CURRENT POPULATION REPORTS

Consumer Income

P60-197

Money

Income

in the

United

States:

1996

(With Separate Data on Valuation

of Noncash Benefits)

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
HIGHLIGHTS

Official Money Income Estimates

x For the second consecutive year, households in the United States experienced an increase in

annual real median income. Median household income increased by 1.2 〈±1.0) percent between

1995 and 1996, from $35,082 (± 334) to $35,492 (± 295). (See Table A.)

x The real median earnings of women who worked full time, year round increased by 2.4

(± 1.3) percent between 1995 and 1996 from $23,161 (± 232) to $23,710 (± 273). In contrast, the

median earnings of men who worked full time, year round declined by 0.9 (± 0.7) percent, going

from $32,426 (± 194) to $32,144 (± 188). (See Table A.) These contrasting changes in earnings

brought the female-to-male earnings ratio to an all time high--in 1996, the median earnings for

women represented about 74 (± 1.0) percent of the median for men.

x Based on comparisons of 2-year moving averages, real median household income increased

significantly for nine states—Alaska, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Minnesota, New York, North

Carolina, Rhode Island, and South Carolina. Median household income declined for three

states—New Mexico, Vermont, and Wyoming. Median household income did not change

significantly for any of the remaining states or the District of Columbia. (See Table C.)

Valuation of Noncash Benefits

x The use of a fully adjusted income definition (one that includes the effects of taxes and noncash

benefits) lowered income inequality by 11.0 (± 1.1) percent when compared with pre-tax (official)

money income. Government transfers have a much more significant effect than taxes on

redistributing income.

x The change in household median income between 1995 and 1996 using the fully adjusted

income definition was 0.7 (± 0.8) percent, not significantly different from the 1.2 (± 1.0) percent

change in pre-tax (official) money income.

Acknowledgments

Carmen DeNavas and Robert W. Cleveland prepared this report under the direction of

Edward J. Welniak, Jr., Chief, Income Statistics Branch, Housing and Household Economic

Statistics Division. Ann Margaret Jensen, Diana Marz, and Shirley L. Smith provided statistical

assistance. Doris Sansbury provided word processing assistance. Charles T. Nelson, Assistant

Division Chief for Income and Poverty, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division,

provided overall direction of this report.

David Nguyen and Anh Ly Teitler, Demographic Surveys Division, programmed the detailed

tables. Richard A. Denby, Chief of the Computer Programming and Applications Staff, Caroline

Carbaugh, Stephen J. Heacock, and Stacy Masano produced the publication tables.

Sampling review was conducted by Genny Burns and Donald Keathley of the Demographic

Statistical Methods Division.

Julie L. Feliciano, Thuan Pham, Maria E. Reed, Bonnie S. Tarsia, and Catherine M. Walker,

Demographic Surveys Division, prepared and programmed the computer-assisted interviewing

instrument used to conduct the March income supplement.

Data collection was conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau field representatives and telephone

interviewers. Without their dedication, the preparation of this report or any report from the Current

Population Survey would be impossible.

The staff of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed publication planning, design , composition, editorial review, and printing planning and

procurement. Cynthia G. Brooks provided publication coordination and editing.
CURRENT POPULATION REPORTS

Consumer Income

P60-197

Issued September 1997

Money

Income

in the

United

States:

1996

(With Separate Data on Valuation

of Noncash Benefits)

U.S. Department of Commerce

William M. Daley, Secretary

Economics and Statistics

 Administration

Lee Price,

 Acting Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director
HOUSING AND HOUSEHOLD

ECONOMIC STATISTICS DIVISION

Daniel H. Weinberg, Chief

SUGGESTED CITATION

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, P60-197, Money Income in the United

States: 1996 (With Separate Data on Valuation of Noncash Benefits), U.S. Government Printing

Office, Washington, DC, 1997.

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Bradford R. Huther, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Nancy M. Gordon, Associate Director

for Demographic Programs

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Lee Price, Acting Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs
TEXT

Availability of Data via Electronic Media.......................................................... v

Highlights ........................................................................................... v

Introduction......................................................................................... vi

Official Estimates of Money Income .............................................................. vi

Household Income .............................................................................. vi

Type of Household .............................................................................. vi

Race and Hispanic Origin....................................................................... viii

Nativity of the Householder..................................................................... viii

Region ........................................................................................... viii

Residence........................................................................................ viii

Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers................................................... viii

Per Capita Income .............................................................................. ix

Income Inequality................................................................................ x

State Income Data .............................................................................. xi

Valuation of Noncash Benefits .................................................................... xii

Distributional Effects ............................................................................ xiv

Effects on Selected Population Groups ........................................................ xv

Comments From Data Users...................................................................... xvi

Symbols Used in Tables........................................................................... xvi

TEXT TABLES

A. Comparison of Summary Measures of Income by Selected Characteristics: 1995

and 1996 .................................................................................. vii

B. Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 1996 .................. xii

C. Median Income of Households by State .................................................. xiii

D. Median Household Income by Definition: 1995 and 1996............................... xiv

E. Percentage of Aggregate Income Received by Income Quintiles and Gini Index by

Definition of Income: 1996............................................................... xv

F. Median Income Using Different Definitions for Households With Selected

Characteristics: 1996..................................................................... xvi

FIGURES

1. Median Earnings of Year-Round, Full-Time Workers by Sex: 1960 to 1996............ ix

2. Share of Aggregate Household Income by Quintile: 1976, 1986, and 1996 ........... x

3. Percent Change in Household Gini Indexes: 1967 to 1996............................. xi

DETAILED TABLES

Income

1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic

Origin of Householder: 1996, 1995, and 1994 ......................................... 1

2. Selected Characteristics—Households by Total Money Income in 1996 ............... 5

iii

Contents
3. Persons in Households by Total Household Income in 1996, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin .................................... 7

4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin

of Householder: 1996, 1995, and 1994 ................................................. 13

5. Selected Characteristics of Families—Total Money Income of Families in 1996....... 17

6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years Old—Total Money Income in 1996 of

Married-Couple Families by Work Experience in 1996 of Husband and Wife ........ 19

7. Median Income of Persons by Selected Characteristics: 1996, 1995, and 1994 ...... 26

8. Selected Characteristics of Persons—Total Money Income in 1996 of Persons 15

Years Old and Over by Work Experience in 1996 and Sex............................ 30

9. Educational Attainment—Total Money Earnings in 1996 of Persons 18 Years Old

and Over by Age, Work Experience in 1996, and Sex ................................. 34

10. Work Experience in 1996 —Total Money Earnings in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old

and Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex........................................... 38

11. Source of Income in 1996—Number With Income and Mean Income of Specified

Type in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and Over by Age .............................. 42

Valuation of Noncash Benefits

12. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1996........................... 48

APPENDIXES

A. Definitions and Explanations............................................................... A–1

B. Time Series Estimates of Income ......................................................... B–1

C. Source and Accuracy of Estimates........................................................ C–1

APPENDIX TABLES

B–1. Annual Average Consumer Price Index (CPI-U): 1947 to 1996 ........................ B–2

B–2. Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 1996 ..................................................................... B–3

B–3. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of

Households by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 1996............ B–6

B–4. Families by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967

to 1996 .................................................................................... B–9

B–5. Persons by Total Money Income, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1996 ....B–12

C–1. Description of the March Current Population Survey .................................... C–2

C–2. March CPS Coverage Ratios.............................................................. C–3

C–3. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome Characteristics: 1996.. C–4

C–4. CPS Factors to Apply to a and b Parameters for Estimates Prior to 1996 ............. C–5

C–5. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome Characteristics of

Hispanics: 1972 to 1983 ................................................................. C–6

C–6. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome Characteristics of

Asian and Pacific Islanders: 1996....................................................... C–7

C–7. CPS Year-to-Year Correlation Coefficients for Income Estimates: 1960 to 1996 ...... C–7

iv
Money Income in the United States: 1996

(With Separate Data on Valuation of Noncash Benefits)

The Current Population Survey (CPS) is probably the

best known and most widely used of all continuing federal

household surveys. Daily news (whether television, radio,

or newspaper) frequently details statistics on Americans’

jobs, income, poverty status, health insurance coverage,

marital status, migration, and so forth based on CPS data.

For 50 years, analysts, researchers, and policymakers

have also used the CPS to examine annual changes in

income and earnings and to compare those changes with

historical trends. This year’s report shows that the economic status of households continues to improve and that

selected subgroups have experienced recent economic

gains which have raised their incomes to 1989 pre-recessionary

levels.

AVAILABILITY OF DATA VIA ELECTRONIC

MEDIA

In addition to the data in this report, income data from

the March Supplement to the CPS can be accessed

through the Internet. A wealth of information, including

tables showing detailed income distributions by various

characteristics of the population; historical income tables

for households, families, and persons; the public-use microdata file; press releases; and press briefings can be

accessed through the Census Bureau’s home page at:

http://www.census.gov

or directly at:

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income.html

Requests for data or questions regarding them can be sent

via E-mail to the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division of the Census Bureau at

hhes-info@census.gov

HIGHLIGHTS

(The figures in parentheses denote 90-percent confidence

intervals.)

x For the second consecutive year, households in the

United States experienced an increase in annual real1

median income. Median household income increased by

1.2 (± 1.0) percent between 1995 and 1996, from

$35,082 (± 334) to $35,492 (± 295). (See Table A.)

x For the third consecutive year, family households experienced an increase in real median income—for nonfamily households it is the second consecutive year of

increase. Between 1995 and 1996, the median income

of family households increased by 1.5 (± 1.0) percent to

$43,082 (± 413); for nonfamily households the increase

was 2.2 (± 2.0) percent to $20,973 (± 337). 2 (See Table

A.)

x Households maintained by a person of Hispanic origin

experienced a 5.8 (± 3.4) percent increase in real

median household income, going from $23,535 (± 844)

in 1995 to $24,906 (± 793) in 1996. The changes in real

median household income of White, Black, and Asian

and Pacific Islander households were not statistically

significant. (See Table A.)

x The South was the only region to experience a significant year-to-year change in real median household

income between 1995 and 1996. In 1996, the median

income of Southern households was $32,422 (± 474)

compared with $31,856 (± 434) in 1995. (See Table A.)

x The real median earnings of women who worked full

time, year round increased by 2.4 (± 1.3) percent

between 1995 and 1996 from $23,161 (± 232) to $23,710

(± 273). In contrast, the median earnings of men who

worked full time, year round declined by 0.9 (± 0.7)

percent, going from $32,426 (± 194) to $32,144 (± 188).

(See Table A.) These contrasting changes in earnings

brought the female-to-male earnings ratio to an all time

high—in 1996, the median earnings for women represented about 74 (± 1.0) percent of the median for men.

x Per capita income increased significantly between 1995

and 1996, in real terms, for all but one of the race/ethnic

groups. The per capita income of Whites, Blacks, and

Hispanics increased by 1.8 (± 1.3) percent, 5.2 (± 4.0)

percent, and 4.9 (± 4.2) percent, respectively.3 The 1996

per capita income ofAsians and Pacific Islanders remained

statistically unchanged. (See Table A.)

x This is the third consecutive year in which there was no

year-to-year change in overall income inequality. (See

Appendix Table B-3.)

1

Changes in real income refer to comparisons after adjusting for

inflation. The percentage changes in prices between earlier years and

1996 were computed by dividing the annual average Consumer Price

Index (CPI-U) for 1996 by the annual average for earlier years. See Table

B-1 in Appendix B for values of the CPI-U from 1947 to 1996.

2

The difference between the percentage changes in median household income between 1995 and 1996 for family and nonfamily households

was not statistically significant. 3

The differences between the 1995-1996 percentage changes in per

capita income among the race/ethnic origin groups were not statistically

significant.

v
x Based on comparisons of 2-year moving averages, real

median household income increased significantly for

nine states—Alaska, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, and

South Carolina. Median household income declined for

three states—New Mexico, Vermont, and Wyoming.

Median household income did not change significantly

for any of the remaining states or the District of Columbia. (See Table C.)

x The use of a fully adjusted income definition (one that

includes the effects of taxes and noncash benefits)

lowered income inequality by 11.0 (± 1.1) percent when

compared with pre-tax (official) money income. Government transfers have a much more significant effect than

taxes on redistributing income.

x The change in household median income between 1995

and 1996 using the fully adjusted income definition was

0.7 (± 0.8) percent compared with 1.2 (± 1.0) for pre-tax

(official) money income.

INTRODUCTION

This report presents data on the income of households,

families, and persons in the United States for calendar year

1996 and compares them with those for 1995. The data

were compiled from information collected in the March

1997 Current Population Survey (CPS) conducted by the

U.S. Census Bureau. The survey consisted of approximately 50,000 households nationwide.

OFFICIAL ESTIMATES OF MONEY INCOME

The official income estimates in this report are based

solely on money income before taxes and do not include

the value of noncash benefits such as food stamps,

medicare, medicaid, public housing, and employer-provided

fringe benefits. A separate section of this report entitled

‘‘Valuation of Noncash Benefits’’ discusses the effect of

taxes and selected noncash benefits on household income

using model-based approaches to taxes and valuing benefits. These modeled data were derived from information

collected in the March 1997 CPS along with data from

other sources including the Internal Revenue Service, the

Food and Consumer Service, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Health Care Financing Administration.

Household Income

For the second consecutive year, households in the

United States experienced an increase in real annual

median income—1.2 percent between 1995 and 1996,

going from $35,082 to $35,492. (See Table A.) Even though

overall household income has not yet recovered to its 1989

pre-recessionary peak of $36,467 (in 1996 dollars), the gap

is narrowing. In 1994, real median household income was

6.3 percent below the 1989 level; in 1995 it was 3.8 percent

below the 1989 level; and in 1996, it was 2.7 percent below

the 1989 level.4

Selected subgroups have, however, returned to or surpassed their 1989 pre-recessionary median income levels.

Households in the Midwest and South regions, Black

households, family households maintained by a woman

with no husband present, and households maintained by

persons 55 to 64 years old all had income in 1996

comparable to their 1989 income (in 1996 dollars). The

median income of married-couple family households has

not only returned to its 1989 pre-recessionary level, but

surpassed it by 2.2 percent.

Type of Household

An increase between 1995 and 1996 in real household

income was evident for both family and nonfamily households (see Tables A and 1). This is the third consecutive

year that family households have experienced an increase

in real median income and the second consecutive year for

nonfamily households. The median income of family households increased by 1.5 percent between 1995 and 1996 to

$43,082. Nonfamily median income increased 2.2 percent,

to $20,973.5 Among family households, those maintained

by a married couple were the only ones to experience an

increase in median income between 1995 and 1996—$49,858

in 1996 compared with $48,521 (in 1996 dollars) in 1995,

or a 2.8 percent increase. This was the third consecutive

year that married-couple families experienced an increase

in median household income.

The remaining types of family households did not fare as

well. The median income of family households maintained

by a man with no wife present was statistically unchanged

at $35,658 in 1996, after having experienced a 7.0 percent

increase between 1994 and 1995. The median income of

family households maintained by a woman with no husband present also remained statistically unchanged at

$21,564 in 1996—60 percent of the median of their male

counterparts and 43 percent of the median of marriedcouple family households. Family households maintained

by a woman with no husband present had experienced 2

consecutive years of increases in median household income

prior to 1996.

4

The difference between the 1989-1995 and 1989-1996 percentage

changes was not statistically significant. 5

The difference between the 1995-1996 percentage change in median

household income of family households and nonfamily households was

not statistically significant.

vi
Table A. Comparison of Summary Measures of Income by Selected Characteristics: 1995 and 1996

[Households and persons as of March of the following year]

Characteristic

1996 1995

Percent change

in real income

1996 to 1995

Number

(1,000)

Median income

(dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Median income

(1996 dollars)

HOUSEHOLDS

All households ........................... 101,018 35,492 99,627 35,082 * 1.2

Type of Household

Family households.............................. 70,241 43,082 69,594 42,441 * 1.5

Married-couple families........................ 53,604 49,858 53,567 48,521 * 2.8

Female householder, no husband present ....... 12,790 21,564 12,514 21,978 –1.9

Male householder, no wife present.............. 3,847 35,658 3,513 34,524 3.3

Nonfamily households........................... 30,777 20,973 30,033 20,517 * 2.2

Female householder .......................... 17,070 16,398 16,685 16,361 0.2

Male householder ............................ 13,707 27,266 13,348 26,791 1.8

Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder

White ......................................... 85,059 37,161 84,511 36,822 0.9

White, not Hispanic ........................... 77,240 38,787 76,932 38,276 * 1.3

Black.......................................... 12,109 23,482 11,577 23,054 1.9

Asian and Pacific Islander ....................... 2,998 43,276 2,777 41,813 3.5

Hispanic origin1 ................................ 8,225 24,906 7,939 23,535 * 5.8

Age of Householder

15 to 24 years ................................. 5,160 21,438 5,282 21,598 –0.7

25 to 34 years ................................. 19,314 35,888 19,225 35,726 0.5

35 to 44 years ................................. 23,823 44,420 23,226 44,748 –0.7

45 to 54 years ................................. 18,843 50,472 18,008 49,477 * 2.0

55 to 64 years ................................. 12,469 39,815 12,401 39,201 1.6

65 years and over .............................. 21,408 19,448 21,486 19,660 –1.1

Nativity of the Householder

Native born .................................... 90,585 36,092 89,713 35,811 0.8

Foreign born ................................... 10,433 30,008 9,915 29,189 2.8

Not a citizen ................................. 5,791 25,650 5,890 24,997 2.6

Region

Northeast...................................... 19,724 37,406 19,695 37,177 0.6

Midwest ....................................... 23,972 36,579 23,707 36,897 –0.9

South ......................................... 35,693 32,422 35,143 31,856 * 1.8

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,629 37,125 21,082 37,041 0.2

Residence

Inside metropolitan areas ........................ 80,950 37,640 79,875 37,144 * 1.3

Inside central cities ........................... 31,347 30,361 30,985 29,796 * 1.9

Outside central cities.......................... 49,603 42,455 48,890 42,148 0.7

Outside metropolitan areas ...................... 20,068 28,089 19,753 28,596 –1.8

EARNINGS OF YEAR-ROUND, FULL-TIME

WORKERS

Male .......................................... 53,787 32,144 52,667 32,426 * –0.9

Female ........................................ 36,430 23,710 35,482 23,161 * 2.4

PER CAPITA INCOME

All races2 ............................... 266,792 18,136 264,314 17,736 * 2.3

White ......................................... 220,070 19,181 218,442 18,844 * 1.8

Black.......................................... 34,218 11,899 33,889 11,306 * 5.2

Asian and Pacific Islander ....................... 10,071 17,921 9,653 17,056 5.1

Hispanic origin1 ................................ 29,703 10,048 28,438 9,575 * 4.9

*Statistically significant change at the 90-percent confidence level.

1

Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

2

Data for American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts are not shown separately. Data for this population group should not be tabulated from the

CPS because of its small sample size.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, March Current Population Survey.

vii
Race and Hispanic Origin

Asians and Pacific Islanders had the highest median

household income ($43,276) among the race and Hispanicorigin groups in 1996.6 White households had the second

highest, $37,161, followed by Hispanic-origin households

($24,906), and Black households ($23,482). (See Table A.)

White, not Hispanic households had a median income of

$38,787 in 1996.

Although Asians and Pacific Islanders as a group had

the highest median household income in 1996, their incomeper-household-member was not statistically different from

the income-per-household-member of White households.

(The income-per-household-member measure represents

the average amount of income available to each household

member.) The larger average size of Asian and Pacific

Islander households—3.15 persons compared to 2.60 for

White households—produces an income-per-householdmember of $17,928 in 1996, not statistically different from

the $18,878 for White households. The income-per-householdmember for Blacks in 1996 was $11,543, and for Hispanics

it was $9,545, based on average household sizes of 2.81

and 3.56, respectively.

Between 1995 and 1996, households maintained by a

person of Hispanic origin experienced a 5.8 percent increase

in real median household income, going from $23,535 to

$24,906, fully counteracting the apparent decline of 5.1

percent between 1994 and 1995. White, not Hispanic

households experienced a 1.3 percent increase to $38,787.

The changes in the real median household income of the

remaining race/ethnic origin groups were not statistically

significant.7

Nativity of the Householder

When households are grouped according to whether the

householder was native born, foreign born, or foreign born

and not a citizen of the United States, none of the groups

experienced a significant change in their real median

household income between 1995 and 1996. (See Table A.)

The median income of households with a native-born

householder was $36,092 in 1996; for those with a foreignborn householder, it was $30,008; and for those with a

householder who was not a citizen of the United States,

$25,650.

Region

The South was the only region to experience a significant year-to-year change in real median household income

between 1995 and 1996—$32,422 in 1996 compared with

$31,856 (in 1996 dollars) in 1995. (See Tables A and 1.)

The Midwest and South have been the only regions to

experience significant year-to-year increases in median

household income in recent years, bringing their incomes

up to levels comparable to their 1989 pre-recessionary

levels. The Midwest experienced a 7.2 percent increase

between 1994 and 1995, and the South experienced an

increase of 2.9 percent between 1993 and 1994. The

Northeast and West have not experienced an annual

increase in median household income since 1989.

Even though the South recently experienced an increase

in median household income, it still had the lowest income

among the regions. In 1996, the median household income

of the Northeast was $37,406, for the West it was $37,125,

for the Midwest $36,579, and $32,422 for the South.8

Residence

Households located inside metropolitan areas and those

inside the central cities of metropolitan areas both experienced increases in real median income between 1995 and

1996. Households inside metropolitan areas experienced

an increase of 1.3 percent to $37,640, with those inside

central cities of metropolitan areas experiencing an increase

of 1.9 percent to $30,361.9 The real median income of

households located in the suburbs of metropolitan areas

and outside metropolitan areas remained statistically unchanged

between 1995 and 1996.

This is the second consecutive year that households

inside metropolitan areas experienced an increase in real

median income—prior to 1995, their income had not increased

since 1989. For households located in central cities of

metropolitan areas, this is the first annual increase in real

median household income experienced since 1988. Households located in the suburbs of metropolitan areas experienced an increase in median household income in 1995,

as did households located outside metropolitan areas.

Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers

The percentage of both men and women who worked

full time, year round remained unchanged between 1995

and 1996. Of the 76,165,000 men 15 years old and over

who reported working in 1996, 70.6 percent worked full

time, year round. Of the 66,744,000 women 15 years old

and over who reported working in 1996, 54.6 percent

worked full time, year round.

The real median earnings of women working full time,

year round increased by 2.4 percent between 1995 and

1996, from $23,161 (in 1996 dollars) to $23,710. In contrast, the median earnings of men working full time, year

6

Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

7

The change of 0.9 percent between 1995 and 1996 in the median

income of White households was statistically significant at the 88 percent

level of confidence.

8

The differences between the median household incomes of the

Northeast, Midwest, and West were not statistically significant. 9

The difference between the percentage changes in median household income between 1995 and 1996 for households inside metropolitan

areas and those inside central cities was not statistically significant.

viii
round declined by 0.9 percent, going from $32,426 (in 1996

dollars) to $32,144. These contrasting changes in earnings

brought the female-to-male earnings ratio to an all-time

high—in 1996, the median earnings for women represented about 74 percent of the median for men.

Recent increases in the female-to-male earnings ratio

have been due more to declines in the earnings of men

than to increases in the earnings of women (see Figure 1).

The last time men experienced an annual increase in

median earnings was in 1991. Since 1993, the median

earnings of men has been declining.10 Between 1993 and

1996, men’s earnings have declined by 2.6 percent. Since

1990, the earnings of men have declined by 3.3 percent.11

For women, the change between 1993 and 1996 was not

statistically significant, as is also true for the 1990 to 1996

change.

Per Capita Income

Per capita income increased significantly between 1995

and 1996 for all but one of the race/ethnic origin groups.

The per capita income of Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics

increased by 1.8 percent, 5.2 percent, and 4.9 percent,

respectively. The percent change between 1995 and 1996

in the per capita income of Asians and Pacific Islanders

was not statistically significant, though numerically comparable to that of Blacks and Hispanics.12

Whites and Asians and Pacific Islanders had the highest

per capita incomes in 1996 at $19,181 and $17,921,

respectively. Blacks had the next highest per capita income,

$11,899, followed by Hispanics with $10,048. The per

capita income for the total population was $18,136.13

10The decline of 0.7 percent between 1994 and 1995 in the median

earnings of men was not statistically significant. 11The difference between the 1990-1996 and 1993-1996 percentage

change in the earnings of men was not statistically significant.

12The differences between the 1995-1996 percentage changes in per

capita income among the race/ethnic origin groups were not statistically

significant. 13The differences between the per capita incomes of Whites and

Asians and Pacific Islanders and the total population and Asians and

Pacific Islanders were not statistically significant.

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

Figure 1.

Median Earnings of Year–Round, Full–Time Workers by Sex: 1960 to 1996

(Earnings in 1996 dollars. Amounts shown in thousands)

Shaded areas = Recessionary periods

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, March Current Population Survey.

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990

Men

Women

0

1960 1996

ix
Income Inequality

Several methods can be used to measure income

inequality, two of which have traditionally been used by the

U.S. Census Bureau: the shares of aggregate income

received by households (or other income recipient units)

and the Gini index (or index of income concentration). In

the shares approach, households are ranked from lowest

to highest on the basis of income and then divided into

groups of equal population size, typically quintiles. The

aggregate income of each group is then divided by the

overall aggregate income to derive shares. The Gini index

incorporates detailed shares data into a single statistic

which summarizes the dispersion of income across the

entire income distribution. The Gini index ranges from 0,

indicating perfect equality (where everyone receives an

equal share), to 1, perfect inequality (where all the income

is received by only one recipient or group of recipients).

Comparing the share of aggregate income received by

each quintile between 1995 and 1996 reveals that inequality in the income distributions of households remained

unchanged for all the quintile groups. (See Appendix Table

B-3.) This is the third consecutive year in which there was

no year-to-year change in overall income inequality (with

the one exception of an increase between 1994 and 1995

in the share of aggregate income received by the lowest

quintile). In 1996, the share of aggregate income received

by the lowest quintile was 3.7 percent; the share received

by the second quintile was 9.0 percent; for the third it was

15.1 percent; the fourth, 23.3 percent; and the highest

quintile, 49.0 percent.

The Gini index also indicates that, overall, the amount of

inequality in the income distribution of households remained

unchanged between 1995 and 1996. The Gini index for

1996 was 0.455. A year-to-year increase in the Gini index

has not occurred since 1993, when it was 0.454.14 (See

Table B-3.)

Since 1968, household income inequality has increased,

as reflected by several measures including the growing

14The difference between the Gini indexes for 1993 and 1996 was not

statistically significant.

Figure 2.

Share of Aggregate Household Income by Quintile: 1976, 1986, and 1996

(In percent)

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, March Current Population Survey.

1976 1996 1986 1996 1976 1996 1986 1976 1996 1986 1976 1996 1986 1976 1986

Lowest quintile Second quintile Third quintile Fourth quintile Highest quintile

Middle 60 percent

4.4

9.0 9.7 10.4

3.9 3.7

17.1

23.3

24.8 24.5

15.1 16.2

16.0 17.5 21.4

49.0

45.7

43.3

Top 5

percent

x
share of income received by the highest quintile (see

Figure 2) and the upward movement of the Gini index (see

Figure 3).15 Increasing income inequality is believed to be

related to changes taking place in the labor market and to

the composition of the households in the United States.16

An alternative way to look at the growth in inequality

over time is to compare income at selected positions in the

income distribution. As Table B shows, the household at the

95th percentile in 1996 had $119,540 in income, 8.1 times

that of the household at the 20th percentile ($14,768). In

1967, the first year the U.S. Census Bureau began reporting on the income distribution of households, the household at the 95th percentile had about 6.3 times the income

of the household at the 20th percentile.

Yet another way to look at growth in inequality is to

examine the change in average real household income for

each quintile (see Table B). The average income of households in the top quintile grew 48.9 percent, from $77,568 (in

1996 dollars) in 1967 to $115,514 in 1996. During the same

period, the average income in the bottom quintile grew by

only 22.3 percent, from $7,028 to $8,596 (in 1996 dollars).

Consequently, the ratio of the average income of the top 20

percent of households to the average income of the bottom

20 percent increased from 11.0 in 1967 to 13.4 in 1996.

State Income Data

Data on median household income by state are being

made available in response to numerous requests from

data users for subnational income estimates. The CPS is

15The sharp rise in income inequality between 1992 and 1993 shown

in Figure 2 is due in part to changes in the survey methodology that took

place in the collection of data for 1993. The 1992-93 increase in inequality

was examined in the article by Paul Ryscavage, A Surge in Growing

Income Inequality? Monthly Labor Review, August 1995. 16Long-run changes in living arrangements have taken place that tend

to exacerbate differences in household income. Among those changes

are the shift away from married-couple households and toward singleparent and nonfamily households which typically have lower incomes.

See Daniel H. Weinberg, A Brief Look at Postwar U.S. Income Inequality,

Current Population Reports, Series P60-191, June 1996.

–4

–2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Figure 3.

Percent Change in Household Gini Indexes: 1967 to 1996

(Cumulative percent change)

Shaded areas = Recessionary periods

1 Computer–assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) was introduced in January 1994. As part of the conversion, increases were

made in the limits for selected income sources. This change in methodology increased measured income in 1993 for the highest

income households by considerably more than their actual incomes rose. See Current Population Reports, Series P60–191, “A

Brief Look at Postwar U.S. Income Inequality.”

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, March Current Population Survey

1967 1979 1969 1981 1993 1971 1973 1975 1977 1 1983 1996 1985 1987 1989 1991

xi
Table B. Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 1996

[Income in 1996 dollars]

Measures of income dispersion 1996 19951 1990 1985 19802 19753 1970 1968 1967

HOUSEHOLD INCOME AT

SELECTED PERCENTILES

20th percentile upper limit.......... 14,768 14,825 15,006 14,582 14,405 14,029 14,007 13,830 12,967

50th (median)..................... 35,492 35,082 35,945 34,439 33,763 32,943 33,181 32,225 30,874

80th percentile upper limit.......... 68,015 67,047 66,271 63,881 60,434 57,221 55,698 52,805 51,181

95th percentile lower limit ......... 119,540 116,337 113,741 106,830 98,182 91,239 88,054 82,612 82,124

HOUSEHOLD INCOME RATIOS OF

SELECTED PERCENTILES

95th/20th......................... 8.09 7.85 7.58 7.33 6.82 6.50 6.29 5.97 6.33

95th/50th......................... 3.37 3.32 3.16 3.10 2.91 2.77 2.65 2.56 2.66

80th/50th......................... 1.92 1.91 1.84 1.85 1.79 1.74 1.68 1.64 1.66

80th/20th......................... 4.61 4.52 4.42 4.38 4.20 4.08 3.98 3.82 3.95

20th/50th......................... 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.42

MEAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME OF

QUINTILES

Lowest quintile.................... 8,596 8,597 8,637 8,453 8,547 8,470 7,708 7,624 7,028

Second quintile ................... 21,097 20,999 21,644 20,896 20,626 20,112 20,496 20,151 19,161

Third quintile ..................... 35,486 35,113 35,751 34,610 33,948 32,907 33,006 31,958 30,593

Fourth quintile .................... 54,922 53,977 53,902 52,048 49,985 47,787 46,527 44,585 42,804

Highest quintile ................... 115,514 112,642 104,604 96,008 87,797 83,221 82,378 78,084 77,568

SHARES OF HOUSEHOLD

INCOME OF QUINTILES

Lowest quintile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.0

Second quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 9.1 9.6 9.7 10.3 10.5 10.8 11.1 10.8

Third quintile ..................... 15.1 15.2 15.9 16.3 16.9 17.1 17.4 17.5 17.3

Fourth quintile .................... 23.3 23.3 24.0 24.6 24.9 24.8 24.5 24.4 24.2

Highest quintile ................... 49.0 48.7 46.6 45.3 43.7 43.2 43.3 42.8 43.8

Gini coefficient of income inequality . 0.455 0.450 0.428 0.419 0.403 0.397 0.394 0.388 0.399

1

Reflects the implementation of 1990 census adjusted population controls, 1990 census sample redesign, a change in data collection method from

paper-pencil to computer-assisted interviewing (CAI), and changes in income reporting limits. For detailed information concerning the impact of CAI and

increased reporting limits, see Current Population Reports, Series P60-191, A Brief Look at Postwar U.S. Income Inequality. 2

Reflects implementation of 1980 census population controls.

3

Reflects implementation of 1970 census population controls.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, March Current Population Survey. Data not available prior to 1967.

designed to collect reliable data primarily at the national

level and secondarily at the regional level. State estimates

of income are considerably less reliable and, therefore,

caution should be used when interpreting these results. To

reduce the chances of misinterpreting annual changes in

state income estimates, the U.S. Census Bureau recommends evaluating changes based on 2-year moving averages, which are shown in Table C, along with their respective standard errors.

Based on the two 2-year averages (1994-1995 and

1995-1996), real median household income increased

significantly for nine states—Alaska, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island,

and South Carolina. Median household income declined

for three states—New Mexico, Vermont, and Wyoming.

Median household income did not change significantly for

any of the remaining states or the District of Columbia.

When comparing the relative ranking of states, the U.S.

Census Bureau recommends using 3-year averages to

reduce the chance of misinterpreting the results. Doing so

for 1994-1996 shows that median household income for

Alaska was higher than that of the remaining 49 states and

the District of Columbia. Conversely, the median household

income for West Virginia, although not statistically different

from the median for Arkansas, New Mexico, and Mississippi, was lower than that of the remaining 46 states and

the District of Columbia. The relative standing of the

remaining states and the District of Columbia is less clear

because of sampling variability surrounding the estimates.

Biennial estimates of median household income for

states based on models using data from the CPS, the

1990 decennial census, and administrative records are

available on the Internet for income year 1993 at:

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe.html

Estimates for 1995 will be released in the spring of 1998.

