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**Fish Disease Leaflet 81**
Selected Bibliography on Diseases and Parasites of Fishes:   Books, Proceedings, and Reviews, 1978-1989.
Joyce A. Mann
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Research Center-Leetown, National Fish Health Research Laboratory,Kearneysville, West Virginia,  25430
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Fish and Wildlife Service.  1989- **Introduction**  **General Works****Bacterial Diseases**
- **Drugs**  **Environmental Diseases****Fungal Diseases**
- **Histology**  **Immunology****Nutritional Diseases**
- **Parasistes**  **Viral Diseases**Introduction
This bibliography was prepared to assist students of fish health,fishery biologists, librarians, and others in selecting readingmaterials or developing library collections on the diseases andparasites of fishes. A continuation of *Fish Disease Leaflet 53*"Diseases and parasites of fish: an annotated bibliography of booksand symposia, 1904-1977," it includes English language books,proceedings, and review articles published from 1978 to 1989. Itincludes references that are readily available by purchase or throughinterlibrary loan.

The references are arranged alphabetically by author surname andthen by year within the following major subject classifications: generalworks, bacterial diseases, histology, drugs, environmental diseases,fungal diseases, immunology, nutritional diseases, parasites, and viraldiseases.

I thank D. Anderson, R. Herman, and S. Hughes for reviewing themanuscript; G. Hoffman for providing valuable assistance; and V. Catrowand L. McKenzie for helping me obtain and verify references.
**General Works**
Ahne, W., editor. 1980. Fish diseases. Third COPRAQ session.Proceedings of the third session on Cooperative Programme of Research onAquaculture, Munich, Germany, 2326 October 1979. SpringerVerlag, Berlin,Federal Republic of Germany. 252pp.

Amos, K. H., editor. 1985. Procedures for the detection andidentification of certain fish pathogens. 3rd ed. Fish Health Section,American Fisheries Society, Corvallis, Oreg. 114 pp.

Boustead, N. C. 1982. Fish diseases recorded in New Zealand,with a discussion on potential sources and certification procedures.Fish. Res. Div. Occas. Publ. (N. Z.) 34. 19pp.

Brown, E. E., and J. B. Gratzek. 1980. Common fish diseases andtheir control. Pages 237-337 *in* E. E. Brown and J. B. Gratzek.Fish farming handbook. AVI Publishing Co., Westport, Conn.

Crosa, J. H., editor. 1983. Bacterial and viral diseases offish: molecular studies. University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. SeaGrant Publ. WSGWO831. 86 pp.

Dethlefsen, V. 1984. Diseases in North Sea fishes. Helgol.Meeresunters. 37:353374.

Dupree, H. K. 1981. An overview of the various techniques tocontrol infectious diseases in water supplies and in water reuseaquacultural systems. Pages 8389 *in* L. J. Allen and E. C.Kinney, eds. Proceedings of the bioengineering symposium for fishculture, Traverse City, Mich., 1618 October 1979. Fish Culture Sectionof the American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Md.

Egidius, E. 1984. Diseases of salmonids in aquaculture. Helgol.Meeresunters. 37:547569.

Egusa, S., editor. 1981. Proceedings of an international seminaron fish diseases, Tokyo, Japan, 89 November 1980. Fish Pathol.15:129325.

Egusa, S. 1983. Disease problems in Japanese yellowtail, *Seriolaquinqueradiata* culture: a review. Rapp. P.V. Reun. Cons. Int.Explor. Mer 182:1018.

Egusa, S., editor. 1985. Proceedings of an international seminaron fish pathology, Tokyo, Japan, 810 September 1984. Fish Pathol.20:85443.

Ellis, A. E., editor. 1985. Fish and shellfish pathology.Academic Press, Orlando, Fla. 412 pp.

Ford, D. M., editor. 1981. The diseases of ornamental fishes.Waltham Symposium 3. J. Small Anim. Pract. 22:311414.

Fryer, J. L., J. S. Rohovec, E. F. Pulford, R. E. Olson, D. P.Ransom, J. R. Winton, C. N. Lannan, R. P. Hedrick, and W. J. Groberg.1979. Proceedings from a conference on disease inspection andcertification of fish and fish eggs. Oregon State University, Corvallis,Sea Grant Commun. ORESUW79001. 40 pp.

Grischkowsky, R. S.,editor. 1981. Fish. Pages 335-479 *in*R. A. Dieterich, ed. Alaskan wildlife diseases. Institute of ArcticBiology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

Hargis, W. J., editor. 1985. Parasitology and pathology ofmarine organisms of the world ocean. U.S. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., NOAATech. Rep. NMFS 25. 135 pp.

Hayes, J., editor. 1984. Keeping fish healthy. Part VI. Pages309370 *in* J. Hayes, ed. 1984 Yearbook of agriculture: animalhealth; livestock and pets. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,DC.

Hoskins, G. E., C. J. West, and A. E. Kling. 1983. Computermanagement of fish health problems in hatcheries. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish.Aquat. Sci. 68. 42 pp.

Huet, M., and J. A. Timmermans. 1986. Enemies and diseases offish. Chapter 15, Section II. Fish diseases. Pages 367386 *in* M.Huet and J. A. Timmermans, eds. Textbook of fish culture: breeding andcultivation of fish. 2nd ed. Fishing News Books Ltd., Farnham, Surrey,England.

Kabata, Z. 1985. Parasites and diseases of fish cultured in thetropics. Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, Pa. 318 pp.

Kimble, C. E. 1985. Aquaculture: public health, regulatory, andmanagement aspects. Zarcon Press, Silver Spring, Md. 185 pp.

