary.

Cd—40 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; massive breaking to moderate platy

soil fragments; very firm; fine irregularly shaped

light gray (10YR 7/2) segregated lime in seams;

12 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 32 to 60 inches

Depth to dense till: 40 to 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 15 percent

Other features: Most pedons have an E/B, EB, B/E, or

BE horizon, which has colors and textures similar

to those of the E and B horizons.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or loamy sand

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam

Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 to 5

Texture—sandy loam or loamy sand

1320B—Blowers sandy loam, 1 to 5

percent slopes, stony

Composition

Blowers and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Drumlins

Position on the landform: Backslopes and footslopes

Slope range: 1 to 5 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet
46 Soil Survey of

Kind of water table: Perched

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Rockwood and similar soils

• Huntersville and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1336—Blowers fine sandy loam, morainic,

1 to 3 percent slopes, stony

Composition

Blowers and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on moraines

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.4 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Becida and similar soils

• Rockwood and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Bootlake Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid

Landform: Outwash plains

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 15 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Typic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Bootlake sandy loam, in an area of Bootlake-Graycalm

complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 1,200 feet west and

1,700 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 9, T.

139 N., R. 36 W., Becker County; USGS Park Rapids

SW quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 52 minutes 22

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 13 minutes 49

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; 2 percent

gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—3 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand,

pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; 2 percent gravel; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—7 to 13 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many thin dark brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 47

2Bw—13 to 47 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/6) coarse sand; single grain; loose; 8 percent

gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2C—47 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) coarse

sand; single grain; loose; 8 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy

sand, or loamy coarse sand

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

2Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—sand or coarse sand

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sand or coarse sand

1127A—Bootlake-Graycalm complex, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Composition

Bootlake and similar soils: About 60 percent

Graycalm and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Bootlake

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

Graycalm

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1127B—Bootlake-Graycalm complex, 2 to

8 percent slopes

Composition

Bootlake and similar soils: About 60 percent

Graycalm and similar soils: About 30 percent
48 Soil Survey of

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Bootlake—backslopes and

footslopes; Graycalm—shoulders and summits

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Component Description

Bootlake

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

Graycalm

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Bowstring Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow to rapid

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Organic materials stratified with thin

layers of sandy or loamy material

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic Fluvaquentic

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Bowstring muck, in an area of Seelyeville and

Bowstring soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently

flooded, 2,500 feet north and 2,485 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 17, T. 35 N., R. 26 W.,

Sherburne County; USGS Princeton quadrangle; lat.

45 degrees 31 minutes 21 seconds N. and long. 93

degrees 36 minutes 9 seconds W., NAD27:

Oa1—0 to 18 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face, rubbed, and pressed; 30 percent fiber, 5

percent rubbed; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; mostly herbaceous fiber;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Oa2—18 to 38 inches; muck, black (N 2/0) broken

face, rubbed, and pressed; thin strata of sand; 10

percent fiber, 1 percent rubbed; massive; friable;

mostly herbaceous fiber; moderately acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg—38 to 47 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) fine sand with

thin strata of black (N 2/0) muck; massive; very

friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

O ́a—47 to 80 inches; muck, black (N 2/0) broken

face, rubbed, and pressed; mixed with sand

grains; 1 percent fiber; friable; massive; slightly

acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: More than 51

inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—muck

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sand, fine sand, or loamy sand
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 49

Braham Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—moderate

or moderately slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Outwash over till

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive

Arenic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Braham loamy fine sand, moderately wet, 2 to 6

percent slopes, 2,440 feet north and 50 feet east of

the southwest corner of sec. 27, T. 31 N., R. 22 W.,

Anoka County; USGS Centerville quadrangle; lat. 45

degrees 8 minutes 43 seconds N. and long. 93

degrees 4 minutes 51 seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—8 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2BE—24 to 29 inches; about 90 percent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam (B);

weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; about

10 percent common thin coatings of clean sand

particles on faces of prisms (E); few dark

concretions 1 to 3 mm in size; about 5 percent

gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt1—29 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; firm; many faint dark brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent gravel;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—38 to 42 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; few fine distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions and brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) iron concentrations; moderate coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; very few faint

dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on vertical

fractures and in root channels; few soft dark

masses 1 to 3 mm in size; about 5 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bk—42 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few soft dark masses 1 to 3 mm in size;

few threads of calcium carbonate on faces of

fractures; about 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 27 to more than 80 inches

Other features: Some pedons have a B/E or BE

horizon, which has colors and textures similar to

those of the B and E horizons.

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or

fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

2Bk or 2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, silt loam, clay

loam, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

1438B—Braham loamy fine sand,

moderately wet, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Composition

Braham and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand
50 Soil Survey of

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 3.5 to 6.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.3 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blomford and similar soils

• Nebish and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Cathro Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow to

moderately rapid; lower part—moderate or

moderately slow

Landform: Moraines and lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials over

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, euic Terric

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Cathro muck, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, 200 feet south and 1,900 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 36, T. 145 N., R. 32 W.,

Hubbard County; USGS Steamboat Lake quadrangle;

lat. 47 degrees 20 minutes 11.6 seconds N. and long.

94 degrees 40 minutes 44.3 seconds W., NAD27:

Oa1—0 to 12 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) muck;

40 percent fiber, 10 percent rubbed; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; common very fine

and fine roots throughout; very strongly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Oa2—12 to 43 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

muck; 25 percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; weak

very thin platy structure; very friable; few very fine

roots throughout; very strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

A—43 to 49 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam;

massive; firm; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Cg—49 to 80 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) sandy loam;

massive; friable; 5 percent gravel; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: 16 to 51 inches

Content of wood fragments: 0 to 15 percent

Oa horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 5YR, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—muck

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, loam, or the mucky analogs of these

textures

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy loam, silt loam,

or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

1439—Cathro muck, depressional, MAP

22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Composition

Cathro and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains and moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 51

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 21.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

72.5 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this map

unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is available

in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of this

publication.

Inclusions

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Corliss Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Parent material: Sandy or gravelly outwash or beach

deposits

Slope range: 1 to 20 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Typic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Corliss loamy coarse sand, in an area of DorsetCorliss complex, 6 to 12 percent slopes, 200 feet

south and 820 feet west of the northeast corner of sec.

8, T. 131 N., R. 37 W., Otter Tail County; USGS

Parkers Prairie quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 10 minutes

47 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 21 minutes 33

seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy

coarse sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) dry; weak

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots throughout; 13 percent

gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—7 to 11 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly

loamy coarse sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

dry; single grain; loose; few fine roots throughout;

27 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bk—11 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; few fine

roots throughout; few white (10YR 8/2) carbonate

coatings on underside of pebbles and rocks; 35

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C1—24 to 28 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; single grain; loose; 6 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C2—28 to 39 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; very few

white (10YR 8/2) carbonate coatings on underside

of pebbles and rocks; 30 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C3—39 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

coarse sand; single grain; loose; 7 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C4—52 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

coarse sand; single grain; loose; very few white

(10YR 8/2) carbonate coatings on underside of

pebbles and rocks; 30 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Content of rock fragments: 10 to 35 percent

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy coarse sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand,

coarse sand, or the gravelly analogs of these

textures

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—coarse sand, sand, or the gravelly

analogs of these textures
52 Soil Survey of

1247D—Corliss-Dorset complex, 12 to 20

percent slopes

Composition

Corliss and similar soils: About 60 percent

Dorset and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Corliss—shoulders and

summits; Dorset—backslopes and footslopes

Slope range: 12 to 20 percent

Component Description

Corliss

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy coarse sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Sandy or gravelly outwash

or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

Dorset

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy

and gravelly outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Dalbo Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; next part—slow

or moderately slow; lower part—moderately slow

or moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 2 to 15 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic Aquertic

Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Dalbo silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 1,800 feet south

and 200 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 4, T.

142 N., R. 38 W., Becker County; USGS Tulaby Lake

quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 8 minutes 47 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 30 minutes 29 seconds W.,

NAD27:

A—0 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—2 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam,

light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; moderate thin platy

structure; friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—6 to 15 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable;

many thin dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on

faces of peds and lining pores; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—15 to 22 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay;

few fine faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) iron

depletions; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; many thin dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films

on faces of peds and lining pores; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

BC—22 to 41 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; few medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) iron depletions and common medium distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron

concentrations; moderate thin platy structure;

friable; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C—41 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

silt loam; common medium faint light brownish

gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions and common
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 53

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; moderate medium platy soil

aggregates; friable; few light gray (10YR 7/2)

filaments and threads of segregated lime; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 42 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, very fine

sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or silt loam

133B—Dalbo silt loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Composition

Dalbo and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on moraines

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Spooner and similar soils

• Sol and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Graycalm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

133C—Dalbo silt loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Composition

Dalbo and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,
54 Soil Survey of

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Spooner and similar soils

• Sol and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Graycalm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Debs Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 1 to 35 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive

Typic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Debs silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, 2,300 feet east

and 1,000 feet north of the southwest corner of sec.

11, T. 145 N., R. 36 W., Clearwater County; USGS

Alida quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 23 minutes 12

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 13 minutes 1 second

W., NAD27:

A—0 to 2 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

very friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—2 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very fine sandy

loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—12 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; many prominent dark brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds and lining pores;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—26 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many prominent dark brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and lining

pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C—32 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

silt loam; massive; very friable; common medium

irregularly shaped filaments and soft masses of

carbonates; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 39 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 2 percent

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—very fine sand, fine sand, very fine

sandy loam, loamy very fine sand, fine sandy

loam, loamy fine sand, or silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, or silt loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—silt loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy

very fine sand, or very fine sand

744B—Debs-Akeley complex, 1 to 8

percent slopes

Composition

Debs and similar soils: About 55 percent

Akeley and similar soils: About 25 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Debs—shoulders and

summits; Akeley—backslopes

Slope range: 1 to 8 percent

Component Description

Debs

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 55

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

Akeley

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over

glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Baudette and similar soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Spooner and similar soils

• Zimmerman and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Dorset Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy and

gravelly outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 20 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Udic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Dorset sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, 1,690 feet

east and 250 feet north of the southwest corner of sec.

13, T. 134 N., R. 41 W., Otter Tail County; USGS

Phelps quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 24 minutes 46

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 47 minutes 42

seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; friable; many fine and very fine

roots; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—9 to 11 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine and very fine roots; 5 percent

gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—11 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; many distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine and very fine roots;

5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—15 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common faint dark yellowish

brown (10YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few

very fine roots; 10 percent gravel; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

2Bk—20 to 38 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) gravelly

coarse sand; single grain; loose; many carbonate

coatings on underside of pebbles; 27 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

diffuse wavy boundary.

2C—38 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; few

carbonate coatings on underside of pebbles; 30

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 36 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1 or 2
56 Soil Survey of

Texture—sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, loam, or coarse sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—gravelly loamy sand or gravelly loamy

coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—gravelly sand or gravelly coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

406A—Dorset sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Composition

Dorset and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy

and gravelly outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Corliss and similar soils

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

778B—Dorset-Corliss complex, 1 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Dorset and similar soils: About 60 percent

Corliss and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Dorset—summits and

backslopes; Corliss—shoulders and summits

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Dorset

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy

and gravelly outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

Corliss

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy coarse sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Sandy or gravelly outwash

or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 57

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

778C—Dorset-Corliss complex, 6 to 12

percent slopes

Composition

Dorset and similar soils: About 55 percent

Corliss and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Dorset—summits and

backslopes; Corliss—shoulders and summits

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Dorset

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy

and gravelly outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

Corliss

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy coarse sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Sandy or gravelly outwash

or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Duelm Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Outwash plains

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed Aquic

Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Duelm loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 1,300 feet

south and 55 feet west of the northeast corner of sec.

9, T. 35 N., R. 30 W., Sherburne County; USGS Cable

quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 32 minutes 28 seconds N.

and long. 94 degrees 4 minutes 7 seconds W.,

NAD27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand,
58 Soil Survey of

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

few very fine roots; 1 percent gravel; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

AB—10 to 16 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy

sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; common fine

distinct dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bw1—16 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) coarse sand; many fine prominent reddish

brown (5YR 4/4) iron concentrations; single grain;

loose; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—20 to 30 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) coarse

sand; many medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) iron concentrations and few fine distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; single

grain; loose; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

C1—30 to 37 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coarse

sand; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) iron concentrations; single grain; loose; 1

percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

C2—37 to 80 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) coarse

sand; common fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) iron depletions and few fine prominent dark

reddish brown (5YR 3/4) iron concentrations;

single grain; loose; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 100 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand,

or coarse sand

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—coarse sand or sand

260—Duelm loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Composition

Duelm and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Swales on outwash plains and valley trains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Isan and similar soils

• Verndale and similar soils

• Nymore and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Eagleview Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Moraines
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 59

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 3 to 65 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Argic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Eagleview loamy sand, in an area of Two InletsEagleview-Steamboat complex, pitted, 3 to 15 percent

slopes, 100 feet south and 1,400 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 17, T. 143 N., R. 35 W.,

Hubbard County; USGS Lake Itasca quadrangle; lat.

47 degrees 12 minutes 37 seconds N. and long. 95

degrees 8 minutes 49 seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak very fine granular structure; very friable; 2

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

E—4 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single

grain; loose; 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw—11 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sand; single grain; loose; 5 percent gravel; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

E&Bt—28 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand (E); single grain; loose; few to many thin

lamellae of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loamy sand (Bt); weak very fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few clay films between sand

grains; 2 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

C1—45 to 68 inches; 10 percent light yellowish brown

(10YR 6/4) sand; single grain; loose; 2 percent

gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—68 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; single grain; loose; 5 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 25 to more than 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy sand

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loamy sand, sand, loamy coarse sand,

or coarse sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—sand or coarse sand

E part of E&Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sand or coarse sand

Bt part of E&Bt horizon:

Special feature—layers 1/16 inch to 2 inches thick

with cumulative thickness of less than 6 inches

within a depth of 80 inches

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sandy

loam, or coarse sandy loam

C horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sand or coarse sand

Egglake Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Mollic Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Egglake loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 2,600 feet south

and 1,600 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 2,

T. 139 N., R. 38 W., Becker County; USGS Ponsford

quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 52 minutes 58 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 26 minutes 33 seconds W.,

NAD27:

A—0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; 4 percent gravel and 1 percent

cobbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

E—4 to 9 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sandy

loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; weak medium platy

structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky;
60 Soil Survey of

very friable; 7 percent gravel and 1 percent

cobbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Btg—9 to 25 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy

clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine prominent dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/4) iron concentrations; few thin very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces

of peds; 7 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg—25 to 34 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

coarse sandy loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; 8 percent gravel and 2 percent

cobbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bkg—34 to 80 inches; mixed light olive gray (5Y 6/2)

and light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) coarse sandy

loam; weak medium platy structure; very friable;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

iron concentrations; common light gray (10YR 7/2)

segregated lime in filaments and threads; 8

percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to more than 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 10 percent

Other features: Some pedons have an E/B, EB, B/E, or

BE horizon, which has colors and textures similar

to those of the E and B horizons.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

Btg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy loam,

or loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or

coarse sandy loam

1200—Egglake loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Composition

Egglake and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Swales on moraines

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Nary and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Steamboat and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Evart Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Sandy alluvium
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 61

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid

Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Evart loam, occasionally flooded, 1,250 feet north and

2,525 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 2, T.

135 N., R. 33 W., Wadena County; USGS Oylen

quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 31 minutes 53 seconds N.

and long. 94 degrees 48 minutes 45 seconds W.,

NAD27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak very thin

platy structure; very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—6 to 11 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; few medium

distinct brown (10YR 5/3) iron concentrations;

weak very thin platy structure; very friable; few

discontinuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

strata; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Cg1—11 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loamy very fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

dry; common medium distinct gray (10YR 4/1) iron

depletions and few medium distinct brown (10YR

5/3) iron concentrations; weak very thin platy

structure; very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Cg2—14 to 18 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; common medium and coarse distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations

and few medium faint light brownish gray (2.5Y

6/2) iron depletions; massive; very friable; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Cg3—18 to 31 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

and light gray (2.5Y 7/2) sand; common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; single grain; loose; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Cg4—31 to 42 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

coarse sand; common coarse distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) iron concentrations; single grain;

loose; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Cg5—42 to 60 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) and

brown (7.5YR 4/4) coarse sand; common coarse

distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron

depletions; single grain; loose; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent gravel;

0 to 3 percent cobbles

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR to 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sand, fine sand, loamy sand, coarse

sand, or the gravelly analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent gravel;

0 to 3 percent cobbles

1968—Evart loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

Composition

Evart and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Sandy textured alluvium

Flooding: Occasional

Water table depth: At the surface to 1 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.9 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

3.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Nidaros and similar soils

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Forest Land” section
62 Soil Survey of

1969—Evart-Isan complex, channeled, 0

to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded

Composition

Evart and similar soils: About 60 percent

Isan and similar soils: About 25 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Evart—depressions on flood plains; Isan—

flats on flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Evart

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Sandy textured alluvium

Flooding: Frequent

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.9 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

3.5 percent (moderate)

Isan

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Sandy outwash or beach

deposits

Flooding: Frequent

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Nidaros and similar soils

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Forest Land” section

Graycalm Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Outwash plains

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 45 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Argic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Graycalm loamy sand, in an area of GraycalmMenahga complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes, 500 feet

north and 2,550 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 18, T. 143 N., R. 32 W., Hubbard County; USGS

Laporte quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 11 minutes 43

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 46 minutes 50

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak very fine granular structure; very friable;

many medium roots; 2 percent gravel; strongly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—3 to 8 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand;

weak medium subangular blocky structure parting

to single grain; very friable; few fine roots; 2

percent gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw2—8 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure

parting to single grain; very friable; 2 percent

gravel; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

E—20 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single

grain; loose; 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; abrupt

wavy boundary.

E&Bt—39 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand

(E); single grain; loose; few to many thin lamellae

of reddish brown (5YR 5/4) loamy sand (Bt); many

clay films between sand grains; 2 percent gravel;

strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 63

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or neutral

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—loamy sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 7

Chroma—4 to 8

Texture—sand or loamy sand

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—sand or loamy sand

E part of E&Bt horizon:

Colors—similar to those of the E horizon

Textures—similar to those of the E horizon

Bt part of E&Bt horizon:

Special feature—layers 1/16 inch to 2 inches thick

with cumulative thickness of less than 6 inches

within a depth of 80 inches

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—loamy sand or sandy loam

C horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—sand or coarse sand

867B—Graycalm-Menahga complex, 1 to

8 percent slopes

Composition

Graycalm and similar soils: About 60 percent

Menahga and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Graycalm—summits and

backslopes; Menahga—backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 1 to 8 percent

Component Description

Graycalm

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Menahga

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

867C—Graycalm-Menahga complex, 8 to

15 percent slopes

Composition

Graycalm and similar soils: About 60 percent

Menahga and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Graycalm—summits and

backslopes; Menahga—backslopes and shoulders
64 Soil Survey of

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Graycalm

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Menahga

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

867E—Graycalm-Menahga complex, 15 to

30 percent slopes

Composition

Graycalm and similar soils: About 50 percent

Menahga and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Graycalm—backslopes;

Menahga—shoulders and summits

Slope range: 15 to 30 percent

Component Description

Graycalm

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Menahga

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 65

867F—Graycalm-Menahga complex, 30 to

45 percent slopes

Composition

Graycalm and similar soils: About 50 percent

Menahga and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Graycalm—backslopes;

Menahga—shoulders and summits

Slope range: 30 to 45 percent

Component Description

Graycalm

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Menahga

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1021C—Graycalm-Sanburn complex, 8 to

15 percent slopes

Composition

Graycalm and similar soils: About 55 percent

Sanburn and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Graycalm—shoulders and

summits; Sanburn—backslopes

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Graycalm

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Sanburn

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils
66 Soil Survey of

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1249C—Graycalm-Bootlake complex, 8 to

15 percent slopes

Composition

Graycalm and similar soils: About 55 percent

Bootlake and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Graycalm—shoulders and

summits; Bootlake—backslopes

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Graycalm

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Bootlake

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Haslie Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate or moderately

rapid; lower part—moderately slow or slow

Landform: Moraines, lake plains, flood plains, and

outwash plains

Parent material: Organic material over coprogenous

earth sediments

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coprogenous, euic Limnic

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Haslie muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

1,600 feet north and 2,160 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 28, T. 147 N., R. 39 W., Polk County;

USGS Fosston East quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 31

minutes 3 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 37

minutes 40 seconds W., NAD27:

Oa1—0 to 12 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) rubbed; about

20 percent fiber, about 5 percent rubbed; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure

parting to weak fine granular; very friable; many

fine roots; few snail shells; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Oa2—12 to 30 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) rubbed; about
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 67

30 percent fiber, about 5 percent rubbed; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; common fine roots; few snail shells;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Cg1—30 to 39 inches; mucky silt loam (coprogenous

earth), about 70 percent olive gray (5Y 4/2) and

about 30 percent olive gray (5Y 5/2); traces of

fiber; massive; very friable; common medium

distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1) iron depletions;

slightly sticky; about 5 percent snail shells and

shell fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg2—39 to 51 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) mucky

silt loam (coprogenous earth); massive; very

friable; common medium distinct olive gray (5Y

5/2) iron depletions; slightly sticky; about 10

percent snail shells and shell fragments; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg3—51 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) mucky silt

loam (coprogenous earth); plant detritus in

channels; massive; very friable; few medium

distinct olive (5Y 5/3) iron concentrations; slightly

sticky; about 7 percent snail shells and shell

fragments; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: 16 to 51 inches

Content of wood fragments: 0 to 15 percent

Oa or Oap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—muck

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or neutral

Value—2 to 7

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—mucky silt loam, mucky silty clay loam,

or silt loam

Content of shell fragments—0 to 15 percent

746—Haslie muck, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes

Composition

Haslie and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on moraines and outwash

plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

coprogenous earth

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 18.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

75 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

1113—Haslie, Seelyeville, and Cathro

soils, ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Composition

Haslie: Variable

Seelyeville: Variable

Cathro: Variable

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains and moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent
68 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Haslie

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

coprogenous earth

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 3 feet above the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 16.7 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

75 percent (very high)

Seelyeville

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Herbaceous organic

material

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 3 feet above the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

Cathro

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Flooding: None

Water table: At the surface to 3 feet above the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 17.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

72.5 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Runeberg and similar soils

• Willosippi and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat (fig. 10)

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

1230—Haslie and Nidaros soils, ponded, 0

to 1 percent slopes

Composition

Haslie: Variable

Nidaros: Variable

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Haslie

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

coprogenous earth

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 3 feet above the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 21.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

75 percent (very high)

Nidaros

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

outwash

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 3 feet above the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 18.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

70 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 69

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Huntersville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—slow or

very slow

Landform: Drumlins and moraines

Parent material: Outwash over till

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive

Aquic Arenic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Huntersville loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes,

1,320 feet south and 495 feet west of the northeast

Figure 10.—An area of Haslie, Seelyeville, and Cathro soils, ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes. Areas of these soils provide important

habitat for wetland wildlife.
70 Soil Survey of

corner of sec. 20, T. 135 N., R. 34 W., Wadena County;

USGS Aldrich North quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 29

minutes 44.5 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 59

minutes 26.4 seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—7 to 12 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand,

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw—12 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy sand; few fine prominent light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions and few fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

20 percent gravel at contact with lower boundary;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt—24 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; common fine distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions and common fine

distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few faint dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

2Cd1—40 to 64 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; common medium prominent light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions and

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

concentrations; weak thick platy soil fragments;

very firm; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cd2—64 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) sandy loam; common medium or fine faint

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron concentrations;

weak thick platy soil fragments; very firm; 3

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 40 to more than 60 inches

Depth to dense till: 40 to 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent

Other features: Some pedons have an E/B, EB, B/E, or

BE horizon, which has colors and textures similar

to those of the E and B horizons.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy fine sand or loamy sand

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or

fine sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sand or loamy sand

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or

clay loam

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy loam or loamy sand

139B—Huntersville loamy fine sand, 1 to

6 percent slopes

Composition

Huntersville and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Drumlins

Position on the landform: Backslopes and footslopes

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 71

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Staples and similar soils

• Redeye and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1334—Huntersville loamy sand, 1 to 3

percent slopes

Composition

Huntersville and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on moraines

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.6 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Staples and similar soils

• Redeye and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Isan Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and flood plains

Parent material: Sandy outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic

Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Isan loamy sand, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

1,890 feet south and 100 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 26, T. 139 N., R. 34 W., Hubbard County;

USGS Huntersville quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 49

minutes 45 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 57

minutes 12 seconds W., NAD27:

A1—0 to 2 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy

sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

many fine roots; 1 percent gravel; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A2—2 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; few fine distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) iron concentrations;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

many fine roots; 1 percent gravel; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

A3—9 to 11 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy

sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; few fine distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine roots; 2

percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg—11 to 15 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loamy sand; few fine prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 3/4) iron concentrations; weak fine
72 Soil Survey of

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg1—15 to 32 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sand;

few medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

iron concentrations; single grain; loose; 2 percent

gravel; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg2—32 to 45 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

coarse sand; common medium distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; single grain;

loose; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg3—45 to 80 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) coarse sand;

common medium prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; single grain; loose;

5 percent gravel; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loamy sand or sandy loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loamy sand, sand, coarse sand, or

loamy coarse sand

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sand or coarse sand

261—Isan loamy sand, depressional, 0 to

1 percent slopes

Composition

Isan and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Sandy outwash or beach

deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Duelm and similar soils

• Nidaros and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Lengby Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; lower part—

moderately rapid or rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and moraines

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 2 to 15 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Typic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Lengby fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, 2,400

feet south and 400 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 25, T. 150 N., R. 36 W., Clearwater County; USGS

Bagley Lake quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 46 minutes

59 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 11 minutes 43

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; 1 percent gravel; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—3 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand,
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 73

pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; 1 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—11 to 15 inches; about 90 percent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam (B), about 10

percent brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand (E);

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—15 to 22 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct dark brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 2 percent

gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—22 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

C1—26 to 35 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sandy loam; massive; very friable; common

medium irregularly shaped seams and soft

masses of carbonates; 6 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C2—35 to 42 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; massive; very friable; common medium

irregularly shaped seams and soft masses of

carbonates; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

C3—42 to 48 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; massive; very friable; common

medium irregularly shaped seams and soft

masses of carbonates; 4 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C4—48 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand;

single grain; loose; disseminated carbonates;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 18 to 40 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent

Other features: Some pedons have an E/B, EB, B/E, or

BE horizon, which has colors and textures similar

to those of the E and B horizons.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand,

sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, fine sandy loam, or

sandy clay loam

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—stratified sand, coarse sand, fine sand,

loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, and

silt loam

709B—Lengby fine sandy loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Composition

Lengby and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.5 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.
74 Soil Survey of

Inclusions

• Zerkel and similar soils

• Sol and similar soils

• Willosippi and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

709C—Lengby fine sandy loam, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Composition

Lengby and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.5 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Zerkel and similar soils

• Sol and similar soils

• Willosippi and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Lupton Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid

Landform: Lake plains, outwash plains, and moraines

Parent material: Woody organic material

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic Typic Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Lupton muck, in an area of Mooselake and Lupton

soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, 1,300 feet north and 1,500

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 34, T. 143 N.,

R. 32 W., Hubbard County; USGS Benedict

quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 9 minutes 14 seconds N.

and long. 94 degrees 43 minutes 16 seconds W.,

NAD27:

Oa1—0 to 10 inches; muck, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) broken face, black (N 2/0) rubbed and

pressed; about 50 percent fiber, about 15 percent

rubbed; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

few medium roots; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Oa2—10 to 22 inches; muck, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) broken face, black (10YR 2/1) rubbed

and pressed; about 25 percent fiber, about 15

percent rubbed; weak very fine granular structure;

very friable; few coarse roots; strongly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Oa3—22 to 48 inches; muck, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

broken face, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

rubbed and pressed; about 40 percent fiber, about

15 percent rubbed; massive; very friable; strongly

acid; diffuse wavy boundary.

Oa4—48 to 80 inches; muck, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

broken face, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) rubbed

and pressed; about 25 percent fiber, about 5

percent rubbed; massive; very friable; moderately

acid.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 75

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: More than 51

inches

Content of wood fragments: 0 to 30 percent

Oa horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 5YR, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—muck

Markey Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow to

moderately rapid; lower part—rapid or very rapid

Landform: Lake plains and outwash plains

Parent material: Organic materials over outwash

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy or sandy-skeletal,

mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Markey muck, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1

percent slopes, 1,800 feet north and 1,400 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 2, T. 145 N., R. 32 W.,

Hubbard County; USGS Andrusia Lake quadrangle;

lat. 47 degrees 24 minutes 0 seconds N. and long. 94

degrees 41 minutes 40 seconds W., NAD27:

Oa1—0 to 15 inches; muck, very dark brown (10YR

2/2) broken face, black (10YR 2/1) rubbed; about

25 percent fiber, about 10 percent rubbed; weak

fine granular structure; very friable; 3 percent

wood fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Oa2—15 to 26 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face, black (10YR 2/1) rubbed; about 10 percent

fiber, about 3 percent rubbed; weak medium platy

structure; very friable; strongly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Cg1—26 to 55 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) sand; single

grain; loose; 3 percent gravel; moderately acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Cg2—55 to 80 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) sand; single grain;

loose; 3 percent gravel; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: 16 to 51 inches

Content of wood fragments: 0 to 15 percent

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—muck

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 4

Texture—sand, fine sand, coarse sand, loamy

sand, or gravelly loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

1445—Markey muck, depressional, MAP

22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Composition

Markey and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains and outwash

plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

outwash

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 12.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

70 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:
76 Soil Survey of

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Meehan Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid

Landform: Outwash plains

Parent material: Outwash

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Aquic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Meehan loamy sand, MAP 22-30, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, 1,350 feet south and 975 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 27, T. 143 N., R. 32 W.,

Hubbard County; USGS Benedict quadrangle; lat. 47

degrees 10 minutes 31.8 seconds N. and long. 94

degrees 42 minutes 37.2 seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

many medium roots; 1 percent gravel; strongly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—6 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure

parting to single grain; very friable; many medium

roots; 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw2—14 to 22 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy

sand; few fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR

6/8) iron concentrations; weak fine subangular

blocky structure parting to single grain; very

friable; few fine roots; 1 percent gravel; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg—22 to 38 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sand; many medium prominent reddish yellow

(7.5YR 6/8) iron concentrations; single grain;

loose; 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg1—38 to 62 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) sand;

single grain; loose; 1 percent gravel; moderately

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg2—62 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sand; single grain; loose; 1 percent gravel;

moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 8

Texture—sand, loamy sand, coarse sand, or

loamy coarse sand

Bg horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—sand, loamy sand, coarse sand, loamy

coarse sand

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2

Texture—sand or coarse sand

202—Meehan loamy sand, MAP 22-30,

0 to 3 percent slopes

Composition

Meehan and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.75 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 77

• Roscommon and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Menahga Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Outwash plains

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 1 to 45 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Typic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Menahga loamy sand, in an area of GraycalmMenahga complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes, 200 feet

north and 400 feet west of the southeast corner of sec.

9, T. 143 N., R. 34 W., Hubbard County; USGS Lake

George quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 12 minutes 39.5

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 59 minutes 5.5

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy

sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 1

percent gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw—3 to 17 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure

parting to single grain; very friable; common fine

roots; 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

C1—17 to 37 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

sand; single grain; loose; few coarse roots; 1

percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

C2—37 to 64 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; single grain; loose; few coarse roots; 1

percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

C3—64 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; single grain; loose; few coarse roots; 5

percent gravel; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sand, loamy sand, coarse sand, or

loamy coarse sand

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—coarse sand or sand

Mooselake Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Landform: Moraines, outwash plains, and lake plains

Parent material: Woody organic material

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic Typic Borohemists

Typical Pedon

Mooselake mucky peat, in an area of Mooselake and

Lupton soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, 2,300 feet south

and 2,550 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 16,

T. 145 N., R. 32 W., Hubbard County; USGS

Steamboat Lake quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 22

minutes 28.4 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 44

minutes 46.5 seconds W., NAD27:

Oe1—0 to 10 inches; mucky peat, very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) broken face and rubbed; about 60

percent fiber, about 20 percent rubbed; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; woody

fiber; about 15 percent mineral material; about 10

percent wood fragments; very strongly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Oe2—10 to 34 inches; mucky peat, very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) broken face and rubbed; about 75

percent fiber, about 35 percent rubbed; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; woody

fiber; about 15 percent mineral material; about 10

percent wood fragments; very strongly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.
78 Soil Survey of

Oe3—34 to 64 inches; mucky peat, dark brown (7.5YR

3/2) broken face, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) rubbed;

about 60 percent fiber, about 25 percent rubbed;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; woody

fiber; about 15 percent mineral material; about 5

percent wood fragments; strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Oe4—64 to 80 inches; mucky peat, very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) broken face, black (10YR 2/1) rubbed;

about 50 percent fiber, about 20 percent rubbed;

weak very thin platy structure; very friable;

herbaceous fiber; about 2 percent wood

fragments; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: More than 51

inches

Content of wood fragments: 0 to 10 percent

Oe horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—mucky peat

797—Mooselake and Lupton soils, 0 to 1

percent slopes

Composition

Mooselake: Variable

Lupton: Variable

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains, outwash plains,

and moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Mooselake

Texture of the surface layer: Mucky peat

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Woody organic material

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 27.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

Lupton

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Woody organic material

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

80 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Forest Land” section

Nary Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Glossaquic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Nary fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, 2,600

feet west and 2,300 feet south of the northeast corner

of sec. 27, T. 148 N., R. 36 W., Clearwater County;

USGS Solway quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 36 minutes

33 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 14 minutes 17

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; 3 percent gravel; 10 percent

cobbles; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 79

E—3 to 15 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy

fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

3 percent gravel; 10 percent cobbles; moderately

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

B/E—15 to 24 inches; 70 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam (B), 30 percent

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam (E); few

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; 3 percent gravel; 5

percent cobbles; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt—24 to 36 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy

clay loam; common medium faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions and common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; strong medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct dark brown

(10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds and lining

pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

C—36 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy

loam; common medium distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions and common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; massive; friable; common medium

irregularly shaped seams and soft masses of

carbonates; 8 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 60 inches

Other features: Most pedons have an E/B, EB, B/E, or

BE horizon, which has colors and textures similar

to those of the E and B horizons.

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent gravel;

0 to 35 percent cobbles

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy

loam, sandy loam, or the cobbly analogs of

these textures

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent gravel;

0 to 35 percent cobbles

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, or

loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent gravel;

0 to 1 percent cobbles

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent gravel;

0 to 1 percent cobbles

1294—Nary fine sandy loam, 1 to 3

percent slopes

Composition

Nary and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on moraines

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.8 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Sol and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils
80 Soil Survey of

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Nebish Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate or moderately

rapid; lower part—moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 2 to 12 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Typic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Nebish very fine sandy loam, moderately wet, 2 to 6

percent slopes, 1,600 feet north and 1,300 feet east of

the southwest corner of sec. 15, T. 145 N., R. 33 W.,

Hubbard County; USGS Guthrie quadrangle; lat. 47

degrees 22 minutes 18 seconds N. and long. 94

degrees 51 minutes 27 seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) very fine

sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; many very fine to

medium roots throughout; 2 percent gravel; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—6 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very fine sandy

loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak thin

platy structure parting to weak very fine

subangular blocky; friable; many very fine and fine

roots throughout; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bt1—12 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots throughout; few

distinct discontinuous brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films

on faces of peds and many distinct discontinuous

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt coatings on

faces of peds; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2—22 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common distinct discontinuous brown (7.5YR 4/4)

clay films on faces of peds and few distinct

discontinuous light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt

coatings on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

BC—32 to 37 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few distinct discontinuous dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) clay films in root channels and

lining pores; common fine rounded masses of

iron-manganese accumulation; 8 percent gravel;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

C1—37 to 67 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) loam;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

iron concentrations; massive; friable; few distinct

discontinuous light gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate

coatings throughout; common fine rounded

masses of iron-manganese accumulation; 5

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—67 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

sandy loam; massive; friable; common distinct

discontinuous light gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate

coatings throughout; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to more than 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 10 percent

Other features: Some pedons have a B/E or BE

horizon, which has colors and textures similar to

those of the B and E horizons.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—very fine sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—very fine sandy loam, sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 81

1460B—Nebish very fine sandy loam,

moderately wet, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Composition

Nebish and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 3.5 to 6.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Beltrami and similar soils

• Talmoon and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1460C—Nebish very fine sandy loam, 6 to

12 percent slopes

Composition

Nebish and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Beltrami and similar soils

• Talmoon and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Nidaros Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow to

moderately rapid; lower part—moderate to rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and flood plains

Parent material: Organic materials over outwash

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, euic Terric

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Nidaros muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

275 feet east and 1,350 feet north of the southwest
82 Soil Survey of

corner of sec. 15, T. 134 N., R. 38 W., Otter Tail

County; USGS Heinola quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 24

minutes 59 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 28

minutes 6 seconds W., NAD27:

Oa1—0 to 20 inches; muck, black (5YR 2/1) broken

face, black (10YR 2/1) rubbed; about 6 percent

fiber, about 5 percent rubbed; strong medium

granular structure; very friable; fibers are primarily

herbaceous; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Oa2—20 to 27 inches; muck, black (7.5YR 2/0) broken

face and rubbed; about 10 percent fiber, about 2

percent rubbed; strong very thick platy structure;

friable; fibers are primarily herbaceous; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

A1—27 to 33 inches; black (2.5Y 2/0) sandy clay loam;

massive; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A2—33 to 38 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) sandy loam;

massive; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cg—38 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) sand; single

grain; loose; 3 percent gravel; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: 16 to 51 inches

Content of wood fragments: 0 to 15 percent

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—muck

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, loam, coarse sandy loam, silty clay loam,

silt loam, or the mucky analogs of these

textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Cg horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, loam, coarse sandy loam, silty clay loam,

or silt

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—sand, coarse sand, fine sand, loamy

sand, or the gravelly analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent

1111—Nidaros muck, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, frequently flooded

Composition

Nidaros and similar soils: About 75 percent

Inclusions: About 25 percent

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

outwash

Flooding: Frequent

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 15.1 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

70 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

• Bowstring and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

1136—Nidaros muck, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes

Composition

Nidaros and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 83

Setting

Landform: Depressions on outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

outwash

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 13.9 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

70 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Nymore Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Outwash plains

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 1 to 20 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Typic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Nymore loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes, 225 feet

north and 950 feet west of the southeast corner of sec.

30, T. 135 N., R. 34 W., Wadena County; USGS

Verndale quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 28 minutes 16.2

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 0 minutes 47.1

seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BA—8 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and dark brown

(10YR 3/3) sand; single grain; loose; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—11 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sand; single grain; loose; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw2—23 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; single grain; loose; 1 percent gravel; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

C—33 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; single grain; loose; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 48 to more than 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy sand

B horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand,

or coarse sand

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—sand or coarse sand

207B—Nymore loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Composition

Nymore and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent
84 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Verndale and similar soils

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

207C—Nymore loamy sand, 6 to 12

percent slopes

Composition

Nymore and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Shoulders and summits

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Verndale and similar soils

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

207D—Nymore loamy sand, 12 to 20

percent slopes

Composition

Nymore and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 12 to 20 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 85

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Verndale and similar soils

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1248C—Nymore-Verndale complex, 6 to

12 percent slopes

Composition

Nymore and similar soils: About 55 percent

Verndale and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Nymore—shoulders and

summits; Verndale—backslopes

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Nymore

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

Verndale

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy

outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Paddock Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; lower part—very

slow

Landform: Drumlins

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Udollic Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Paddock fine sandy loam, in an area of PaddockBecida complex, stony, 2,125 feet south and 175 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 137 N., R.

36 W., Otter Tail County; USGS Sebeka NW

quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 39 minutes 11 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 13 minutes 35 seconds W.,

NAD27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine

sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

fine granular structure; very friable; 2 percent

gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

EB—8 to 15 inches; about 80 percent brown (10YR

5/3) sandy loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

dry; about 20 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy loam (B); common medium distinct
86 Soil Survey of

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions and

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) iron concentrations; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; 2 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—15 to 21 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy

loam; common coarse prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) and common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; common faint discontinuous grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—21 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

iron depletions and common medium prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/6) iron concentrations; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint

discontinuous grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films

between sand grains; 2 percent gravel; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—28 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; common coarse prominent grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions and common

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few faint discontinuous dark

brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films in root channels

and/or pores; 3 percent gravel; moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

BC—36 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct discontinuous

dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films in root channels

and/or pores; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Cd1—40 to 46 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

sandy loam; moderate thin platy structure; very

firm; 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cd2—46 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

sandy loam; moderate thin platy structure; very

firm; 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 40 to more than 60 inches

Depth to dense till: 40 to 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 15 percent

Other features: Most pedons have an EB, BE, or B/E

horizon, which has colors and textures similar to

those of the E and B horizons.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam or loamy sand

1321—Paddock-Becida complex, 0 to 2

percent slopes, stony

Composition

Paddock and similar soils: About 45 percent

Becida and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Drumlins

Position on the landform: Footslopes and toeslopes

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Paddock

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

Becida

Texture of the surface layer: Loam
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 87

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Perched

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1030—Pits, gravel-Udipsamments

complex

Composition

Pits, gravel: About 50 percent

Udipsamments: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, lake plains, and moraines

Slope range: 1 to 50 percent

Component Description

Pits, gravel

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Udipsamments

Texture of the surface layer: Sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.0 inches (low)

Inclusions

• Poorly drained and moderately well drained areas

Potatolake Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; lower part—rapid

or very rapid

Landform: Lake plains, outwash plains, and moraines

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over

outwash

Slope range: 1 to 15 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive

Aquic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Potatolake very fine sandy loam, 1 to 8 percent

slopes, 2,200 feet south and 1,400 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 8, T. 141 N., R. 35 W.,

Hubbard County; USGS Two Inlets quadrangle; lat. 47

degrees 2 minutes 47.5 seconds N. and long. 95

degrees 8 minutes 40.9 seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

very fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure;

friable; many very fine and fine roots; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

E—9 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very fine sandy

loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak thin platy

structure parting to weak very fine subangular

blocky; friable; many very fine and fine roots;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—15 to 24 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; many faint dark brown (10YR 3/3)

clay films on faces of peds and in pores; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—24 to 30 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

iron depletions; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common faint olive brown

(2.5Y 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bk—30 to 50 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4),

stratified fine sandy loam, loamy very fine sand,

and silt loam; many medium distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions and common fine

distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron
88 Soil Survey of

concentrations; massive; very friable; many light

gray (2.5Y 7/2) carbonate coatings; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2C1—50 to 57 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4),

stratified fine sand, sand, and very fine sand;

common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

iron depletions; single grain; loose; few light gray

(2.5Y 7/2) carbonate coatings in strata; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2C2—57 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6), stratified sand

and coarse sand; few fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations; single grain;

loose; 7 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to more than 60 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—very fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silt loam, fine sandy loam, or very fine

sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 5

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, or very fine

sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

2Bk horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified very fine sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, silt loam, loamy very fine sand,

very fine sand, fine sand, sand, or the gravelly

analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 8

Texture—stratified sand, coarse sand, fine sand,

very fine sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand,

loamy very fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, silt, or the

gravelly analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

820B—Potatolake very fine sandy loam, 1

to 8 percent slopes

Composition

Potatolake and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on moraines and outwash plains

Slope range: 1 to 8 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over outwash

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

2.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Willosippi and similar soils

• Debs and similar soils

• Steamboat and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 89

820C—Potatolake very fine sandy loam, 8

to 15 percent slopes

Composition

Potatolake and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, lake plains, and moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and footslopes

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over outwash

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

2.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Willosippi and similar soils

• Debs and similar soils

• Steamboat and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Redeye Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—slow or

very slow

Landform: Drumlins and moraines

Parent material: Outwash over till

Slope range: 1 to 15 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive

Arenic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Redeye loamy sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes, 250 feet

south and 25 feet east of the northwest corner of sec.