VALUATION OF NONCASH BENEFITS

Traditionally, income data presented in U.S. Census

Bureau reports have been based on the amount of money

received during a calendar year before taxes and excluding

xii
Table C. Median Income of Households by State

[In 1996 dollars]

State

Three-year average

1994-1996

Two-year moving averages Differences in 2-year

moving averages

1995-1996 1994-1995 1995-96 less 1994-95

Median

income

Standard

error

Median

income

Standard

error

Median

income

Standard

error Difference

Percent

change

United States ................ 34,911 127 35,287 157 34,620 148 * 667 * 1.9

Alabama ............................ 28,618 981 28,530 1,052 27,776 1,218 755 2.7

Alaska .............................. 50,060 1,311 51,075 1,633 48,700 1,505 * 2,375 * 4.9

Arizona ............................. 32,180 837 31,706 1,099 32,452 926 –747 –2.3

Arkansas............................ 26,922 702 26,850 824 26,821 833 29 0.1

California............................ 38,106 518 38,457 642 37,754 575 704 1.9

Colorado ............................ 40,971 1,047 41,429 1,205 40,981 1,286 448 1.1

Connecticut ......................... 42,353 1,688 41,775 2,238 42,471 1,664 –696 –1.6

Delaware............................ 37,749 1,092 37,634 1,365 36,969 1,313 665 1.8

District of Columbia .................. 31,835 924 31,811 1,153 31,770 981 41 0.1

Florida .............................. 30,759 425 30,632 471 30,819 534 –187 –0.6

Georgia ............................. 33,639 899 33,801 1,084 34,210 924 –409 –1.2

Hawaii .............................. 43,541 1,337 42,944 1,334 44,426 1,638 –1,482 –3.3

Idaho ............................... 33,912 889 34,175 1,024 33,514 1,029 661 2.0

Illinois .............................. 38,630 665 39,375 827 38,168 718 * 1,207 * 3.2

Indiana ............................. 33,004 918 34,759 1,145 31,932 1,066 * 2,827 * 8.9

Iowa ................................ 34,933 886 34,889 1,038 35,795 961 –906 –2.5

Kansas ............................. 31,269 817 31,911 1,000 30,611 853 1,300 4.2

Kentucky ............................ 30,420 866 31,552 1,080 29,423 933 * 2,129 * 7.2

Louisiana ........................... 28,740 926 29,518 992 27,979 1,122 1,540 5.5

Maine............................... 33,883 919 34,777 958 33,477 1,138 1,300 3.9

Maryland ............................ 42,582 1,347 43,123 1,760 41,876 1,298 1,247 3.0

Massachusetts....................... 40,695 1,082 39,604 1,423 41,296 1,091 –1,692 –4.1

Michigan ............................ 38,027 684 38,364 890 37,429 723 935 2.5

Minnesota ........................... 38,554 1,093 40,022 1,299 37,336 1,380 * 2,686 * 7.2

Mississippi .......................... 26,963 749 27,000 978 27,107 765 –107 –0.4

Missouri............................. 34,027 1,034 35,059 1,203 33,908 1,209 1,152 3.4

Montana ............................ 28,838 930 28,631 1,117 28,915 1,011 –285 –1.0

Nebraska ........................... 33,858 900 33,958 1,108 33,781 974 177 0.5

Nevada ............................. 37,889 1,062 37,845 1,222 37,563 1,225 282 0.7

New Hampshire...................... 39,016 1,224 39,868 1,371 38,821 1,460 1,047 2.7

New Jersey ......................... 45,817 894 46,345 1,094 44,992 1,058 1,353 3.0

New Mexico ......................... 26,776 859 25,922 913 27,621 1,070 * –1,699 *–6.2

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,395 471 34,707 609 33,888 514 * 819 * 2.4

North Carolina ....................... 33,469 619 34,262 790 32,403 669 * 1,860 * 5.7

North Dakota ........................ 30,452 846 30,709 1,001 29,943 1,000 766 2.6

Ohio ................................ 34,589 645 35,022 855 34,849 681 173 0.5

Oklahoma ........................... 27,700 757 27,263 821 27,832 906 –569 –2.0

Oregon ............................. 35,414 801 36,470 937 35,376 903 1,095 3.1

Pennsylvania ........................ 34,797 552 35,221 693 34,746 573 476 1.4

Rhode Island ........................ 35,730 909 36,695 1,012 35,103 1,156 * 1,592 4.5

South Carolina....................... 32,064 951 32,297 1,169 30,764 1,089 * 1,534 5.0

South Dakota ........................ 30,485 940 29,989 1,109 30,965 1,202 –976 –3.2

Tennessee .......................... 30,327 820 30,331 985 30,096 985 235 0.8

Texas ............................... 32,872 489 33,029 583 32,773 553 256 0.8

Utah ................................ 37,469 781 37,298 941 37,685 842 –388 –1.0

Vermont............................. 35,028 1,064 33,591 1,039 36,364 1,371 * –2,773 * –7.6

Virginia ............................. 38,787 1,049 38,252 1,188 38,575 1,255 –323 –0.8

Washington.......................... 36,265 967 36,647 1,194 36,060 1,047 587 1.6

West Virginia ........................ 25,270 801 25,431 910 25,281 904 150 0.6

Wisconsin ........................... 39,877 1,043 41,083 1,294 39,815 1,111 1,268 3.2

Wyoming............................ 32,833 957 31,707 838 33,773 1,304 * –2,066 * –6.1

New York, NY CMSA ................. 38,921 513 39,232 591 38,086 598 * 1,147 * 3.0

Los Angeles, CA CMSA............... 36,915 567 36,917 635 36,943 719 –26 –0.1

*Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, March Current Population Survey.

xiii
capital gains, but this restricted definition of income does

not provide a completely satisfactory measure of the

distribution of income. Over time, changes in tax laws and

increased participation in various noncash benefit programs have had an impact on the economic well-being of

the population. In the early 1980s, the U.S. Census Bureau

embarked on a research program to examine the effects of

taxes and of noncash transfer benefits on income distributional measures.

Estimates of tax data in this report are based on four

types of modeled data: 1) federal individual income taxes,

2) state individual income taxes, 3) property taxes on

owner-occupied housing, and 4) payroll taxes. Also, income

measures that include the valuation of various noncash

benefits such as food stamps, school lunches, housing

subsidies, medicare, medicaid, employer contributions to

health insurance, and net imputed return on home equity

are also presented.17 Statistically significant increases in

real median household income occurred between 1995

and 1996 under 6 of the 15 definitions of income shown in

Table D.

Distributional Effects

Taxes, government transfers, and other benefits have

substantial effects on the level of income as well as the

distribution of income. These effects can be seen by

examining distributional changes under the different definitions of income used in this section. Tables D, E, and F and

Table 12 show data on the distribution of income under

those alternative definitions.

Definition 1 is the official definition of income. It is based

on money income before taxes and includes government

cash transfers. Under definition 1, 3.7 percent of aggregate

household income was received by the lowest quintile, 8.9

percent by the second quintile, 15.2 percent by the third

quintile, 23.2 percent by the fourth quintile, and 49.0

percent by the highest quintile (see Table E). In 1996, the

Gini index for all households under definition 1 was 0.447.18

The exclusion of cash transfers, the addition of net

capital gains, and the addition of employer contributions to

health insurance (definition 4) reveals a distribution of

income generated by the private sector which was moreunequal than the distribution under the official definition of

income (see Table E). Under definition 4, shares of income

received by the lowest two quintiles of households declined

from that of definition 1 (from 3.7 percent to 0.9 percent,

and from 8.9 percent to 7.2 percent, respectively), while

shares of income received by the two highest quintiles

17For more information on the methodology and procedures used to

estimate taxes and to value noncash benefits, see P60-186RD, Measuring the Effect of Benefits and Taxes on Income and Poverty: 1992.

18Two methods are used in this report to estimate shares of aggregate

income received by each quintile and the Gini index. The first method

incorporates the use of actual sorted household data resulting in a Gini

index of 0.454 and quintile shares of 3.7, 9.0, 15.1, 23.3, and 49.0. The

second method uses grouped data and employs several interpolation

routines resulting in a Gini index of 0.447 and quintile shares of 3.7, 8.9,

15.2, 23.2, and 49.0. The grouped data method was used throughout this

report for calculating Gini indexes as they appear with other income

summary measures in the detailed tables, as well as for share estimates

under the alternative definitions of income.

Table D. Median Household Income by Definition: 1995 and 1996

[Medians are in 1996 dollars]

Definition of income

Median income

Percent change 1995-

1996 1995 1996

INCOME BEFORE TAXES

1. Money income excluding capital gains (official measure)................... 35,492 35,082 * 1.2

2. Definition 1 less government cash transfers .............................. 32,093 31,844 0.8

3. Definition 2 plus capital gains........................................... 32,296 32,000 0.9

4. Definition 3 plus health insurance supplements to wage or salary income.... 34,375 33,788 * 1.7

INCOME AFTER TAXES

5. Definition 4 less social security payroll taxes ............................. 32,155 31,702 * 1.4

6. Definition 5 less federal income taxes (excluding the EIC) ................. 29,672 29,231 * 1.5

7. Definition 6 plus the earned income credit (EIC) .......................... 29,813 29,378 * 1.5

8. Definition 7 less state income taxes ..................................... 28,982 28,592 * 1.4

9. Definition 8 plus nonmeans-tested government cash transfers .............. 32,016 31,804 0.7

10. Definition 9 plus the value of medicare ................................. 33,769 33,510 0.8

11. Definition 10 plus the value of regular-price school lunches ............... 33,781 33,525 0.8

12. Definition 11 plus means-tested government cash transfers ............... 33,983 33,728 0.8

13. Definition 12 plus the value of medicaid ................................ 34,376 34,128 0.7

14. Definition 13 plus the value of other means-tested government noncash

transfers .......................................................... 34,519 34,289 0.7

15. Definition 14 plus net imputed return on equity in own home .............. 36,360 36,300 0.2

*Significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, March Current Population Survey.

xiv
increased (from 23.2 percent to 23.9 percent, and from

49.0 percent to 53.4 percent, respectively). The Gini index

under this definition of income, 0.511, was 14.3 percent

higher than the index under the official income definition

(0.447).

The net effect of deducting social security payroll taxes,

federal individual income taxes, state individual income

taxes, and adding the earned income credit reduced income

inequality. This result is shown by definition 8. The share of

income going to the lowest quintile increased (from 0.9

percent to 1.2 percent) and declined in the highest quintile

(from 53.4 percent to 50.1 percent). This reduced the Gini

index for 1996 from that of definition 4 by 5.5 percent, from

0.511 to 0.483.

Nonmeans-tested transfers had a significantly greater

effect on reducing income inequality. Those transfers lowered the Gini index by 13.9 percent, from 0.483 to 0.416.

This is evident by comparing definition 11 estimates with

definition 8 estimates. Including those benefits increased

the share of income going to the lowest quintile (from 1.2

percent to 3.9 percent) and lowered the share of income

going to the highest quintile (from 50.1 percent to 45.9

percent).

Definition 14 shows that the net effect of adding meanstested transfers was also to reduce income inequality. The

share of income in the lowest quintile increased from 3.9

percent to 4.9 percent, and the share of income going to

the highest quintile decreased from 45.9 percent to 45.0

percent. The Gini index declined 4.3 percent from 0.416 to

0.398.

An important finding of the Census Bureau’s tax and

benefit research is that government transfers have a

significantly greater impact on lowering income inequality

than the tax system. In 1996, subtracting taxes lowered the

Gini index by 5.5 percent (from 0.511 to 0.483), while

including transfers lowered the Gini index by 17.6 percent

(from 0.483 to 0.398). The inclusion of net imputed return

on home equity had a minimal effect on the Gini index, as

shown by definition 15.

Effects on Selected Population Groups

Different income definitions result in quite different income

distributions and summary measures of income inequality

for households with selected characteristics. As shown by

the data presented in Table F, taxes and transfers affect

income comparisons between population subgroups to

varying degrees.

Under the official income definition, the median household income of Blacks ($23,482) was 63 percent that of

Whites ($37,161). Subtracting cash transfers and adding

capital gains and health insurance supplements (definition

4) reduced the percentage to 61. The subtraction of federal

and state income taxes and payroll taxes (definition 8)

results in an increase to 66 percent, and the addition of

cash (definition 11) and noncash transfers (definition 14)

results in a further increase (in the Black-to-White income

percentage) to 70 percent.

Based on the official income definition, the median

income of Hispanic-origin households ($24,906) was 67

percent of the median for White households ($37,161). A

definition of income that is broadened to include the effects

of taxes and transfers (definition 14), increased the percentage to 74.

Differences in income percentages by income definition

can be also observed across different household compositions. Under the official income definition, the median

income of households with a female householder, no

husband present, with children was 35 percent that of

married-couple households with children. Based on a

definition of income that includes the effect of taxes and

transfers (definition 14), the percentage increased to 46.

Table E. Percentage of Aggregate Income Received by Income Quintiles and Gini Index by Definition of

Income: 1996

Definition of income

Quintiles

Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest Gini index

Definition 1 (official measure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 8.9 15.2 23.2 49.0 .447

Definition 4 (definition 1 less government cash

transfers plus capital gains and employee health

benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 7.2 14.5 23.9 53.4 .511

Definition 8 (definition 4 less taxes). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 8.4 15.7 24.6 50.1 .483

Definition 11 (definition 8 plus nonmeans-tested

government cash transfers). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 10.5 16.3 23.5 45.9 .416

Definition 14 (definition 11 plus means-tested

government cash transfers). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 10.8 16.2 23.2 45.0 .398

Definition 15 (definition 14 plus return on home equity) . 5.1 10.8 16.2 23.3 44.6 .392

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, March 1997 Current Population Survey.

xv
The importance of income definitions (to income) is

particularly evident for households with children and elderly

members. Under definition 1, median money income for

households with children under 18 years of age was

$41,955 in 1996, while for households with members 65

years old and over it was $20,985 — or half as much.

Subtracting cash transfers and adding capital gains and

employer-provided health insurance (definition 4) lowered

the ratio from 50 percent to 20 percent, while subtracting

taxes (definition 8) raised it to 23 percent. Adding cash

(definition 11) and noncash transfers (definition 14) tripled

it, bringing it to 68 percent, and adding the return on home

equity (definition 15) resulted in a further increase to 73

percent.

COMMENTS FROM DATA USERS

We are interested in your reaction to the usefulness of

the information provided in this report and welcome your

recommendations for improving our products. If you have

suggestions or comments, please complete the questionnaire at the beginning of this report or write to:

Edward J. Welniak

Chief, Income Statistics Branch

Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division

U.S. Bureau of the Census

Washington, DC 20233-8500

edward.j.welniak.jr@census. gov

SYMBOLS USED IN TABLES

– Represents zero or rounds to zero.

B Base less than 75,000.

NA Not available.

r Revised.

X Not applicable.

Table F. Median Income Using Different Definitions for Households With Selected Characteristics: 1996

[Dollars]

Characteristics

Definition 1

(Official

measure)

Definition 4

(Definition 1

less

government

cash transfers

plus capital

gains and

employee

health

benefits)

Definition 8

(Definition 4

less taxes)

Definition 11

(Definition 8

plus

nonmeanstested

government

cash transfers)

Definition 14

(Definition 11

plus

means-tested

government

cash transfers)

Definition 15

(Definition 14

plus return on

home equity)

All households ......................... 35,492 34,375 28,982 33,781 34,519 36,360

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF

HOUSEHOLDER

White ....................................... 37,161 36,262 30,423 35,345 35,917 37,892

Black ....................................... 23,482 22,072 19,995 22,971 24,965 25,868

Asian or Pacific Islander ...................... 43,276 44,611 36,799 38,880 39,614 41,648

Hispanic origin1 .............................. 24,906 24,407 22,486 24,457 26,401 27,208

TYPE OF HOUSEHOLD

Married-couple households with related children

under 18 ................................... 51,894 54,877 45,700 46,854 47,373 49,027

Female householder, no husband present with

related children under 18..................... 18,261 16,906 17,323 18,992 21,883 22,356

AGE OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

With members 65 years old and over ........... 20,985 8,806 8,504 26,479 27,039 30,258

With related children under 18 ................. 41,955 44,070 37,454 38,907 39,936 41,209

1

Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, March 1997 Current Population Survey.

xvi
TIPS PS [HHE_CPAS,C_CARBAUGH 7/ 1/97 16:01:16 DSVX01 TLP:INCOME97.TLP;2 7/ 1/97 11:53:28 DATA:COMBINED.DAT;2 7/ 1/97 16:00:58 PSC:TIPS_16005879_01.PSC PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 UTF:TIPS93~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 META:TIPS96~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:01:10

Table 1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin

of Householder: 1996, 1995, and 1994

[Households as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1995~1996)

ALL RACES

All households 101 .................... 018 35 492 179 99 627 34 076 197 98 990 32 264 146 * 1.2

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 80 ................ 950 37 640 245 79 875 36 079 198 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 1.3 1 million or more 53 ..................... 760 39 815 327 53 007 37 903 294 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 2.0 Inside central cities 19 ................. 934 30 150 385 19 792 28 633 383 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2.3

Outside central cities 33 ............... 825 45 526 365 33 215 44 073 432 (NA) (NA) (NA) .3 Under 1 million 27 ...................... 190 34 430 402 26 868 32 643 336 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 2.4 Inside central cities 11 ................. 413 30 659 405 11 193 29 478 503 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.0

Outside central cities 15 ............... 778 37 399 456 15 674 35 422 399 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 2.6 Outside metropolitan areas 20 .............. 068 28 089 395 19 753 27 776 402 (NA) (NA) (NA) –1.8

Region

Northeast 19 .............................. 724 37 406 456 19 695 36 111 359 19 593 34 926 406 .6

Midwest 23 ............................... 972 36 579 365 23 707 35 839 356 23 683 32 505 303 –.9

South 35 ................................. 693 32 422 288 35 143 30 942 256 34 766 30 021 259 * 1.8

West 21 .................................. 629 37 125 387 21 082 35 979 407 20 948 34 452 411 .2

Type of Household

Family households 70 ...................... 241 43 082 251 69 594 41 224 208 69 305 39 390 230 * 1.5

Married~couple families 53 ............... 604 49 858 290 53 567 47 129 228 53 858 45 041 242 * 2.8

Male householder, no wife

present 3 ............................ 847 35 658 909 3 513 33 534 964 3 226 30 472 758 3.3

Female householder, no husband

present 12 ............................ 790 21 564 326 12 514 21 348 328 12 220 19 872 339 –1.9

Nonfamily households 30 ................... 777 20 973 205 30 033 19 929 216 29 686 18 947 208 * 2.2

Male householder 13 .................... 707 27 266 315 13 348 26 023 316 13 190 24 593 354 1.8

Living alone 10 ....................... 442 24 050 401 10 288 22 586 382 10 140 21 216 294 * 3.4

Female householder 17 ................. 070 16 398 219 16 685 15 892 208 16 496 14 948 206 .2

Living alone 14 ....................... 961 14 626 183 14 612 14 331 177 14 592 13 431 190 –.9

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 79 ......................... 610 40 941 188 78 141 39 148 217 77 625 37 247 173 * 1.6 15 to 24 years 5 ....................... 160 21 438 417 5 282 20 979 462 5 444 19 340 403 –.7 25 to 34 years 19 ....................... 314 35 888 355 19 225 34 701 378 19 453 33 151 359 .5 35 to 44 years 23 ....................... 823 44 420 446 23 226 43 465 406 22 914 41 667 310 –.7 45 to 54 years 18 ....................... 843 50 472 484 18 008 48 058 525 17 590 47 261 473 * 2.0

55 to 64 years 12 ....................... 469 39 815 615 12 401 38 077 545 12 224 35 232 497 1.6

65 years and over 21 ...................... 408 19 449 208 21 486 19 096 203 21 365 18 095 192 –1.1

65 to 74 years 11 ....................... 679 23 411 339 11 908 23 031 384 11 803 21 422 270 –1.3

75 years and over 9 ................... 729 15 995 246 9 578 15 342 237 9 562 14 731 188 1.3

Size of Household

One person 25 ............................ 402 17 897 225 24 900 17 063 171 24 732 16 222 174 1.9 Two persons 32 ........................... 736 37 283 303 32 526 35 700 266 31 834 33 955 290 1.4 Three persons 17 .......................... 065 44 814 422 16 724 42 244 428 16 827 41 043 463 * 3.0 Four persons 15 ........................... 396 51 405 392 15 118 49 531 523 15 321 46 757 432 .8 Five persons 6 ........................... 774 47 841 841 6 631 45 710 794 6 616 44 135 763 1.7 Six persons 2 ............................ 311 42 438 1 277 2 357 44 263 1 593 2 279 42 683 1 186 * –6.9 Seven persons or more 1 .................. 334 40 337 1 458 1 372 39 013 1 631 1 382 36 622 1 764 .4

Number of Earners

No earners 21 ............................. 228 13 320 143 21 281 13 102 139 21 404 12 175 116 –1.3

One earner 34 ............................ 026 27 895 237 33 538 27 567 209 32 973 26 210 173 * –1.7

Two earners or more 45 .................... 764 55 547 262 44 809 52 813 292 44 614 51 093 219 * 2.2

Two earners 35 ........................ 753 52 416 276 35 320 50 000 274 34 986 47 734 310 * 1.8

Three earners 7 ....................... 455 62 428 655 6 982 63 191 685 7 257 60 421 558 * –4.0

Four earners or more 2 ................. 556 78 504 1 349 2 507 74 243 1 463 2 370 74 276 1 047 2.7

Work Experience of Householder

Total 101 ............................ 018 35 492 179 99 627 34 076 197 98 990 32 264 146 * 1.2

Worked 72 ................................ 377 43 975 237 71 070 42 141 193 70 505 40 622 182 * 1.4

Worked year–round, full~time 52 .......... 699 49 530 307 51 972 47 069 224 51 383 45 727 218 * 2.2

Did not work 28 ........................... 641 16 730 171 28 557 16 377 163 28 486 15 270 167 –.8

Tenure

Owner occupied 66 ........................ 356 43 793 266 65 143 41 832 220 64 045 40 299 214 * 1.7

Renter occupied 32 ........................ 968 23 436 228 32 768 22 563 235 33 159 21 534 178 .9

Occupier paid no cash rent 1 ............... 693 21 479 790 1 716 19 910 859 1 787 18 462 932 4.8

INCOMEnnnnn1
TIPS PS [HHE_CPAS,C_CARBAUGH 7/ 1/97 16:01:16 DSVX01 TLP:INCOME97.TLP;2 7/ 1/97 11:53:28 DATA:COMBINED.DAT;2 7/ 1/97 16:00:58 PSC:TIPS_16005879_01.PSC PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 UTF:TIPS93~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 META:TIPS96~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:01:10

Table 1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin

of Householder: 1996, 1995, and 1994mCon.

[Households as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1995~1996)

WHITE

All households 85 .................... 059 37 161 191 84 511 35 766 186 83 737 34 028 191 .9

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 67 ................ 006 40 113 238 66 648 38 103 246 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 2.3 1 million or more 43 ..................... 436 42 207 286 43 307 40 508 288 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.2 Inside central cities 13 ................. 622 33 213 655 13 830 31 631 424 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2.0

Outside central cities 29 ............... 813 46 460 389 29 477 45 146 408 (NA) (NA) (NA) – Under 1 million 23 ...................... 570 36 222 381 23 341 34 439 369 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 2.2 Inside central cities 9 ................. 095 32 943 653 8 986 32 005 446 (NA) (NA) (NA) –

Outside central cities 14 ............... 475 38 051 492 14 355 35 894 410 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 3.0 Outside metropolitan areas 18 .............. 053 29 536 405 17 863 28 891 425 (NA) (NA) (NA) –.7

Region

Northeast 16 .............................. 848 40 120 518 16 959 37 772 476 16 962 36 477 390 * 3.2

Midwest 21 ............................... 254 38 057 473 21 095 37 220 381 20 950 34 103 325 –.7

South 28 ................................. 382 35 214 365 28 297 32 917 369 27 721 32 095 271 * 3.9

West 18 .................................. 575 37 281 439 18 160 36 390 448 18 103 35 063 410 –.5

Type of Household

Family households 58 ...................... 934 45 382 244 58 869 43 265 256 58 437 41 334 209 * 1.9

Married~couple families 47 ............... 650 50 302 250 47 873 47 608 295 47 899 45 555 253 * 2.6

Male householder, no wife

present 2 ............................ 944 36 938 887 2 712 35 129 947 2 507 32 227 896 2.1

Female householder, no husband

present 8 ............................ 339 24 375 407 8 284 24 431 463 8 031 22 605 410 –3.1

Nonfamily households 26 ................... 125 21 536 222 25 642 20 585 231 25 300 19 783 224 1.6

Male householder 11 .................... 481 28 520 486 11 367 26 898 336 11 093 25 756 320 * 3.0

Living alone 8 ....................... 730 25 098 378 8 728 23 552 465 8 453 22 153 317 * 3.5

Female householder 14 ................. 644 16 765 227 14 275 16 325 221 14 207 15 521 245 –.2

Living alone 12 ....................... 783 14 890 194 12 465 14 667 179 12 547 13 912 192 –1.4

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 65 ......................... 877 43 353 253 65 186 41 481 213 64 558 39 852 236 * 1.5 15 to 24 years 4 ....................... 040 22 606 523 4 254 22 203 465 4 365 20 769 382 –1.1 25 to 34 years 15 ....................... 661 38 283 435 15 730 36 912 377 15 845 35 518 303 .7 35 to 44 years 19 ....................... 642 47 046 389 19 373 45 924 386 18 978 44 397 457 –.5 45 to 54 years 15 ....................... 936 52 750 575 15 214 50 607 556 14 796 50 019 536 1.2

55 to 64 years 10 ....................... 598 42 027 583 10 614 40 150 571 10 574 36 817 482 1.7

65 years and over 19 ...................... 182 19 977 230 19 326 19 590 205 19 179 18 670 198 –.9

65 to 74 years 10 ....................... 366 24 169 355 10 583 23 816 403 10 479 22 122 282 –1.4

75 years and over 8 ................... 816 16 402 246 8 743 15 807 240 8 700 15 084 232 .8

Size of Household

One person 21 ............................ 513 18 426 235 21 194 17 512 211 21 000 16 818 187 2.2 Two persons 28 ........................... 534 39 039 393 28 615 36 939 282 27 988 35 279 272 * 2.7 Three persons 14 .......................... 042 47 529 541 13 873 44 997 480 13 931 43 541 451 * 2.6 Four persons 12 ........................... 739 53 704 649 12 659 51 611 409 12 841 49 293 596 1.1 Five persons 5 ........................... 459 51 102 842 5 350 49 073 969 5 312 47 990 893 1.1 Six persons 1 ............................ 831 44 782 1 906 1 856 47 249 1 820 1 751 45 786 1 165 * –7.9 Seven persons or more 941 .................. 45 241 1 865 965 41 109 1 315 913 39 018 1 875 6.9

Number of Earners

No earners 17 ............................. 815 14 579 151 17 964 14 267 144 18 065 13 412 147 –.7

One earner 27 ............................ 854 29 592 254 27 639 29 175 248 27 018 27 775 249 –1.5

Two earners or more 39 .................... 391 56 521 288 38 907 53 990 306 38 654 51 999 234 * 1.7

Two earners 30 ........................ 828 53 362 332 30 701 50 910 263 30 389 48 934 346 * 1.8

Three earners 6 ....................... 356 63 919 827 6 058 64 311 686 6 219 61 697 577 * –3.5

Four earners or more 2 ................. 207 78 898 1 512 2 149 75 092 1 690 2 046 74 832 1 168 2.1

Work Experience of Householder

Total 85 ............................ 059 37 161 191 84 511 35 766 186 83 737 34 028 191 .9

Worked 61 ................................ 132 45 813 231 60 560 43 946 252 59 918 42 063 192 * 1.3

Worked year–round, full~time 44 .......... 833 51 055 235 44 439 48 671 294 43 931 47 057 239 * 1.9

Did not work 23 ........................... 927 18 003 206 23 952 17 552 188 23 819 16 560 175 –.4

Tenure

Owner occupied 58 ........................ 826 44 540 279 58 282 42 383 251 57 449 40 788 223 * 2.1

Renter occupied 24 ........................ 802 24 967 254 24 798 24 396 301 24 793 23 005 233 –.6

Occupier paid no cash rent 1 ............... 432 22 110 881 1 430 20 459 792 1 494 19 514 964 5.0

2nnnnnINCOME
TIPS PS [HHE_CPAS,C_CARBAUGH 7/ 1/97 16:01:16 DSVX01 TLP:INCOME97.TLP;2 7/ 1/97 11:53:28 DATA:COMBINED.DAT;2 7/ 1/97 16:00:58 PSC:TIPS_16005879_01.PSC PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 UTF:TIPS93~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 META:TIPS96~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:01:10

Table 1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin

of Householder: 1996, 1995, and 1994mCon.

[Households as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1995~1996)

BLACK

All households 12 .................... 109 23 482 462 11 577 22 393 382 11 655 21 027 391 1.9

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 10 ................ 492 25 019 485 10 080 23 246 459 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 4.5 1 million or more 7 ..................... 739 25 693 537 7 310 24 687 576 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.1 Inside central cities 4 ................. 999 21 573 605 4 825 20 721 569 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.1

Outside central cities 2 ............... 740 34 448 1 073 2 484 34 461 1 458 (NA) (NA) (NA) –2.9 Under 1 million 2 ...................... 753 22 957 967 2 771 20 684 568 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 7.8 Inside central cities 1 ................. 825 19 941 1 118 1 782 17 706 940 (NA) (NA) (NA) 9.4

Outside central cities 928 ............... 27 913 1 572 989 24 894 1 392 (NA) (NA) (NA) 8.9

Outside metropolitan areas 1 .............. 617 16 903 1 013 1 496 16 497 824 (NA) (NA) (NA) –.5

Region

Northeast 2 .............................. 278 22 177 836 2 165 21 947 809 2 029 23 257 1 056 –1.8

Midwest 2 ............................... 251 23 314 1 150 2 153 22 027 712 2 285 17 963 900 2.8

South 6 ................................. 519 23 277 647 6 163 22 567 602 6 284 20 603 521 .2

West 1 .................................. 061 30 176 1 939 1 096 23 416 1 441 1 057 25 716 1 188 * 25.2

Type of Household

Family households 8 ...................... 455 27 496 631 8 055 26 838 616 8 093 25 475 489 –.5

Married~couple families 3 ............... 851 42 069 1 000 3 713 41 362 710 3 842 40 432 871 –1.2

Male householder, no wife

present 657 ............................ 30 995 990 573 27 071 1 484 536 23 073 1 539 * 11.2

Female householder, no husband

present 3 ............................ 947 16 256 512 3 769 15 589 466 3 716 14 650 464 1.3

Nonfamily households 3 ................... 654 15 454 661 3 521 15 007 562 3 562 13 320 556 –

Male householder 1 .................... 669 20 525 960 1 532 19 172 847 1 653 16 868 690 4.0

Living alone 1 ....................... 303 16 447 1 058 1 235 17 017 958 1 381 15 223 750 –6.1

Female householder 1 ................. 985 12 434 654 1 989 11 872 520 1 909 10 458 495 1.7

Living alone 1 ....................... 823 11 529 559 1 819 10 958 539 1 728 9 621 389 2.2

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 10 ......................... 291 25 699 410 9 799 24 545 474 9 830 23 363 433 1.7 15 to 24 years 871 ....................... 13 246 918 774 12 825 1 056 833 11 765 680 .3 25 to 34 years 2 ....................... 687 23 275 871 2 633 21 871 691 2 674 20 348 703 3.4 35 to 44 years 3 ....................... 095 29 859 939 2 889 28 097 944 2 950 25 943 681 3.2 45 to 54 years 2 ....................... 210 33 878 1 738 2 118 30 210 1 049 2 046 31 432 884 8.9

55 to 64 years 1 ....................... 428 23 449 1 227 1 385 21 842 722 1 325 22 577 1 290 4.3

65 years and over 1 ...................... 818 14 019 450 1 777 13 246 550 1 825 12 510 532 2.8

65 to 74 years 1 ....................... 085 15 944 837 1 064 15 925 790 1 086 14 504 733 –2.8

75 years and over 733 ................... 12 102 753 713 9 866 583 739 10 269 619 * 19.1

Size of Household

One person 3 ............................ 126 13 772 478 3 055 13 229 629 3 109 11 700 438 1.1 Two persons 3 ........................... 196 24 844 944 3 034 24 133 748 3 012 22 637 742 – Three persons 2 .......................... 298 26 321 810 2 197 26 578 1 206 2 216 25 789 987 –3.8 Four persons 1 ........................... 891 32 943 1 318 1 715 32 086 1 763 1 728 29 055 1 565 –.3 Five persons 988 ........................... 31 806 1 209 919 27 630 2 099 920 26 990 1 621 11.8 Six persons 333 ............................ 30 931 1 875 366 28 028 2 929 362 30 185 2 583 7.2 Seven persons or more 277 .................. 27 317 2 842 291 28 908 1 642 308 27 761 2 927 –8.2

Number of Earners

No earners 2 ............................. 800 7 612 220 2 764 7 651 223 2 800 6 949 119 –3.4

One earner 4 ............................ 867 20 658 385 4 678 20 268 423 4 731 18 609 437 –1.0

Two earners or more 4 .................... 442 45 129 841 4 135 42 341 635 4 123 42 831 871 * 3.5

Two earners 3 ........................ 512 42 539 900 3 310 40 357 710 3 251 39 752 898 2.4

Three earners 745 ....................... 51 894 1 837 624 48 737 2 128 706 49 717 1 764 3.4

Four earners or more 185 ................. 71 429 6 961 201 67 415 4 171 166 71 191 2 754 2.9

Work Experience of Householder

Total 12 ............................ 109 23 482 462 11 577 22 393 382 11 655 21 027 391 1.9

Worked 8 ................................ 301 31 259 461 7 808 30 137 464 7 814 28 364 610 .7

Worked year–round, full~time 5 .......... 742 36 939 593 5 547 35 419 549 5 456 34 495 784 1.3

Did not work 3 ........................... 808 9 840 272 3 769 9 784 252 3 841 8 778 268 –2.3

Tenure

Owner occupied 5 ........................ 510 33 126 901 5 085 33 853 998 4 888 31 975 689 –5.0

Renter occupied 6 ........................ 400 17 130 411 6 290 16 558 379 6 547 15 501 338 .5

Occupier paid no cash rent 200 ............... 18 933 2 174 201 15 475 1 389 220 10 016 1 432 18.8

INCOMEnnnnn3
TIPS PS [HHE_CPAS,C_CARBAUGH 7/ 1/97 16:01:16 DSVX01 TLP:INCOME97.TLP;2 7/ 1/97 11:53:28 DATA:COMBINED.DAT;2 7/ 1/97 16:00:58 PSC:TIPS_16005879_01.PSC PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 UTF:TIPS93~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 META:TIPS96~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:01:10

Table 1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin

of Householder: 1996, 1995, and 1994mCon.