Kinne, O., editor. 1984. Diseases of marine animals. Volume 4,Part 1. Introduction, Pisces. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Hamburg,Federal Republic of Germany. 541 pp.

Kinne, O., and H. P. Bulnheim, editors. 1984. Diseases of marineorganisms. International Helgoland Symposium 1983. Helgol. Meeresunters.37:1-663.

Klontz, G. W. 1982. Bacterial kidney disease in salmonids: anoverview. Pages 177199 *in* D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, and P.Dubourget, eds. Antigens of fish pathogens; development and productionfor vaccines and serodiagnostics. Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux.Association Corporative dès Étudiants en Medécinede Lyon, Lyon, France.

Kou, G.H., J. L. Fryer, and M. L. Landolt. 1981. Proceedings ofRepublic of ChinaUnited States cooperative science seminar on fishdiseases, University of Washington, Seattle, 2326 July 1979. NSCSymposium Series 3. National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan. 128 pp.

Lee, J. S. 1981. Controlling diseases of catfish. Pages 137164*in* J. S. Lee, ed. Commercial catfish farming. 2nd ed. InterstatePrinters and Publishers, Danville, Ill.

Liewes, E. W. 1984. Culture, feeding, and diseases of commercialflatfish species. A. A. Balkema, Boston, Mass. 104 pp

McAllister, K. W., J. A. Mann, and L. C. McKenzie. 1987.Annotated bibliography of the diseases and parasites of striped bass.U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 76. 16 pp.

McVicar, A. H., and R. H. Richards. 1981. Fish disease: itsprevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Pages 279301 *in* A. D.Hawkins, ed. Aquarium systems. Academic Press, New York.

Mann, J. A. 1978. Diseases and parasites of fishes: an annotatedbibliography of books and symposia, 190l-1977. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.,Fish Dis. Leafl. 53. 28 pp.

Meyer, F. P., J. W. Warren, and T. G. Carey, editors. 1983. Aguide to integrated fish health management in the Great Lakes Basin.Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, Mich., Spec. Publ. 832. 262pp.

Mitchell, A. J. 1984. Parasites and diseases of striped bass.Pages 177204 *in* J. P. McCraren, ed. Aquaculture of striped bass;a proceedings. Maryland Sea Grant Program, University of Maryland,College Park, UMSGMAP8401.

Mitchell, A. J., and G. L. Hoffman. 1985. Submitting samples forfish disease diagnosis. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish FarmingExperimental Station, Stuttgart, Ark. 15 pp.

Möller, H. 1979. Geographical distribution of fish diseasesin the NE Atlantic. Meeresforschung 27:217235.

Möller, H. 1981. Field guide to the diagnosis of fishdiseases and important fish parasites in North Sea and Baltic Sea.

Report 86. Institut für Meereskunde an der UniversitätKiel, Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany. 65 pp.

Möller, H., and K. Anders. 1986. Diseases and parasites ofmarine fishes. Möller, Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany. 365 pp.

Moore, B. R., A. J. Mitchell, B. R. Griffin, and G. L. Hoffman.1984. Parasites and diseases of pond fishes. Pages 177205 *in* H.K. Dupree and J. V. Huner, eds. Third report to the fish farmers. Thestatus of warmwater fish farming and progress in fish farming research.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.

Munro, A. L. S., A. H. McVicar, and R. Jones. 1983. Theepidemiology of infectious disease in commercially important wild marinefish. Rapp. P.V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 182:2132.

National Agency of Environmental Protection, Royal Veterinaryand Agricultural University, and Danish Institute for Fisheries andMarine Research, Denmark. 1982. Field investigations of fish diseases.Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathologists 2 (suppl. 1):110.

Nie, D.S., and J.P. Pan. 1985. Diseases of grass carp (*Ctenopharyngodonidellus* Valenciennes, 1844) in China, a review from 1953 to 1983.Fish Pathology 20:323330.

Novotny, A. J., M. M. Sigel, and S. Waterman, editors. 1978.Health, disease, and disease prevention in cultured aquatic animals; aproceedings. U.S. Natl. Mar. Fish Serv. Mar. Fish. Rev. 40(3): 171.

Olah, J., editor. 1984. Fish, pathogens, and environment inEuropean polyculture. Symp. Biol. Hung. 23. 265 pp.

Oswald, E., and J. H. Hulse, editors.1983. Fish quarantine andfish diseases in Southeast Asia. Report of a workshop held in Jakarta,Indonesia, 710 December 1982. International Development Research Center,Ottawa, Canada. 79 pp.

Overstreet, R. M. 1978. Marine maladies? Worms, germs, and othersymbionts from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Miss.Ala. Sea GrantConsortium, MASGP78021. 140 pp.

Paperna, I. 1980. Parasites, infections, and disease of fish inAfrica. CIFA (Comm. Inland Fish. Afr.) Tech. Pap. 7. 216 pp.

Paperna, I. 1983. Review of diseases of cultured warmwatermarine fish. Rapp. P.V. Reun. Con. Int. Explor. Mer 182:4448.

Paperna, I., and R. M. Overstreet. 1981. Parasites and diseasesof mullets (Mugilidae). Pages 411493 *in* O. H. Oren, ed.Aquaculture of grey mullets. Cambridge University Press, London,England.

Piper, R. G., I. B. McElwain, L. E. Orme, J. P. McCraren, L. G.Fowler, and J. R. Leonard. 1982. Fish health management. Pages 263347*in* R. G. Piper, et al. Fish hatchery management. U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, Washington, DC. (Available from American FisheriesSociety, Bethesda, Md.)

Plumb, J. A., editor. 1985. Principal diseases of farm raisedcatfish. South. Coop. Ser. Bull. 225. 76 pp.