23, T. 138 N., R. 34 W., Wadena County; USGS

Huntersville quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 45 minutes 38

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 57 minutes 15

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; very friable; strongly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—3 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand, pale brown

(10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; 1 percent gravel; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw—18 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; 5 percent gravel; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt1—26 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure;

friable; common pale yellow (10YR 6/3) clean

sand coatings on faces of peds; common faint

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; 3 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—38 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy loam; weak thick platy structure parting

to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm;

common faint dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; 3 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Cd—52 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) sandy loam; massive breaking to moderate

thick platy soil fragments; very firm; 3 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 40 to more than 60 inches

Depth to dense till: 40 to 60 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3
90 Soil Survey of

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or

fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sand or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 20 percent

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—4 or 5

Texture—sandy loam, loamy sand, or the gravelly

analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—2 to 20 percent

82B—Redeye loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent

slopes

Composition

Redeye and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Drumlins

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Huntersville and similar soils

• Staples and similar soils

• Graycalm and similar soils

• Rockwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

82C—Redeye loamy sand, 6 to 12 percent

slopes

Composition

Redeye and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Drumlins

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 91

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Huntersville and similar soils

• Staples and similar soils

• Graycalm and similar soils

• Rockwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1440B—Redeye loamy sand, morainic, 3

to 8 percent slopes

Composition

Redeye and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 3 to 8 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Huntersville and similar soils

• Staples and similar soils

• Graycalm and similar soils

• Rockwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1440C—Redeye loamy sand, morainic, 8

to 15 percent slopes

Composition

Redeye and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Huntersville and similar soils

• Staples and similar soils

• Graycalm and similar soils

• Rockwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land
92 Soil Survey of

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Rifle Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Landform: Moraines, outwash plains, and lake plains

Parent material: Herbaceous organic materials

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic Typic Borohemists

Typical Pedon

Rifle mucky peat, 2,100 feet north and 200 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 31, T. 140 N., R. 40 W.,

Becker County; USGS Richwood quadrangle; lat. 46

degrees 53 minutes 47 seconds N. and long. 95

degrees 46 minutes 26 seconds W., NAD27:

Oe1—0 to 14 inches; mucky peat, dark reddish brown

(5YR 2/2) broken face and rubbed; about 70

percent fiber, about 20 percent rubbed; massive;

friable; primarily herbaceous fibers; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Oe2—14 to 40 inches; mucky peat, dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/2) broken face and rubbed; about

70 percent fiber, about 30 percent rubbed;

massive; friable; primarily herbaceous fibers;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Oe3—40 to 60 inches; mucky peat, dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/2) broken face and rubbed; about

65 percent fiber, about 25 percent rubbed;

massive; friable; primarily herbaceous fibers;

moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: Greater than 51

inches

Content of wood fragments: 0 to 10 percent

Oe horizon:

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—mucky peat

541—Rifle mucky peat, depressional,

MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Composition

Rifle and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains, outwash plains,

and moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Mucky peat

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Herbaceous organic

material

Flooding: None

Water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 31.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

87 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Haslie and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Rockwood Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; lower part—slow

or very slow

Landform: Drumlins and moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 2 to 30 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Mollic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Rockwood sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, stony,
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 93

50 feet south and 1,220 feet west of the northeast

corner of sec. 18, T. 132 N., R. 34 W., Todd County;

USGS Bertha quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 15 minutes

7.5 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 0 minutes 14.2

seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; 8 percent

gravel; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—8 to 16 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

weak medium platy structure; friable; common fine

roots; about 9 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

BE1—16 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy loam (B); weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; many light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand coatings on faces

of peds (E); 13 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

BE2—24 to 37 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy loam (B); weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand coatings on faces

of peds (E); common dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay

films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt—37 to 46 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; very few fine roots; common dark

yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) clay films on faces of

peds; common very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) clay films in channels and pores; 10 percent

gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cd—46 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; thin platy soil fragments; firm;

common very pale brown (10YR 7/3) concretions;

10 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 60 inches

Depth to dense till: 40 to 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 15 percent

Other features: Most pedons have an E/B, EB, B/E, or

BE horizon, which has colors and textures similar

to those of the E and B horizons.

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy loam or loamy sand

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam

Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam or loamy sand

1319B—Rockwood sandy loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes, stony

Composition

Rockwood and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Drumlins

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.4 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Redeye and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland
94 Soil Survey of

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1319C—Rockwood sandy loam, 6 to 12

percent slopes, stony

Composition

Rockwood and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Drumlins

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.4 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Redeye and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1319D—Rockwood sandy loam, 12 to 20

percent slopes, stony

Composition

Rockwood and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Drumlins

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 12 to 20 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.4 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Redeye and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1332B—Rockwood fine sandy loam,

morainic, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony

Composition

Rockwood and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 95

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 3 to 8 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1332C—Rockwood fine sandy loam,

morainic, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony

Composition

Rockwood and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1332E—Rockwood fine sandy loam,

morainic, 15 to 30 percent slopes,

stony

Composition

Rockwood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 15 to 30 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in
96 Soil Survey of

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1421B—Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic,

complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony

Composition

Rockwood and similar soils: About 55 percent

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Rockwood—summits and

backslopes; Two Inlets—backslopes and

shoulders

Slope range: 3 to 8 percent

Component Description

Rockwood

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Becida and similar soils

• Blowers and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1421C—Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic,

complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony

Composition

Rockwood and similar soils: About 50 percent

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Rockwood—summits and

backslopes; Two Inlets—backslopes and

shoulders

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Rockwood

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 97

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Becida and similar soils

• Blowers and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1421E—Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic,

complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes,

stony

Composition

Rockwood and similar soils: About 50 percent

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Rockwood—summits and

backslopes; Two Inlets—backslopes and

shoulders

Slope range: 15 to 30 percent

Component Description

Rockwood

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Graycalm and similar soils

• Blowers and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Rondeau Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow to

moderately rapid; lower part—slow or very slow

Landform: Outwash plains and moraines

Parent material: Organic materials over marl

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Marly, euic Limnic

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Rondeau muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes,
98 Soil Survey of

2,200 feet south and 1,300 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 30, T. 31 N., R. 22 W., Anoka County;

USGS Circle Pines quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 8

minutes 31 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 7

minutes 54 seconds W., NAD27:

Oa—0 to 9 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face and rubbed; about 10 percent fiber, trace

rubbed; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

herbaceous fiber; about 25 percent mineral

material; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Oe—9 to 16 inches; mucky peat, dark brown (10YR

3/2) broken face, very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

rubbed; about 40 percent fiber, about 15 percent

rubbed; weak medium platy structure; very friable;

herbaceous fiber; about 15 percent mineral

material; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

O ́a1—16 to 37 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face and rubbed; less than 5 percent fiber;

massive; very friable; herbaceous fiber; about 35

percent mineral material; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

O ́a2—37 to 42 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face, black (10YR 2/1) rubbed; about 20 percent

fiber, about 5 percent rubbed; massive; very

friable; herbaceous fiber; about 25 percent mineral

material; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

O ́a3—42 to 44 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face and rubbed; about 10 percent fiber, about 5

percent rubbed; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; herbaceous fiber; about 40

percent mineral material; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Cg1—44 to 49 inches; black (N 2/0) and very dark

gray (N 3/0) coprogenous earth; trace of fiber;

massive; friable; slightly sticky; about 5 percent

shells and shell fragments 1 to 3 mm in size; about

70 percent mineral material; violently effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg2—49 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 7/1) marl; few fine

prominent light olive gray (2.5Y 5/4) iron

concentrations; massive; friable; slightly sticky;

about 5 percent plant detritus; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: 16 to 51 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—muck

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—marl

545—Rondeau muck, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes

Composition

Rondeau and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on moraines and outwash

plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over marl

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 21.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

719B—Rondeau muck (seepland), 1 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Rondeau and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 99

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on outwash plains

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over marl

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 2 feet below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Brief

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 16.7 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Isan and similar soils

• Spooner and similar soils

• Meehan and similar soils

• Nidaros and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Forest Land” section

Roscommon Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and lake plains

Parent material: Glaciofluvial deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Mollic

Psammaquents

Typical Pedon

Roscommon loamy sand, 1,800 feet south and 1,300

feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 22, T. 150 N.,

R. 36 W., Clearwater County; USGS Bagley Lake

quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 47 minutes 57 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 14 minutes 30 seconds W.,

NAD27:

A—0 to 6 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; 1 percent gravel; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Cg1—6 to 24 inches; pale brown (2.5Y 6/3) sand;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

4/6) iron concentrations; single grain; loose; 1

percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2—24 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

sand; many coarse prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 4/6) iron concentrations; single grain;

loose; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loamy sand or mucky loamy sand

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, or

loamy coarse sand

1271—Roscommon mucky loamy sand,

depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1

percent slopes

Composition

Roscommon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains and outwash

plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Mucky loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciofluvial deposits

Flooding: None

Water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long
100 Soil Survey of

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.6 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

9.5 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Markey and similar soils

• Meehan and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

1943—Roscommon loamy sand, MAP

22-30, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Composition

Roscommon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Swales on outwash plains and lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciofluvial deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Markey and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Runeberg Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or slow

Landform: Drumlins and moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Runeberg mucky loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, 2,500 feet south and 2,380 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 13, T. 137 N., R. 36 W., Otter

Tail County; USGS Sebeka NW quadrangle; lat. 46

degrees 40 minutes 53 seconds N. and long. 95

degrees 10 minutes 23 seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 10 inches; black (N 2/0) mucky loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg1—10 to 14 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; few

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; 1 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—14 to 21 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy

loam; common medium prominent brown (7.5YR

5/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; 1 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg3—21 to 36 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy

loam; common coarse prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; 1 percent

gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—36 to 48 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

sandy loam; few medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations; massive; friable;

few light gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate

concentrations; 1 percent gravel; slightly
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 101

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg2—48 to 60 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) sandy

loam; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) iron concentrations; massive; firm; few light

gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate concentrations; 2

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 36 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 20 inches

Content of rock fragments: 3 to 15 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—mucky loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy loam

701—Runeberg mucky loam,

depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Composition

Runeberg and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on drumlins and moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Mucky loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.3 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 8

percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Blowers and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Sanburn Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid or very rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 30 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Typic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Sanburn loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, 100 feet

east and 1,000 feet north of the southwest corner of

sec. 26, T. 138 N., R. 30 W., Cass County; USGS Pine

River quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 44 minutes 9.2

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 27 minutes 3.2

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; many very fine roots; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E1—2 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

E2—6 to 15 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky
102 Soil Survey of

structure; friable; common fine roots; 2 percent

gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—15 to 21 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; few dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 8

percent gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2BC—21 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; 8 percent

gravel; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2C1—33 to 40 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) sand; single grain; loose; 5 percent gravel;

strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2C2—40 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand;

single grain; loose; 3 percent gravel; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand or very stony loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, fine

sandy loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or coarse

sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

2BC horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sand, coarse sand, gravelly sand, or

gravelly coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sand, coarse sand, gravelly sand, or

gravelly coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent

731A—Sanburn loamy sand, 0 to 3

percent slopes

Composition

Sanburn and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Graycalm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

844B—Sanburn-Graycalm complex, 3 to 8

percent slopes

Composition

Sanburn and similar soils: About 55 percent

Graycalm and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 103

Position on the landform: Sanburn—summits and

backslopes; Graycalm—backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 3 to 8 percent

Component Description

Sanburn

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Graycalm

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1450B—Sanburn very stony loamy sand,

1 to 8 percent slopes, bouldery

Composition

Sanburn and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 1 to 8 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very stony loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Graycalm and similar soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1450C—Sanburn very stony loamy sand,

8 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery

Composition

Sanburn and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent
104 Soil Survey of

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very stony loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Graycalm and similar soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1450E—Sanburn very stony loamy sand,

15 to 30 percent slopes, bouldery

Composition

Sanburn and similar soils: About 80 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 15 to 30 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very stony loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Graycalm and similar soils

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Seelyeville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid to moderately slow

Landform: Outwash plains, flood plains, glacial lake

plains, and moraines

Parent material: Herbaceous organic materials

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic Typic Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Seelyeville muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes, 1,300 feet

south and 800 feet east of the northwest corner of sec.

34, T. 33 N., R. 26 W., Sherburne County; USGS Elk

River quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 18 minutes 37

seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 34 minutes 8

seconds W., NAD27:

Oa1—0 to 10 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face; about 20 percent fiber, about 5 percent

rubbed; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Oa2—10 to 19 inches; muck, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

broken face, black (10YR 2/1) rubbed; about 30

percent fiber, about 2 percent rubbed; weak
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 105

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Oa3—19 to 35 inches; muck, very dark brown (10YR

2/2) broken face, black (10YR 2/1) rubbed; about

50 percent fiber, about 15 percent rubbed;

massive; very friable; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Oa4—35 to 42 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face and rubbed; about 6 percent fiber, about 1

percent rubbed; massive; friable; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Oa5—42 to 80 inches; muck, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

broken face, black (10YR 2/1) rubbed; about 15

percent fiber, about 2 percent rubbed; massive;

friable; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: More than 51

inches

Content of wood fragments: 0 to 5 percent

Oa horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—muck

540—Seelyeville muck, depressional,

MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Composition

Seelyeville and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains, outwash plains,

and moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Herbaceous organic

material

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Haslie and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

799—Seelyeville and Bowstring soils, 0 to

1 percent slopes, frequently flooded

Composition

Seelyeville: Variable

Bowstring: Variable

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Seelyeville

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Herbaceous organic

material

Flooding: Frequent

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

Bowstring

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials stratified

with thin layers of sandy or loamy materials
106 Soil Survey of

Flooding: Frequent

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 21.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

65 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Snellman Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Typic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Snellman sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, 600 feet

east and 1,300 feet north of the southwest corner of

sec. 6, T. 139 N., R. 37 W., Becker County; USGS

Ponsford quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 52 minutes 45

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 24 minutes 45

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; 3 percent gravel; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E1—2 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand, light

gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak thin platy structure;

very friable; 3 percent gravel; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

E2—8 to 16 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy

sand, white (10YR 8/1) dry; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; 3 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—16 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many thin light yellowish

brown (10YR 6/4) sand and silt coatings on faces

of peds and in pores; 4 percent gravel; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—18 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy clay loam; moderate coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; many thick distinct very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces

of peds; 4 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bk—31 to 41 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

sandy loam; moderate medium platy structure;

friable; many light gray (10YR 7/2) filaments and

threads of calcium carbonate; 7 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

C—41 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy

loam; massive; friable; few light gray (10YR 7/2)

filaments and threads of calcium carbonate; 7

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 15 percent

Other features: Some pedons have an EB, BE, or B/E

horizon, which has colors and textures similar to

those of the E and B horizons.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy

loam, or fine sandy loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy clay loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 107

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, or loam

267B—Snellman sandy loam, 2 to 8

percent slopes

Composition

Snellman and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.1 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Nary and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Sol Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 2 to 30 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Glossic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Sol fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, 1,700 feet

west and 500 feet north of the southeast corner of sec.

23, T. 148 N., R. 36 W., Clearwater County; USGS

Solway quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 37 minutes 1

second N. and long. 95 degrees 12 minutes 46

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy

loam, light gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; 3 percent gravel; 10 percent

cobbles; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—3 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam,

very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; 3 percent

gravel; 10 percent cobbles; moderately acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

B/E—14 to 24 inches; about 70 percent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam (Bt); about 30

percent brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam, very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry (E); moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few prominent

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on

faces of peds; 4 percent gravel; moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt—24 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and

lining pores; 4 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

C—38 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; massive; very friable; common

medium irregularly shaped seams and soft

masses of carbonates; 10 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 60 inches

Other features: Most pedons have an E/B, EB, B/E, or

BE horizon, which has colors and textures similar

to those of the E and B horizons.
108 Soil Survey of

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent gravel;

0 to 35 percent cobbles

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy

loam, sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent gravel;

0 to 35 percent cobbles

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

1244B—Sol-Sugarbush complex, 2 to 8

percent slopes, very stony

Composition

Sol and similar soils: About 50 percent

Sugarbush and similar soils: About 25 percent

Inclusions: About 25 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Sol—summits and

backslopes; Sugarbush—backslopes and

shoulders

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Component Description

Sol

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

Sugarbush

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Nary and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Debs and similar soils

• Water

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1244C—Sol-Sugarbush complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes, very stony

Composition

Sol and similar soils: About 50 percent

Sugarbush and similar soils: About 25 percent

Inclusions: About 25 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Sol—summits and

backslopes; Sugarbush—backslopes and

shoulders

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 109

Component Description

Sol

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

Sugarbush

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Nary and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Debs and similar soils

• Water

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1244E—Sol-Sugarbush complex, 15 to 30

percent slopes, very stony

Composition

Sol and similar soils: About 45 percent

Sugarbush and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Sol—summits and

backslopes; Sugarbush—backslopes and

shoulders

Slope range: 15 to 30 percent

Component Description

Sol

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

Sugarbush

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Nary and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Debs and similar soils

• Water

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section
110 Soil Survey of

1272B—Sol fine sandy loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Sol and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Nary and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Spooner Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Mollic Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Spooner silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 1,500 feet

north and 950 feet west of the southeast corner of sec.

34, T. 141 N., R. 32 W., Hubbard County; USGS

Crystal Lake quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 58 minutes

53 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 42 minutes 33

seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; strong

medium granular structure; friable; common very

fine to coarse roots throughout; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Eg—8 to 13 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam,

light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; common fine faint light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions and many

fine and medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) iron concentrations; weak thin platy structure

parting to moderate very fine subangular blocky;

friable; common fine and medium roots

throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg—13 to 20 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; few fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

iron depletions and few fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine

and medium roots throughout; many distinct

continuous dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—20 to 35 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silt loam; many medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations and few fine distinct

gray (5Y 6/1) iron depletions; weak thin platy

structure parting to weak very fine subangular

blocky; friable; many distinct continuous pale

yellow (2.5Y 8/2) carbonate coatings on bottom of

plates; many fine irregular dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

soft masses of iron-manganese between peds;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg2—35 to 65 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) silt

loam; many coarse faint light brownish gray (2.5Y

6/2) iron depletions and many coarse prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron concentrations;

weak thin platy structure parting to weak very fine

subangular blocky; firm; many distinct continuous

pale yellow (2.5Y 8/2) carbonate coatings on

bottom of plates; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg3—65 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) silt
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 111

loam; few fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

iron depletions and common fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; weak thin

platy structure parting to weak very fine

subangular blocky; firm; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 40 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy

loam, loam, or silt loam

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay

loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—very fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam,

sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silt

loam, or silt

147—Spooner silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Composition

Spooner and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Swales on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Baudette and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Staples Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—very slow

Landform: Drumlins and moraines

Parent material: Outwash over till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive,

frigid Arenic Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Staples loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 550 feet

south and 1,875 feet east of the northwest corner of

sec. 18, T. 135 N., R. 33 W., Wadena County; USGS

Nimrod SW quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 30 minutes

45.1 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 53 minutes 49.5

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; many

fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and common

fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron

depletions; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Eg1—7 to 15 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sand; many medium distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) iron concentrations and common
112 Soil Survey of

medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron

depletions; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Eg2—15 to 32 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sand;

common medium distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) and few fine distinct dark brown (10YR

4/3) iron concentrations; single grain; loose;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Eg3—32 to 36 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sand;

common medium distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) and common dark brown (7.5YR 3/4)

iron concentrations; single grain; loose; common

black (N 2/0) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)

oxide concretions; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Btg—36 to 44 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) sandy loam;

common medium distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) and common dark brown (7.5YR 3/4)

iron concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct and faint dark

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; 10 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2Cd1—44 to 56 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) sandy

loam; many coarse distinct greenish gray (5GY

5/1) iron depletions and few fine prominent dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron concentrations; massive;

firm; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2Cd2—56 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) sandy

loam; common coarse faint greenish gray (5GY

5/1) iron depletions; massive; very firm; common

black (2.5Y 2/0) oxide concretions; 5 percent

gravel; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 40 to more than 72 inches

Depth to dense till: 40 to 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Eg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand, sand, loamy fine sand, or

fine sand

2Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or

clay loam

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—sandy loam or loamy sand

1956—Staples loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Composition

Staples and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Swales on drumlins and moraines

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Perched

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Becida and similar soils

• Runeberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 113

Steamboat Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 3 to 65 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Typic Paleboralfs

Typical Pedon

Steamboat sandy loam, in an area of Steamboat-Two

Inlets-Seelyeville complex, pitted, 0 to 15 percent

slopes, 800 feet north and 1,300 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 18, T. 141 N., R. 33 W.,

Hubbard County; USGS Mantrap Lake quadrangle; lat.

47 degrees 1 minute 26.2 seconds N. and long. 94

degrees 54 minutes 6.3 seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; many

fine roots; 5 percent gravel; 5 percent cobbles;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

E—3 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loamy sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; many

fine roots; 5 percent gravel; 5 percent cobbles;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

E/B—18 to 35 inches; about 80 percent brown (10YR

5/3) loamy sand, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry

(E); about 20 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam (B); moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots;

common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4)

clay films in channels; 5 percent gravel; 5 percent

cobbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt—35 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; strong medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine roots; many distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; 3 percent gravel; 2 percent

cobbles; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C1—46 to 62 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) fine sandy

loam; moderate thick platy structure parting to

weak fine subangular blocky; very friable; common

light gray (2.5Y 7/2) soft accumulations of calcium

carbonate in old root channels and in cracks; 5

percent gravel; 2 percent cobbles; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; diffuse wavy

boundary.

C2—62 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; common fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) iron concentrations; moderate thick

platy structure parting to weak fine subangular

blocky; very friable; common light gray (2.5Y 7/2)

soft accumulations of calcium carbonate in old

root channels and in cracks; 5 percent gravel; 2

percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 30 to more than 60 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 10 percent gravel; 1 to

35 percent cobbles, stones, and boulders

Other features: All pedons have an E/B, EB, B/E, or

BE horizon, which has colors and textures similar

to those of the E and B horizons.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy

loam, or fine sandy loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 or 5

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 5

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy

sand, or loamy fine sand

526C—Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville

complex, pitted, 0 to 15 percent slopes

Composition

Steamboat and similar soils: About 40 percent

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 30 percent

Seelyeville and similar soils: About 20 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines
114 Soil Survey of

Position on the landform: Steamboat—summits and

backslopes; Two Inlets—backslopes and

shoulders; Seelyeville—depressions

Slope range: Steamboat—3 to 15 percent; Two

Inlets—3 to 15 percent; Seelyeville—0 to 1

percent

Component Description

Steamboat

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

Seelyeville

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Herbaceous organic

material

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 3 feet above the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Potatolake and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Water

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

526E—Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville

complex, pitted, 0 to 35 percent slopes

Composition

Steamboat and similar soils: About 45 percent

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 25 percent

Seelyeville and similar soils: About 20 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Steamboat—summits and

backslopes; Two Inlets—backslopes and

shoulders; Seelyeville—depressions

Slope range: Steamboat—15 to 35 percent; Two

Inlets—15 to 35 percent; Seelyeville—0 to 1

percent

Component Description

Steamboat

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 115

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

Seelyeville

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Herbaceous organic

material

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 3 feet above the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Potatolake and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Water

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

574G—Steamboat-Two Inlets complex,

pitted, 35 to 65 percent slopes

Composition

Steamboat and similar soils: About 45 percent

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 20 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Steamboat—summits and

backslopes; Two Inlets—backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 35 to 65 percent

Component Description

Steamboat

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Egglake and similar soils

• Potatolake and similar soils

• Water

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Sugarbush Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid or very rapid

Landform: Outwash plains, moraines, and valley trains
116 Soil Survey of

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 1 to 45 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Typic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Sugarbush sandy loam, in an area of Sugarbush-Two

Inlets complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes, 1,300 feet south

and 1,400 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 15,

T. 142 N., R. 40 W., Becker County; USGS Strawberry

Lake quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 7 minutes 5 seconds

N. and long. 95 degrees 43 minutes 35 seconds W.,

NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; 3 percent gravel; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—3 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand, very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; 3 percent gravel;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt—13 to 25 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many faint dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2C—25 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

coarse sand; single grain; loose; few coatings of

carbonates on bottom side of pebbles; 20 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loamy sand or loamy coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam or coarse sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

2Bt horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—gravelly loamy sand, gravelly loamy

coarse sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand,

sand, or coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—gravelly sand, gravelly coarse sand,

coarse sand, or sand

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

775B—Sugarbush-Two Inlets complex, 1

to 8 percent slopes

Composition

Sugarbush and similar soils: About 60 percent

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Sugarbush—summits and

backslopes; Two Inlets—shoulders and summits

Slope range: 1 to 8 percent

Component Description

Sugarbush

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.1 inches (low)
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 117

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

775C—Sugarbush-Two Inlets complex, 8

to 15 percent slopes

Composition

Sugarbush and similar soils: About 55 percent

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Sugarbush—summits and

backslopes; Two Inlets—shoulders and summits

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Sugarbush

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Talmoon Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; lower part—

moderately slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Glaciofluvial materials over till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Mollic Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Talmoon loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 100 feet south

and 2,600 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 1,

T. 144 N., R. 32 W., Hubbard County; USGS

Steamboat Lake quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 19

minutes 22 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 40

minutes 29 seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky
118 Soil Survey of

structure; very friable; 5 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Eg—3 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

very fine sandy loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry;

many fine and medium prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) iron concentrations; strong medium

platy structure; very friable; 5 percent gravel;

slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg1—14 to 25 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; many medium and coarse distinct olive

gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions and many medium

and coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

iron concentrations; strong coarse subangular

blocky structure; very firm; common distinct

discontinuous very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2)

clay films on faces of peds and lining pores and

many distinct continuous light olive brown (2.5Y

5/3) silt coatings on faces of peds; 10 percent

gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg2—25 to 55 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay loam;

many medium and coarse faint olive gray (5Y 5/2)

iron depletions and many medium and coarse

prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) iron

concentrations; strong coarse subangular blocky

structure; very firm; common distinct

discontinuous dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) clay films

on faces of peds and lining pores; 10 percent

gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—55 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay

loam; common medium distinct olive gray (5Y 5/2)

iron depletions and common medium distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations;

massive; firm; 12 percent gravel; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 18 to more than 80 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 10 percent

Oa horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—muck

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam

Eg horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine

sandy loam, loam, or silt loam

Btg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy

loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam

346—Talmoon loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Composition

Talmoon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Swales on moraines

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciofluvial materials over

till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Beltrami and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 119

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

628—Talmoon muck, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes

Composition

Talmoon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciofluvial materials over

till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 12.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

32.5 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Beltrami and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Two Inlets Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid

Landform: Outwash plains, valley trains, and moraines

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 1 to 65 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed Psammentic

Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Two Inlets loamy sand, in an area of Two InletsSugarbush complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, 2,600

feet west and 25 feet south of the northeast corner of

sec. 2, T. 141 N., R. 39 W., Becker County; USGS

Many Point Lake quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 3

minutes 18 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 34

minutes 58 seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 2 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; 10

percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

E—2 to 10 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly

loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; single

grain; loose; 20 percent gravel; slightly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt—10 to 33 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly

loamy coarse sand; weak fine granular structure;

very friable; 25 percent gravel; common clay

bridging between sand grains; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

C—33 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 30

percent gravel; few carbonate coatings on

underside of pebbles; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 18 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, coarse

sandy loam, sand, coarse sand, or the gravelly

analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4
120 Soil Survey of

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy

very coarse sand, sand, coarse sand, or the

gravelly analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—gravelly sand, gravelly coarse sand, or

gravelly very coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

675C—Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat

complex, pitted, 3 to 15 percent slopes

Composition

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 45 percent

Eagleview and similar soils: About 25 percent

Steamboat and similar soils: About 20 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Two Inlets—shoulders and

summits; Eagleview—backslopes; Steamboat—

backslopes and footslopes

Slope range: 3 to 15 percent

Component Description

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

Eagleview

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.9 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Steamboat

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Potatolake and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

675E—Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat

complex, pitted, 15 to 35 percent

slopes

Composition

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 45 percent

Eagleview and similar soils: About 25 percent

Steamboat and similar soils: About 20 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Two Inlets—shoulders and

summits; Eagleview—backslopes; Steamboat—

backslopes and footslopes

Slope range: 15 to 35 percent

Component Description

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 121

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

Eagleview

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.9 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Steamboat

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Potatolake and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

675G—Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat

complex, pitted, 35 to 65 percent

slopes

Composition

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 45 percent

Eagleview and similar soils: About 30 percent

Steamboat and similar soils: About 20 percent

Inclusions: About 5 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Two Inlets—shoulders and

summits; Eagleview—backslopes; Steamboat—

backslopes and footslopes

Slope range: 35 to 65 percent

Component Description

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

Eagleview

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.9 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

Steamboat

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.2 inches (moderate)
122 Soil Survey of

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1238E—Two Inlets-Sugarbush complex,

15 to 30 percent slopes

Composition

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 60 percent

Sugarbush and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 5 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Two Inlets—shoulders and

summits; Sugarbush—backslopes

Slope range: 15 to 30 percent

Component Description

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

Sugarbush

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1238F—Two Inlets-Sugarbush complex,

30 to 45 percent slopes

Composition

Two Inlets and similar soils: About 70 percent

Sugarbush and similar soils: About 25 percent

Inclusions: About 5 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Two Inlets—shoulders and

summits; Sugarbush—backslopes

Slope range: 30 to 45 percent

Component Description

Two Inlets

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 123

Sugarbush

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1015—Udipsamments (cut and fill land)

Composition

Udipsamments: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Slope range: 0 to 10 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.0 inches (low)

Inclusions

• Poorly drained areas

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

1016—Udorthents, loamy (cut and fill

land)

Composition

Udorthents: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Slope range: 0 to 50 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Variable

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits or

till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Inclusions

• Poorly drained areas

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

1027—Udorthents, wet substratum (fill

land)

Composition

Udorthents: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, lake plains, and moraines

Slope range: 0 to 5 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Variable

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
124 Soil Survey of

Dominant parent material: Earth fill over organic

materials

Inclusions

• Moderately well drained and well drained areas

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Verndale Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate or moderately

rapid; lower part—rapid

Landform: Outwash plains

Parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy outwash or

beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 12 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Udic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Verndale sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 2,390 feet

north and 1,375 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 26, T. 134 N., R. 33 W., Wadena County; USGS

Staple NE quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 23 minutes 21.6

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 48 minutes 54.5

seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—9 to 13 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy

loam; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

coatings on faces of peds; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct

very dark brown (10YR 2/2) clay films on faces of

peds; common very fine and fine roots; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—13 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; many distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; few very

fine and fine roots; 2 percent fine gravel; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bw1—19 to 28 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) coarse sand; single grain; loose; 3 percent

fine gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bw2—28 to 49 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; single grain; loose; 2 percent fine gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2C—49 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; few yellowish brown strata; single grain;

loose; 5 percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to more than 60 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or fine

sandy loam

2Bw horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand,

or coarse sand

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sand or coarse sand with strata of fine

sand

567A—Verndale sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Composition

Verndale and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 125

Dominant parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy

outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Duelm and similar soils

• Nymore and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1126B—Verndale-Nymore complex, 1 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Verndale and similar soils: About 60 percent

Nymore and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains

Position on the landform: Verndale—backslopes;

Nymore—shoulders and summits

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Verndale

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Loamy mantle over sandy

outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

Nymore

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Duelm and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

W—Water

Composition

Water: 100 percent

Component Description

• Naturally occurring basins of surface water

1356—Water, miscellaneous

Composition

Water: 100 percent

Component Description

• Small manmade areas that are used for industrial,
126 Soil Survey of

sanitary, or mining applications and that contain water

most of the year

Willosippi Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate or moderately

rapid; lower part—moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Mollic Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Willosippi loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 1,900 feet west

and 200 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 21,

T. 49 N., R. 25 W., Aitkin County; USGS Waukenabo

quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 42 minutes 39 seconds N.

and long. 93 degrees 30 minutes 48 seconds W.,

NAD27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; many fine and very fine roots; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Eg—7 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) fine

sandy loam; few fine faint light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) iron concentrations; weak medium platy

structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots;

moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Btg1—12 to 22 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; few fine prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) iron concentrations; moderate medium

angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots;

many distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2 and

10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2—22 to 24 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy

sand; common fine prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) iron concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; common

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

bridging sand grains; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Btg3—24 to 26 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam; few

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron

concentrations; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many distinct olive gray (5Y 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Btg4—26 to 32 inches; dark grayish brown and dark

brown (10YR 4/2 and 4/3) sandy loam; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; many distinct dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

BCg—32 to 42 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silt loam;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

iron concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg1—42 to 49 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) iron concentrations; massive; friable; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg2—49 to 53 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2),

stratified loamy sand and silt loam; massive;

friable; common medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg3—53 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), stratified silt loam

and sandy loam; common medium distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6)

iron concentrations; massive; friable; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 50 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam

Eg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam,

sandy loam, loam, or silt loam

Btg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—stratified loam, clay loam, silty clay loam,

or silt loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 127

fine sand, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy

loam, loamy very fine sand, loam, clay loam,

silty clay loam, or silt loam

672—Willosippi loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Composition

Willosippi and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Swales on moraines

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Zerkel and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Wurtsmith Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and lake plains

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Oxyaquic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Wurtsmith loamy sand, MAP 22-30, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, 1,550 feet south and 1,000 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 27, T. 143 N., R. 32 W.,

Hubbard County; USGS Benedict quadrangle; lat. 47

degrees 10 minutes 31.2 seconds N. and long. 94

degrees 42 minutes 36.9 seconds W., NAD27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak very fine granular structure; very friable;

many medium roots; about 1 percent gravel;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—6 to 10 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure

parting to single grain; very friable; few medium

roots; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw2—10 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; single grain; loose; about 1 percent gravel;

strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

BC—20 to 34 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

sand; single grain; loose; about 1 percent gravel;

moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

C—34 to 56 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand;

common fine prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR

6/8) iron concentrations and few fine distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; single

grain; loose; about 1 percent gravel; slightly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Cg—56 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand;

common large prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR

6/8) iron concentrations; single grain; loose; about

1 percent gravel; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 8

Texture—loamy sand, sand, loamy coarse sand,

or coarse sand
128 Soil Survey of

BC horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—sand or coarse sand

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sand or coarse sand

1444—Wurtsmith loamy sand, MAP 22-30,

0 to 3 percent slopes

Composition

Wurtsmith and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and rises on lake plains and outwash

plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.3 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.25 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Graycalm and similar soils

• Meehan and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Zerkel Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow or

moderate; lower part—moderate or moderately

rapid

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Glossic Oxyaquic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Zerkel loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, 1,100 feet east and

300 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T.

146 N., R. 38 W., Clearwater County; USGS Zerkel

NW quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 26 minutes 24

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 28 minutes 58

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

very friable; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—4 to 10 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very

fine sandy loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak

thin platy structure; very friable; 1 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—10 to 15 inches; about 90 percent dark brown

(10YR 3/3) loam (B), about 10 percent light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very fine sandy loam

(E); moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—15 to 21 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

iron concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common distinct very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces

of peds and lining pores; 2 percent gravel; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—21 to 29 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay

loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) iron concentrations and light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strong medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on

faces of peds and lining pores; 2 percent gravel;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 129

Bk—29 to 37 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4),

stratified very fine sandy loam, loamy very fine

sand, and silt loam; common medium distinct olive

yellow (2.5Y 6/8) iron concentrations and light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

common medium irregularly shaped filaments and

soft masses of calcium carbonate; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C—37 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), stratified very fine

sandy loam, loamy very fine sand, and silt loam;

common medium distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/8)

iron concentrations and light brownish gray (2.5Y

6/2) iron depletions; massive; very friable;

common medium irregularly shaped filaments and

soft masses of calcium carbonate; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 4 percent

Other features: Some pedons have an E/B, EB, B/E, or

BE horizon, which has colors and textures similar

to those of the E and B horizons.

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam,

sandy loam, or loamy fine sand

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, silt, silty clay loam, or clay loam

Bk and C horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—stratified with silt loam, loamy very fine

sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, very fine

sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam

1164—Zerkel loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

Composition

Zerkel and similar soils: About 85 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and rises on moraines

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Lengby and similar soils

• Willosippi and similar soils

• Nary and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Zimmerman Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Slope range: 1 to 12 percent
130 Soil Survey of

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Argic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Zimmerman loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes,

1,000 feet south and 500 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 20, T. 150 N., R. 32 W., Beltrami County;

USGS Nebish quadrangle; lat. 47 degrees 48 minutes

1 second N. and long. 94 degrees 46 minutes 55

seconds W., NAD27:

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy fine

sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak very

fine granular structure; very friable; moderately

acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

E—3 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; single grain; loose;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw—16 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sand; single grain; loose; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

E ́—35 to 40 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand;

single grain; loose; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

E&Bt—40 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

fine sand (E); single grain; loose; several lamellae

of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy

loam 1

/4 inch to 11/2 inches thick (Bt); common clay

bridging between sand grains; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loamy fine sand

E and E ́ horizons:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or neutral

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—3 to 8

Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand

E part of E&Bt horizon:

Colors—similar to those of the E horizon

Textures—similar to those of the E horizon

Bt part of E&Bt horizon:

Special feature—layers 1/16 inch to 2 inches thick

with cumulative thickness of less than 6 inches

within a depth of 80 inches

Hue—5YR to 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 7

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand, very fine

sand, loamy very fine sand, or fine sandy loam

C horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—7.5YR to 2.5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—fine sand or sand

158B—Zimmerman loamy fine sand, 1 to

6 percent slopes

Composition

Zimmerman and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.3 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 131

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

158C—Zimmerman loamy fine sand, 6 to

12 percent slopes

Composition

Zimmerman and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and valley trains

Position on the landform: Backslopes and shoulders

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash or beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.3 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map unit,

such as horizon depth and textures, is available in the

“Soil Properties” section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Wurtsmith and similar soils

• Roscommon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section
133

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1998.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 19th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1998. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.

Hobbs, Howard C., and Joseph E. Goebel. 1982. Geologic map of Minnesota

Quaternary geology. Minnesota Geological Survey, University of Minnesota. Wall map.

Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

Marshner, Francis J. 1974. The original vegetation of Minnesota. North-Central Forest

Experiment Station. Wall map.

McMiller, P.R., and others. 1935. Soil survey of Hubbard County, Minnesota. U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, in cooperation with the

University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.

Norton, Arthur R. Quaternary geology of the Itasca-St. Croix Moraine interlobate area,

north-central Minnesota. (Unpublished M.S. thesis, University of Minnesota, 1982)

Sackreiter, Donald Keith. Quaternary geology of the southern part of the Grand Forks

and Bemidji Quadrangles. (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Dakota,

Grand Forks, 1975)

United States Department of Agriculture. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation

Service, Soil Survey Division Staff. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil

classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources

Conservation Service, Soil Survey Staff. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

Wright, H.E., Jr. 1962. Role of the Wadena Lobe in the Wisconsin glaciation of

Minnesota. Geological Society of America Bulletin 73: 73-100.

Wright, H.E., Jr. 1972. Quaternary history of Minnesota. In Geology of Minnesota: A

Centennial Volume. Minnesota Geological Survey.

References
135

Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during

the final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of

crudely sorted sand and gravel are common.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate .......................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high .............................................. more than 12

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In

profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a

convex shoulder above and a concave footslope

below.

Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the

ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where

the configuration and relief of the landforms are

determined or strongly influenced by the

underlying bedrock.

Bench terrace. A raised, level or nearly level strip of

earth constructed on or nearly on a contour,

supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material,

and designed to make the soil suitable for tillage

and to prevent accelerated erosion.

Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of

which consists of an illuvial horizon and the

overlying eluvial horizons.

Blowout. A shallow depression from which all or most

of the soil material has been removed by the wind.

A blowout has a flat or irregular floor formed by a

resistant layer or by an accumulation of pebbles or

cobbles. In some blowouts the water table is

exposed.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or

biological methods to make conditions favorable

for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition

from woody vegetation and thus allow understory

grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management

increases forage production and thus reduces the

Glossary
136 Soil Survey of

hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for

some species of wildlife.

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Catsteps. Very small, irregular terraces on steep

hillsides, especially in pasture, formed by the

trampling of cattle or the slippage of saturated soil.

Channery soil material. Soil material that has, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material

has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and

extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60

percent.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 137

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the

living branches and their foliage.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is

nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near

the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a

body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or

lake.

Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer

that has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams

per cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the

ease of digging and can affect filling and

compacting.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Disintegration moraine. A drift topography

characterized by chaotic mounds and pits,

generally randomly oriented, developed in

supraglacial drift by collapse and flow as the

underlying stagnant ice melted. Slopes may be

steep and unstable. Abrupt changes between

materials of differing lithology are common.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Drumlin. A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or

ridge of compact glacial till. The longer axis is

parallel to the path of the glacier and commonly

has a blunt nose pointing in the direction from

which the ice approached.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface to

underlying pure humus.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It

receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.
138 Soil Survey of

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Esker. A narrow, winding ridge of stratified gravelly

and sandy drift deposited by a stream flowing in a

tunnel beneath a glacier.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of

active deposition, incised by younger and lower

alluvial surfaces.

Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water

into the soil.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. An area cleared of flammable material to

stop or help control creeping or running fires. It

also serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flaggy soil material. Material that has, by volume, 15

to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material

has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely

flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent

flagstones.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone,

slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to

38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river

action, as a fluvial plain.

Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently

inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In

profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in

porosity and content of organic matter and low or

moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand.

A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots.

When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher

bulk density than the horizon or horizons above.

When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under

pressure rather than to deform slowly.

Frost action (in tables). Freezing and thawing of soil

moisture. Frost action can damage roads,

buildings and other structures, and plant roots.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 139

Glacial outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly

stratified, deposited by glacial meltwater.

Glacial till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift

consisting of clay, silt, sand, and boulders

transported and deposited by glacial ice.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Graded stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

grade toward a protected waterway.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 3 or

more. Typical color in areas of iron concentrations.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the
140 Soil Survey of

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the

time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:

Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level

plains surrounded by levees or dikes.

Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a

strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled

by small earth ridges called border dikes, or

borders.

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at

intervals from closely spaced field ditches and

distributed uniformly over the field.

Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely

spaced furrows or ditches in fields of closegrowing crops or in orchards so that it flows in only

one direction.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil through such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made

by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for

tree and row crops.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil surface

through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or

tile lines until the water table is raised enough to

wet the soil.

Wild flooding.—Water, released at high points, is

allowed to flow onto an area without controlled

distribution.

Kame. An irregular, short ridge or hill of stratified

glacial drift.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 141

Karst (topography). The relief of an area underlain by

limestone that dissolves in differing degrees, thus

forming numerous depressions or small basins.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Lamella. A thin (commonly less than 1 cm thick),

discontinuous or continuous, generally horizontal

layer of fine material (especially clay and iron

oxides) pedogenically concentrated (illuviated)

within a coarser textured (sandy) eluvial layer.

Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass of

soil and loose rock, generally when wet or

saturated. The speed and distance of movement,

as well as the amount of soil and rock material,

vary greatly.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 2 or

less. Typical color in areas of iron depletions.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

MAP. Mean annual precipitation, expressed in inches.

Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting

chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in

approximately equal amounts.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, medial, and ground.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15

millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,

more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of

silt and clay in approximately equal amounts.

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is

a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma

of 4.

Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that

contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an
142 Soil Survey of

adverse effect on the physical condition of the

subsoil.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedisediment. A thin layer of alluvial material that

mantles an erosion surface and has been

transported to its present position from higher

lying areas of the erosion surface.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil adversely affects the specified

use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Extremely slow ................................. 0.0 to 0.01 inch

Very slow ........................................ 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant

community.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 143

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil

is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saprolite. Unconsolidated residual material

underlying the soil and grading to hard bedrock

below.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Scarification. The act of abrading, scratching,
144 Soil Survey of

loosening, crushing, or modifying the surface to

increase water absorption or to provide a more

tillable soil.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a

transition from backslope to summit. The surface

is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in

origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside.