[Households as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1995~1996)

HISPANIC ORIGIN1

All households 8 .................... 225 24 906 482 7 939 22 860 498 7 735 23 421 435 * 5.8

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 7 ................ 475 25 362 506 7 228 23 081 545 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 6.7 1 million or more 5 ..................... 587 26 318 595 5 469 23 884 655 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 7.0 Inside central cities 2 ................. 995 21 903 591 2 971 19 976 573 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 6.5 Outside central cities 2 ............... 592 32 013 815 2 498 30 556 865 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.8 Under 1 million 1 ...................... 888 22 367 935 1 759 21 042 933 (NA) (NA) (NA) 3.2 Inside central cities 1 ................. 126 21 823 1 107 1 024 21 124 1 281 (NA) (NA) (NA) .3

Outside central cities 762 ............... 23 334 1 447 735 20 941 1 322 (NA) (NA) (NA) 8.2

Outside metropolitan areas 750 .............. 20 244 1 606 711 21 373 1 329 (NA) (NA) (NA) –8.0

Region

Northeast 1 .............................. 424 20 859 1 041 1 368 19 936 1 129 1 291 19 021 871 1.6

Midwest 592 ............................... 30 177 1 745 535 27 777 2 056 495 29 482 1 465 5.5

South 2 ................................. 797 24 814 802 2 725 21 907 634 2 589 22 620 712 * 10.0

West 3 .................................. 412 25 619 759 3 311 24 368 783 3 360 24 389 641 2.1

Type of Household

Family households 6 ...................... 631 27 152 541 6 287 25 491 541 6 200 25 210 506 * 3.5

Married~couple families 4 ............... 520 32 379 756 4 247 30 195 631 4 235 29 915 709 * 4.2

Male householder, no wife

present 494 ............................ 28 322 1 522 436 25 053 2 665 479 25 596 1 430 9.8

Female householder, no husband

present 1 ............................ 617 14 535 695 1 604 14 755 661 1 485 13 200 738 –4.3

Nonfamily households 1 ................... 593 15 705 757 1 652 13 780 719 1 535 15 789 760 * 10.7

Male householder 854 .................... 19 323 1 394 865 17 339 1 214 790 21 712 1 371 8.2

Living alone 575 ....................... 14 506 1 240 602 14 181 1 117 541 17 474 1 553 –.6

Female householder 740 ................. 11 770 958 787 10 196 725 745 9 757 674 12.1

Living alone 621 ....................... 9 746 619 658 8 908 522 615 8 382 512 6.3

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 7 ......................... 329 26 368 489 7 041 24 399 551 6 846 24 949 464 * 5.0 15 to 24 years 687 ....................... 17 200 858 749 16 854 917 674 16 713 945 –.9 25 to 34 years 2 ....................... 263 26 444 705 2 195 23 187 987 2 237 23 780 842 * 10.8 35 to 44 years 2 ....................... 229 27 781 974 2 109 26 492 882 1 950 28 225 1 525 1.9 45 to 54 years 1 ....................... 296 30 709 1 641 1 181 29 441 1 579 1 232 29 208 1 289 1.3

55 to 64 years 854 ....................... 26 294 1 956 808 22 859 1 839 755 24 536 1 393 11.7

65 years and over 895 ...................... 14 006 1 045 898 13 513 743 889 13 121 684 .7

65 to 74 years 611 ....................... 16 104 1 035 609 14 561 1 249 607 13 776 956 7.4

75 years and over 284 ................... 11 337 934 289 12 277 1 212 282 12 068 1 162 –10.3

Size of Household

One person 1 ............................ 195 11 894 632 1 260 11 074 578 1 156 11 598 634 4.3 Two persons 1 ........................... 815 22 258 803 1 788 22 127 828 1 674 21 821 894 –2.3 Three persons 1 .......................... 650 27 078 1 143 1 528 22 977 1 114 1 494 25 150 841 * 14.5 Four persons 1 ........................... 632 30 048 1 054 1 508 27 903 1 294 1 582 26 720 1 269 4.6 Five persons 995 ........................... 30 356 1 152 964 26 701 1 170 960 26 801 1 138 * 10.4 Six persons 538 ............................ 27 510 1 953 523 29 114 1 425 476 31 554 2 001 –8.2 Seven persons or more 399 .................. 34 864 2 754 368 30 180 1 597 392 29 688 2 934 12.2

Number of Earners

No earners 1 ............................. 281 7 912 320 1 363 7 486 249 1 333 7 427 217 2.7

One earner 2 ............................ 959 18 883 540 2 923 18 062 509 2 771 17 722 497 1.5

Two earners or more 3 .................... 984 39 231 864 3 654 36 963 729 3 630 37 088 611 3.1

Two earners 2 ........................ 863 34 835 969 2 712 34 170 717 2 632 34 678 742 –1.0

Three earners 787 ....................... 47 044 1 735 651 43 709 2 048 730 42 013 1 602 4.5

Four earners or more 334 ................. 58 055 2 792 290 56 612 2 744 268 54 179 3 279 –.4

Work Experience of Householder

Total 8 ............................ 225 24 906 482 7 939 22 860 498 7 735 23 421 435 * 5.8

Worked 6 ................................ 058 30 226 534 5 780 28 353 648 5 635 28 984 594 * 3.5

Worked year–round, full~time 4 .......... 228 35 038 765 4 044 32 607 664 3 867 33 790 707 * 4.4

Did not work 2 ........................... 167 11 737 438 2 159 10 848 476 2 100 10 160 413 5.1

Tenure

Owner occupied 3 ........................ 543 36 481 907 3 274 34 818 848 3 278 34 561 778 1.8

Renter occupied 4 ........................ 542 18 875 555 4 529 17 388 395 4 326 17 467 454 * 5.4

Occupier paid no cash rent 139 ............... 19 154 2 231 136 16 779 1 953 131 15 134 3 365 10.9

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

4nnnnnINCOME
Table 2. Selected CharacteristicsmHouseholds by Total Money Income in 1996

[Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Median income Mean income

Total

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

All households 101 ........ 018 3 428 8 451 8 659 15 509 13 808 16 466 18 170 8 234 8 293 35 492 179 47 123 264

TYPE OF RESIDENCE

Inside metropolitan areas 80 ....... 950 2 693 6 309 6 426 11 756 10 577 13 109 15 139 7 288 7 653 37 640 245 49 889 312

Inside central cities 31 .......... 347 1 554 3 448 3 025 5 185 4 297 4 683 4 728 2 203 2 225 30 361 279 42 767 468

1 million or more 19 .......... 934 1 065 2 306 1 894 3 202 2 661 2 857 3 009 1 438 1 504 30 150 385 43 558 627

Under 1 million 11 ............ 413 488 1 142 1 132 1 983 1 636 1 826 1 720 765 721 30 659 406 41 386 672

Outside central cities 49 ......... 603 1 139 2 861 3 400 6 571 6 280 8 426 10 411 5 085 5 429 42 455 281 54 390 411

1 million or more 33 .......... 825 759 1 784 2 177 4 158 3 984 5 541 7 292 3 767 4 362 45 526 365 58 019 527

Under 1 million 15 ............ 778 381 1 077 1 223 2 413 2 295 2 885 3 118 1 319 1 066 37 399 456 46 611 619

Outside metropolitan areas 20 ..... 068 735 2 143 2 233 3 753 3 231 3 357 3 031 946 639 28 089 395 35 963 505

REGION

Northeast 19 .................... 724 705 1 768 1 611 2 689 2 492 3 096 3 670 1 677 2 015 37 406 457 51 555 662

Midwest 23 ...................... 972 642 1 829 1 973 3 700 3 335 4 037 4 696 1 978 1 783 36 579 366 46 648 498

South 35 ........................ 693 1 405 3 199 3 288 5 873 5 166 5 763 5 877 2 647 2 476 32 422 288 43 932 443

West 21 ......................... 629 676 1 656 1 787 3 246 2 815 3 569 3 927 1 932 2 019 37 125 387 48 874 571

RACE AND HISPANIC

ORIGIN OF

HOUSEHOLDER

White 85 ........................ 059 2 244 6 331 6 980 12 853 11 658 14 184 15 998 7 251 7 558 37 161 192 48 994 290

Black 12 ........................ 109 990 1 804 1 399 2 144 1 679 1 691 1 502 572 328 23 482 462 32 460 634

Hispanic origin1 ............... 8 225 421 994 980 1 731 1 230 1 231 1 009 342 286 24 906 483 34 005 787

TYPE OF HOUSEHOLD

Family households 70 ............. 241 1 730 3 140 4 154 9 407 9 448 12 593 15 225 7 190 7 352 43 082 251 54 373 338 Married~couple families 53 ....... 604 600 1 035 2 250 6 079 6 821 10 096 13 222 6 560 6 939 49 858 290 61 345 416 Male householder, no wife

present 3 ................... 847 73 223 288 666 640 786 735 253 183 35 658 909 43 751 1 146 Female householder, no

husband present 12 ........... 790 1 057 1 882 1 616 2 663 1 987 1 710 1 268 376 230 21 564 327 28 348 360 Nonfamily households 30 .......... 777 1 698 5 311 4 504 6 102 4 360 3 872 2 945 1 045 941 20 973 206 30 576 359 Male householder 13 ........... 707 553 1 513 1 534 2 592 2 315 2 218 1 750 640 591 27 266 315 37 009 574 Living alone 10 ............... 442 504 1 391 1 338 2 168 1 777 1 595 1 010 323 335 24 050 402 32 728 663 Female householder 17 ......... 070 1 144 3 798 2 971 3 509 2 045 1 654 1 195 405 349 16 398 220 25 411 445 Living alone 14 ............... 961 1 111 3 723 2 833 3 153 1 739 1 296 707 213 185 14 626 183 21 874 423

AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER

Under 65 years 79 ............... 610 2 726 4 675 5 044 10 493 10 856 14 132 16 556 7 548 7 579 40 941 188 51 921 316

15 to 24 years 5 .............. 160 426 698 636 1 220 864 702 439 100 76 21 438 417 26 789 588

25 to 34 years 19 .............. 314 715 1 075 1 345 2 940 3 322 3 756 3 966 1 274 921 35 888 355 42 897 443

35 to 44 years 23 .............. 823 609 1 102 1 239 2 789 3 173 4 474 5 545 2 563 2 330 44 420 446 55 384 608

45 to 54 years 18 .............. 843 474 880 850 1 895 2 014 3 209 4 211 2 427 2 883 50 472 484 63 580 793

55 to 64 years 12 .............. 469 502 920 975 1 649 1 484 1 991 2 395 1 184 1 369 39 815 616 52 065 801

65 years and over 21 ............. 408 702 3 777 3 614 5 016 2 952 2 334 1 614 686 714 19 448 208 29 280 361

65 to 74 years 11 .............. 679 335 1 558 1 634 2 692 1 800 1 530 1 137 474 519 23 411 339 34 014 566

75 years and over 9 ........... 729 367 2 219 1 981 2 324 1 152 804 477 212 194 15 995 246 23 598 394

Mean age of householder 48.4 ...... 46.7 56.6 55.1 50.9 46.8 45.5 44.7 46.3 47.8 (X) (X) (X) (X)

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD

One person 25 ................... 402 1 615 5 113 4 172 5 321 3 516 2 891 1 717 536 521 17 897 225 26 336 373

Two persons 32 .................. 736 829 1 577 2 420 5 541 4 945 5 823 6 261 2 710 2 629 37 283 303 48 563 462

Three persons 17 ................ 065 493 843 905 1 969 2 195 3 133 3 804 1 826 1 897 44 813 423 54 782 614

Four persons 15 ................. 396 301 535 606 1 423 1 841 2 660 3 938 2 047 2 045 51 405 393 61 966 741

Five persons 6 .................. 774 110 251 322 780 790 1 278 1 646 747 851 47 841 841 61 601 1 376

Six persons 2 ................... 311 56 82 122 288 346 425 509 247 236 42 438 1 277 56 490 2 164

Seven persons or more 1 ........ 334 24 50 111 187 174 256 295 122 114 40 337 1 458 48 574 1 472

Mean size of household 2.64 ........ 2.08 1.81 2.04 2.30 2.56 2.81 3.09 3.20 3.24 (X) (X) (X) (X)

NUMBER OF EARNERS

No earners 21 ................... 228 2 281 5 531 4 082 4 517 2 213 1 382 705 274 242 13 320 143 19 028 210 One earner 34 ................... 026 1 019 2 560 3 642 7 566 6 291 5 868 4 104 1 454 1 522 27 895 238 38 514 439 Two earners or more 45 ........... 764 127 360 934 3 426 5 304 9 216 13 361 6 506 6 529 55 547 262 66 555 430 Two earners 35 ................ 753 116 332 851 3 056 4 616 7 568 10 224 4 545 4 445 52 416 276 63 419 486 Three earners 7 ............... 455 8 28 69 332 592 1 386 2 370 1 370 1 301 62 428 656 73 702 1 054 Four earners or more 2 ........ 556 3 – 14 38 97 262 767 591 784 78 504 1 349 89 585 1 722

Mean number of earners 1.41 ....... .38 .40 .66 .98 1.32 1.64 1.97 2.15 2.20 (X) (X) (X) (X)

WORK EXPERIENCE OF

HOUSEHOLDER

Total 101 ................. 018 3 428 8 451 8 659 15 509 13 808 16 466 18 170 8 234 8 293 35 492 179 47 123 264

Worked 72 ...................... 377 994 2 515 3 987 9 529 10 416 13 686 16 216 7 458 7 576 43 975 237 55 486 334

Worked at full~time jobs 62 ...... 729 526 1 355 2 732 7 846 9 089 12 401 14 904 6 909 6 967 46 316 222 57 863 359

50 weeks or more 52 ......... 699 170 490 1 695 6 000 7 495 10 763 13 343 6 319 6 425 49 530 307 61 333 407

27 to 49 weeks 6 ............ 649 78 366 628 1 202 1 097 1 189 1 210 458 422 34 365 824 43 709 714

26 weeks or less 3 .......... 381 279 500 410 644 497 449 351 132 120 22 355 667 31 612 1 113

Worked at part~time jobs 9 ..... 648 467 1 160 1 255 1 684 1 327 1 284 1 312 549 610 26 742 496 40 032 875

50 weeks or more 4 ......... 744 115 430 596 880 677 693 671 327 355 29 719 699 43 735 1 287

27 to 49 weeks 2 ............ 240 78 309 278 362 291 311 336 142 133 27 589 1 133 40 118 1 649

26 weeks or less .......... 2 664 275 420 381 442 359 281 305 80 121 20 662 793 33 363 1 678

Did not work 28 .................. 641 2 434 5 936 4 671 5 979 3 392 2 780 1 954 776 717 16 730 171 25 988 327

See footnotes at end of table.

INCOMEnnnnn5
Table 2. Selected CharacteristicsmHouseholds by Total Money Income in 1996mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Median income Mean income

Total

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

EDUCATIONAL

ATTAINMENT2

Total 95 ................. 857 3 002 7 754 8 023 14 288 12 944 15 764 17 731 8 134 8 217 36 516 183 48 217 276

Less than 9th grade 7 ........... 628 453 1 847 1 427 1 675 945 648 435 104 93 15 376 282 21 857 366

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 9 .. 933 667 1 710 1 538 2 164 1 369 1 234 875 232 145 19 652 323 27 248 618

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 30 ................. 293 991 2 417 2 811 5 384 4 551 5 609 5 499 1 839 1 192 32 295 292 39 788 367

Some college, no degree 17 ....... 078 391 1 019 1 195 2 439 2 664 3 189 3 582 1 483 1 116 38 398 503 47 742 628

Associate degree 6 .............. 855 168 262 371 885 952 1 252 1 662 794 509 44 509 808 50 167 645

Bachelor’s degree or more 24 ...... 070 332 499 682 1 741 2 462 3 832 5 678 3 682 5 163 59 978 465 75 617 752

Bachelor’s degree 15 ........... 501 205 351 513 1 272 1 789 2 688 3 791 2 321 2 571 55 137 611 67 249 758

Master’s degree 5 ............. 705 86 103 139 332 505 827 1 395 918 1 400 63 887 1 167 78 674 1 449

Professional degree 1 ......... 631 23 28 14 68 122 184 255 210 727 90 344 2 487 125 865 5 681

Doctorate degree 1 ............ 233 18 16 16 69 46 133 236 232 465 81 159 2 893 100 208 3 765

TENURE

Owner occupied 66 ............... 356 1 345 3 450 4 344 8 530 8 568 11 355 14 365 7 061 7 339 43 793 267 55 072 346 Renter occupied 32 ............... 968 1 988 4 734 4 089 6 606 4 994 4 871 3 651 1 121 914 23 436 228 31 996 372 Occupier paid no cash rent 1 ..... 693 95 268 225 373 246 240 155 52 40 21 479 790 30 121 1 727

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

2Restricted to persons 25 years and over.

6nnnnnINCOME
Table 3. Persons in Households, by Total Household Income in 1996, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin

[Numbers in thousands. Persons in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

ALL RACES

All Ages

Total 130 ......................... 586 60 073 11 085 45 842 7 057 6 528 136 096 40 945 42 519 40 056 7 155 5 421

Less than $5,000 2 ................... 800 1 079 147 1 252 216 105 4 316 2 349 453 1 296 146 72

$5,000 to $9,999 5 ................... 761 2 508 264 2 397 385 207 9 533 5 944 772 2 162 445 211

$10,000 to $14,999 7 ................. 691 3 535 537 2 764 435 419 9 969 5 124 1 713 2 252 547 333

$15,000 to $19,999 8 ................. 034 3 813 640 2 660 475 447 9 589 4 054 2 205 2 397 569 365

$20,000 to $24,999 8 ................. 607 4 230 653 2 693 517 514 9 486 3 411 2 580 2 497 546 452

$25,000 to $29,999 8 ................. 997 4 295 765 2 944 499 495 9 227 2 951 2 722 2 563 559 431

$30,000 to $34,999 8 ................. 602 4 066 650 2 899 520 468 8 512 2 496 2 684 2 490 469 373

$35,000 to $39,999 8 ................. 188 3 911 687 2 743 462 385 8 141 2 002 2 792 2 518 445 385

$40,000 to $44,999 8 ................. 120 3 863 676 2 744 397 439 7 870 1 869 2 784 2 454 389 374

$45,000 to $49,999 7 ................. 153 3 362 601 2 414 401 375 6 802 1 458 2 556 2 127 365 296

$50,000 to $54,999 7 ................. 313 3 293 700 2 520 440 360 6 737 1 497 2 532 2 047 380 281

$55,000 to $59,999 6 ................. 212 2 787 606 2 158 367 294 5 971 1 185 2 217 1 955 325 289

$60,000 to $64,999 5 ................. 964 2 739 528 2 093 270 334 5 634 984 2 247 1 886 297 220

$65,000 to $69,999 4 ................. 998 2 216 448 1 885 218 231 4 618 777 1 896 1 570 204 172

$70,000 to $74,999 4 ................. 492 1 970 419 1 669 191 242 4 117 722 1 628 1 316 237 214

$75,000 to $79,999 3 ................. 963 1 804 364 1 388 214 192 3 720 575 1 540 1 279 198 127

$80,000 to $84,999 3 ................. 218 1 411 320 1 160 167 161 2 881 489 1 190 931 149 123

$85,000 to $89,999 2 ................. 458 1 182 188 884 82 122 2 294 364 1 015 720 96 98

$90,000 to $94,999 2 ................. 140 918 208 806 110 98 1 988 328 787 677 97 98

$95,000 to $99,999 1 ................. 868 864 195 657 65 87 1 842 298 755 634 92 63

$100,000 and over 14 .................. 008 6 227 1 487 5 113 628 553 12 849 2 066 5 452 4 286 600 444

Under 3 Years Old

Total 5 ......................... 971 – –5 213 656 102 5 759 – – 4 860 796 103

Less than $5,000 255 ................... – – 232 24 – 289 – – 270 18 –

$5,000 to $9,999 414 ................... – – 377 33 4 436 – – 358 78 1

$10,000 to $14,999 437 ................. – – 388 33 16 432 – – 351 70 11

$15,000 to $19,999 384 ................. – – 323 39 22 439 – – 380 51 8 $20,000 to $24,999 443 ................. – – 384 52 7 438 – – 351 72 15 $25,000 to $29,999 373 ................. – – 334 34 5 398 – – 323 67 9 $30,000 to $34,999 507 ................. – – 443 44 20 373 – – 326 45 2 $35,000 to $39,999 349 ................. – – 304 42 3 332 – – 269 53 9 $40,000 to $44,999 353 ................. – – 303 45 5 359 – – 302 51 6 $45,000 to $49,999 329 ................. – – 288 33 8 250 – – 216 28 7

$50,000 to $54,999 260 ................. – – 208 50 2 272 – – 252 19 1 $55,000 to $59,999 241 ................. – – 200 39 2 295 – – 255 35 6 $60,000 to $64,999 283 ................. – – 243 38 2 233 – – 190 37 6 $65,000 to $69,999 186 ................. – – 164 20 1 235 – – 206 25 4 $70,000 to $74,999 181 ................. – – 159 22 – 124 – – 107 14 4 $75,000 to $79,999 185 ................. – – 164 21 – 119 – – 115 5 – $80,000 to $84,999 111 ................. – – 97 12 2 88 – – 67 16 5 $85,000 to $89,999 96 ................. – – 94 2 – 58 – – 53 4 – $90,000 to $94,999 85 ................. – – 69 14 2 70 – – 61 10 – $95,000 to $99,999 53 ................. – – 50 2 – 78 – – 69 5 4 $100,000 and over 446 .................. – – 390 56 – 440 – – 340 95 5

3 to 5 Years Old

Total 6 ......................... 241 – –5 595 503 143 5 953 – – 5 297 532 124

Less than $5,000 245 ................... – – 224 21 – 272 – – 256 15 –

$5,000 to $9,999 410 ................... – – 370 31 9 478 – – 436 39 4

$10,000 to $14,999 457 ................. – – 404 41 13 389 – – 348 39 2

$15,000 to $19,999 441 ................. – – 404 28 9 414 – – 353 48 13

$20,000 to $24,999 443 ................. – – 396 36 11 410 – – 347 53 10 $25,000 to $29,999 436 ................. – – 380 37 19 415 – – 377 31 8 $30,000 to $34,999 399 ................. – – 365 25 9 373 – – 327 30 17 $35,000 to $39,999 377 ................. – – 322 37 18 384 – – 338 29 16 $40,000 to $44,999 388 ................. – – 354 19 14 365 – – 324 26 15 $45,000 to $49,999 285 ................. – – 248 29 8 299 – – 264 33 3

$50,000 to $54,999 365 ................. – – 321 34 9 270 – – 249 18 2 $55,000 to $59,999 271 ................. – – 237 25 8 269 – – 243 19 8 $60,000 to $64,999 261 ................. – – 237 22 2 243 – – 220 16 6 $65,000 to $69,999 209 ................. – – 187 20 2 191 – – 179 12 – $70,000 to $74,999 176 ................. – – 165 9 2 193 – – 154 26 13 $75,000 to $79,999 156 ................. – – 143 13 – 178 – – 144 34 – $80,000 to $84,999 141 ................. – – 127 9 4 146 – – 125 20 1 $85,000 to $89,999 96 ................. – – 91 5 – 73 – – 63 10 – $90,000 to $94,999 123 ................. – – 102 16 5 52 – – 47 1 4 $95,000 to $99,999 69 ................. – – 64 5 – 66 – – 62 3 –

$100,000 and over 495 .................. – – 454 40 1 472 – – 441 29 2

See footnote at end of table.

INCOMEnnnnn7
Table 3. Persons in Households, by Total Household Income in 1996, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic OriginmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

ALL RACESmCon.

6 to 11 Years Old

Total 12 ......................... 315 – – 11 236 777 302 11 693 – – 10 654 757 282

Less than $5,000 409 ................... – – 357 52 – 405 – – 368 32 5

$5,000 to $9,999 842 ................... – – 753 80 9 713 – – 626 82 5

$10,000 to $14,999 809 ................. – – 731 57 21 703 – – 622 50 31

$15,000 to $19,999 829 ................. – – 714 88 27 742 – – 645 85 12

$20,000 to $24,999 736 ................. – – 648 59 29 794 – – 720 51 23

$25,000 to $29,999 924 ................. – – 864 53 8 917 – – 796 82 39

$30,000 to $34,999 799 ................. – – 731 57 10 774 – – 715 52 6

$35,000 to $39,999 756 ................. – – 683 49 24 863 – – 791 45 26

$40,000 to $44,999 728 ................. – – 660 40 28 680 – – 623 33 24

$45,000 to $49,999 662 ................. – – 591 32 38 659 – – 608 44 7

$50,000 to $54,999 758 ................. – – 709 38 11 585 – – 541 34 10

$55,000 to $59,999 542 ................. – – 506 30 5 542 – – 505 28 9

$60,000 to $64,999 519 ................. – – 481 27 11 505 – – 461 31 14

$65,000 to $69,999 450 ................. – – 415 22 13 417 – – 386 21 10

$70,000 to $74,999 390 ................. – – 362 16 13 314 – – 284 8 21

$75,000 to $79,999 351 ................. – – 309 20 22 356 – – 322 24 10

$80,000 to $84,999 235 ................. – – 214 14 7 224 – – 207 14 3

$85,000 to $89,999 170 ................. – – 159 6 5 169 – – 161 5 2

$90,000 to $94,999 177 ................. – – 162 7 8 164 – – 153 4 7

$95,000 to $99,999 114 ................. – – 106 9 – 152 – – 142 3 7

$100,000 and over 1 .................. 116 – –1 083 22 12 1 017 – – 978 29 10

12 to 17 Years Old

Total 11 ......................... 953 33 3 10 934 696 288 11 338 65 18 10 230 676 350

Less than $5,000 289 ................... – – 249 30 10 357 15 – 303 24 14

$5,000 to $9,999 605 ................... 2 – 537 55 11 597 13 – 477 80 27

$10,000 to $14,999 687 ................. 10 – 607 51 19 708 12 6 572 82 36 $15,000 to $19,999 628 ................. 3 – 560 52 13 662 9 – 587 44 22 $20,000 to $24,999 705 ................. 2 – 644 47 12 682 6 4 578 77 16 $25,000 to $29,999 811 ................. 4 – 717 82 7 664 3 – 593 42 27 $30,000 to $34,999 794 ................. 3 – 697 55 38 689 1 – 643 31 15 $35,000 to $39,999 802 ................. 3 – 734 46 19 686 3 5 599 46 32 $40,000 to $44,999 745 ................. 1 – 682 43 19 700 – – 636 42 22 $45,000 to $49,999 659 ................. – – 591 39 28 593 – – 543 30 19

$50,000 to $54,999 654 ................. – 2 605 27 20 620 – 3 571 39 8 $55,000 to $59,999 606 ................. 2 – 553 33 17 547 2 – 486 34 26 $60,000 to $64,999 582 ................. – – 524 40 18 567 1 – 527 28 12 $65,000 to $69,999 522 ................. 3 – 506 6 6 481 – – 453 20 7 $70,000 to $74,999 408 ................. – – 384 22 3 461 – – 434 13 13 $75,000 to $79,999 355 ................. – – 333 13 10 378 – – 362 11 5 $80,000 to $84,999 312 ................. – – 289 14 10 303 – – 291 3 9 $85,000 to $89,999 203 ................. – – 189 6 8 226 – – 217 4 5 $90,000 to $94,999 239 ................. – – 231 4 4 187 – – 178 – 9 $95,000 to $99,999 164 ................. – – 160 3 1 138 – – 136 1 1 $100,000 and over 1 .................. 184 – –1 140 28 15 1 092 – – 1 044 24 24

18 to 21 Years Old

Total 7 ......................... 255 726 79 5 311 587 553 7 315 1 095 478 4 550 497 695

Less than $5,000 182 ................... 66 1 72 14 30 237 151 20 50 9 8

$5,000 to $9,999 293 ................... 86 14 125 40 29 461 221 37 135 19 48

$10,000 to $14,999 416 ................. 101 12 216 37 50 511 183 55 147 65 62

$15,000 to $19,999 427 ................. 109 6 212 44 57 531 147 67 196 48 73 $20,000 to $24,999 484 ................. 112 4 237 73 58 577 96 87 246 49 99 $25,000 to $29,999 382 ................. 59 2 257 34 31 449 72 56 217 40 63 $30,000 to $34,999 387 ................. 54 17 235 61 20 451 58 42 222 42 86 $35,000 to $39,999 362 ................. 18 4 265 40 36 410 27 27 288 25 43 $40,000 to $44,999 377 ................. 29 4 267 35 42 383 28 28 267 28 33 $45,000 to $49,999 387 ................. 22 3 303 38 22 320 18 5 256 18 23

$50,000 to $54,999 365 ................. 22 – 300 25 19 350 26 19 227 43 34 $55,000 to $59,999 352 ................. 19 – 284 16 33 338 11 18 256 16 38 $60,000 to $64,999 303 ................. 7 1 269 16 10 320 6 – 273 23 17 $65,000 to $69,999 351 ................. 2 – 304 16 29 193 12 – 159 7 15 $70,000 to $74,999 299 ................. 1 – 268 14 16 218 6 1 186 16 10 $75,000 to $79,999 203 ................. 3 9 169 17 6 201 12 4 172 10 4 $80,000 to $84,999 218 ................. 1 – 198 8 12 147 2 5 122 12 6 $85,000 to $89,999 182 ................. 2 – 167 2 11 126 3 3 114 1 5 $90,000 to $94,999 138 ................. – – 123 7 8 150 6 – 137 7 –

$95,000 to $99,999 138 ................. – – 131 3 4 144 3 – 134 2 4

$100,000 and over 1 .................. 008 17 3 911 47 30 798 6 5 746 18 23

See footnote at end of table.

8nnnnnINCOME
Table 3. Persons in Households, by Total Household Income in 1996, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic OriginmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

ALL RACESmCon.

22 to 24 Years Old

Total 5 ......................... 247 1 649 216 2 190 427 765 5 091 1 593 1 116 1 456 267 658

Less than $5,000 118 ................... 43 7 21 27 19 203 151 20 19 4 10

$5,000 to $9,999 163 ................... 83 10 25 16 28 372 293 13 19 10 37

$10,000 to $14,999 299 ................. 165 18 47 33 35 338 165 76 38 19 39

$15,000 to $19,999 362 ................. 189 23 57 26 66 360 179 79 46 26 31

$20,000 to $24,999 414 ................. 196 27 85 29 76 431 173 124 54 22 58

$25,000 to $29,999 399 ................. 181 26 83 29 80 394 138 107 62 18 69

$30,000 to $34,999 389 ................. 199 28 94 29 39 369 91 130 78 20 49

$35,000 to $39,999 378 ................. 151 17 117 33 61 341 81 118 62 18 61

$40,000 to $44,999 380 ................. 116 20 147 25 72 344 80 100 110 3 51

$45,000 to $49,999 242 ................. 68 10 110 26 27 290 57 99 67 17 50

$50,000 to $54,999 253 ................. 63 9 109 25 47 246 48 70 68 23 37

$55,000 to $59,999 212 ................. 34 10 121 22 24 208 41 51 79 17 21

$60,000 to $64,999 201 ................. 40 2 97 25 38 187 16 43 93 5 30

$65,000 to $69,999 175 ................. 15 – 126 8 26 135 10 30 69 3 23

$70,000 to $74,999 204 ................. 42 6 125 10 23 120 10 22 51 14 23

$75,000 to $79,999 145 ................. 11 3 103 13 15 92 5 6 56 6 19

$80,000 to $84,999 117 ................. 11 – 87 6 12 77 5 10 49 3 10

$85,000 to $89,999 70 ................. 12 – 50 – 7 69 3 – 54 6 5

$90,000 to $94,999 60 ................. – – 45 8 7 47 3 – 41 1 3

$95,000 to $99,999 58 ................. 4 – 44 5 6 63 14 1 44 2 2

$100,000 and over 607 .................. 24 2 494 30 57 405 29 18 298 29 31

25 to 29 Years Old

Total 9 ......................... 611 5 157 929 1 667 617 1 242 9 640 3 490 3 633 1 149 351 1 017

Less than $5,000 142 ................... 83 25 22 7 5 313 262 36 6 3 6

$5,000 to $9,999 282 ................... 173 41 38 12 18 462 339 63 25 13 23

$10,000 to $14,999 467 ................. 305 32 58 8 64 578 352 144 38 13 31 $15,000 to $19,999 592 ................. 358 64 78 30 62 662 340 196 48 16 62 $20,000 to $24,999 703 ................. 473 56 55 41 77 668 297 242 50 16 62 $25,000 to $29,999 732 ................. 466 80 59 53 74 731 304 271 58 38 60 $30,000 to $34,999 806 ................. 502 66 68 67 102 745 237 337 55 23 93 $35,000 to $39,999 695 ................. 417 89 81 45 62 696 218 315 60 31 72 $40,000 to $44,999 703 ................. 413 71 93 32 93 653 175 307 74 22 75 $45,000 to $49,999 670 ................. 370 44 104 68 84 537 124 289 45 27 52

$50,000 to $54,999 589 ................. 318 72 93 35 71 573 187 222 58 19 89 $55,000 to $59,999 472 ................. 245 54 86 25 60 500 134 222 46 15 83 $60,000 to $64,999 476 ................. 243 52 74 23 83 457 101 244 53 11 49 $65,000 to $69,999 350 ................. 162 43 69 25 50 353 89 149 67 12 36 $70,000 to $74,999 339 ................. 149 18 97 9 66 307 70 114 53 21 49 $75,000 to $79,999 248 ................. 111 16 45 24 51 236 42 112 48 10 23 $80,000 to $84,999 199 ................. 64 29 57 18 31 154 44 49 41 7 12 $85,000 to $89,999 129 ................. 44 7 45 6 27 148 22 79 27 6 13 $90,000 to $94,999 135 ................. 48 11 34 22 19 134 29 42 27 13 23 $95,000 to $99,999 110 ................. 20 6 52 – 31 79 16 21 27 3 11 $100,000 and over 773 .................. 193 51 357 64 108 654 109 178 243 31 93

30 to 34 Years Old

Total 10 ......................... 418 6 691 1 298 1 242 450 737 10 568 3 977 5 219 596 205 571

Less than $5,000 193 ................... 127 9 29 5 23 313 243 54 6 2 8

$5,000 to $9,999 260 ................... 169 26 32 8 24 514 394 76 24 13 7

$10,000 to $14,999 468 ................. 275 56 58 41 38 612 412 119 26 14 40

$15,000 to $19,999 540 ................. 332 59 90 28 30 546 306 169 34 5 31 $20,000 to $24,999 678 ................. 478 87 48 21 44 726 355 261 47 12 51 $25,000 to $29,999 803 ................. 569 92 63 29 50 795 338 370 40 17 31 $30,000 to $34,999 838 ................. 599 107 53 34 44 772 308 373 45 18 28 $35,000 to $39,999 809 ................. 527 89 101 37 54 649 212 367 33 12 24 $40,000 to $44,999 749 ................. 492 97 84 24 52 644 183 361 35 12 54 $45,000 to $49,999 696 ................. 463 94 62 38 40 617 161 385 37 11 24

$50,000 to $54,999 632 ................. 400 91 68 26 47 623 176 383 27 8 30 $55,000 to $59,999 585 ................. 386 77 65 22 36 567 167 331 37 3 29 $60,000 to $64,999 560 ................. 367 60 72 9 52 466 100 306 16 15 28 $65,000 to $69,999 409 ................. 266 45 59 18 21 402 71 275 20 12 23 $70,000 to $74,999 404 ................. 244 59 60 6 34 348 89 214 15 10 18 $75,000 to $79,999 335 ................. 198 45 54 8 30 308 51 197 24 11 26 $80,000 to $84,999 256 ................. 148 28 45 24 10 263 76 142 14 5 26 $85,000 to $89,999 163 ................. 97 22 29 4 11 178 44 119 9 1 6 $90,000 to $94,999 129 ................. 76 21 8 12 11 171 44 93 6 4 24

$95,000 to $99,999 133 ................. 64 29 24 2 13 122 36 78 6 – 3

$100,000 and over 779 .................. 410 106 137 52 73 932 209 546 97 21 60

See footnote at end of table.