Plumb, J. A., and P. R. Bowser. 1983. Microbial fish diseaselaboratory manual. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, AuburnUniversity, Auburn. 95 pp.

Post, G. 1983. Textbook of fish health. T. F. H. Publications,Neptune, N.J. 256 pp.

Rickards, W. L., editor. 1978. A diagnostic manual of eeldiseases occurring under culture conditions in Japan. North CarolinaState University, Raleigh, Sea Grant Publ. UNCSG7806. 89 pp.

Roberts, R. J., editor. 1978. Fish pathology. Bailliere Tindall,London, England. 318 pp.

Roberts, R. J., editor. 1982. Microbial diseases of fish. Spec.Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9. 305 pp.

Roberts, R. J., and C. Summerville. 1982. Diseases of tilapia.Pages 247263 *in* R. S. V. Pullin and R. H. Lowe-McConnel. Thebiology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7.

Sano, T., and H. Fukuda. 1987. Principal microbial diseases ofmariculture in Japan. Aquaculture 67:5969.

Shotts, E. B., Jr., and J. B. Gratzek. 1984. Bacteria,parasites, and viruses of aquarium fish and their shipping waters. Pages215232 *in* W. R. Courtenay, Jr., and J. R. Stauffer, Jr., eds.Distribution, biology, and management of exotic fishes. Johns HopkinsUniversity Press, Baltimore, Md.

Sindermann, C. J. 1984. Disease in marine aquaculture. Helgol.Meeresunters. 37:505532.

Sindermann, C. J., J. J. Ziskowski, and V. T. Anderson, Jr.1978. A guide for the recognition of some disease conditions andabnormalities in marine fish. U.S. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., NMFSNFCTSR14.60 pp.

Stewart, J. E., editor. 1983. Diseases of commercially importantmarine fish and shellfish; a special meeting held in Copenhagen, 13October 1980. Rapp. P.V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 182:1150.

Van Banning, P., editor. 1987. Second international colloquiumon pathology in marine aquaculture (PAMAQ II), University of Oporto,Portugal, 711 September 1986. Aquaculture 67:1272.

Warren, J. W. 1982. Diseases of hatchery fish. U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, Twin Cities, Minn. 91 pp.

Wood, J. W. 1979. Diseases of Pacific salmon, their preventionand treatment. Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia.

82 pp.
**Bacterial Diseases**
Amend, D. F. 1982. Columnaris (*Flexibacter columnaris*)disease of freshwater fishes and a brief review of other flexibacterialdiseases of fish. Pages 139149 *in* D. P Anderson, M. Dorson, andP. Dubourget, eds. Antigens o fish pathogens; development and productionfor vaccine and serodiagnostics. Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux.Association Corporative dès Étudiants en Médecinede Lyon, Lyon, France.

Amend, D. F., and K. A. Johnson. 1981. Current status and futureneeds of *Vibrio**anguillarum* bacterins. Dev. Biol. Stand.49:403-417.

Austin, B., and D. A. Austin. 1987. Bacterial fish pathogens:disease in farmed and wild fish. Halsted Press, New York. 364 pp.

Becker, C. D., and M. P. Fujihara. 1978. The bacteria pathogen*Flexibacter**columnaris* and its epizootiology amongColumbia River fish: a review and synthesis. Am Fish. Soc., Monogr. 2.92 pp.

Bullock, G. L. 1978. Pasteurellosis of fishes. U.S. Fish WildlServ., Fish Dis. Leafl. 54. 7 pp.

Bullock, G. L. 1981. Streptococcal infections of fishes. U.SFish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 63. 7 pp.

Bullock, G. L. 1984. Enteric redmouth disease of salmonids U.S.Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 67. 14 pp.

Bullock, G. L. 1987. Vibriosis in fish. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.Fish Dis. Leafl. 77. 11 pp.

Bullock, G. L., R. C. Cipriano, and S. F. Snieszko. 1983.Furunculosis and other diseases caused by *Aeromonas**salmonicida*.U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 66. 29 pp.

Bullock, G. L., and R. L. Herman. 1985. *Edwardsiella*infections of fishes. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 71.

6 pp.

Bullock, G. L., and R. L. Herman. 1988. Bacterial kidney diseaseof salmonid fishes caused by *Renibacterium**salmoninarum*.U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 78. 10 pp.

Bullock, G. L., T. C. Hsu, and E. B. Shotts, Jr. 1986.Columnaris disease of fishes. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl.72. 9 pp.

Bullock, G. L., and K. Wolf. 1986. Infectious diseases ofcultured fishes: current perspectives. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., FishWildl. Leafl. 5. 13 pp.

Busch, R. A. 1981. The current status of diagnostic serology forthe major bacterial diseases of fishes. Dev. Biol. Stand. 49:8596.

Busch, R. A. 1982. Enteric redmouth disease (*Yersinia**ruckeri*). Pages 201222 *in* D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, andP. Dubourget, eds. Antigens of fish pathogens; development andproduction for vaccines and serodiagnostics. Collection Fondation MarcelMerieux. Association Corporative dès Étudiants en Médecinede Lyon, Lyon, France.

Cipriano, R. C., G. L. Bullock, and S. W. Pyle. 1984. *Aeromonas**hydrophila* and motile aeromonad septicemias of fish. U.S. FishWildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 68. 23 pp.

Colwell, R. R., and D. J. Grimes. 1984. Vibrio diseases ofmarine fish populations. Helgol. Meeresunters. 37:265287.

Egidius, E. 1987. Vibriosis: pathogenicity and pathology; areview. Aquaculture 67:1528.

Fryer, J. L., and J. S. Rohovec. 1984. Principal bacterialdiseases of cultured marine fish. Helgol. Meeresunters. 37:533545.