The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Sloughed till. Water-saturated till that has flowed

slowly downhill from its original place of deposit by

glacial ice. It may rest on other till, on glacial

outwash, or on a glaciolacustrine deposit.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and

other equipment commonly used in construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stone line. A concentration of coarse fragments in a

soil. Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered

surface. In a cross section, the line may be one
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part I 145

fragment or more thick. It generally overlies

material that weathered in place and is overlain by

recent sediment of variable thickness.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only

slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift that

generally marks the termination of important

glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating soils underlain by glacial till.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in

profile are commonly gentle and linear and are

constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a

hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closeddepression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of

laminae deposited in a body of still water within a

year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional

areas that are excavated at an angle across a
146

sloping road. They are used to reduce the

downward velocity of water and divert it off and

away from the road surface. Water bars can easily

be driven over if constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.
United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

Soil Survey of

Hubbard County,

Minnesota

In cooperation with

Minnesota Agricultural

Experiment Station

Part II
149

This survey is divided into three parts. Part I includes general information about the

survey area; descriptions of the general soil map units, detailed soil map units, and soil

series in the area; and a description of how the soils formed. Part II describes the use

and management of the soils and the major soil properties. This part may be updated

as further information about soil management becomes available. Part III includes the

maps.

On the general soil map, the survey area is divided into groups of associated soils

called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management

of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify

the name of the map units in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the

section General Soil Map Units in Part I of this survey for a general description of the

soils in your area.

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small

areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map

Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet, and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in

that area. Turn to the Contents in Part I of this survey, which lists the map units and

shows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents in Part II shows which table has data on a specific land use for each

detailed soil map unit. Also, see the Contents in Part I and Part II for other sections of

this publication that may address your specific needs.

How to Use This Soil Survey
150

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web. The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov (click on “Technical Resources”).

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1994. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1998. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1994. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Minnesota

Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the

Hubbard County Soil and Water Conservation District. Other assistance was provided

by the Agricultural Extension Service, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources,

and the Board of Water and Soil Resources. The survey was partially funded by the

Legislative Commission for Minnesota Resources and by Hubbard County.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: Top left—Natural and scenic areas draw many visitors to the Hubbard County area. Top

right—Red pine plantations are common in areas of soils that formed in sandy and gravelly

outwash. Bottom left—Irrigated cropland is a major land use on outwash soils in southern Hubbard

County. Bottom right—Forest products management is an important industry throughout most of

Hubbard County.
151

Contents

How to Use This Soil Survey ............................. 149

Tables:

Classification of the Soils ............................. 154

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the

Soils .................................................... 155

Agronomy............................................................ 157

Crops and Pasture ........................................... 157

Irrigation ....................................................... 159

Cropland Management Considerations ............ 160

Crop Yield Estimates ........................................ 162

Pasture and Hayland Interpretations ............ 162

Land Capability Classification ........................... 162

Prime Farmland ................................................ 163

Erosion Factors ................................................ 164

Wind Erodibility Groups................................ 164

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings ........ 164

Windbreak Suitability Groups ....................... 165

Tables:

Cropland Management Considerations ........ 166

Land Capability and Yields per Acre of

Crops and Pasture............................... 184

Prime Farmland ........................................... 192

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings .... 193

Windbreak Suitability Groups ....................... 209

Forest Land ......................................................... 215

Tables:

Forest Land Harvest Equipment

Considerations .................................... 218

Forest Haul Road Considerations ................ 224

Forest Log Landing Considerations.............. 229

Forest Land Site Preparation and

Planting Considerations ....................... 234

Recreation ........................................................... 241

Table:

Recreational Development ........................... 243

Wildlife Habitat.................................................... 255

Table:

Wildlife Habitat ............................................. 257

Engineering......................................................... 267

Building Site Development ................................ 267

Sanitary Facilities ............................................. 268

Waste Management ......................................... 269

Construction Materials ..................................... 269

Water Management .......................................... 270

Tables:

Building Site Development ........................... 272

Sanitary Facilities ......................................... 284

Construction Materials ................................. 297

Water Management...................................... 309

Soil Properties .................................................... 325

Engineering Index Properties ........................... 325

Physical and Chemical Properties .................... 326

Water Features ................................................. 328

Soil Features .................................................... 329

Tables:

Engineering Index Properties ....................... 330

Physical Properties of the Soils .................... 369

Chemical Properties of the Soils .................. 383

Water Features ............................................ 397

Soil Features ................................................ 402

References .......................................................... 407

Glossary .............................................................. 409

Issued 2000
153

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; and for wildlife habitat.

It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations

of each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent

construction failures caused by unfavorable soil

properties.

Interpretive ratings help engineers, planners, and

others understand how soil properties influence

important nonagricultural uses, such as building site

development and construction materials. The ratings

indicate the most restrictive soil features affecting the

suitability of the soils for these uses.

Soils are rated in their natural state. No unusual

modification of the soil site or material is made other

than that which is considered normal practice for the

rated use. Even though soils may have limitations, it is

important to remember that engineers and others can

modify soil features or can design or adjust the plans

for a structure to compensate for most of the

limitations. Most of these practices, however, are

costly. The final decision in selecting a site for a

particular use generally involves weighing the costs of

site preparation and maintenance.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of the

survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain

or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use

it to identify areas where wetness or very firm soil

layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

The classification and extent of the soils in this

survey area are shown in the tables “Classification of

the Soils” and “Acreage and Proportionate Extent of

the Soils,” which are at the end of this section.

Soil Survey of

Hubbard County, Minnesota
154 Soil Survey of

Classification of the Soils

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Akeley-------------------|Arenic Eutroboralfs, loamy, mixed, superactive

 Baudette-----------------|Aquic Eutroboralfs, fine-silty, mixed, superactive

 Becida-------------------|Mollic Glossaqualfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Beltrami-----------------|Aquic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Blomford-----------------|Arenic Epiaqualfs, loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Blowers------------------|Glossaquic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Bootlake-----------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Bowstring----------------|Fluvaquentic Borosaprists, euic

 Braham-------------------|Arenic Eutroboralfs, loamy, mixed, superactive

 Cathro-------------------|Terric Borosaprists, loamy, mixed, euic

 Corliss------------------|Typic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Dalbo--------------------|Aquertic Eutroboralfs, fine, smectitic

 Debs---------------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, fine-silty, mixed, superactive

 Dorset-------------------|Udic Argiborolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Duelm--------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy, mixed

 Eagleview----------------|Argic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Egglake------------------|Mollic Endoaqualfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Evart--------------------|Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Graycalm-----------------|Argic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Haslie-------------------|Limnic Borosaprists, coprogenous, euic

 Huntersville-------------|Aquic Arenic Eutroboralfs, loamy, mixed, superactive

 Isan---------------------|Typic Endoaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Lengby-------------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Lupton-------------------|Typic Borosaprists, euic

 Markey-------------------|Terric Borosaprists, sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, euic

 Meehan-------------------|Aquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Menahga------------------|Typic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Mooselake----------------|Typic Borohemists, euic

 Nary---------------------|Glossaquic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Nebish-------------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Nidaros------------------|Terric Borosaprists, loamy, mixed, euic

 Nymore-------------------|Typic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Paddock------------------|Udollic Epiaqualfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Potatolake---------------|Aquic Eutroboralfs, fine-silty, mixed, superactive

 Redeye-------------------|Arenic Eutroboralfs, loamy, mixed, superactive

 Rifle--------------------|Typic Borohemists, euic

 Rockwood-----------------|Mollic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Rondeau------------------|Limnic Borosaprists, marly, euic

 Roscommon----------------|Mollic Psammaquents, mixed, frigid

 Runeberg-----------------|Typic Endoaquolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Sanburn------------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Seelyeville--------------|Typic Borosaprists, euic

 Snellman-----------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Sol----------------------|Glossic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Spooner------------------|Mollic Endoaqualfs, fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Staples------------------|Arenic Epiaqualfs, loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Steamboat----------------|Typic Paleboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Sugarbush----------------|Typic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Talmoon------------------|Mollic Endoaqualfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Two Inlets---------------|Psammentic Eutroboralfs, mixed

 Udipsamments-------------|Udipsamments

 Udorthents---------------|Udorthents

 Verndale-----------------|Udic Argiborolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Willosippi---------------|Mollic Endoaqualfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Wurtsmith----------------|Oxyaquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Zerkel-------------------|Glossic Oxyaquic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Zimmerman----------------|Argic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 155

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

(The abbreviation "MAP" stands for mean annual precipitation; the numbers that follow the abbreviation

 refer to a range in inches)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

82B |Redeye loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------| 642 | 0.1

82C |Redeye loamy sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------------| 39 | *

133B |Dalbo silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 17 | *

133C |Dalbo silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes----------------------------------| 3 | *

139B |Huntersville loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes----------------------| 760 | 0.1

147 |Spooner silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 140 | *

158B |Zimmerman loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------| 1,657 | 0.3

158C |Zimmerman loamy fine sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes------------------------| 60 | *

167A |Baudette silt loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------| 295 | *

170 |Blomford loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------| 740 | 0.1

202 |Meehan loamy sand, MAP 22-30, 0 to 3 percent slopes----------------------| 2,898 | 0.5

207B |Nymore loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------| 580 | *

207C |Nymore loamy sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------------| 81 | *

207D |Nymore loamy sand, 12 to 20 percent slopes-------------------------------| 53 | *

260 |Duelm loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 459 | *

261 |Isan loamy sand, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------| 466 | *

267B |Snellman sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------------| 563 | *

346 |Talmoon loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 491 | *

406A |Dorset sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 207 | *

488 |Becida fine sandy loam, morainic, 0 to 2 percent slopes, stony-----------| 4,766 | 0.7

526C |Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville complex, pitted, 0 to 15 percent slopes-| 65,187 | 10.2

526E |Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville complex, pitted, 0 to 35 percent slopes-| 38,306 | 6.0

540 |Seelyeville muck, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------| 10,127 | 1.6

541 |Rifle mucky peat, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------| 41 | *

545 |Rondeau muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------------| 433 | *

567A |Verndale sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 10,532 | 1.6

574G |Steamboat-Two Inlets complex, pitted, 35 to 65 percent slopes------------| 3,486 | 0.5

628 |Talmoon muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------------| 126 | *

672 |Willosippi loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 1,635 | 0.3

675C |Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat complex, pitted, 3 to 15 percent slopes---| 23,233 | 3.6

675E |Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat complex, pitted, 15 to 35 percent slopes--| 15,750 | 2.5

675G |Two Inlets-Eagleview-Steamboat complex, pitted, 35 to 65 percent slopes--| 2,827 | 0.4

701 |Runeberg mucky loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes-----------------| 728 | 0.1

709B |Lengby fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------| 744 | 0.1

709C |Lengby fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes---------------------------| 94 | *

719B |Rondeau muck (seepland), 1 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------| 277 | *

731A |Sanburn loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------| 8,156 | 1.3

744B |Debs-Akeley complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------------| 2,424 | 0.4

746 |Haslie muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes-------------------------| 122 | *

775B |Sugarbush-Two Inlets complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes----------------------| 14,068 | 2.2

775C |Sugarbush-Two Inlets complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes---------------------| 11,030 | 1.7

778B |Dorset-Corliss complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------| 8,251 | 1.3

778C |Dorset-Corliss complex, 6 to 12 percent slopes---------------------------| 2,276 | 0.4

797 |Mooselake and Lupton soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------------| 28,717 | 4.5

799 |Seelyeville and Bowstring soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently | |

 | flooded-----------------------------------------------------------------| 1,357 | 0.2

820B |Potatolake very fine sandy loam, 1 to 8 percent slopes-------------------| 3,925 | 0.6

820C |Potatolake very fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes------------------| 796 | 0.1

831C |Akeley-Debs complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes------------------------------| 1,263 | 0.2

831E |Akeley-Debs complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes-----------------------------| 866 | 0.1

844B |Sanburn-Graycalm complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes--------------------------| 22,150 | 3.5

867B |Graycalm-Menahga complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes--------------------------| 26,445 | 4.1

867C |Graycalm-Menahga complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes-------------------------| 4,969 | 0.8

867E |Graycalm-Menahga complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes------------------------| 5,527 | 0.9

867F |Graycalm-Menahga complex, 30 to 45 percent slopes------------------------| 143 | *

1015 |Udipsamments (cut and fill land)-----------------------------------------| 371 | *

1016 |Udorthents, loamy (cut and fill land)------------------------------------| 147 | *

1021C |Graycalm-Sanburn complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes-------------------------| 6,569 | 1.0

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
156

 Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

1027 |Udorthents, wet substratum (fill land)-----------------------------------| 171 | *

1030 |Pits, gravel-Udipsamments complex----------------------------------------| 706 | 0.1

1111 |Nidaros muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------------------| 11,207 | 1.8

1113 |Haslie, Seelyeville, and Cathro soils, ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes-----| 10,408 | 1.6

1126B |Verndale-Nymore complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------| 26,821 | 4.2

1127A |Bootlake-Graycalm complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------| 239 | *

1127B |Bootlake-Graycalm complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes-------------------------| 19,992 | 3.1

1136 |Nidaros muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------------| 2,311 | 0.4

1164 |Zerkel loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 703 | 0.1

1200 |Egglake loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 174 | *

1230 |Haslie and Nidaros soils, ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------| 5,175 | 0.8

1238E |Two Inlets-Sugarbush complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes--------------------| 5,933 | 0.9

1238F |Two Inlets-Sugarbush complex, 30 to 45 percent slopes--------------------| 585 | *

1244B |Sol-Sugarbush complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, very stony-----------------| 2,532 | 0.4

1244C |Sol-Sugarbush complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony----------------| 2,068 | 0.3

1244E |Sol-Sugarbush complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, very stony---------------| 1,337 | 0.2

1247D |Corliss-Dorset complex, 12 to 20 percent slopes--------------------------| 224 | *

1248C |Nymore-Verndale complex, 6 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------| 1,836 | 0.3

1249C |Graycalm-Bootlake complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes------------------------| 8,133 | 1.3

1271 |Roscommon mucky loamy sand, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent | |

 | slopes------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,811 | 0.3

1272B |Sol fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------| 780 | 0.1

1294 |Nary fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------------------------------| 347 | *

1319B |Rockwood sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, stony------------------------| 3,146 | 0.5

1319C |Rockwood sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, stony-----------------------| 277 | *

1319D |Rockwood sandy loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, stony----------------------| 250 | *

1320B |Blowers sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, stony-------------------------| 1,326 | 0.2

1321 |Paddock-Becida complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, stony---------------------| 154 | *

1332B |Rockwood fine sandy loam, morainic, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony---------| 41,382 | 6.5

1332C |Rockwood fine sandy loam, morainic, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony--------| 5,781 | 0.9

1332E |Rockwood fine sandy loam, morainic, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony-------| 1,271 | 0.2

1334 |Huntersville loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes---------------------------| 4,452 | 0.7

1336 |Blowers fine sandy loam, morainic, 1 to 3 percent slopes, stony----------| 28,854 | 4.5

1356 |Water, miscellaneous-----------------------------------------------------| 135 | *

1421B |Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic, complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony-----| 15,347 | 2.4

1421C |Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic, complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony----| 9,805 | 1.5

1421E |Rockwood-Two Inlets, morainic, complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony---| 4,952 | 0.8

1438B |Braham loamy fine sand, moderately wet, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------| 1,327 | 0.2

1439 |Cathro muck, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes--------------| 497 | *

1440B |Redeye loamy sand, morainic, 3 to 8 percent slopes-----------------------| 5,637 | 0.9

1440C |Redeye loamy sand, morainic, 8 to 15 percent slopes----------------------| 1,317 | 0.2

1444 |Wurtsmith loamy sand, MAP 22-30, 0 to 3 percent slopes-------------------| 6,076 | 0.9

1445 |Markey muck, depressional, MAP 22-30, 0 to 1 percent slopes--------------| 284 | *

1447 |Beltrami very fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes---------------------| 3,423 | 0.5

1450B |Sanburn very stony loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes, bouldery-----------| 882 | 0.1

1450C |Sanburn very stony loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes, bouldery----------| 368 | *

1450E |Sanburn very stony loamy sand, 15 to 30 percent slopes, bouldery---------| 229 | *

1460B |Nebish very fine sandy loam, moderately wet, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------| 6,780 | 1.1

1460C |Nebish very fine sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes----------------------| 494 | *

1943 |Roscommon loamy sand, MAP 22-30, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------| 2,594 | 0.4

1956 |Staples loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 1,663 | 0.3

1968 |Evart loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------------------| 9 | *

1969 |Evart-Isan complex, channeled, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded-| 953 | 0.1

W |Water--------------------------------------------------------------------| 48,827 | 7.6

 | |____________|________

 | Total---------------------------------------------------------------| 640,000 | 100.0

 | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.05 percent. The combined extent of the soils assigned an asterisk in the "Percent"

column is about 1.6 percent of the survey area.
157

General management needed for crops and for hay

and pasture is suggested in this section. The system

of land capability classification used by the Natural

Resources Conservation Service is explained, and the

estimated yields of the main crops and hay and

pasture plants are listed for each soil.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider obtaining specific

information from the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative

Extension Service.

Crops and Pasture

Russell D. Johnsrud, district conservationist, Natural Resources

Conservation Service, helped prepare this section.

With proper management, a wide variety of crop

and pasture species can be grown in Hubbard County.

The dominant crops are corn, potatoes, dry edible

beans, and hay (fig. 11). Oats, barley, and wheat also

are grown. Small acreages are used for fruits and

vegetables.

The main agricultural areas in the county can be

divided into two distinct regions. The northern third of

the county, consisting primarily of associations 3 and 4

(described under the heading “General Soil Map Units”

in Part I of this survey), is interspersed forested and

agricultural areas and has the highest percentage of

dairy, beef, and sheep operations. Soils in this region

are used primarily for the production of alfalfa, small

grain, and corn. The southern third of the county

consists primarily of associations 9, 10, and 11 and is

characterized by nearly level to rolling landscapes and

moderate relief. Soils in this region are used primarily

for the production of potatoes, edible beans, and corn.

The central part of the county consists mostly of a

rolling to very steep landscape that is dominantly

forested and has only a few isolated agricultural areas.

Major agricultural management concerns in

Hubbard County are low available water capacity,

water erosion, wind erosion, soil wetness, and

maintenance of soil tilth and fertility levels. The

potential for ground-water contamination also is a

concern in some areas.

Low available water capacity is the major

management concern in the southern third of the

county. Crops grown on the coarse textured, rapidly

permeable soils in this area need more water than is

normally received from natural precipitation. The

development of irrigation systems has helped to make

these soils agriculturally productive. The leaching of

plant nutrients and pesticides into ground-water

resources is a concern in this area. Proper

management of irrigation water and careful

management of soil amendments help to prevent the

contamination of ground-water resources.

Wind erosion and water erosion are the major

management concerns on most soils in the county.

Soils that have a surface layer of loamy fine sand,

loamy sand, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam and large

areas of soils that are not protected by vegetative

cover are susceptible to the effects of wind erosion.

Most wind erosion occurs in areas that have been

plowed in the fall and left bare over winter. Soils in the

more sloping areas are susceptible to water erosion.

Control of sheet and rill erosion is especially important

on the steeper slopes.

Failure to control erosion results in excessive soil

loss, reduced productivity, and pollution of nearby

lakes and streams. Conserving the topsoil is important

because topsoil acts as a reservoir for nutrients and

water to be used by plants. Using a system of

conservation tillage, such as reduced tillage or no-till,

planting on the contour, planting field windbreaks or

shelterbelts, and managing crop residue can help to

control water erosion and wind erosion. On the

steeper slopes, constructing grassed waterways can

also reduce the hazard of erosion. Also, a cropping

sequence that includes a grass and legume forage

crop for 3 to 5 years in an 8-year rotation is effective in

keeping soil losses within tolerable limits.

Soil wetness is the main management concern in

the northern and southeastern parts of the county. Soil

wetness can delay planting and harvesting activities.

Management activities in areas of poorly drained soils,

such as Becida, Egglake, Spooner, and Willosippi

soils, may be delayed in the spring and during periods

of excessive precipitation. If these soils are tilled when

too wet, severe compaction and clodding of the

Agronomy
158 Soil Survey of

surface layer are likely. Some drainage systems have

been installed in these areas, but many of them are

not adequate or have not been maintained. Additional

or future drainage of any soils is presently restricted

by State and Federal regulations.

Maintaining soil tilth is a concern on silty soils, such

as Baudette and Dalbo soils. If these soils are tilled

when too wet, severe compaction and clodding of the

surface layer are likely. Using reduced tillage,

managing crop residue, and properly timing

management activities can help to maintain soil tilth.

Many of the soils in Hubbard County have a

moderate to low content of organic matter. Measures

that maintain the content of organic matter and the

fertility of the soils are needed. Such measures include

nutrient management and crop residue management

through the application of a conservation cropping

system.

The application of fertilizers, pesticides, and

herbicides can help to maintain or improve crop yields

in Hubbard County. The amount of fertilizer needed

should be based on soil fertility tests, soil type, past

management, and the nutrient demands of the crop to

be grown. Applying manure can be effective in adding

organic matter and supplemental nitrogen to the soil.

Many soils in the county already have a high content

of inherent phosphorus. Adding phosphorus at rates

present in some commercial fertilizers may not be

necessary and could result in runoff of the unused

nutrient. The application of agricultural chemicals

should be undertaken with extreme care so that the

risk of contamination of ground water and surface

water can be minimized. Sandy, highly permeable soils

are susceptible to ground-water contamination

because they have a high leaching potential. Soils in

the steeper areas have a greater runoff potential than

those in the less sloping areas. Improper management

of amendments can result in the contamination of

surface water.

Moderately well drained, loamy soils in nearly level

areas have few limitations affecting cropland

management. Examples are Baudette, Nary, and

Zerkel soils.

Many areas in the county are used for pasture.

Figure 11.—Bromegrass-alfalfa hay is a major crop in Hubbard County.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 159

Pastures can be improved with proper management.

Pasture management includes a planned grazing

system, a fertilization program, brush and weed

control, and provision for a full-season grazing

system.

In some areas forest land and cutover forest land

are managed for pasture. Land managers should

decide whether to manage these areas as pasture or

for wood products. Intensive grazing of forest land can

impair woodland productivity. The quality and quantity

of forage in forest land varies depending upon the kind

of soil, the age and species of the trees in the canopy,

the density of the canopy, and the depth and

composition of the litter. Cutover areas can also be

managed for native or naturalized forest plants or can

be managed for pasture.

Adjusting stocking rates, using rotation grazing,

deferring grazing, and discouraging selective grazing

are parts of a planned grazing system. Overgrazing

reduces the quality of forage and the ability of the

plants to recover after grazing. The use of wet

pastures should be deferred until the sod is firm, the

forage has reached a minimum height, and the plants

are growing vigorously.

The species selected for hay and pasture should be

based on the soil type, drainage class, and soil acidity.

Well drained and moderately well drained soils are

suited to the widest range of species, including alfalfa,

red clover, birdsfoot trefoil, smooth bromegrass,

timothy, orchardgrass, reed canarygrass, and

Kentucky bluegrass.

Brush and weed control improves the quality of the

pasture. Mechanical removal of undesirable species is

labor intensive. When chemicals are selected and

applied for brush and weed control, measures that

prevent harm to livestock and contamination of local

water resources are needed.

Full-season grazing systems may combine coolseason grasses for spring and fall and warm-season

grasses for grazing during the warmer, drier summer

months. Planting the cool- and warm-season grasses

in different pastures and using a rotation grazing

system result in maximum utilization of the forage

produced. The most recent information about suitable

species and varieties of grasses can be obtained from

local offices of the Minnesota Cooperative Extension

Service and the Natural Resources Conservation

Service.

Applying fertilizers in pastures in a timely manner

promotes vigorous growth during the period when the

grasses are utilized for grazing.

Irrigation

Hubbard County has approximately 18,500 acres

under irrigation. Approximately 155 irrigation systems

are operating in the county. The majority of the

irrigation systems are center-pivot systems. The major

crops grown under irrigation are potatoes, corn, edible

beans, and alfalfa hay. Currently, yields of irrigated

corn are about 150 to 160 bushels per acre on a

variety of soil types.

Most of the irrigated acreage is in association 11,

which is described under the heading “General Soil

Map Units” in Part I of this survey. Some areas in

associations 9 and 10 also are used for irrigated

crops.

Irrigation water is available in most areas. Most of

the irrigation systems are using water drawn from

ground-water aquifers with surficial deposits of sand

and gravel. A few systems are using water from

wastewater treatment lagoons, from wetlands, or from

rivers.

Important soil properties and site features that

should be considered when decisions regarding

irrigation systems are made include available water

capacity, rate of water intake, and slope.

Available water capacity is the amount of water

stored in the soil that is available for plant growth. This

amount of water is the difference between the amount

of soil water at field capacity and the amount of soil

water at wilting point. This value is commonly

expressed as inches of water per inch of soil. Soil

texture and bulk density within a depth of 60 inches

are the primary factors that affect the water-holding

capacity.

The water intake rate is a measure of the soil’s

capacity to absorb water and the time water takes to

move through the soil profile. Intake rates are

dependent on infiltration rates and percolation rates.

Infiltration is the rate at which water penetrates the

surface of the soil. Percolation is the movement of

water through the soil. The water intake rate is

expressed as inches of soil per hour. The higher the

rate, the faster water moves through the soil.

The degree of slope affects erosion rates. High

yields cannot be maintained on eroding land. Erosioncontrol measures should be considered when

irrigation is planned in sloping areas.

Proper management of irrigation water includes

consideration of the demand for water at specific

development stages of the plants and the amount of

water currently stored in the rooting zone. Some
160 Soil Survey of

managers use computer programs together with field

sampling of soil moisture to schedule irrigation.

Producers are encouraged to conduct uniformity tests

to ensure even distribution of irrigation water. Proper

scheduling of irrigation and proper application of

fertilizers and chemicals can reduce the potential for

leaching and for ground-water contamination.

The production of irrigated crops also requires

selecting crops and varieties that are drought tolerant,

using reduced tillage, and managing crop residue.

These practices conserve moisture.

Cropland Management

Considerations

The management concerns affecting the use of the

detailed soil map units in the survey area for crops are

shown in the table “Cropland Management

Considerations.” The main concerns in managing

nonirrigated cropland are conserving moisture,

controlling wind erosion and water erosion, and

maintaining soil fertility.

Conserving moisture consists primarily of reducing

the evaporation and runoff rates and increasing the

water infiltration rate. Applying conservation tillage and

conservation cropping systems, farming on the

contour, stripcropping, establishing field windbreaks,

and leaving crop residue on the surface conserve

moisture.

Generally, a combination of several practices is

needed to control wind erosion and water erosion.

Conservation tillage, stripcropping, field windbreaks,

contour farming, conservation cropping systems, crop

residue management, terraces, diversions, and

grassed waterways help to prevent excessive soil loss.

Measures that are effective in maintaining soil

fertility include applying fertilizer, both organic and

inorganic, including manure; incorporating crop

residue or green manure crops into the soil; and using

proper crop rotations. Controlling erosion helps to

prevent the loss of organic matter and plant nutrients

and thus helps to maintain productivity, although the

level of fertility can be reduced even in areas where

erosion is controlled. All soils used for nonirrigated

crops respond well to applications of fertilizer.

Some of the considerations shown in the table

cannot be easily overcome. These are channels,

flooding, gullies, and ponding.

Additional considerations are as follows:

Lime content, limited available water capacity,

potential poor tilth and compaction, and restricted

permeability.—These limitations can be minimized by

incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop

residue into the soil; applying a system of

conservation tillage; and using conservation cropping

systems. Also, crops may respond well to additions of

phosphate fertilizer to soils that have a high content of

lime.

Potential for ground-water contamination.—The

proper use of nutrients and pesticides can reduce the

risk of ground-water contamination.

Potential for surface-water contamination.—The risk

of surface-water contamination can be reduced by the

proper use of nutrients and pesticides and by

conservation farming practices that reduce the runoff

rate.

Surface crusting.—This limitation retards seedling

development after periods of heavy rainfall.

Surface rock fragments.—This limitation causes

rapid wear of tillage equipment. It cannot be easily

overcome.

Surface stones.—Stones or boulders on or near the

surface can hinder normal tillage unless they are

removed (fig. 12).

On irrigated soils the main management concerns

are efficient water use, nutrient management, control

of erosion, pest and weed control, and timely planting

and harvesting for a successful crop. An irrigation

system that provides optimum control and distribution

of water at minimum cost is needed. Overirrigation

wastes water, leaches plant nutrients, and causes

erosion. Also, it can create drainage problems, raise

the water table, and increase soil salinity.

Explanation of Criteria

Acid soil.—The pH is less than 6.1.

Channeled.—The word “channeled” is included in

the map unit name.

Dense layer.—The bulk density is 1.80 g/cc or

greater within the soil profile.

Excessive permeability.—Permeability is 6 inches

per hour or more within the soil profile.

Flooding.—Flooding is occasional or frequent.

High organic matter content.—The surface layer

has more than 20 percent organic matter.

Limited available water capacity.—The available

water capacity calculated to a depth of 60 inches or to

a root-limiting layer is 6 inches or less.

Limited organic matter content.—The content of

organic matter is 2 percent or less in the surface layer.

Ponding.—Ponding duration is assigned to the map

unit component. The water table is above the surface.

Potential poor tilth and compaction.—The content of

clay is 27 percent or more in the surface layer.

Potential for ground-water contamination (by

nutrients or pesticides).—Depth to the water table is 4

feet or less, the permeability of any layer is more than
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 161

6.0 inches per hour, or the depth to bedrock is less

than 60 inches.

Potential for surface-water contamination (by

nutrients or pesticides).—The map unit component is

occasionally flooded or frequently flooded, is subject

to ponding, is assigned to hydrologic group C or D and

has a slope of more than 2 percent, is assigned to

hydrologic group A and has a slope of more than 6

percent, or is assigned to hydrologic group B, has a

slope of 3 percent or more, and has a K factor of more

than 0.17.

Restricted permeability.—Permeability is less than

0.06 inch per hour within the soil profile.

Slope (equipment limitation).—The slope is more

than 15 percent.

Surface crusting.—The content of clay is 27 percent

or more and the content of organic matter is 2 percent

or less in the surface layer.

Surface rock fragments (equipment limitation).—

The terms describing the texture of the surface layer

include any rock fragment modifier, except for gravelly,

Figure 12.—Stones along a field boundary in an area of Rockwood fine sandy loam, morainic, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony. Surface

stoniness varies in northern Hubbard County. The stones in some areas are so numerous that tillage for crop production is not

feasible.
162 Soil Survey of

channery, stony, very stony, extremely stony, bouldery,

very bouldery, and extremely bouldery.

Surface stones (equipment limitation).—The word

“stony” or “bouldery” is included in the map unit name

or in the description of the surface layer.

Water erosion.—Either the slope is 6 percent or

more, or the slope is more than 3 percent and less

than 6 percent and the surface layer is not sandy.

Water table.—A water table is within 2.5 feet of the

surface.

Wind erosion.—The wind erodibility group is 1, 2, 3,

or 4L.

Crop Yield Estimates

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in the table “Land Capability

and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture.” In any

given year, yields may be higher or lower than those

indicated in the table because of variations in rainfall

and other climatic factors. The land capability

classification of the map units in the survey area also

is shown in the table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and

results of field trials and demonstrations also are

considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of the soils for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in the table are

grown in the survey area, but estimated yields are not

listed because the acreage of such crops is small. The

local office of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service or of the Cooperative Extension Service can

provide information about the management and

productivity of the soils for those crops.

Pasture and Hayland Interpretations

Under good management, proper grazing is

essential for the production of high-quality forage,

stand survival, and erosion control. Proper grazing

helps plants to maintain sufficient and generally

vigorous top growth during the growing season. Brush

control is essential in many areas, and weed control

generally is needed. Rotation grazing and renovation

also are important management practices.

Yield estimates are often provided in animal unit

months (AUM), or the amount of forage or feed

required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse,

one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.

The local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or of the Cooperative Extension

Service can provide information about forage yields

other than those shown in the table “Land Capability

and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture.”

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops.

Crops that require special management are excluded.

The soils are grouped according to their limitations for

field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for

crops, and the way they respond to management. The

criteria used in grouping the soils do not take into

account major and generally expensive landforming

that would change slope, depth, or other

characteristics of the soils, nor do they include

possible but unlikely major reclamation projects.

Capability classification is not a substitute for

interpretations designed to show suitability and

limitations of groups of soils for woodland or for

engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils generally are grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit

(USDA, 1961). These categories indicate the degree

and kinds of limitations affecting mechanized farming

systems that produce the more commonly grown field

crops, such as corn, small grain, cotton, hay, and fieldgrown vegetables. Only class and subclass are used

in this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by the numbers 1 through 8. The numbers

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use.

If properly managed, soils in classes 1, 2, 3, and 4

are suitable for the mechanized production of

commonly grown field crops and for pasture and

woodland. The degree of the soil limitations affecting

the production of cultivated crops increases
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 163

progressively from class 1 to class 4. The limitations

can affect levels of production and the risk of

permanent soil deterioration caused by erosion and

other factors.

Soils in classes 5, 6, and 7 are generally not suited

to the mechanized production of commonly grown field

crops without special management, but they are

suitable for plants that provide a permanent cover,

such as grasses and trees. The severity of the soil

limitations affecting crops increases progressively

from class 5 to class 7.

Areas in class 8 are generally not suitable for crops,

pasture, or woodland without a level of management

that is impractical. These areas may have potential for

other uses, such as recreational facilities and wildlife

habitat.

Capability subclasses identify the dominant kind of

limitation in the class. They are designated by adding a

small letter, e, w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for

example, 2e. The letter e shows that the main hazard

is the risk of erosion unless a close-growing plant

cover is maintained; w shows that water in or on the

soil interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some

soils the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); s shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c, used

in only some parts of the United States, shows that the

chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very dry.

There are no subclasses in class 1 because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use mainly to pasture, woodland, wildlife habitat, or

recreation.

The capability classification of the soils in the

survey area is given in the table “Land Capability and

Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture” at the end of

this section.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is of major importance in meeting

the Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. The acreage of high-quality farmland is limited,

and the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that government at local, State, and Federal levels, as

well as individuals, must encourage and facilitate the

wise use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland soils, as defined by the U.S.

Department of Agriculture, are soils that are best

suited to food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops.

Such soils have properties that favor the economic

production of sustained high yields of crops. The soils

need only to be treated and managed by acceptable

farming methods. An adequate moisture supply and a

sufficiently long growing season are required. Prime

farmland soils produce the highest yields with minimal

expenditure of energy and economic resources, and

farming these soils results in the least damage to the

environment.

Prime farmland soils may presently be used as

cropland, pasture, or woodland or for other purposes.

They either are used for food and fiber or are available

for these uses. Urban or built-up land, public land, and

water areas cannot be considered prime farmland.

Urban or built-up land is any contiguous unit of land 10

acres or more in size that is used for such purposes

as housing, industrial, and commercial sites, sites for

institutions or public buildings, small parks, golf

courses, cemeteries, railroad yards, airports, sanitary

landfills, sewage treatment plants, and water-control

structures. Public land is land not available for farming

in National forests, National parks, military

reservations, and State parks.

Prime farmland soils commonly receive an

adequate and dependable supply of moisture from

precipitation or irrigation. The temperature and growing

season are favorable, and the level of acidity or

alkalinity and the content of salts and sodium are

acceptable. The soils have few, if any, rocks and are

permeable to water and air. They are not excessively

erodible or saturated with water for long periods, and

they are not frequently flooded during the growing

season or are protected from flooding. Slopes range

mainly from 0 to 6 percent.

Soils that have a high water table or are subject to

flooding may qualify as prime farmland where these

limitations are overcome by drainage measures or

flood control. Onsite evaluation is necessary to

determine the effectiveness of corrective measures.

More information about the criteria for prime farmland

can be obtained at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

A recent trend in land use has been the conversion

of prime farmland to urban and industrial uses. The

loss of prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on

lands that are less productive than prime farmland.

About 24,640 acres, or nearly 4 percent of the

survey area, meets the requirements for prime

farmland.

The map units in the survey area that meet the

requirements for prime farmland are listed in the table

“Prime Farmland.” On some soils included in the table,

measures that overcome limitations are needed. The

need for these measures is indicated in parentheses

after the map unit name. The location of each map unit

is shown on the detailed soil maps. The soil qualities
164 Soil Survey of

that affect use and management are described in the

section “Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units” in

Part I of this publication. This list does not constitute a

recommendation for a particular land use.

Erosion Factors

Soil erodibility (K) and soil-loss tolerance (T) factors

are used in an equation that predicts the amount of

soil lost through water erosion in areas of cropland.

The procedure for predicting soil loss is useful in

guiding the selection of soil and water conservation

practices. The erosion factors for the soils in the

survey area are listed in the table “Physical Properties

of the Soils.”

Soil Erodibility (K) Factor

The soil erodibility (K) factor indicates the

susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by

water. The soil properties that influence erodibility are

those that affect the infiltration rate, the movement of

water through the soil, and the water storage capacity

of the soil and those that allow the soil to resist

dispersion, splashing, abrasion, and the transporting

forces of rainfall and runoff. The most important soil

properties are the content of silt plus very fine sand,

the content of sand coarser than very fine sand, the

content of organic matter, soil structure, and

permeability.

Fragment-Free Soil Erodibility (Kf) Factor

This is one of the factors used in the Revised

Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). It shows the

erodibility of the fine-earth fraction, or the material less

than 2 millimeters in size.

Soil-Loss Tolerance (T) Factor

The soil-loss tolerance (T) factor is an estimate of

the maximum annual rate of soil erosion that can

occur over a sustained period without affecting crop

productivity. The rate is expressed in tons of soil loss

per acre per year. Ratings of 1 to 5 are used,

depending on soil properties and prior erosion. The

criteria used in assigning a T factor to a soil include

maintenance of an adequate rooting depth for crop

production, potential reduction of crop yields,

maintenance of water-control structures affected by

sedimentation, prevention of gullying, and the value of

nutrients lost through erosion.

Wind Erodibility Groups

Wind erodibility is directly related to the percentage

of dry, nonerodible surface soil aggregates larger than

0.84 millimeter in diameter. From this percentage, the

wind erodibility index (I) factor is determined. This

factor is an expression of the stability of the soil

aggregates, or the extent to which they are broken

down by tillage and the abrasion caused by windblown

soil particles. Soils are assigned to wind erodibility

groups (WEG) having similar percentages of dry soil

aggregates larger than 0.84 millimeter. The wind

erodibility groups and wind erodibility index are listed

in the table “Physical Properties of the Soils.”

Additional information about wind erodibility groups

and K, Kf, T, and I factors can be obtained from local

offices of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings

Windbreaks protect livestock, buildings, and yards

from wind and snow. They also protect fruit trees and

gardens, and they furnish habitat for wildlife. Several

rows of low- and high-growing broadleaf and

coniferous trees and shrubs provide the most

protection.

Field windbreaks are narrow plantings made at right

angles to the prevailing wind and at specific intervals

across the field. The interval depends on the erodibility

of the soil. Field windbreaks protect cropland and

crops from wind, help to keep snow on the fields, and

provide food and cover for wildlife.

Environmental plantings help to beautify and screen

houses and other buildings and to abate noise. The

plants, mostly evergreen shrubs and trees, are closely

spaced. To ensure plant survival, a healthy planting

stock of suitable species should be planted properly

on a well prepared site and maintained in good

condition.

Windbreaks are often planted on land that did not

originally support trees. Knowledge of how trees

perform on such land can be gained only by observing

and recording the performance of trees that have been

planted and have survived. Many popular windbreak

species are not indigenous to the areas in which they

are planted.

Each tree or shrub species has certain climatic and

physiographic limits. Within these parameters, a tree

or shrub may grow well or grow poorly, depending on

the characteristics of the soil. Each tree or shrub has

definable potential heights in a given physiographic
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 165

area and under a given climate. Accurate definitions of

potential heights are necessary when a windbreak is

planned and designed.

The table “Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings” shows the height that locally grown trees

and shrubs are expected to reach in 20 years on

various soils. The estimates in this table are based on

measurements and observation of established

plantings that have been given adequate care. They

can be used as a guide in planning windbreaks and

screens. Additional information on planning

windbreaks and screens and planting and caring for

trees and shrubs can be obtained from local offices of

the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Cooperative Extension Service or from a nursery.

Windbreak Suitability Groups

Windbreak suitability groups consist of soils in

which the kinds and degrees of the hazards and

limitations that affect the survival and growth of trees

and shrubs in windbreaks are about the same. The

windbreak suitability group for each soil in the survey

area is listed in the table “Windbreak Suitability

Groups” at the end of this section. The following

paragraphs describe the characteristics of the soils in

each group.

Group 1 consists of soils that are somewhat poorly

drained or moderately well drained, are rapidly

permeable to moderately slowly permeable, and do

not have free carbonates in the upper 20 inches.

Group 1K consists of soils that are somewhat

poorly drained or moderately well drained, are rapidly

permeable to moderately slowly permeable, and have

free carbonates within 20 inches of the surface. These

soils may be very slightly saline or slightly saline (the

electrical conductivity is 2 to 8).

Group 2 consists of poorly drained soils that have

been artificially drained and do not have free

carbonates in the upper 20 inches. Permeability

varies.

Group 2K consists of poorly drained or very poorly

drained soils that have been artificially drained and

have free carbonates within 20 inches of the surface.

Permeability varies. These soils may be very slightly

saline or slightly saline (the electrical conductivity is 2

to 8).

Group 2H consists of very poorly drained soils that

have been artificially drained and have more than 16

inches of organic material. Permeability varies.

Group 2W consists of very poorly drained soils that

are subject to ponding and have been artificially

drained. It includes soils that have an organic surface

layer up to 16 inches thick. Permeability varies.

Group 3 consists of soils that are well drained or

moderately well drained and are loamy or silty

throughout. Permeability is moderate or moderately

slow. These soils do not have free carbonates in the

upper 20 inches.

Group 4 consists of soils that are well drained,

moderately well drained, or somewhat poorly drained

and have a silty or loamy surface layer and a clayey

subsoil. Permeability is slow or very slow.

Group 4C consists of soils that are well drained,

moderately well drained, or somewhat poorly drained

and have a clayey surface layer and subsoil.

Permeability is slow or very slow.

Group 4F consists of soils that are well drained,

moderately well drained, or somewhat poorly drained

and have a substratum of dense till. Permeability is

slow or very slow.

Group 5 consists of soils that are excessively

drained to moderately well drained and have a

moderate available water capacity. These soils are

dominantly fine sandy loam or sandy loam, but some

are sandy in the upper part and loamy in the lower

part.

Group 6G consists of excessively drained to

moderately well drained soils that are loamy in the

upper part and have sand or sand and gravel at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches. These soils have a low or

moderate available water capacity.

Group 6D consists of excessively drained to

moderately well drained, loamy soils that have bedrock

at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. These soils have a low

or moderate available water capacity.

Group 7 consists of excessively drained to well

drained soils that are dominantly loamy fine sand or

coarser textured and are shallow to sand or to sand

and gravel. These soils have a low available water

capacity.

Group 8 consists of excessively drained to well

drained, loamy soils that have free carbonates within

20 inches of the surface.

Group 9W consists of soils that are somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

and are moderately saline (the electrical conductivity

is 8 to 16).

Group 10 consists of soils or miscellaneous land

types that generally are not suitable for windbreaks.