INCOMEnnnnn9
Table 3. Persons in Households, by Total Household Income in 1996, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic OriginmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

ALL RACESmCon.

35 to 44 Years Old

Total 21 ......................... 788 15 037 3 211 1 644 662 1 234 22 167 8 786 11 346 770 464 800

Less than $5,000 319 ................... 222 26 42 18 11 523 387 103 11 15 8

$5,000 to $9,999 603 ................... 415 56 81 22 28 902 687 129 33 18 35

$10,000 to $14,999 940 ................. 565 115 145 36 79 1 025 674 218 64 34 36

$15,000 to $19,999 1 ................. 028 630 138 138 46 76 1 135 695 291 47 47 55

$20,000 to $24,999 1 ................. 133 765 121 93 39 116 1 219 698 387 70 32 31

$25,000 to $29,999 1 ................. 365 903 199 98 47 118 1 323 710 472 58 31 52

$30,000 to $34,999 1 ................. 322 862 180 127 46 107 1 339 698 538 41 26 36

$35,000 to $39,999 1 ................. 451 1 051 198 103 44 55 1 320 538 665 38 17 62

$40,000 to $44,999 1 ................. 455 1 022 212 102 59 59 1 436 540 753 65 26 53

$45,000 to $49,999 1 ................. 278 943 181 88 21 45 1 277 380 755 50 26 65

$50,000 to $54,999 1 ................. 410 1 016 213 77 44 60 1 287 395 778 30 40 44

$55,000 to $59,999 1 ................. 269 870 211 78 24 85 1 118 292 718 38 31 40

$60,000 to $64,999 1 ................. 175 847 188 56 28 56 1 179 359 723 48 20 29

$65,000 to $69,999 1 ................. 031 747 164 50 23 47 986 256 656 29 15 31

$70,000 to $74,999 790 ................. 549 135 39 28 38 855 214 573 24 8 37

$75,000 to $79,999 814 ................. 579 111 55 40 30 802 223 529 23 8 18

$80,000 to $84,999 657 ................. 437 128 38 15 40 611 157 414 6 12 22

$85,000 to $89,999 489 ................. 375 50 53 1 9 489 101 340 11 4 33

$90,000 to $94,999 382 ................. 282 46 29 5 20 420 90 287 19 12 11

$95,000 to $99,999 332 ................. 236 62 22 – 12 352 83 230 7 10 22

$100,000 and over 2 .................. 545 1 720 476 129 77 143 2 571 610 1 787 59 35 80

45 to 54 Years Old

Total 16 ......................... 119 12 150 2 292 579 561 537 16 894 6 693 8 857 343 564 437

Less than $5,000 233 ................... 187 37 2 3 4 362 287 60 – 11 5

$5,000 to $9,999 461 ................... 356 25 41 18 21 663 524 92 11 23 12

$10,000 to $14,999 576 ................. 402 65 60 27 22 767 448 228 29 35 27 $15,000 to $19,999 596 ................. 422 59 54 38 23 786 470 228 30 31 27 $20,000 to $24,999 718 ................. 508 87 60 30 33 894 494 305 24 26 46 $25,000 to $29,999 803 ................. 524 100 75 56 47 912 473 327 28 55 30 $30,000 to $34,999 787 ................. 574 102 64 28 19 877 443 336 34 46 18 $35,000 to $39,999 773 ................. 591 129 27 10 17 938 388 462 28 41 20 $40,000 to $44,999 982 ................. 767 105 47 34 29 1 061 445 539 13 41 24 $45,000 to $49,999 873 ................. 667 93 24 37 52 866 350 438 31 22 24

$50,000 to $54,999 936 ................. 678 142 24 59 34 902 312 513 17 46 15 $55,000 to $59,999 815 ................. 600 124 19 64 8 767 251 457 9 28 21 $60,000 to $64,999 786 ................. 604 115 23 22 22 778 215 535 4 12 11 $65,000 to $69,999 734 ................. 585 107 5 14 23 708 201 489 – 6 11 $70,000 to $74,999 738 ................. 554 129 11 15 29 702 210 438 6 27 21 $75,000 to $79,999 629 ................. 478 104 11 17 18 596 122 434 13 16 11 $80,000 to $84,999 566 ................. 437 95 8 5 21 493 109 340 8 20 16 $85,000 to $89,999 508 ................. 390 73 6 17 22 436 108 280 5 20 23 $90,000 to $94,999 408 ................. 309 84 4 – 12 345 99 220 7 11 8 $95,000 to $99,999 366 ................. 283 62 1 6 14 365 92 253 7 7 5 $100,000 and over 2 .................. 831 2 233 455 14 62 68 2 676 651 1 885 38 40 62

55 to 64 Years Old

Total 10 ......................... 265 7 897 1 453 215 339 360 11 210 4 572 5 807 133 484 215

Less than $5,000 225 ................... 205 11 2 6 – 415 297 101 3 6 7

$5,000 to $9,999 448 ................... 361 34 18 17 19 784 558 178 18 19 10

$10,000 to $14,999 595 ................. 419 66 49 35 27 910 556 303 12 26 12

$15,000 to $19,999 519 ................. 354 74 28 24 39 790 422 287 27 47 7 $20,000 to $24,999 636 ................. 461 96 38 19 22 866 412 397 11 29 17 $25,000 to $29,999 614 ................. 477 84 12 9 31 785 340 371 12 34 27 $30,000 to $34,999 584 ................. 436 65 16 31 36 703 231 426 4 30 11 $35,000 to $39,999 594 ................. 490 56 6 24 18 671 238 394 7 25 7 $40,000 to $44,999 610 ................. 496 83 3 13 15 572 205 336 5 12 14 $45,000 to $49,999 537 ................. 410 101 5 11 10 517 153 309 11 31 14

$50,000 to $54,999 626 ................. 464 89 5 37 32 588 192 357 7 27 6 $55,000 to $59,999 483 ................. 367 83 8 17 7 508 173 295 3 32 5 $60,000 to $64,999 503 ................. 390 69 19 8 17 380 118 235 2 18 7 $65,000 to $69,999 331 ................. 262 50 1 9 9 309 86 201 – 16 5 $70,000 to $74,999 353 ................. 266 56 – 13 19 278 78 169 2 26 3 $75,000 to $79,999 326 ................. 265 44 – 10 6 251 68 161 – 16 5 $80,000 to $84,999 238 ................. 197 28 – 7 7 239 62 155 – 13 10 $85,000 to $89,999 224 ................. 175 25 – 10 14 210 59 138 3 7 2 $90,000 to $94,999 153 ................. 129 21 – 1 2 148 27 102 2 8 9

$95,000 to $99,999 201 ................. 166 26 3 6 – 179 34 129 – 13 3

$100,000 and over 1 .................. 463 1 107 291 5 30 30 1 108 262 762 3 48 33

See footnote at end of table.

10nnnnnINCOME
Table 3. Persons in Households, by Total Household Income in 1996, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic OriginmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

ALL RACESmCon.

65 to 74 Years Old

Total 8 ......................... 085 6 677 956 15 294 144 9 928 5 002 4 228 18 577 101

Less than $5,000 106 ................... 83 14 – 9 – 297 252 38 3 3 –

$5,000 to $9,999 496 ................... 443 28 – 21 4 1 249 1 115 117 – 17 –

$10,000 to $14,999 799 ................. 648 107 3 25 16 1 362 986 326 5 44 2

$15,000 to $19,999 891 ................. 749 109 2 11 20 1 349 729 569 4 30 17

$20,000 to $24,999 885 ................. 762 85 5 26 7 1 048 452 532 – 49 15

$25,000 to $29,999 824 ................. 702 90 3 16 14 860 309 511 – 36 5

$30,000 to $34,999 607 ................. 533 56 3 7 7 650 256 344 – 37 13

$35,000 to $39,999 550 ................. 447 70 – 19 14 539 164 319 3 47 6

$40,000 to $44,999 434 ................. 361 54 – 16 3 461 138 285 – 35 3

$45,000 to $49,999 343 ................. 279 42 – 17 4 380 141 210 – 27 2

$50,000 to $54,999 328 ................. 260 57 – 6 5 265 89 154 – 18 5

$55,000 to $59,999 250 ................. 206 32 – 6 6 203 59 111 – 29 5

$60,000 to $64,999 225 ................. 175 32 – 3 15 182 36 117 – 25 5

$65,000 to $69,999 169 ................. 122 30 – 13 3 136 35 68 – 28 5

$70,000 to $74,999 140 ................. 123 10 – 7 – 136 33 77 – 23 3

$75,000 to $79,999 144 ................. 114 20 – 11 – 117 30 71 – 15 –

$80,000 to $84,999 96 ................. 78 10 – 9 – 84 18 59 – 7 –

$85,000 to $89,999 96 ................. 64 8 – 16 8 71 12 47 3 6 3

$90,000 to $94,999 70 ................. 52 11 – 6 – 63 20 29 – 13 –

$95,000 to $99,999 92 ................. 71 6 – 10 6 65 15 32 – 17 –

$100,000 and over 541 .................. 405 84 – 40 12 410 114 213 – 69 14

75 Years Old and Over

Total 5 ......................... 319 4 056 648 1 491 123 8 542 5 672 1 817 – 985 68

Less than $5,000 83 ................... 63 18 – – 2 330 304 20 – 5 1

$5,000 to $9,999 485 ................... 419 31 – 31 4 1 903 1 799 67 – 34 2

$10,000 to $14,999 740 ................. 645 66 – 10 20 1 634 1 336 238 – 57 2 $15,000 to $19,999 798 ................. 667 108 – 20 3 1 174 757 320 – 91 6 $20,000 to $24,999 631 ................. 471 91 1 45 23 735 429 241 – 57 8 $25,000 to $29,999 531 ................. 410 91 – 20 9 582 265 237 – 70 10 $30,000 to $34,999 383 ................. 305 28 – 34 17 396 172 156 – 68 – $35,000 to $39,999 291 ................. 216 35 – 35 5 315 134 119 – 56 6 $40,000 to $44,999 215 ................. 166 29 – 13 7 211 75 76 – 58 1 $45,000 to $49,999 194 ................. 140 32 – 14 8 197 74 66 – 51 6

$50,000 to $54,999 137 ................. 73 26 – 34 3 156 72 36 – 48 – $55,000 to $59,999 115 ................. 57 15 – 42 2 108 53 15 – 38 1 $60,000 to $64,999 90 ................. 65 8 – 9 7 137 32 44 – 56 6 $65,000 to $69,999 82 ................. 51 9 – 22 – 72 17 28 – 26 1 $70,000 to $74,999 69 ................. 42 7 – 20 – 61 13 19 – 30 – $75,000 to $79,999 70 ................. 45 13 – 8 4 86 21 26 – 32 7 $80,000 to $84,999 72 ................. 38 3 – 27 5 51 17 15 – 17 2 $85,000 to $89,999 33 ................. 24 3 – 6 – 42 12 10 – 20 – $90,000 to $94,999 41 ................. 21 13 – 7 – 35 9 14 – 13 – $95,000 to $99,999 38 ................. 21 3 – 14 – 40 5 10 – 25 – $100,000 and over 222 .................. 118 19 – 79 4 274 76 59 – 131 7

WHITE

Total 108 ......................... 772 52 617 9 458 36 712 4 642 5 342 111 978 32 442 38 192 32 092 4 723 4 529

Less than $5,000 1 ................... 711 783 116 684 79 49 2 615 1 461 357 689 55 53

$5,000 to $9,999 3 ................... 983 1 923 228 1 507 173 151 6 746 4 408 650 1 316 232 140

$10,000 to $14,999 5 ................. 790 2 938 409 1 858 254 329 7 519 4 042 1 479 1 491 270 238

$15,000 to $19,999 6 ................. 297 3 329 523 1 852 260 334 7 537 3 184 1 979 1 707 365 301

$20,000 to $24,999 6 ................. 974 3 679 525 2 054 330 387 7 525 2 662 2 319 1 878 294 371

$25,000 to $29,999 7 ................. 420 3 760 619 2 273 350 418 7 624 2 382 2 462 2 056 371 354 $30,000 to $34,999 7 ................. 068 3 566 541 2 257 332 372 6 979 1 951 2 435 1 994 290 308 $35,000 to $39,999 6 ................. 788 3 421 541 2 190 320 316 6 709 1 576 2 461 2 028 324 321 $40,000 to $44,999 6 ................. 996 3 458 592 2 311 263 372 6 717 1 532 2 536 2 045 288 317 $45,000 to $49,999 6 ................. 165 2 966 534 2 103 257 305 5 902 1 231 2 323 1 830 267 252

$50,000 to $54,999 6 ................. 438 2 970 617 2 206 338 308 5 897 1 258 2 317 1 764 304 254 $55,000 to $59,999 5 ................. 312 2 451 526 1 835 267 233 5 119 994 1 974 1 663 238 249 $60,000 to $64,999 5 ................. 050 2 402 446 1 733 180 289 4 753 826 1 982 1 552 214 180 $65,000 to $69,999 4 ................. 386 1 996 399 1 628 150 213 4 054 688 1 704 1 360 138 165 $70,000 to $74,999 3 ................. 943 1 770 376 1 446 136 215 3 657 643 1 477 1 158 186 193 $75,000 to $79,999 3 ................. 479 1 646 311 1 220 156 146 3 276 468 1 428 1 137 144 99 $80,000 to $84,999 2 ................. 770 1 247 281 979 125 137 2 491 415 1 053 802 109 113 $85,000 to $89,999 2 ................. 132 1 046 162 755 50 119 2 019 322 903 634 70 90 $90,000 to $94,999 1 ................. 917 840 186 717 90 84 1 813 290 722 632 81 88 $95,000 to $99,999 1 ................. 540 741 154 532 45 67 1 525 235 648 524 62 56 $100,000 and over 12 .................. 612 5 685 1 372 4 572 486 496 11 502 1 873 4 984 3 831 425 389

See footnote at end of table.

INCOMEnnnnn11
Table 3. Persons in Households, by Total Household Income in 1996, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic OriginmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

BLACK

Total 15 ......................... 745 5 070 1 107 6 881 1 808 879 18 306 7 039 2 744 6 055 1 806 662 Less than $5,000 874 ................... 191 24 503 122 34 1 458 799 41 522 85 12 $5,000 to $9,999 1 ................... 481 439 20 790 184 48 2 436 1 366 73 754 205 39 $10,000 to $14,999 1 ................. 523 459 98 740 159 67 2 050 939 154 626 260 71 $15,000 to $19,999 1 ................. 393 363 82 671 185 92 1 706 752 169 566 167 52 $20,000 to $24,999 1 ................. 229 411 79 476 158 105 1 572 618 174 504 209 66 $25,000 to $29,999 1 ................. 192 387 107 524 114 60 1 264 478 186 379 165 57 $30,000 to $34,999 1 ................. 207 362 81 529 162 72 1 215 452 171 395 136 60 $35,000 to $39,999 1 ................. 072 357 113 416 127 59 1 110 341 242 394 81 52 $40,000 to $44,999 855 ................. 295 63 346 102 49 900 281 166 317 83 53 $45,000 to $49,999 661 ................. 249 50 205 115 42 614 169 142 211 62 31

$50,000 to $54,999 619 ................. 222 68 241 48 39 610 189 145 212 41 23 $55,000 to $59,999 668 ................. 252 63 254 53 47 643 141 184 232 55 30 $60,000 to $64,999 628 ................. 224 54 247 66 38 604 117 182 209 62 35 $65,000 to $69,999 400 ................. 152 35 157 40 16 390 64 136 149 36 5 $70,000 to $74,999 266 ................. 97 21 112 21 15 234 44 80 85 10 15 $75,000 to $79,999 279 ................. 92 37 98 30 21 251 65 63 78 29 16 $80,000 to $84,999 278 ................. 92 21 126 20 19 223 44 82 71 19 7 $85,000 to $89,999 178 ................. 73 18 74 12 2 170 32 58 65 9 7 $90,000 to $94,999 112 ................. 40 13 40 8 11 106 29 30 24 14 10 $95,000 to $99,999 187 ................. 73 21 70 14 9 170 33 63 60 14 1 $100,000 and over 642 .................. 239 38 263 68 34 580 89 205 201 63 22

HISPANIC ORIGIN1

Total 14 ......................... 931 4 849 1 019 6 352 1 746 965 14 372 3 376 3 502 5 509 1 383 602

Less than $5,000 472 ................... 117 23 263 52 17 640 304 49 246 29 11

$5,000 to $9,999 1 ................... 116 339 57 587 77 57 1 488 655 145 539 123 26

$10,000 to $14,999 1 ................. 592 517 90 782 122 81 1 627 463 331 658 119 55

$15,000 to $19,999 1 ................. 549 513 129 698 125 84 1 653 402 369 685 143 55

$20,000 to $24,999 1 ................. 498 480 115 652 160 92 1 471 337 350 590 128 67

$25,000 to $29,999 1 ................. 280 416 101 496 190 76 1 206 243 296 441 149 77

$30,000 to $34,999 1 ................. 162 396 66 443 179 77 992 175 284 405 85 43

$35,000 to $39,999 863 ................. 280 81 364 87 51 860 168 218 336 96 42

$40,000 to $44,999 1 ................. 005 346 54 397 123 85 866 126 268 323 97 52

$45,000 to $49,999 667 ................. 224 40 246 91 66 565 86 182 208 68 21

$50,000 to $54,999 654 ................. 205 49 240 120 41 508 88 157 185 53 24

$55,000 to $59,999 520 ................. 161 34 197 93 34 470 64 131 175 61 38

$60,000 to $64,999 473 ................. 162 30 168 58 54 371 44 130 136 44 16

$65,000 to $69,999 316 ................. 113 18 123 34 28 266 32 100 105 20 9

$70,000 to $74,999 277 ................. 105 16 116 30 11 236 35 85 72 28 17

$75,000 to $79,999 274 ................. 81 19 118 45 11 197 29 69 79 14 6

$80,000 to $84,999 223 ................. 75 14 99 21 14 169 20 68 53 19 9

$85,000 to $89,999 115 ................. 44 5 53 13 – 90 8 36 29 11 5

$90,000 to $94,999 118 ................. 36 11 44 23 4 131 19 32 47 29 5

$95,000 to $99,999 71 ................. 23 5 24 9 9 52 6 18 13 10 4

$100,000 and over 687 .................. 215 60 244 95 74 516 71 185 184 57 20

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

12nnnnnINCOME
TIPS PS [HHE_CPAS,C_CARBAUGH 7/ 1/97 16:01:16 DSVX01 TLP:INCOME97.TLP;2 7/ 1/97 11:53:28 DATA:COMBINED.DAT;2 7/ 1/97 16:00:58 PSC:TIPS_16005879_01.PSC PAGE: 5

TSF:TIPS92~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 UTF:TIPS93~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 META:TIPS96~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:01:10

Table 4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1996, 1995, and 1994

[Families as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1995~1996)

ALL RACES

All families 70 ....................... 241 42 300 209 69 597 40 611 212 69 313 38 782 233 * 1.2

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 55 ................ 930 45 117 277 55 307 43 113 287 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 1.6 1 million or more 36 ..................... 858 47 442 384 36 465 45 703 337 (NA) (NA) (NA) .8 Inside central cities 12 ................. 248 35 792 531 12 261 33 773 681 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2.9

Outside central cities 24 ............... 610 52 577 417 24 204 51 361 336 (NA) (NA) (NA) –.6 Under 1 million 19 ...................... 071 41 395 371 18 842 39 177 414 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 2.6 Inside central cities 7 ................. 287 37 633 736 7 131 36 052 630 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.4

Outside central cities 11 ............... 784 43 260 485 11 711 40 991 449 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 2.5 Outside metropolitan areas 14 .............. 311 33 874 554 14 291 32 896 462 (NA) (NA) (NA) –

Region

Northeast 13 .............................. 404 46 553 459 13 508 43 909 542 13 488 42 943 489 * 3.0

Midwest 16 ............................... 457 44 957 485 16 353 43 470 446 16 264 39 760 402 .5

South 25 ................................. 438 38 710 408 25 101 36 628 326 24 873 35 388 297 * 2.7

West 14 .................................. 943 42 569 519 14 636 41 967 534 14 687 40 298 469 –1.5

Type of Family

Married~couple families 53 .................. 604 49 707 305 53 570 47 062 229 53 865 44 959 243 * 2.6

Wife in paid labor force 33 ............... 242 58 381 322 32 677 55 823 314 32 902 53 309 338 * 1.6

Wife not in paid labor force 20 ............ 362 33 748 393 20 893 32 375 312 20 962 31 176 265 1.3

Male householder, no wife present 3 ........ 847 31 600 549 3 513 30 358 681 3 228 27 751 682 1.1

Female householder, no husband present 12 .. 790 19 911 306 12 514 19 691 333 12 220 18 236 332 –1.8

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 59 ......................... 107 45 517 248 58 292 43 635 271 58 077 41 906 211 * 1.3 15 to 24 years 2 ....................... 964 19 937 704 3 019 18 756 863 3 079 17 880 582 3.2 25 to 34 years 13 ....................... 737 37 177 482 13 727 36 020 429 14 082 34 184 426 .3 35 to 44 years 19 ....................... 026 47 725 506 18 504 46 527 388 18 274 45 005 441 –.4 45 to 54 years 14 ....................... 384 57 161 607 13 908 55 029 577 13 746 54 379 757 .9 55 to 64 years 8 ....................... 997 48 198 854 9 134 45 264 691 8 895 43 114 578 * 3.4 65 years and over 11 ...................... 133 28 983 356 11 306 28 301 308 11 236 26 382 324 –.5 65 to 74 years 7 ....................... 120 31 366 496 7 340 30 536 490 7 268 28 608 403 –.2 75 years and over 4 ................... 013 25 510 463 3 966 24 568 410 3 968 22 982 443 .9

Size of Family

Two persons 29 ........................... 780 36 072 307 29 765 34 548 321 29 181 32 623 285 1.4 Three persons 16 .......................... 239 44 108 450 15 771 42 081 449 15 904 40 600 492 1.8 Four persons 14 ........................... 602 51 518 392 14 424 49 687 532 14 625 47 012 456 .7 Five persons 6 ........................... 326 48 058 925 6 234 46 319 805 6 284 44 667 800 .8 Six persons 2 ............................ 108 41 774 1 290 2 182 42 938 1 485 2 106 42 597 1 178 –5.5 Seven persons or more 1 .................. 186 40 339 1 665 1 221 38 496 1 776 1 213 34 557 1 464 1.8

Number of Earners

No earners 9 ............................. 947 18 088 274 10 180 17 713 260 10 306 16 445 239 –.8

One earner 20 ............................ 052 28 383 321 19 894 28 423 297 19 455 27 145 255 * –3.0

Two earners or more 40 .................... 242 56 442 278 39 524 54 008 304 39 552 52 011 229 * 1.5

Two earners 31 ........................ 309 53 361 332 31 041 50 989 258 30 885 48 970 346 * 1.6

Three earners 6 ....................... 697 63 281 745 6 249 63 924 724 6 558 61 017 571 * –3.8

Four earners or more 2 ................. 236 79 371 1 370 2 234 75 386 1 480 2 109 75 609 1 073 2.3

INCOMEnnnnn13
TIPS PS [HHE_CPAS,C_CARBAUGH 7/ 1/97 16:01:16 DSVX01 TLP:INCOME97.TLP;2 7/ 1/97 11:53:28 DATA:COMBINED.DAT;2 7/ 1/97 16:00:58 PSC:TIPS_16005879_01.PSC PAGE: 6

TSF:TIPS92~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 UTF:TIPS93~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 META:TIPS96~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:01:10

Table 4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1996, 1995, and 1994mCon.

[Families as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1995~1996)

WHITE

All families 58 ....................... 934 44 756 266 58 872 42 646 256 58 444 40 884 211 * 1.9

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 46 ................ 079 47 769 345 46 009 45 848 279 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.2 1 million or more 29 ..................... 624 50 977 343 29 711 49 000 439 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.1 Inside central cities 8 ................. 024 40 743 643 8 330 38 133 678 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 3.8 Outside central cities 21 ............... 600 54 027 480 21 381 52 466 446 (NA) (NA) (NA) – Under 1 million 16 ...................... 455 43 316 442 16 298 41 217 442 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 2.1 Inside central cities 5 ................. 699 41 713 708 5 617 40 068 810 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.1

Outside central cities 10 ............... 756 44 085 512 10 681 41 657 494 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 2.8 Outside metropolitan areas 12 .............. 856 35 681 456 12 864 34 192 480 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.4

Region

Northeast 11 .............................. 403 49 235 596 11 631 46 148 509 11 636 45 169 489 * 3.6

Midwest 14 ............................... 628 46 579 477 14 595 45 020 463 14 438 41 453 398 .5

South 20 ................................. 184 41 955 362 20 114 39 303 385 19 755 37 790 439 * 3.7

West 12 .................................. 719 42 906 612 12 532 42 466 631 12 616 40 883 494 –1.9

Type of Family

Married~couple families 47 .................. 650 50 190 257 47 877 47 539 286 47 905 45 474 253 * 2.5

Wife in paid labor force 29 ............... 308 58 995 333 29 003 56 409 334 29 045 53 977 358 * 1.6

Wife not in paid labor force 18 ............ 342 34 213 406 18 873 33 060 377 18 860 31 747 274 .5

Male householder, no wife present 2 ........ 944 32 439 962 2 712 31 461 706 2 508 29 460 757 .2

Female householder, no husband present 8 .. 339 22 373 408 8 284 22 068 374 8 031 20 795 377 –1.5

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 48 ......................... 963 48 352 324 48 698 46 269 245 48 386 44 424 263 * 1.5 15 to 24 years 2 ....................... 204 22 419 825 2 336 21 135 720 2 362 20 305 581 3.0 25 to 34 years 11 ....................... 128 39 967 477 11 209 38 586 459 11 367 36 612 378 .6 35 to 44 years 15 ....................... 686 50 741 398 15 408 49 296 522 15 209 47 410 469 – 45 to 54 years 12 ....................... 227 60 001 691 11 831 57 571 684 11 660 57 043 616 1.2 55 to 64 years 7 ....................... 718 50 419 672 7 913 47 272 746 7 788 44 413 614 * 3.6 65 years and over 9 ...................... 971 29 470 360 10 174 28 756 323 10 058 27 010 332 –.5 65 to 74 years 6 ....................... 376 31 934 536 6 574 31 226 509 6 482 29 203 411 –.7 75 years and over 3 ................... 595 26 004 464 3 601 24 984 457 3 576 23 630 445 1.1

Size of Family

Two persons 25 ........................... 903 37 593 379 26 143 35 969 308 25 589 34 035 309 1.5 Three persons 13 .......................... 316 47 239 536 13 044 45 030 493 13 105 43 488 488 1.9 Four persons 12 ........................... 100 53 816 647 12 075 51 820 422 12 281 49 731 561 .9 Five persons 5 ........................... 123 51 434 858 5 041 49 360 905 5 046 48 638 925 1.2 Six persons 1 ............................ 663 43 377 1 774 1 704 46 970 1 957 1 619 45 408 1 272 * –10.3 Seven persons or more 828 .................. 45 416 2 149 865 40 433 1 570 804 36 791 1 881 * 9.1

Number of Earners

No earners 8 ............................. 198 20 311 323 8 438 19 663 258 8 467 18 575 247 .3

One earner 16 ............................ 025 30 831 317 16 091 30 600 286 15 681 29 484 313 * –2.1

Two earners or more 34 .................... 712 57 461 306 34 343 55 189 305 34 296 52 996 322 * 1.1

Two earners 27 ........................ 068 54 292 347 26 991 51 938 274 26 845 50 112 294 * 1.5

Three earners 5 ....................... 713 65 008 821 5 438 64 742 679 5 642 62 412 614 * –2.5

Four earners or more 1 ................. 931 80 110 1 485 1 914 76 313 1 669 1 809 76 272 1 156 2.0

14nnnnnINCOME
TIPS PS [HHE_CPAS,C_CARBAUGH 7/ 1/97 16:01:16 DSVX01 TLP:INCOME97.TLP;2 7/ 1/97 11:53:28 DATA:COMBINED.DAT;2 7/ 1/97 16:00:58 PSC:TIPS_16005879_01.PSC PAGE: 7

TSF:TIPS92~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 UTF:TIPS93~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 META:TIPS96~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:01:10

Table 4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1996, 1995, and 1994mCon.

[Families as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1995~1996)

BLACK

All families 8 ....................... 455 26 522 470 8 055 25 970 618 8 093 24 698 483 –.8

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 7 ................ 279 28 468 846 6 918 27 147 669 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.9 1 million or more 5 ..................... 296 29 520 918 4 952 28 859 652 (NA) (NA) (NA) –.6 Inside central cities 3 ................. 343 24 882 883 3 124 24 479 851 (NA) (NA) (NA) –1.3

Outside central cities 1 ............... 953 37 572 1 225 1 828 37 298 1 151 (NA) (NA) (NA) –2.2 Under 1 million 1 ...................... 984 26 275 1 128 1 966 22 464 766 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 13.6 Inside central cities 1 ................. 266 23 450 1 272 1 207 20 364 1 088 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 11.9 Outside central cities 718 ............... 31 135 1 322 759 27 418 2 087 (NA) (NA) (NA) 10.3

Outside metropolitan areas 1 .............. 176 18 990 1 152 1 137 19 954 1 781 (NA) (NA) (NA) –7.6

Region

Northeast 1 .............................. 558 25 458 1 175 1 438 26 584 1 488 1 384 26 414 941 –7.0

Midwest 1 ............................... 505 27 448 1 416 1 438 25 989 1 279 1 509 21 844 1 298 2.6

South 4 ................................. 707 25 552 605 4 496 25 476 913 4 538 24 332 556 –2.6

West 686 .................................. 36 571 2 411 684 27 091 2 512 662 31 103 3 503 * 31.1

Type of Family

Married~couple families 3 .................. 851 41 963 965 3 713 41 307 710 3 842 40 432 871 –1.3

Wife in paid labor force 2 ............... 636 50 805 1 002 2 479 48 533 1 190 2 626 47 235 901 1.7

Wife not in paid labor force 1 ............ 216 27 594 1 173 1 234 25 507 1 288 1 215 25 396 1 171 5.1

Male householder, no wife present 657 ........ 26 338 2 006 573 25 172 1 474 536 20 977 936 1.6

Female householder, no husband present 3 .. 947 15 530 503 3 769 15 004 441 3 716 13 943 471 .5

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 7 ......................... 536 27 113 526 7 165 26 611 671 7 162 25 502 502 –1.0 15 to 24 years 636 ....................... 11 239 773 544 10 365 959 584 9 330 651 5.3 25 to 34 years 1 ....................... 982 20 470 1 134 1 950 20 292 1 031 2 021 19 582 1 090 –2.0 35 to 44 years 2 ....................... 437 30 735 1 022 2 286 29 868 1 081 2 254 27 154 1 092 – 45 to 54 years 1 ....................... 584 40 009 1 749 1 481 36 320 1 725 1 451 38 943 1 704 7.0 55 to 64 years 897 ....................... 33 703 2 088 904 30 219 1 304 852 29 921 1 818 8.3 65 years and over 919 ...................... 21 328 1 297 890 22 704 1 119 931 20 368 841 –8.8 65 to 74 years 604 ....................... 23 885 1 735 599 24 758 1 450 616 21 686 1 000 –6.3 75 years and over 316 ................... 18 647 1 415 291 17 756 2 845 315 18 726 767 2.0

Size of Family

Two persons 2 ........................... 987 23 500 1 018 2 881 23 168 819 2 842 22 130 670 –1.5 Three persons 2 .......................... 242 24 503 1 026 2 080 25 327 1 144 2 154 24 177 872 –6.0 Four persons 1 ........................... 762 32 747 1 501 1 643 30 819 1 586 1 631 28 696 1 506 3.2 Five persons 905 ........................... 31 120 1 595 857 28 453 1 916 869 26 750 1 559 6.2 Six persons 313 ............................ 30 871 2 031 346 26 256 3 299 336 30 635 2 889 14.2 Seven persons or more 247 .................. 27 230 3 399 247 29 151 2 478 261 25 485 2 906 –9.3

Number of Earners

No earners 1 ............................. 402 7 775 447 1 414 8 367 373 1 500 7 375 259 * –9.7

One earner 3 ............................ 222 19 066 462 3 014 18 774 629 2 968 17 842 532 –1.4

Two earners or more 3 .................... 832 45 280 890 3 628 42 788 805 3 625 43 804 909 2.8

Two earners 3 ........................ 007 42 637 999 2 911 40 864 724 2 831 40 654 948 1.3

Three earners 676 ....................... 51 457 1 844 540 49 458 2 345 640 49 938 1 917 1.1

Four earners or more 149 ................. 70 326 9 334 176 62 363 7 129 154 70 676 3 954 9.5

INCOMEnnnnn15
TIPS PS [HHE_CPAS,C_CARBAUGH 7/ 1/97 16:01:16 DSVX01 TLP:INCOME97.TLP;2 7/ 1/97 11:53:28 DATA:COMBINED.DAT;2 7/ 1/97 16:00:58 PSC:TIPS_16005879_01.PSC PAGE: 8

TSF:TIPS92~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 UTF:TIPS93~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 META:TIPS96~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:01:10

Table 4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1996, 1995, and 1994mCon.