Fryer, J. L., and J. E. Sanders. 1981. Bacterial kidney diseaseof salmonid fish. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 33:273298.

Herman, R. L., and K. Wolf. 1987. Epitheliocystis infection offishes. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 75. 4 pp.

Horne, M. T. 1982. The pathogenicity of *Vibrio**anguillarum*(Bergman). Pages 171187 *in* R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbial diseasesof fish. Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.

Jensen, N. J. 1983. The ulcus syndrome in cod (*Gadus**morhua*):a review. Rapp. P.V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 182:58-64.

Lewis, D. H., and L. R. Udey. 1978. Meningitis in fish caused byan asporogenous anaerobic bacterium. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis.Leafl. 56. 5 pp.

McCarthy, D. H., and R. J. Roberts. 1980. Furunculosis offish-the present state of our knowledge. Pages 293341 *in* M. R.Droop and H. W. Jannasch, eds. Advances in aquatic microbiology. Vol. 2.Academic Press, New York.

Michel, C. 1982. Progress towards furunculosis vaccination.Pages 151169 *in* R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbial diseases of fish.Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.

Munro, A L. S. 1982. The pathogenesis of bacterial diseases offishes. Pages 131149 *in* R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbial diseases offish. Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.

Newman, S. G. 1982. *Aeromonas**hydrophila*: areview with emphasis on its role in fish disease. Pages 87115 *in*D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, and P. Dubourget, eds. Antigens of fishpathogens; development and production for vaccines and serodiagnostics.Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux. Association Corporative dèsÉtudiants en Médecine de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Paterson, W. D. 1981. *Aeromonas**salmonicida* asan immunogen. Dev. Biol. Stand. 49:375385.

Paterson, W. D. 1982. Furunculosis and other associated diseasescaused by *Aeromonas**salmonicida*. Pages 119136 *in*D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, and P. Dubourget, eds. Antigens of fishpathogens; development and production for vaccines and serodiagnostics.Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux. Association Corporative dèsÉtudiants en Médecine de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Robohm, R. A. 1982. *Pasteurella**piscicida*. Pages161175 *in* D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, and P. Dubourget, eds.Antigens of fish pathogens; development and production for vaccines andserodiagnostics. Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux. AssociationCorporative dès Étudiants en Médecine de Lyon,Lyon, France.

Rogers, W. A. 1982. Edwardsiellosis in fishes. Pages 153159 *in*D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, and P. Dubourget, eds. Antigens of fishpathogens; development and production for vaccines and serodiagnostics.Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux. Association Corporative dèsÉtudiants en Médecine de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Sanders, J. E., and J. L. Fryer. 1988. Bacteria of fish. Pages115142 *in* B. Austin, ed. Methods in aquatic bacteriology. JohnWiley & Sons, New York.

Sano, T., and H. Fukuda.1987. Principal microbial diseases ofmariculture in Japan. Aquaculture 67:5969.

Snieszko, S. F. 1978. Mycobacteriosis (tuberculosis) of fishes.U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 55. 9 pp.

Snieszko, S. F. 1981. Bacterial gill disease of freshwaterfishes. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 62. 11 pp.

Tebbit, G. L., and T. D. Goodrich. 1982. Vibriosis and thedevelopment of effective bacterins for its control. Pages 225248 *in*D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, and P. Dubourget, eds. Antigens of fishpathogens; development and production for vaccines and serodiagnostics.Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux. Association Corporative dèsÉtudiants en Médecine de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Van Duijn, C., Jr. 1981. Tuberculosis in fishes. WalthamSymposium 3. J. Small Anim. Pract. 22:391-411.

Ward, P. D. 1982. The development of bacterial vaccines forfish. Pages 4758 *in* R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbial diseases offish. Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.
**Drugs**
Alderman, D. J. 1988. Fisheries chemotherapy: a review. Pages 161*in* J. F. Muir and R. J. Roberts, eds. Recent advances inaquaculture. Vol. 3. Timber Press, Portland, Oreg.

Austin, B. 1985. Evaluation of antimicrobial compounds for thecontrol of bacterial kidney disease in rainbow trout, *Salmo**gairdneri* Richardson. J. Fish Dis. 8:209220.

Bailey, T. A. 1984. Effects of twentyfive compounds on fourspecies of aquatic fungi (Saprolegniales) pathogenic to fish.Aquaculture 38:97104.

Guarino, A. M., D. B. Batson, and M. G. Zeeman, editors. 1986.Workshop on drug disposition and metabolism in aquatic species,Gaithersburg, Md., 20 August 1984. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 28(suppl. 1):156.

Herman, R. L., and G. L. Bullock. 1986. Antimicrobials and fish:a review of drugs used to treat bacterial diseases of channel catfishand rainbow trout. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 28(suppl. 1):1117.

Herwig, N. 1979. Handbook of drugs and chemicals used in thetreatment of fish diseases; a manual of fish pharmacology and materiamedica. Charles C. Thomas Springfield, 111.

272 pp.

Kuhns, J. F. 1981. FISHDRUG/TXT: a computer generatedbibliographic index of the drugs and chemicals used in treating fishdiseases. Parts 14. J. Aquaric. 2:418, 2943, 4558, 90102.

Schnick, R. A., F. P. Meyer, and D. L. Gray. 1989. A guide toapproved chemicals in fish production and fishery resource management.Rev. ed. University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, LittleRock, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Laboratory,LaCrosse, Wis.

27 pp.
**Environmental Diseases**
Cairns, V. W., P. V. Hodson, and J. O. Nriagu, editors. 1984.Contaminant effects on fisheries. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 333pp.