One or more characteristics, such as soil depth,

texture, wetness, available water capacity, or slope,

limit the planting, survival, or growth of trees and

shrubs.
166 Soil Survey of

Cropland Management Considerations

 (See text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

82B: |

 Redeye-------------------| Dense layer

 | Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Wind erosion

 |

82C: |

 Redeye-------------------| Dense layer

 | Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

133B, 133C: |

 Dalbo--------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

139B: |

 Huntersville-------------| Dense layer

 | Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Wind erosion

 |

147: |

 Spooner------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

158B: |

 Zimmerman----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

158C: |

 Zimmerman----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

167A: |

 Baudette-----------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 167

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

170: |

 Blomford-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

202: |

 Meehan-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

207B: |

 Nymore-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

207C: |

 Nymore-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

207D: |

 Nymore-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

260: |

 Duelm--------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

261: |

 Isan---------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

267B: |

 Snellman-----------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

346: |

 Talmoon------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 |
168 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

406A: |

 Dorset-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

488: |

 Becida-------------------| Dense layer

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Surface stones

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

526C: |

 Steamboat----------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 |

 Seelyeville--------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

526E: |

 Steamboat----------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Seelyeville--------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

540: |

 Seelyeville--------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

541: |

 Rifle--------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 169

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

545: |

 Rondeau------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

567A: |

 Verndale-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

574G: |

 Steamboat----------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

628: |

 Talmoon------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

672: |

 Willosippi---------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

675C: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 |

 Eagleview----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Steamboat----------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |
170 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

675E: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Eagleview----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Steamboat----------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

675G: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Eagleview----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Steamboat----------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

701: |

 Runeberg-----------------| Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

709B, 709C: |

 Lengby-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 171

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

719B: |

 Rondeau------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water erosion

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

731A: |

 Sanburn------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

744B: |

 Debs---------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

 Akeley-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

746: |

 Haslie-------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

775B: |

 Sugarbush----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

775C: |

 Sugarbush----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |
172 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

775C: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

778B: |

 Dorset-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Corliss------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

778C: |

 Dorset-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Corliss------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

797: |

 Mooselake----------------| High organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

 Lupton-------------------| High organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

799: |

 Seelyeville--------------| Flooding

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Bowstring----------------| Flooding

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 173

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

820B, 820C: |

 Potatolake---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Water table

 |

831C: |

 Akeley-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Debs---------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

831E: |

 Akeley-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Debs---------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

844B: |

 Sanburn------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

867B: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Menahga------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |
174 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

867C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Menahga------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

867E, 867F: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Menahga------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1015: |

 Udipsamments. |

 |

1016: |

 Udorthents. |

 |

1021C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Sanburn------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1027: |

 Udorthents. |

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 175

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

1030: |

 Pits, gravel. |

 |

 Udipsamments. |

 |

1111: |

 Nidaros------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Flooding

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1113: |

 Haslie-------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

 Seelyeville--------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

 Cathro-------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

1126B: |

 Verndale-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Nymore-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

1127A: |

 Bootlake-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |
176 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

1127B: |

 Bootlake-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

1136: |

 Nidaros------------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1164: |

 Zerkel-------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 |

1200: |

 Egglake------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

1230: |

 Haslie-------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

 Nidaros------------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

1238E: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 177

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

1238F: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1244B: |

 Sol----------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1244C: |

 Sol----------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1244E: |

 Sol----------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |
178 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

1247D: |

 Corliss------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Dorset-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1248C: |

 Nymore-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Verndale-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1249C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Bootlake-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1271: |

 Roscommon----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1272B: |

 Sol----------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 179

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

1294: |

 Nary---------------------| Acid soil

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 |

1319B: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Dense layer

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1319C: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Dense layer

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1319D: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Dense layer

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1320B: |

 Blowers------------------| Dense layer

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1321: |

 Paddock------------------| Dense layer

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Surface stones

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Becida-------------------| Dense layer

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Surface stones

 | Water table

 |

1332B, 1332C: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Dense layer

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |
180 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

1332E: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Dense layer

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1334: |

 Huntersville-------------| Dense layer

 | Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Wind erosion

 |

1336: |

 Blowers------------------| Dense layer

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Surface stones

 | Wind erosion

 |

1356: |

 Water. |

 |

1421B: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Dense layer

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 |

1421C: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Dense layer

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 181

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

1421E: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Dense layer

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1438B: |

 Braham-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

1439: |

 Cathro-------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1440B: |

 Redeye-------------------| Dense layer

 | Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Wind erosion

 |

1440C: |

 Redeye-------------------| Dense layer

 | Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1444: |

 Wurtsmith----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |
182 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

1445: |

 Markey-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1447: |

 Beltrami-----------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1450B: |

 Sanburn------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Surface stones

 |

1450C: |

 Sanburn------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1450E: |

 Sanburn------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1460B: |

 Nebish-------------------| Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1460C: |

 Nebish-------------------| Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1943: |

 Roscommon----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 183

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

1956: |

 Staples------------------| Dense layer

 | Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1968: |

 Evart--------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Flooding

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

1969: |

 Evart--------------------| Channeled

 | Excessive permeability

 | Flooding

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

 Isan---------------------| Channeled

 | Excessive permeability

 | Flooding

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 | ______________________________________________________________________________
184 Soil Survey of

Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for nonirrigated areas. Absence

 of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Corn silage | Kentucky | Oats

 and soil name | capability | | alfalfa hay | | | bluegrass |

 | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | AUM* | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

82B--------------| 3s | 50 | 2.3 | 65 | 6.5 | 3.3 | 60

 Redeye | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

82C--------------| 3e | 40 | 1.9 | 55 | 5.5 | 2.8 | 50

 Redeye | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

133B-------------| 2e | 65 | 5.0 | 85 | 8.5 | 3.8 | 80

 Dalbo | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

133C-------------| 3e | 50 | 4.2 | 70 | 7.0 | 3.2 | 65

 Dalbo | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

139B-------------| 3s | 50 | 2.3 | 65 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 60

 Huntersville | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

147--------------| 4w | 50 | --- | 70 | 7.0 | 3.3 | 65

 Spooner | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

158B-------------| 4s | 25 | 2.2 | 40 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 35

 Zimmerman | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

158C-------------| 6s | 20 | 1.9 | 30 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 25

 Zimmerman | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

167A-------------| 1 | 75 | 4.8 | 100 | 10.0 | 3.2 | 95

 Baudette | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

170--------------| 3w | 35 | --- | 50 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 45

 Blomford | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

202--------------| 4w | 35 | --- | 50 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 45

 Meehan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

207B-------------| 4s | 30 | 2.0 | 45 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 40

 Nymore | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

207C-------------| 6s | 25 | 1.7 | 40 | 4.0 | 1.7 | 35

 Nymore | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

207D-------------| 6s | --- | 1.4 | --- | --- | 1.6 | ---

 Nymore | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

260--------------| 4s | 40 | 2.3 | 55 | 5.5 | 3.5 | 50

 Duelm | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

261--------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Isan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

267B-------------| 2e | 60 | 4.2 | 85 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 80

 Snellman | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

346--------------| 2w | 50 | --- | 70 | 7.0 | 3.3 | 65

 Talmoon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

406A-------------| 3s | 40 | 2.4 | 55 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 50

 Dorset | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 185

 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Corn silage | Kentucky | Oats

 and soil name | capability | | alfalfa hay | | | bluegrass |

 | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | AUM* | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

488--------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.1 | ---

 Becida | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

526C-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.4 | ---

 Steamboat-------| 4e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 8w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

526E-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.1 | ---

 Steamboat-------| 6e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 8w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

540--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Seelyeville | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

541--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Rifle | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

545--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Rondeau | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

567A-------------| 3s | 45 | 2.5 | 60 | 6.0 | 2.3 | 55

 Verndale | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

574G-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.9 | ---

 Steamboat-------| 7e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 7s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

628--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Talmoon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

672--------------| 4w | 50 | --- | 70 | 7.0 | 3.3 | 65

 Willosippi | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

675C-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.1 | ---

 Two Inlets------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 4e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

675E-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.6 | ---

 Two Inlets------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 6e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

675G-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.4 | ---

 Two Inlets------| 7s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 7e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
186 Soil Survey of

 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Corn silage | Kentucky | Oats

 and soil name | capability | | alfalfa hay | | | bluegrass |

 | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | AUM* | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

701--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Runeberg | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

709B-------------| 2e | 65 | 5.0 | 85 | 8.5 | 3.8 | 80

 Lengby | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

709C-------------| 3e | 55 | 4.2 | 75 | 7.5 | 3.2 | 70

 Lengby | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

719B-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Rondeau | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

731A-------------| 3s | 35 | 2.1 | 50 | 5.5 | 3.3 | 45

 Sanburn | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

744B-------------| | 60 | 5.0 | 85 | 8.5 | 3.8 | 80

 Debs------------| 2e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

746--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Haslie | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

775B-------------| | 35 | 2.2 | 50 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 45

 Sugarbush-------| 3s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

775C-------------| | 25 | 1.9 | 40 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 35

 Sugarbush-------| 4e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

778B-------------| | 35 | 2.4 | 50 | 5.0 | 2.1 | 45

 Dorset----------| 3s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

778C-------------| | 30 | 2.0 | 45 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 40

 Dorset----------| 4e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

797--------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Mooselake-------| 6w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------| 7w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

799--------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Seelyeville-----| 6w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Bowstring-------| 6w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

820B-------------| 2e | 75 | 5.0 | 95 | 9.5 | 3.8 | 90

 Potatolake | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

820C-------------| 3e | 65 | 4.2 | 85 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 80

 Potatolake | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 187

 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Corn silage | Kentucky | Oats

 and soil name | capability | | alfalfa hay | | | bluegrass |

 | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | AUM* | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

831C-------------| | 30 | 2.0 | 45 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 40

 Akeley----------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Debs------------| 3e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

831E-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.3 | ---

 Akeley----------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Debs------------| 6e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

844B-------------| | 30 | 2.1 | 45 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 40

 Sanburn---------| 3s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

867B-------------| | 25 | 2.1 | 40 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 35

 Graycalm--------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

867C-------------| | 20 | 1.9 | 30 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 25

 Graycalm--------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

867E-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.3 | ---

 Graycalm--------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 7s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

867F-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.0 | ---

 Graycalm--------| 7s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 7s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1015-------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Udipsamments | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1016-------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Udorthents | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1021C------------| | 20 | 1.9 | 30 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 25

 Graycalm--------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 4e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1027. | | | | | | |

 Udorthents | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1111-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Nidaros | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
188 Soil Survey of

 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Corn silage | Kentucky | Oats

 and soil name | capability | | alfalfa hay | | | bluegrass |

 | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | AUM* | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

1113-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Haslie----------| 8w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 8w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 8w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1126B------------| | 40 | 2.5 | 55 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 50

 Verndale--------| 3s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1127A------------| | 40 | 2.2 | 55 | 5.5 | 3.4 | 50

 Bootlake--------| 3s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1127B------------| | 40 | 2.2 | 55 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 50

 Bootlake--------| 3s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1136-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Nidaros | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1164-------------| 1 | 75 | 4.8 | 95 | 9.5 | 3.2 | 90

 Zerkel | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1200-------------| 2w | 50 | --- | 70 | 7.0 | 3.3 | 65

 Egglake | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1230-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Haslie----------| 8w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| 8w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1238E------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.3 | ---

 Two Inlets------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 6e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1238F------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.0 | ---

 Two Inlets------| 7s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 6e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1244B------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.0 | ---

 Sol-------------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1244C------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.4 | ---

 Sol-------------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1244E------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.2 | ---

 Sol-------------| 7s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 189

 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Corn silage | Kentucky | Oats

 and soil name | capability | | alfalfa hay | | | bluegrass |

 | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | AUM* | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

1247D------------| | --- | 1.4 | --- | --- | 1.5 | ---

 Corliss---------| 6e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| 6e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1248C------------| | 25 | 1.7 | 40 | 4.0 | 1.7 | 35

 Nymore----------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------| 4e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1249C------------| | 20 | 1.9 | 30 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 25

 Graycalm--------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| 4e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1271-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Roscommon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1272B------------| 2e | 65 | 4.2 | 85 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 80

 Sol | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1294-------------| 2s | 65 | 4.2 | 85 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 80

 Nary | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1319B------------| 2e | 60 | 4.0 | 80 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 75

 Rockwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1319C------------| 3e | 50 | 3.4 | 70 | 7.0 | 3.4 | 65

 Rockwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1319D------------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | ---

 Rockwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1320B------------| 2e | 60 | 3.8 | 80 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 75

 Blowers | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1321-------------| | 50 | --- | 65 | 6.5 | 3.6 | 60

 Paddock---------| 2w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Becida----------| 2w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1332B------------| 3s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.4 | ---

 Rockwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1332C------------| 4e | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.9 | ---

 Rockwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1332E------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.2 | ---

 Rockwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1334-------------| 3s | 40 | 2.0 | 55 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 50

 Huntersville | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1336-------------| 3s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.4 | ---

 Blowers | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1421B------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.4 | ---

 Rockwood--------| 3s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
190 Soil Survey of

 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Corn silage | Kentucky | Oats

 and soil name | capability | | alfalfa hay | | | bluegrass |

 | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | AUM* | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

1421C------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.9 | ---

 Rockwood--------| 4e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1421E------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.2 | ---

 Rockwood--------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 6s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1438B------------| 3s | 65 | 4.2 | 85 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 80

 Braham | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1439-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Cathro | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1440B------------| 3s | 35 | 2.0 | 50 | 5.0 | 2.8 | 45

 Redeye | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1440C------------| 3e | 30 | 1.7 | 45 | 4.5 | 2.4 | 40

 Redeye | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1444-------------| 4s | 40 | 2.2 | 55 | 5.5 | 3.5 | 50

 Wurtsmith | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1445-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Markey | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1447-------------| 1 | 75 | 5.0 | 95 | 9.5 | 3.8 | 90

 Beltrami | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1450B------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | ---

 Sanburn | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1450C------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.6 | ---

 Sanburn | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1450E------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.9 | ---

 Sanburn | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1460B------------| 2e | 75 | 4.8 | 95 | 9.5 | 3.2 | 90

 Nebish | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1460C------------| 3e | 80 | 4.1 | 85 | 8.5 | 2.7 | 80

 Nebish | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1943-------------| 4w | 30 | --- | 45 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 40

 Roscommon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1956-------------| 3w | 35 | --- | 50 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 45

 Staples | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1968-------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Evart | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 191

 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Corn silage | Kentucky | Oats

 and soil name | capability | | alfalfa hay | | | bluegrass |

 | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Tons | Bu | Tons | AUM* | Bu __ ____ __ ____ ____ __

 | | | | | | |

1969-------------| | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Evart-----------| 8w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Isan------------| 7w | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Animal unit month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse, one

mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.
192 Soil Survey of

Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are not

 considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions, the conditions are

 specified in parentheses after the soil name)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol|

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

133B |Dalbo silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

147 |Spooner silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

167A |Baudette silt loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

267B |Snellman sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

346 |Talmoon loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

672 |Willosippi loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

709B |Lengby fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

820B |Potatolake very fine sandy loam, 1 to 8 percent slopes

1164 |Zerkel loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

1200 |Egglake loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

1272B |Sol fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

1294 |Nary fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

1319B |Rockwood sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, stony

1320B |Blowers sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, stony

1321 |Paddock-Becida complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, stony (where drained)

1447 |Beltrami very fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

1460B |Nebish very fine sandy loam, moderately wet, 2 to 6 percent slopes

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 193

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings

 (Absence of an entry indicates that trees generally do not grow to the given height)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

82B: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine. |

 | | peashrub, lilac. | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | eastern white | |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |

82C: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine. |

 | | peashrub, lilac. | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | eastern white | |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |

133B: | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, common | white pine. |

 | | Tatarian | chokecherry. | |

 | | honeysuckle, | | |

 | | lilac, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

133C: | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, common | white pine. |

 | | Tatarian | chokecherry. | |

 | | honeysuckle, | | |

 | | lilac, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

139B: | | | | |

 Huntersville----|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, red pine, |

 | | peashrub, lilac. | spruce, blue | eastern white |

 | | | spruce. | pine. |

 | | | | |

147: | | | | |

 Spooner---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|White spruce, blue|Green ash, eastern|Carolina poplar.

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, Scotch | white pine, |

 | | lilac, American | pine, northern | American |

 | | cranberrybush. | whitecedar. | basswood, |

 | | | | Siberian elm. |

 | | | | |

158B: | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | Manchurian | bur oak. | elm. |

 | | crabapple, lilac,| | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |
194 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

158C: | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | Manchurian | bur oak. | elm. |

 | | crabapple, lilac,| | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

167A: | | | | |

 Baudette--------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, common | |

 | | lilac. | chokecherry, | |

 | | | northern | |

 | | | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

170: | | | | |

 Blomford--------| --- |Peking |Balsam fir, white |Silver maple, | ---

 | | cotoneaster, | spruce. | green ash, |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | Siberian elm. |

 | | honeysuckle, | | |

 | | northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

202: | | | | |

 Meehan----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|White spruce, blue|Green ash, jack | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, northern | pine, red pine, |

 | | American plum, | whitecedar. | eastern white |

 | | lilac. | | pine. |

 | | | | |

207B: | | | | |

 Nymore----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

207C: | | | | |

 Nymore----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

207D: | | | | |

 Nymore----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

260: | | | | |

 Duelm-----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|White spruce, blue|Green ash, jack | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce. | pine, red pine, |

 | | lilac, American | | eastern white |

 | | cranberrybush. | | pine. |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 195

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

267B: | | | | |

 Snellman--------| --- |Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, eastern| ---

 | | American plum, | Manchurian | white pine, |

 | | lilac, American | crabapple, blue | Siberian elm. |

 | | cranberrybush. | spruce, bur oak, | |

 | | | northern | |

 | | | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

346: | | | | |

 Talmoon---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Amur maple, |Green ash, eastern|Silver maple.

 | | redosier dogwood,| Manchurian | white pine, |

 | | common | crabapple, white | American |

 | | chokecherry, | spruce, Scotch | basswood. |

 | | American | pine, northern | |

 | | cranberrybush. | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

406A: | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Siberian peashrub,|Redosier dogwood, |Green ash, jack | --- | ---

 | Peking | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | |

 | cotoneaster, | crabapple, common| eastern white | |

 | lilac. | chokecherry. | pine. | |

 | | | | |

488: | | | | |

 Becida----------|Peking cotoneaster|Redosier dogwood, |White spruce, blue|Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Manchurian | spruce. | pine, eastern |

 | | crabapple, common| | white pine. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

526C: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Peking cotoneaster|Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | Manchurian | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | crabapple, white | white pine, |

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | spruce, northern | |

 | | chokecherry, | whitecedar. | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | crabapple, red | |

 | | oak, lilac, | pine. | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

526E: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Peking cotoneaster|Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | Manchurian | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | crabapple, white | white pine, |

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | spruce, northern | |

 | | chokecherry, | whitecedar. | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | crabapple, red | |

 | | oak, lilac, | pine. | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |
196 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

567A: | | | | |

 Verndale--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, | --- |Carolina poplar.

 | | hackberry, | Manchurian | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, white | |

 | | lilac. | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | eastern white | |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |

574G: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Peking cotoneaster|Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | Manchurian | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | crabapple, white | white pine, |

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | spruce, northern | |

 | | chokecherry, | whitecedar. | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | crabapple, red | |

 | | oak, lilac, | pine. | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

672: | | | | |

 Willosippi------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Amur maple, |Green ash, eastern|Silver maple.

 | | redosier dogwood,| Manchurian | white pine, |

 | | common | crabapple, white | American |

 | | chokecherry, | spruce, northern | basswood. |

 | | American | whitecedar. | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

675C: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | crabapple, red | |

 | | oak, lilac, | pine. | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Silver maple, |Jack pine, | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| green ash, | American |

 | | blue spruce, | Manchurian | basswood. |

 | | lilac, northern | crabapple, white | |

 | | whitecedar. | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | Scotch pine. | |

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Peking cotoneaster|Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | Manchurian | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | crabapple, white | white pine, |

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | spruce, northern | |

 | | chokecherry, | whitecedar. | |

 | | lilac, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 197

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

675E: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | crabapple, red | |

 | | oak, lilac, | pine. | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Silver maple, |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| green ash, | |

 | | blue spruce, | Manchurian | |

 | | lilac. | crabapple, white | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | Scotch pine. | |

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Peking cotoneaster|Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | Manchurian | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | crabapple, white | white pine, |

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, American | spruce, northern | |

 | | cranberrybush. | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

675G: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | crabapple, red | |

 | | oak, lilac, | pine. | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Silver maple, |Jack pine, | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| green ash, | American |

 | | lilac, northern | Manchurian | basswood. |

 | | whitecedar. | crabapple, white | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | Scotch pine. | |

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Peking cotoneaster|Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | Manchurian | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | crabapple, white | white pine, |

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, American | spruce, northern | |

 | | cranberrybush. | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

709B: | | | | |

 Lengby----------|Peking cotoneaster|Siberian peashrub,|White spruce, blue|Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Manchurian | spruce, bur oak, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, lilac,| northern | elm. |

 | | American | whitecedar. | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

709C: | | | | |

 Lengby----------|Peking cotoneaster|Siberian peashrub,|White spruce, blue|Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Manchurian | spruce, bur oak, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, lilac,| northern | elm. |

 | | American | whitecedar. | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |
198 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

731A: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Hackberry, green |Eastern white pine| ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| ash, jack pine, | |

 | | Manchurian | blue spruce, red | |

 | | crabapple, bur | pine. | |

 | | oak, lilac, | | |

 | | northern | | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

744B: | | | | |

 Debs------------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, northern | |

 | | lilac. | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | Siberian | green ash, | |

 | | peashrub, lilac. | Manchurian | |

 | | | crabapple, white | |

 | | | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | eastern white | |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |

775B: | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, | --- | --- |Carolina poplar.

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | hackberry, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, bur | | |

 | | oak, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Red pine----------|Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | | |

 | | oak, lilac, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

775C: | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, | --- | --- |Carolina poplar.

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | hackberry, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, bur | | |

 | | oak, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 199

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

775C: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Red pine----------|Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | | |

 | | oak, lilac, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

778B: | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Siberian peashrub,|Amur maple, |Green ash, jack | --- | ---

 | Peking | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | |

 | cotoneaster, | crabapple, common| eastern white | |

 | lilac. | chokecherry. | pine, bur oak. | |

 | | | | |

 Corliss---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Silver maple, |Carolina poplar. | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| green ash, | |

 | | common | white spruce, | |

 | | chokecherry, | blue spruce, red | |

 | | lilac, American | pine, Scotch | |

 | | cranberrybush. | pine, bur oak. | |

 | | | | |

778C: | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Siberian peashrub,|Amur maple, |Green ash, jack | --- | ---

 | Peking | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | |

 | cotoneaster, | crabapple, common| eastern white | |

 | lilac. | chokecherry. | pine, bur oak. | |

 | | | | |

 Corliss---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Silver maple, |Carolina poplar---| ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| green ash, | |

 | | common | white spruce, | |

 | | chokecherry, | blue spruce, red | |

 | | lilac, American | pine, Scotch | |

 | | cranberrybush. | pine, bur oak. | |

 | | | | |

820B: | | | | |

 Potatolake------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, northern | |

 | | lilac. | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

820C: | | | | |

 Potatolake------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, northern | |

 | | lilac. | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

831C: | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, |Hackberry, green |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | Siberian | ash, white | |

 | | peashrub, lilac. | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | eastern white | |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |

 Debs------------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, northern | |

 | | lilac. | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |
200 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

831E: | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, |Hackberry, green |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | Siberian | ash, white | |

 | | peashrub, lilac. | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | eastern white | |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |

 Debs------------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, northern | |

 | | lilac. | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

844B: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Hackberry, green |Eastern white pine| ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| ash, jack pine, | |

 | | Manchurian | blue spruce, red | |

 | | crabapple, bur | pine. | |

 | | oak, lilac, | | |

 | | northern | | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

867B: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

867C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 201

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

867E: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

867F: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1021C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Hackberry, green |Eastern white pine| ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| ash, jack pine, | |

 | | Manchurian | blue spruce, red | |

 | | crabapple, bur | pine. | |

 | | oak, lilac, | | |

 | | northern | | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

1126B: | | | | |

 Verndale--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, | --- |Carolina poplar.

 | | hackberry, common| Manchurian | |

 | | chokecherry, | crabapple, white | |

 | | lilac. | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | eastern white | |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |

 Nymore----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | Manchurian | bur oak. | elm. |

 | | crabapple, common| | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac. | | |

 | | | | |
202 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1127A: | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, | --- | --- | ---

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | hackberry, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, bur | | |

 | | oak, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | Manchurian | bur oak. | elm. |

 | | crabapple, common| | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

1127B: | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, | --- | --- | ---

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | hackberry, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, bur | | |

 | | oak, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | crabapple, common| bur oak. | elm. |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1164: | | | | |

 Zerkel----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Amur maple, |Green ash, red |Carolina poplar.

 | | redosier dogwood,| Manchurian | pine, northern |

 | | American plum, | crabapple, white | red oak, American|

 | | common | spruce, blue | basswood. |

 | | chokecherry, | spruce, Scotch | |

 | | lilac, northern | pine. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

1200: | | | | |

 Egglake---------| --- |Peking |White spruce, blue|Green ash, eastern|Silver maple,

 | | cotoneaster, | spruce. | white pine, | Carolina poplar.

 | | redosier dogwood,| | Siberian elm. |

 | | northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | arrowwood. | | |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 203

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1238E: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, red | |

 | | honeysuckle, bur | pine. | |

 | | oak, lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, | --- | --- |Carolina poplar.

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | hackberry, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, bur | | |

 | | oak, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1238F: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Jack pine---------| ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, red | |

 | | honeysuckle, bur | pine. | |

 | | oak, lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, | --- | --- |Carolina poplar.

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | hackberry, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, bur | | |

 | | oak, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1244B: | | | | |

 Sol-------------| --- |Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, eastern| ---

 | | American plum, | redosier dogwood,| white pine, |

 | | lilac, American | Manchurian | Siberian elm. |

 | | cranberrybush. | crabapple, blue | |

 | | | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, | --- | --- |Carolina poplar.

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | hackberry, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, bur | | |

 | | oak, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |
204 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1244C: | | | | |

 Sol-------------| --- |Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, eastern| ---

 | | American plum, | redosier dogwood,| white pine, |

 | | lilac, American | Manchurian | Siberian elm. |

 | | cranberrybush. | crabapple, blue | |

 | | | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, | --- | --- |Carolina poplar.

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | hackberry, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, bur | | |

 | | oak, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1244E: | | | | |

 Sol-------------| --- |Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, eastern| ---

 | | American plum, | redosier dogwood,| white pine, |

 | | lilac, American | Manchurian | Siberian elm. |

 | | cranberrybush. | crabapple, blue | |

 | | | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, | --- | --- |Carolina poplar.

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | hackberry, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, bur | | |

 | | oak, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1247D: | | | | |

 Corliss---------| --- |Amur maple, |Silver maple, |Carolina poplar---| ---

 | | Siberian | green ash, white | |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, blue | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, Scotch | |

 | | common | pine, bur oak. | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Siberian peashrub,|Redosier dogwood, |Green ash, jack | --- | ---

 | Peking | Manchurian | pine, red pine, | |

 | cotoneaster, | crabapple, common| eastern white | |

 | lilac. | chokecherry. | pine, bur oak. | |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 205

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1248C: | | | | |

 Nymore----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | Manchurian | bur oak. | elm. |

 | | crabapple, common| | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

 Verndale--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, | --- |Carolina poplar.

 | | hackberry, | Manchurian | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, white | |

 | | lilac. | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | eastern white | |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |

1249C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, jack |Eastern white | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| pine, red pine, | pine, Siberian |

 | | Manchurian | bur oak. | elm. |

 | | crabapple, common| | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, | --- | --- | ---

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | peashrub, | | |

 | | hackberry, | | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, bur | | |

 | | oak, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1272B: | | | | |

 Sol-------------| --- |Amur maple, |Hackberry, |Green ash, eastern| ---

 | | American plum, | Manchurian | white pine, |

 | | lilac, American | crabapple, white | Siberian elm. |

 | | cranberrybush. | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | | | |

1294: | | | | |

 Nary------------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|White spruce, |Green ash, jack | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| northern | pine, red pine, |

 | | blue spruce, | whitecedar. | eastern white |

 | | lilac, American | | pine. |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1319B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | northern | spruce. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |
206 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1319C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | northern | spruce. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

1319D: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | northern | spruce. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

1320B: | | | | |

 Blowers---------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Silver maple, | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | green ash, red |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, bur oak. | pine, eastern |

 | | northern | | white pine. |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

1321: | | | | |

 Paddock---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|White spruce, |Green ash, jack | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| northern | pine, red pine, |

 | | blue spruce, | whitecedar. | eastern white |

 | | lilac, American | | pine, American |

 | | cranberrybush. | | basswood. |

 | | | | |

 Becida----------|Peking cotoneaster|Manchurian |Blue spruce-------|Green ash, jack | ---

 | | crabapple, common| | pine, white |

 | | chokecherry, | | spruce, eastern |

 | | lilac, American | | white pine. |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1332B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | northern | spruce. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

1332C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | northern | spruce. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

1332E: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | northern | spruce. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

1334: | | | | |

 Huntersville----|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, red pine, |

 | | peashrub, lilac. | spruce, blue | eastern white |

 | | | spruce. | pine. |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 207

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1336: | | | | |

 Blowers---------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Silver maple, | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | green ash, red |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, bur oak. | pine, eastern |

 | | northern | | white pine. |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

1421B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | northern | spruce. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Red pine----------|Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | | |

 | | oak, lilac, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1421C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | northern | spruce. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Red pine----------|Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | | |

 | | oak, lilac, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1421E: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | northern | spruce. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Red pine----------|Jack pine---------| ---

 | | honeysuckle, bur | | |

 | | oak, lilac, | | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1438B: | | | | |

 Braham----------| --- |Amur maple, |White spruce, blue|Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Siberian | spruce, red pine,| pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, lilac, | common | white pine. |

 | | American | chokecherry. | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

1440B: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine. |

 | | peashrub, lilac. | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | eastern white | |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |
208 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of--

 Map symbol |______________________________________________________________________________________________

 and soil name | | | | |

 | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1440C: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Honeysuckle-------|Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, jack | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine. |

 | | peashrub, lilac. | spruce, blue | |

 | | | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | | eastern white | |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |

1444: | | | | |

 Wurtsmith-------|Peking cotoneaster|Amur maple, |Jack pine, red |Eastern white pine| ---

 | | Siberian | pine. | |

 | | peashrub, common | | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

1447: | | | | |

 Beltrami--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|White spruce, blue|Green ash, jack | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, common | pine, red pine, |

 | | lilac, American | chokecherry. | eastern white |

 | | cranberrybush. | | pine. |

 | | | | |

1460B: | | | | |

 Nebish----------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, common | |

 | | lilac. | chokecherry, | |

 | | | northern | |

 | | | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

1460C: | | | | |

 Nebish----------| --- |Amur maple, |Manchurian |Green ash, red | ---

 | | Siberian | crabapple, white | pine, eastern |

 | | peashrub, | spruce, blue | white pine. |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, common | |

 | | lilac. | chokecherry, | |

 | | | northern | |

 | | | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

1943: | | | | |

 Roscommon-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Amur maple, white |Green ash, eastern|Silver maple.

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce. | white pine. |

 | | common ninebark, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

1956: | | | | |

 Staples---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Amur maple, white |Green ash, |Silver maple.

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, blue | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac. | spruce, northern | |

 | | | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 209

Windbreak Suitability Groups

 (See text for descriptions of the groups listed in this table)

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 soil name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

82B, 82C: |

 Redeye----------------| 5

 |

133B, 133C: |

 Dalbo-----------------| 4

 |

139B: |

 Huntersville----------| 5

 |

147: |

 Spooner---------------| 2

 |

158B, 158C: |

 Zimmerman-------------| 7

 |

167A: |

 Baudette--------------| 3

 |

170: |

 Blomford--------------| 2

 |

202: |

 Meehan----------------| 1

 |

207B, 207C, 207D: |

 Nymore----------------| 7

 |

260: |

 Duelm-----------------| 1

 |

261: |

 Isan------------------| 10

 |

267B: |

 Snellman--------------| 3

 |

346: |

 Talmoon---------------| 2

 |

406A: |

 Dorset----------------| 6G

 |

488: |

 Becida----------------| 2

 |

526C, 526E: |

 Steamboat-------------| 3

 |

 Two Inlets------------| 7

 |

 Seelyeville-----------| 10

 |

540: |

 Seelyeville-----------| 10

 |

541: |

 Rifle-----------------| 10

 |
210 Soil Survey of

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 soil name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

545: |

 Rondeau---------------| 10

 |

567A: |

 Verndale--------------| 7

 |

574G: |

 Steamboat-------------| 3

 |

 Two Inlets------------| 7

 |

628: |

 Talmoon---------------| 10

 |

672: |

 Willosippi------------| 2

 |

675C, 675E, 675G: |

 Two Inlets------------| 7

 |

 Eagleview-------------| 7

 |

 Steamboat-------------| 3

 |

701: |

 Runeberg--------------| 10

 |

709B, 709C: |

 Lengby----------------| 5

 |

719B: |

 Rondeau---------------| 10

 |

731A: |

 Sanburn---------------| 5

 |

744B: |

 Debs------------------| 3

 |

 Akeley----------------| 7

 |

746: |

 Haslie----------------| 10

 |

775B, 775C: |

 Sugarbush-------------| 6G

 |

 Two Inlets------------| 7

 |

778B, 778C: |

 Dorset----------------| 6G

 |

 Corliss---------------| 7

 |

797: |

 Mooselake-------------| 10

 |

 Lupton----------------| 10

 |

799: |

 Seelyeville-----------| 10

 |

 Bowstring-------------| 10

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 211

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 soil name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

820B, 820C: |

 Potatolake------------| 3

 |

831C, 831E: |

 Akeley----------------| 7

 |

 Debs------------------| 3

 |

844B: |

 Sanburn---------------| 5

 |

 Graycalm--------------| 7

 |

867B, 867C, 867E, 867F:|

 Graycalm--------------| 7

 |

 Menahga---------------| 7

 |

1015: |

 Udipsamments----------| 10

 |

1016: |

 Udorthents------------| 10

 |

1021C: |

 Graycalm--------------| 7

 |

 Sanburn---------------| 5

 |

1027: |

 Udorthents------------| 10

 |

1030: |

 Pits, gravel----------| 10

 |

 Udipsamments----------| 10

 |

1111: |

 Nidaros---------------| 10

 |

1113: |

 Haslie----------------| 10

 |

 Cathro----------------| 10

 |

 Seelyeville-----------| 10

 |

1126B: |

 Verndale--------------| 7

 |

 Nymore----------------| 7

 |

1127A, 1127B: |

 Bootlake--------------| 6G

 |

 Graycalm--------------| 7

 |

1136: |

 Nidaros---------------| 10

 |

1164: |

 Zerkel----------------| 1

 |
212 Soil Survey of

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 soil name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

1200: |

 Egglake---------------| 2

 |

1230: |

 Haslie----------------| 10

 |

 Nidaros---------------| 10

 |

1238E, 1238F: |

 Two Inlets------------| 7

 |

 Sugarbush-------------| 6G

 |

1244B, 1244C, 1244E: |

 Sol-------------------| 3

 |

 Sugarbush-------------| 6G

 |

1247D: |

 Corliss---------------| 7

 |

 Dorset----------------| 6G

 |

1248C: |

 Nymore----------------| 7

 |

 Verndale--------------| 7

 |

1249C: |

 Graycalm--------------| 7

 |

 Bootlake--------------| 6G

 |

1271: |

 Roscommon-------------| 2

 |

1272B: |

 Sol-------------------| 3

 |

1294: |

 Nary------------------| 1

 |

1319B, 1319C, 1319D: |

 Rockwood--------------| 4F

 |

1320B: |

 Blowers---------------| 4F

 |

1321: |

 Paddock---------------| 1

 |

 Becida----------------| 2

 |

1332B, 1332C, 1332E: |

 Rockwood--------------| 4F

 |

1334: |

 Huntersville----------| 5

 |

1336: |

 Blowers---------------| 4F

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 213

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 soil name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

1421B, 1421C, 1421E: |

 Rockwood--------------| 4F

 |

 Two Inlets------------| 7

 |

1438B: |

 Braham----------------| 5

 |

1439: |

 Cathro----------------| 10

 |

1440B, 1440C: |

 Redeye----------------| 5

 |

1444: |

 Wurtsmith-------------| 7

 |

1445: |

 Markey----------------| 10

 |

1447: |

 Beltrami--------------| 1

 |

1450B, 1450C, 1450E: |

 Sanburn---------------| 5

 |

1460B, 1460C: |

 Nebish----------------| 3

 |

1943: |

 Roscommon-------------| 2

 |

1956: |

 Staples---------------| 2

 |

1968: |

 Evart-----------------| 10

 |

1969: |

 Evart-----------------| 10

 |

 Isan------------------| 2

 | _________________________________________________________________

215

Forest land management should be based on the

types of wood products desired and the suitability of

the soils for producing the type and volume of timber

needed. The proper management of the forest

resource in the county is important to the local

economy and provides the necessary balance

between timber harvesting and forest regeneration

(fig. 13). Approximately 80,000 to 100,000 cords of

timber is harvested from Hubbard County each year to

help meet the demands of the forest products industry,

and those demands are likely to increase in the future.

Sound forest management is needed by county, State,

Federal, and private agencies to ensure the quality

and quantity of the timber resource in Hubbard County

for many years to come and to meet the demands of

multiple uses. More information on private forest

management is available from the Minnesota

Department of Natural Resources, local offices of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service, or private

forestry managers.

Information about the hazards and limitations that

should be considered in areas used as forest land are

given in the tables “Forest Land Harvest Equipment

Considerations,” “Forest Haul Road Considerations,”

“Forest Log Landing Considerations,” and “Forest Land

Site Preparation and Planting Considerations.”

Forest Land Harvest Equipment

Considerations

For most soils spring is the most limiting season.

Alternate thawing and freezing during snowmelt cause

saturation and low strength of the surface soil layers.

When thawing is complete, saturation continues for

short periods in well drained soils to nearly all year in

very poorly drained depressional soils. Degrees of

wetness are generally proportionate to water table

height and duration. The water table generally is lower

in the summer during the heavy use of moisture by

vegetation and is nearer the surface during periods

when absorbed precipitation is greater than the

vegetation requires. Harvesting during periods of

saturation usually results in severe soil damage,

except when the soil is frozen. The preferred season

for timber harvest on many soils is winter, when

wetness and low soil strength can be overcome by

freezing.

Considerations shown in the table are as follows:

Slope.—The upper slope limit is more than 15

percent.

Flooding.—The map unit component is frequently

flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

or has a perched water table (any drainage class).

Surface stones.—The words “extremely stony” are

in the map unit name.

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage (low

strength).—The AASHTO classification is A-6, A-7, or

A-8 in any layer at a depth of 20 inches or less.

Poor traction (loose sandy material).—The USDA

texture includes sands or loamy sands in any layer at

a depth of 10 inches or less.

Forest Haul Road Considerations

Haul roads serve as transportation routes from log

landings to primary roads. Generally, haul roads are

unpaved, but some are graveled.

Considerations shown in the table are as follows:

Slope.—The slope is 8 percent or more.

Flooding.—The map unit component is frequently

flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

or has a perched water table (any drainage class).

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Forest Land
216 Soil Survey of

Low bearing strength.—The AASHTO classification

is A-6, A-7, or A-8 in any layer at a depth of 20 inches

or less.

Forest Log Landing Considerations

Log landings are areas where logs are assembled

for transportation. Areas that require little or no cutting,

filling, or surface preparation are desired (fig. 14).

Considerations shown in the table are as follows:

Slope.—The slope is more than 3 percent.

Flooding.—The map unit component is occasionally

flooded or frequently flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

or has a perched water table (any drainage class).

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage (low

strength).—The AASHTO classification is A-6, A-7, or

A-8 in any layer at a depth of 20 inches or less.

Figure 13.—A wooded area of Graycalm-Menahga complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes. Red pine, shown in the foreground, is commonly

planted in harvested areas to meet future demands for forest products.

Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting

Considerations

Considerations shown in this table are as follows:

Slope.—The upper slope limit is more than 15

percent.

Flooding.—The map unit component is frequently

flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly

drained or has a perched water table (any drainage

class).

Surface stones.—The word “stony” is in the map

unit name.

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Water erosion.—The slope is 8 percent or more.

Potential poor tilth and compaction.—The AASHTO

classification is A-6 or A-7 in the upper 10 inches.