[Families as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1995~1996)

HISPANIC ORIGIN1

All families 6 ....................... 631 26 179 495 6 287 24 570 555 6 202 24 318 471 * 3.5

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 6 ................ 036 26 528 533 5 704 24 840 578 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 3.7 1 million or more 4 ..................... 480 27 394 696 4 305 25 622 613 (NA) (NA) (NA) 3.8 Inside central cities 2 ................. 309 22 951 742 2 231 20 970 580 (NA) (NA) (NA) * 6.3 Outside central cities 2 ............... 171 33 092 1 158 2 074 31 695 768 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.4 Under 1 million 1 ...................... 556 23 547 1 247 1 400 22 540 1 025 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.5 Inside central cities 911 ................. 23 658 1 790 805 22 734 1 571 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.1

Outside central cities 645 ............... 23 440 1 590 595 22 359 1 356 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.8

Outside metropolitan areas 595 .............. 22 423 2 230 583 22 324 1 673 (NA) (NA) (NA) –2.4

Region

Northeast 1 .............................. 088 23 240 1 354 1 023 21 776 1 148 974 21 478 1 085 3.7

Midwest 494 ............................... 30 700 2 130 403 28 749 2 271 389 31 188 1 368 3.7

South 2 ................................. 255 26 362 818 2 173 24 049 981 2 087 23 961 761 * 6.5

West 2 .................................. 794 26 252 790 2 688 25 359 797 2 752 24 462 737 .6

Type of Family

Married~couple families 4 .................. 520 31 930 611 4 247 29 861 659 4 236 29 621 760 * 3.9

Wife in paid labor force 2 ............... 536 40 956 778 2 237 39 370 1 159 2 279 38 559 1 029 1.0

Wife not in paid labor force 1 ............ 984 22 769 675 2 010 21 219 662 1 957 20 676 625 4.2

Male householder, no wife present 494 ........ 25 875 1 249 436 22 257 1 852 480 21 787 1 707 * 12.9

Female householder, no husband present 1 .. 617 12 952 677 1 604 13 474 669 1 485 12 117 472 –6.6

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 6 ......................... 112 26 713 517 5 768 25 019 572 5 697 24 889 531 * 3.7 15 to 24 years 545 ....................... 15 695 973 582 15 184 1 014 522 14 649 1 561 .4 25 to 34 years 1 ....................... 905 25 645 727 1 847 22 358 904 1 847 22 167 860 * 11.4 35 to 44 years 1 ....................... 925 27 877 1 052 1 789 26 671 885 1 681 27 243 1 453 1.5 45 to 54 years 1 ....................... 074 33 390 2 083 955 33 611 1 853 1 050 31 850 1 445 –3.5 55 to 64 years 662 ....................... 31 881 2 260 596 28 145 2 162 597 28 172 1 945 10.0 65 years and over 519 ...................... 21 068 1 257 519 21 181 1 310 505 19 397 1 111 –3.4 65 to 74 years 383 ....................... 22 714 1 716 382 22 403 1 444 365 20 246 1 495 –1.5 75 years and over 136 ................... 18 228 2 083 137 17 089 2 132 140 18 068 1 985 3.6

Size of Family

Two persons 1 ........................... 731 21 466 730 1 723 20 645 711 1 606 19 941 868 1.0 Three persons 1 .......................... 571 25 275 1 106 1 415 21 983 913 1 395 23 969 749 * 11.7 Four persons 1 ........................... 555 29 962 1 126 1 438 27 186 1 104 1 511 26 624 1 628 * 7.0 Five persons 931 ........................... 29 926 1 256 908 26 924 1 156 898 26 556 1 116 * 8.0 Six persons 488 ............................ 26 460 1 534 456 28 464 1 383 451 30 586 2 267 * –9.7 Seven persons or more 355 .................. 33 540 3 769 347 29 055 1 718 340 28 011 3 095 12.1

Number of Earners

No earners 809 ............................. 8 601 508 832 8 430 420 873 8 235 383 –.9

One earner 2 ............................ 320 18 388 593 2 294 17 972 501 2 148 16 954 444 –.6

Two earners or more 3 .................... 502 39 354 880 3 161 37 267 783 3 181 37 341 736 2.6

Two earners 2 ........................ 548 35 114 966 2 353 34 540 799 2 359 34 411 798 –1.3

Three earners 694 ....................... 48 292 2 232 554 43 841 2 411 601 44 213 1 845 7.0

Four earners or more 260 ................. 58 446 3 073 255 56 757 2 583 221 52 893 3 030 –

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

16nnnnnINCOME
Table 5. Selected Characteristics of FamiliesmTotal Money Income of Families in 1996

[Numbers in thousands. Families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Median income Mean income

Total

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

All families 70 ............ 241 1 945 3 367 4 294 9 499 9 469 12 463 14 942 7 036 7 226 42 300 209 53 676 338

TYPE OF RESIDENCE

Inside metropolitan areas 55 ....... 930 1 554 2 481 3 095 7 034 7 031 9 650 12 253 6 173 6 659 45 117 277 56 938 402 Inside central cities 19 .......... 535 907 1 372 1 480 2 954 2 682 3 102 3 574 1 705 1 759 36 482 417 48 872 640 1 million or more 12 .......... 248 613 919 979 1 871 1 618 1 827 2 187 1 059 1 175 35 792 531 49 399 857 Under 1 million 7 ............ 287 294 453 501 1 083 1 064 1 275 1 387 646 584 37 633 736 47 988 932 Outside central cities 36 ......... 394 647 1 109 1 616 4 080 4 349 6 548 8 679 4 467 4 900 49 588 390 61 267 510 1 million or more 24 .......... 610 392 683 1 003 2 510 2 730 4 135 5 961 3 274 3 922 52 577 418 65 523 653 Under 1 million 11 ............ 784 255 426 612 1 569 1 619 2 414 2 718 1 194 978 43 260 485 52 380 771 Outside metropolitan areas 14 ..... 311 390 887 1 199 2 465 2 438 2 814 2 689 863 567 33 874 554 40 930 609

REGION

Northeast 13 .................... 404 399 645 677 1 600 1 627 2 270 3 009 1 405 1 772 46 553 460 60 103 855

Midwest 16 ...................... 457 326 636 860 2 123 2 228 3 019 3 958 1 741 1 567 44 957 485 54 017 640

South 25 ........................ 438 855 1 368 1 809 3 771 3 699 4 551 4 931 2 292 2 162 38 710 409 49 410 554

West 14 ......................... 943 365 719 949 2 005 1 915 2 624 3 044 1 598 1 725 42 569 519 54 799 745

RACE AND HISPANIC

ORIGIN OF

HOUSEHOLDER

White 58 ........................ 934 1 164 2 276 3 191 7 651 7 927 10 761 13 169 6 208 6 588 44 756 266 56 197 377 Black 8 ........................ 455 662 939 907 1 487 1 210 1 279 1 214 481 277 26 522 471 34 935 657 Hispanic origin1 ............... 6 631 326 646 767 1 425 1 036 1 006 862 310 253 26 179 496 35 592 876

TYPE OF FAMILY

All primary families 70 ............ 241 1 945 3 367 4 294 9 499 9 469 12 463 14 942 7 036 7 226 42 300 209 53 676 338

Married~couple families 53 ....... 604 603 1 044 2 268 6 102 6 853 10 097 13 195 6 532 6 910 49 707 306 61 214 415

Male householder, no wife

present 3 ................... 847 122 271 341 713 667 744 663 177 149 31 600 549 40 013 1 127

Female householder, no

husband present 12 ........... 790 1 220 2 052 1 685 2 684 1 949 1 623 1 084 328 167 19 911 307 26 196 328

Unrelated subfamilies 615 .......... 138 87 122 129 71 47 15 – 7 13 131 853 18 016 1 397

AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER

Under 65 years 59 ............... 107 1 803 2 866 3 171 6 670 7 339 10 605 13 576 6 435 6 643 45 517 248 56 394 387

15 to 24 years 2 .............. 964 354 446 333 619 519 393 215 53 30 19 937 704 24 433 573

25 to 34 years 13 .............. 737 556 942 969 1 906 2 107 2 654 2 949 940 714 37 177 483 43 541 546

35 to 44 years 19 .............. 026 458 773 895 2 013 2 311 3 499 4 773 2 232 2 072 47 725 506 58 499 711

45 to 54 years 14 .............. 384 234 402 474 1 162 1 338 2 450 3 607 2 147 2 569 57 161 607 69 874 933

55 to 64 years 8 .............. 997 200 302 500 969 1 064 1 609 2 032 1 064 1 256 48 198 854 60 548 1 010

65 years and over 11 ............. 133 142 501 1 123 2 829 2 130 1 858 1 366 601 583 28 983 357 39 247 517

65 to 74 years 7 .............. 120 96 283 631 1 632 1 347 1 254 1 002 423 452 31 366 497 42 184 686

75 years and over 4 ........... 013 46 219 493 1 197 783 604 364 177 131 25 510 463 34 036 741

Mean age of householder 46.7 ...... 38.9 42.4 48.4 49.9 47.5 46.3 45.3 46.9 48.0 (X) (X) (X) (X)

PRESENCE OF RELATED

CHILDREN UNDER 18

YEARS OLD

No related children 33 ............ 037 482 957 1 916 4 814 4 548 6 009 7 013 3 521 3 776 44 038 361 55 997 491

One or more related children 37 .... 204 1 462 2 410 2 378 4 685 4 921 6 454 7 929 3 515 3 449 40 985 284 51 616 464

All under 6 years 9 .......... 033 507 668 600 1 262 1 174 1 467 1 812 776 765 38 103 715 47 379 812

Some under 6, some 6 to 17

years 8 ................... 096 370 660 573 1 095 1 130 1 456 1 541 652 620 36 884 575 48 263 1 040

All 6 to 17 years 20 ........... 075 585 1 082 1 206 2 328 2 616 3 531 4 576 2 086 2 064 44 000 477 54 874 654

One child 15 ................... 452 609 972 1 057 2 031 2 036 2 601 3 240 1 443 1 462 40 702 468 50 214 619

Under 6 years 5 ............. 778 331 403 406 823 762 923 1 166 480 483 37 458 971 45 676 770

6 to 17 years 9 .............. 674 279 569 651 1 207 1 274 1 679 2 074 964 978 42 231 622 52 924 873

Two children or more 21 ........ 752 853 1 438 1 321 2 654 2 884 3 853 4 689 2 072 1 987 41 165 356 52 612 661

All under 6 years 3 .......... 255 177 265 194 439 412 544 646 297 282 38 817 896 50 401 1 790

Some under 6, some 6 to 17

years 8 ................... 096 370 660 573 1 095 1 130 1 456 1 541 652 620 36 884 575 48 263 1 040

All 6 to 17 years 10 ........... 401 306 514 555 1 120 1 343 1 853 2 502 1 122 1 086 45 673 598 56 688 966

Mean number of related

children .99 ..................... 1.47 1.44 1.08 .93 .99 .96 .97 .90 .84 (X) (X) (X) (X)

SIZE OF FAMILY

Two persons 29 .................. 780 890 1 527 2 310 5 212 4 500 5 222 5 408 2 368 2 342 36 072 307 47 600 490

Three persons 16 ................ 239 547 938 933 1 870 2 033 2 886 3 536 1 690 1 807 44 108 450 53 820 625

Four persons 14 ................. 602 311 526 552 1 302 1 711 2 548 3 751 1 944 1 956 51 518 392 62 382 775

Five persons 6 .................. 326 115 236 287 702 734 1 204 1 537 700 811 48 058 925 62 690 1 511

Six persons 2 ................... 108 56 84 114 253 332 384 453 223 209 41 774 1 291 54 178 1 955

Seven persons or more 1 ........ 186 25 56 98 160 159 219 257 111 100 40 339 1 666 48 112 1 576

Mean size of family 3.19 ............ 3.01 3.05 2.97 2.95 3.09 3.20 3.32 3.38 3.40 (X) (X) (X) (X)

NUMBER OF EARNERS

No earners 9 ................... 947 1 155 1 419 1 504 2 469 1 484 1 018 517 230 151 18 088 274 23 831 355

One earner 20 ................... 052 680 1 655 2 061 4 250 3 488 3 325 2 554 950 1 087 28 383 321 40 210 608

Two earners or more 40 ........... 242 109 292 729 2 780 4 496 8 120 11 871 5 856 5 988 56 442 279 67 763 468

Two earners 31 ................ 309 98 268 665 2 466 3 907 6 679 9 051 4 073 4 101 53 361 332 64 796 536

Three earners 6 ............... 697 8 24 59 281 507 1 209 2 163 1 249 1 197 63 281 745 73 989 1 068

Four earners or more 2 ........ 236 3 – 5 33 82 232 658 535 689 79 371 1 371 90 660 1 903

Mean number of earners 1.64 ....... .48 .69 .86 1.10 1.43 1.75 2.05 2.21 2.26 (X) (X) (X) (X)

See footnotes at end of table.

INCOMEnnnnn17
Table 5. Selected Characteristics of FamiliesmTotal Money Income of Families in 1996mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Median income Mean income

Total

Less

than

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

WORK EXPERIENCE OF

HOUSEHOLDER

Total 70 ................. 241 1 945 3 367 4 294 9 499 9 469 12 463 14 942 7 036 7 226 42 300 209 53 676 338

Worked 53 ...................... 460 638 1 583 2 285 5 723 6 898 10 120 13 257 6 335 6 620 49 054 316 60 117 404

Worked at full~time jobs 46 ...... 843 337 900 1 702 4 774 5 915 9 085 12 178 5 863 6 088 51 083 248 62 174 430

50 weeks or more 39 ......... 796 105 288 1 059 3 623 4 877 7 931 10 921 5 374 5 617 53 752 318 65 542 482

27 to 49 weeks 4 ............ 586 51 267 380 690 674 815 970 381 359 38 934 941 47 742 935

26 weeks or less 2 .......... 461 182 345 263 461 363 339 288 108 112 24 430 941 34 604 1 464

Worked at part~time jobs 6 ..... 616 300 683 583 949 984 1 035 1 079 471 531 33 042 628 45 554 1 135

50 weeks or more 3 ......... 229 54 231 276 471 504 564 552 269 309 36 838 988 50 164 1 701

27 to 49 weeks 1 ............ 557 62 190 114 213 213 252 272 124 115 34 394 1 407 45 184 2 029

26 weeks or less 1 .......... 830 184 262 193 265 267 219 256 78 106 25 401 1 311 37 736 2 174

Did not work 16 .................. 781 1 307 1 784 2 009 3 775 2 570 2 343 1 685 701 606 23 456 309 33 158 515

EDUCATIONAL

ATTAINMENT2

Total 67 ................. 277 1 590 2 921 3 961 8 879 8 950 12 070 14 727 6 983 7 195 43 603 259 54 964 350

Less than 9th grade 4 ........... 767 211 525 821 1 272 824 572 379 90 74 20 781 441 26 762 487

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 6 .. 771 395 685 825 1 548 1 117 1 082 776 215 127 24 575 387 32 199 853

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 21 ................. 870 523 1 003 1 358 3 359 3 441 4 632 4 853 1 640 1 060 38 563 331 45 146 465

Some college, no degree 12 ....... 092 220 411 569 1 361 1 784 2 472 3 034 1 257 984 44 814 519 53 539 776

Associate degree 4 .............. 955 98 131 140 500 598 930 1 399 704 454 51 176 770 56 153 787

Bachelor’s degree or more 16 ...... 823 143 166 249 839 1 187 2 381 4 286 3 076 4 496 69 688 615 85 557 942

Bachelor’s degree 10 ........... 753 91 122 200 637 872 1 755 2 900 1 952 2 224 64 293 818 75 311 919

Master’s degree 4 ............. 009 36 29 39 131 229 474 1 025 776 1 270 76 065 1 207 90 956 1 863

Professional degree 1 ......... 189 9 15 8 45 67 96 185 154 610 102 557 4 168 138 118 6 953

Doctorate degree 872 ............ 7 – 1 27 19 57 176 194 391 92 316 2 937 115 415 4 808

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

2Restricted to persons 25 years and over.

18nnnnnINCOME
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1996 of

Married~Couple Families, by Work Experience in 1996 of Husband and Wife

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No

related

children Total

All

under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All

under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

ALL MARRIED~COUPLE FAMILIES

Total ....................................... 53 604 27 420 26 184 6 469 5 971 13 743 10 011 3 918 6 093 16 173 2 551 5 971 7 650 .93

Less than $5,000 ................................. 603 336 267 91 66 110 100 47 53 167 44 66 57 .91

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 1 044 620 424 103 127 194 161 66 96 263 37 127 99 .91

$10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 2 268 1 387 881 256 281 344 333 151 182 549 105 281 162 .82

$15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 2 844 1 828 1 016 298 308 410 356 175 181 660 123 308 229 .77

$20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 3 258 1 949 1 309 409 352 547 418 213 205 891 196 352 343 .84

$25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 3 508 1 943 1 566 380 466 720 532 227 305 1 033 153 466 415 .93

$30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 3 345 1 646 1 699 483 434 782 640 280 360 1 059 203 434 422 .99

$35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 3 469 1 713 1 756 425 436 896 640 243 398 1 116 182 436 498 1.00

$40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 3 457 1 660 1 796 469 443 884 662 285 377 1 135 184 443 508 .99

$45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 3 171 1 511 1 660 398 388 874 636 251 385 1 024 146 388 489 .98

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 3 229 1 504 1 725 397 373 955 634 262 372 1 091 135 373 583 .99

$55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 2 823 1 270 1 553 367 328 859 661 247 414 893 120 328 445 1.01

$60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 2 764 1 290 1 473 383 299 792 566 216 349 908 167 299 443 .99

$65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 2 345 1 016 1 329 300 259 770 504 188 316 825 113 259 453 1.04

$70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 2 035 962 1 073 240 194 639 439 163 276 634 77 194 363 .96

$75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 1 900 865 1 035 233 202 600 434 159 275 601 74 202 325 1.00

$80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 1 503 762 740 163 132 444 294 106 188 446 58 132 256 .90

$85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 1 191 608 583 126 112 344 236 70 166 346 56 112 178 .84

$90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 993 467 526 123 85 318 199 68 131 327 55 85 187 .99

$95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 946 511 435 98 83 254 177 48 130 258 50 83 124 .81

$100,000 and over ................................ 6 910 3 573 3 337 728 603 2 006 1 388 455 934 1 949 274 603 1 072 .86

Median income dollars ........................... .. 49 707 46 936 51 768 48 875 45 843 55 888 53 944 50 306 56 587 50 752 46 375 45 843 55 237 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 306 382 299 884 672 504 735 785 696 375 1 068 672 697 (X)

Mean income dollars ............................. .. 61 214 59 322 63 195 58 152 58 012 67 820 63 474 57 203 67 507 63 021 59 609 58 012 68 069 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 415 567 608 1 035 1 315 878 840 957 1 229 836 2 174 1 315 1 237 (X)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 18 812 25 320 15 018 15 918 11 456 16 553 18 578 17 636 19 135 13 415 13 919 11 456 14 959 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 145 292 169 351 300 256 313 424 433 206 583 300 322 (X)

Gini ratio......................................... .382 .396 .366 .362 .385 .355 .351 .345 .350 .374 .388 .385 .358 (X)

Standard error.................................. .0052 .0072 .0074 .0145 .0161 .0102 .0116 .0180 .0151 .0096 .0244 .0161 .0138 (B)

HUSBAND WORKED

Total ....................................... 42 953 18 138 24 815 6 259 5 677 12 879 9 343 3 767 5 577 15 472 2 492 5 677 7 303 1.10

Less than $5,000 ................................. 214 92 122 54 33 35 39 23 16 83 31 33 19 1.30

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 442 167 276 78 91 106 95 52 43 181 26 91 63 1.46

$10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 1 014 331 683 231 235 216 236 134 102 447 98 235 114 1.49

$15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 1 374 496 878 285 276 316 295 166 129 582 119 276 187 1.36

$20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 1 940 766 1 175 386 328 461 351 198 153 824 188 328 308 1.27

$25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 2 338 895 1 443 363 434 646 478 213 265 965 150 434 381 1.28

$30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 2 530 906 1 624 467 416 741 602 268 334 1 022 199 416 407 1.26

$35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 2 769 1 080 1 690 413 427 849 600 231 369 1 090 182 427 480 1.21

$40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 2 877 1 143 1 733 462 431 840 621 278 343 1 112 184 431 497 1.16

$45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 2 721 1 113 1 607 395 373 839 612 251 361 996 144 373 478 1.11

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 2 924 1 230 1 694 393 365 935 621 260 361 1 073 133 365 574 1.07

$55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 2 539 1 021 1 518 363 322 833 636 243 393 881 120 322 439 1.11

$60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 2 524 1 080 1 444 379 291 774 551 213 337 893 166 291 436 1.07

$65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 2 176 876 1 300 296 255 749 494 186 308 806 110 255 441 1.10

$70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 1 904 853 1 050 240 192 618 431 163 268 620 77 192 350 1.01

$75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 1 755 733 1 022 233 202 587 426 159 267 597 74 202 320 1.07

$80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 1 408 674 734 162 132 440 288 104 184 446 58 132 256 .95

$85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 1 119 543 576 123 111 342 236 70 166 340 53 111 176 .88

$90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 920 398 522 123 83 316 197 68 128 325 55 83 187 1.06

$95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 884 453 431 94 83 254 173 44 130 258 50 83 124 .86

$100,000 and over ................................ 6 582 3 288 3 294 718 594 1 982 1 363 444 919 1 931 274 594 1 063 .89

Median income dollars ........................... .. 55 627 59 124 53 142 49 912 47 006 57 737 55 989 51 036 58 980 51 730 46 975 47 006 56 619 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 290 518 425 740 701 509 583 681 707 371 1 219 701 728 (X)

Mean income dollars ............................. .. 68 057 72 182 65 042 59 105 59 630 70 312 65 767 58 174 70 896 64 604 60 512 59 630 69 866 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 496 790 634 1 059 1 371 922 881 972 1 312 866 2 216 1 371 1 281 (X)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 19 799 30 093 15 498 16 221 11 861 17 153 19 317 18 044 20 103 13 819 14 146 11 861 15 401 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 168 412 178 361 316 271 332 438 468 215 596 316 336 (X)

Gini ratio......................................... .353 .348 .354 .354 .376 .340 .337 .336 .332 .365 .382 .376 .347 (X)

Standard error.................................. .0057 .0087 .0076 .0148 .0166 .0105 .0120 .0183 .0158 .0098 .0247 .0166 .0142 (B)

INCOMEnnnnn19
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1996 of

Married~Couple Families, by Work Experience in 1996 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No

related

children Total

All

under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All

under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND WORKEDmCon.

Wife Worked

Total ....................................... 32 453 13 848 18 605 4 562 3 691 10 352 7 477 2 948 4 529 11 128 1 614 3 691 5 823 1.04 Less than $5,000 ................................. 56 21 34 9 12 14 11 5 5 24 3 12 8 (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 150 71 78 12 25 42 28 12 16 51 – 25 26 1.18 $10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 406 151 255 85 74 96 103 56 48 152 30 74 48 1.22 $15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 619 211 409 129 125 155 157 82 74 252 47 125 81 1.32 $20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 1 076 445 631 215 134 282 209 117 92 422 99 134 190 1.17 $25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 1 435 506 929 238 248 443 323 150 174 606 89 248 269 1.29 $30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 1 749 636 1 113 311 249 553 435 196 240 678 116 249 314 1.16 $35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 2 054 799 1 255 319 279 658 473 186 287 782 132 279 371 1.18 $40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 2 154 866 1 288 345 298 645 476 226 250 812 118 298 395 1.12 $45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 2 138 861 1 276 303 267 706 510 200 309 767 102 267 397 1.09

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 2 291 958 1 332 316 249 767 520 222 298 812 95 249 469 1.04 $55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 2 168 866 1 302 305 272 725 554 211 343 748 94 272 382 1.09 $60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 2 062 867 1 196 319 222 654 467 186 281 729 134 222 373 1.05 $65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 1 852 742 1 110 251 194 665 459 171 288 651 80 194 377 1.05 $70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 1 645 724 921 219 145 556 386 149 237 535 70 145 320 1.00 $75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 1 467 600 867 204 162 501 380 145 235 487 59 162 266 1.05 $80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 1 211 595 616 143 93 379 265 98 167 351 46 93 212 .88 $85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 978 469 509 102 101 305 216 61 155 292 41 101 150 .88 $90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 782 339 442 91 62 288 176 54 121 267 37 62 167 1.04 $95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 774 383 391 77 76 238 168 44 124 223 33 76 114 .89 $100,000 and over ................................ 5 386 2 735 2 651 568 403 1 680 1 162 377 785 1 489 191 403 895 .84

Median income dollars ........................... .. 59 833 62 992 57 637 54 977 52 323 60 596 59 493 55 584 62 033 56 264 53 664 52 323 59 510 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 317 526 395 927 905 502 545 1 121 845 481 1 633 905 725 (X) Mean income dollars ............................. .. 71 482 75 845 68 234 63 083 62 002 72 727 69 155 62 512 73 479 67 616 64 125 62 002 72 141 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 537 888 662 1 086 1 276 985 941 1 098 1 372 908 2 324 1 276 1 387 (X)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 21 205 31 607 16 667 17 727 12 764 17 924 20 466 19 571 20 998 14 782 15 181 12 764 16 061 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 194 479 201 412 339 301 374 522 513 243 677 339 376 (X)

Gini ratio......................................... .322 .322 .320 .314 .324 .317 .310 .306 .308 .326 .331 .324 .324 (X)

Standard error.................................. .0065 .0099 .0086 .0170 .0194 .0116 .0133 .0207 .0173 .0113 .0297 .0194 .0157 (B)

Wife Year~Round, Full~Time Worker

Total ....................................... 18 509 8 690 9 819 2 148 1 821 5 850 4 331 1 548 2 782 5 488 600 1 821 3 067 .92

Less than $5,000 ................................. 12 9 3 – 1 2 – – – 3 – 1 2 (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 9 6 3 1 – 3 3 1 3 – – – – (B)

$10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 70 24 46 4 17 24 11 2 9 34 2 17 15 (B)

$15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 167 67 101 35 24 42 55 32 23 46 4 24 18 1.08

$20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 349 144 206 48 34 123 78 32 46 128 16 34 78 1.12

$25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 564 229 336 87 85 164 122 52 70 213 35 85 94 1.12

$30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 748 324 424 87 100 237 181 64 116 243 23 100 121 1.04

$35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 1 032 428 604 136 128 340 249 87 163 355 50 128 178 1.09

$40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 1 182 518 664 150 150 365 266 111 155 398 39 150 209 1.00

$45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 1 277 526 751 155 152 444 308 105 203 443 50 152 241 1.07

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 1 296 629 667 169 106 392 306 140 166 361 29 106 226 .87

$55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 1 402 604 798 179 156 463 381 136 245 417 43 156 218 .99

$60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 1 310 612 698 164 128 406 317 118 199 381 45 128 208 .90

$65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 1 199 508 691 157 113 421 274 104 169 417 52 113 252 1.02

$70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 1 059 496 563 112 98 353 240 88 152 323 24 98 201 .93

$75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 944 420 524 122 91 311 241 93 148 283 28 91 163 .96

$80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 783 402 381 87 62 231 178 66 113 202 22 62 118 .80

$85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 619 324 295 46 69 180 130 32 98 165 14 69 82 .80

$90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 511 256 255 42 28 184 119 32 87 136 10 28 98 .84

$95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 532 278 254 41 48 166 122 30 92 132 11 48 73 .79

$100,000 and over ................................ 3 445 1 887 1 558 326 234 997 748 225 524 810 102 234 474 .74

Median income dollars ........................... .. 64 278 66 856 61 878 60 582 58 245 63 804 62 845 60 462 64 777 61 158 60 929 58 245 62 872 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 448 573 453 924 1 266 843 854 1 024 1 076 621 2 326 1 266 1 079 (X)

Mean income dollars ............................. .. 76 357 80 580 72 620 68 891 67 170 75 686 74 261 66 784 78 422 71 325 74 331 67 170 73 204 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 701 1 108 883 1 752 1 483 1 250 1 361 1 328 1 976 1 159 5 241 1 483 1 570 (X)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 23 335 33 633 17 940 19 612 14 002 18 869 21 830 20 672 22 425 15 649 17 526 14 002 16 350 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 276 623 285 674 458 402 534 706 725 333 1 445 458 464 (X)

Gini ratio......................................... .293 .295 .289 .280 .284 .290 .284 .262 .292 .291 .317 .284 .289 (X)

Standard error.................................. .0086 .0125 .0117 .0245 .0268 .0153 .0176 .0279 .0223 .0157 .0493 .0268 .0210 (X)

20nnnnnINCOME
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1996 of

Married~Couple Families, by Work Experience in 1996 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No

related

children Total

All

under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All

under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND WORKEDmCon.

Wife Did Not Work

Total ....................................... 10 500 4 290 6 210 1 697 1 986 2 527 1 866 818 1 048 4 344 878 1 986 1 479 1.29 Less than $5,000 ................................. 158 71 87 45 21 21 28 18 11 59 27 21 10 1.26 $5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 293 95 197 66 67 65 67 40 28 130 26 67 37 1.61 $10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 608 180 427 146 161 121 132 78 54 295 68 161 66 1.68 $15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 754 285 469 157 151 161 138 84 55 330 73 151 106 1.39 $20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 864 320 544 171 194 179 142 81 61 402 89 194 118 1.41 $25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 902 388 514 125 187 203 155 63 91 360 62 187 111 1.28 $30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 781 270 511 156 167 188 166 72 94 345 83 167 94 1.47 $35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 716 281 434 95 148 191 127 45 82 308 50 148 110 1.30 $40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 722 277 445 118 133 195 145 52 93 300 65 133 102 1.25 $45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 583 252 331 92 106 133 102 50 52 229 42 106 81 1.16

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 633 272 361 77 116 168 101 38 63 261 39 116 105 1.18 $55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 371 155 216 58 50 108 83 32 51 133 26 50 57 1.22 $60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 462 213 248 59 69 120 84 27 56 165 32 69 63 1.14 $65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 324 134 190 45 61 85 35 14 20 156 31 61 64 1.37 $70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 258 129 130 21 47 62 45 14 31 85 7 47 31 1.08 $75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 288 133 156 29 40 86 45 13 32 110 16 40 54 1.15 $80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 198 80 118 18 39 61 23 6 17 95 12 39 44 1.37 $85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 141 73 68 21 11 37 20 9 11 48 12 11 25 .88 $90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 138 59 79 32 20 27 21 14 7 58 18 20 20 1.16 $95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 109 69 40 17 8 16 6 – 6 35 17 8 10 .71 $100,000 and over ................................ 1 196 553 643 150 191 302 201 67 134 442 83 191 168 1.09

Median income dollars ........................... .. 40 999 44 512 38 835 34 351 36 258 43 162 38 774 32 622 42 403 38 858 35 873 36 258 43 994 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 438 965 871 1 205 926 1 089 1 525 1 577 1 309 1 005 1 871 926 1 685 (X) Mean income dollars ............................. .. 57 470 60 357 55 476 48 409 55 223 60 419 52 191 42 547 59 725 56 887 53 871 55 223 60 910 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 1 152 1 685 1 560 2 553 3 116 2 390 2 224 1 875 3 643 2 015 4 595 3 116 3 165 (X)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 15 777 25 199 12 315 12 500 10 335 14 151 14 881 12 769 16 389 11 532 12 310 10 335 12 925 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 353 837 381 733 630 631 734 743 1 137 446 1 136 630 756 (X)

Gini ratio......................................... .435 .420 .435 .437 .454 .415 .426 .404 .420 .443 .457 .454 .416 (X)

Standard error.................................. .0127 .0192 .0169 .0314 .0316 .0259 .0295 .0416 .0401 .0206 .0457 .0316 .0340 (X)

HUSBAND YEAR~ROUND, FULL~

TIME WORKER

Total ....................................... 35 041 13 809 21 232 5 326 4 780 11 126 7 956 3 169 4 787 13 276 2 157 4 780 6 339 1.15 Less than $5,000 ................................. 89 38 50 17 19 14 13 7 6 37 10 19 8 1.52 $5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 108 32 76 23 26 27 23 14 9 53 9 26 18 1.58 $10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 527 121 406 146 159 100 133 88 44 273 58 159 56 1.79 $15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 804 249 555 183 187 185 165 100 65 389 83 187 120 1.49 $20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 1 326 444 883 315 255 313 250 155 95 633 161 255 218 1.41 $25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 1 635 532 1 102 289 323 490 372 167 205 730 122 323 286 1.40 $30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 1 957 590 1 367 399 338 631 514 234 280 853 165 338 351 1.37 $35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 2 196 758 1 437 358 359 720 505 199 306 933 159 359 415 1.29 $40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 2 363 868 1 495 410 364 721 535 240 295 960 171 364 426 1.21 $45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 2 258 855 1 404 341 327 736 529 210 319 875 131 327 418 1.17

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 2 431 937 1 494 348 323 823 522 219 303 971 129 323 520 1.15 $55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 2 196 823 1 373 330 298 745 572 223 349 801 106 298 396 1.16 $60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 2 250 906 1 344 346 265 732 513 192 321 831 154 265 411 1.11 $65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 1 913 716 1 196 276 231 689 451 167 283 746 109 231 405 1.15 $70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 1 661 712 948 200 183 565 373 138 235 575 62 183 330 1.05 $75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 1 530 580 950 207 191 551 391 139 253 559 69 191 299 1.15 $80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 1 232 574 658 141 119 399 268 91 177 389 49 119 221 .96 $85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 1 017 483 534 118 93 323 216 65 151 318 53 93 173 .89 $90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 812 341 471 112 75 284 177 60 117 294 52 75 167 1.08 $95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 819 401 418 94 82 242 167 44 123 251 50 82 119 .91 $100,000 and over ................................ 5 919 2 848 3 071 674 564 1 834 1 267 417 851 1 804 257 564 983 .92

Median income dollars ........................... .. 59 109 63 367 56 186 52 055 50 426 60 334 58 705 53 454 61 646 54 549 50 363 50 426 59 216 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 339 576 372 681 684 477 560 1 250 725 545 1 232 684 765 (X)

Mean income dollars ............................. .. 72 311 78 147 68 516 62 270 63 664 73 591 69 076 60 980 74 436 68 180 64 164 63 664 72 953 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 578 977 710 1 191 1 586 1 018 954 1 043 1 414 981 2 508 1 586 1 432 (X)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 20 739 32 284 16 391 17 177 12 745 17 969 20 304 19 022 21 075 14 675 15 129 12 745 16 137 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 195 509 202 411 369 302 368 491 514 246 681 369 378 (X)

Gini ratio......................................... .337 .328 .339 .339 .364 .326 .320 .320 .315 .351 .367 .364 .334 (X)

Standard error.................................. .0064 .0100 .0082 .0160 .0180 .0113 .0130 .0200 .0170 .0106 .0267 .0180 .0152 (B)

INCOMEnnnnn21
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1996 of

Married~Couple Families, by Work Experience in 1996 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No

related

children Total

All

under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All

under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND YEAR~ROUND, FULL~

TIME WORKERmCon.

