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**GENERATION AND MIGRATION OF PETROLEUM IN IRAQ:****A 21/2D AND 3D MODELING STUDY OF JURASSIC SOURCE ROCKS**Compiled PowerPoint* Slides

*by* Pitman, Janet K.1, Steinshouer,Douglas W.2, and Lewan, Michael D.1   

**Open-File Report 03-192****2003**

ClickHere to view PowerPoint Slide Presentation***Note:****Some diagrams that appeared in the original presentation have been updated in this report.*

Click Here to view or download the 508 Accessible PDF version of this report, (OF03-192.pdf, 1.1MB), including   the PowerPoint presentation, that meets accessibility standards defined by Section 508,   The file requires Adobe Acrobat Reader (version 5.0 or later),or similar software.  If you do not already have Acrobat Reader version5.0 or later, you may downloadthe latest version here.  

*This report is preliminary and has not been reviewedfor conformity with the U.S. Geological Survey editorial**standards or with the North American StratigraphicCode. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only**and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.*

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*Use of brand names does not constitute endorsementby the U.S. Geological Survey***Preface**     The Powerpoint presentation in this report was given at the American Associationof Petroleum Geologists International meeting in Cairo, Egypt, November, 2002.  Somediagrams that appeared in the original presentation have been updated in thisreport. ItpresentsresultsofabasinmodelingstudyoftheJurassicPetroleumSysteminIraq.  Basin modeling provides a strategy for optimizing exploration infrontier areas and evaluating new plays within well-explored basins.  A1D, 21/2D, and 3D modeling study of the Jurassic petroleum system in Iraq wasundertaken as part of the USGS World Energy Petroleum Resource Assessment Projectin order to evaluate source-rock maturity, controls on reservoir filling, andthe petroleum generation and migration history.  Model simulations weregenerated using Integrated Exploration System's (IES) multiphase-flow (Petromod)software, a program designed to simulate multiphase fluid-flow in one, two, andthree dimensions.  Multi-1D simulations were performed to assess the thermalevolution of the region and, in turn, maturation of the source rocks.  Potentialhyrocarbon migration pathways and timing of reservoir filling were evaluatedbased on 21/2 D (ray-tracing) simulations.  3D modeling was undertaken tovisualize the distribution of reservoir accumulations and directions of hydrocarbonflow since fluid migration and reservoir filling are three-dimensional processes. 
      Jurassic marine shales and carbonatesare the major sources of hydrocarbons produced in the Zagros basin andfold belt.  A few studies have been published on the stratigraphy and sedimentology of these source rocks, but information on their burial and temperature histories and regional thermal maturation patterns are generally lacking.  The timing and extent of oil generation and secondary migration also have not been adequately addressed.  The present study (1) examines source rock maturities using Type II-S kerogen kinetics to describe the kerogen-to-oil transformation process, (2) evaluates the timing of reservoir filling in oil fields, and (3) simulates hydrocarbon migration pathways based on the structural evolution of the basin.  A better understanding of the timing and extent of oil generation, formation of traps and seals, and potential migration pathways permits simple risk assessments of areas that have potential (undiscovered) hydrocarbon resources.  |
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1U.S. Geological Survey,Denver, CO 802252 GeoLukas, Denver,CO 80203

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