Cobbly surface.—The word “cobbly” is in the map

unit name.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 217

Figure 14.—A log landing in an area of Steamboat-Two Inlets-Seelyeville complex, pitted, 0 to 15 percent slopes. Forest products

management and wildlife management are the major land uses in the Itasca Moraine region.
218 Soil Survey of

Forest Land Harvest Equipment Considerations

 (See text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest land harvest equipment

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

82B, 82C: |

 Redeye-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

133B, 133C: |

 Dalbo--------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

139B: |

 Huntersville-------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

147: |

 Spooner------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

158B, 158C: |

 Zimmerman----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

167A: |

 Baudette-----------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

170: |

 Blomford-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

202: |

 Meehan-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

207B, 207C: |

 Nymore-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

207D: |

 Nymore-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

260: |

 Duelm--------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

267B: |

 Snellman-----------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

346: |

 Talmoon------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

406A: |

 Dorset-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

488: |

 Becida-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

526C: |

 Steamboat----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Seelyeville--------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 219

 Forest Land Harvest Equipment Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest land harvest equipment

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

526E: |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

 Seelyeville--------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

541: |

 Rifle--------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

567A: |

 Verndale-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

574G: |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

628: |

 Talmoon------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

672: |

 Willosippi---------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

675C: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Eagleview----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Steamboat----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

675E, 675G: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

 Eagleview----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 |

701: |

 Runeberg-----------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

709B, 709C: |

 Lengby-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

731A: |

 Sanburn------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

744B: |

 Debs---------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

 Akeley-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |
220 Soil Survey of

 Forest Land Harvest Equipment Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest land harvest equipment

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

775B, 775C: |

 Sugarbush----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

778B, 778C: |

 Dorset-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

 Corliss------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

797: |

 Mooselake----------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

 Lupton-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

820B, 820C: |

 Potatolake---------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

831C: |

 Akeley-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Debs---------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

831E: |

 Akeley-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

 Debs---------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

844B: |

 Sanburn------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

867B, 867C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Menahga------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

867E, 867F: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

 Menahga------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

1021C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Sanburn------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1111: |

 Nidaros------------------| Flooding

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1126B: |

 Verndale-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

 Nymore-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 221

 Forest Land Harvest Equipment Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest land harvest equipment

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

1127A, 1127B: |

 Bootlake-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

1136: |

 Nidaros------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1164: |

 Zerkel-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1200: |

 Egglake------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1238E, 1238F: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

1244B, 1244C: |

 Sol----------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

1244E: |

 Sol----------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

1247D: |

 Corliss------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

 Dorset-------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1248C: |

 Nymore-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Verndale-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1249C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Bootlake-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

1271: |

 Roscommon----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

1272B: |

 Sol----------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1294: |

 Nary---------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |
222 Soil Survey of

 Forest Land Harvest Equipment Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest land harvest equipment

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

1319B, 1319C: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

1319D: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

1320B: |

 Blowers------------------| Wetness

 |

1321: |

 Paddock------------------| Wetness

 |

 Becida-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1332B, 1332C: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

1332E: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

1334: |

 Huntersville-------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

1336: |

 Blowers------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

1421B, 1421C: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

1421E: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Slope

 |

1438B: |

 Braham-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

1440B, 1440C: |

 Redeye-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

1444: |

 Wurtsmith----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 |

1447: |

 Beltrami-----------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1450B, 1450C: |

 Sanburn------------------| Surface boulders

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 223

 Forest Land Harvest Equipment Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest land harvest equipment

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

1450E: |

 Sanburn------------------| Slope

 | Surface boulders

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1460B, 1460C: |

 Nebish-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1943: |

 Roscommon----------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

1956: |

 Staples------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

1968: |

 Evart--------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1969: |

 Evart--------------------| Flooding

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

 Isan---------------------| Flooding

 | Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 | ____________________________________________________________________________
224 Soil Survey of

Forest Haul Road Considerations

 (See text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest haul road

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

82B: |

 Redeye-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

82C: |

 Redeye-------------------| Slope

 |

133B, 133C: |

 Dalbo--------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

139B: |

 Huntersville-------------| Wetness

 |

147: |

 Spooner------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

158B: |

 Zimmerman----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

158C: |

 Zimmerman----------------| Slope

 |

167A: |

 Baudette-----------------| Low bearing strength

 |

170: |

 Blomford-----------------| Wetness

 |

202: |

 Meehan-------------------| Wetness

 |

207B: |

 Nymore-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

207C, 207D: |

 Nymore-------------------| Slope

 |

260: |

 Duelm--------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

267B: |

 Snellman-----------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

346: |

 Talmoon------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

406A: |

 Dorset-------------------| Low bearing strength

 |

488: |

 Becida-------------------| Wetness

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 225

 Forest Haul Road Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest haul road

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

526C, 526E: |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

 Seelyeville--------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

541: |

 Rifle--------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

567A: |

 Verndale-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

574G: |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

628: |

 Talmoon------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

672: |

 Willosippi---------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

675C, 675E, 675G: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

 Eagleview----------------| Slope

 |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 |

701: |

 Runeberg-----------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

709B, 709C: |

 Lengby-------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

731A: |

 Sanburn------------------| Low bearing strength

 |

744B: |

 Debs---------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

 Akeley-------------------| Slope

 |

775B, 775C: |

 Sugarbush----------------| Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

778B: |

 Dorset-------------------| Low bearing strength

 |

 Corliss------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |
226 Soil Survey of

 Forest Haul Road Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest haul road

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

778C: |

 Dorset-------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

 Corliss------------------| Slope

 |

797: |

 Mooselake----------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

 Lupton-------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

820B, 820C: |

 Potatolake---------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

831C, 831E: |

 Akeley-------------------| Slope

 |

 Debs---------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

844B: |

 Sanburn------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 |

867B, 867C, 867E, 867F: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 |

 Menahga------------------| Slope

 |

1021C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 |

 Sanburn------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

1111: |

 Nidaros------------------| Flooding

 | Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

1126B: |

 Verndale-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

 Nymore-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1127A: |

 Bootlake-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1127B: |

 Bootlake-----------------| Slope

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 |

1136: |

 Nidaros------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 227

 Forest Haul Road Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest haul road

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

1164: |

 Zerkel-------------------| Low bearing strength

 |

1200: |

 Egglake------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

1238E, 1238F: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Slope

 |

1244B, 1244C, 1244E: |

 Sol----------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Slope

 |

1247D: |

 Corliss------------------| Slope

 |

 Dorset-------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

1248C: |

 Nymore-------------------| Slope

 |

 Verndale-----------------| Slope

 |

1249C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 |

 Bootlake-----------------| Slope

 |

1271: |

 Roscommon----------------| Wetness

 |

1272B: |

 Sol----------------------| Low bearing strength

 |

1294: |

 Nary---------------------| Low bearing strength

 |

1319B: |

 Rockwood-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1319C, 1319D: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Slope

 |

1320B: |

 Blowers------------------| Wetness

 |

1321: |

 Paddock------------------| Wetness

 |

 Becida-------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

1332B, 1332C, 1332E: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Slope

 |

1334: |

 Huntersville-------------| Wetness

 |
228 Soil Survey of

 Forest Haul Road Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest haul road

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

1336: |

 Blowers------------------| Wetness

 |

1421B, 1421C, 1421E: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

1438B: |

 Braham-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1440B, 1440C: |

 Redeye-------------------| Slope

 |

1444: |

 Wurtsmith----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1447: |

 Beltrami-----------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

1450B, 1450C, 1450E: |

 Sanburn------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 | Surface boulders

 |

1460B: |

 Nebish-------------------| Low bearing strength

 |

1460C: |

 Nebish-------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Slope

 |

1943: |

 Roscommon----------------| Wetness

 |

1956: |

 Staples------------------| Wetness

 |

1968: |

 Evart--------------------| Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

1969: |

 Evart--------------------| Flooding

 | Low bearing strength

 | Wetness

 |

 Isan---------------------| Flooding

 | Wetness

 | ____________________________________________________________________________
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 229

Forest Log Landing Considerations

 (See text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest log landing

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

82B, 82C: |

 Redeye-------------------| Slope

 |

133B, 133C: |

 Dalbo--------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

139B: |

 Huntersville-------------| Slope

 | Wetness

 |

147: |

 Spooner------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

158B, 158C: |

 Zimmerman----------------| Slope

 |

167A: |

 Baudette-----------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

170: |

 Blomford-----------------| Wetness

 |

202: |

 Meehan-------------------| Wetness

 |

207B, 207C, 207D: |

 Nymore-------------------| Slope

 |

260: |

 Duelm--------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

267B: |

 Snellman-----------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

346: |

 Talmoon------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

406A: |

 Dorset-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

488: |

 Becida-------------------| Wetness

 |

526C, 526E: |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

 Seelyeville--------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

541: |

 Rifle--------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |
230 Soil Survey of

 Forest Log Landing Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest log landing

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

567A: |

 Verndale-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

574G: |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

628: |

 Talmoon------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

672: |

 Willosippi---------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

675C, 675E, 675G: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

 Eagleview----------------| Slope

 |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 |

701: |

 Runeberg-----------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

709B, 709C: |

 Lengby-------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

731A: |

 Sanburn------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

744B: |

 Debs---------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

 Akeley-------------------| Slope

 |

775B, 775C: |

 Sugarbush----------------| Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

778B, 778C: |

 Dorset-------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

 Corliss------------------| Slope

 |

797: |

 Mooselake----------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

 Lupton-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

820B, 820C: |

 Potatolake---------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 231

 Forest Log Landing Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest log landing

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

831C, 831E: |

 Akeley-------------------| Slope

 |

 Debs---------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

844B: |

 Sanburn------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 |

867B, 867C, 867E, 867F: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 |

 Menahga------------------| Slope

 |

1021C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 |

 Sanburn------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1111: |

 Nidaros------------------| Flooding

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1126B: |

 Verndale-----------------| Slope

 |

 Nymore-------------------| Slope

 |

1127A: |

 Bootlake-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1127B: |

 Bootlake-----------------| Slope

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 |

1136: |

 Nidaros------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1164: |

 Zerkel-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1200: |

 Egglake------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1238E, 1238F: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Slope

 |
232 Soil Survey of

 Forest Log Landing Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest log landing

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

1244B, 1244C, 1244E: |

 Sol----------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Slope

 |

1247D: |

 Corliss------------------| Slope

 |

 Dorset-------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1248C: |

 Nymore-------------------| Slope

 |

 Verndale-----------------| Slope

 |

1249C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 |

 Bootlake-----------------| Slope

 |

1271: |

 Roscommon----------------| Wetness

 |

1272B: |

 Sol----------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1294: |

 Nary---------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1319B, 1319C, 1319D: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Slope

 |

1320B: |

 Blowers------------------| Slope

 | Wetness

 |

1321: |

 Paddock------------------| Wetness

 |

 Becida-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1332B, 1332C, 1332E: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Slope

 |

1334: |

 Huntersville-------------| Wetness

 |

1336: |

 Blowers------------------| Wetness

 |

1421B, 1421C, 1421E: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Slope

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 |

1438B: |

 Braham-------------------| Slope

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 233

 Forest Log Landing Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest log landing

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

1440B, 1440C: |

 Redeye-------------------| Slope

 |

1444: |

 Wurtsmith----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1447: |

 Beltrami-----------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1450B, 1450C, 1450E: |

 Sanburn------------------| Slope

 | Surface boulders

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1460B, 1460C: |

 Nebish-------------------| Slope

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

1943: |

 Roscommon----------------| Wetness

 |

1956: |

 Staples------------------| Wetness

 |

1968: |

 Evart--------------------| Flooding

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

1969: |

 Evart--------------------| Flooding

 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | Wetness

 |

 Isan---------------------| Flooding

 | Wetness

 | ____________________________________________________________________________
234 Soil Survey of

Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting Considerations

 (See text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Site preparation and planting

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

82B: |

 Redeye-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

82C: |

 Redeye-------------------| Water erosion

 |

133B, 133C: |

 Dalbo--------------------| Water erosion

 |

139B: |

 Huntersville-------------| Wetness

 |

147: |

 Spooner------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Wetness

 |

158B: |

 Zimmerman----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

158C: |

 Zimmerman----------------| Water erosion

 |

167A: |

 Baudette-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

170: |

 Blomford-----------------| Wetness

 |

202: |

 Meehan-------------------| Wetness

 |

207B: |

 Nymore-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

207C: |

 Nymore-------------------| Water erosion

 |

207D: |

 Nymore-------------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

260: |

 Duelm--------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

267B: |

 Snellman-----------------| Water erosion

 |

346: |

 Talmoon------------------| Wetness

 |

406A: |

 Dorset-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

488: |

 Becida-------------------| Surface stones

 | Wetness

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 235

 Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Site preparation and planting

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

526C: |

 Steamboat----------------| Water erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Water erosion

 |

 Seelyeville--------------| Wetness

 |

526E: |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Seelyeville--------------| Wetness

 |

541: |

 Rifle--------------------| Wetness

 |

567A: |

 Verndale-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

574G: |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

628: |

 Talmoon------------------| Wetness

 |

672: |

 Willosippi---------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Wetness

 |

675C: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Water erosion

 |

 Eagleview----------------| Water erosion

 |

 Steamboat----------------| Water erosion

 |

675E, 675G: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Eagleview----------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Steamboat----------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

701: |

 Runeberg-----------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Wetness

 |

709B, 709C: |

 Lengby-------------------| Water erosion

 |

731A: |

 Sanburn------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |
236 Soil Survey of

 Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Site preparation and planting

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

744B: |

 Debs---------------------| Water erosion

 |

 Akeley-------------------| Water erosion

 |

775B, 775C: |

 Sugarbush----------------| Water erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Water erosion

 |

778B: |

 Dorset-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

 Corliss------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

778C: |

 Dorset-------------------| Water erosion

 |

 Corliss------------------| Water erosion

 |

797: |

 Mooselake----------------| Wetness

 |

 Lupton-------------------| Wetness

 |

820B, 820C: |

 Potatolake---------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water erosion

 |

831C: |

 Akeley-------------------| Water erosion

 |

 Debs---------------------| Water erosion

 |

831E: |

 Akeley-------------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Debs---------------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

844B: |

 Sanburn------------------| Water erosion

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Water erosion

 |

867B, 867C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Water erosion

 |

 Menahga------------------| Water erosion

 |

867E, 867F: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Menahga------------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

1021C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Water erosion

 |

 Sanburn------------------| Water erosion

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 237

 Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Site preparation and planting

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

1111: |

 Nidaros------------------| Flooding

 | Wetness

 |

1126B: |

 Verndale-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

 Nymore-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1127A: |

 Bootlake-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1127B: |

 Bootlake-----------------| Water erosion

 |

 Graycalm-----------------| Water erosion

 |

1136: |

 Nidaros------------------| Wetness

 |

1164: |

 Zerkel-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1200: |

 Egglake------------------| Wetness

 |

1238E, 1238F: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

1244B, 1244C: |

 Sol----------------------| Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1244E: |

 Sol----------------------| Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

 Sugarbush----------------| Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1247D: |

 Corliss------------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

 Dorset-------------------| Slope

 | Water erosion

 |

1248C: |

 Nymore-------------------| Water erosion

 |

 Verndale-----------------| Water erosion

 |
238 Soil Survey of

 Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Site preparation and planting

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

1249C: |

 Graycalm-----------------| Water erosion

 |

 Bootlake-----------------| Water erosion

 |

1271: |

 Roscommon----------------| Wetness

 |

1272B: |

 Sol----------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1294: |

 Nary---------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1319B: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Surface stones

 |

1319C: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1319D: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1320B: |

 Blowers------------------| Surface stones

 | Wetness

 |

1321: |

 Paddock------------------| Surface stones

 | Wetness

 |

 Becida-------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Surface stones

 | Wetness

 |

1332B, 1332C: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1332E: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1334: |

 Huntersville-------------| Wetness

 |

1336: |

 Blowers------------------| Surface stones

 | Wetness

 |

1421B: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Water erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Water erosion

 |

1421C: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 239

 Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting Considerations--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Site preparation and planting

 soil name | considerations ____________________________________________________________________________

 |

1421C: |

 Two Inlets---------------| Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1421E: |

 Rockwood-----------------| Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

 Two Inlets---------------| Slope

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1438B: |

 Braham-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1440B, 1440C: |

 Redeye-------------------| Water erosion

 |

1444: |

 Wurtsmith----------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1447: |

 Beltrami-----------------| Wetness

 |

1450B, 1450C: |

 Sanburn------------------| Surface boulders

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1450E: |

 Sanburn------------------| Slope

 | Surface boulders

 | Surface stones

 | Water erosion

 |

1460B: |

 Nebish-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

1460C: |

 Nebish-------------------| Water erosion

 |

1943: |

 Roscommon----------------| Wetness

 |

1956: |

 Staples------------------| Wetness

 |

1968: |

 Evart--------------------| Wetness

 |

1969: |

 Evart--------------------| Flooding

 | Wetness

 |

 Isan---------------------| Flooding

 | Wetness

 | ____________________________________________________________________________

241

Hubbard County is noted for its year-round

recreational opportunities. Annual tourist expenditures

in the area total millions of dollars. Because the region

has more than 150 lakes, there are many

opportunities for water-related recreation. Many lakes

have resorts and campgrounds along their shores.

The soil and water resources of the county provide

a variety of habitat for many wildlife species. Waterfowl

nest in the county and migrate through the area. Many

of the visitors to the area are hunters. Ruffed grouse,

rabbits, and squirrels are the most common upland

small game. Whitetail deer and black bear are the

most common big game species. Many acres of public

land, including the Mississippi Headwaters State

Forest, Badoura State Forest, Paul Bunyan State

Forest, and the Schoolcraft Game Refuge, offer a

variety of wildlife-related recreational opportunities.

Part of Itasca State Park is in Hubbard County.

Itasca State Park encompasses the headwaters of the

Mississippi River and provides many recreational and

educational activities. The park has miles of trails for

hiking, biking, snowmobiling, and cross-country skiing.

The Heartland Trail, between Park Rapids and

Walker, is a hard-surfaced biking and snowmobile trail

and is well used during all seasons.

More information regarding recreational

opportunities can be obtained from the County

Chamber of Commerce, County Land Department,

Parks and Recreation Department, or the local office

of the Department of Natural Resources or the Soil

and Water Conservation District.

The soils of the survey area are rated in the table

“Recreational Development” according to limitations

that affect their suitability for recreation. The ratings

are based on restrictive soil features, such as

wetness, slope, and texture of the surface layer.

Susceptibility to flooding is considered. Not considered

in the ratings, but important in evaluating a site, are

the location and accessibility of the area, the size and

shape of the area and its scenic quality, the ability of

the soil to support vegetation, access to water,

potential water impoundment sites, and either access

to public sewer lines or the capacity of the soil to

absorb septic tank effluent. Soils subject to flooding

are limited, in varying degrees, for recreational uses

by the duration of flooding and the season when it

occurs. Onsite assessment of the height, duration,

intensity, and frequency of flooding is essential in

planning recreational facilities.

Camp areas are tracts of land used intensively as

sites for tents, trailers, and campers and for outdoor

activities that accompany such sites. These areas

require site preparation, such as shaping and leveling

the tent and parking areas, stabilizing roads and

intensively used areas, and installing sanitary facilities

and utility lines. Camp areas are subject to heavy foot

traffic and some vehicular traffic. The soils are rated on

the basis of soil properties that influence the ease of

developing camp areas and performance of the areas

after development. Also considered are the soil

properties that influence trafficability and promote the

growth of vegetation after heavy use.

Picnic areas are natural or landscaped tracts of

land that are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The soils are rated on the basis of soil

properties that influence the cost of shaping the site,

trafficability, and the growth of vegetation after

development. The surface of picnic areas should

absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy foot

traffic, and not be dusty when dry.

Playgrounds are areas used intensively for

baseball, football, or similar activities. These areas

require a nearly level soil that is free of stones and that

can withstand heavy foot traffic and maintain an

adequate cover of vegetation. The soils are rated on

the basis of soil properties that influence the cost of

shaping the site, trafficability, and the growth of

vegetation. Slope and stoniness are the main

concerns in developing playgrounds. The surface of

the playgrounds should absorb rainfall readily, remain

firm under heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when

dry.

Paths and trails are areas used for hiking and

horseback riding. The areas should require little or no

cutting and filling during site preparation. The soils are

rated on the basis of soil properties that influence

trafficability and erodibility. Paths and trails should

remain firm under foot traffic and not be dusty when

dry.

Recreation
242 Soil Survey of

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.

They have moderate slopes and no stones or boulders

on the surface. The suitability of the soil for tees or

greens is not considered in rating the soils.

The interpretive ratings in this table help engineers,

planners, and others to understand how soil properties

influence recreational uses. Ratings for proposed uses

are given in terms of limitations. Only the most

restrictive features are listed. Other features may limit

a specific recreational use.

The degree of soil limitation is expressed as slight,

moderate, or severe.

Slight means that soil properties are favorable for

the rated use. The limitations are minor and can be

easily overcome. Good performance and low

maintenance are expected.

Moderate means that soil properties are moderately

favorable for the rated use. The limitations can be

overcome or modified by special planning, design, or

maintenance. During some part of the year, the

expected performance may be less desirable than that

of soils rated slight.

Severe means that soil properties are unfavorable

for the rated use. Examples of limitations are slope,

flooding, and a seasonal high water table. These

limitations generally require major soil reclamation,

special design, or intensive maintenance. Overcoming

the limitations generally is difficult and costly.

The information in the table “Recreational

Development” can be supplemented by other

information in this survey, for example, interpretations

for dwellings without basements and for local roads

and streets in the table “Building Site Development”

and interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in

the table “Sanitary Facilities.”
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 243

Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no

 rating is applicable)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

82B: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

82C: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | slope.

 | | | | |

133B: | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | | | slope. | erodes easily. |

 | | | | |

133C: | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | erodes easily. | slope.

 | | | | |

139B: | | | | |

 Huntersville----|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | small stones, | |

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

147: | | | | |

 Spooner---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

158B: | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

158C: | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | slope.

 | | | | |

167A: | | | | |

 Baudette--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

170: | | | | |

 Blomford--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

202: | | | | |

 Meehan----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | wetness, | too acid. | wetness, | wetness, | too acid.

 | too acid. | | too acid. | too sandy. |

 | | | | |

207B: | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |
244 Soil Survey of

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

207C: | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | |

 | | | | |

207D: | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | too sandy, | droughty,

 | | | | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

260: | | | | |

 Duelm-----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | small stones, | | droughty.

 | | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

261: | | | | |

 Isan------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

267B: | | | | |

 Snellman--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | large stones.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

346: | | | | |

 Talmoon---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

406A: | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

488: | | | | |

 Becida----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

526C: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | | small stones,

 | | | small stones. | | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

526E: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | slope.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 245

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

540: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

541: | | | | |

 Rifle-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

545: | | | | |

 Rondeau---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

567A: | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

574G: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | slope.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

628: | | | | |

 Talmoon---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

672: | | | | |

 Willosippi------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

675C: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | small stones. | small stones. | large stones, | large stones. | small stones.

 | | | slope, | |

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

675E: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | slope.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |
246 Soil Survey of

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

675G: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | slope.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

701: | | | | |

 Runeberg--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

709B: | | | | |

 Lengby----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

709C: | | | | |

 Lengby----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | slope.

 | | | | |

719B: | | | | |

 Rondeau---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

731A: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Severe:

 | | | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

744B: | | | | |

 Debs------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | small stones, | |

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

746: | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

775B: | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | small stones. | | small stones. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

775C: | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope, | slope. | slope, | | small stones.

 | small stones. | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 247

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

778B: | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | droughty.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

778C: | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | |

 | | | | |

797: | | | | |

 Mooselake-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | excess humus, | wetness, | wetness,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

 Lupton----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | excess humus, | wetness, | wetness,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

799: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding, | excess humus. | ponding, | excess humus. | flooding,

 | excess humus. | | flooding. | | excess humus.

 | | | | |

 Bowstring-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding, | excess humus. | ponding, | excess humus. | flooding,

 | excess humus. | | flooding. | | excess humus.

 | | | | |

820B: | | | | |

 Potatolake------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | wetness. | slope, | erodes easily. |

 | | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

820C: | | | | |

 Potatolake------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | erodes easily. | slope.

 | wetness. | wetness. | | |

 | | | | |

831C: | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Debs------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | slope.

 | | | | |

831E: | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Debs------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |
248 Soil Survey of

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

844B: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Severe:

 | | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too acid. | too acid. | too acid. | too sandy. | too acid,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

867B: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too acid. | too acid. | too acid. | too sandy. | too acid,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

867C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too acid. | too acid. | slope, | too sandy. | too acid,

 | | | too acid. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | slope.

 | | | | |

867E: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope, | slope, | slope, | too sandy, | too acid,

 | too acid. | too acid. | too acid. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | too sandy, | slope.

 | | | | slope. |

 | | | | |

867F: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope, | slope, | slope, | slope. | too acid,

 | too acid. | too acid. | too acid. | | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

1015: | | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

1016: | | | | |

 Udorthents------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

1021C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too acid. | too acid. | slope, | too sandy. | too acid,

 | | | too acid. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

1027: | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 249

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1030: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope, | slope, | slope, | too sandy, | slope.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope. |

 | | | | |

1111: | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding, | excess humus. | ponding, | excess humus. | flooding,

 | excess humus. | | flooding. | | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1113: | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1126B: | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | droughty.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

1127A: | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too acid. | too acid. | too acid. | too sandy. | too acid,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

1127B: | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | droughty.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too acid. | too acid. | too acid. | too sandy. | too acid,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

1136: | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1164: | | | | |

 Zerkel----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | slope. | |

 | | | | |

1200: | | | | |

 Egglake---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |
250 Soil Survey of

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1230: | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1238E: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | slope.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

1238F: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | slope.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

1244B: | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | large stones.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

1244C: | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

1244E: | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

1247D: | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | too sandy, | droughty,

 | | | | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 251

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1248C: | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | |

 | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

1249C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too acid. | too acid. | slope, | too sandy. | too acid,

 | | | too acid. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

1271: | | | | |

 Roscommon-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

1272B: | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | large stones.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

1294: | | | | |

 Nary------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | large stones.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

1319B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | large stones.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

1319C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

1319D: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

1320B: | | | | |

 Blowers---------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | large stones.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

1321: | | | | |

 Paddock---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | large stones,

 | | percs slowly. | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Becida----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

1332B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | large stones.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |
252 Soil Survey of

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1332C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

1332E: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

1334: | | | | |

 Huntersville----|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | small stones, | |

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

1336: | | | | |

 Blowers---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | slope, | | large stones.

 | | | small stones, | |

 | | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

1421B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | slope, | | large stones.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | small stones. | small stones. | small stones. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1421C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | | small stones,

 | | | small stones. | | droughty,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

1421E: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | slope.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

1438B: | | | | |

 Braham----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. |

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

1439: | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1440B: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 253

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1440C: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | droughty,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | slope.

 | | | | |

1444: | | | | |

 Wurtsmith-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too acid. | too acid. | too acid. | too sandy. | too acid.

 | | | | |

1445: | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1447: | | | | |

 Beltrami--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

1450B: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | large stones. | large stones. | large stones. | large stones. | droughty.

 | | | | |

1450C: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope, | slope, | large stones, | large stones. | droughty.

 | large stones. | large stones. | slope. | |

 | | | | |

1450E: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | large stones, | large stones, | droughty,

 | | | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

1460B: | | | | |

 Nebish----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | slope, | |

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

1460C: | | | | |

 Nebish----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | | slope.

 | | | | |

1943: | | | | |

 Roscommon-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

1956: | | | | |

 Staples---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

1968: | | | | |

 Evart-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | |

1969: | | | | |

 Evart-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | flooding. | | flooding.

 | | | | |

 Isan------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

255

The soil, water, and forest resources provide a

variety of excellent habitat for fish and wildlife species

throughout Hubbard County. The county has three

major geological areas, which provide distinct types of

habitat for wildlife species. The central part of the

county is nearly all forested. This area has rugged

hills, kettle lakes, and pothole marshes. The northern

part of the county is a mixture of forested areas and

open land used for pasture or hayland. In this area,

low hills, swales, and streams dissect the landscape.

The southern part of the county is mainly agricultural

and has scattered forested tracts and pine plantations.

The central forested area of Hubbard County offers

habitat for whitetail deer, black bear, ruffed grouse,

American woodcock, rabbit, and squirrel. Nongame

species in this area include timber wolf, coyote,

raccoon, porcupine, and beaver. Timber management

is important in this area, and the emphasis is on

aspen regeneration and small wildlife openings.

The northern and southern parts of Hubbard

County provide transitional areas for wildlife. These

areas can be maintained by keeping forested tracts for

habitat cover and providing wildlife food plots. These

areas also have the greatest amount of open water in

the county. Migratory waterfowl, such as geese,

various duck species, trumpeter swans, sandhill

cranes, and blue herons, frequent the marshes and

lakes and the surrounding nesting areas.

The southeastern part of the county is mainly

marshes and a few upland areas. This area provides

habitat for prairie chickens and other migratory birds.

Lakes and streams in Hubbard County are open to

public fishing. The major fish species are walleye,

northern pike, panfish, largemouth bass, and

smallmouth bass. Muskellunge also are in a few of the

lakes. A number of streams in the northern part of the

county and the Straight River south of Park Rapids

offer trout fishing.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. If food,

cover, or water is missing, inadequate, or inaccessible,

wildlife will be scarce or will not inhabit the area.

If the soils have potential for habitat development,

wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, properly managing the existing

plant cover, and fostering the natural establishment of

desirable plants.

The potential of the soils in Hubbard County for

providing important habitat elements and various kinds

of wildlife habitat is given in the table “Wildlife Habitat”

at the end of this section.

Elements of Wildlife Habitat

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants used by wildlife.

Examples are corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, and

barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes planted for wildlife

food and cover. Examples are bromegrass, timothy,

orchardgrass, clover, alfalfa, wheatgrass, and birdsfoot

trefoil.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds, that

provide food and cover for wildlife. Examples are

bluestems, indiangrass, blueberry, goldenrod,

lambsquarters, dandelions, blackberry, ragweed,

wheatgrass, and nightshade.

The major soil properties affecting the growth of

grain and forage crops and wild herbaceous plants are

depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, the

amount of water available to plants, wetness, salinity,

and flooding. The length of the growing season also is

important.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage that wildlife eat. Examples are oak, poplar, box

elder, birch, maple, green ash, willow, and American

elm. Examples of fruit-producing shrubs that are

suitable for planting on soils that have good potential

for these plants are hawthorn, honeysuckle, American

plum, redosier dogwood, chokecherry, highbush

cranberry, elderberry, gooseberry, serviceberry, silver

buffaloberry, and crabapple.

Coniferous plants are cone-bearing trees, shrubs,

and ground cover that provide habitat or supply food in

Wildlife Habitat
256 Soil Survey of

the form of browse, seed, or fruit-like cones. Examples

are pine, spruce, cedar, and tamarack.

The major soil properties affecting the growth of

hardwood and coniferous trees and shrubs are depth

of the root zone, the amount of water available to

plants, and wetness.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Wetland plants produce food or cover for wetland

wildlife. Examples of these plants are smartweeds,

wild millet, rushes, sedges, bulrushes, wild rice,

arrowhead, waterplantain, cattail, prairie cordgrass,

bluejoint grass, asters, and beggarticks.

The major soil properties affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, acidity or

alkalinity, and slope.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. They are useful as habitat for some wildlife

species. They are naturally wet areas or are created

by dams, levees, or water-control measures in

marshes or streams. Examples are waterfowl feeding

areas, wildlife watering developments, beaver ponds,

and other wildlife ponds.

The major soil properties affecting shallow water

areas are depth to bedrock, wetness, surface

stoniness, slope, and permeability.

Kinds of Wildlife Habitat

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, and shrubs. These areas produce

grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes, and wild

herbaceous plants. The wildlife attracted to these

areas include ring-necked pheasant, meadowlark, field

sparrow, killdeer, cottontail rabbit, and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

hardwoods or conifers or a mixture of these and

associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous

plants. The wildlife attracted to this habitat include

ruffed grouse, thrushes, woodpeckers, owls, tree

squirrels, porcupine, raccoon, whitetail deer, black

bear, and moose.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open,

marshy or swampy shallow water areas, bogs, or

flood plains that support water-tolerant plants. The

wildlife attracted to this habitat include ducks, geese,

herons, bitterns, rails, kingfishers, muskrat, otter,

mink, and beaver.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 257

Wildlife Habitat

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | life | life | life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

82B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

82C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

133B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

133C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

139B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Huntersville----|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

147: | | | | | | | | | |

 Spooner---------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

158B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

158C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

167A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Baudette--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

170: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blomford--------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

202: | | | | | | | | | |

 Meehan----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

207B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

207C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

207D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Very |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | poor. | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

260: | | | | | | | | | |

 Duelm-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

261: | | | | | | | | | |

 Isan------------|Very |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good.

 | poor. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

267B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Snellman--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | poor. | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
258 Soil Survey of

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | life | life | life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

346: | | | | | | | | | |

 Talmoon---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

406A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

488: | | | | | | | | | |

 Becida----------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

526C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good.

 | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

526E: | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good.

 | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Very |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good.

 | poor. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

541: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------|Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

545: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rondeau---------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good.

 | | | | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

567A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

574G: | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

628: | | | | | | | | | |

 Talmoon---------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

672: | | | | | | | | | |

 Willosippi------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

675C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 259

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | life | life | life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

675C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

675E: | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

675G: | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

701: | | | | | | | | | |

 Runeberg--------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | poor. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

709B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lengby----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

709C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lengby----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

719B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rondeau---------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good.

 | | | | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

731A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Poor |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

744B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Debs------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

746: | | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

775B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
260 Soil Survey of

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | life | life | life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

775C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

778B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

778C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

797: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mooselake-------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | poor. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------|Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

799: | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Very |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good.

 | poor. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Bowstring-------|Very |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | poor. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

820B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potatolake------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

820C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Potatolake------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

831C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Debs------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

831E: | | | | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor. | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Debs------------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

844B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Poor |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 261

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | life | life | life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

867B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

867C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

867E: | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

867F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Very |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Very |Good |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | poor. | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1015: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1016: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1021C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Poor |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1027: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1111: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good.

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1113: | | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good.

 | poor. | poor. | | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good.

 | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good.

 | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |
262 Soil Survey of

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | life | life | life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

1126B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1127A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1127B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1136: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1164: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zerkel----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1200: | | | | | | | | | |

 Egglake---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1230: | | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good.

 | poor. | poor. | | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good.

 | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1238E: | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1238F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1244B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1244C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 263

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | life | life | life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

1244E: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1247D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1248C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1249C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1271: | | | | | | | | | |

 Roscommon-------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1272B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1294: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nary------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1319B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1319C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1319D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1320B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blowers---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1321: | | | | | | | | | |

 Paddock---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Becida----------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1332B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
264 Soil Survey of

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | life | life | life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

1332C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1332E: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1334: | | | | | | | | | |

 Huntersville----|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1336: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blowers---------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1421B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1421C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1421E: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1438B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Braham----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1439: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1440B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1440C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1444: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wurtsmith-------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1445: | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1447: | | | | | | | | | |

 Beltrami--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1450B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 265

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | life | life | life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

1450C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1450E: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1460B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nebish----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1460C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nebish----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1943: | | | | | | | | | |

 Roscommon-------|Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Good |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1956: | | | | | | | | | |

 Staples---------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | |

1968: | | | | | | | | | |

 Evart-----------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | poor. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1969: | | | | | | | | | |

 Evart-----------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good.

 | poor. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Isan------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

267

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the estimated data and test data in the

“Soil Properties” section.

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Because of the map scale, small areas of different

soils may be included within the mapped areas of a

specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil

survey, determinations were made about grain-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

soil wetness, depth to a seasonal high water table,

slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil structure

aggregation, and soil density. Data were collected

about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of the sand

and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed cations.

Estimates were made for erodibility, permeability,

corrosivity, shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, and other behavioral characteristics affecting

engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate

potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil;

plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds,

terraces, and other structures for soil and water

conservation; and predict performance of proposed

small structures and pavements by comparing the

performance of existing similar structures on the same

or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

The table “Building Site Development” shows the

degree and kind of soil limitations that affect shallow

excavations, dwellings with and without basements,

small commercial buildings, local roads and streets,

and lawns and landscaping. The limitations are

considered slight if soil properties and site features

generally are favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if

soil properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that

special design, significant increases in construction

costs, and possibly increased maintenance are

required. Special feasibility studies may be required

where the soil limitations are severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,

utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The

ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. The ease of

Engineering
268 Soil Survey of

digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth

to a cemented pan or a very firm dense layer; stone

content; soil texture; and slope. The time of the year

that excavations can be made is affected by the depth

to a seasonal high water table and the susceptibility of

the soil to flooding. The resistance of the excavation

walls or banks to sloughing or caving is affected by

soil texture and depth to the water table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed

soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family

dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are

made for small commercial buildings without

basements, for dwellings with basements, and for

dwellings without basements. The ratings are based

on soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding,

shrinking and swelling, and organic layers can cause

the movement of footings. A high water table, large

stones, and flooding affect the ease of excavation and

construction. Landscaping and grading that require

cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not

considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base

of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material; and

a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills generally are

limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Depth to a high water table,

flooding, large stones, and slope affect the ease of

excavating and grading. Soil strength (as inferred from

the engineering classification of the soil), shrink-swell

potential, potential for frost action, and depth to a high

water table affect the traffic-supporting capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, and the

available water capacity in the upper 40 inches affect

plant growth. Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, and

the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the

surface layer affect trafficability after vegetation is

established.

Sanitary Facilities

The table “Sanitary Facilities” shows the degree and

the kind of soil limitations that affect septic tank

absorption fields, sewage lagoons, and sanitary

landfills. It also shows the suitability of the soils for use

as daily cover for landfill.

Soil properties are important in selecting sites for

sanitary facilities and in identifying limiting soil

properties and site features to be considered in

planning, design, and installation. Soil limitation ratings

of slight, moderate, or severe are given for septic tank

absorption fields, sewage lagoons, and trench and

area sanitary landfills. Soil suitability ratings of good,

fair, and poor are given for daily cover for landfill.

A rating of slight or good indicates that the soils

have no limitations or that the limitations can be easily

overcome. Good performance and low maintenance

can be expected. A rating of moderate or fair indicates

that the limitations should be recognized but generally

can be overcome by good management or special

design. A rating of severe or poor indicates that

overcoming the limitations is difficult or impractical.

Increased maintenance may be required.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

subsurface systems of tile or perforated pipe distribute

effluent from a septic tank into the natural soil. The

centerline of the tile is assumed to be at a depth of 24

inches. Only the part of the soil between depths of 24

and 60 inches is considered in making the ratings. The

soil properties and site features considered are those

that affect the absorption of the effluent, those that

affect the construction and maintenance of the

system, and those that may affect public health.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, and flooding affect

absorption of the effluent. Large stones or a cemented

pan interfere with installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside

seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can

be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel are

less than 4 feet below the base of the absorption field,

if slope is excessive, or if the water table is near the

surface. There must be unsaturated soil material

beneath the absorption field to filter the effluent

effectively. Many local ordinances require that this

material be of a certain thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted, relatively impervious soil material.

Aerobic lagoons generally are designed to hold the

sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Relatively

impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides

is desirable to minimize seepage and contamination of

local ground water.

The table gives ratings for the natural soil that
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 269

makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and,

generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material below the surface

layer are excavated to provide material for the

embankments. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope,

permeability, a high water table, flooding, large stones,

and content of organic matter.

Excessive seepage resulting from rapid

permeability in the soil or a water table that is high

enough to raise the level of sewage in the lagoon

causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution

results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater

overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter

is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon

because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope can cause

construction problems, and large stones can hinder

compaction of the lagoon floor.

A trench sanitary landfill is an area where solid

waste is disposed of by placing refuse in successive

layers in an excavated trench. The waste is spread,

compacted, and covered daily with a thin layer of soil

that is excavated from the trench. When the trench is

full, a final cover of soil material at least 2 feet thick is

placed over the landfill. Soil properties that influence

the risk of pollution, the ease of excavation,

trafficability, and revegetation are the major

considerations in rating the soils.

An area sanitary landfill is an area where solid

waste is disposed of by placing refuse in successive

layers on the surface of the soil. The waste is spread,

compacted, and covered daily with a thin layer of soil

that is imported from a source away from the site. A

final cover of soil at least 2 feet thick is placed over the

completed landfill. Soil properties that influence

trafficability, revegetation, and the risk of pollution are

the main considerations in rating the soils for area

sanitary landfills.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of groundwater pollution. The ratings in the table are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Permeability, a high water

table, slope, and flooding affect both types of landfill.

Texture, stones and boulders, highly organic layers,

and soil reaction affect trench landfills. Unless

otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that part of

the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper

trenches, a limitation rated slight or moderate may not

be valid. Onsite investigation is needed.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.

The suitability of a soil for use as cover is based on

properties that affect workability and the ease of

digging, moving, and spreading the material over the

refuse daily during both wet and dry periods.

Soil texture, wetness, rock fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the material

during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that

are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best

cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy

and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to

wind erosion.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over the water table to permit revegetation.

The soil material used as the final cover for a landfill

should be suitable for plants. The surface layer

generally has the best workability, more organic

matter, and the best potential for plants. Material from

the surface layer should be stockpiled for use as the

final cover.

Waste Management

Soil properties are important when organic waste is

applied as fertilizer and wastewater is applied in

irrigated areas. They also are important when the soil

is used as a medium for the treatment and disposal of

the organic waste and wastewater. Unfavorable soil

properties can result in environmental damage.

The use of organic waste and wastewater as

production resources results in energy and resource

conservation and minimizes the problems associated

with waste disposal. If disposal is the goal, applying a

maximum amount of the organic waste or the

wastewater to a minimal area holds costs to a

minimum and environmental damage is the main

hazard. If reuse is the goal, a minimum amount should

be applied to a maximum area and environmental

damage is unlikely.

Interpretations developed for waste management

may include ratings for manure- and food-processing

waste, municipal sewage sludge, use of wastewater

for irrigation, and treatment of wastewater by slow

rate, overland flow, and rapid infiltration processes.

Specific information regarding waste management

is available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension

Service.

Construction Materials

The table “Construction Materials” gives information

about the soils as a source of roadfill, sand, gravel,

and topsoil. The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as a
270 Soil Survey of

source of roadfill and topsoil. They are rated as a

probable or improbable source of sand and gravel.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In the table, the soils are rated as a source of

roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6

feet high and less exacting in design than higher

embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information can

help to determine the suitability of each layer for use

as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is stabilized

with lime or cement is not considered in the ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major consideration.

The ease of excavation is affected by large stones, a

high water table, and slope. How well the soil performs

in place after it has been compacted and drained is

determined by its strength (as inferred from the

engineering classification of the soil) and shrink-swell

potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of

sand or gravel, or both. They have at least 5 feet of

suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few

cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less.

Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils

rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized

particles and have a plasticity index of less than 10.

They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of

15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water

table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have one or more

of the following characteristics: a plasticity index of

more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential, many

stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They are

wet and have a water table at a depth of less than 1

foot. They may have layers of suitable material, but the

material is less than 3 feet thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They

are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In the table, only the

probability of finding material in suitable quantity in or

below the soil is evaluated. The suitability of the

material for specific purposes is not evaluated, nor are

factors that affect excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source

of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the engineering classification of the soil),

the thickness of suitable material, and the content of

rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification

are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of

grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index

properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is

up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at

least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight,

large stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable

source.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by

such properties as soil reaction, available water

capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a

water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by

slope, a water table, rock fragments, and toxic

material.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones

and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes

of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of

soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well to

fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or

soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to 15

percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less

than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large

amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes

of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal high

water table at or near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils generally is

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

The table “Water Management” gives information on

the soil properties and site features that affect water

management. The degree and kind of soil limitations

are given for pond reservoir areas; embankments,
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 271

dikes, and levees; and aquifer-fed excavated ponds.

The limitations are considered slight if soil properties

and site features generally are favorable for the

indicated use and limitations are minor and are easily

overcome; moderate if soil properties or site features

are not favorable for the indicated use and special

planning, design, or maintenance is needed to

overcome or minimize the limitations; and severe if soil

properties or site features are so unfavorable or so

difficult to overcome that special design, significant

increase in construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil. Excessive slope can affect the storage

capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In the table, the soils are rated as a

source of material for embankment fill. The ratings

apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a

depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will

be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even more than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high

content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or salts

or sodium. A high water table affects the amount of

usable material. It also affects trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the

aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the

salinity of the soil. The content of large stones affects

the ease of excavation.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

layers that affect the rate of water movement;

permeability; depth to a high water table or depth of

standing water if the soil is subject to ponding; slope;

susceptibility to flooding; subsidence of organic layers;

and the potential for frost action. Excavating and

grading and the stability of ditchbanks are affected by

large stones, slope, and the hazard of cutbanks

caving. The productivity of the soil after drainage is

adversely affected by extreme acidity or by toxic

substances in the root zone, such as salts. Availability

of drainage outlets is not considered in the ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones.

The performance of a system is affected by the depth

of the root zone, the amount of salts, and soil reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to control erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff.

Slope, wetness, and large stones affect the

construction of terraces and diversions. A restricted

rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind erosion or

water erosion, an excessively coarse texture, and

restricted permeability adversely affect maintenance.

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Large

stones, wetness, and slope affect the construction of

grassed waterways. A hazard of wind erosion, low

available water capacity, restricted rooting depth, toxic

substances such as salts, and restricted permeability

adversely affect the growth and maintenance of the

grass after construction.
272 Soil Survey of

Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no

 rating is applicable)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

82B: | | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

82C: | | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | droughty,

 | | | | | frost action. | slope.

 | | | | | |

133B: | | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight.

 | too clayey, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, |

 | wetness. | | | | low strength. |

 | | | | | |

133C: | | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too clayey, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | shrink-swell, | slope.

 | wetness, | | | slope. | low strength. |

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

139B: | | | | | |

 Huntersville----|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | droughty.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

147: | | | | | |

 Spooner---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

158B: | | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

158C: | | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

167A: | | | | | |

 Baudette--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave.| shrink-swell. | wetness. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

170: | | | | | |

 Blomford--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

202: | | | | | |

 Meehan----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | too acid.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

207B: | | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 273

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

207C: | | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

207D: | | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | slope. | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

260: | | | | | |

 Duelm-----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

261: | | | | | |

 Isan------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | ponding. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

267B: | | | | | |

 Snellman--------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | | shrink-swell. | | shrink-swell, | shrink-swell, | large stones.

 | | | | slope. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

346: | | | | | |

 Talmoon---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | low strength, | wetness.

 | | | | | wetness, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

406A: | | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

488: | | | | | |

 Becida----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

526C: | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | large stones,

 | | | | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

526E: | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |
274 Soil Survey of

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

540: | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

541: | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

545: | | | | | |

 Rondeau---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

567A: | | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

574G: | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

628: | | | | | |

 Talmoon---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | low strength, | ponding,

 | | | | | ponding, | excess humus.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

672: | | | | | |

 Willosippi------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

675C: | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | small stones.

 | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | large stones,

 | | | | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

675E: | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 275

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

675G: | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

701: | | | | | |

 Runeberg--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

709B: | | | | | |

 Lengby----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

709C: | | | | | |

 Lengby----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

719B: | | | | | |

 Rondeau---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

731A: | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

744B: | | | | | |

 Debs------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

746: | | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

775B: | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | small stones.

 | | | | | |

775C: | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | large stones,

 | | | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |
276 Soil Survey of

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

775C: | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | small stones.

 | | | | | |

778B: | | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

778C: | | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

797: | | | | | |

 Mooselake-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

 Lupton----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | wetness,

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | excess humus.

 | | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

799: | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding, | flooding,

 | | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | flooding. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

 Bowstring-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | excess humus, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding, | flooding,

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | flooding. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

820B: | | | | | |

 Potatolake------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | low strength, |

 | wetness. | shrink-swell. | | shrink-swell, | frost action. |

 | | | | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

820C: | | | | | |

 Potatolake------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness, | wetness. | slope. | low strength, | slope.

 | wetness. | shrink-swell, | | | frost action. |

 | | slope. | | | |

 | | | | | |

831C: | | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Debs------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | frost action. | slope.

 | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 277

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

831E: | | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Debs------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope.

 | slope. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

844B: | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | too acid,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

867B: | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | too acid,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

867C: | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | too acid,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

867E: | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | too acid,

 | slope. | | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

867F: | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | too acid,

 | slope. | | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1015: | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty,

 | | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | | |

1016: | | | | | |

 Udorthents------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | | |
278 Soil Survey of

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1021C: | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | too acid,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

1027: | | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1111: | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | excess humus, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding, | flooding,

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | flooding. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

1113: | | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | | | | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

1126B: | | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

1127A: | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | too acid,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

1127B: | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | too acid,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 279

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1136: | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | ponding. | low strength. | | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1164: | | | | | |

 Zerkel----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave.| shrink-swell. | wetness. | shrink-swell. | low strength. |

 | | | | | |

1200: | | | | | |

 Egglake---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1230: | | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | ponding. | low strength. | | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1238E: | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1238F: | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1244B: | | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | shrink-swell, | large stones.

 | | | | slope. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | large stones,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

1244C: | | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope. | shrink-swell, | slope, | slope. | shrink-swell, | large stones,

 | | slope. | shrink-swell. | | slope, | slope.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | large stones,

 | | | | | | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |
280 Soil Survey of

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1244E: | | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1247D: | | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | slope. | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1248C: | | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

1249C: | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | too acid,

 | | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

1271: | | | | | |

 Roscommon-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | ponding. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1272B: | | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | shrink-swell, | large stones.

 | | | | slope. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1294: | | | | | |

 Nary------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | large stones.

 | | | shrink-swell. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1319B: | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | frost action. | large stones.

 | | | | | |

1319C: | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | large stones,

 | | | | | frost action. | slope.

 | | | | | |

1319D: | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 281

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1320B: | | | | | |

 Blowers---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. | large stones.

 | | | | | |

1321: | | | | | |

 Paddock---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | large stones,

 | wetness. | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | | |

 Becida----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1332B: | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | frost action. | large stones.

 | | | | | |

1332C: | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | large stones,

 | | | | | frost action. | slope.

 | | | | | |

1332E: | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1334: | | | | | |

 Huntersville----|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | droughty.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1336: | | | | | |

 Blowers---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | large stones.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1421B: | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | frost action. | large stones.

 | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | small stones.

 | | | | | |

1421C: | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | large stones,

 | | | | | frost action. | slope.

 | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | | |

1421E: | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |
282 Soil Survey of

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1438B: | | | | | |

 Braham----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave.| shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell, | shrink-swell, |

 | | | shrink-swell. | slope. | low strength. |

 | | | | | |

1439: | | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | excess humus.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1440B: | | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

1440C: | | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | droughty,

 | | | | | frost action. | slope.

 | | | | | |

1444: | | | | | |

 Wurtsmith-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too acid.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1445: | | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | ponding. | low strength. | | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1447: | | | | | |

 Beltrami--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1450B: | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

1450C: | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

1450E: | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty,

 | slope. | | | | | slope.

 | | | | | |

1460B: | | | | | |

 Nebish----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness. | shrink-swell. | low strength. |

 | | | | | |

1460C: | | | | | |

 Nebish----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope. | shrink-swell, | slope. | slope. | low strength. | slope.

 | | slope. | | | |

 | | | | | |

1943: | | | | | |

 Roscommon-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 283

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1956: | | | | | |

 Staples---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1968: | | | | | |

 Evart-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. |

 | | | | | |

1969: | | | | | |

 Evart-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | flooding.

 | | | | | |

 Isan------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
284 Soil Survey of

Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no

 rating is applicable)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

82B: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Severe: |Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly, | seepage. | | seepage. | small stones.