Wife Worked

Total ....................................... 27 078 11 051 16 028 3 879 3 138 9 011 6 387 2 472 3 915 9 641 1 406 3 138 5 096 1.08

Less than $5,000 ................................. 35 13 22 6 11 5 2 2 – 19 3 11 5 (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 23 9 15 1 8 6 1 1 – 14 – 8 6 (B)

$10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 189 53 135 45 41 49 54 31 23 81 14 41 26 1.45

$15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 307 110 196 58 74 64 56 31 24 141 27 74 40 1.36

$20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 693 254 439 160 101 179 129 81 48 310 79 101 130 1.28

$25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 991 322 669 175 168 326 240 110 130 429 66 168 196 1.33

$30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 1 366 439 927 261 201 465 364 167 197 563 94 201 268 1.25

$35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 1 653 593 1 059 266 231 563 391 154 237 668 112 231 325 1.23

$40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 1 766 654 1 112 304 251 556 415 198 217 696 106 251 339 1.18

$45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 1 780 678 1 102 254 230 617 435 165 270 667 89 230 348 1.14

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 1 923 765 1 158 272 218 668 432 182 250 726 90 218 419 1.10

$55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 1 896 715 1 180 281 253 646 501 197 304 679 84 253 342 1.13

$60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 1 851 745 1 106 286 204 615 431 164 267 675 122 204 349 1.09

$65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 1 629 620 1 010 231 173 606 416 153 263 594 78 173 343 1.09

$70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 1 447 622 825 182 140 503 329 124 204 496 58 140 299 1.03

$75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 1 289 491 798 178 153 467 348 125 223 450 53 153 244 1.11

$80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 1 070 521 549 126 85 338 245 85 160 303 41 85 178 .89

$85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 895 424 471 97 86 288 198 56 141 274 41 86 147 .89

$90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 695 292 403 86 57 260 161 51 110 242 35 57 150 1.06

$95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 717 339 378 77 75 226 161 44 118 217 33 75 108 .93

$100,000 and over ................................ 4 865 2 392 2 473 530 381 1 562 1 078 349 729 1 395 181 381 833 .87

Median income dollars ........................... .. 62 234 66 219 59 995 57 438 55 608 62 538 61 776 58 162 64 800 58 553 56 003 55 608 61 233 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 304 548 396 830 729 598 612 848 880 609 1 292 729 638 (X)

Mean income dollars ............................. .. 74 972 80 429 71 209 65 935 65 249 75 554 72 161 65 223 76 543 70 578 67 188 65 249 74 794 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 613 1 062 729 1 205 1 430 1 075 996 1 170 1 438 1 017 2 612 1 430 1 546 (X)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 22 019 33 364 17 409 18 566 13 477 18 606 21 360 20 538 21 830 15 471 15 953 13 477 16 671 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 221 571 224 464 385 331 409 582 553 273 763 385 419 (X)

Gini ratio......................................... .309 .308 .307 .301 .310 .305 .294 .290 .292 .315 .322 .310 .315 (X)

Standard error.................................. .0071 .0111 .0093 .0184 .0210 .0124 .0144 .0225 .0186 .0122 .0319 .0210 .0168 (B)

Wife Year~Round, Full~Time Worker

Total ....................................... 15 838 7 333 8 504 1 824 1 567 5 113 3 779 1 311 2 468 4 726 513 1 567 2 645 .93 Less than $5,000 ................................. 12 9 3 – 1 2 – – – 3 – 1 2 (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 3 3 – – – – – – – – – – – (B)

$10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 31 8 23 2 10 11 4 – 4 20 2 10 7 (B)

$15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 79 29 50 15 10 26 26 11 14 25 4 10 11 1.15 $20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 227 107 120 26 25 69 36 14 23 83 13 25 46 1.08 $25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 362 155 206 54 48 105 82 31 51 124 23 48 54 1.05 $30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 587 238 349 63 87 199 143 49 94 206 14 87 105 1.10 $35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 803 316 487 112 89 287 201 65 136 286 47 89 151 1.08 $40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 982 419 564 126 128 310 233 96 137 330 29 128 173 1.01 $45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 1 071 436 635 124 130 381 258 82 176 377 43 130 204 1.08

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 1 082 529 554 141 86 326 254 116 138 300 25 86 189 .87 $55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 1 225 501 724 164 150 411 347 125 222 378 39 150 189 1.03 $60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 1 167 530 637 143 115 378 294 103 191 343 40 115 188 .92 $65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 1 072 438 634 148 97 389 254 97 157 380 51 97 232 1.05 $70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 929 428 501 89 93 319 208 74 134 293 16 93 184 .96 $75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 830 348 482 106 89 287 226 83 143 256 24 89 144 1.00 $80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 696 364 332 77 56 199 163 58 106 169 20 56 93 .78 $85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 560 293 267 41 58 168 116 27 89 150 14 58 78 .79 $90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 459 230 229 41 25 164 113 32 80 116 8 25 83 .83

$95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 496 254 242 41 47 154 116 30 86 126 11 47 68 .80

$100,000 and over ................................ 3 163 1 699 1 464 310 224 930 704 218 486 760 93 224 444 .75

Median income dollars ........................... .. 66 127 69 266 64 026 62 463 60 770 65 584 65 175 62 647 66 233 62 997 62 099 60 770 65 069 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 371 893 666 1 156 1 143 603 808 1 416 942 853 2 100 1 143 1 007 (X)

Mean income dollars ............................. .. 79 134 83 732 75 169 72 198 69 744 77 891 76 793 70 228 80 280 73 870 77 232 69 744 75 662 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 784 1 274 956 2 006 1 579 1 332 1 412 1 469 2 008 1 298 6 051 1 579 1 765 (X)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 24 144 34 965 18 611 20 599 14 660 19 428 22 539 21 867 22 866 16 256 18 154 14 660 16 912 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 309 713 314 772 506 435 571 804 755 374 1 651 506 520 (X)

Gini ratio......................................... .286 .287 .279 .271 .272 .283 .274 .251 .281 .284 .314 .272 .284 (X)

Standard error.................................. .0093 .0136 .0126 .0267 .0288 .0164 .0188 .0305 .0236 .0170 .0536 .0288 .0227 (X)

22nnnnnINCOME
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1996 of

Married~Couple Families, by Work Experience in 1996 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No

related

children Total

All

under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All

under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND YEAR~ROUND, FULL~

TIME WORKERmCon.

Wife Did Not Work

Total ....................................... 7 962 2 758 5 204 1 448 1 642 2 115 1 568 697 872 3 636 751 1 642 1 243 1.40

Less than $5,000 ................................. 54 25 28 11 9 9 10 5 6 18 6 9 3 (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 85 24 61 22 18 21 23 13 9 39 9 18 11 1.52

$10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 338 67 271 101 118 52 79 57 21 192 44 118 30 1.98

$15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 498 139 358 124 113 121 110 69 41 249 55 113 80 1.58

$20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 633 190 443 155 154 134 121 74 47 322 81 154 87 1.54

$25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 644 210 434 114 155 165 132 58 75 301 56 155 90 1.51

$30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 591 151 439 137 136 166 150 67 83 290 70 136 83 1.65

$35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 543 165 378 92 129 157 113 45 68 265 47 129 89 1.49

$40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 597 214 383 106 113 165 120 42 78 264 64 113 87 1.30

$45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 478 176 302 87 96 119 94 45 49 208 42 96 70 1.27

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 507 172 335 76 105 154 90 37 53 245 39 105 101 1.34

$55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 300 108 193 49 45 99 71 26 45 121 22 45 54 1.35

$60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 399 161 238 59 61 117 82 27 54 156 32 61 63 1.24

$65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 283 97 187 45 58 83 35 14 20 152 31 58 63 1.53

$70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 214 91 123 18 44 62 44 13 31 79 4 44 31 1.22

$75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 241 89 152 29 38 84 43 13 30 109 16 38 54 1.36

$80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 162 53 109 14 34 61 23 6 17 86 8 34 44 1.42

$85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 122 59 63 21 7 35 18 9 9 44 12 7 25 .94

$90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 117 49 68 26 18 24 17 9 7 51 17 18 17 1.19

$95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 102 61 40 17 8 16 6 – 6 35 17 8 10 .76

$100,000 and over ................................ 1 054 456 599 144 183 271 189 67 121 410 77 183 150 1.16

Median income dollars ........................... .. 44 982 50 398 41 883 37 409 39 468 47 393 41 510 35 455 45 604 42 049 40 313 39 468 49 220 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 698 1 006 539 1 677 1 332 1 480 961 1 686 1 764 742 1 761 1 332 1 691 (X)

Mean income dollars ............................. .. 63 263 69 001 60 222 52 449 60 632 65 226 56 511 45 925 64 973 61 823 58 501 60 632 65 404 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 1 450 2 392 1 818 2 925 3 718 2 758 2 579 2 086 4 282 2 352 5 275 3 718 3 606 (X)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 16 804 28 046 13 514 13 720 11 464 15 372 16 154 13 864 17 816 12 696 13 616 11 464 14 031 (X)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 431 1 157 451 855 760 737 858 851 1 340 529 1 333 760 876 (X)

Gini ratio......................................... .420 .401 .416 .412 .442 .394 .407 .381 .402 .424 .431 .442 .391 (X)

Standard error.................................. .0145 .0236 .0184 .0340 .0345 .0283 .0321 .0451 .0441 .0225 .0496 .0345 .0369 (X)

HUSBAND DID NOT WORK

Total ....................................... 10 651 9 282 1 369 211 294 864 668 152 516 701 59 294 347 .24 Less than $5,000 ................................. 389 244 145 37 33 75 61 24 37 84 14 33 38 .70 $5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 602 453 149 25 36 88 66 14 52 83 11 36 36 .51 $10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 1 255 1 056 198 24 46 128 97 17 80 101 7 46 48 .28 $15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 1 470 1 332 138 12 32 94 61 9 52 77 3 32 42 .21 $20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 1 318 1 184 134 23 24 87 68 15 52 67 8 24 35 .20 $25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 1 170 1 048 122 17 31 74 54 14 40 68 3 31 34 .22 $30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 815 739 75 16 18 41 39 12 27 37 4 18 15 .16 $35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 700 633 66 12 8 47 41 12 29 26 – 8 18 .16 $40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 580 517 63 7 12 44 41 7 34 23 – 12 10 .19 $45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 451 398 53 3 15 35 25 1 24 28 2 15 11 .19

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 305 274 31 3 8 20 13 2 11 18 2 8 9 .20 $55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 284 249 36 4 6 26 24 4 21 11 – 6 6 .16 $60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 240 210 30 4 7 19 15 3 12 15 1 7 7 .20 $65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 168 140 28 4 4 20 10 2 8 18 2 4 12 .30 $70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 131 109 22 – 2 21 8 – 8 14 – 2 13 .29 $75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 144 132 13 – – 13 8 – 8 4 – – 4 .19 $80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 94 88 6 2 – 4 6 2 4 – – – – .06 $85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 72 65 6 3 1 2 – – – 6 3 1 2 (B)

$90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 73 69 4 – 2 2 2 – 2 2 – 2 – (B)

$95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 62 58 4 4 – – 4 4 – – – – – (B)

$100,000 and over ................................ 328 285 43 10 8 24 25 10 15 18 – 8 9 .25

Median income dollars ........................... .. 26 155 26 677 21 949 21 436 19 986 22 536 23 417 23 914 23 247 20 393 (B) 19 986 21 587 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 306 325 1 015 3 159 2 177 1 276 1 564 2 766 1 767 1 393 (B) 2 177 1 987 (B)

Mean income dollars ............................. .. 33 617 34 194 29 709 29 851 26 807 30 664 31 407 33 069 30 919 28 091 (B) 26 807 30 283 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 411 437 1 188 3 474 2 195 1 503 1 702 4 427 1 776 1 654 (B) 2 195 2 644 (B)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 13 372 15 306 6 733 7 578 4 650 7 539 8 761 8 876 8 725 5 400 (B) 4 650 6 249 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 219 272 329 1 041 472 457 598 1 416 649 381 (B) 472 647 (B)

Gini ratio......................................... .394 .383 .465 .530 .451 .452 .456 .522 .436 .472 (B) .451 .475 (B)

Standard error.................................. .0117 .0125 .0330 .0868 .0694 .0413 .0470 .1039 .0518 .0464 (B) .0694 .0683 (B)

INCOMEnnnnn23
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1996 of

Married~Couple Families, by Work Experience in 1996 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No

related

children Total

All

under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All

under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND DID NOT WORKmCon.

Wife Worked

Total ....................................... 2 725 1 987 738 121 148 468 362 96 266 376 26 148 202 .50 Less than $5,000 ................................. 61 29 31 15 6 11 14 12 2 18 3 6 9 (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 104 54 50 8 14 27 14 5 9 35 3 14 18 1.13 $10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 170 94 77 14 21 42 34 9 25 42 5 21 17 .83 $15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 263 178 85 4 14 66 36 3 33 49 1 14 33 .68 $20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 316 228 88 16 11 61 46 10 36 42 6 11 26 .49 $25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 269 199 71 17 16 38 41 14 26 30 3 16 11 .47 $30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 215 169 46 8 13 26 23 8 15 23 – 13 10 .37 $35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 208 166 42 6 1 34 33 6 27 9 – 1 8 .28 $40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 203 152 50 7 8 35 32 7 25 18 – 8 10 .46 $45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 156 121 34 – 13 21 11 – 11 24 – 13 11 .39

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 106 84 21 2 6 13 10 2 8 11 – 6 5 .41 $55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 148 116 32 4 4 24 24 4 21 7 – 4 3 .25 $60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 93 75 18 3 7 8 7 3 4 11 – 7 4 .34 $65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 75 53 22 2 2 18 6 – 6 17 2 2 12 .57 $70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 68 50 19 – 2 17 8 – 8 11 – 2 9 (B)

$75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 35 25 10 – – 10 5 – 5 4 – – 4 (B)

$80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 33 33 – – – – – – – – – – – (B)

$85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 37 31 6 3 – 2 – – – 6 3 – 2 (B)

$90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 25 23 2 – 2 – – – – 2 – 2 – (B)

$95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 16 12 4 4 – – 4 4 – – – – – (B)

$100,000 and over ................................ 126 96 30 8 7 15 14 8 6 16 – 7 9 .54

Median income dollars ........................... .. 34 126 36 161 27 265 25 661 27 811 28 230 29 217 26 946 30 426 25 333 (B) 27 811 24 796 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 958 905 1 442 2 470 3 058 2 360 2 211 2 621 3 409 2 030 (B) 3 058 2 979 (B) Mean income dollars ............................. .. 41 063 42 890 36 143 36 287 34 138 36 739 36 214 38 218 35 495 36 074 (B) 34 138 38 379 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 882 1 020 1 717 5 094 3 252 2 123 2 215 6 032 2 087 2 610 (B) 3 252 4 075 (B)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 14 202 18 042 8 452 9 706 6 216 9 115 10 369 10 734 10 235 7 171 (B) 6 216 8 041 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 431 646 517 1 656 792 689 865 2 066 907 644 (B) 792 1 036 (B)

Gini ratio......................................... .363 .343 .408 .494 .405 .385 .380 .490 .331 .435 (B) .405 .444 (B)

Standard error.................................. .0218 .0252 .0442 .1150 .0928 .0553 .0625 .1322 .0670 .0623 (B) .0928 .0894 (B)

Wife Year~Round, Full~Time Worker

Total ....................................... 1 470 1 026 444 70 99 274 222 61 160 222 9 99 113 .56

Less than $5,000 ................................. 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 20 13 8 – 5 3 3 – 3 5 – 5 – (B)

$10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 62 30 32 6 11 15 14 6 8 18 – 11 7 (B)

$15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 103 61 42 1 10 31 19 1 17 24 – 10 14 .91

$20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 165 115 50 6 8 36 22 4 18 29 3 8 18 .55

$25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 122 81 41 14 10 17 19 11 8 22 3 10 9 .66

$30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 120 84 36 6 13 17 15 6 9 21 – 13 8 .56

$35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 131 98 33 6 – 26 27 6 21 5 – – 5 .31

$40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 138 91 47 7 8 32 31 7 24 16 – 8 8 .64

$45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 91 66 25 – 11 15 7 – 7 18 – 11 8 .52

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 72 53 19 2 5 13 10 2 8 9 – 5 5 (B)

$55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 95 71 24 4 4 16 19 4 15 5 – 4 1 .29

$60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 64 48 16 3 7 6 5 3 2 11 – 7 4 (B)

$65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 53 36 17 – 2 14 6 – 6 11 – 2 8 (B)

$70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 39 22 17 – 2 15 8 – 8 9 – 2 7 (B)

$75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 15 13 2 – – 2 1 – 1 2 – – 2 (B)

$80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 30 30 – – – – – – – – – – – (B)

$85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 31 25 6 3 – 2 – – – 6 3 – 2 (B)

$90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 22 19 2 – 2 – – – – 2 – 2 – (B)

$95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 10 6 4 4 – – 4 4 – – – – – (B)

$100,000 and over ................................ 84 61 23 8 2 13 14 8 6 9 – 2 7 .47

Median income dollars ........................... .. 40 269 41 297 36 825 (B) 32 169 38 080 38 319 (B) 38 689 32 944 (B) 32 169 35 738 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 983 1 057 2 437 (B) 5 357 2 272 2 071 (B) 2 207 4 319 (B) 5 357 5 721 (B)

Mean income dollars ............................. .. 46 665 48 250 43 002 (B) 37 531 42 713 44 187 (B) 40 985 41 818 (B) 37 531 45 159 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 1 149 1 357 2 131 (B) 3 426 2 562 3 094 (B) 2 865 2 926 (B) 3 426 4 651 (B)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 15 550 19 800 9 989 (B) 7 155 10 336 12 218 (B) 11 282 8 375 (B) 7 155 9 331 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 592 921 701 (B) 986 903 1 228 (B) 1 239 825 (B) 986 1 322 (B)

Gini ratio......................................... .325 .315 .341 (B) .322 .325 .339 (B) .298 .346 (B) .322 .354 (B)

Standard error.................................. .0291 .0343 .0549 (B) .1035 .0683 .0797 (B) .0856 .0753 (B) .1035 .1096 (B)

24nnnnnINCOME
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1996 of

Married~Couple Families, by Work Experience in 1996 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No

related

children Total

All

under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All

under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6

to 17

years

All

6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND DID NOT WORKmCon.

Wife Did Not Work

Total ....................................... 7 926 7 295 631 90 146 395 306 56 250 325 34 146 145 .15 Less than $5,000 ................................. 328 215 114 23 27 64 47 12 35 66 11 27 29 .66 $5,000 to $9,999 ................................. 498 399 99 17 22 61 52 9 43 47 8 22 18 .38 $10,000 to $14,999 ............................... 1 084 963 122 10 26 86 63 8 55 59 2 26 32 .20 $15,000 to $19,999 ............................... 1 207 1 154 53 8 18 27 24 6 19 29 2 18 9 .11 $20,000 to $24,999 ............................... 1 002 955 47 7 14 26 22 5 17 25 2 14 9 .11 $25,000 to $29,999 ............................... 901 849 52 – 15 36 14 – 14 38 – 15 23 .14 $30,000 to $34,999 ............................... 600 570 29 8 5 16 16 4 12 14 4 5 4 .09 $35,000 to $39,999 ............................... 492 468 24 5 7 12 8 5 2 17 – 7 10 .11 $40,000 to $44,999 ............................... 377 364 13 – 4 9 9 – 9 4 – 4 – .05 $45,000 to $49,999 ............................... 295 277 18 3 2 14 14 1 13 4 2 2 1 .08

$50,000 to $54,999 ............................... 199 190 10 2 1 7 3 – 3 7 2 1 4 .09 $55,000 to $59,999 ............................... 137 133 4 – 2 2 – – – 4 – 2 2 .07 $60,000 to $64,999 ............................... 146 135 11 1 – 10 8 – 8 3 1 – 2 .11 $65,000 to $69,999 ............................... 93 87 6 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 – 2 – .09 $70,000 to $74,999 ............................... 63 59 3 – – 3 – – – 3 – – 3 (B)

$75,000 to $79,999 ............................... 110 107 3 – – 3 3 – 3 – – – – .03 $80,000 to $84,999 ............................... 62 55 6 2 – 4 6 2 4 – – – – (B)

$85,000 to $89,999 ............................... 35 34 1 – 1 – – – – 1 – 1 – (B)

$90,000 to $94,999 ............................... 48 46 2 – – 2 2 – 2 – – – – (B)

$95,000 to $99,999 ............................... 46 46 – – – – – – – – – – – (B)

$100,000 and over ................................ 202 189 13 3 1 9 12 3 9 1 – 1 – .07

Median income dollars ........................... .. 24 148 24 776 14 188 12 964 14 873 13 983 14 302 (B) 14 183 14 065 (B) 14 873 13 376 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 361 366 804 3 557 2 044 1 203 1 291 (B) 1 459 1 377 (B) 2 044 2 444 (B) Mean income dollars ............................. .. 31 058 31 825 22 191 21 143 19 390 23 466 25 723 (B) 26 044 18 867 (B) 19 390 19 029 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 454 473 1 497 4 002 2 644 1 977 2 550 (B) 2 844 1 591 (B) 2 644 2 121 (B)

Income per family member dollars ................. .. 13 025 14 499 4 853 5 022 3 209 5 708 6 962 (B) 7 186 3 495 (B) 3 209 3 846 (B)

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 255 297 384 1 102 515 568 811 (B) 924 356 (B) 515 541 (B)

Gini ratio......................................... .397 .386 .511 .557 .461 .513 .536 (B) .531 .468 (B) .461 .456 (B)

Standard error.................................. .0139 .0145 .0508 .1278 .1050 .0643 .0737 (B) .0825 .0621 (B) .1050 .0909 (B)

INCOMEnnnnn25
TIPS PS [HHE_CPAS,C_CARBAUGH 7/ 1/97 16:01:16 DSVX01 TLP:INCOME97.TLP;2 7/ 1/97 11:53:28 DATA:COMBINED.DAT;2 7/ 1/97 16:00:58 PSC:TIPS_16005879_01.PSC PAGE: 9

TSF:TIPS92~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 UTF:TIPS93~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:00:59 META:TIPS96~16005879.DAT;1 7/ 1/97 16:01:10

Table 7. Median Income of Persons by Selected Characteristics: 1996, 1995, and 1994

[Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of

symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income

(1995~1996)

TOTAL

Male

All males 93 ........................ 439 23 834 157 92 066 22 562 146 91 254 21 720 110 * 2.6

Region

Northeast 18 .............................. 060 25 282 264 17 943 24 610 344 17 950 23 709 332 –.2 Midwest 21 ............................... 908 25 406 243 21 839 24 298 324 21 545 22 275 224 1.6 South 32 ................................. 464 22 234 187 31 785 21 162 181 31 633 20 343 185 * 2.1 West 21 .................................. 006 23 395 366 20 498 22 314 279 20 126 22 029 237 1.8

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 80 ................................. 041 24 949 156 79 022 23 895 177 78 220 22 669 174 * 1.4

Black 9 .................................. 410 16 491 329 9 339 16 006 285 9 199 14 982 313 .1

Hispanic origin1......................... 9 305 15 437 250 8 577 14 840 292 8 375 14 500 299 1.0

Relationship to Family

Householder

In families 74 .............................. 453 24 513 182 73 762 23 335 187 73 204 22 319 128 * 2.0

Householder 45 ........................ 760 30 853 162 46 907 29 749 247 48 006 28 168 226 .7

Spouse of householder 10 ............... 816 29 672 509 9 454 28 355 580 8 322 27 368 491 1.6

Other relative of householder 17 .......... 876 8 392 185 17 401 8 127 166 16 876 7 591 162 .3

In unrelated subfamilies 341 ................. 12 650 1 254 247 13 722 1 822 341 12 980 1 128 –10.5

Unrelated individuals 18 .................... 646 21 975 228 18 058 20 777 223 17 709 19 804 254 * 2.7

Age

Under 65 years 80 ......................... 265 25 548 130 78 974 24 470 183 78 425 23 373 176 * 1.4

15 to 24 years 14 ....................... 016 6 960 127 13 802 6 913 137 13 708 7 048 126 –2.2

25 to 34 years 19 ....................... 354 25 179 194 19 617 23 609 260 19 976 22 606 224 * 3.6

35 to 44 years 21 ....................... 181 32 167 216 20 773 31 420 216 20 386 30 707 236 –.6

45 to 54 years 15 ....................... 748 36 232 312 14 920 35 586 345 14 714 34 933 422 –1.1

55 to 64 years 9 ....................... 966 29 526 583 9 863 28 980 561 9 641 27 075 424 –1.0

65 years and over 13 ...................... 173 16 684 221 13 092 16 484 195 12 829 15 250 195 –1.7

65 to 74 years 7 ....................... 947 18 605 338 8 131 18 347 278 8 010 16 599 251 –1.5

75 years and over 5 ................... 227 14 494 192 4 960 14 160 242 4 819 13 659 219 –.6

Occupation Group of Longest Job2

(Earnings)

Total with earnings3 ............... 76 121 25 785 123 74 619 25 018 157 74 264 23 656 185 .1

Executive, administrators, and managerial 10 . 396 42 681 742 10 156 42 304 470 9 906 41 410 345 –2.0

Professional specialty 9 ................... 118 42 309 467 8 799 41 639 306 8 777 41 090 315 –1.3

Technical and related support 2 ............ 056 32 608 1 065 1 835 31 619 467 1 977 30 642 586 .2

Sales 8 .................................. 324 27 493 569 8 479 26 047 428 8 364 25 790 368 2.5

Administrative support, including clerical 4 ... 294 22 450 542 4 366 21 960 428 4 189 21 023 372 –.7

Precision production, craft, and repair 13 ..... 993 26 296 229 13 180 26 074 225 13 333 24 681 332 * –2.0

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors 5 ............................ 327 22 096 283 5 375 21 222 258 5 303 20 621 308 1.1

Transportation and material moving 5 ....... 234 23 692 528 5 124 22 151 343 5 061 21 546 335 3.9

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,

and laborers 5 .......................... 055 10 908 310 4 948 11 796 335 4 944 10 905 253 * –10.2

Service workers 8 ........................ 340 12 569 308 8 147 12 345 254 8 118 11 746 259 –1.1

Private household 34 .................... (B) (B) 67 (B) (B) 48 (B) (B) (X)

Service workers, except private

household 8 ......................... 305 12 612 318 8 079 12 432 291 8 070 11 823 261 –1.5

Farming, forestry, and fishing 3 ............. 284 11 355 303 3 462 10 756 343 3 456 10 431 303 2.5

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 79 ........... 423 27 248 123 78 264 26 346 128 77 546 25 465 123 .5

Less than 9th grade 6 ..................... 139 12 174 176 6 277 11 723 182 6 507 11 324 170 .9

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 7 ............ 671 16 058 255 7 490 15 791 244 7 286 14 584 268 –1.2

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 25 .......................... 510 24 814 228 24 909 23 365 246 24 704 22 387 164 * 3.2

Some college, no degree 13 ................ 756 29 160 398 13 715 28 004 393 13 573 26 768 239 1.1

Associate degree 5 ....................... 210 33 065 645 5 230 31 027 362 5 046 30 643 459 * 3.5

Bachelor’s degree or more 21 ............... 136 44 161 506 20 644 43 322 606 20 429 42 027 257 –1.0

Bachelor’s degree 13 ................... 510 39 624 521 13 065 39 040 617 12 997 38 701 531 –1.4 Master’s degree 4 ..................... 709 50 003 1 013 4 774 49 076 1 066 4 558 46 635 967 –1.0 Professional degree 1 .................. 702 71 869 2 643 1 657 66 257 2 682 1 691 61 739 2 324 5.4 Doctorate degree 1 .................... 215 62 255 1 639 1 149 57 356 2 362 1 183 57 478 1 619 5.4

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

2Amounts shown are median earnings.

3Includes persons whose longest job was in the Armed Forces.

26nnnnnINCOME
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Table 7. Median Income of Persons by Selected Characteristics: 1996, 1995, and 1994mCon.

[Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of

symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income

(1995~1996)

TOTAL

Female

All females 96 ....................... 558 12 815 106 96 007 12 130 75 95 147 11 466 71 * 2.6

Region

Northeast 19 .............................. 400 13 451 221 19 248 12 482 192 19 292 11 963 149 * 4.7 Midwest 23 ............................... 219 13 051 218 23 336 12 380 160 22 964 11 572 135 2.4 South 33 ................................. 772 12 357 128 33 621 11 589 127 33 212 10 939 120 * 3.6 West 20 .................................. 167 12 831 246 19 801 12 457 208 19 679 11 797 161 –

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 80 ................................. 741 12 961 113 80 608 12 316 82 80 045 11 630 77 * 2.2

Black 11 .................................. 817 11 772 246 11 607 10 961 228 11 450 10 544 217 * 4.3

Hispanic origin1......................... 7 744 9 484 227 7 478 8 928 227 7 298 8 613 223 3.2

Relationship to Family

Householder

In families 75 .............................. 416 12 081 88 75 445 11 385 88 74 951 10 808 85 * 3.1

Householder 22 ........................ 567 14 507 214 21 094 13 937 202 19 819 13 315 206 1.1

Spouse of householder 38 ............... 787 13 901 189 40 288 12 569 166 41 878 11 622 114 * 7.4

Other relative of householder 14 .......... 062 6 578 107 14 062 6 084 106 13 254 6 189 103 * 5.0

In unrelated subfamilies 717 ................. 10 735 713 737 12 116 750 762 10 220 590 * –13.9

Unrelated individuals 20 .................... 425 15 214 194 19 825 14 820 167 19 434 13 839 178 –.3

Age

Under 65 years 78 ......................... 532 14 476 130 78 017 13 484 126 77 300 12 487 100 * 4.3

15 to 24 years 13 ....................... 502 5 881 116 13 550 5 310 122 13 318 5 508 110 * 7.6

25 to 34 years 18 ....................... 481 16 384 224 18 856 15 557 174 19 174 14 884 203 2.3

35 to 44 years 20 ....................... 637 18 447 288 20 458 17 397 242 20 131 16 189 212 * 3.0

45 to 54 years 15 ....................... 693 19 046 284 15 139 17 723 299 14 666 17 051 251 * 4.4

55 to 64 years 10 ....................... 220 13 316 335 10 014 12 381 274 10 011 10 867 237 4.5

65 years and over 18 ...................... 026 9 626 84 17 990 9 355 83 17 847 8 950 83 –.1

65 to 74 years 9 ....................... 642 9 656 128 9 826 9 277 127 9 875 8 826 130 1.1

75 years and over 8 ................... 384 9 598 111 8 163 9 427 109 7 972 9 062 104 –1.1

Occupation Group of Longest Job2

(Earnings)

Total with earnings3 ............... 66 661 16 028 108 65 557 15 322 102 64 706 14 323 131 * 1.6

Executive, administrators, and managerial 8 . 493 27 369 334 8 013 26 787 288 7 570 25 980 283 –.8

Professional specialty 10 ................... 821 27 721 408 10 487 27 234 289 10 198 26 449 315 –1.1

Technical and related support 2 ............ 404 24 011 501 2 515 21 968 343 2 340 22 524 497 * 6.2

Sales 9 .................................. 326 10 112 218 9 056 9 571 242 8 626 9 070 233 2.6

Administrative support, including clerical 15 ... 663 17 029 164 15 813 16 292 148 16 085 15 880 151 1.5

Precision production, craft, and repair 1 ..... 345 16 640 505 1 288 16 792 471 1 362 15 815 684 –3.7

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors 3 ............................ 499 13 243 385 3 573 12 361 267 3 503 12 095 233 4.1

Transportation and material moving 577 ....... 12 740 746 549 12 787 1 060 589 11 686 875 –3.2

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,

and laborers 1 .......................... 205 9 050 793 1 123 9 686 677 1 156 7 893 550 –9.2

Service workers 12 ........................ 545 7 756 184 12 294 7 483 153 12 438 7 059 123 .7

Private household 900 .................... 4 428 620 1 007 4 062 434 1 023 3 287 450 5.9

Service workers, except private

household 11 ......................... 645 8 122 190 11 288 7 925 187 11 415 7 453 143 –.5

Farming, forestry, and fishing 707 ............. 5 332 804 789 5 015 639 752 4 223 505 3.3

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 83 ........... 056 14 682 111 82 457 13 821 109 81 829 12 766 105 * 3.2

Less than 9th grade 5 ..................... 775 7 276 92 6 020 7 096 88 6 183 6 865 78 –.4

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 7 ............ 929 8 544 147 8 122 8 057 160 7 943 7 618 137 3.0

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 29 .......................... 212 12 702 152 28 785 12 046 116 29 110 11 390 103 * 2.4

Some college, no degree 14 ................ 528 16 255 232 14 619 15 552 224 14 911 14 585 221 1.5

Associate degree 6 ....................... 839 20 460 343 6 642 19 450 426 6 573 17 954 381 2.2

Bachelor’s degree or more 18 ............... 775 27 556 303 18 269 26 843 257 17 109 26 237 237 –.3

Bachelor’s degree 13 ................... 247 25 192 291 12 875 24 065 372 11 773 23 405 347 1.7 Master’s degree 4 ..................... 285 33 302 779 4 205 33 509 721 4 166 32 069 383 –3.5 Professional degree 715 .................. 42 059 2 408 732 38 588 1 834 709 35 806 2 345 5.9 Doctorate degree 527 .................... 42 431 1 967 457 39 821 2 096 462 40 793 2 787 3.5

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

2Amounts shown are median earnings.

3Includes persons whose longest job was in the Armed Forces.

INCOMEnnnnn27
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Table 7. Median Income of Persons by Selected Characteristics: 1996, 1995, and 1994mCon.

[Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of

symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income

(1995~1996)

YEAR~ROUND, FULL~TIME

WORKERS

Male

All males 53 ........................ 792 33 538 267 52 669 32 199 123 51 592 31 612 134 1.2

Region

Northeast 10 .............................. 127 36 296 330 10 030 35 521 330 9 886 35 850 286 –.7

Midwest 12 ............................... 967 35 053 374 12 962 33 421 545 12 324 31 976 285 1.9

South 18 ................................. 849 31 259 218 18 363 30 215 234 18 190 29 421 340 .5

West 11 .................................. 849 34 319 715 11 314 32 962 567 11 192 32 112 305 1.1

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 46 ................................. 661 34 741 281 45 663 33 515 287 44 625 32 440 177 .7 Black 4 .................................. 799 27 136 372 4 828 24 798 484 4 761 24 405 507 * 6.3 Hispanic origin1......................... 5 540 21 265 312 4 960 20 553 340 4 778 20 525 317 .5

Relationship to Family

Householder

In families 43 .............................. 317 35 135 184 42 656 33 428 307 41 783 32 535 228 * 2.1 Householder 29 ........................ 988 37 830 333 30 412 36 766 193 30 872 35 901 172 –.1 Spouse of householder 7 ............... 283 37 076 412 6 324 35 764 454 5 435 35 756 445 .7 Other relative of householder 6 .......... 046 19 731 332 5 920 18 482 334 5 476 17 864 298 * 3.7 In unrelated subfamilies 186 ................. 20 379 1 581 116 22 319 2 444 177 20 018 2 166 –11.3 Unrelated individuals 10 .................... 289 29 968 387 9 897 28 917 411 9 631 27 273 272 .7

Age

Under 65 years 52 ......................... 730 33 321 268 51 623 32 118 124 50 546 31 555 134 .8

15 to 24 years 4 ....................... 028 17 410 281 4 169 16 659 196 4 026 15 860 204 1.5

25 to 34 years 14 ....................... 449 28 962 356 14 434 27 415 229 14 489 26 572 170 * 2.6

35 to 44 years 16 ....................... 577 36 957 236 16 183 36 125 225 15 644 35 586 238 –.6

45 to 54 years 12 ....................... 234 41 481 310 11 430 41 062 281 11 299 40 367 291 * –1.9

55 to 64 years 5 ....................... 441 39 563 669 5 406 38 713 897 5 088 37 799 747 –.7

65 years and over 1 ...................... 063 42 836 2 086 1 047 41 259 1 389 1 045 35 667 1 593 .8

65 to 74 years 883 ....................... 43 359 2 212 903 41 169 1 457 913 35 327 1 808 2.3

75 years and over 179 ................... 40 833 6 764 143 42 048 7 333 132 36 745 3 156 –5.7

Occupation Group of Longest Job2

(Earnings)

Total with earnings3 ............... 53 787 32 144 114 52 667 31 496 115 51 580 30 854 124 * –.9 Executive, administrators, and managerial 9 . 066 46 654 485 8 718 46 534 522 8 368 45 944 509 * –2.6 Professional specialty 7 ................... 085 50 012 748 6 837 47 339 643 6 845 46 488 491 2.6 Technical and related support 1 ............ 638 36 775 575 1 463 36 035 733 1 551 35 235 1 122 –.9 Sales 5 .................................. 997 35 104 701 6 073 35 064 733 6 037 32 850 673 –2.8 Administrative support, including clerical 2 ... 875 30 381 518 3 076 27 423 581 2 840 26 874 343 * 7.6

Precision production, craft, and repair 10 ..... 278 30 421 222 9 602 30 421 210 9 540 29 527 353 * –2.9

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors 4 ............................ 032 25 625 322 4 065 24 262 490 3 889 24 173 434 2.6

Transportation and material moving 3 ....... 634 27 723 589 3 630 26 607 443 3 364 26 036 365 1.2

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,

and laborers 2 .......................... 231 20 793 358 2 358 18 858 503 2 251 18 239 441 * 7.1

Service workers 4 ........................ 654 21 028 322 4 397 21 331 282 4 317 20 996 310 * –4.2 Private household 9 .................... (B) (B) 10 (B) (B) 13 (B) (B) (X)

Service workers, except private

household 4 ......................... 645 21 036 322 4 386 21 359 281 4 304 21 037 309 * –4.3

Farming, forestry, and fishing 1 ............. 672 18 127 791 1 790 17 349 506 1 815 16 261 363 1.5

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 49 ........... 764 35 622 150 48 500 34 551 274 47 566 33 440 246 .1

Less than 9th grade 2 ..................... 041 17 962 594 1 946 18 354 544 1 895 17 532 452 –4.9

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 3 ............ 441 22 717 413 3 335 22 185 342 3 057 22 048 319 –.5

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 15 .......................... 840 30 709 183 15 331 29 510 357 15 109 28 037 322 1.1

Some college, no degree 9 ................ 173 34 845 456 8 908 33 883 517 8 783 32 279 299 –.1

Associate degree 3 ....................... 931 37 131 434 3 926 35 201 535 3 735 35 794 430 2.5

Bachelor’s degree or more 15 ............... 339 51 436 303 15 054 50 481 312 14 987 49 228 707 –1.0

Bachelor’s degree 9 ................... 898 45 846 458 9 597 45 266 510 9 636 43 663 633 –1.6

Master’s degree 3 ..................... 272 60 508 945 3 395 55 216 973 3 225 53 500 854 * 6.4

Professional degree 1 .................. 277 85 963 3 317 1 208 79 668 2 582 1 258 75 009 3 039 4.8

Doctorate degree 893 .................... 71 227 3 362 853 65 336 2 188 868 61 921 1 619 5.9

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

2Amounts shown are median earnings.

3Includes persons whose longest job was in the Armed Forces.

28nnnnnINCOME
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Table 7. Median Income of Persons by Selected Characteristics: 1996, 1995, and 1994mCon.

[Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of

symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1996 1995 1994

Median income Median income Median income

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income

(1995~1996)

YEAR~ROUND, FULL~TIME

WORKERS

Female

All females 36 ....................... 445 24 935 149 35 495 23 777 162 34 175 23 265 160 * 1.9

Region

Northeast 6 .............................. 988 27 103 271 6 817 26 325 229 6 663 26 286 226 –

Midwest 8 ............................... 752 24 599 308 8 514 23 658 330 8 393 22 169 208 1.0

South 13 ................................. 588 22 946 286 13 100 21 701 191 12 310 21 557 204 * 2.7

West 7 .................................. 117 26 132 316 7 064 25 300 382 6 809 25 200 345 .3

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 29 ................................. 607 25 358 146 29 125 24 264 173 28 198 23 894 179 * 1.5 Black 5 .................................. 098 21 990 272 4 812 21 079 302 4 556 20 628 304 1.3 Hispanic origin1......................... 2 952 19 272 546 2 771 17 855 493 2 577 18 418 575 4.8

Relationship to Family

Householder

In families 28 .............................. 846 24 438 171 28 077 23 235 181 27 096 22 778 187 * 2.2 Householder 9 ........................ 808 25 281 252 9 095 24 190 312 8 275 24 128 310 1.5 Spouse of householder 15 ............... 640 25 442 192 15 606 24 356 238 15 808 23 529 258 1.5 Other relative of householder 3 .......... 399 18 663 354 3 377 17 403 338 3 013 17 348 259 * 4.2 In unrelated subfamilies 245 ................. 20 291 1 293 340 20 524 1 031 262 16 422 1 027 –4.0 Unrelated individuals 7 .................... 353 26 686 279 7 078 25 955 292 6 817 25 103 297 –.1

Age

Under 65 years 35 ......................... 885 24 899 152 35 004 23 722 164 33 695 23 239 163 * 2.0

15 to 24 years 2 ....................... 895 15 699 255 2 822 15 141 261 2 795 15 063 252 .7

25 to 34 years 9 ....................... 481 23 838 269 9 709 22 567 241 9 749 22 426 213 * 2.6

35 to 44 years 11 ....................... 094 26 787 241 10 794 26 121 251 10 155 25 744 239 –.4

45 to 54 years 8 ....................... 709 27 154 279 8 246 26 143 307 7 691 25 911 303 .9

55 to 64 years 3 ....................... 706 25 080 431 3 433 24 121 542 3 304 22 875 500 1.0

65 years and over 559 ...................... 27 070 1 393 491 26 606 937 480 24 498 1 119 –1.2

65 to 74 years 489 ....................... 26 829 1 408 416 26 215 1 269 412 24 693 1 144 –.6

75 years and over 71 ................... (B) (B) 75 27 411 1 802 68 (B) (B) (X)

Occupation Group of Longest Job2

(Earnings)

Total with earnings3 ............... 36 430 23 710 166 35 482 22 497 137 34 155 22 205 110 * 2.4 Executive, administrators, and managerial 6 . 480 31 208 252 6 022 30 635 245 5 657 30 299 303 –1.1 Professional specialty 6 ................... 230 34 537 535 6 107 33 301 540 5 745 32 321 265 .7 Technical and related support 1 ............ 569 27 239 536 1 534 26 806 379 1 430 27 202 479 –1.3 Sales 3 .................................. 988 21 350 327 3 815 20 279 337 3 565 18 986 436 2.3 Administrative support, including clerical 9 ... 435 21 758 141 9 452 21 141 137 9 368 20 942 138 –

Precision production, craft, and repair 851 ..... 21 165 470 806 21 343 712 825 21 637 591 –3.7

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors 2 ............................ 139 17 456 373 2 105 16 473 272 2 058 16 359 242 2.9

Transportation and material moving 235 ....... 17 681 2 105 245 19 063 1 554 234 23 249 1 370 –9.9

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,

and laborers 448 .......................... 16 856 506 496 14 864 567 481 14 800 546 * 10.1

Service workers 4 ........................ 754 14 976 232 4 584 14 477 270 4 484 13 518 245 .5 Private household 257 .................... 11 365 442 241 10 435 786 206 10 330 757 5.8 Service workers, except private

household 4 ......................... 497 15 225 226 4 343 14 718 274 4 279 13 719 248 .5

Farming, forestry, and fishing 233 ............. 17 251 1 955 283 11 883 777 246 10 685 569 * 41.0

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 33 ........... 549 25 808 131 32 673 24 875 160 31 379 24 399 165 .8

Less than 9th grade 750 ..................... 14 414 559 774 13 577 490 696 12 430 427 3.1

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 1 ............ 751 16 953 333 1 763 15 825 293 1 675 15 133 328 * 4.1

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 11 .......................... 363 21 175 143 11 064 20 463 162 10 785 20 373 158 .5

Some college, no degree 6 ................ 582 25 167 267 6 329 23 997 274 6 256 23 514 326 1.9

Associate degree 3 ....................... 468 28 083 526 3 336 27 311 427 3 210 25 940 295 –.1

Bachelor’s degree or more 9 ............... 636 36 461 296 9 406 35 259 313 8 756 35 378 280 .4

Bachelor’s degree 6 ................... 689 33 525 437 6 434 32 051 273 5 901 31 741 314 1.6

Master’s degree 2 ..................... 213 41 901 564 2 268 40 263 555 2 174 39 457 605 1.1

Professional degree 413 .................. 57 624 3 635 421 50 000 2 532 398 50 615 2 154 11.9

Doctorate degree 322 .................... 56 267 3 300 283 48 141 2 373 283 51 119 2 887 * 13.5

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

2Amounts shown are median earnings.

3Includes persons whose longest job was in the Armed Forces.

INCOMEnnnnn29
Table 8. Selected Characteristics of PersonsmTotal Money Income in 1996 of Persons 15

Years Old and Over by Work Experience in 1996 and Sex

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

With income

Median income Mean income

Total Total

$1 to

$4,999

or loss

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

and over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

MALE

Total

All males 100 ................ 159 93 439 9 014 10 402 10 931 18 145 14 516 13 996 9 912 6 523 23 834 157 32 800 247

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 80 ....... 572 75 048 6 936 7 783 8 485 13 965 11 424 11 699 8 746 6 010 25 237 143 34 722 290 Inside central cities 29 .......... 413 26 887 2 769 3 444 3 448 5 482 3 826 3 643 2 551 1 724 21 539 205 30 831 441 1 million or more 19 .......... 026 17 154 1 783 2 278 2 192 3 458 2 334 2 284 1 661 1 166 21 336 264 31 250 588 Under 1 million 10 ............ 387 9 733 986 1 166 1 256 2 025 1 493 1 359 890 559 21 869 326 30 092 641 Outside central cities 51 ......... 159 48 161 4 168 4 339 5 037 8 483 7 597 8 056 6 195 4 286 27 132 178 36 895 378 1 million or more 34 .......... 994 32 887 2 684 2 818 3 254 5 409 5 064 5 553 4 653 3 451 29 247 358 39 434 485 Under 1 million 16 ............ 165 15 274 1 483 1 522 1 783 3 073 2 533 2 503 1 542 834 24 114 382 31 428 568 Outside metropolitan areas 19 ..... 586 18 391 2 077 2 619 2 446 4 180 3 092 2 297 1 167 513 19 801 321 24 954 495

Region

Northeast 19 .................... 393 18 060 1 740 1 813 1 981 3 392 2 846 2 679 2 096 1 512 25 282 264 36 268 641 Midwest 22 ...................... 990 21 908 2 038 2 173 2 321 4 226 3 673 3 677 2 407 1 393 25 406 243 32 599 458 South 35 ........................ 026 32 464 3 241 3 909 4 110 6 526 4 998 4 701 3 005 1 974 22 234 188 30 889 416 West 22 ......................... 750 21 006 1 994 2 507 2 519 4 002 2 998 2 939 2 403 1 643 23 395 366 32 981 515

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 84 ........................ 540 80 041 7 141 8 262 9 125 15 559 12 608 12 326 9 009 6 012 24 949 156 34 051 272 Black 11 ........................ 113 9 410 1 395 1 686 1 257 1 887 1 370 1 119 488 209 16 491 330 22 509 629 Hispanic origin1 ............... 10 627 9 305 1 124 1 607 1 781 2 225 1 204 791 408 165 15 437 251 20 806 581

Age

Under 65 years 86 ............... 755 80 265 8 549 7 942 7 954 14 751 12 879 12 992 9 217 5 981 25 548 130 34 194 280

15 to 24 years 18 .............. 539 14 016 5 572 2 963 2 068 2 216 795 301 75 26 6 960 127 9 962 158

25 to 34 years 20 .............. 040 19 354 961 1 565 2 157 4 892 4 252 3 256 1 657 613 25 179 195 29 418 369

35 to 44 years 21 .............. 793 21 181 862 1 363 1 616 3 769 3 717 4 518 3 275 2 062 32 167 217 41 614 605

45 to 54 years 16 .............. 119 15 748 595 1 069 1 082 2 225 2 516 3 227 2 923 2 111 36 232 313 47 295 820

55 to 64 years 10 .............. 265 9 966 558 982 1 032 1 649 1 599 1 690 1 287 1 169 29 526 584 41 079 927

65 years and over 13 ............. 404 13 173 465 2 460 2 977 3 395 1 637 1 004 695 542 16 684 221 24 302 381

65 to 74 years 8 .............. 085 7 947 216 1 290 1 633 2 082 1 090 740 487 409 18 605 338 26 847 551

75 years and over 5 ........... 319 5 227 249 1 171 1 343 1 312 547 264 208 133 14 494 192 20 432 456

Mean age 41.9 .................... 43.0 29.0 43.7 46.3 43.9 43.2 43.8 45.5 47.9 (X) (X) (X) (X)

Relationship to Family

Householder

Householder 46 .................. 366 45 760 1 375 3 076 4 488 8 911 8 140 8 742 6 678 4 349 30 853 155 40 129 361

Spouse of householder 11 ......... 085 10 816 491 845 1 050 2 112 1 779 1 909 1 481 1 149 29 672 509 41 522 989

Child of householder 18 ........... 341 13 881 5 327 2 978 1 904 2 031 912 526 150 54 7 105 120 11 058 166

Other relative of householder 4 ... 753 3 996 701 840 859 810 419 212 105 49 12 216 240 16 962 800

Nonrelatives 19 .................. 614 18 986 1 119 2 663 2 630 4 282 3 266 2 607 1 497 922 21 808 225 29 393 461

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 81 ... 620 79 423 3 441 7 439 8 863 15 929 13 721 13 695 9 837 6 497 27 248 123 36 830 283

Less than 9th grade 6 ........... 477 6 139 545 1 766 1 524 1 383 547 215 103 55 12 174 176 15 550 295

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 8 .. 212 7 671 638 1 322 1 592 2 132 1 123 545 233 86 16 058 255 20 464 579

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 26 ................. 226 25 510 1 144 2 421 3 046 6 245 5 120 4 600 2 220 715 24 814 229 29 218 355

Some college, no degree 14 ....... 033 13 756 484 968 1 238 2 880 2 839 2 768 1 814 765 29 160 398 35 923 659

Associate degree 5 .............. 299 5 210 160 238 370 915 1 086 1 287 856 297 33 065 645 37 654 896

Bachelor’s degree or more 21 ...... 374 21 136 470 724 1 093 2 375 3 006 4 279 4 611 4 578 44 161 506 58 527 759

Bachelor’s degree 13 ........... 672 13 510 332 529 841 1 773 2 199 2 908 2 883 2 045 39 624 521 49 147 702

Master’s degree 4 ............. 776 4 709 98 129 168 427 584 947 1 116 1 239 50 003 1 013 63 748 1 734

Professional degree 1 ......... 708 1 702 22 44 42 102 136 245 292 818 71 869 2 643 102 309 4 774

Doctorate degree 1 ............ 218 1 215 17 21 43 72 85 179 320 477 62 255 1 639 81 271 3 832

Tenure

Owner occupied 70 ............... 515 66 420 6 261 6 331 6 727 11 727 10 363 11 011 8 294 5 706 26 662 155 36 041 309

Renter occupied 28 ............... 117 25 610 2 620 3 844 3 965 6 037 3 953 2 854 1 559 778 18 361 230 24 891 385

Occupier paid no cash rent 1 ..... 527 1 408 133 227 238 381 199 132 59 39 17 398 744 23 736 1 995

See footnote at end of table.

30nnnnnINCOME
Table 8. Selected Characteristics of PersonsmTotal Money Income in 1996 of Persons 15

Years Old and Over by Work Experience in 1996 and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

With income

Median income Mean income

Total Total

$1 to

$4,999

or loss

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

and over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

MALEmCon.

Year~Round, Full Time

Worker

All males 53 ................ 801 53 792 506 1 429 4 008 11 023 10 926 11 573 8 591 5 737 33 538 267 44 172 386

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 44 ....... 028 44 019 352 1 071 3 144 8 337 8 519 9 687 7 589 5 322 35 585 163 46 436 446

Inside central cities 14 .......... 974 14 967 151 508 1 393 3 453 2 764 3 021 2 159 1 517 31 460 263 42 026 698

1 million or more 9 .......... 638 9 638 108 340 926 2 216 1 699 1 921 1 392 1 037 31 433 332 42 505 915

Under 1 million 5 ............ 335 5 329 43 168 467 1 237 1 065 1 100 767 481 31 508 430 41 159 1 050

Outside central cities 29 ......... 054 29 052 201 562 1 750 4 883 5 755 6 666 5 430 3 805 37 060 200 48 709 571

1 million or more 20 .......... 188 20 186 120 361 1 126 3 051 3 817 4 566 4 052 3 092 39 669 447 51 775 721

Under 1 million 8 ............ 866 8 866 81 201 624 1 832 1 937 2 100 1 378 713 33 039 581 41 727 888

Outside metropolitan areas 9 ..... 773 9 773 154 359 864 2 686 2 407 1 886 1 002 415 27 354 331 33 973 816

Region

Northeast 10 .................... 127 10 127 82 209 610 1 799 2 078 2 207 1 781 1 361 36 296 330 50 468 1 039 Midwest 12 ...................... 967 12 967 91 296 708 2 540 2 833 3 126 2 145 1 229 35 053 374 43 277 687 South 18 ........................ 858 18 849 216 540 1 634 4 309 3 938 3 870 2 629 1 712 31 259 219 41 340 656 West 11 ......................... 849 11 849 116 384 1 056 2 375 2 077 2 370 2 036 1 435 34 319 715 44 276 789

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 46 ........................ 663 46 661 420 1 201 3 282 9 207 9 371 10 133 7 767 5 278 34 741 282 45 336 422 Black 4 ........................ 799 4 799 73 168 482 1 341 1 139 976 441 180 27 136 372 32 715 1 008 Hispanic origin1 ............... 5 542 5 540 85 357 1 104 1 747 1 022 702 374 149 21 265 313 27 499 916

Age

Under 65 years 52 ............... 738 52 730 502 1 417 3 942 10 870 10 759 11 357 8 391 5 491 33 321 268 43 917 390

15 to 24 years 4 .............. 031 4 028 96 473 986 1 565 613 230 54 11 17 410 282 19 109 372

25 to 34 years 14 .............. 449 14 449 109 331 1 281 3 863 3 759 2 993 1 555 558 28 962 356 33 849 441

35 to 44 years 16 .............. 583 16 577 133 270 852 2 934 3 264 4 115 3 074 1 936 36 957 236 47 494 731

45 to 54 years 12 .............. 234 12 234 90 224 567 1 685 2 104 2 853 2 731 1 980 41 481 310 54 317 996

55 to 64 years 5 .............. 441 5 441 74 121 255 824 1 019 1 167 977 1 005 39 563 669 54 743 1 540

65 years and over 1 ............. 063 1 063 3 12 66 152 168 216 200 246 42 836 2 086 56 806 2 437

65 to 74 years 883 .............. 883 3 12 52 131 133 186 172 194 43 359 2 212 56 181 2 698

75 years and over 179 ........... 179 – – 14 21 34 29 27 52 40 833 6 764 59 886 5 635

Mean age 40.2 .................... 40.2 38.8 34.3 34.8 36.6 39.2 41.6 43.7 46.7 (X) (X) (X) (X)

Relationship to Family

Householder

Householder 29 .................. 988 29 988 226 413 1 361 5 027 6 053 7 218 5 817 3 874 37 830 319 48 806 505

Spouse of householder 7 ......... 283 7 283 71 120 366 1 388 1 360 1 624 1 317 1 037 37 076 413 51 232 1 397

Child of householder 4 ........... 283 4 274 93 385 948 1 437 821 435 124 33 19 606 413 21 919 328

Other relative of householder 1 ... 771 1 771 24 141 421 537 337 178 89 43 20 005 543 25 717 1 703

Nonrelatives 10 .................. 475 10 475 92 370 912 2 633 2 355 2 118 1 245 749 29 728 438 38 198 707

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 49 ... 770 49 764 410 957 3 021 9 458 10 313 11 343 8 536 5 725 35 622 150 46 201 413

Less than 9th grade 2 ........... 041 2 041 42 153 514 737 345 145 69 35 17 962 594 22 055 619

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 3 .. 441 3 441 58 153 527 1 220 798 426 190 68 22 717 414 27 723 1 033

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 15 ................. 840 15 840 151 316 1 118 3 823 4 067 3 872 1 896 597 30 709 184 35 413 511

Some college, no degree 9 ....... 176 9 173 60 147 404 1 837 2 160 2 343 1 570 652 34 845 456 42 637 934

Associate degree 3 .............. 934 3 931 32 39 138 622 883 1 161 791 266 37 131 435 42 676 1 130

Bachelor’s degree or more 15 ...... 339 15 339 66 148 320 1 220 2 059 3 396 4 022 4 108 51 436 303 67 733 968

Bachelor’s degree 9 ........... 898 9 898 46 113 274 979 1 628 2 443 2 578 1 837 45 846 458 56 161 850

Master’s degree 3 ............. 272 3 272 13 23 38 172 302 659 943 1 120 60 508 945 76 033 2 353

Professional degree 1 ......... 277 1 277 6 10 4 31 79 172 237 737 85 963 3 317 119 340 6 028

Doctorate degree 893 ............ 893 – 1 4 37 51 122 264 415 71 227 3 362 91 828 4 744

Tenure

Owner occupied 38 ............... 376 38 367 343 722 1 928 6 466 7 622 9 015 7 215 5 056 37 315 169 48 887 486

Renter occupied 14 ............... 646 14 646 152 665 1 969 4 282 3 158 2 448 1 323 650 25 542 201 32 501 564

Occupier paid no cash rent 778 ..... 778 12 42 111 274 146 110 53 31 23 002 834 31 350 3 422

See footnote at end of table.

INCOMEnnnnn31
Table 8. Selected Characteristics of PersonsmTotal Money Income in 1996 of Persons 15

Years Old and Over by Work Experience in 1996 and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

With income

Median income Mean income

Total Total

$1 to

$4,999

or loss

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

and over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

FEMALE

Total

All females 107 .............. 076 96 558 19 495 19 854 13 970 19 237 11 278 7 505 3 659 1 560 12 815 106 18 369 125

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 85 ....... 986 77 525 15 097 15 253 10 699 15 514 9 569 6 602 3 343 1 446 13 711 123 19 358 149 Inside central cities 32 .......... 501 28 947 5 613 6 305 4 020 5 773 3 453 2 198 1 083 502 12 698 207 18 692 266 1 million or more 20 .......... 834 18 230 3 498 3 966 2 458 3 537 2 213 1 418 774 366 12 885 277 19 406 366 Under 1 million 11 ............ 667 10 717 2 116 2 339 1 562 2 236 1 240 780 309 135 12 444 256 17 477 359 Outside central cities 53 ......... 485 48 578 9 484 8 949 6 678 9 741 6 117 4 404 2 260 944 14 278 152 19 755 177 1 million or more 36 .......... 626 33 313 6 330 5 838 4 370 6 667 4 313 3 207 1 821 766 15 151 185 20 858 224 Under 1 million 16 ............ 858 15 265 3 154 3 110 2 308 3 074 1 804 1 198 439 178 12 587 227 17 349 277 Outside metropolitan areas 21 ..... 090 19 033 4 397 4 600 3 272 3 722 1 709 903 316 114 10 668 170 14 341 210

Region

Northeast 21 .................... 322 19 400 3 803 3 927 2 675 3 728 2 339 1 692 834 403 13 451 221 19 606 295 Midwest 24 ...................... 993 23 219 4 597 4 679 3 414 4 876 2 783 1 726 825 320 13 051 219 18 061 244 South 37 ........................ 954 33 772 6 916 7 224 4 979 6 805 3 921 2 393 1 094 440 12 357 128 17 509 216 West 22 ......................... 807 20 167 4 179 4 024 2 902 3 828 2 235 1 695 906 397 12 831 246 18 975 264

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 88 ........................ 756 80 741 16 252 16 242 11 867 15 970 9 481 6 365 3 175 1 389 12 961 114 18 524 126 Black 13 ........................ 514 11 817 2 347 2 906 1 585 2 504 1 329 774 297 75 11 772 246 16 531 428 Hispanic origin1 ............... 10 073 7 744 2 036 2 003 1 242 1 366 602 309 148 39 9 484 228 13 540 425

Age

Under 65 years 88 ............... 602 78 532 17 118 12 751 10 280 16 303 10 345 6 958 3 398 1 380 14 476 130 19 387 142

15 to 24 years 18 .............. 115 13 502 6 064 3 168 1 913 1 666 495 137 40 18 5 881 117 8 307 128

25 to 34 years 20 .............. 217 18 481 3 290 2 763 2 532 4 519 3 105 1 475 602 196 16 384 225 19 201 237

35 to 44 years 22 .............. 167 20 637 3 336 2 789 2 485 4 554 3 309 2 459 1 140 565 18 447 288 23 260 325

45 to 54 years 16 .............. 894 15 693 2 370 2 048 1 883 3 487 2 338 2 054 1 110 403 19 046 284 24 276 400

55 to 64 years 11 .............. 210 10 220 2 057 1 982 1 468 2 077 1 099 833 506 197 13 316 335 19 029 327

65 years and over 18 ............. 474 18 026 2 377 7 103 3 690 2 933 933 547 262 180 9 626 84 13 938 250

65 to 74 years 9 .............. 930 9 642 1 441 3 587 1 811 1 643 572 331 150 108 9 656 128 14 666 423

75 years and over 8 ........... 544 8 384 936 3 516 1 879 1 291 361 216 112 72 9 598 111 13 099 225

Mean age 43.9 .................... 45.1 38.8 50.9 48.1 44.8 42.7 44.6 45.9 47.2 (X) (X) (X) (X)

Relationship to Family

Householder

Householder 23 .................. 875 22 567 3 527 4 765 3 262 4 633 3 005 1 989 989 398 14 507 205 19 680 201

Spouse of householder 42 ......... 519 38 787 8 496 6 819 4 975 8 066 4 868 3 410 1 537 617 13 901 189 18 975 208

Child of householder 14 ........... 035 10 222 4 735 2 129 1 243 1 272 525 210 84 24 5 669 141 9 159 178

Other relative of householder 4 ... 744 3 840 923 1 280 625 619 211 106 60 16 8 614 238 11 934 295

Nonrelatives 21 .................. 903 21 142 1 815 4 861 3 866 4 647 2 669 1 791 989 504 15 048 181 21 481 333

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 88 ... 961 83 056 13 431 16 686 12 058 17 571 10 783 7 368 3 619 1 541 14 682 111 20 005 141

Less than 9th grade 6 ........... 836 5 775 1 416 2 643 954 546 119 49 34 13 7 276 92 9 195 178

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 9 .. 000 7 929 1 787 2 866 1 533 1 241 310 126 41 25 8 544 147 10 881 175

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 31 ................. 360 29 212 5 002 6 369 5 256 7 287 3 149 1 452 513 185 12 702 152 15 848 142

Some college, no degree 15 ....... 335 14 528 2 225 2 392 2 137 3 603 2 152 1 342 526 151 16 255 232 19 828 342

Associate degree 7 .............. 107 6 839 854 825 883 1 631 1 335 893 335 83 20 460 343 22 598 336

Bachelor’s degree or more 19 ...... 323 18 775 2 147 1 591 1 295 3 263 3 718 3 505 2 171 1 084 27 556 304 32 844 464

Bachelor’s degree 13 ........... 685 13 247 1 715 1 265 1 025 2 557 2 710 2 182 1 263 531 25 192 291 28 926 415

Master’s degree 4 ............. 356 4 285 341 263 227 568 855 1 097 669 265 33 302 779 36 711 751

Professional degree 739 ......... 715 64 33 26 67 93 119 135 178 42 059 2 409 68 326 7 550

Doctorate degree 543 ............ 527 29 30 17 71 59 107 104 110 42 431 1 968 51 751 3 142

Tenure

Owner occupied 74 ............... 425 67 881 13 742 12 647 9 423 13 394 8 394 5 953 3 048 1 280 13 790 132 19 351 142

Renter occupied 31 ............... 076 27 307 5 404 6 841 4 307 5 603 2 801 1 494 589 268 11 404 129 16 169 261

Occupier paid no cash rent 1 ..... 575 1 369 349 366 240 240 83 58 22 11 9 538 443 13 594 715

See footnote at end of table.

32nnnnnINCOME
Table 8. Selected Characteristics of PersonsmTotal Money Income in 1996 of Persons 15

Years Old and Over by Work Experience in 1996 and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

With income

Median income Mean income

Total Total

$1 to

$4,999

or loss

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

and over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

FEMALEmCon.

Year~Round, Full Time

Worker

All females 36 .............. 457 36 445 428 1 616 4 716 11 524 8 280 5 867 2 848 1 166 24 935 149 30 107 269

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 30 ....... 092 30 080 298 1 179 3 412 9 201 7 057 5 207 2 634 1 091 25 959 137 31 505 315

Inside central cities 11 .......... 124 11 116 138 525 1 365 3 594 2 561 1 739 825 368 24 776 278 30 397 593

1 million or more 7 .......... 171 7 171 95 306 860 2 213 1 694 1 132 599 271 25 423 253 31 621 808

Under 1 million 3 ............ 953 3 944 43 219 505 1 381 867 607 226 97 23 515 416 28 173 794

Outside central cities 18 ......... 967 18 965 160 653 2 047 5 608 4 496 3 468 1 809 724 26 723 183 32 154 360

1 million or more 13 .......... 155 13 155 87 394 1 264 3 707 3 147 2 499 1 450 606 27 981 361 33 920 449

Under 1 million 5 ............ 813 5 810 73 259 783 1 900 1 349 968 359 118 24 247 405 28 154 581

Outside metropolitan areas 6 ..... 365 6 365 130 437 1 304 2 322 1 223 660 214 74 20 153 321 23 503 431

Region

Northeast 6 .................... 991 6 988 75 196 675 2 080 1 658 1 333 659 311 27 103 271 33 653 686

Midwest 8 ...................... 752 8 752 107 347 1 082 2 936 2 048 1 344 638 249 24 599 309 29 499 523

South 13 ........................ 597 13 588 149 731 2 098 4 497 2 998 1 922 870 324 22 946 286 27 909 449

West 7 ......................... 117 7 117 97 343 861 2 010 1 575 1 268 681 281 26 132 316 31 570 542

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 29 ........................ 612 29 607 343 1 260 3 738 9 133 6 788 4 882 2 434 1 030 25 358 146 30 506 263

Black 5 ........................ 098 5 098 63 261 753 1 884 1 138 689 256 55 21 990 272 26 556 885

Hispanic origin1 ............... 2 954 2 952 46 290 688 1 001 497 270 125 35 19 272 546 23 314 996

Age

Under 65 years 35 ............... 897 35 885 424 1 589 4 667 11 357 8 174 5 731 2 813 1 130 24 899 152 29 906 256

15 to 24 years 2 .............. 895 2 895 91 368 873 1 064 347 106 34 13 15 699 255 17 635 332

25 to 34 years 9 .............. 484 9 481 80 405 1 232 3 352 2 494 1 241 509 167 23 838 270 27 181 373

35 to 44 years 11 .............. 101 11 094 114 381 1 197 3 245 2 682 1 994 992 489 26 787 242 32 639 526

45 to 54 years 8 .............. 712 8 709 104 283 917 2 488 1 904 1 739 942 333 27 154 280 33 255 635

55 to 64 years 3 .............. 706 3 706 36 152 447 1 208 747 651 336 128 25 080 431 30 410 586

65 years and over 559 ............. 559 4 27 49 167 106 136 35 35 27 070 1 393 43 023 5 994

65 to 74 years 489 .............. 489 4 25 47 144 96 113 35 25 26 829 1 408 43 328 6 780

75 years and over 71 ........... 71 – 2 2 23 10 23 – 11 (B) (B) (B) (B)

Mean age 40.2 .................... 40.2 37.9 36.7 37.5 39.5 40.1 42.8 43.5 43.9 (X) (X) (X) (X)

Relationship to Family

Householder

Householder 9 .................. 808 9 808 86 475 1 276 2 980 2 287 1 640 761 302 25 281 241 29 617 329 Spouse of householder 15 ......... 647 15 640 194 567 1 765 5 068 3 653 2 698 1 195 500 25 442 192 30 752 429 Child of householder 2 ........... 379 2 379 65 200 543 906 406 170 75 14 18 530 409 20 901 419 Other relative of householder 1 ... 025 1 020 26 103 208 396 155 81 48 3 19 015 706 21 144 635 Nonrelatives 7 .................. 598 7 598 57 270 924 2 174 1 779 1 278 769 347 26 546 282 33 498 802

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 33 ... 561 33 549 337 1 248 3 843 10 460 7 933 5 761 2 814 1 152 25 808 131 31 183 289

Less than 9th grade 750 ........... 750 15 146 238 248 64 27 11 2 14 414 559 16 510 612

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 1 .. 752 1 751 31 178 474 713 238 94 11 12 16 953 333 18 909 398

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 11 ................. 363 11 363 128 573 1 908 4 684 2 424 1 163 378 105 21 175 143 23 822 234

Some college, no degree 6 ....... 587 6 582 82 190 689 2 289 1 693 1 100 430 109 25 167 267 29 179 661

Associate degree 3 .............. 470 3 468 37 84 240 1 009 1 010 735 289 64 28 083 526 30 857 448

Bachelor’s degree or more 9 ...... 639 9 636 45 78 293 1 518 2 505 2 642 1 696 860 36 461 296 44 723 788

Bachelor’s degree 6 ........... 691 6 689 38 70 247 1 282 1 924 1 707 1 035 386 33 525 437 39 604 655

Master’s degree 2 ............. 213 2 213 – 8 36 182 502 780 488 218 41 901 564 47 589 1 152

Professional degree 413 ......... 413 7 – 4 22 47 91 82 160 57 624 3 635 95 476 12 476

Doctorate degree 322 ............ 322 – – 7 32 32 63 92 96 56 267 3 300 66 300 4 401

Tenure

Owner occupied 25 ............... 584 25 575 275 906 2 814 7 625 6 050 4 625 2 331 949 26 429 153 31 671 288 Renter occupied 10 ............... 473 10 470 147 679 1 804 3 746 2 176 1 204 503 210 21 521 188 26 524 608 Occupier paid no cash rent 400 ..... 400 6 31 98 152 54 38 14 7 19 486 1 439 23 905 1 810

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

INCOMEnnnnn33
Table 9. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1996 of Persons 18 Years Old and

Over by Age, Work Experience in 1996, and Sex

[Persons 18 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Age

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

MALE

Total

Number With Earnings (thousands)

Total 73 .............................. 955 3 469 7 114 23 966 15 112 5 096 19 198 12 562 4 089 1 498 1 049

Under 65 years 71 ......................... 122 3 116 6 839 23 145 14 675 4 968 18 379 12 149 3 912 1 349 969

18 to 24 years 10 ........................ 289 305 1 969 3 438 3 478 403 695 662 31 2 –

25 to 34 years 18 ........................ 711 696 1 697 6 067 3 686 1 519 5 046 3 899 739 273 135

