Principal Component Analy

Results from Surveys used 

Non-Power Plant Settings
Examples from Healthcare
Comparing Culture Surve

SAQ: 22 o

h 

Qual. Saf. Health Care 2005;14;364-366

c

haracter aracter
Agency for Healthcare Resear

and Quality (2010)

Factors Definition

Communication openness Important patient care information is trans

hospital units and during shift changes

Feedback & communication about error

Management provides a work climate that patient safety and shows that patient safet

priority

Frequency of events reported Staff feel that their mistakes and event rep

held against them, and that mistakes are ntheir personnel file

Handoffs & transitions There is a learning culture in which mistake

positive changes and changes are evaluateeffectiveness

Management support for patient safety

Procedures and systems are good at preveand there is a lack of patient safety problem
Agency for Healthcare Resear

and Quality (con’t)

Factors Definition

Non-punitive response to error Staff feel that their mistakes a

reports are not held against tmistakes are not kept in their file

Organizational Organizational learning learning

—Continuous Continuous There is a learnin

g culture in w

improvement

g

mistakes lead to positive chanchanges are evaluated for eff

Overall perceptions of patient safety Procedures and systems are g

preventing errors and there is patient safety problems

Staffing There are enough staff to han

workload and work hours are to provide the best care for p
Agency for Healthcare Resear

and Quality (con’t)

Factors Definition

Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting safety

Supervisors/managers considsuggestions for improving patpraise staff for following patieprocedures, and do not overlsafety problems

Teamwork across units Hospital units cooperate and 

with one another to provide for patients

Teamwork within units Staff support one another, tr

another with respect, and woas a team

http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/hospsurvey10/
Safety Culture Dimensions Measured b

Safety Attitudes Questionnaire

Dimension Definition Example Item

Safety climate Perceptions of patient 

safety norms and behaviors

–ICU personnel frequently rules or guidelines

Teamwork climate

Perceived quality of collaboration among personnel

–Our doctors and nurses wtogether as a well coordin

Perceptions of Perceptions of Approval of managerial

–Management supports m

management

Approval of managerial

action

Management supports m

efforts in this ICU

Working conditions

Perceived quality of the work environment and logistical support

–Our levels of staffing are handle the number of pat

Job satisfaction

Positivity about the work experience

–This ICU is a good place t

Stress recognition

Acknowledgment of how performance is influenced by stressors

–When my workload becoexcessive, my performanc

Sexton JB, Helmreich RL, Neilands TB, et al. The safety attitudes questionnaire: Psychometric propedata, and emerging research. BMC Health Serv Res 2006;6:44.
Examples from Constructio
Siu, O., Phillips, D. R., & Leung, T. W. (2003)

differences in safety attitudes and safety perfo

in Hong Kong construction workers. Journal of 

Research, 34, 199–205.

• Management commitment• Human resources management practice• Supervisor support• Internal group processes• Work pressure
Safety Climate : Construction Wo

in Pakistan

Factors Example Items

Attitudes and Beliefs Management acts decisively when a safety co

raisedWorking safely is a top priority for site managand supervisors

Ph

ysical Work Construction sites are dan

gerous 

places

Environment

g p

Usually I don’t get the right equipment to do 

Supportive Environment I believe that prevention of accidents is the r

of everyoneGood working relationship among the workernecessary for safety

Ali, Tauha. Influence of National Culture on Construction Safety Climate in Griffith University, May, 2006.http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/uploads/approved/adtQGU20070110.173625/public/02Whole.pdf
Example from Manufacturi
Nielsen. K. J., Rasmussen, K., Glasscock, D., and Spange

(2008). Changes in safety climate and accidents at two 

manufacturing plants. Safety Science, 46, 440-4

Factor Example

Immediate supervisor general leadership My immediate supervisor use

of leadership that are satisfyi

Immediate supervisor safety leadership My immediate supervisor int

immediately if safety regulatbroken

Safety instruction I have been shown how to pe

work safely at my current pla

Convenience violations I ignore safety regulations to 

done

Safety oversight It is of no use to bring up safeCommitment to the workplace Do you feel that your place o

great personal importanceto you?
Small Business Examples
BSMS Online Survey

http://bsmsinc.com/survey.html

Factors Factors

Management Commitment HousekeepingPerceived Risk Personal CommitmentJob-Induced Stress Accident Causation BeliefsSafety Training Emergency Procedures

Feedback Safe Systems of WorkManagerial Actions Safety BehaviorsThe Required Workpace Safety CommunicationsSafety Personnel
AHRQ Factors for Medical Off

Factor Factors

Patient Safety and Quality Issues • Access to Care

• Patient Identification• Charts/Medical Records• Medical Equipment• Medication• Diagnostics & Tests

Patient Care Tracking/Follow

Information Exchan

g g e with Other Settin

gs Communication about Error

Teamwork Owner/Managing Partner/Le

Support for Patient Safety

Work Pressure and Pace Organizational LearningStaff Training Overall Perceptions of Patien

Quality

Office Processes and Standardization Overall Ratings on Quality an

Safety

Communication Openness

http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/patientsafetyculture/mosurvindex.htm