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

82C: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly, | seepage, | slope. | seepage. | small stones,

 | poor filter. | slope. | | | slope.

 | | | | |

133B: | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack.

 | | | | |

133C: | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | slope, | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | wetness. | too clayey. | | hard to pack.

 | | | | |

139B: | | | | |

 Huntersville----|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | seepage. | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | | too sandy. | | small stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

147: | | | | |

 Spooner---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness. | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | |

158B: | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

158C: | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

167A: | | | | |

 Baudette--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

170: | | | | |

 Blomford--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | poor filter. | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | | | | |

202: | | | | |

 Meehan----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 285

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

207B: | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

207C: | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

207D: | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

260: | | | | |

 Duelm-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

261: | | | | |

 Isan------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

267B: | | | | |

 Snellman--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight------------|Fair:

 | percs slowly. | seepage, | | | small stones.

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

346: | | | | |

 Talmoon---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

406A: | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

488: | | | | |

 Becida----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

526C: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | large stones,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | ponding. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |
286 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

526E: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly, | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | ponding. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

540: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

541: | | | | |

 Rifle-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | ponding. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

545: | | | | |

 Rondeau---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage, | ponding,

 | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

567A: | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

574G: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly, | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

628: | | | | |

 Talmoon---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

672: | | | | |

 Willosippi------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

675C: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 287

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

675C: | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | large stones,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

675E: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly, | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

675G: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly, | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

701: | | | | |

 Runeberg--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

709B: | | | | |

 Lengby----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

709C: | | | | |

 Lengby----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

719B: | | | | |

 Rondeau---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage, | ponding,

 | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | | | |
288 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

731A: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

744B: | | | | |

 Debs------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------------|Good.

 | percs slowly. | seepage, | too sandy. | |

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | too sandy. | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

746: | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage, | hard to pack,

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | excess humus. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

775B: | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

775C: | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

778B: | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

778C: | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 289

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

797: | | | | |

 Mooselake-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | wetness,

 | | excess humus, | wetness, | wetness. | excess humus.

 | | wetness. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

 Lupton----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | wetness,

 | wetness, | excess humus, | wetness, | wetness. | excess humus.

 | percs slowly. | wetness. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

799: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding,

 | flooding, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | excess humus.

 | ponding. | excess humus. | ponding. | ponding. |

 | | | | |

 Bowstring-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding,

 | ponding, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | excess humus.

 | percs slowly. | excess humus. | ponding. | ponding. |

 | | | | |

820B: | | | | |

 Potatolake------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

820C: | | | | |

 Potatolake------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | slope, | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | wetness. | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

831C: | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | too sandy. | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Debs------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly, | slope. | slope, | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

831E: | | | | |

 Akeley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | slope, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | too sandy. | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Debs------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

844B: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |
290 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

867B: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

867C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

867E: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

867F: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

1015: | | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

1016: | | | | |

 Udorthents------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | | | slope. | slope. | slope,

 | | | | | thin layer.

 | | | | |

1021C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1027: | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | |

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 291

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1030: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

1111: | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding,

 | flooding, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | excess humus.

 | ponding. | excess humus. | ponding. | ponding. |

 | | | | |

1113: | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | too clayey, | ponding. | hard to pack,

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | excess humus. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | ponding. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | | ponding. |

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

1126B: | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

1127A: | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

1127B: | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

1136: | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |
292 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1164: | | | | |

 Zerkel----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | percs slowly. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

1200: | | | | |

 Egglake---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

1230: | | | | |

 Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | too clayey, | ponding. | hard to pack,

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | excess humus. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

1238E: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1238F: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1244B: | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Slight------------|Fair:

 | percs slowly. | seepage. | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1244C: | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly, | seepage, | slope. | slope. | small stones,

 | slope. | slope. | | | slope.

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 293

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1244E: | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope. | seepage, | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1247D: | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

 Dorset----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1248C: | | | | |

 Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Verndale--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

1249C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy.

 | | | | |

1271: | | | | |

 Roscommon-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

1272B: | | | | |

 Sol-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Slight------------|Fair:

 | percs slowly. | seepage. | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1294: | | | | |

 Nary------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | wetness. | | |

 | | | | |

1319B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight------------|Good.

 | percs slowly. | seepage, | | |

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

1319C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |
294 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1319D: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly, | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

1320B: | | | | |

 Blowers---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | slope. | too sandy. | | small stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

1321: | | | | |

 Paddock---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Becida----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

1332B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight------------|Good.

 | percs slowly. | seepage, | | |

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

1332C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

1332E: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly, | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

1334: | | | | |

 Huntersville----|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | seepage. | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | | too sandy. | | small stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

1336: | | | | |

 Blowers---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

1421B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight------------|Good.

 | percs slowly. | seepage, | | |

 | | slope. | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1421C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 295

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1421E: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly, | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1438B: | | | | |

 Braham----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | seepage. | too clayey.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

1439: | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | | ponding. |

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

1440B: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Severe: |Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly, | seepage. | | seepage. | small stones.

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

1440C: | | | | |

 Redeye----------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly, | seepage, | slope. | seepage. | small stones,

 | poor filter. | slope. | | | slope.

 | | | | |

1444: | | | | |

 Wurtsmith-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | too acid.

 | | | | |

1445: | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

1447: | | | | |

 Beltrami--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

1450B: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1450C: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | slope. | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |
296 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1450E: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1460B: | | | | |

 Nebish----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | wetness. | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey.

 | | slope, | | |

 | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | |

1460C: | | | | |

 Nebish----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly, | slope. | slope, | slope. | too clayey,

 | slope. | | too clayey. | | slope.

 | | | | |

1943: | | | | |

 Roscommon-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |

1956: | | | | |

 Staples---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness, | seepage, | seepage,

 | percs slowly, | wetness. | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy,

 | poor filter. | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

1968: | | | | |

 Evart-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

1969: | | | | |

 Evart-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage,

 | wetness, | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Isan------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 297

Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no

 rating is applicable)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

82B: | | | |

 Redeye----------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

82C: | | | |

 Redeye----------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

133B: | | | |

 Dalbo-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | | | |

133C: | | | |

 Dalbo-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | | | |

139B: | | | |

 Huntersville----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

147: | | | |

 Spooner---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

158B: | | | |

 Zimmerman-------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

158C: | | | |

 Zimmerman-------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

167A: | | | |

 Baudette--------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | | | |

170: | | | |

 Blomford--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

202: | | | |

 Meehan----------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |

207B: | | | |

 Nymore----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

207C: | | | |

 Nymore----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

207D: | | | |

 Nymore----------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |
298 Soil Survey of

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

260: | | | |

 Duelm-----------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

261: | | | |

 Isan------------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

267B: | | | |

 Snellman--------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

346: | | | |

 Talmoon---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

406A: | | | |

 Dorset----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

488: | | | |

 Becida----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

526C: | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

526E: | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

540: | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

541: | | | |

 Rifle-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 299

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

545: | | | |

 Rondeau---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

567A: | | | |

 Verndale--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

574G: | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

628: | | | |

 Talmoon---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

672: | | | |

 Willosippi------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

675C: | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

675E: | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

675G: | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Eagleview-------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |
300 Soil Survey of

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

675G: | | | |

 Steamboat-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

701: | | | |

 Runeberg--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

709B: | | | |

 Lengby----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

709C: | | | |

 Lengby----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

719B: | | | |

 Rondeau---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

731A: | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

744B: | | | |

 Debs------------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Akeley----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

746: | | | |

 Haslie----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | excess humus,

 | wetness. | | | wetness.

 | | | |

775B: | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

775C: | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 301

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

778B: | | | |

 Dorset----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Corliss---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | thin layer. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

778C: | | | |

 Dorset----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Corliss---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | thin layer. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

797: | | | |

 Mooselake-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Lupton----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness, | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | low strength. | | | wetness.

 | | | |

799: | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Bowstring-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

820B: | | | |

 Potatolake------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | area reclaim.

 | | | |

820C: | | | |

 Potatolake------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | area reclaim.

 | | | |

831C: | | | |

 Akeley----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Debs------------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

831E: | | | |

 Akeley----------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 Debs------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | slope.

 | | | |
302 Soil Survey of

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

844B: | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |

867B: | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |

 Menahga---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

867C: | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |

 Menahga---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

867E: | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |

 Menahga---------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

867F: | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |

 Menahga---------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

1015: | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy.

 | | | |

1016: | | | |

 Udorthents------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

1021C: | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 303

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1021C: | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1027: | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | |

 | | | |

1030: | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | |

 | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

1111: | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | wetness. | | | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1113: | | | |

 Haslie----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | excess humus,

 | wetness. | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Cathro----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1126B: | | | |

 Verndale--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Nymore----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

1127A: | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |

1127B: | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |

1136: | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | wetness. | | | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |
304 Soil Survey of

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1164: | | | |

 Zerkel----------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too clayey,

 | | | | thin layer.

 | | | |

1200: | | | |

 Egglake---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

1230: | | | |

 Haslie----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | excess humus,

 | wetness. | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Nidaros---------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | wetness. | | | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1238E: | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1238F: | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1244B: | | | |

 Sol-------------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1244C: | | | |

 Sol-------------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1244E: | | | |

 Sol-------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 305

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1244E: | | | |

 Sugarbush-------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1247D: | | | |

 Corliss---------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | | thin layer. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Dorset----------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1248C: | | | |

 Nymore----------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Verndale--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

1249C: | | | |

 Graycalm--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |

 Bootlake--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

1271: | | | |

 Roscommon-------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1272B: | | | |

 Sol-------------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

1294: | | | |

 Nary------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

1319B: | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1319C: | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

1319D: | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | slope.

 | | | |
306 Soil Survey of

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1320B: | | | |

 Blowers---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

1321: | | | |

 Paddock---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

 Becida----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1332B: | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1332C: | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

1332E: | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | slope.

 | | | |

1334: | | | |

 Huntersville----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

1336: | | | |

 Blowers---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1421B: | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1421C: | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 307

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1421E: | | | |

 Rockwood--------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | slope.

 | | | |

 Two Inlets------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1438B: | | | |

 Braham----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy.

 | low strength. | | |

 | | | |

1439: | | | |

 Cathro----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1440B: | | | |

 Redeye----------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

1440C: | | | |

 Redeye----------|Good-------------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

1444: | | | |

 Wurtsmith-------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | too acid.

 | | | |

1445: | | | |

 Markey----------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1447: | | | |

 Beltrami--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

1450B: | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1450C: | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1450E: | | | |

 Sanburn---------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |
308 Soil Survey of

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1460B: | | | |

 Nebish----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

1460C: | | | |

 Nebish----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

1943: | | | |

 Roscommon-------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1956: | | | |

 Staples---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | thin layer. | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1968: | | | |

 Evart-----------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1969: | | | |

 Evart-----------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Isan------------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Water Management (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for ons

 See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is a____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 82B: | | | | | |  Redeye----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Soil blowi | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, |  | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 82C: | | | | | |  Redeye----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 133B: | | | | | |  Dalbo-----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Erodes eas | seepage, | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action, | wetness. | wetness.  | slope. | wetness. | | slope. | |  | | | | | | 133C: | | | | | |  Dalbo-----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action, | wetness. | erodes ea | | wetness. | | slope. | | wetness.  | | | | | | 139B: | | | | | |  Huntersville----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Slope, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | slope, | wetness, | too sandy | | piping. | | cutbanks cave.| droughty. | soil blow | | | | | | 147: | | | | | |  Spooner---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | erodes easily.| wetness.  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 158B: | | | | | |  Zimmerman-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 158C: | | | | | |  Zimmerman-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 167A: | | | | | |  Baudette--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Wetness--------|Erodes eas | seepage. | piping. | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| | wetness.  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 170: | | | | | |  Blomford--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | wetness,  | | wetness. | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 202: | | | | | |  Meehan----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| too acid. | droughty, | too sandy | | piping, | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 207B: | | | | | |  Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 207C: | | | | | |  Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 207D: | | | | | |  Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 260: | | | | | |  Duelm-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | too sandy | | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 261: | | | | | |  Isan------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| droughty, | too sandy | | piping, | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 267B: | | | | | |  Snellman--------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Soil blowi | seepage, | | no water. | | soil blowing, |  | slope. | | | | rooting depth.|  | | | | | | 346: | | | | | |  Talmoon---------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Erodes eas | | piping, | slow refill. | | | wetness.  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 406A: | | | | | |  Dorset----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty-------|Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | | soil blow | | | | | | 488: | | | | | |  Becida----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping, | no water. | frost action, | droughty, | too sandy | | wetness. | | cutbanks cave.| soil blowing. | soil blow | | | | | | 526C: | | | | | |  Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | | | | | rooting depth.|  | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | | too sandy | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 526E: | | | | | |  Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | | | | | rooting depth.|  | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | | too sandy | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 540: | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | subsides, | soil blowing. | soil blow | | ponding. | | frost action. | |  | | | | | | 541: | | | | | |  Rifle-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 545: | | | | | |  Rondeau---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | subsides. | soil blowing, | soil blow | | ponding. | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 567A: | | | | | |  Verndale--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | soil blowing. | soil blow | | piping. | | | |  | | | | | | 574G: | | | | | |  Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | | | | | rooting depth.|  | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | | too sandy | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | | 628: | | | | | |  Talmoon---------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Erodes eas | | piping, | slow refill. | frost action. | soil blowing. | ponding,  | | ponding. | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 672: | | | | | |  Willosippi------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Wetness--------|Wetness,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill, | cutbanks cave.| | too sandy | | wetness. | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 675C: | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | too sandy | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  Eagleview-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | | | | | rooting depth.|  | | | | | | 675E: | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | | too sandy | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  Eagleview-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | | | | | rooting depth.|  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 675G: | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | | too sandy | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  Eagleview-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Steamboat-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | | | | | rooting depth.|  | | | | | | 701: | | | | | |  Runeberg--------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | | piping, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | percs slowly. | percs slo | | ponding. | | frost action. | |  | | | | | | 709B: | | | | | |  Lengby----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Erodes eas | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | soil blowing. | too sandy | | piping. | | | |  | | | | | | 709C: | | | | | |  Lengby----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | soil blowing. | erodes ea | slope. | piping. | | | | too sandy | | | | | | 719B: | | | | | |  Rondeau---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | subsides. | soil blowing, | soil blow | | ponding. | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 731A: | | | | | |  Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 744B: | | | | | |  Debs------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Erodes eas | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | |  | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  Akeley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 746: | | | | | |  Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | soil blowing, | soil blow | | ponding. | | subsides. | percs slowly. | percs slo | | | | | | 775B: | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | soil blow | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 775C: | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | too sandy | slope. | | | | | soil blow | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 778B: | | | | | |  Dorset----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | soil blow | | | | | |  Corliss---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 778C: | | | | | |  Dorset----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | too sandy | slope. | | | | | soil blow | | | | | |  Corliss---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 797: | | | | | |  Mooselake-------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Subsides, |Wetness--------|Wetness-- | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Lupton----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Subsides, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | frost action. | soil blowing. | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 799: | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | flooding, | soil blowing, | soil blow | | ponding. | | subsides. | flooding. |  | | | | | |  Bowstring-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding-- | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill, | flooding, | flooding. |  | | ponding. | cutbanks cave.| subsides. | |  | | | | | | 820B: | | | | | |  Potatolake------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action, |Slope, |Erodes eas | seepage. | seepage, | deep to water,| slope, | wetness. | wetness.  | | piping. | slow refill, | cutbanks cave.| |  | | | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 820C: | | | | | |  Potatolake------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action, |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | deep to water,| slope, | wetness. | erodes ea | slope. | piping. | slow refill, | cutbanks cave.| | wetness.  | | | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 831C: | | | | | |  Akeley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Debs------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | | erodes ea | | | | | | 831E: | | | | | |  Akeley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Debs------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | | erodes ea | | | | | | 844B: | | | | | |  Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | |  Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 867B: | | | | | |  Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | |  Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 867C: | | | | | |  Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 867E: | | | | | |  Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 867F: | | | | | |  Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Menahga---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 1015: | | | | | |  Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 1016: | | | | | |  Udorthents------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope---- | | | no water. | | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1021C: | | | | | |  Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 1027: | | | | | |  Udorthents. | | | | | |  | | | | | | 1030: | | | | | |  Pits, gravel. | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 1111: | | | | | |  Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill, | flooding, | soil blowing, | soil blow | | ponding. | cutbanks cave.| subsides. | rooting depth.|  | | | | | | 1113: | | | | | |  Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | percs slowly. | percs slo | | ponding. | | subsides. | |  | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | |  Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 1126B: | | | | | |  Verndale--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | piping. | | | soil blowing. |  | | | | | |  Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1127A: | | | | | |  Bootlake--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty-------|Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | | soil blow | | piping. | | | |  | | | | | |  Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake. | soil blow | | piping. | | | |  | | | | | | 1127B: | | | | | |  Bootlake--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty. | soil blow | | piping. | | | |  | | | | | |  Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 1136: | | | | | |  Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | subsides, | soil blowing, | too sandy | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| frost action. | rooting depth.| soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 1164: | | | | | |  Zerkel----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness--------|Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | | | too sandy | | piping. | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 1200: | | | | | |  Egglake---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | rooting depth.|  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 1230: | | | | | |  Haslie----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | percs slowly. | percs slo | | ponding. | | subsides. | |  | | | | | |  Nidaros---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding-- | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill, | subsides, | rooting depth.|  | | ponding. | cutbanks cave.| frost action. | |  | | | | | | 1238E: | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1238E: | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | too sandy | slope. | | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 1238F: | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | too sandy | slope. | | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 1244B: | | | | | |  Sol-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Favorable | seepage, | thin layer. | no water. | | rooting depth.|  | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | soil blow | | | | | | 1244C: | | | | | |  Sol-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope---- | slope. | thin layer. | no water. | | rooting depth.|  | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | too sandy | slope. | | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 1244E: | | | | | |  Sol-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope---- | slope. | thin layer. | no water. | | rooting depth.|  | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | too sandy | slope. | | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 1247D: | | | | | |  Corliss---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Dorset----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | too sandy | slope. | | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1248C: | | | | | |  Nymore----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Verndale--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | soil blowing. | soil blow | | | | | | 1249C: | | | | | |  Graycalm--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | |  Bootlake--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty. | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 1271: | | | | | |  Roscommon-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| droughty, | too sandy | | piping, | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 1272B: | | | | | |  Sol-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Favorable | seepage, | thin layer. | no water. | | rooting depth.|  | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | | 1294: | | | | | |  Nary------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Wetness-- | seepage. | thin layer, | slow refill, | | rooting depth.|  | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 1319B: | | | | | |  Rockwood--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Soil blowi | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, |  | slope. | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 1319C: | | | | | |  Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, | soil blow | | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1319D: | | | | | |  Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, | soil blow | | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 1320B: | | | | | |  Blowers---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Slope, |Wetness,  | seepage, | piping. | no water. | slope, | wetness, | too sandy | slope. | | | cutbanks cave.| soil blowing. | soil blow | | | | | | 1321: | | | | | |  Paddock---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, | soil blow | | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | |  Becida----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness--------|Wetness,  | seepage. | piping, | no water. | frost action, | | too sandy | | wetness. | | cutbanks cave.| |  | | | | | | 1332B: | | | | | |  Rockwood--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Soil blowi | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, |  | slope. | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 1332C: | | | | | |  Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, | soil blow | | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 1332E: | | | | | |  Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, | soil blow | | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 1334: | | | | | |  Huntersville----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | cutbanks cave.| droughty. | too sandy | | piping. | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 1336: | | | | | |  Blowers---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, | soil blow | | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1421B: | | | | | |  Rockwood--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Soil blowi | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, |  | slope. | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. |  | | | | | | 1421C: | | | | | |  Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, | soil blow | | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty. | too sandy | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | | 1421E: | | | | | |  Rockwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing, | soil blow | | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | |  Two Inlets------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | | too sandy | slope. | | | | |  | | | | | | 1438B: | | | | | |  Braham----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping, | slow refill, | | fast intake, | soil blow | | wetness. | cutbanks cave.| | soil blowing. |  | | | | | | 1439: | | | | | |  Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | subsides, | soil blowing. | soil blow | | ponding. | | frost action. | |  | | | | | | 1440B: | | | | | |  Redeye----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Soil blowi | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, |  | | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 1440C: | | | | | |  Redeye----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1444: | | | | | |  Wurtsmith-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| too acid. | droughty. | too sandy | | piping. | | | |  | | | | | | 1445: | | | | | |  Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | subsides, | soil blowing. | too sandy | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| frost action. | | soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 1447: | | | | | |  Beltrami--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping. | slow refill, | | soil blowing. | soil blow | | | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 1450B: | | | | | |  Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, |  | | | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 1450C: | | | | | |  Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 1450E: | | | | | |  Sanburn---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 1460B: | | | | | |  Nebish----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Soil blowi | seepage, | piping. | deep to water,| | soil blowing. |  | slope. | | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | | 1460C: | | | | | |  Nebish----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | slope. | piping. | no water. | | soil blowing. | soil blow | | | | | | 1943: | | | | | |  Roscommon-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | too sandy | | piping, | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1956: | | | | | |  Staples---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | cutbanks cave.| droughty, | too sandy | | piping, | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 1968: | | | | | |  Evart-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| droughty. | too sandy | | piping, | | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 1969: | | | | | |  Evart-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| droughty. | too sandy | | piping, | | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Isan------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | too sandy | | piping, | | | | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
325

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey. The data and the

estimates of soil and water features, listed in tables,

are explained on the following pages.

Soil properties are determined by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine grain-size distribution,

plasticity, and compaction characteristics.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties shown in the tables

include the range of grain-size distribution and

Atterberg limits, the engineering classification, and the

physical and chemical properties of the major layers of

each soil. Pertinent soil and water features also are

given.

Engineering Index Properties

The table “Engineering Index Properties” gives

estimates of the engineering classification and of the

range of index properties for the major layers of each

soil in the survey area. Most soils have layers of

contrasting properties within the upper 5 or 6 feet.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated. The range in depth and information

on other properties of each layer are given in the

series descriptions in Part I of this survey.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil that

is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less

than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles

coarser than sand is as much as 15 percent, an

appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.”

Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 1998)

and the system adopted by the American Association

of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO, 1998).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to grain-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, SP-SM.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of

visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and

A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b,

A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an

additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as

subgrade material can be indicated by a group index

number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the

best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3

Soil Properties
326 Soil Survey of

inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074

millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on

laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of grain-size distribution, liquid limit,

and plasticity index generally are rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and

Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is omitted in the

table.

Physical and Chemical Properties

The tables “Physical Properties of the Soils” and

“Chemical Properties of the Soils” show estimates of

some characteristics and features that affect soil

behavior. These estimates are given for the major

layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates

are based on field observations and on test data for

these and similar soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated. The range in depth and information

on other properties of each layer are given in the

series descriptions in Part I of this survey.

Clay as a soil separate, or component, consists of

mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002

millimeter in diameter. The estimated clay content of

each major soil layer is given as a percentage, by

weight, of the soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter.

The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the

fertility and physical condition of the soil. They

determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and

to retain moisture. They influence shrink-swell

potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil

dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and

kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving operations.

In the table “Physical Properties of the Soils,” moist

bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per unit

volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at field

moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3-bar moisture tension. Weight is determined after

drying the soil at 105 degrees C. In the table, the

estimated moist bulk density of each major soil

horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of

soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

Bulk density data are used to compute shrink-swell

potential, available water capacity, total pore space,

and other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a

soil indicates the pore space available for water and

roots. A bulk density of more than 1.6 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to transmit

water or air. The estimates indicate the rate of

downward movement of water when the soil is

saturated. They are based on soil characteristics

observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity,

and texture. Permeability is considered in the design of

soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption

fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each major soil

layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil

properties that affect the retention of water and the

depth of the root zone. The most important properties

are the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk

density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is

an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to

be grown and in the design and management of

irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an

estimate of the quantity of water actually available to

plants at any given time.

Shrink-swell potential is the potential for volume

change in a soil with a loss or gain in moisture. Volume

change occurs mainly because of the interaction of

clay minerals with water and varies with the amount

and type of clay minerals in the soil. The size of the

load on the soil and the magnitude of the change in

soil moisture content influence the amount of swelling

of soils in place. Laboratory measurements of swelling

of undisturbed clods were made for many soils. For

others, swelling was estimated on the basis of the kind

and amount of clay minerals in the soil and on

measurements of similar soils.

If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate to

very high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage

to buildings, roads, and other structures. Special

design is often needed.

Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the

change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture

content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The

classes are low, a change of less than 3 percent;

moderate, 3 to 6 percent; and high, 6 to 9 percent.

Very high, more than 9 percent, is sometimes used.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 327

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In the

table, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained or increased by returning crop residue to

the soil. Organic matter affects the available water

capacity, infiltration rate, and tilth. It is a source of

nitrogen and other nutrients for crops.

Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil

to sheet and rill erosion. Factor K is one of six factors

used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to

predict the average rate of soil loss by sheet and rill

erosion in tons per acre per year. The estimates are

based primarily on percentage of silt, very fine sand,

sand, and organic matter (as much as 4 percent) and

on soil structure and permeability. The estimates are

modified by the presence of rock fragments. Values of

K range from 0.02 to 0.69. The higher the value, the

more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fineearth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in

size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average rate of soil erosion by wind or water that can

occur without affecting crop productivity over a

sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their resistance to

wind erosion in cultivated areas. The groups indicate

the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. Soils are

grouped according to the following distinctions:

1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine

sands. These soils generally are not suitable for crops.

They are extremely erodible, and vegetation is difficult

to establish.

2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine

sands, loamy very fine sands, and sapric soil material.

These soils are very highly erodible. Crops can be

grown if intensive measures to control wind erosion

are used.

3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy

loams, and very fine sandy loams. These soils are

highly erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive

measures to control wind erosion are used.

4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and

silty clay loams that have more than 5 percent finely

divided calcium carbonate. These soils are highly

erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive measures to

control wind erosion are used.

4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams,

and silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent

clay. These soils are moderately erodible. Crops can

be grown if measures to control wind erosion are

used.

5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams, sandy

clays, and hemic soil material. These soils have less

than 5 percent finely divided calcium carbonate. They

are moderately erodible. Crops can be grown if

measures to control wind erosion are used.

6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay

loams that are less than 35 percent clay. These soils

have less than 5 percent finely divided calcium

carbonate. They are moderately erodible. Crops can

be grown if ordinary measures to control wind erosion

are used.

7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are

less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material.

These soils have less than 5 percent finely divided

calcium carbonate. They are very slightly erodible.

Crops can be grown if ordinary measures to control

wind erosion are used.

8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion

because of rock fragments on the surface or because

of surface wetness.

The wind erodibility index is a number that is

determined based on the percentage of dry,

nonerodible surface soil aggregates larger than 0.84

millimeter in diameter. It is an expression of the

stability of the soil aggregates, or the extent to which

they are broken down by tillage and the abrasion

caused by windblown soil particles.

In the table “Chemical Properties of the Soils,”

cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams

of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH

value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity

hold fewer cations and may require more frequent

applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cationexchange capacity. Soils having a high cationexchange capacity can retain cations. The ability to

retain cations helps to prevent the pollution of ground

water.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity and

is expressed as a range in pH values. The range in pH

of each major horizon is based on many field tests. For

many soils, values have been verified by laboratory

analyses. Soil reaction is important in selecting crops

and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for

fertility and stabilization, and in determining the risk of

corrosion.

Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of

carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less
328 Soil Survey of

than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant

nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in

the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous

soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and

ammonium-N volatilization.

Water Features

The table “Water Features” gives estimates of

several important water features used in land use

planning that involves engineering considerations.

These features are described in the following

paragraphs.

Hydrologic soil groups are groups of soils that,

when saturated, have the same runoff potential under

similar storm and ground cover conditions. The soil

properties that affect the runoff potential are those that

influence the minimum rate of infiltration in a bare soil

after prolonged wetting and when the soil is not frozen.

These properties include the depth to a seasonal high

water table, the infiltration rate, permeability after

prolonged wetting, and the depth to a very slowly

permeable layer. The influences of ground cover and

slope are treated independently and are not taken into

account in hydrologic soil groups.

In the definitions of the hydrologic soil groups, the

infiltration rate is the rate at which water enters the soil

at the surface and is controlled by surface conditions.

The transmission rate is the rate at which water moves

through the soil and is controlled by properties of the

soil layers.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

chiefly of very deep, well drained to excessively

drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a

high rate of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have a moderately fine to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when

thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a

layer that impedes the downward movement of water

or soils that have a moderately fine or fine texture.

These soils have a slow rate of water transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clayey soils that have a high shrinkswell potential, soils that have a permanent high water

table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near

the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly

impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate

of water transmission.

If a soil is assigned to two hydrologic groups in the

table, the first letter is for drained areas and the

second is for undrained areas.

Flooding, the temporary covering of the soil surface

by flowing water, is caused by overflow from streams

or by runoff from adjacent slopes. Shallow water

standing or flowing for short periods after rainfall or

snowmelt is not considered flooding. Standing water in

marshes and swamps or in closed depressions is

considered to be ponding.

The table gives the frequency and duration of

flooding and the time of year when flooding is most

likely to occur. Frequency, duration, and probable

dates of occurrence are estimated. Frequency

generally is expressed as none, rare, occasional, or

frequent. None means that flooding is not probable;

rare that it is unlikely but is possible under unusual

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is nearly 0

percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional that it

occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions

(the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

and frequent that it occurs often under normal weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is more than 50

percent in any year).

Duration is expressed as very brief (less than 2

days), brief (2 to 7 days), long (7 to 30 days), and very

long (more than 30 days). The time of year that

flooding is most likely to occur is expressed in months.

About two-thirds to three-fourths of all flooding occurs

during the stated period.

The information on flooding is based on evidence in

the soil profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt,

or clay deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in

organic matter content with increasing depth; and little

or no horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and level of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

High water table (seasonal) is a zone of saturation

at the highest average depth during the wettest

season. It is at least 6 inches thick, persists in the soil

for more than a few weeks, and is within 6 feet of the

surface. Indicated in the table are the depth to the

seasonal high water table, the kind of water table, and

the months of the year when the water table usually is

highest.

An apparent water table is indicated by the level at

which water stands in a freshly dug, unlined borehole
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 329

after adequate time for adjustments in the surrounding

soil.

A perched water table is one that is above an

unsaturated zone in the soil. The basis for determining

that a water table is perched may be general

knowledge of the area. The water table is proven to be

perched if the water level in a borehole is observed to

fall when the borehole is extended.

Two numbers in the column showing depth to the

water table indicate the normal range in depth to a

saturated zone. Depth is given to the nearest half foot.

The first numeral in the range indicates the highest

water level. “More than 6.0” indicates that the water

table is below a depth of 6 feet or that it is within a

depth of 6 feet for less than a month.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression.

Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is

removed only by percolation, transpiration, or

evaporation. The maximum depth refers to the depth of

the water above the surface of the soil.

Soil Features

The table “Soil Features” gives estimates of several

important soil features used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations. These features

are described in the following paragraphs.

Depth to bedrock is given if bedrock is within a

depth of 60 inches. The depth is based on many soil

borings and on observations during soil mapping. The

rock is specified as either soft or hard. If the rock is

soft or fractured, excavations can be made with

trenching machines, backhoes, or small rippers. If the

rock is hard or massive, blasting or special equipment

generally is needed for excavation.

Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of

saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence

generally results from either desiccation and

shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both,

following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually,

usually over a period of several years. The table shows

the expected initial subsidence, which usually is a

result of drainage, and total subsidence, which results

from a combination of factors.

Potential frost action is the likelihood of upward or

lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation of

segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the

subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on

thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves

into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture,

density, permeability, content of organic matter, and

depth to the water table are the most important factors

considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It

is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation

or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly

structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in

winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well

drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least

susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during

thawing cause damage mainly to pavements and other

rigid structures.

A low potential for frost action indicates that the soil

is rarely susceptible to the formation of ice lenses; a

moderate potential indicates that the soil is susceptible

to formation of ice lenses, resulting in frost heave and

the subsequent loss of soil strength; and a high

potential indicates that the soil is highly susceptible to

formation of ice lenses, resulting in frost heave and the

subsequent loss of soil strength.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate content,

texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil.

Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a severe

hazard of corrosion. The steel in installations that

intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more

susceptible to corrosion than steel in installations that

are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil

layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation

extract.
Engineering Index Properties (Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 82B: | | | | | | | | |  Redeye----------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 3-18 |Loamy sand, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand. | | | | | | |  | 18-26 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3, | 0-1 | 0-10 |75-95 |70-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | A-1-b | | | | |  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 26-52 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-70  | | gravelly sandy| | A-1-b | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 52-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-1-b | 0 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-70  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 82C: | | | | | | | | |  Redeye----------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 3-18 |Loamy sand, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand. | | | | | | |  | 18-26 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3, | 0-1 | 0-10 |75-95 |70-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | A-1-b | | | | |  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 26-52 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-70  | | gravelly sandy| | A-1-b | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 52-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-1-b | 0 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-70  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 133B: | | | | | | | | |  Dalbo-----------| 0-6 |Silt loam------|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 6-41 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 41-60 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 133C: | | | | | | | | |  Dalbo-----------| 0-6 |Silt loam------|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 6-41 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 41-60 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 139B: | | | | | | | | |  Huntersville----| 0-12 |Loamy fine sand|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 12-24 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-1-b,| 0-1 | 0-10 |85-95 |70-95 |45-50  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 24-40 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, |A-2-4, A-1-b,| 0-10 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-50  | | gravelly sandy| SC, CL-ML | A-6 | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 40-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-1-b | 0-10 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-60  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 147: | | | | | | | | |  Spooner---------| 0-8 |Silt loam------|ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 8-13 |Loamy very fine|SM, ML, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | sand, very | CL | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 13-20 |Loam, silt |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 20-80 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL, SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | SC | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 158B: | | | | | | | | |  Zimmerman-------| 0-16 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 16-60 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 158C: | | | | | | | | |  Zimmerman-------| 0-16 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 16-80 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |_____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 167A: | | | | | | | | |  Baudette--------| 0-4 |Silt loam------|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 4-8 |Very fine sandy|SM, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-100 | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | silt loam. | | | | | | |  | 8-35 |Clay loam, silt|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 35-60 |Silt loam, very|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 170: | | | | | | | | |  Blomford--------| 0-5 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-80  | 5-23 |Loamy fine |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |65-80  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 23-55 |Sandy clay |ML, CL, CL-ML|A-6, A-4, A-7| 0-1 | 0-8 |95-100|85-100|80-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 55-80 |Loam, sandy |ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|80-100 | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 202: | | | | | | | | |  Meehan----------| 0-6 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|40-90  | 6-38 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|40-90  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 38-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|40-90  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 207B: | | | | | | | | |  Nymore----------| 0-8 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-75  | 8-33 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 207C: | | | | | | | | |  Nymore----------| 0-8 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-75  | 8-33 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 207D: | | | | | | | | |  Nymore----------| 0-8 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-75  | 8-33 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 260: | | | | | | | | |  Duelm-----------| 0-16 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|35-75  | 16-30 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3, A-1| 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|35-75  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Coarse sand, |SP, SM, SP-SM|A-2, A-3, A-1| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|35-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 261: | | | | | | | | |  Isan------------| 0-11 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|50-75  | 11-15 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|50-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 15-80 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|35-70  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 267B: | | | | | | | | |  Snellman--------| 0-2 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 2-16 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0-10 |88-100|80-95 |65-80  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 16-31 |Sandy clay |SC, CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-10 |90-100|80-95 |70-80  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 31-41 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC |A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |85-95 |80-95 |65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 41-80 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC |A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |85-95 |80-95 |65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |_____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 346: | | | | | | | | |  Talmoon---------| 0-3 |Loam-----------|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|70-100 | 3-14 |Very fine sandy|CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|60-95  | | loam, sandy | CL-ML, SC-SM| | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 14-55 |Clay loam, |CL, ML |A-6, A-7, A-4| 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|70-100 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 55-80 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|75-100 | | clay loam, | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 406A: | | | | | | | | |  Dorset----------| 0-11 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|50-70  | 11-20 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|50-90  | | loam, coarse | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 20-38 |Gravelly loamy |SP-SM, SM, |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |50-90 |50-75 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| SC-SM, GM | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 38-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM, |A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |50-90 |50-75 |15-40  | | sand, gravelly| GP, GP-GM | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 488: | | | | | | | | |  Becida----------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-15 |85-100|80-95 |60-80  | 5-12 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-15 |85-95 |75-95 |60-75  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 12-29 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |75-95 |60-75  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 29-65 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-95 |75-95 |60-75  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 65-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-95 |75-95 |60-75  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |_____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 526C: | | | | | | | | |  Steamboat-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4 | 0-5 | 2-15 |90-100|85-100|60-80  | 3-35 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 2-15 |85-100|85-100|65-85  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 35-46 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, ML|A-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |90-100|85-100|65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 0-10 |85-95 |85-95 |65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | 2-9 |Loamy coarse |SM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-5 | 0-25 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 9-19 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-1 | 1-10 |80-98 |65-95 |30-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0-1 | 0-10 |70-93 |50-85 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----| 0-18 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 18-60 |Mucky peat, |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | muck. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 526E: | | | | | | | | |  Steamboat-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4 | 0-5 | 2-15 |90-100|85-100|60-80  | 3-35 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 2-15 |85-100|85-100|65-85  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 35-46 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, ML|A-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |90-100|85-100|65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 0-10 |85-95 |85-95 |65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 526E: | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | 2-9 |Loamy coarse |SM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-5 | 0-25 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 9-19 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-1 | 1-10 |80-98 |65-95 |30-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0-1 | 0-10 |70-93 |50-85 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----| 0-18 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 18-60 |Mucky peat, |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | muck. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 540: | | | | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----| 0-10 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 10-80 |Muck, mucky |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | peat. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 541: | | | | | | | | |  Rifle-----------| 0-14 |Mucky peat-----|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 14-60 |Mucky peat-----|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | | | | | | | | 545: | | | | | | | | |  Rondeau---------| 0-44 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 44-60 |Marl-----------|OH, MH |A-8, A-5, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-90  | | | | | | | | | 567A: | | | | | | | | |  Verndale--------| 0-9 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-85  | 9-19 |Sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |98-100|85-100|60-85  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 19-49 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP-SM |A-3, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |98-100|85-100|50-65  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 49-60 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-1-b, | 0 | 0 |96-100|75-100|45-60  | | sand. | | A-2-4 | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |_____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 574G: | | | | | | | | |  Steamboat-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4 | 0-5 | 2-15 |90-100|85-100|60-80  | 3-35 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 2-15 |85-100|85-100|65-85  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 35-46 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, ML|A-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |90-100|85-100|65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 0-10 |85-95 |85-95 |65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | 2-9 |Loamy coarse |SM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-5 | 0-25 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 9-19 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-1 | 1-10 |80-98 |65-95 |30-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0-1 | 0-10 |70-93 |50-85 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 628: | | | | | | | | |  Talmoon---------| 0-10 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 10-15 |Very fine sandy|CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|60-95  | | loam, sandy | CL-ML, SC-SM| | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 15-55 |Clay loam, |CL, ML |A-6, A-7, A-4| 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|70-100 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 55-80 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|75-100 | | clay loam, | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 672: | | | | | | | | |  Willosippi------| 0-7 |Loam-----------|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 7-12 |Fine sandy |SM, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-95  | | loam, loam, | CL-ML, SC-SM| | | | | |  | | silt loam. | | | | | | |  | 12-32 |Stratified |ML, CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-90  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam to loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 32-60 |Stratified |ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-90  | | silty clay | CL-ML, SC-SM| | | | | |  | | loam to loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 675C: | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | 2-9 |Loamy coarse |SM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-5 | 0-25 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 9-19 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-1 | 1-10 |80-98 |65-95 |30-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0-1 | 0-10 |70-93 |50-85 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Eagleview-------| 0-4 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-80  | 4-28 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|50-75  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand. | | | | | | |  | 28-45 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|50-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 45-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|40-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 675C: | | | | | | | | |  Steamboat-------| 0-3 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-4 | 0-5 | 2-15 |90-100|85-100|60-80  | 3-35 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 2-15 |85-100|85-100|65-85  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 35-46 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, ML|A-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |90-100|85-100|65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 0-10 |85-95 |85-95 |65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 675E: | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | 2-9 |Loamy coarse |SM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-5 | 0-25 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 9-19 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-1 | 1-10 |80-98 |65-95 |30-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0-1 | 0-10 |70-93 |50-85 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Eagleview-------| 0-4 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-80  | 4-28 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|50-75  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand. | | | | | | |  | 28-45 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|50-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 45-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|40-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 675E: | | | | | | | | |  Steamboat-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4 | 0-5 | 2-15 |90-100|85-100|60-80  | 3-35 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 2-15 |85-100|85-100|65-85  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 35-46 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, ML|A-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |90-100|85-100|65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 0-10 |85-95 |85-95 |65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 675G: | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | 2-9 |Loamy coarse |SM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-5 | 0-25 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 9-19 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-1 | 1-10 |80-98 |65-95 |30-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0-1 | 0-10 |70-93 |50-85 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Eagleview-------| 0-4 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-80  | 4-28 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|50-75  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand. | | | | | | |  | 28-45 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|50-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 45-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|40-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passin Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |_____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 675G: | | | | | | | | |  Steamboat-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4 | 0-5 | 2-15 |90-100|85-100|60-80  | 3-35 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 2-15 |85-100|85-100|65-85  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 35-46 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, ML|A-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |90-100|85-100|65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 0-10 |85-95 |85-95 |65-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 701: | | | | | | | | |  Runeberg--------| 0-10 |Mucky loam-----|ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 2-5 |95-100|90-95 |80-90  | 10-36 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-95 |60-75  | 36-60 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-95 |60-75  | | | | | | | | | 709B: | | | | | | | | |  Lengby----------| 0-3 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-85  | 3-11 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 11-26 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 26-48 |Stratified silt|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|50-80  | | loam to coarse| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 48-60 |Stratified sand|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-1-b | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|35-75  | | to loamy very | | | | | | |  | | fine sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 709C: | | | | | | | | |  Lengby----------| 0-3 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-85  | 3-11 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 11-26 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 26-48 |Stratified silt|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|50-80  | | loam to coarse| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 48-60 |Stratified sand|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-1-b | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|35-75  | | to loamy very | | | | | | |  | | fine sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 719B: | | | | | | | | |  Rondeau---------| 0-20 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 20-80 |Marl-----------|OH, MH |A-8, A-5, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-90  | | | | | | | | | 731A: | | | | | | | | |  Sanburn---------| 0-6 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|80-100|50-75  | 6-15 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-4, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|80-100|55-85  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 15-21 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-10 |75-100|65-90 |45-90  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 21-60 |Sand, coarse |SP |A-1 | 0-1 | 0-10 |65-90 |45-90 |15-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 744B: | | | | | | | | |  Debs------------| 0-2 |Silt loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 2-12 |Fine sandy |ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 12-32 |Silt loam, |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 32-60 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Akeley----------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-1 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 3-49 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|80-95 |50-75  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 49-56 |Silt loam, clay|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|95-10 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 56-80 |Stratified fine|SM, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|65-90  | | sand to silt | ML, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 746: | | | | | | | | |  Haslie----------| 0-12 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 12-30 |Sapric |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | material, | | | | | | |  | | muck. | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Coprogenous |OL |A-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | | earth, mucky | | | | | | |  | | silt loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 775B: | | | | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|55-70  | 3-13 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 13-25 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|50-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 25-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0-1 | 0-10 |55-85 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 775B: | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|50-90 |35-70  | 2-10 |Loamy coarse |SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|50-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 10-33 |Loamy coarse |SM |A-2-4, A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|50-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand, sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 775C: | | | | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|55-70  | 3-13 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 13-25 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|50-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 25-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0-1 | 0-10 |55-85 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|50-90 |35-70  | 2-10 |Loamy coarse |SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|50-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 10-33 |Loamy coarse |SM |A-2-4, A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|50-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand, sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 778B: | | | | | | | | |  Dorset----------| 0-11 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|50-70  | 11-20 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|50-90  | | loam, coarse | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 20-38 |Gravelly loamy |SP-SM, SM, |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |50-90 |50-75 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| SC-SM, GM | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 38-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM, |A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |50-90 |50-75 |15-40  | | sand, gravelly| GP, GP-GM | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Corliss---------| 0-7 |Loamy coarse |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|40-70  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 7-11 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0 | 0-5 |75-95 |50-85 |35-70  | | gravelly sand,| | A-3 | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 11-60 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-3 | 0 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-85 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 778C: | | | | | | | | |  Dorset----------| 0-11 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|50-70  | 11-20 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|50-90  | | loam, coarse | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 20-38 |Gravelly loamy |SP-SM, SM, |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |50-90 |50-75 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| SC-SM, GM | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 38-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM, |A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |50-90 |50-75 |15-40  | | sand, gravelly| GP, GP-GM | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Corliss---------| 0-7 |Loamy coarse |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|40-70  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 7-11 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0 | 0-5 |75-95 |50-85 |35-70  | | gravelly sand,| | A-3 | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 11-60 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-3 | 0 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-85 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 797: | | | | | | | | |  Mooselake-------| 0-10 |Mucky peat-----|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 10-80 |Mucky peat-----|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | | | | | | | |  Lupton----------| 0-10 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 10-80 |Sapric material|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | | | | | | | | 799: | | | | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----| 0-12 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 12-80 |Muck, sapric |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | material. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Bowstring-------| 0-38 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 38-47 |Stratified sand|SP-SM, SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-85  | | to fine sandy | SC-SM | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 47-80 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | | | | | | | | 820B: | | | | | | | | |  Potatolake------| 0-9 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 9-15 |Very fine sandy|ML, SM |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|75-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 15-30 |Silty clay |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | | loam, silt | | A-7-6 | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Stratified silt|SP-SM, SP, SM|A-1, A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |75-100|50-100|40-70  | | loam to | | A-3, A-4 | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 820C: | | | | | | | | |  Potatolake------| 0-9 |Very fine sandy|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 9-15 |Very fine sandy|ML, SM |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|75-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 15-30 |Silty clay |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | | loam, silt | | A-7-6 | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Stratified silt|SP-SM, SP, SM|A-1, A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |75-100|50-100|40-70  | | loam to | | A-3, A-4 | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 831C: | | | | | | | | |  Akeley----------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-1 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 3-49 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|80-95 |50-75  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 49-56 |Silt loam, clay|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|95-10 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 56-80 |Stratified fine|SM, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|65-90  | | sand to silt | ML, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Debs------------| 0-2 |Silt loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 2-12 |Fine sandy |ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 12-32 |Silt loam, |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 32-60 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 831E: | | | | | | | | |  Akeley----------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-1 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 3-49 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|80-95 |50-75  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 49-56 |Silt loam, clay|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|95-10 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 56-80 |Stratified fine|SM, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|65-90  | | sand to silt | ML, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Debs------------| 0-2 |Silt loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 2-12 |Fine sandy |ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 12-32 |Silt loam, |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 32-60 |Silt loam, very|ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 844B: | | | | | | | | |  Sanburn---------| 0-6 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|80-100|50-75  | 6-15 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-4, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|80-100|55-85  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 15-21 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-10 |75-100|65-90 |45-90  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 21-60 |Sand, coarse |SP |A-1 | 0-1 | 0-10 |65-90 |45-90 |15-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 844B: | | | | | | | | |  Graycalm--------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-75  | 3-20 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 20-39 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-55  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 867B: | | | | | | | | |  Graycalm--------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-75  | 3-20 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 20-39 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-55  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Menahga---------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-80  | 3-17 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 17-80 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 867C: | | | | | | | | |  Graycalm--------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-75  | 3-20 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 20-39 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-55  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Menahga---------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-80  | 3-17 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 17-80 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 867E: | | | | | | | | |  Graycalm--------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-75  | 3-20 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 20-39 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-55  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Menahga---------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-80  | 3-17 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 17-80 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 867F: | | | | | | | | |  Graycalm--------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-75  | 3-20 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 20-39 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-55  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Menahga---------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-80  | 3-17 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 17-80 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1015: | | | | | | | | |  Udipsamments----| 0-14 |Sand-----------|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|75-90  | 14-60 |Sand, fine sand|SP-SM, SP |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-75  | 60-80 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0 |75-100|65-85 |40-65  | | gravelly | GP-GM | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1016: | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents------| 0-60 |Variable-------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | 60-80 |Variable-------| --- | --- | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1021C: | | | | | | | | |  Graycalm--------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-75  | 3-20 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 20-39 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-55  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Sanburn---------| 0-6 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|80-100|50-75  | 6-15 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-4, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|80-100|55-85  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 15-21 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-10 |75-100|65-90 |45-90  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 21-60 |Sand, coarse |SP |A-1 | 0-1 | 0-10 |65-90 |45-90 |15-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1027: | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1030: | | | | | | | | |  Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Udipsamments----| 0-14 |Sand-----------|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|75-90  | 14-60 |Sand, fine sand|SP-SM, SP |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-75  | 60-80 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0 |75-100|65-85 |40-65  | | gravelly | GP-GM | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1111: | | | | | | | | |  Nidaros---------| 0-32 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 32-38 |Sandy clay |SC, CL, |A-6, A-2-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-95  | | loam, sandy | CL-ML, SC-SM| A-4 | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 38-60 |Coarse sand, |SP, SM, |A-1-b, A-3, | 0 | 0 |60-100|50-100|30-70  | | loamy sand, | SP-SM, SW | A-2-4 | | | | |  | | gravelly sand.| | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1113: | | | | | | | | |  Haslie----------| 0-20 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 20-60 |Coprogenous |OL |A-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | | earth, mucky | | | | | | |  | | silty clay. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----| 0-18 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 18-60 |Mucky peat, |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | | muck. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Cathro----------| 0-23 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 23-60 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|65-100|60-10 | | silt loam, | SC, CL | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1126B: | | | | | | | | |  Verndale--------| 0-9 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-85  | 9-19 |Sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |98-100|85-100|60-85  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 19-49 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP-SM |A-3, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |98-100|85-100|50-65  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 49-60 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-1-b, | 0 | 0 |96-100|75-100|45-60  | | sand. | | A-2-4 | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Nymore----------| 0-8 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-75  | 8-33 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1127A: | | | | | | | | |  Bootlake--------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|55-70  | 3-7 |Coarse sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-1-b | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 7-13 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-65  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 13-47 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-80  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 47-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-80  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1127A: | | | | | | | | |  Graycalm--------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-75  | 3-20 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 20-39 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-55  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1127B: | | | | | | | | |  Bootlake--------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|55-70  | 3-7 |Coarse sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-1-b | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 7-13 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-65  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 13-47 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-80  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 47-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-80  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Graycalm--------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-75  | 3-20 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 20-39 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-55  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1136: | | | | | | | | |  Nidaros---------| 0-27 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 27-38 |Sandy clay |SC, CL, |A-6, A-2-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-95  | | loam, sandy | CL-ML, SC-SM| A-4 | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 38-80 |Coarse sand, |SP, SM, |A-1-b, A-3, | 0 | 0 |60-100|50-100|30-70  | | loamy sand, | SP-SM, SW | A-2-4 | | | | |  | | gravelly sand.| | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1164: | | | | | | | | |  Zerkel----------| 0-4 |Loam-----------|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | 4-10 |Very fine sandy|SM, SC-SM, ML|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-90  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 10-29 |Loam, clay |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 29-37 |Stratified fine|ML, CL-ML, |A-2-4, A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-85  | | sand to silt | SM, SP-SM | A-3 | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 37-80 |Stratified fine|ML, CL-ML, |A-2-4, A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-85  | | sand to silt | SM, SP-SM | A-3 | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1200: | | | | | | | | |  Egglake---------| 0-4 |Loam-----------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-98 |50-97  | 4-9 |Fine sandy |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-98 |40-50  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 9-25 |Sandy clay |SC, CL |A-6, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-98 |55-75  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 25-80 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC, |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-98 |50-70  | | coarse sandy | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1230: | | | | | | | | |  Haslie----------| 0-44 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 44-60 |Coprogenous |OL |A-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | | earth, mucky | | | | | | |  | | silty clay. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Nidaros---------| 0-38 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 38-54 |Coarse sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-6, A-2-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-95  | | loam, sandy | CL, CL-ML | A-4 | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 54-60 |Coarse sand, |SP, SM, |A-1-b, A-3, | 0 | 0 |60-100|50-100|30-70  | | sand, gravelly| SP-SM, SW | A-2-4 | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1238E: | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|50-90 |35-70  | 2-10 |Loamy coarse |SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|50-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 10-33 |Loamy coarse |SM |A-2-4, A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|50-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand, sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|55-70  | 3-13 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 13-25 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|50-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 25-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0-1 | 0-10 |55-85 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1238F: | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|50-90 |35-70  | 2-10 |Loamy coarse |SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|50-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 10-33 |Loamy coarse |SM |A-2-4, A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|50-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand, sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1238F: | | | | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|55-70  | 3-13 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 13-25 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|50-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 25-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0-1 | 0-10 |55-85 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1244B: | | | | | | | | |  Sol-------------| 0-4 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |95-100|75-95 |50-80  | 4-17 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |95-100|75-95 |45-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 17-43 |Loam, sandy |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|75-95 |70-90  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 43-80 |Fine sandy |SM, SC, CL, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|75-95 |60-85  | | loam, sandy | ML | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|55-70  | 3-12 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 12-25 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|50-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 25-60 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0-1 | 0-10 |55-85 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1244C: | | | | | | | | |  Sol-------------| 0-4 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |95-100|75-95 |50-80  | 4-17 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |95-100|75-95 |45-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 17-43 |Loam, sandy |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|75-95 |70-90  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 43-80 |Fine sandy |SM, SC, CL, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|75-95 |60-85  | | loam, sandy | ML | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1244C: | | | | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|55-70  | 3-12 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 12-25 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|50-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 25-60 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0-1 | 0-10 |55-85 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1244E: | | | | | | | | |  Sol-------------| 0-4 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |95-100|75-95 |50-80  | 4-17 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |95-100|75-95 |45-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 17-43 |Loam, sandy |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|75-95 |70-90  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 43-80 |Fine sandy |SM, SC, CL, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|75-95 |60-85  | | loam, sandy | ML | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|55-70  | 3-12 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 12-25 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|50-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 25-60 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0-1 | 0-10 |55-85 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1247D: | | | | | | | | |  Corliss---------| 0-7 |Loamy coarse |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|40-70  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 7-11 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0 | 0-5 |75-95 |50-85 |35-70  | | gravelly sand,| | A-3 | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 11-60 |Coarse sand, |SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-3 | 0 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-85 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1247D: | | | | | | | | |  Dorset----------| 0-11 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|50-70  | 11-20 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|50-90  | | loam, coarse | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 20-38 |Gravelly loamy |SP-SM, SM, |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |50-90 |50-75 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| SC-SM, GM | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 38-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM, |A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |50-90 |50-75 |15-40  | | sand, gravelly| GP, GP-GM | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1248C: | | | | | | | | |  Nymore----------| 0-8 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-75  | 8-33 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Verndale--------| 0-9 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-85  | 9-19 |Sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |98-100|85-100|60-85  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam. | | | | | | |  | 19-49 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP-SM |A-3, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |98-100|85-100|50-65  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 49-60 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-1-b, | 0 | 0 |96-100|75-100|45-60  | | sand. | | A-2-4 | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1249C: | | | | | | | | |  Graycalm--------| 0-3 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-75  | 3-20 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, SM, SP|A-3, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 20-39 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|30-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|35-55  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1249C: | | | | | | | | |  Bootlake--------| 0-3 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|55-70  | 3-7 |Coarse sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-1-b | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 7-13 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-65  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 13-47 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-80  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 47-80 |Sand, coarse |SP, SP-SM |A-3, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-80  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1271: | | | | | | | | |  Roscommon-------| 0-6 |Mucky loamy |SM, SP-SM, |A-2, A-1-b | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|40-85  | | sand. | SC-SM | | | | | |  | 6-80 |Sand, loamy |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|40-75  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1272B: | | | | | | | | |  Sol-------------| 0-3 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |95-100|75-95 |50-80  | 3-14 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-15 |95-100|75-95 |45-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 14-38 |Loam, sandy |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|75-95 |70-90  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 38-60 |Fine sandy |SM, SC, CL, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|75-95 |60-85  | | loam, sandy | ML | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1294: | | | | | | | | |  Nary------------| 0-3 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 1-15 |90-100|80-95 |45-75  | 3-15 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 1-15 |90-100|80-95 |35-80  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 15-36 |Sandy clay |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-95 |70-90  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 36-60 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-95 |60-85  | | loam, sandy | ML, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1319B: | | | | | | | | |  Rockwood--------| 0-8 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-100|85-100|60-80  | 8-16 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 16-37 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | 37-46 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | 46-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1319C: | | | | | | | | |  Rockwood--------| 0-8 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-100|85-100|60-80  | 8-16 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 16-37 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | 37-46 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | 46-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1319D: | | | | | | | | |  Rockwood--------| 0-8 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-100|85-100|60-80  | 8-16 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 16-37 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | 37-46 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | 46-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1320B: | | | | | | | | |  Blowers---------| 0-6 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |85-100|85-100|60-80  | 6-17 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | 17-27 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | 27-40 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |85-95 |80-95 |60-75  | 40-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1321: | | | | | | | | |  Paddock---------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 2-10 |85-100|80-100|60-80  | 8-15 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 15-40 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |85-95 |80-95 |60-75  | 40-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |85-90 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1321: | | | | | | | | |  Becida----------| 0-8 |Loam-----------|ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-95 |80-90  | 8-13 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |85-95 |75-95 |60-75  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 13-27 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-95 |75-95 |60-75  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 27-58 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-95 |75-95 |60-75  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 58-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-95 |75-95 |60-75  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1332B: | | | | | | | | |  Rockwood--------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-100|85-100|60-80  | 7-16 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 16-37 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 37-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1332C: | | | | | | | | |  Rockwood--------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-100|85-100|60-80  | 7-16 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 16-37 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 37-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1332E: | | | | | | | | |  Rockwood--------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-100|85-100|60-80  | 7-16 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 16-37 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 37-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1334: | | | | | | | | |  Huntersville----| 0-8 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 8-38 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-1-b,| 0-1 | 0-10 |85-95 |70-95 |45-50  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 38-65 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, |A-2-4, A-1-b,| 0-10 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-50  | | gravelly sandy| SC, CL-ML | A-6 | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 65-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-1-b | 0-10 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-60  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1336: | | | | | | | | |  Blowers---------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |90-100|85-100|60-80  | 5-23 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-90 |45-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 23-47 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | 47-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1421B: | | | | | | | | |  Rockwood--------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-100|85-100|60-80  | 7-16 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 16-37 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 37-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | 2-9 |Loamy coarse |SM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-5 | 0-25 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 9-19 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-1 | 1-10 |80-98 |65-95 |30-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0-1 | 0-10 |70-93 |50-85 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1421C: | | | | | | | | |  Rockwood--------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-100|85-100|60-80  | 7-16 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 16-37 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 37-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | 2-9 |Loamy coarse |SM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-5 | 0-25 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 9-19 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-1 | 1-10 |80-98 |65-95 |30-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0-1 | 0-10 |70-93 |50-85 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1421E: | | | | | | | | |  Rockwood--------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-100|85-100|60-80  | 7-16 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 16-37 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |85-95 |60-75  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 37-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 5-10 |85-95 |80-90 |60-75  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1421E: | | | | | | | | |  Two Inlets------| 0-2 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2-4 | 0-5 | 0-5 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | 2-9 |Loamy coarse |SM, GM |A-1, A-2 | 0-5 | 0-25 |60-90 |60-75 |25-40  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | cobbly loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 9-19 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-1 | 1-10 |80-98 |65-95 |30-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3 | 0-1 | 0-10 |70-93 |50-85 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1438B: | | | | | | | | |  Braham----------| 0-8 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|55-70  | 8-24 |Loamy fine |SP-SM, SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|65-90  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 24-42 |Sandy clay |CL, ML, SC |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-95 |80-95  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 42-60 |Sandy clay |CL, ML, SC |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-95 |80-95  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1439: | | | | | | | | |  Cathro----------| 0-12 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 12-43 |Sapric material|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 43-80 |Sandy loam, |CL-ML, SC-SM,|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|60-10 | | loam, clay | SC, CL | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1440B: | | | | | | | | |  Redeye----------| 0-5 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 5-31 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3, | 0-1 | 0-10 |75-95 |70-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | A-1-b | | | | |  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 31-43 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-70  | | gravelly sandy| | A-1-b | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 43-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-1-b | 0 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-70  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1440C: | | | | | | | | |  Redeye----------| 0-5 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 5-31 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3, | 0-1 | 0-10 |75-95 |70-90 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | A-1-b | | | | |  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 31-43 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-70  | | gravelly sandy| | A-1-b | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 43-80 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2-4, A-1-b | 0 | 0-10 |85-100|70-95 |45-70  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1444: | | | | | | | | |  Wurtsmith-------| 0-6 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|45-75  | 6-20 |Sand-----------|SP-SM, SM, SP|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|45-70  | 20-80 |Sand-----------|SP-SM, SM, SP|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|45-70  | | | | | | | | | 1445: | | | | | | | | |  Markey----------| 0-26 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0  | 26-80 |Fine sand, |SP, SM, SP-SM|A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |75-100|60-75  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1447: | | | | | | | | |  Beltrami--------| 0-6 |Very fine sandy|SM, SC-SM, ML|A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|55-95  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 6-12 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, |A-4, A-2 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-95 |60-90  | | loam, loam, | ML, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 12-39 |Loam, sandy |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-98 |75-95  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 1-3 |95-100|85-95 |70-95  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1450B: | | | | | | | | |  Sanburn---------| 0-4 |Very stony |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 |25-50 |15-50 |80-100|80-100|45-70  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 4-17 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-4, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|80-100|55-85  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 17-24 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-10 |75-100|65-90 |45-90  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 24-80 |Sand, coarse |SP |A-1 | 0-1 | 0-10 |65-90 |45-90 |15-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1450C: | | | | | | | | |  Sanburn---------| 0-4 |Very stony |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 |25-50 |15-50 |80-100|80-100|45-70  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 4-17 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-4, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|80-100|55-85  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 17-24 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-10 |75-100|65-90 |45-90  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 24-80 |Sand, coarse |SP |A-1 | 0-1 | 0-10 |65-90 |45-90 |15-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1450E: | | | | | | | | |  Sanburn---------| 0-4 |Very stony |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 |25-50 |15-50 |80-100|80-100|45-70  | | loamy sand. | | | | | | |  | 4-17 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-4, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|80-100|55-85  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 17-24 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-10 |75-100|65-90 |45-90  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 24-80 |Sand, coarse |SP |A-1 | 0-1 | 0-10 |65-90 |45-90 |15-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1460B: | | | | | | | | |  Nebish----------| 0-6 |Very fine sandy|SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|55-95  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 6-12 |Loamy fine |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|50-85  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 12-32 |Loam, clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|70-95  | 32-80 |Loam, clay |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|70-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1460C: | | | | | | | | |  Nebish----------| 0-5 |Very fine sandy|SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|55-95  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 5-14 |Loamy fine |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|50-85  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam. | | | | | | |  | 14-39 |Loam, clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|70-95  | 39-80 |Loam, clay |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|70-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1943: | | | | | | | | |  Roscommon-------| 0-6 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3, A-4| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|50-75  | 6-60 |Sand, loamy |SP, SP-SM, SM|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|40-70  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1956: | | | | | | | | |  Staples---------| 0-7 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-95 |65-80  | 7-36 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-3, A-2-4, | 0 | 0-10 |75-95 |75-95 |30-65  | | sand, loamy | | A-1-b | | | | |  | | fine sand. | | | | | | |  | 36-44 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC, |A-2-4, A-1-b,| 0 | 0-10 |85-95 |70-95 |45-67  | | gravelly sandy| SC-SM, CL-ML| A-6 | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | 44-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2-4, A-1-b | 0 | 0-10 |85-95 |70-95 |45-67  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
 Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1968: | | | | | | | | |  Evart-----------| 0-11 |Loam-----------|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 11-60 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM, |A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|60-100|30-75  | | loamy sand, | SC-SM, SP | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1969: | | | | | | | | |  Evart-----------| 0-11 |Loam-----------|ML, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 11-60 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM, |A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|60-100|30-75  | | loamy sand, | SC-SM, SP | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Isan------------| 0-13 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|50-75  | 13-30 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|92-100|50-75  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | 30-60 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|35-70  | | sand. | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 369

Physical Properties of the Soils

(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and

 "Wind erodibility index" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not

 estimated)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

82B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------| 0-3 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 4 | 2 | 134

 | 3-18 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 18-26 | 2-6 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 26-52 | 6-18|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.11-0.13|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 52-60 | 5-14|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

82C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------| 0-3 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 4 | 2 | 134

 | 3-18 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 18-26 | 2-6 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 26-52 | 6-18|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.11-0.13|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 52-60 | 5-14|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

133B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------| 0-6 | 20-27|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.43| --- | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 6-41 | 35-60|1.25-1.45| 0.06-0.60 |0.10-0.18|High-----|0.5-2.0| 0.32| --- | | |

 | 41-60 | 24-35|1.30-1.60| 0.20-2.00 |0.20-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

133C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------| 0-6 | 20-27|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.43| --- | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 6-41 | 35-60|1.25-1.45| 0.06-0.60 |0.10-0.18|High-----|0.5-2.0| 0.32| --- | | |

 | 41-60 | 24-35|1.30-1.60| 0.20-2.00 |0.20-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

139B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Huntersville----| 0-12 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 4 | 2 | 134

 | 12-24 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.10|Low------|0.0-1.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 24-40 | 6-35|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.11-0.13|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.20| 0.20| | |

 | 40-80 | 6-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.20| 0.20| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

147: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Spooner---------| 0-8 | 10-24|1.25-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.37| 0.37| 5 | 5 | 56

 | 8-13 | 3-18|1.35-1.55| 0.60-6.00 |0.17-0.19|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 13-20 | 18-35|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 20-80 | 5-32|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

158B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------| 0-16 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 16-60 | 2-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

158C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------| 0-16 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 16-80 | 2-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

167A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Baudette--------| 0-4 | 10-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.22|Low------|1.0-4.0| 0.37| 0.37| 5 | 6 | 48

 | 4-8 | 5-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 8-35 | 18-35|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.24|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 35-60 | 5-27|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

170: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Blomford--------| 0-5 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12|Low------|1.0-4.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 5-23 | 2-10|1.40-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.08|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 23-55 | 18-30|1.65-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.17|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 55-80 | 18-30|1.65-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
370 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

202: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Meehan----------| 0-6 | 4-10|1.35-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 6-38 | 4-9 |1.60-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 38-80 | 1-4 |1.60-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

207B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 0-8 | 2-12|1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 8-33 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 33-60 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

207C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 0-8 | 2-12|1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 8-33 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 33-60 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

207D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 0-8 | 2-12|1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 8-33 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 33-60 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

260: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Duelm-----------| 0-16 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12|Low------|2.0-6.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 16-30 | 1-8 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 30-80 | 0-6 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

261: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Isan------------| 0-11 | 2-8 |1.30-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12|Low------|3.0-8.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 11-15 | 2-8 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.5-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 15-80 | 1-5 |1.55-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

267B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Snellman--------| 0-2 | 5-18|1.35-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 3 | 86

 | 2-16 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.14|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 16-31 | 18-30|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 31-41 | 7-18|1.60-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 41-80 | 7-18|1.60-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

346: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Talmoon---------| 0-3 | 8-20|1.10-1.35| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.22|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 5 | 56

 | 3-14 | 15-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.22|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 14-55 | 22-35|1.40-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 55-80 | 18-30|1.40-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

406A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| 0-11 | 4-18|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|3.0-5.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 11-20 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.19|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 20-38 | 5-10|1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.17| | |

 | 38-80 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

488: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Becida----------| 0-5 | 8-15|1.45-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-6.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 5-12 | 3-10|1.50-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.28| | |

 | 12-29 | 8-18|1.60-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.28| | |

 | 29-65 | 8-18|1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.20 |0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| | |

 | 65-80 | 6-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

526C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18|1.35-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 8 | 86

 | 3-35 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.17|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 35-46 | 10-18|1.55-1.75| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 46-80 | 5-18|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 371

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

526C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 8 | 134

 | 2-9 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 9-19 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 19-80 | 0-3 |1.40-1.60|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-18 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 8 | ---

 | 18-60 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

526E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18|1.35-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 8 | 86

 | 3-35 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.17|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 35-46 | 10-18|1.55-1.75| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 46-80 | 5-18|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 8 | 134

 | 2-9 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 9-19 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 19-80 | 0-3 |1.40-1.60|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-18 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 8 | ---

 | 18-60 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-10 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 2 | 134

 | 10-80 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

541: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------| 0-14 | --- |0.20-0.35| 0.60-6.00 |0.48-0.58|---------| 75-99 | --- | --- | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 14-60 | --- |0.08-0.20| 0.60-6.00 |0.48-0.58|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

545: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rondeau---------| 0-44 | 0-10|0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.48|Low------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 1 | 2 | 134

 | 44-60 | 5-15|0.05-0.20| 0.00-0.20 |0.20-0.22|Low------| --- | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

567A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------| 0-9 | 7-12|1.50-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.17|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.20| 0.20| 3 | 3 | 86

 | 9-19 | 7-18|1.60-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 19-49 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 49-60 | 0-4 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

574G: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18|1.35-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 8 | 86

 | 3-35 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.17|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 35-46 | 10-18|1.55-1.75| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 46-80 | 5-18|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 8 | 134

 | 2-9 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 9-19 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 19-80 | 0-3 |1.40-1.60|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

628: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Talmoon---------| 0-10 | --- |0.13-0.42| 2.00-6.00 |0.25-0.40|---------| 15-50 | --- | --- | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-15 | 15-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.22|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 15-55 | 18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 55-80 | 15-35|1.40-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

672: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Willosippi------| 0-7 | 8-26|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 5 | 56

 | 7-12 | 4-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.15-0.22|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 12-32 | 10-30|1.35-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 32-60 | 8-30|1.35-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.12-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
372 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

675C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 8 | 134

 | 2-9 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 9-19 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 19-80 | 0-3 |1.40-1.60|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| 0-4 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 4-28 | 2-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 28-45 | 2-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 45-80 | 2-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18|1.35-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 8 | 86

 | 3-35 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.17|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 35-46 | 10-18|1.55-1.75| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 46-80 | 5-18|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

675E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 8 | 134

 | 2-9 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 9-19 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 19-80 | 0-3 |1.40-1.60|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| 0-4 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 4-28 | 2-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 28-45 | 2-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 45-80 | 2-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18|1.35-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 8 | 86

 | 3-35 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.17|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 35-46 | 10-18|1.55-1.75| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 46-80 | 5-18|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

675G: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 8 | 134

 | 2-9 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 9-19 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 19-80 | 0-3 |1.40-1.60|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| 0-4 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 4-28 | 2-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 28-45 | 2-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 45-80 | 2-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18|1.35-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 8 | 86

 | 3-35 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.09-0.17|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 35-46 | 10-18|1.55-1.75| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 46-80 | 5-18|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

701: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Runeberg--------| 0-10 | 10-25|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.25|Low------|4.0-12 | 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 5 | 56

 | 10-36 | 10-18|1.60-1.75| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.18|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 36-60 | 6-15|1.65-1.75| 0.06-0.60 |0.06-0.13|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

709B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lengby----------| 0-3 | 5-12|1.25-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 3-11 | 3-10|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 11-26 | 18-35|1.30-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 26-48 | 2-18|1.40-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.08-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 48-60 | 2-8 |1.60-1.75| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 373

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

709C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lengby----------| 0-3 | 5-12|1.25-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 3-11 | 3-10|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 11-26 | 18-35|1.30-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 26-48 | 2-18|1.40-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.08-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 48-60 | 2-8 |1.60-1.75| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

719B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rondeau---------| 0-20 | 0-10|0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.48|Low------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 1 | 2 | 134

 | 20-80 | 5-15|0.05-0.20| 0.00-0.20 |0.20-0.22|Low------| --- | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

731A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-6 | 2-4 |1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 4 | 2 | 134

 | 6-15 | 4-12|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.09|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.20| | |

 | 15-21 | 6-15|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.24| | |

 | 21-60 | 1-4 |1.50-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

744B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Debs------------| 0-2 | 8-16|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.24|Low------|4.0-7.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 5 | 56

 | 2-12 | 3-12|1.20-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.15-0.20|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | 12-32 | 18-30|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | 32-60 | 5-12|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------| 0-3 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-49 | 2-6 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 49-56 | 18-35|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | 56-80 | 2-18|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

746: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| 0-12 | --- |0.10-0.30| 0.60-6.00 |0.35-0.48|---------| 60-90 | --- | --- | 1 | 2 | 134

 | 12-30 | --- |0.10-0.30| 0.60-6.00 |0.35-0.48|---------| 60-90 | --- | --- | | |

 | 30-80 | 18-35|0.10-0.50| 0.06-0.60 |0.18-0.24|Moderate |6.0-20 | 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

775B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 3-13 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 13-25 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 25-80 | 1-5 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 2-10 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 10-33 | 5-15|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 33-60 | 0-3 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

775C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 3-13 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 13-25 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 25-80 | 1-5 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 2-10 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 10-33 | 5-15|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 33-60 | 0-3 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

778B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| 0-11 | 4-18|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|3.0-5.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 11-20 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.19|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 20-38 | 5-10|1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.17| | |

 | 38-80 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
374 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

778B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 0-7 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 7-11 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 11-60 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

778C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| 0-11 | 4-18|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|3.0-5.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 11-20 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.19|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 20-38 | 5-10|1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.17| | |

 | 38-80 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 0-7 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 7-11 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 11-60 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

797: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mooselake-------| 0-10 | --- |0.05-0.30| 0.60-6.00 |0.35-0.55|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 5 | 56

 | 10-80 | --- |0.10-0.20| 0.60-6.00 |0.40-0.50|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------| 0-10 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 70-90 | --- | --- | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-80 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| --- | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

799: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-12 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 2 | 134

 | 12-80 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bowstring-------| 0-38 | 0-5 |0.15-0.30| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|Low------| 40-90 | --- | --- | 3 | 8 | ---

 | 38-47 | 1-12|1.40-1.60| 0.60-20.00|0.08-0.14|Low------|2.0-10 | --- | --- | | |

 | 47-80 | 0-5 |0.15-0.30| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|Low------| 40-90 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

820B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Potatolake------| 0-9 | 10-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.22|Low------|1.0-4.0| 0.37| 0.37| 4 | 6 | 48

 | 9-15 | 5-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 15-30 | 18-40|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.24|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 30-80 | 2-15|1.35-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

820C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Potatolake------| 0-9 | 10-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.22|Low------|1.0-4.0| 0.37| 0.37| 4 | 6 | 48

 | 9-15 | 5-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 15-30 | 18-40|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.24|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 30-80 | 2-15|1.35-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

831C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------| 0-3 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-49 | 2-6 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 49-56 | 18-35|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | 56-80 | 2-18|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Debs------------| 0-2 | 8-16|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.24|Low------|4.0-7.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 5 | 56

 | 2-12 | 3-12|1.20-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.15-0.20|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | 12-32 | 18-30|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | 32-60 | 5-12|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

831E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------| 0-3 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-49 | 2-6 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 49-56 | 18-35|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | 56-80 | 2-18|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Debs------------| 0-2 | 8-16|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.24|Low------|4.0-7.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 5 | 56

 | 2-12 | 3-12|1.20-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.15-0.20|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | 12-32 | 18-30|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | 32-60 | 5-12|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 375

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

844B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-6 | 2-4 |1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 4 | 2 | 134

 | 6-15 | 4-12|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.09|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.20| | |

 | 15-21 | 6-15|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.24| | |

 | 21-60 | 1-4 |1.50-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-20 | 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 20-39 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 39-80 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

867B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-20 | 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 20-39 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 39-80 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 0-3 | 2-10|1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-17 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 17-80 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

867C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-20 | 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 20-39 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 39-80 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 0-3 | 2-10|1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-17 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 17-80 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

867E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-20 | 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 20-39 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 39-80 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 0-3 | 2-10|1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-17 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 17-80 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

867F: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-20 | 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 20-39 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 39-80 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 0-3 | 2-10|1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-17 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 17-80 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1015: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| 0-14 | 1-15|1.50-1.70| 2.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 220

 | 14-60 | 1-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.08|Low------| --- | 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 60-80 | 1-10|1.50-1.70| >20.00 |0.03-0.05|Low------| --- | 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1016: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents------| 0-60 | --- | --- | --- | --- |---------| --- | --- | --- |---| --- | ---

 | 60-80 | --- | --- | 0.06-6.00 | --- |---------| --- | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
376 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1021C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-20 | 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 20-39 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 39-80 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-6 | 2-4 |1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 4 | 2 | 134

 | 6-15 | 4-12|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.09|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.20| | |

 | 15-21 | 6-15|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.24| | |

 | 21-60 | 1-4 |1.50-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1027: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| 0-14 | 1-15|1.50-1.70| 2.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 220

 | 14-60 | 1-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.08|Low------| --- | 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 60-80 | 1-10|1.50-1.70| >20.00 |0.03-0.05|Low------| --- | 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1111: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| 0-32 | --- |0.15-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 55-85 | --- | --- | 2 | 2 | 134

 | 32-38 | 8-35|1.50-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.22|Low------|5.0-15 | 0.20| 0.24| | |

 | 38-60 | 0-4 |1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1113: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| 0-20 | --- |0.10-0.30| 0.60-6.00 |0.35-0.48|---------| 60-90 | --- | --- | 1 | 8 | ---

 | 20-60 | 18-35|0.10-0.50| 0.06-0.60 |0.18-0.24|Moderate |6.0-20 | 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-18 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 8 | ---

 | 18-60 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 0-23 | --- |0.28-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.45-0.55|---------| 60-85 | --- | --- | 2 | 8 | ---

 | 23-60 | 10-30|1.50-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.11-0.22|Low------|1.0-5.0| --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1126B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------| 0-9 | 7-12|1.50-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.17|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.20| 0.20| 3 | 3 | 86

 | 9-19 | 7-18|1.60-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 19-49 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 49-60 | 0-4 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 0-8 | 2-12|1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 8-33 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 33-60 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1127A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 3 | 86

 | 3-7 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 7-13 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 13-47 | 1-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 47-80 | 1-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-20 | 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 20-39 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 39-80 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 377

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1127B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 3 | 86

 | 3-7 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 7-13 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 13-47 | 1-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 47-80 | 1-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-20 | 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 20-39 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 39-80 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1136: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| 0-27 | --- |0.15-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 55-85 | --- | --- | 2 | 2 | 134

 | 27-38 | 8-35|1.50-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.22|Low------|5.0-15 | 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 38-80 | 0-4 |1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1164: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Zerkel----------| 0-4 | 8-20|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 5 | 56

 | 4-10 | 4-12|1.45-1.65| 2.00-20.00|0.10-0.22|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 10-29 | 20-35|1.40-1.60| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.1-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 29-37 | 5-20|1.40-1.65| 0.60-6.00 |0.05-0.22|Low------|0.1-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 37-80 | 2-18|1.45-1.70| 0.60-6.00 |0.05-0.22|Low------|0.1-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1200: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Egglake---------| 0-4 | 8-15|1.35-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.10-0.21|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 5 | 56

 | 4-9 | 3-10|1.50-1.70| 0.60-6.00 |0.12-0.14|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 9-25 | 18-30|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.18|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 25-80 | 10-18|1.60-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.13|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1230: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| 0-44 | --- |0.10-0.30| 0.60-6.00 |0.35-0.48|---------| 60-90 | --- | --- | 1 | 8 | ---

 | 44-60 | 18-35|0.10-0.50| 0.06-0.60 |0.18-0.24|Moderate |6.0-20 | 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| 0-38 | --- |0.15-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 55-85 | --- | --- | 2 | 8 | ---

 | 38-54 | 8-35|1.50-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.22|Low------|5.0-15 | 0.20| 0.24| | |

 | 54-60 | 0-4 |1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1238E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 2-10 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 10-33 | 5-15|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 33-60 | 0-3 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 3-13 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 13-25 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 25-80 | 1-5 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1238F: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 2-10 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 10-33 | 5-15|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 33-60 | 0-3 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 3-13 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 13-25 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 25-80 | 1-5 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
378 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1244B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sol-------------| 0-4 | 4-16|1.50-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 8 | 86

 | 4-17 | 2-12|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.13|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 17-43 | 18-27|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 43-80 | 8-18|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 3-12 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 12-25 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 25-60 | 1-5 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1244C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sol-------------| 0-4 | 4-16|1.50-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 8 | 86

 | 4-17 | 2-12|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.13|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 17-43 | 18-27|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 43-80 | 8-18|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 3-12 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 12-25 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 25-60 | 1-5 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1244E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sol-------------| 0-4 | 4-16|1.50-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 8 | 86

 | 4-17 | 2-12|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.13|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 17-43 | 18-27|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 43-80 | 8-18|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 3-12 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 12-25 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 25-60 | 1-5 |1.60-1.80|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1247D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 0-7 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 7-11 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 11-60 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| 0-11 | 4-18|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|3.0-5.0| 0.20| 0.20| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 11-20 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.19|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 20-38 | 5-10|1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.17| | |

 | 38-80 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1248C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 0-8 | 2-12|1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 8-33 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 33-60 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------| 0-9 | 7-12|1.50-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.17|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.20| 0.20| 3 | 3 | 86

 | 9-19 | 7-18|1.60-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 19-49 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 49-60 | 0-4 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1249C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10|1.30-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 3-20 | 0-15|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 20-39 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 39-80 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 379

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1249C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| 0-3 | 5-15|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 3 | 86

 | 3-7 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 7-13 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 13-47 | 1-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 47-80 | 1-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1271: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roscommon-------| 0-6 | 0-12|0.90-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.20|Low------|4.0-15 | 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 6-80 | 0-10|1.45-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.09|Low------|0.0-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1272B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sol-------------| 0-3 | 4-16|1.50-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 8 | 86

 | 3-14 | 2-12|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.13|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 14-38 | 18-27|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 38-60 | 8-18|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1294: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nary------------| 0-3 | 4-15|1.50-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 8 | ---

 | 3-15 | 2-12|1.40-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.13|Low------| --- | 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 15-36 | 18-27|1.55-1.75| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.20|Moderate | --- | 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 36-60 | 5-18|1.55-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.16|Low------| --- | 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1319B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-8 | 5-15|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 8-16 | 5-10|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 16-37 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 37-46 | 8-18|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 46-60 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.06 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1319C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-8 | 5-15|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 8-16 | 5-10|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 16-37 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 37-46 | 8-18|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 46-60 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.06 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1319D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-8 | 5-15|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 8-16 | 5-10|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 16-37 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 37-46 | 8-18|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 46-60 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.06 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1320B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Blowers---------| 0-6 | 5-15|1.55-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-6.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 6-17 | 5-10|1.60-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 17-27 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 27-40 | 8-18|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 40-60 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.06 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1321: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Paddock---------| 0-8 | 8-15|1.45-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-6.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 8-15 | 3-10|1.50-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 15-40 | 8-18|1.60-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 40-60 | 6-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.06 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Becida----------| 0-8 | 10-20|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.22|Low------|3.0-7.0| 0.32| 0.32| 4 | 5 | 56

 | 8-13 | 3-10|1.50-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.28| | |

 | 13-27 | 8-18|1.60-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.28| | |

 | 27-58 | 8-18|1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.20 |0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| | |

 | 58-80 | 6-15|1.80-2.00| 0.01-0.06 |0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
380 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1332B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 7-16 | 5-12|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 16-37 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 37-80 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1332C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 7-16 | 5-12|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 16-37 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 37-80 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1332E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 7-16 | 5-12|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 16-37 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 37-80 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1334: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Huntersville----| 0-8 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 4 | 2 | 134

 | 8-38 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.10|Low------|0.0-1.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 38-65 | 6-35|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.11-0.13|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.20| 0.20| | |

 | 65-80 | 6-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.20| 0.20| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1336: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Blowers---------| 0-5 | 8-15|1.55-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-6.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 5-23 | 5-12|1.60-1.80| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 23-47 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 47-80 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1421B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 7-16 | 5-12|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 16-37 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 37-80 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 8 | 134

 | 2-9 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 9-19 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 19-80 | 0-3 |1.40-1.60|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1421C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 7-16 | 5-12|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 16-37 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 37-80 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 8 | 134

 | 2-9 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 9-19 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 19-80 | 0-3 |1.40-1.60|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1421E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15|1.55-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 4 | 3 | 86

 | 7-16 | 5-12|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 16-37 | 8-18|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 37-80 | 7-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.15| 5 | 8 | 134

 | 2-9 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | 9-19 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| | |

 | 19-80 | 0-3 |1.40-1.60|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 381

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1438B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Braham----------| 0-8 | 2-8 |1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 8-24 | 2-8 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 24-42 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.18|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | 42-60 | 18-35|1.55-1.75| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.18|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1439: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 0-12 | --- |0.28-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.45-0.55|---------| 60-85 | --- | --- | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 12-43 | --- |0.15-0.30| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 60-85 | --- | --- | | |

 | 43-80 | 10-30|1.50-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.11-0.19|Low------|1.0-5.0| 0.20| 0.24| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1440B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------| 0-5 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 4 | 2 | 134

 | 5-31 | 2-6 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 31-43 | 6-18|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.11-0.13|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 43-80 | 5-14|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1440C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------| 0-5 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 4 | 2 | 134

 | 5-31 | 2-6 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 31-43 | 6-18|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.11-0.13|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 43-80 | 5-14|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1444: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wurtsmith-------| 0-6 | 3-8 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 6-20 | 0-8 |1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 20-80 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1445: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-26 | --- |0.15-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 55-85 | --- | --- | 4 | 2 | 134

 | 26-80 | 0-10|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1447: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Beltrami--------| 0-6 | 5-18|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.20|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 3 | 86

 | 6-12 | 5-15|1.40-1.65| 0.60-6.00 |0.11-0.19|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 12-39 | 18-35|1.50-1.65| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 39-80 | 18-30|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1450B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-4 | 3-10|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.03-0.06|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.10| 0.17| 4 | 5 | 56

 | 4-17 | 4-12|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.09|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.20| | |

 | 17-24 | 6-15|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.24| | |

 | 24-80 | 1-4 |1.50-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1450C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-4 | 3-10|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.03-0.06|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.10| 0.17| 4 | 5 | 56

 | 4-17 | 4-12|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.09|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.20| | |

 | 17-24 | 6-15|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.24| | |

 | 24-80 | 1-4 |1.50-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1450E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-4 | 3-10|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.03-0.06|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.10| 0.17| 4 | 5 | 56

 | 4-17 | 4-12|1.45-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.09|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.20| | |

 | 17-24 | 6-15|1.45-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.24| | |

 | 24-80 | 1-4 |1.50-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1460B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nebish----------| 0-6 | 5-18|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 3 | 86

 | 6-12 | 5-12|1.40-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.11-0.19|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 12-32 | 22-35|1.50-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 32-80 | 18-30|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
382 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1460C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nebish----------| 0-5 | 5-18|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 3 | 86

 | 5-14 | 5-12|1.40-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.11-0.19|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.24| | |

 | 14-39 | 22-35|1.50-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | 39-80 | 18-30|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1943: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roscommon-------| 0-6 | 2-12|0.90-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.20|Low------|4.0-8.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 6-60 | 0-10|1.45-1.75| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07|Low------|0.0-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1956: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Staples---------| 0-7 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|2.0-8.0| 0.17| 0.17| 4 | 2 | 134

 | 7-36 | 2-6 |1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | 36-44 | 8-35|1.65-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.06-0.13|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | 44-60 | 6-15|1.80-2.00| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1968: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Evart-----------| 0-11 | 8-20|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.22|Low------|1.0-6.0| 0.28| 0.28| 3 | 5 | 56

 | 11-60 | 0-15|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------| --- | 0.15| 0.20| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1969: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Evart-----------| 0-11 | 8-20|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.22|Low------|1.0-6.0| 0.28| 0.28| 3 | 5 | 56

 | 11-60 | 0-15|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------| --- | 0.15| 0.20| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Isan------------| 0-13 | 2-8 |1.30-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12|Low------|3.0-8.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2 | 134

 | 13-30 | 2-8 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.5-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| | |

 | 30-60 | 1-5 |1.55-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 383

Chemical Properties of the Soils

(Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not

 estimated)