Dawe, C. J., J. C. Harshbarger, S. Kondo, T. Sugimura, and S.Takayama, editors. 1981. Phyletic approaches to cancer; proceedings ofthe 11th international symposium of the Princess Takamatsu CancerResearch Fund, Tokyo, Japan, 1980. Japan Scientific Societies Press,Tokyo, Japan. 400 pp.

Dethlefsen, V., and K. Tiews. 1985. Review on the effects ofpollution on marine fish life and fisheries in the North Sea. J. Appl.Ichthyol. 1:97118.

Fickeisen, D. H., M. J. Schneider, and G. A. Wedemeyer, editors.1980. Special section: gas bubble disease. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.109:657771.

Hollis, E. H., and R. E. Lennon. 1987. The toxicity of 1,085chemicals to fish. (Report prepared in 1954.) U.S. Environ. Prot.Agency, EPA 560/687002. 198 pp.

Jensen, N. J 1983. The ulcus syndrome in cod (*Gadus**morhua*):a review. Rapp. P.V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 182:58-64.

Johnson, W. W., and M. T. Finley. 1980. Handbook of acutetoxicity of chemicals to fish and aquatic invertebrates. U.S. FishWildl. Serv., Resour. Publ. 137. 98 pp.

Lewis, W. M., Jr., and D. P. Morris. 1986. Toxicity of nitriteto fish: a review. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 115:183195.

Malins, D. C. 1982. Alterations in the cellular and subcellularstructure of marine teleosts and invertebrates to petroleum in thelaboratory and field: a critical review. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.39:877-889.

Marking, L. L. 1987. Gas supersaturation in fisheries: causesconcerns, and cures. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Wildl. Leafl. 9. 10pp.

McLeod, G. C. 1978. The gas bubble disease of fish. Pages 319339*in* D. I. Mostofsky, ed. The behavior of fish and other aquaticanimals. Academic Press, New York.

Meyers, T. R., and J. D. Hendricks. 1982. A summary of tissuelesions in aquatic animals induced by controlled exposures toenvironmental contaminants, chemotherapeutic agents, and potentialcarcinogens. U.S. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv. Mar. Fish. Rev. 44(12):117.

Mix, M. C. 1986. Cancerous diseases in aquatic animals and theirassociation with environmental pollutants: a critical literature review.Mar. Environ. Res. 20:1141.

Murchelano, R. A. 1982. Some pollutionassociated diseases andabnormalities of marine fishes and shellfishes: a perspective for theNew York Bight. Pages 327346 *in* G. F. Mayer, ed. Ecologicalstress and the New York Bight: science and management. EstuarineResearch Federation, Columbia, S.C.

Pickering, A. D., editor. 1981. Stress and fish. Academic Press,New York. 367 pp.

Pritchard, J. B., editor. 1987. Mechanisms of pollutant actionin aquatic organisms. Environ. Health Perspect. 71. 193 pp.

Rand, G. M., and S. R. Petrocelli, editors. 1985. Fundamentalsof aquatic toxicology: methods and applications. Hemisphere PublishingCorp., Washington, DC. 666 pp.

Sindermann, C. J. 1979. Pollutionassociated diseases andabnormalities of fish and shellfish: a review. U.S. Natl. Mar. Fish.Serv. Fish. Bull. 76:717749.

Sindermann, C. J. 1983. An examination of some relationshipsbetween pollution and disease. Rapp. P.V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer182:3743.

Weitkamp, D. E., and M. Katz. 1980. A review of dissolved gassupersaturation literature. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 109:659702.

Wood, E. M. 1987. The toxicity of 3,400 chemicals to fish.(Report prepared in 1953.) U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, EPA 560/687002.66 pp.
**Fungal Diseases**
Alderman, D. J.1982. Fungal disease of aquatic animals. Pages 189242*in* R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbial diseases of fish. Spec. Publ.Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.

McVicar, A. H. 1982. *Ichthyophonus* infections of fish.Pages 243269 *in* R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbial diseases of fish.Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.

Neish, G. A., and G. C. Elughes.1980. Fungal diseases of fishes.Book 6 *in* S. F. Snieszko and I 1. R. Axelrod, eds. Diseases offishes. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune, N. J. 159 pp.

Pickering, A. D., and L. G. Willoughby. 1982. *Saprolegnia*infections of salmonid fish. Pages 271297 *in* R. J. Roberts, ed.Microbial diseases of fish. Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.

Srivastava, R. C. 1980. Studies in fishmycopathology: a review.Parts 13. Mykosen 23:325332,380391, 462469.

Srivastava, R. C. 1987. Fish mycopathology. Current Trends inLife Sciences 14. Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, NewDelhi, India. 106 pp. (Distributed in the United States by ScholarlyPublications, Houston, Tex.)

Willoughby, L. G. 1978. Saprolegnias of salmonid fish inWindermere: a critical analysis. J. Fish Dis. 1:5167.
**Histology**
Bell, G. R., D. Slind, and J. W. Bagshaw. 1986. Pictorial atlas ofhistology of the sablefish (*Anoplopoma fimbria*). Can. Spec.Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 94. 93 pp.

Ferguson, H. W. 1989. Systemic pathology of fish: a text andatlas of comparative tissue responses in diseases of teleosts. IowaState University Press, Ames. 263 pp.

Groman, D. B. 1982. Histology of the striped bass. Am. Fish.Soc. Monogr. 3. Bethesda, Md. 116 pp.

Kubota, S. S., T. Miyazaki, and S. Egusa. 1982. Color atlas offish histopathology. Vol.1. ShinSuisan ShinbunSha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.212 pp.

Mallatt, J. 1985. Fish gill structural changes induced bytoxicants and other irritants: a statistical review. Can. J. Fish.Aquat. Sci. 42:630648.

Miyazaki, T. 1980. Histopathological study on bacterialinfections in fishes. Bull. Fac. Fish. Mie Univ. 7:63149.

Yasutake, W. T. 1987. Collection and preparation of fish forhistological examination. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Wildl. Leafl. 11.5 pp.

Yasutake, W. T., and J. H. Wales. 1983. Microscopic anatomy ofsalmonids: an atlas. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Resour. Publ. 150. 189 pp.
**Immunology**
Ahne, W. 1981. Serological techniques currently used in fishvirology. Dev. Biol. Stand. 49:327.

Amend, D. F. 1980. Development and use of commercial fishvaccines. Salmonid 3(6):812.

Amend, D. F., and K. A. Johnson. 1981. Current status and futureneeds of *Vibrio**anguillarum* bacterins. Dev. Biol. Stand.49:403417.

Anderson, D. P., and O. W. Dixon. 1988. Fish biologics; a guidefor the production and use of antisera, antigens, and other reagents infish disease serodiagnosis. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, NationalFish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, W.Va. 255 pp.

Anderson, D. P., M. Dorson, and P. Dubourget, editors. 1982.Antigens of fish pathogens; development and production for vaccines andserodiagnostics. (Les antigenes des microorganismes pathogenes despoissons). Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux. Association Corporativedès Étudiants en Médecine de Lyon, Lyon, France.273 pp.

Anderson, D. P., and W. Hennessen, editors. 1981. InternationalSymposium on Fish Biologics: Serodiagnostics and Vaccines; proceedingsof a symposium. Dev. Biol. Stand. 49. 489 pp.

Busch, R. A. 1978. Protective vaccines for mass immunization oftrout. Salmonid 1(6):1014, 22.

Busch, R. A. 1981. The current status of diagnostic serology forthe major bacterial diseases of fishes. Dev. Biol. Stand. 49:8596.

De Kinkelin, P., and C. Michel, editors. 1984. Symposium on fishvaccination; theoretical background and practical results onimmunization against infectious diseases. Office International desEpizooties, Fish Disease Commission, Paris, France. 248 pp.

Dorson, M. 1981. Role and characterization of fish antibody.Dev. Biol. Stand. 49:307319.

Ellis, A. E. 1981. Nonspecific defense mechanisms in fish andtheir role in disease processes. Dev. Biol. Stand 49:337352.

Ellis, A. E. 1982. Differences between the immune mechanisms offish and higher vertebrates. Pages 129 *in* R. J. Roberts, ed.Microbial diseases of fish. Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.

Ellis, A. E., editor. 1988. Fish vaccination. Academic Press,New York. 255 pp.

Evenberg, D. 1988. Surface antigens of the fishpathogenicbacterium*Aeromonas**salmonicida*; their potential use in vaccinedevelopment. Ph. D. thesis, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. 134pp.

Harrell, L. W. 1979. Immunization of fishes in worldmariculture: a review. Proc. World Mariculture Soc. 10:534544.

Lamars, C. 1985. The reaction of the immune system of fish tovaccination. Ph. D. thesis, Agricultural University, Wageningen, TheNetherlands. 256 pp.

Manning, M. J., M. F. Grace, and C. J. Secombes. 1982.Developmental aspects of immunity and tolerance in fish. Pages 3146 *in*R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbial diseases of fish. Spec. Publ. Soc. GenMicrobiol. 9.

Manning, M. J., and M. F. Tatner, editors. 1985. Fishimmunology. Academic Press, Orlando, Fla. 374 pp.

Manning, M. J., M. F. Tatner, and C. J. Secombes. 1987.Immunology and disease control mechanisms of fish. J. Fish Biol.31(suppl. A):1261.

Rijkers, G. T. 1981. Introduction to fish immunology. Dev. Comp.Immunol. 5:527534.

Rijkers, G. T. 1982. Nonlymphoid defense mechanisms in fish.Dev. Comp. Immunol. 6:113.

Stolen, J. S., D. P. Anderson, and W. B. van Muiswinkel. 1986.Fish immunology. Elsevier, New York. 443 pp.

van Muiswinkel, W. B., and E. L. Cooper, editors. 1981.Immunology and immunization of fish. Proceedings of the Wageningen,Netherlands, conference, 2224 June 1981. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 6(Suppl.2):1255.

Ward, P. D. 1982. The development of bacterial vaccines forfish. Pages 4758 *in* R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbial diseases offish. Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.
**Nutritional Diseases**
Castell, J. D. 1979. Review of lipid requirements of finfish. Pages5984 *in* J. E. Halver and K. Tiews, eds. Finfish nutrition andfishfeed technology. Vol. I. Heenemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Berlin,Federal Republic of Germany.

Cowey, C. B. 1979. Protein and amino acid requirements offinfish. Pages 316 *in* J. E. Halver and K. Tiews, eds. Finfishnutrition and fishfeed technology. Vol. I. Heenemann VerlagsgesellschaftmbH, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.

Halver, J. E. 1979. Vitamin requirements of finfish. Pages 4558*in* J. E. Halver and K. Tiews, eds. Finfish nutrition andfishfeed technology. Vol. I. Heenemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Berlin,Federal Republic of Germany.

Herman, R. L. 1989. Systemic noninfectious granulomatoses offishes. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 79. 4 pp.

Hughes, S. G. 1985. Nutritional eye diseases in salmonids: areview. Prog. FishCult. 47:8185.

Lall, S. P. 1979. Minerals in finfish nutrition. Pages 8597 *in*J. E. Halver and K. Tiews, eds. Finfish nutrition and fishfeedtechnology. Vol. I. Heenemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH 1, Berlin, FederalRepublic of Germany.