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

82B: | | | | |

 Redeye----------| 0-3 | 2-6 | 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 3-18 | 2-6 | 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 18-26 | 2-6 | 2.0-7.0 | 5.6-6.5 | ---

 | 26-52 | 6-18| 4.0-13.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 52-60 | 5-14| 2.0-8.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | | |

82C: | | | | |

 Redeye----------| 0-3 | 2-6 | 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 3-18 | 2-6 | 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 18-26 | 2-6 | 2.0-7.0 | 5.6-6.5 | ---

 | 26-52 | 6-18| 4.0-13.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 52-60 | 5-14| 2.0-8.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | | |

133B: | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------| 0-6 | 20-27| 8.0-25.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 6-41 | 35-60|14.0-40.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 41-60 | 24-35|10.0-22.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |

133C: | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------| 0-6 | 20-27| 8.0-25.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 6-41 | 35-60|14.0-40.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 41-60 | 24-35|10.0-22.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |

139B: | | | | |

 Huntersville----| 0-12 | 2-6 | 3.0-9.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 12-24 | 2-6 | 1.0-5.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 24-40 | 6-35| 3.0-20.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 40-80 | 6-15| 2.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | | | | |

147: | | | | |

 Spooner---------| 0-8 | 10-24| 6.0-22.0| 5.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | 8-13 | 3-18| 1.0-11.0| 5.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | 13-20 | 18-35|11.0-21.0| 6.1-7.8 | 0-15

 | 20-80 | 5-32| 2.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | | |

158B: | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------| 0-16 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-60 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

158C: | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------| 0-16 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-80 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

167A: | | | | |

 Baudette--------| 0-4 | 10-27| 8.0-30.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 4-8 | 5-27| 4.0-24.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 8-35 | 18-35|12.0-30.0| 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 35-60 | 5-27| 3.0-23.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-20

 | | | | |

170: | | | | |

 Blomford--------| 0-5 | 2-10| 3.0-15.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 5-23 | 2-10| 1.0-10.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 23-55 | 18-30| 7.0-20.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 55-80 | 18-30| 7.0-20.0| 6.1-8.4 | 0-30

 | | | | |
384 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

202: | | | | |

 Meehan----------| 0-6 | 4-10| 2.0-15.0| 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 6-38 | 4-9 | 1.0-8.0 | 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 38-80 | 1-4 | 0.0-4.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

207B: | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 0-8 | 2-12| 3.0-13.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 8-33 | 0-5 | 0.0-5.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 33-60 | 0-5 | 0.0-1.0 | 5.1-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

207C: | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 0-8 | 2-12| 3.0-13.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 8-33 | 0-5 | 0.0-5.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 33-60 | 0-5 | 0.0-1.0 | 5.1-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

207D: | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 0-8 | 2-12| 3.0-13.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 8-33 | 0-5 | 0.0-5.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 33-60 | 0-5 | 0.0-1.0 | 5.1-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

260: | | | | |

 Duelm-----------| 0-16 | 2-10| 5.0-18.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 16-30 | 1-8 | 0.0-4.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 30-80 | 0-6 | 0.0-5.0 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | | | | |

261: | | | | |

 Isan------------| 0-11 | 2-8 |10.0-20.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 11-15 | 2-8 | 2.0-10.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 15-80 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

267B: | | | | |

 Snellman--------| 0-2 | 5-18| 4.0-16.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 2-16 | 5-15| 3.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-31 | 18-30| 8.0-16.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 31-41 | 7-18| 3.0-10.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-25

 | 41-80 | 7-18| 3.0-10.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

346: | | | | |

 Talmoon---------| 0-3 | 8-20| 7.0-20.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 3-14 | 15-27| 7.0-18.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 14-55 | 22-35| 8.0-20.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 55-80 | 18-30| 7.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |

406A: | | | | |

 Dorset----------| 0-11 | 4-18|10.0-23.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 11-20 | 10-18| 7.0-17.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 20-38 | 5-10| 3.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25

 | 38-80 | 0-5 | 0.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

488: | | | | |

 Becida----------| 0-5 | 8-15| 8.0-19.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 5-12 | 3-10| 3.0-11.0| 5.6-6.5 | ---

 | 12-29 | 8-18| 9.0-11.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 29-65 | 8-18| 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 65-80 | 6-15| 3.0-9.0 | 6.6-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

526C: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18| 4.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 3-35 | 5-15| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 35-46 | 10-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.3-7.3 | ---

 | 46-80 | 5-18| 2.0-10.0| 7.4-7.8 | 5-20

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 385

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

526C: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-9 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 2-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-80 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-18 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | 18-60 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

526E: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18| 4.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 3-35 | 5-15| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 35-46 | 10-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.3-7.3 | ---

 | 46-80 | 5-18| 2.0-10.0| 7.4-7.8 | 5-20

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-9 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 2-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-80 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-18 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | 18-60 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

540: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-10 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | 10-80 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

541: | | | | |

 Rifle-----------| 0-14 | --- | 150-180 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | 14-60 | --- | 50-150 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

545: | | | | |

 Rondeau---------| 0-44 | 0-10| 140-200 | 5.1-7.8 | ---

 | 44-60 | 5-15|10.0-45.0| 7.4-8.4 | 50-90

 | | | | |

567A: | | | | |

 Verndale--------| 0-9 | 7-12| 7.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 7-18| 3.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-49 | 2-6 | 2.0-4.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 49-60 | 0-4 | 0.0-3.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30

 | | | | |

574G: | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18| 4.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 3-35 | 5-15| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 35-46 | 10-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.3-7.3 | ---

 | 46-80 | 5-18| 2.0-10.0| 7.4-7.8 | 5-20

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-9 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 2-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-80 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | | |

628: | | | | |

 Talmoon---------| 0-10 | --- | 30-100 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 10-15 | 15-27| 7.0-18.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 15-55 | 18-35| 8.0-20.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 55-80 | 15-35| 7.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |
386 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

672: | | | | |

 Willosippi------| 0-7 | 8-26| 9.0-29.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 7-12 | 4-25| 7.0-29.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 12-32 | 10-30|12.0-31.0| 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 32-60 | 8-30| 6.0-25.0| 6.6-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

675C: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-9 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 2-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-80 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| 0-4 | 2-10|10.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 4-28 | 2-10|10.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 28-45 | 2-10| 5.0-10.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 45-80 | 2-10| 0.0-5.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18| 4.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 3-35 | 5-15| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 35-46 | 10-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.3-7.3 | ---

 | 46-80 | 5-18| 2.0-10.0| 7.4-7.8 | 5-20

 | | | | |

675E: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-9 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 2-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-80 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| 0-4 | 2-10|10.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 4-28 | 2-10|10.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 28-45 | 2-10| 5.0-10.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 45-80 | 2-10| 0.0-5.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18| 4.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 3-35 | 5-15| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 35-46 | 10-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.3-7.3 | ---

 | 46-80 | 5-18| 2.0-10.0| 7.4-7.8 | 5-20

 | | | | |

675G: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-9 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 2-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-80 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| 0-4 | 2-10|10.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 4-28 | 2-10|10.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 28-45 | 2-10| 5.0-10.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 45-80 | 2-10| 0.0-5.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| 0-3 | 5-18| 4.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 3-35 | 5-15| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 35-46 | 10-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.3-7.3 | ---

 | 46-80 | 5-18| 2.0-10.0| 7.4-7.8 | 5-20

 | | | | |

701: | | | | |

 Runeberg--------| 0-10 | 10-25|12.0-40.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 10-36 | 10-18| 4.0-14.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 36-60 | 6-15| 2.0-9.0 | 7.4-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 387

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

709B: | | | | |

 Lengby----------| 0-3 | 5-12| 4.0-10.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 3-11 | 3-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 11-26 | 18-35| 9.0-18.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 26-48 | 2-18| 1.0-10.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-20

 | 48-60 | 2-8 | 1.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20

 | | | | |

709C: | | | | |

 Lengby----------| 0-3 | 5-12| 4.0-10.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 3-11 | 3-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 11-26 | 18-35| 9.0-18.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 26-48 | 2-18| 1.0-10.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-20

 | 48-60 | 2-8 | 1.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20

 | | | | |

719B: | | | | |

 Rondeau---------| 0-20 | 0-10| 140-200 | 5.1-7.8 | ---

 | 20-80 | 5-15|10.0-45.0| 7.4-8.4 | 50-90

 | | | | |

731A: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-6 | 2-4 | 2.0-7.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 6-15 | 4-12| 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 15-21 | 6-15| 4.0-11.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 21-60 | 1-4 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | | | | |

744B: | | | | |

 Debs------------| 0-2 | 8-16|14.0-25.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 2-12 | 3-12| 3.0-10.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 12-32 | 18-30|14.0-23.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 32-60 | 5-12| 4.0-9.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

 Akeley----------| 0-3 | 2-6 | 1.0-8.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 3-49 | 2-6 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 49-56 | 18-35|10.0-20.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 56-80 | 2-18| 1.0-8.0 | 5.1-7.8 | 5-20

 | | | | |

746: | | | | |

 Haslie----------| 0-12 | --- | 140-180 | 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 12-30 | --- | 140-190 | 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 30-80 | 18-35|10.0-45.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-80

 | | | | |

775B: | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15| 4.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 3-13 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 13-25 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 25-80 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-10 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 10-33 | 5-15| 2.0-9.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 33-60 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |

775C: | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15| 4.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 3-13 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 13-25 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 25-80 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-10 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 10-33 | 5-15| 2.0-9.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 33-60 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |
388 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

778B: | | | | |

 Dorset----------| 0-11 | 4-18|10.0-23.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 11-20 | 10-18| 7.0-17.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 20-38 | 5-10| 3.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25

 | 38-80 | 0-5 | 0.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 0-7 | 2-10| 3.0-12.0| 6.1-7.8 | 0-15

 | 7-11 | 0-10| 1.0-6.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15

 | 11-60 | 0-5 | 0.0-3.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |

778C: | | | | |

 Dorset----------| 0-11 | 4-18|10.0-23.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 11-20 | 10-18| 7.0-17.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 20-38 | 5-10| 3.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25

 | 38-80 | 0-5 | 0.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 0-7 | 2-10| 3.0-12.0| 6.1-7.8 | 0-15

 | 7-11 | 0-10| 1.0-6.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15

 | 11-60 | 0-5 | 0.0-3.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |

797: | | | | |

 Mooselake-------| 0-10 | --- | 140-180 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | 10-80 | --- | 140-180 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

 Lupton----------| 0-10 | --- | 100-200 | 4.5-7.8 | ---

 | 10-80 | --- | 100-200 | 4.5-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

799: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-12 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | 12-80 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

 Bowstring-------| 0-38 | 0-5 | 80-190 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-25

 | 38-47 | 1-12|10.0-40.0| 5.6-8.4 | 0-25

 | 47-80 | 0-5 | 80-190 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-25

 | | | | |

820B: | | | | |

 Potatolake------| 0-9 | 10-27| 8.0-32.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-15 | 5-27| 4.0-24.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 15-30 | 18-40|12.0-30.0| 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 30-80 | 2-15| 1.0-10.0| 6.6-8.4 | 5-20

 | | | | |

820C: | | | | |

 Potatolake------| 0-9 | 10-27| 8.0-32.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-15 | 5-27| 4.0-24.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 15-30 | 18-40|12.0-30.0| 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 30-80 | 2-15| 1.0-10.0| 6.6-8.4 | 5-20

 | | | | |

831C: | | | | |

 Akeley----------| 0-3 | 2-6 | 1.0-8.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 3-49 | 2-6 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 49-56 | 18-35|10.0-20.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 56-80 | 2-18| 1.0-8.0 | 5.1-7.8 | 5-20

 | | | | |

 Debs------------| 0-2 | 8-16|14.0-25.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 2-12 | 3-12| 3.0-10.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 12-32 | 18-30|14.0-23.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 32-60 | 5-12| 4.0-9.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 389

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

831E: | | | | |

 Akeley----------| 0-3 | 2-6 | 1.0-8.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 3-49 | 2-6 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 49-56 | 18-35|10.0-20.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 56-80 | 2-18| 1.0-8.0 | 5.1-7.8 | 5-20

 | | | | |

 Debs------------| 0-2 | 8-16|14.0-25.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 2-12 | 3-12| 3.0-10.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 12-32 | 18-30|14.0-23.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 32-60 | 5-12| 4.0-9.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

844B: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-6 | 2-4 | 2.0-7.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 6-15 | 4-12| 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 15-21 | 6-15| 4.0-11.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 21-60 | 1-4 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10| 4.0-12.0| 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-20 | 0-15| 2.0-4.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 20-39 | 0-10| 1.0-5.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 39-80 | 0-10| 0.0-2.0 | 3.5-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |

867B: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10| 4.0-12.0| 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-20 | 0-15| 2.0-4.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 20-39 | 0-10| 1.0-5.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 39-80 | 0-10| 0.0-2.0 | 3.5-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 0-3 | 2-10| 2.0-10.0| 4.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-17 | 0-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 4.5-6.5 | ---

 | 17-80 | 0-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

867C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10| 4.0-12.0| 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-20 | 0-15| 2.0-4.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 20-39 | 0-10| 1.0-5.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 39-80 | 0-10| 0.0-2.0 | 3.5-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 0-3 | 2-10| 2.0-10.0| 4.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-17 | 0-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 4.5-6.5 | ---

 | 17-80 | 0-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

867E: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10| 4.0-12.0| 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-20 | 0-15| 2.0-4.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 20-39 | 0-10| 1.0-5.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 39-80 | 0-10| 0.0-2.0 | 3.5-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 0-3 | 2-10| 2.0-10.0| 4.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-17 | 0-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 4.5-6.5 | ---

 | 17-80 | 0-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

867F: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10| 4.0-12.0| 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-20 | 0-15| 2.0-4.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 20-39 | 0-10| 1.0-5.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 39-80 | 0-10| 0.0-2.0 | 3.5-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |

 Menahga---------| 0-3 | 2-10| 2.0-10.0| 4.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-17 | 0-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 4.5-6.5 | ---

 | 17-80 | 0-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |
390 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

1015: | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| 0-14 | 1-15| 1.0-5.0 | 6.6-7.3 | ---

 | 14-60 | 1-10| 1.0-3.0 | 6.6-7.3 | ---

 | 60-80 | 1-10| 1.0-3.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

1016: | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | |

 | | | | |

1021C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10| 4.0-12.0| 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-20 | 0-15| 2.0-4.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 20-39 | 0-10| 1.0-5.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 39-80 | 0-10| 0.0-2.0 | 3.5-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-6 | 2-4 | 2.0-7.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 6-15 | 4-12| 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 15-21 | 6-15| 4.0-11.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 21-60 | 1-4 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | | | | |

1027: | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | |

 | | | | |

1030: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| 0-14 | 1-15| 1.0-5.0 | 6.6-7.3 | ---

 | 14-60 | 1-10| 1.0-3.0 | 6.6-7.3 | ---

 | 60-80 | 1-10| 1.0-3.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

1111: | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| 0-32 | --- | 110-170 | 4.5-7.8 | ---

 | 32-38 | 8-35|13.0-51.0| 5.6-8.4 | ---

 | 38-60 | 0-4 | 1.0-3.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

1113: | | | | |

 Haslie----------| 0-20 | --- | 140-180 | 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 20-60 | 18-35|10.0-45.0| 7.4-8.4 | 60-80

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-18 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | 18-60 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 0-23 | --- | 150-230 | 4.5-7.8 | ---

 | 23-60 | 10-30| 2.0-20.0| 5.6-8.4 | 5-25

 | | | | |

1126B: | | | | |

 Verndale--------| 0-9 | 7-12| 7.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 7-18| 3.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-49 | 2-6 | 2.0-4.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 49-60 | 0-4 | 0.0-3.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30

 | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 0-8 | 2-12| 3.0-13.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 8-33 | 0-5 | 0.0-5.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 33-60 | 0-5 | 0.0-1.0 | 5.1-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

1127A: | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| 0-3 | 5-15| 4.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 3-7 | 2-10| 1.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 7-13 | 10-18| 5.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 13-47 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 47-80 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 391

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

1127A: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10| 4.0-12.0| 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-20 | 0-15| 2.0-4.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 20-39 | 0-10| 1.0-5.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 39-80 | 0-10| 0.0-2.0 | 3.5-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |

1127B: | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| 0-3 | 5-15| 4.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 3-7 | 2-10| 1.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 7-13 | 10-18| 5.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 13-47 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 47-80 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10| 4.0-12.0| 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-20 | 0-15| 2.0-4.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 20-39 | 0-10| 1.0-5.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 39-80 | 0-10| 0.0-2.0 | 3.5-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |

1136: | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| 0-27 | --- | 110-170 | 4.5-7.8 | ---

 | 27-38 | 8-35|13.0-51.0| 5.6-8.4 | ---

 | 38-80 | 0-4 | 1.0-3.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

1164: | | | | |

 Zerkel----------| 0-4 | 8-20| 7.0-18.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 4-10 | 4-12| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 10-29 | 20-35|10.0-20.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 29-37 | 5-20| 2.0-10.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30

 | 37-80 | 2-18| 1.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20

 | | | | |

1200: | | | | |

 Egglake---------| 0-4 | 8-15| 7.0-17.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 4-9 | 3-10| 2.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-25 | 18-30| 7.0-18.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 25-80 | 10-18| 4.0-11.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-20

 | | | | |

1230: | | | | |

 Haslie----------| 0-44 | --- | 140-180 | 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 44-60 | 18-35|10.0-45.0| 7.4-8.4 | 60-80

 | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| 0-38 | --- | 110-170 | 4.5-7.8 | ---

 | 38-54 | 8-35|13.0-51.0| 5.6-8.4 | ---

 | 54-60 | 0-4 | 1.0-3.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

1238E: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-10 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 10-33 | 5-15| 2.0-9.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 33-60 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15| 4.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 3-13 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 13-25 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 25-80 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1238F: | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-10 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 10-33 | 5-15| 2.0-9.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 33-60 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |
392 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

1238F: | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15| 4.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 3-13 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 13-25 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 25-80 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1244B: | | | | |

 Sol-------------| 0-4 | 4-16| 4.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 4-17 | 2-12| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 17-43 | 18-27| 9.0-14.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 43-80 | 8-18| 2.0-9.0 | 7.4-7.8 | 10-20

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15| 4.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 3-12 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 12-25 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 25-60 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1244C: | | | | |

 Sol-------------| 0-4 | 4-16| 4.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 4-17 | 2-12| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 17-43 | 18-27| 9.0-14.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 43-80 | 8-18| 2.0-9.0 | 7.4-7.8 | 10-20

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15| 4.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 3-12 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 12-25 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 25-60 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1244E: | | | | |

 Sol-------------| 0-4 | 4-16| 4.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 4-17 | 2-12| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 17-43 | 18-27| 9.0-14.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 43-80 | 8-18| 2.0-9.0 | 7.4-7.8 | 10-20

 | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| 0-3 | 5-15| 4.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 3-12 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 12-25 | 10-18| 5.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 25-60 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1247D: | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 0-7 | 2-10| 3.0-12.0| 6.1-7.8 | 0-15

 | 7-11 | 0-10| 1.0-6.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15

 | 11-60 | 0-5 | 0.0-3.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | | |

 Dorset----------| 0-11 | 4-18|10.0-23.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 11-20 | 10-18| 7.0-17.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 20-38 | 5-10| 3.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25

 | 38-80 | 0-5 | 0.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

1248C: | | | | |

 Nymore----------| 0-8 | 2-12| 3.0-13.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 8-33 | 0-5 | 0.0-5.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 33-60 | 0-5 | 0.0-1.0 | 5.1-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

 Verndale--------| 0-9 | 7-12| 7.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 7-18| 3.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-49 | 2-6 | 2.0-4.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 49-60 | 0-4 | 0.0-3.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 393

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

1249C: | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| 0-3 | 0-10| 4.0-12.0| 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 3-20 | 0-15| 2.0-4.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 20-39 | 0-10| 1.0-5.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | 39-80 | 0-10| 0.0-2.0 | 3.5-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| 0-3 | 5-15| 4.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 3-7 | 2-10| 1.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 7-13 | 10-18| 5.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 13-47 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 47-80 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

1271: | | | | |

 Roscommon-------| 0-6 | 0-12| 8.0-40.0| 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 6-80 | 0-10| 1.0-4.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | |

1272B: | | | | |

 Sol-------------| 0-3 | 4-16| 4.0-14.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 3-14 | 2-12| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 14-38 | 18-27| 9.0-14.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 38-60 | 8-18| 2.0-9.0 | 7.4-7.8 | 10-20

 | | | | |

1294: | | | | |

 Nary------------| 0-3 | 4-15| --- | 5.1-6.0 | ---

 | 3-15 | 2-12| --- | 5.1-6.0 | ---

 | 15-36 | 18-27| --- | 5.6-6.5 | ---

 | 36-60 | 5-18| --- | 7.4-7.8 | ---

 | | | | |

1319B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-8 | 5-15| 6.0-20.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 8-16 | 5-10| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-37 | 8-18| 5.0-11.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 37-46 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 46-60 | 7-15| 4.0-9.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1319C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-8 | 5-15| 6.0-20.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 8-16 | 5-10| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-37 | 8-18| 5.0-11.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 37-46 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 46-60 | 7-15| 4.0-9.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1319D: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-8 | 5-15| 6.0-20.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 8-16 | 5-10| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-37 | 8-18| 5.0-11.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 37-46 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 46-60 | 7-15| 4.0-9.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1320B: | | | | |

 Blowers---------| 0-6 | 5-15| 6.0-20.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 6-17 | 5-10| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 17-27 | 8-18| 5.0-11.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 27-40 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | 0-15

 | 40-60 | 7-15| 4.0-9.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1321: | | | | |

 Paddock---------| 0-8 | 8-15| 8.0-20.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 8-15 | 3-10| 3.0-9.0 | 5.6-6.5 | ---

 | 15-40 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 6.6-7.3 | ---

 | 40-60 | 6-15| 3.0-9.0 | 6.6-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |
394 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

1321: | | | | |

 Becida----------| 0-8 | 10-20|11.0-24.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 8-13 | 3-10| 3.0-11.0| 5.6-6.5 | ---

 | 13-27 | 8-18| 9.0-11.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 27-58 | 8-18| 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 58-80 | 6-15| 3.0-9.0 | 6.6-8.4 | ---

 | | | | |

1332B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15| 6.0-16.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 7-16 | 5-12| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-37 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 37-80 | 7-15| 2.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1332C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15| 6.0-16.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 7-16 | 5-12| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-37 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 37-80 | 7-15| 2.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1332E: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15| 6.0-16.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 7-16 | 5-12| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-37 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 37-80 | 7-15| 2.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1334: | | | | |

 Huntersville----| 0-8 | 2-6 | 3.0-9.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 8-38 | 2-6 | 1.0-5.0 | 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 38-65 | 6-35| 3.0-20.0| 6.1-7.3 | ---

 | 65-80 | 6-15| 2.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1336: | | | | |

 Blowers---------| 0-5 | 8-15| 6.0-20.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 5-23 | 5-12| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 23-47 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 47-80 | 7-15| 2.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1421B: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15| 6.0-16.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 7-16 | 5-12| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-37 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 37-80 | 7-15| 2.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-9 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 2-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-80 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | | |

1421C: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15| 6.0-16.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 7-16 | 5-12| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-37 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 37-80 | 7-15| 2.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-9 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 2-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-80 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 395

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

1421E: | | | | |

 Rockwood--------| 0-7 | 8-15| 6.0-16.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 7-16 | 5-12| 4.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 16-37 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 37-80 | 7-15| 2.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| 0-2 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 2-9 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 9-19 | 2-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 19-80 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | | |

1438B: | | | | |

 Braham----------| 0-8 | 2-8 | 2.0-9.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 8-24 | 2-8 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 24-42 | 18-35| 7.0-21.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 42-60 | 18-35| 7.0-21.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-25

 | | | | |

1439: | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 0-12 | --- | 120-170 | 4.5-7.8 | ---

 | 12-43 | --- | 120-170 | 4.5-7.8 | ---

 | 43-80 | 10-30| 5.0-25.0| 6.6-8.4 | 5-25

 | | | | |

1440B: | | | | |

 Redeye----------| 0-5 | 2-6 | 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 5-31 | 2-6 | 2.0-7.0 | 5.6-6.5 | ---

 | 31-43 | 6-18| 4.0-13.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 43-80 | 5-14| 2.0-8.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | | |

1440C: | | | | |

 Redeye----------| 0-5 | 2-6 | 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 5-31 | 2-6 | 2.0-7.0 | 5.6-6.5 | ---

 | 31-43 | 6-18| 4.0-13.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 43-80 | 5-14| 2.0-8.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | | |

1444: | | | | |

 Wurtsmith-------| 0-6 | 3-8 | 2.0-10.0| 4.5-7.3 | ---

 | 6-20 | 0-8 | 0.0-5.0 | 3.5-6.5 | ---

 | 20-80 | 0-5 | 0.0-3.0 | 3.5-7.3 | ---

 | | | | |

1445: | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-26 | --- | 110-170 | 4.5-7.8 | 0-5

 | 26-80 | 0-10| 1.0-3.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | | |

1447: | | | | |

 Beltrami--------| 0-6 | 5-18| 4.0-14.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 6-12 | 5-15| 4.0-14.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 12-39 | 18-35| 9.0-19.0| 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 39-80 | 18-30| 8.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 12-30

 | | | | |

1450B: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-4 | 3-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 4-17 | 4-12| 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 17-24 | 6-15| 4.0-11.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 24-80 | 1-4 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | | | | |

1450C: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-4 | 3-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 4-17 | 4-12| 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 17-24 | 6-15| 4.0-11.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 24-80 | 1-4 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | | | | |
396 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate

 | | |capacity | | ______________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct __ ___ ________ __ ___

 | | | | |

1450E: | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| 0-4 | 3-10| 2.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 4-17 | 4-12| 3.0-9.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 17-24 | 6-15| 4.0-11.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 24-80 | 1-4 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | | | | |

1460B: | | | | |

 Nebish----------| 0-6 | 5-18| 4.0-14.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 6-12 | 5-12| 3.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 12-32 | 22-35|10.0-18.0| 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 32-80 | 18-30| 9.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

1460C: | | | | |

 Nebish----------| 0-5 | 5-18| 4.0-14.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 5-14 | 5-12| 3.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 14-39 | 22-35|10.0-18.0| 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 39-80 | 18-30| 9.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15

 | | | | |

1943: | | | | |

 Roscommon-------| 0-6 | 2-12| 9.0-23.0| 5.6-7.8 | ---

 | 6-60 | 0-10| 1.0-4.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | |

1956: | | | | |

 Staples---------| 0-7 | 2-6 | 5.0-20.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 7-36 | 2-6 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 36-44 | 8-35| 3.0-20.0| 5.1-7.3 | ---

 | 44-60 | 6-15| 2.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | | | | |

1968: | | | | |

 Evart-----------| 0-11 | 8-20| 5.0-20.0| 6.1-7.8 | ---

 | 11-60 | 0-15| 1.0-3.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | |

1969: | | | | |

 Evart-----------| 0-11 | 8-20| 5.0-20.0| 6.1-7.8 | ---

 | 11-60 | 0-15| 1.0-3.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | |

 Isan------------| 0-13 | 2-8 |10.0-25.0| 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | 13-30 | 2-8 | 2.0-10.0| 5.1-6.5 | ---

 | 30-60 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-7.3 | ---

 | | | | | ______________________________________________________________
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 397

Water Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not

 a concern or that data were not estimated)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

82B, 82C: | | | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

133B, 133C: | | | | | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Nov-May | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

139B: | | | | | | | | |

 Huntersville----| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Perched----| Nov-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

147: | | | | | | | | |

 Spooner---------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

158B, 158C: | | | | | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

167A: | | | | | | | | |

 Baudette--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

170: | | | | | | | | |

 Blomford--------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

202: | | | | | | | | |

 Meehan----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 1.0-2.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

207B, 207C, 207D:| | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

260: | | | | | | | | |

 Duelm-----------| A |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

261: | | | | | | | | |

 Isan------------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Aug |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

267B: | | | | | | | | |

 Snellman--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

346: | | | | | | | | |

 Talmoon---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

406A: | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

488: | | | | | | | | |

 Becida----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Perched----| Oct-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

526C, 526E: | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Very long | 3.0

 | | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

541: | | | | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |
398 Soil Survey of

 Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

545: | | | | | | | | |

 Rondeau---------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

567A: | | | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

574G: | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

628: | | | | | | | | |

 Talmoon---------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

672: | | | | | | | | |

 Willosippi------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

675C, 675E, 675G:| | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

701: | | | | | | | | |

 Runeberg--------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

709B, 709C: | | | | | | | | |

 Lengby----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

719B: | | | | | | | | |

 Rondeau---------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-2.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

731A: | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

744B: | | | | | | | | |

 Debs------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

746: | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jul |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

775B, 775C: | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

778B, 778C: | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

797: | | | | | | | | |

 Mooselake-------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Sep-May | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

799: | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| A/D |Frequent---|Long------| Nov-May | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Bowstring-------| A/D |Frequent---|Long------| Mar-Jun | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 399

 Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

820B, 820C: | | | | | | | | |

 Potatolake------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.0-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

831C, 831E: | | | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Debs------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

844B: | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

867B, 867C, 867E,| | | | | | | | |

 867F: | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm-------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Menahga--------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1015: | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1016: | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1021C: | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1027: | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1111: | | | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| A/D |Frequent---|Long------| Mar-Nov | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1113: | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Very long | 3.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Very long | 3.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Very long | 3.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1126B: | | | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1127A, 1127B: | | | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1136: | | | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1164: | | | | | | | | |

 Zerkel----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
400 Soil Survey of

 Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

1200: | | | | | | | | |

 Egglake---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1230: | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Very long | 3.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Very long | 3.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1238E, 1238F: | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1244B, 1244C, | | | | | | | | |

 1244E: | | | | | | | | |

 Sol------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1247D: | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1248C: | | | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1249C: | | | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1271: | | | | | | | | |

 Roscommon-------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Sep-Jun |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1272B: | | | | | | | | |

 Sol-------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1294: | | | | | | | | |

 Nary------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1319B, 1319C, | | | | | | | | |

 1319D: | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood-------| C |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1320B: | | | | | | | | |

 Blowers---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Perched----| Oct-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1321: | | | | | | | | |

 Paddock---------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 1.0-2.5 |Perched----| Nov-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Becida----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Perched----| Oct-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1332B, 1332C, | | | | | | | | |

 1332E: | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood-------| C |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1334: | | | | | | | | |

 Huntersville----| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Perched----| Nov-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 401

 Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

1336: | | | | | | | | |

 Blowers---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Perched----| Oct-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1421B, 1421C, | | | | | | | | |

 1421E: | | | | | | | | |

 Rockwood-------| C |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets-----| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1438B: | | | | | | | | |

 Braham----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 |Apparent---| Apr-May | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1439: | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1440B, 1440C: | | | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1444: | | | | | | | | |

 Wurtsmith-------| A |None-------| --- | --- | 2.0-3.5 |Apparent---| Nov-May | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1445: | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun |Very long | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1447: | | | | | | | | |

 Beltrami--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-2.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1450B, 1450C, | | | | | | | | |

 1450E: | | | | | | | | |

 Sanburn--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1460B: | | | | | | | | |

 Nebish----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 3.5-6.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1460C: | | | | | | | | |

 Nebish----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1943: | | | | | | | | |

 Roscommon-------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Sep-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1956: | | | | | | | | |

 Staples---------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Perched----| Nov-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1968: | | | | | | | | |

 Evart-----------| D |Occasional |Long------| Nov-Jun | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1969: | | | | | | | | |

 Evart-----------| D |Frequent---|Long------| Nov-Jun | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Isan------------| A/D |Frequent---|Long------| Nov-Jun | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
402 Soil Survey of

Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that

 the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated)

_________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _________________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

82B, 82C: | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

133B, 133C: | | | | | | |

 Dalbo-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

139B: | | | | | | |

 Huntersville----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

147: | | | | | | |

 Spooner---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

158B, 158C: | | | | | | |

 Zimmerman-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|High.

 | | | | | | |

167A: | | | | | | |

 Baudette--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

170: | | | | | | |

 Blomford--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

202: | | | | | | |

 Meehan----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

207B, 207C, 207D:| | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

260: | | | | | | |

 Duelm-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

261: | | | | | | |

 Isan------------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

267B: | | | | | | |

 Snellman--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

346: | | | | | | |

 Talmoon---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

406A: | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

488: | | | | | | |

 Becida----------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

526C, 526E: | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| >60 | --- | --- | 50-55 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

541: | | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 403

 Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _________________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

545: | | | | | | |

 Rondeau---------| >60 | --- | --- | 35 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

567A: | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

574G: | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

628: | | | | | | |

 Talmoon---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

672: | | | | | | |

 Willosippi------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

675C, 675E, 675G:| | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Eagleview-------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Steamboat-------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

701: | | | | | | |

 Runeberg--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

709B, 709C: | | | | | | |

 Lengby----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

719B: | | | | | | |

 Rondeau---------| >60 | --- | --- | 35 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

731A: | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

744B: | | | | | | |

 Debs------------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

746: | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

775B, 775C: | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

778B, 778C: | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

797: | | | | | | |

 Mooselake-------| >60 | --- | 0-12 | 6-12 |High--------|High--------|High.

 | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------| >60 | --- | 6-18 | 50-55 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

799: | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| >60 | --- | --- | 50-55 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Bowstring-------| >60 | --- | --- | 20-30 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |
404 Soil Survey of

 Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _________________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

820B, 820C: | | | | | | |

 Potatolake------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

831C, 831E: | | | | | | |

 Akeley----------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Debs------------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

844B: | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

867B, 867C, 867E,| | | | | | |

 867F: | | | | | | |

 Graycalm-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Menahga--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1015: | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1016: | | | | | | |

 Udorthents------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1021C: | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Sanburn---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1027: | | | | | | |

 Udorthents. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1111: | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| >60 | --- | --- | 25-30 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1113: | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| >60 | --- | --- | 30-45 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1126B: | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1127A, 1127B: | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1136: | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| >60 | --- | --- | 25-30 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1164: | | | | | | |

 Zerkel----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 405

 Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _________________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

1200: | | | | | | |

 Egglake---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1230: | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| >60 | --- | --- | 30-45 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Nidaros---------| >60 | --- | --- | 25-30 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1238E, 1238F: | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1244B, 1244C, | | | | | | |

 1244E: | | | | | | |

 Sol------------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|High.

 | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1247D: | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Dorset----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1248C: | | | | | | |

 Nymore----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Verndale--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1249C: | | | | | | |

 Graycalm--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Bootlake--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1271: | | | | | | |

 Roscommon-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1272B: | | | | | | |

 Sol-------------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|High.

 | | | | | | |

1294: | | | | | | |

 Nary------------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1319B, 1319C, | | | | | | |

 1319D: | | | | | | |

 Rockwood-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1320B: | | | | | | |

 Blowers---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1321: | | | | | | |

 Paddock---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Becida----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1332B, 1332C, | | | | | | |

 1332E: | | | | | | |

 Rockwood-------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1334: | | | | | | |

 Huntersville----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |
406

 Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _________________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

1336: | | | | | | |

 Blowers---------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1421B, 1421C, | | | | | | |

 1421E: | | | | | | |

 Rockwood-------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Two Inlets-----| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1438B: | | | | | | |

 Braham----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1439: | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| >80 | --- | --- | 19-22 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1440B, 1440C: | | | | | | |

 Redeye----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1444: | | | | | | |

 Wurtsmith-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1445: | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| >60 | --- | --- | 25-30 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1447: | | | | | | |

 Beltrami--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1450B, 1450C, | | | | | | |

 1450E: | | | | | | |

 Sanburn--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1460B, 1460C: | | | | | | |

 Nebish----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1943: | | | | | | |

 Roscommon-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1956: | | | | | | |

 Staples---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1968: | | | | | | |

 Evart-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1969: | | | | | | |

 Evart-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Isan------------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________
407

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1998.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 19th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1998. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.

Hobbs, Howard C., and Joseph E. Goebel. 1982. Geologic map of Minnesota

Quaternary geology. Minnesota Geological Survey, University of Minnesota. Wall map.

Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

Marshner, Francis J. 1974. The original vegetation of Minnesota. North-Central Forest

Experiment Station. Wall map.

McMiller, P.R., and others. 1935. Soil survey of Hubbard County, Minnesota. U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, in cooperation with the

University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.

Norton, Arthur R. Quaternary geology of the Itasca-St. Croix Moraine interlobate area,

north-central Minnesota. (Unpublished M.S. thesis, University of Minnesota, 1982)

Sackreiter, Donald Keith. Quaternary geology of the southern part of the Grand Forks

and Bemidji Quadrangles. (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Dakota,

Grand Forks, 1975)

United States Department of Agriculture. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation

Service, Soil Survey Division Staff. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil

classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources

Conservation Service, Soil Survey Staff. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

Wright, H.E., Jr. 1962. Role of the Wadena Lobe in the Wisconsin glaciation of

Minnesota. Geological Society of America Bulletin 73: 73-100.

Wright, H.E., Jr. 1972. Quaternary history of Minnesota. In Geology of Minnesota: A

Centennial Volume. Minnesota Geological Survey.

References
409

Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during

the final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of

crudely sorted sand and gravel are common.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate .......................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high .............................................. more than 12

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In

profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a

convex shoulder above and a concave footslope

below.

Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the

ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where

the configuration and relief of the landforms are

determined or strongly influenced by the

underlying bedrock.

Bench terrace. A raised, level or nearly level strip of

earth constructed on or nearly on a contour,

supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material,

and designed to make the soil suitable for tillage

and to prevent accelerated erosion.

Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of

which consists of an illuvial horizon and the

overlying eluvial horizons.

Blowout. A shallow depression from which all or most

of the soil material has been removed by the wind.

A blowout has a flat or irregular floor formed by a

resistant layer or by an accumulation of pebbles or

cobbles. In some blowouts the water table is

exposed.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or

biological methods to make conditions favorable

for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition

from woody vegetation and thus allow understory

grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management

increases forage production and thus reduces the

Glossary
410 Soil Survey of

hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for

some species of wildlife.

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Catsteps. Very small, irregular terraces on steep

hillsides, especially in pasture, formed by the

trampling of cattle or the slippage of saturated soil.

Channery soil material. Soil material that has, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material

has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and

extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60

percent.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 411

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the

living branches and their foliage.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is

nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near

the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a

body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or

lake.

Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer

that has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams

per cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the

ease of digging and can affect filling and

compacting.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Disintegration moraine. A drift topography

characterized by chaotic mounds and pits,

generally randomly oriented, developed in

supraglacial drift by collapse and flow as the

underlying stagnant ice melted. Slopes may be

steep and unstable. Abrupt changes between

materials of differing lithology are common.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Drumlin. A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or

ridge of compact glacial till. The longer axis is

parallel to the path of the glacier and commonly

has a blunt nose pointing in the direction from

which the ice approached.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface to

underlying pure humus.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It

receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.
412 Soil Survey of

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Esker. A narrow, winding ridge of stratified gravelly

and sandy drift deposited by a stream flowing in a

tunnel beneath a glacier.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of

active deposition, incised by younger and lower

alluvial surfaces.

Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water

into the soil.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. An area cleared of flammable material to

stop or help control creeping or running fires. It

also serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flaggy soil material. Material that has, by volume, 15

to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material

has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely

flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent

flagstones.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone,

slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to

38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river

action, as a fluvial plain.

Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently

inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In

profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in

porosity and content of organic matter and low or

moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand.

A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots.

When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher

bulk density than the horizon or horizons above.

When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under

pressure rather than to deform slowly.

Frost action (in tables). Freezing and thawing of soil

moisture. Frost action can damage roads,

buildings and other structures, and plant roots.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 413

Glacial outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly

stratified, deposited by glacial meltwater.

Glacial till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift

consisting of clay, silt, sand, and boulders

transported and deposited by glacial ice.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Graded stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

grade toward a protected waterway.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 3 or

more. Typical color in areas of iron concentrations.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the
414 Soil Survey of

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the

time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:

Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level

plains surrounded by levees or dikes.

Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a

strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled

by small earth ridges called border dikes, or

borders.

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at

intervals from closely spaced field ditches and

distributed uniformly over the field.

Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely

spaced furrows or ditches in fields of closegrowing crops or in orchards so that it flows in only

one direction.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil through such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made

by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for

tree and row crops.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil surface

through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or

tile lines until the water table is raised enough to

wet the soil.

Wild flooding.—Water, released at high points, is

allowed to flow onto an area without controlled

distribution.

Kame. An irregular, short ridge or hill of stratified

glacial drift.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 415

Karst (topography). The relief of an area underlain by

limestone that dissolves in differing degrees, thus

forming numerous depressions or small basins.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Lamella. A thin (commonly less than 1 cm thick),

discontinuous or continuous, generally horizontal

layer of fine material (especially clay and iron

oxides) pedogenically concentrated (illuviated)

within a coarser textured (sandy) eluvial layer.

Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass of

soil and loose rock, generally when wet or

saturated. The speed and distance of movement,

as well as the amount of soil and rock material,

vary greatly.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 2 or

less. Typical color in areas of iron depletions.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

MAP. Mean annual precipitation, expressed in inches.

Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting

chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in

approximately equal amounts.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, medial, and ground.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15

millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,

more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of

silt and clay in approximately equal amounts.

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is

a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma

of 4.

Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that

contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an
416 Soil Survey of

adverse effect on the physical condition of the

subsoil.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedisediment. A thin layer of alluvial material that

mantles an erosion surface and has been

transported to its present position from higher

lying areas of the erosion surface.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil adversely affects the specified

use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Extremely slow ................................. 0.0 to 0.01 inch

Very slow ........................................ 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant

community.
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 417

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil

is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saprolite. Unconsolidated residual material

underlying the soil and grading to hard bedrock

below.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Scarification. The act of abrading, scratching,
418 Soil Survey of

loosening, crushing, or modifying the surface to

increase water absorption or to provide a more

tillable soil.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a

transition from backslope to summit. The surface

is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in

origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside.

The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Sloughed till. Water-saturated till that has flowed

slowly downhill from its original place of deposit by

glacial ice. It may rest on other till, on glacial

outwash, or on a glaciolacustrine deposit.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and

other equipment commonly used in construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stone line. A concentration of coarse fragments in a

soil. Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered

surface. In a cross section, the line may be one
Hubbard County, Minnesota—Part II 419

fragment or more thick. It generally overlies

material that weathered in place and is overlain by

recent sediment of variable thickness.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only

slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift that

generally marks the termination of important

glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating soils underlain by glacial till.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in

profile are commonly gentle and linear and are

constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a

hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closeddepression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of

laminae deposited in a body of still water within a

year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional

areas that are excavated at an angle across a
420

sloping road. They are used to reduce the

downward velocity of water and divert it off and

away from the road surface. Water bars can easily

be driven over if constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.