Millikin, M. R. 1982. Qualitative and quantitative nutrientrequirements of fishes: a review. U.S. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv. Fish.Bull. 80:655686.

Poston, H. A. 1985. Vitamin requirements of finfishes: a review.F. HoffmannLa Roche Information Service, Animal Nutrition Department,Basel, Switzerland. 36 pp.

Rumsey, G. L., D. L. Garling, Jr., J. E. Halver, H. A. Poston,S. J. Slinger, and J. T. Windell. 1981. Nutrient requirements ofcoldwater fishes. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 63 pp.

Stickney, R. R., J. D. Castell, R. W. Hardy, H. G. Ketola, R. T.Lovell, and R. P. Wilson. 1983. Nutrient requirements of warmwaterfishes and shellfishes. Rev. ed . National Academy Press, Washington,DC. 102 pp.
**Parasites**
Bartholomew, J. L., J. S. Rohovec, and J. L. Fryer. 1989. *Ceratomyxa**shasta*, a myxosporean parasite of salmonids. U.S. Fish Wildl.Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 80. 8 pp.

Beumer, J. P., L. D. Ashburner, M. E. Burbury, E. Jette, and D.J. Latham. 1983. A checklist of the parasites of fishes from Australiaand its adjacent Antarctic Territories. Commonwealth Institute ofParasitology, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Slough,England, Tech. Commun. 48. 99 pp.

BeverleyBurton, M. 1984. Monogenea and Turbellaria. Pages 5209*in* L. Margolis and Z. Kabata, eds. Guide to the parasites offishes of Canada. Part I. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 74.

Burreson, E. M. 1982. Trypanoplasmiasis in flounder along theAtlantic coast of the United States. Pages 251260 *in* D. P.Anderson, M. Dorson, and P. Dubourget, eds. Antigens of fish pathogens;development and production for vaccines and serodiagnostics. CollectionFondation Marcel Merieux. Association Corporative dèsÉtudiants en Médecine de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Canning, E. U., J. Lom, and I. Dykova.1986. The microsporidia ofvertebrates. Academic Press, Orlando, Fla. 289 pp.

CliftonHadley, R. S., D. Bucke, and R. H. Richards. 1984.Proliferative kidney disease of salmonid fish: a review. J. Fish Dis.7:363377.

Fryer, G. 1982. The parasitic Copepoda and Branchiura of Britishfreshwater fishes: a handbook and key. Freshwater Biol. Assoc. Sci.Publ. 46. 87 pp.

Hedrick, R. P., M. L. Kent, and C. E. Smith. 1986. Proliferativekidney disease in salmonid fishes. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis.Leafl. 74. 9 pp.

Hoffman, G. L. 1978. Ciliates of freshwater fishes. Pages 583632*in* J. P. Kreier, ed. Parasitic protozoa. Vol. 2. Academic Press,New York.

Hoffman, G. L., and A. J. Mitchell. 1986. Some parasites anddiseases of warmwater fishes. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Wildl. Leafl.6. 22 pp.

Hoffman, G. L., and G. Schubert. 1984. Some parasites of exoticfishes. Pages 233-261 *in* W. R. Courtenay, Jr., and J. R.Stauffer, Jr., eds. Distribution, biology, and management of exoticfishes. Johns Hopkins University Press,

Baltimore, Md.

Kabata, Z. 1979. Parasitic Copepoda of British fishes. RaySociety, London. 667 pp.

Lichtenfels, J. R., and M. H. Pritchard. 1982. A guide to theparasite collections of the world. Special Publication of the AmericanSociety of Parasitology, Lawrence, Kans.

141 pp.

Love, M. S., and M. Moser. 1983. A checklist of parasites ofCalifornia, Oregon, and Washington marine and estuarine fishes. U.S.Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF777. 576 pp.

Margolis, L., and J. R. Arthur. 1979. Synopsis of the parasitesof fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 199.

269 pp.

Margolis, L., and Z. Kabata, editors. 1988. Guide to theparasites of fishes of Canada. Part II. Crustacea. Department ofFisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada. 184 pp.

Mitchell, A. J., and G. L. Hoffman. 1980. Important tapeworms ofNorth American freshwater fishes. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis.Leafl. 59. 18 pp.

Moller, H. H. 1980. Bibliography on fungus and zooparasites inNE Atlantic fish. Special meeting on diseases of commercially importantmarine fish and shellfish, Copenhagen, Denmark, 13 October 1980.International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen. 24 pp.

Molnar, K., chairman. 1987. Actual problems in fishparasitology. Proceedings of the second international symposium ofichthyoparasitology, Tihany, Hungary, 27 September3 October 1987.Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences,Budapest, Belgium. 115 pp.

Pritchard, M. H., and G. O. W. Kruse. 1982. The collection andpreservation of animal parasites. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.141 pp.

Wolf, K., and M. E. Markiw. 1985. Salmonid whirling disease.U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 69. 12 pp.

Wootten, R., and J. W. Smith. 1980. Studies on the parasitefauna of juvenile Atlantic salmon, *Salmo**salar* L.,cultured in fresh water in eastern Scotland. Z. Parasitenkd. D.63:221231.
**Viral Diseases**
Agius, C. 1982. Virus diseases of warm water fish. Pages 115130*in* R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbial diseases of fish. Spec. Publ.Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.

Ahne, W. 1981. Serological techniques currently used in fishvirology. Dev. Biol. Stand. 49:327.

Bootsma, R., and Ebregt. 1982. Spring viremia of carp. Pages8186*in* D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, and P. Dubourget, eds. Antigens offish pathogens; development and production for vaccines andserodiagnostics. Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux. AssociationCorporative dès Étudiants en Médecine de Lyon,Lyon, France.

De Kinkelin, P. 1982. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia. Pages 5161*in* D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, and P. Dubourget, eds. Antigens offish pathogens; development and production for vaccines andserodiagnostics. Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux. AssociationCorporative dès Étudiants en Médecine de Lyon,Lyon, France.

Dobos, P., and T. E. Roberts. 1983. The molecular biology ofinfectious pancreatic necrosis virus: a review. Can. J. Microbiol.29:377384.

Dorson, M. 1982. Infectious pancreatic necrosis of salmonids:overview of current problems. Pages 731 *in* D. P. Anderson, M.Dorson, and P. Dubourget, eds. Antigens of fish pathogens; developmentand production for vaccines and serodiagnostics. Collection FondationMarcel Merieux. Association Corporative dès Étudiants en Médecinede Lyon, Lyon, France.

Gross, L. 1983. Tumors, leukemia, and lymphosarcomas in fish.Pages 103116 *in* L. Gross, ed. Oncogenic viruses. 3rd ed. Vol. 1.Pergamon Press, New York.

Hetrick, F. M. 1984. DNA viruses associated with diseases ofmarine and anadromous fish. Helgol. Meeresunters. 37:289307.

Hill, B. J. 1981. Virus diseases of fish. Pages 231261 *in*E. P. J. Gibbs, ed. Virus diseases of food animals. Academic Press NewYork.

Hill, B. J. 1982. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and itsvirulence. Pages 91114 *in* R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbial diseasesof fish. Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 9.

Kuroda, Y., E. Kurstak, and K. Maramorosch, editors. 1988. Fishcell cultures. Part 6. Pages 191235 *in* Y. Kuroda, E. Kurstak,and K. Maramorosch, eds. Invertebrate and fish tissue culture;proceedings of the seventh international conference on invertebrate andfish tissue culture, Ohito, Japan, 1016 May 1987. SpringerVerlag, NewYork.

Leong, J. C., and T. Y. Barila, editors. 1983. Proceedings:workshop on viral diseases of salmonid fishes in the Columbia RiverBasin, Portland, Oregon, 78 October 1982. Special Publication.Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oreg. 173 pp.

McAllister, P. E. 1979. Fish viruses and viral infections. Pages401470 *in* H. FraenkelConrat and R. R. Wagner, eds. Comprehensivevirology. Vol. 14. Newly characterized vertebrate viruses. Plenum Press,New York.

McAllister, P. E. 1983. Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) ofsalmonid fishes. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 65. 12 pp.

Nicholson, B. L. 1982. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis(I.H.N.). Pages 6378 *in* D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, and P.Dubourget, eds. Antigens of fish pathogens; development and productionfor vaccines and serodiagnostics. Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux.Association Corporative dès Étudiants en Médecinede Lyon, Lyon, France.

Pilcher, K S., and J. L. Fryer. 1980. The viral diseases offish: a review through 1978. Part I: Diseases of proven viral etiology.CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 7:287364.

Pilcher, K S., and J. L. Fryer. 1980. The viral diseases offish: a review through 1978. Part II: Diseases in which a viral etiologyis suspected but unproven. CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 8: 125.

Plumb, J. A. 1986. Channel catfish virus disease. U. S. FishWildl. Serv., Fish Dis. Leafl. 73. 7 pp.

Plumb, J. A., and D. A. Jezek. 1982. Channel catfish virusdisease. Pages 3349 *in* D. P. Anderson, M. Dorson, and P.Dubourget, eds. Antigens of fish pathogens; development and productionfor vaccines and serodiagnostics. Collection Fondation Marcel Merieux.Association Corporative dès Étudiants en Médecinede Lyon, Lyon, France.

Wolf, K. 1979. Coldblooded vertebrate cell and tissue culture.Pages 466-477 *in* W. B. Jakoby and 1. H. Pastan, eds. Methods inenzymology. Vol. 58. Cell culture. Academic Press,

New York.

Wolf, K. 1980. Virology of aquarium fishes, a review--1980. J.Aquaric. 1:5862.

Wolf, K. 1981. Viral diseases of fish and their relation topublic health. Pages 403437 *in* J. H. Steele and G. Beran, eds.CRC handbook series in zoonoses. Section B: Viral zoonoses. Vol. II. CRCPress, Boca Raton, Fla.

Wolf, K. 1982. Newly discovered viruses and viral diseases offishes, 19771981. Pages 5990 *in* R. J. Roberts, ed. Microbialdiseases of fish. Spec. Publ. Soc. Gen.

Microbiol. 9.

Wolf, K. 1983. Biology and properties of fish and reptilianherpesviruses. Pages 319366 *in* B. Roizman, ed. Theherpesviruses. Vol. 2. Plenum Press, New York.

Wolf, K. 1984. Fish viruses: their biology, classification,hosts, pathology, and control. Pages 197215 *in* E. Kurstak and R.G. Marusyk, eds. Control of virus diseases. Marcel Dekker, New York.

Wolf, K. 1988. Fish viruses and fish viral diseases. CornellUniversity Press, Ithaca, New York. 476 pp.

Wolf, K., and W. Ahne. 1982. Fish cell culture. Pages 305328 *in*K. Maramorsch, ed. Advances in cell culture. Vol. 2. Academic Press, NewYork.

Wolf, K., and J. A. Mann. 1980. Poikilotherm vertebrate celllines and viruses: a current listing for fishes. In Vitro 16: 168179. *U.S. Department of the Interior**|| U.S. Geological Survey  11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV  25430, USA  URL: http://www.lsc.usgs.gov  Maintainer: lsc_webmaster@usgs.gov  Last Modified: February 26, 2004 dwnPrivacy Policy and Disclaimers || FOIA || Accessibility*