25 to 29 years 8 ...................... 941 325 835 2 762 1 968 647 2 405 1 975 286 108 36

30 to 34 years 9 ...................... 769 371 862 3 304 1 719 872 2 641 1 924 453 165 99

35 to 44 years 20 ........................ 064 768 1 550 6 923 3 756 1 528 5 539 3 658 1 217 435 229

35 to 39 years 10 ...................... 486 399 879 3 717 1 893 816 2 782 1 907 587 187 101

40 to 44 years 9 ...................... 578 370 671 3 205 1 863 712 2 757 1 751 630 248 128

45 to 54 years 14 ........................ 573 681 986 4 162 2 623 1 149 4 973 2 808 1 339 436 390

45 to 49 years 8 ...................... 178 329 545 2 249 1 485 737 2 834 1 667 703 260 205

50 to 54 years 6 ...................... 395 352 441 1 913 1 138 411 2 139 1 141 637 176 186

55 to 64 years 7 ........................ 486 666 637 2 556 1 132 368 2 126 1 121 587 203 215

55 to 59 years 4 ...................... 559 369 386 1 609 681 233 1 281 704 347 103 127

60 to 64 years 2 ...................... 927 297 251 947 451 135 846 418 240 100 88

65 years and over 2 ....................... 833 353 276 821 436 129 819 413 177 149 80

65 to 74 years 2 ........................ 279 256 231 653 332 99 706 353 157 118 79

65 to 69 years 1 ...................... 453 152 151 425 205 57 463 217 102 87 57

70 to 74 years 825 ...................... 104 81 229 127 42 243 136 54 31 22

75 years and over 555 ..................... 97 44 167 104 29 113 61 20 31 2

Mean Earnings (dollars)

Total 34 .............................. 705 16 540 18 453 27 642 30 057 35 484 56 277 46 702 62 145 102 913 81 492

Under 65 years 35 ......................... 110 16 517 18 668 27 984 30 373 35 942 56 911 47 155 63 429 108 105 81 651

18 to 24 years 11 ........................ 473 9 927 7 612 13 127 9 986 16 447 19 465 19 190 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 29 ........................ 127 16 529 16 964 24 561 28 919 32 388 39 618 38 019 40 920 54 720 48 170 25 to 29 years 25 ...................... 581 16 067 15 932 23 406 25 344 26 414 32 685 31 668 35 759 41 753 (B)

30 to 34 years 32 ...................... 373 16 933 17 964 25 527 33 012 36 821 45 931 44 536 44 175 63 223 52 309 35 to 44 years 41 ........................ 533 16 330 23 282 31 949 37 068 38 680 65 930 55 039 74 411 121 535 89 226 35 to 39 years 39 ...................... 973 15 155 23 629 30 625 36 789 38 905 63 663 55 417 69 814 114 433 89 532 40 to 44 years 43 ...................... 241 17 598 22 827 33 485 37 352 38 423 68 218 54 626 78 696 126 904 88 985 45 to 54 years 47 ........................ 171 18 753 29 405 35 953 42 451 40 986 67 888 54 498 71 285 129 226 84 058 45 to 49 years 46 ...................... 491 18 389 26 680 36 980 41 834 40 878 65 004 52 871 69 220 119 774 79 865 50 to 54 years 48 ...................... 041 19 093 32 770 34 745 43 257 41 181 71 709 56 876 73 565 143 157 88 684 55 to 64 years 41 ........................ 855 17 457 29 539 32 380 47 545 44 860 61 028 51 347 53 001 106 852 90 196 55 to 59 years 44 ...................... 649 16 919 33 318 33 317 52 704 54 033 64 308 53 120 58 847 106 050 107 565 60 to 64 years 37 ...................... 504 18 127 23 717 30 787 39 750 29 080 56 061 48 358 44 538 107 678 65 309 65 years and over 24 ....................... 534 16 747 13 118 17 993 19 447 17 769 42 056 33 386 33 722 55 772 79 578 65 to 74 years 25 ........................ 042 14 698 12 682 17 248 20 381 17 605 43 285 34 078 31 755 61 166 80 646 65 to 69 years 26 ...................... 609 16 781 12 646 17 488 21 446 (B) 46 178 35 966 43 659 67 789 (B)

70 to 74 years 22 ...................... 283 11 649 12 750 16 803 18 665 (B) 37 770 31 060 (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 22 ..................... 449 22 184 (B) 20 902 16 469 (B) 34 357 (B) (B) (B) (B)

Standard Error of Mean (dollars)

Total 291 .............................. 417 622 364 574 920 800 720 1 913 5 204 4 203 Under 65 years 299 ......................... 380 644 373 589 940 822 731 1 974 5 691 4 296 18 to 24 years 195 ........................ 649 281 286 259 2 794 896 909 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 372 ........................ 703 442 445 978 1 962 786 925 1 517 3 749 3 383 25 to 29 years 461 ...................... 969 581 831 1 339 1 190 750 813 2 081 4 603 (B)

30 to 34 years 568 ...................... 1 008 660 430 1 418 3 282 1 308 1 647 2 061 5 168 4 023 35 to 44 years 618 ........................ 830 1 450 735 940 920 1 763 1 578 4 710 10 464 8 318 35 to 39 years 810 ...................... 778 2 296 843 1 599 1 240 2 332 2 308 5 561 15 021 15 496 40 to 44 years 941 ...................... 1 500 1 472 1 250 976 1 369 2 646 2 133 7 469 14 422 8 499 45 to 54 years 853 ........................ 843 3 204 1 373 1 541 1 154 1 848 1 677 3 391 12 596 6 245 45 to 49 years 1 ...................... 116 1 307 2 949 2 186 2 131 1 499 2 257 2 094 5 073 12 621 7 933

50 to 54 years 1 ...................... 319 1 079 6 156 1 523 2 209 1 777 3 079 2 768 4 417 24 909 9 765

55 to 64 years 1 ........................ 105 880 2 401 854 4 537 7 345 2 279 2 352 3 037 10 333 12 400

55 to 59 years 1 ...................... 574 1 214 3 707 994 6 698 11 330 3 144 2 872 4 204 14 707 20 056

60 to 64 years 1 ...................... 396 1 268 2 011 1 567 5 181 3 500 3 169 4 049 4 121 14 508 7 417

65 years and over 1 ....................... 181 2 362 1 619 1 420 1 643 2 088 3 339 4 052 6 204 6 366 18 117

65 to 74 years 1 ........................ 377 2 357 1 779 1 443 1 960 2 402 3 768 4 596 6 477 7 687 18 429

65 to 69 years 1 ...................... 677 3 616 2 087 1 484 2 433 (B) 4 426 6 797 9 339 9 442 (B)

70 to 74 years 2 ...................... 388 2 314 3 293 3 065 3 277 (B) 6 946 4 929 (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 2 ..................... 095 5 857 (B) 4 074 2 833 (B) 5 458 (B) (B) (B) (B)

34nnnnnINCOME
Table 9. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1996 of Persons 18 Years Old and

Over by Age, Work Experience in 1996, and SexmCon.

[Persons 18 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Age

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

MALEmCon.

Year~Round, Full Time Workers

Number With Earnings (thousands)

Total 53 .............................. 739 2 215 4 007 17 582 10 156 4 133 15 647 10 188 3 290 1 277 893

Under 65 years 52 ......................... 678 2 081 3 925 17 291 10 015 4 087 15 278 10 006 3 221 1 207 844

18 to 24 years 3 ........................ 979 174 567 1 744 983 202 308 290 19 – –

25 to 34 years 14 ........................ 448 481 1 082 4 642 2 873 1 270 4 101 3 201 549 234 117

25 to 29 years 6 ...................... 576 229 522 2 058 1 442 494 1 830 1 548 181 78 23

30 to 34 years 7 ...................... 872 252 559 2 584 1 431 776 2 270 1 653 367 156 94

35 to 44 years 16 ........................ 577 502 1 051 5 611 3 157 1 330 4 925 3 221 1 082 411 210

35 to 39 years 8 ...................... 588 241 587 2 989 1 593 716 2 462 1 684 513 173 91

40 to 44 years 7 ...................... 989 261 464 2 622 1 564 615 2 463 1 537 569 238 119

45 to 54 years 12 ........................ 234 503 743 3 425 2 204 1 008 4 351 2 446 1 165 403 337

45 to 49 years 6 ...................... 876 218 400 1 835 1 262 649 2 511 1 472 616 240 183

50 to 54 years 5 ...................... 358 285 343 1 590 942 359 1 840 974 550 162 154

55 to 64 years 5 ........................ 439 422 482 1 869 797 276 1 594 847 406 160 180

55 to 59 years 3 ...................... 510 244 312 1 233 513 196 1 011 557 263 77 115

60 to 64 years 1 ...................... 930 177 170 636 284 80 582 291 144 83 65

65 years and over 1 ....................... 062 134 82 291 140 46 369 182 69 69 49

65 to 74 years 883 ........................ 96 64 238 114 40 332 163 59 63 47

65 to 69 years 630 ...................... 62 46 179 77 26 239 102 50 48 40

70 to 74 years 253 ...................... 34 18 59 36 13 93 61 10 15 7

75 years and over 178 ..................... 38 17 53 27 6 37 19 10 6 2

Mean Earnings (dollars)

Total 42 .............................. 077 20 153 25 283 32 521 38 491 39 873 63 127 52 354 70 859 112 873 86 436

Under 65 years 42 ......................... 078 19 741 25 297 32 510 38 613 40 033 63 078 52 335 70 853 114 858 86 693

18 to 24 years 18 ........................ 856 13 336 15 478 18 779 18 336 23 447 27 257 26 838 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 33 ........................ 055 19 176 19 910 27 349 32 624 34 854 44 355 42 402 48 143 58 987 50 776 25 to 29 years 29 ...................... 225 18 572 18 911 25 844 29 450 28 368 37 358 35 953 45 280 46 220 (B)

30 to 34 years 36 ...................... 255 19 724 20 843 28 548 35 822 38 984 49 996 48 442 49 556 65 356 53 542 35 to 44 years 45 ........................ 840 19 798 26 116 35 138 39 630 41 558 70 035 58 497 79 119 124 647 93 329 35 to 39 years 44 ...................... 082 18 476 25 501 33 762 39 096 41 548 67 510 58 804 74 700 116 360 95 114 40 to 44 years 47 ...................... 730 21 015 26 894 36 707 40 173 41 569 72 558 58 162 83 099 130 688 91 963 45 to 54 years 51 ........................ 705 21 600 34 527 39 178 46 499 43 745 72 461 57 729 76 971 134 666 89 480 45 to 49 years 50 ...................... 900 21 886 31 511 40 406 45 548 43 593 68 760 54 948 74 903 125 355 84 797 50 to 54 years 52 ...................... 738 21 381 38 051 37 761 47 773 44 019 77 512 61 930 79 288 148 467 95 062 55 to 64 years 49 ........................ 916 20 747 32 926 38 032 59 390 55 129 71 070 59 580 63 652 121 601 97 005 55 to 59 years 50 ...................... 849 20 380 34 207 38 118 62 693 61 137 70 861 58 567 65 007 121 156 109 984 60 to 64 years 48 ...................... 219 21 252 30 577 37 864 53 432 40 388 71 434 61 518 61 180 122 015 (B)

65 years and over 42 ....................... 025 26 566 24 620 33 142 29 810 (B) 65 165 53 438 (B) (B) (B)

65 to 74 years 41 ........................ 710 19 637 (B) 30 665 30 510 (B) 65 236 52 413 (B) (B) (B)

65 to 69 years 42 ...................... 157 (B) (B) 29 743 32 468 (B) 65 780 51 402 (B) (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 40 ...................... 597 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) 63 834 (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 43 ..................... 585 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Standard Error of Mean (dollars)

Total 372 .............................. 522 890 450 800 1 088 926 806 2 278 5 901 4 626 Under 65 years 377 ......................... 484 906 455 810 1 098 941 817 2 312 6 200 4 766 18 to 24 years 372 ........................ 823 558 396 446 5 409 1 051 1 035 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 433 ........................ 880 518 322 1 200 2 288 905 1 068 1 722 3 858 3 639 25 to 29 years 498 ...................... 1 203 722 443 1 769 1 180 826 900 2 401 3 571 (B)

30 to 34 years 672 ...................... 1 272 735 455 1 610 3 651 1 466 1 859 2 273 5 325 4 089 35 to 44 years 714 ........................ 1 114 1 110 868 1 054 963 1 939 1 740 5 212 10 849 8 891 35 to 39 years 927 ...................... 929 1 239 993 1 834 1 288 2 553 2 528 6 222 15 561 16 810 40 to 44 years 1 ...................... 096 1 954 1 963 1 471 1 020 1 446 2 916 2 371 8 160 14 909 8 986 45 to 54 years 970 ........................ 990 4 191 1 598 1 771 1 198 2 010 1 648 3 809 13 488 7 014 45 to 49 years 1 ...................... 244 1 674 3 898 2 551 2 430 1 568 2 349 1 788 5 676 13 426 8 605

50 to 54 years 1 ...................... 536 1 187 7 853 1 780 2 563 1 809 3 499 3 123 4 973 26 833 11 412

55 to 64 years 1 ........................ 419 1 137 1 770 1 030 6 273 9 583 2 743 2 768 3 413 11 825 14 133

55 to 59 years 1 ...................... 918 1 586 2 366 1 144 8 730 13 296 3 609 3 173 4 341 17 025 21 349

60 to 64 years 1 ...................... 955 1 592 2 492 2 062 7 802 4 671 4 128 5 304 5 480 16 436 (B)

65 years and over 2 ....................... 133 4 177 3 650 3 259 2 893 (B) 4 591 4 340 (B) (B) (B)

65 to 74 years 2 ........................ 354 2 577 (B) 3 229 3 297 (B) 4 928 4 510 (B) (B) (B)

65 to 69 years 2 ...................... 545 (B) (B) 2 738 3 990 (B) 5 261 5 214 (B) (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 5 ...................... 224 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) 11 263 (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 5 ..................... 029 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

INCOMEnnnnn35
Table 9. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1996 of Persons 18 Years Old and

Over by Age, Work Experience in 1996, and SexmCon.

[Persons 18 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Age

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

FEMALE

Total

Number With Earnings (thousands)

Total 64 .............................. 748 1 687 4 805 21 942 14 315 5 887 16 111 11 466 3 582 604 460

Under 65 years 62 ......................... 620 1 503 4 509 21 093 13 983 5 764 15 768 11 240 3 494 584 450

18 to 24 years 9 ........................ 504 122 1 260 3 024 3 706 442 950 916 34 – –

25 to 34 years 15 ........................ 929 288 875 4 765 3 337 1 678 4 986 3 908 797 167 114

25 to 29 years 7 ...................... 791 135 388 2 207 1 717 740 2 604 2 142 349 68 45

30 to 34 years 8 ...................... 138 152 487 2 558 1 621 938 2 382 1 765 448 99 70

35 to 44 years 17 ........................ 601 384 944 6 038 3 476 1 996 4 763 3 364 1 069 208 122

35 to 39 years 9 ...................... 001 183 557 3 125 1 787 975 2 375 1 729 481 88 77

40 to 44 years 8 ...................... 599 200 387 2 913 1 689 1 022 2 388 1 635 588 120 45

45 to 54 years 13 ........................ 226 406 794 4 708 2 372 1 232 3 715 2 244 1 174 150 147

45 to 49 years 7 ...................... 495 219 415 2 555 1 381 726 2 199 1 345 675 90 89

50 to 54 years 5 ...................... 731 188 380 2 152 990 506 1 515 898 499 60 58

55 to 64 years 6 ........................ 360 304 635 2 559 1 092 415 1 354 809 420 58 66

55 to 59 years 3 ...................... 920 135 366 1 539 716 269 895 545 276 37 37

60 to 64 years 2 ...................... 440 169 270 1 019 376 146 460 265 145 21 30

65 years and over 2 ....................... 128 184 296 849 332 123 343 226 88 20 10

65 to 74 years 1 ........................ 750 141 245 714 268 113 270 165 77 20 8

65 to 69 years 1 ...................... 191 84 179 474 168 80 206 125 70 11 1

70 to 74 years 560 ...................... 58 66 240 100 33 63 40 7 9 7

75 years and over 377 ..................... 43 51 135 64 10 74 61 11 – 2

Mean Earnings (dollars)

Total 20 .............................. 570 10 414 10 423 16 161 17 475 22 480 32 715 28 701 36 483 72 015 51 865

Under 65 years 20 ......................... 774 10 701 10 587 16 361 17 630 22 671 32 644 28 671 36 858 69 023 51 983

18 to 24 years 9 ........................ 226 6 383 5 248 9 054 8 318 12 300 17 527 17 184 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 20 ........................ 173 8 788 10 765 15 041 17 741 21 683 28 504 26 854 30 718 48 816 39 707 25 to 29 years 18 ...................... 884 8 872 10 441 13 993 16 138 19 652 26 400 25 699 27 319 (B) (B)

30 to 34 years 21 ...................... 406 8 714 11 024 15 945 19 439 23 284 30 804 28 256 33 370 53 931 (B)

35 to 44 years 24 ........................ 239 11 517 13 225 18 349 21 612 24 128 36 878 31 642 40 654 84 613 66 727 35 to 39 years 23 ...................... 274 11 682 12 582 17 669 21 116 23 421 35 617 30 993 38 232 85 651 65 959 40 to 44 years 25 ...................... 249 11 367 14 153 19 078 22 136 24 802 38 131 32 328 42 635 83 856 (B)

45 to 54 years 25 ........................ 204 11 653 13 175 19 336 24 951 25 719 36 686 32 039 38 610 75 602 52 522 45 to 49 years 26 ...................... 147 12 070 13 172 20 015 26 080 25 040 37 525 31 985 38 573 93 071 57 269 50 to 54 years 23 ...................... 971 11 167 13 177 18 530 23 376 26 694 35 468 32 121 38 661 (B) (B)

55 to 64 years 20 ........................ 732 11 935 13 777 17 286 20 325 21 674 32 515 28 749 34 762 (B) (B)

55 to 59 years 21 ...................... 811 11 551 14 004 18 142 21 652 21 493 33 090 27 989 37 098 (B) (B)

60 to 64 years 18 ...................... 997 12 243 13 471 15 993 17 800 22 007 31 394 30 313 30 308 (B) (B)

65 years and over 14 ....................... 559 8 079 7 931 11 194 10 939 13 524 35 956 30 233 21 598 (B) (B)

65 to 74 years 15 ........................ 728 8 890 8 193 11 580 11 111 13 796 42 527 37 451 24 240 (B) (B)

65 to 69 years 17 ...................... 476 10 614 8 709 11 661 12 127 15 704 46 228 38 739 (B) (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 12 ...................... 007 (B) (B) 11 420 9 404 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 9 ..................... 139 (B) (B) 9 158 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Standard Error of Mean (dollars)

Total 165 .............................. 346 231 160 331 329 500 421 803 8 714 3 354 Under 65 years 161 ......................... 359 241 162 338 332 466 391 817 7 888 3 398 18 to 24 years 159 ........................ 766 296 234 222 633 860 691 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 255 ........................ 835 495 284 700 584 509 541 1 369 3 338 4 303 25 to 29 years 315 ...................... 1 515 834 354 411 889 739 796 2 251 (B) (B)

30 to 34 years 396 ...................... 823 591 431 1 370 765 689 704 1 663 4 671 (B)

35 to 44 years 354 ........................ 586 607 316 461 557 1 115 789 2 003 17 564 10 173 35 to 39 years 475 ...................... 746 608 441 606 728 1 531 841 2 624 32 130 11 249 40 to 44 years 527 ...................... 891 1 190 451 698 837 1 621 1 357 2 936 19 328 (B)

45 to 54 years 438 ........................ 779 598 415 1 443 805 1 028 1 014 1 059 17 369 3 761 45 to 49 years 705 ...................... 1 238 904 657 2 412 948 1 580 1 411 1 436 28 352 4 981

50 to 54 years 412 ...................... 869 769 462 788 1 408 1 044 1 395 1 559 (B) (B)

55 to 64 years 385 ........................ 823 643 445 715 1 191 1 264 1 667 1 566 (B) (B)

55 to 59 years 469 ...................... 942 768 624 816 1 354 1 353 1 421 1 922 (B) (B)

60 to 64 years 658 ...................... 1 275 1 101 597 1 353 2 287 2 633 4 173 2 602 (B) (B)

65 years and over 1 ....................... 639 1 194 725 873 971 1 837 9 612 8 737 3 368 (B) (B)

65 to 74 years 1 ........................ 976 1 463 817 996 1 063 1 878 12 120 11 777 3 603 (B) (B)

65 to 69 years 2 ...................... 741 2 183 1 008 888 1 327 2 138 15 175 13 804 (B) (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 2 ...................... 026 (B) (B) 2 392 1 743 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 1 ..................... 042 (B) (B) 1 524 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

36nnnnnINCOME
Table 9. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1996 of Persons 18 Years Old and

Over by Age, Work Experience in 1996, and SexmCon.

[Persons 18 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Age

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

FEMALEmCon.

Year~Round, Full Time Workers

Number With Earnings (thousands)

Total 36 .............................. 404 788 1 956 12 422 7 476 3 685 10 077 7 118 2 224 413 322

Under 65 years 35 ......................... 847 747 1 886 12 224 7 373 3 653 9 965 7 046 2 197 406 316

18 to 24 years 2 ........................ 870 38 206 1 063 901 218 443 432 11 – –

25 to 34 years 9 ........................ 478 111 378 2 717 1 943 1 030 3 300 2 612 476 126 86

25 to 29 years 4 ...................... 636 46 158 1 254 976 449 1 752 1 472 207 42 31

30 to 34 years 4 ...................... 842 64 220 1 463 967 581 1 548 1 140 269 84 55

35 to 44 years 11 ........................ 092 219 509 3 842 2 204 1 312 3 006 2 091 702 127 85

35 to 39 years 5 ...................... 532 113 295 1 909 1 123 633 1 459 1 065 280 54 60

40 to 44 years 5 ...................... 560 107 214 1 933 1 081 679 1 546 1 026 422 73 25

45 to 54 years 8 ........................ 706 227 438 3 123 1 660 843 2 415 1 458 744 105 107

45 to 49 years 4 ...................... 948 126 236 1 700 966 501 1 418 878 405 66 70

50 to 54 years 3 ...................... 758 101 202 1 423 693 342 996 581 339 39 37

55 to 64 years 3 ........................ 701 152 355 1 478 664 251 801 452 264 47 38

55 to 59 years 2 ...................... 434 68 216 951 480 169 551 321 180 33 17

60 to 64 years 1 ...................... 267 84 139 528 184 82 250 131 83 14 21

65 years and over 558 ....................... 41 71 198 103 32 112 73 27 7 6

65 to 74 years 487 ........................ 35 64 175 85 30 98 60 27 7 4

65 to 69 years 363 ...................... 21 49 136 58 23 77 47 23 7 –

70 to 74 years 124 ...................... 14 16 39 27 7 22 14 4 – 4

75 years and over 71 ..................... 6 6 23 18 2 14 12 – – 2

Mean Earnings (dollars)

Total 28 .............................. 363 15 150 17 313 21 893 25 889 28 403 41 339 36 555 44 471 90 711 62 169

Under 65 years 28 ......................... 257 15 306 17 433 21 828 25 965 28 421 40 799 36 142 44 501 85 045 62 088

18 to 24 years 17 ........................ 002 (B) 12 512 15 219 16 481 16 985 24 980 24 967 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 26 ........................ 119 14 244 16 826 19 526 23 738 27 020 34 132 32 013 38 416 53 956 45 722 25 to 29 years 24 ...................... 417 (B) 17 322 18 441 21 630 24 974 30 936 30 076 33 727 (B) (B)

30 to 34 years 27 ...................... 749 (B) 16 469 20 457 25 867 28 603 37 750 34 515 42 021 57 520 (B)

35 to 44 years 30 ........................ 879 14 650 18 261 23 134 27 853 29 493 46 923 40 521 48 994 115 966 83 989 35 to 39 years 29 ...................... 984 13 660 17 869 22 461 27 635 28 913 45 804 39 378 48 780 (B) (B)

40 to 44 years 31 ...................... 769 15 694 18 801 23 800 28 078 30 033 47 979 41 708 49 136 (B) (B)

45 to 54 years 31 ........................ 222 15 678 18 007 23 833 30 666 31 248 45 012 40 113 45 441 94 147 60 740 45 to 49 years 32 ...................... 602 15 893 17 687 24 846 32 284 30 564 46 803 40 372 46 284 (B) (B)

50 to 54 years 29 ...................... 407 15 409 18 381 22 624 28 410 32 247 42 462 39 723 44 434 (B) (B)

55 to 64 years 27 ........................ 629 17 652 19 039 23 179 27 340 28 982 41 342 37 616 41 668 (B) (B)

55 to 59 years 27 ...................... 937 (B) 18 543 23 507 27 485 28 416 40 971 35 975 42 760 (B) (B)

60 to 64 years 27 ...................... 036 19 003 19 809 22 589 26 964 30 151 42 161 41 644 39 311 (B) (B)

65 years and over 35 ....................... 170 (B) (B) 25 878 20 477 (B) 89 165 (B) (B) (B) (B)

65 to 74 years 36 ........................ 543 (B) (B) 26 699 19 414 (B) 95 734 (B) (B) (B) (B)

65 to 69 years 38 ...................... 644 (B) (B) 24 567 (B) (B) 102 914 (B) (B) (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 30 ...................... 379 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over (B) ..................... (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Standard Error of Mean (dollars)

Total 260 .............................. 532 353 207 573 401 736 593 1 096 12 368 4 311 Under 65 years 247 ......................... 550 362 206 580 403 671 536 1 108 11 005 4 360 18 to 24 years 321 ........................ (B) 652 448 564 784 1 058 1 080 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 360 ........................ 1 666 751 295 1 117 730 655 685 1 947 3 862 4 953 25 to 29 years 444 ...................... (B) 1 410 460 449 1 182 992 1 054 3 439 (B) (B)

30 to 34 years 560 ...................... (B) 796 375 2 194 903 808 764 2 146 5 142 (B)

35 to 44 years 512 ........................ 752 707 388 578 664 1 649 1 080 2 815 27 481 13 550 35 to 39 years 697 ...................... 861 715 535 745 837 2 316 985 3 928 (B) (B)

40 to 44 years 748 ...................... 1 230 1 360 560 889 1 017 2 344 1 948 3 891 (B) (B)

45 to 54 years 612 ........................ 1 161 829 503 2 003 909 1 446 1 359 1 261 24 222 4 116 45 to 49 years 1 ...................... 003 1 896 1 308 790 3 376 1 085 2 289 1 926 1 816 (B) (B)

50 to 54 years 513 ...................... 1 098 943 569 908 1 575 1 279 1 780 1 715 (B) (B)

55 to 64 years 523 ........................ 1 130 850 506 858 1 433 1 793 2 615 1 609 (B) (B)

55 to 59 years 572 ...................... (B) 950 651 886 1 533 1 732 1 847 1 971 (B) (B)

60 to 64 years 1 ...................... 061 1 762 1 587 797 2 061 3 035 4 294 7 786 2 735 (B) (B)

65 years and over 5 ....................... 948 (B) (B) 2 732 1 672 (B) 27 579 (B) (B) (B) (B)

65 to 74 years 6 ........................ 790 (B) (B) 3 059 1 778 (B) 31 384 (B) (B) (B) (B)

65 to 69 years 8 ...................... 641 (B) (B) 1 596 (B) (B) 38 694 (B) (B) (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 8 ...................... 354 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over (B) ..................... (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

INCOMEnnnnn37
Table 10. Work Experience in 1996mTotal Money Earnings in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and

Over, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Worked

Worked at full~time jobs Worked at part~time jobs

Total Total Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks

or less Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks

or less

Did not

work

MALE

All Races

Total ..................................... 100 159 76 165 65 409 53 801 6 892 4 716 10 756 4 368 2 167 4 221 23 994 Without earnings................................ 24 037 44 21 13 – 7 23 16 5 2 23 994 With earnings .................................. 76 121 76 121 65 389 53 787 6 892 4 709 10 733 4 351 2 162 4 220 – $1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 5 322 5 322 1 690 370 119 1 201 3 632 410 374 2 848 – $2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 3 364 3 364 1 509 251 185 1 073 1 855 650 573 632 – $5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 3 562 3 562 2 006 708 510 788 1 556 853 401 303 – $7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 2 819 2 819 1 883 890 606 386 937 618 210 108 – $10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 4 564 4 564 3 629 2 412 844 373 935 634 199 102 – $12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 2 781 2 781 2 464 1 829 457 178 318 202 81 34 – $15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 4 070 4 070 3 725 2 956 603 166 345 218 65 63 – $17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 2 838 2 838 2 721 2 232 398 91 117 82 20 15 – $20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 4 444 4 444 4 263 3 712 481 69 181 116 52 12 – $22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 2 923 2 923 2 841 2 521 274 47 82 62 13 6 –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 6 471 6 471 6 287 5 612 581 94 184 135 36 13 – $30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 6 105 6 105 5 982 5 441 496 45 123 66 26 32 – $35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 5 159 5 159 5 059 4 648 366 44 100 56 26 18 – $40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 4 446 4 446 4 388 4 094 257 37 59 28 24 7 – $45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 3 025 3 025 2 980 2 791 161 28 45 34 7 4 – $50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 3 135 3 135 3 086 2 893 177 16 49 27 7 15 – $55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 3 580 3 580 3 522 3 364 134 24 58 38 16 4 – $65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 2 162 2 162 2 133 2 068 61 4 29 27 3 – – $75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 1 648 1 648 1 629 1 565 46 19 19 13 2 3 – $85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 941 941 911 875 32 4 30 17 13 – – $100,000 and over ............................ 2 763 2 763 2 683 2 557 104 22 81 66 15 – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 25 785 25 785 29 604 32 144 18 267 5 256 4 838 8 564 5 837 1 852 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 123 123 246 115 408 171 109 209 227 45 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 33 784 33 784 37 791 42 049 24 049 9 265 9 370 14 663 10 450 3 358 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 285 285 318 372 507 500 410 889 837 160 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .476 .476 .429 .393 .414 .569 .619 .553 .566 .569 (B)

Standard error................................ .0051 .0051 .0054 .0060 .0162 .0255 .0187 .0300 .0415 .0351 (B)

White

Total ..................................... 84 540 65 442 56 260 46 663 5 870 3 727 9 181 3 777 1 917 3 487 19 098

Without earnings................................ 19 135 37 14 7 – 7 23 16 5 2 19 098

With earnings .................................. 65 405 65 405 56 246 46 656 5 870 3 720 9 158 3 761 1 912 3 485 –

$1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 4 365 4 365 1 347 323 108 915 3 019 363 334 2 322 –

$2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 2 799 2 799 1 181 211 155 815 1 618 579 504 535 –

$5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 2 913 2 913 1 615 594 412 609 1 298 713 334 252 –

$7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 2 371 2 371 1 544 737 486 322 826 541 195 90 –

$10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 3 785 3 785 3 004 2 011 690 302 781 523 174 85 –

$12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 2 245 2 245 1 978 1 461 361 156 266 164 68 34 –

$15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 3 346 3 346 3 040 2 388 503 149 307 198 56 53 –

$17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 2 394 2 394 2 294 1 874 348 72 100 70 16 13 –

$20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 3 782 3 782 3 630 3 147 417 66 152 92 49 11 –

$22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 2 484 2 484 2 411 2 122 251 38 72 55 11 6 –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 5 615 5 615 5 446 4 858 507 81 169 121 35 13 –

$30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 5 241 5 241 5 130 4 665 433 32 111 57 26 28 –

$35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 4 550 4 550 4 458 4 080 339 39 92 51 26 16 –

$40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 3 851 3 851 3 802 3 571 206 26 48 22 22 3 –

$45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 2 689 2 689 2 644 2 481 142 22 45 34 7 4 –

$50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 2 822 2 822 2 776 2 601 159 16 46 27 7 12 –

$55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 3 228 3 228 3 172 3 025 129 19 56 36 16 4 –

$65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 1 991 1 991 1 962 1 903 55 4 29 27 3 – –

$75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 1 510 1 510 1 492 1 430 46 16 18 13 2 3 –

$85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 868 868 839 807 28 4 30 17 13 – –

$100,000 and over ............................ 2 554 2 554 2 480 2 368 93 19 74 60 15 – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 26 464 26 464 30 428 32 966 19 069 5 532 4 911 8 546 5 882 1 877 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 132 132 126 324 431 196 119 222 257 50 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 34 861 34 861 38 974 43 118 24 584 9 712 9 602 14 616 10 935 3 458 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 313 313 350 406 532 614 420 865 942 180 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .474 .474 .427 .396 .411 .571 .618 .552 .579 .573 (B)

Standard error................................ .0054 .0054 .0059 .0064 .0172 .0295 .0192 .0300 .0442 .0380 (B)

See footnote at end of table.

38nnnnnINCOME
Table 10. Work Experience in 1996mTotal Money Earnings in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and

Over, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Worked

Worked at full~time jobs Worked at part~time jobs

Total Total Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks

or less Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks

or less

Did not

work

MALEmCon.

Black

Total ..................................... 11 113 7 347 6 237 4 799 749 689 1 110 396 156 558 3 765 Without earnings................................ 3 765 – – – – – – – – –3 765 With earnings .................................. 7 347 7 347 6 237 4 799 749 689 1 110 396 156 558 – $1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 720 720 252 39 11 202 468 33 21 414 – $2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 385 385 231 33 24 173 154 50 36 68 – $5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 482 482 302 83 79 141 180 98 49 33 – $7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 326 326 247 116 96 36 79 61 5 12 – $10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 532 532 425 259 110 56 106 69 19 18 – $12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 376 376 339 244 78 17 37 24 13 – – $15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 548 548 522 435 79 8 26 14 6 7 – $17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 303 303 291 247 31 13 12 9 4 – – $20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 471 471 462 425 38 – 9 9 – – – $22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 337 337 329 304 19 7 8 6 2 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 616 616 610 561 44 6 6 6 – – – $30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 603 603 595 544 44 7 9 9 – – – $35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 430 430 428 403 19 6 3 1 – 2 – $40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 409 409 402 355 41 6 7 3 2 3 – $45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 214 214 214 199 9 6 – – – – – $50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 194 194 194 178 16 – – – – – – $55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 157 157 155 150 3 2 2 2 – – – $65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 81 81 81 77 5 – – – – – – $75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 66 66 66 62 – 3 – – – – – $85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 26 26 26 24 2 – – – – – – $100,000 and over ............................ 70 70 67 62 4 1 3 3 – – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 20 005 20 005 22 859 26 404 14 266 4 559 3 910 8 192 6 086 1 684 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 486 486 482 379 734 318 453 679 531 119 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 24 376 24 376 27 323 31 326 20 205 7 183 7 824 15 604 7 217 2 469 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 765 765 812 976 2 064 654 2 009 5 540 776 320 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .453 .453 .399 .336 .421 .543 .640 .600 .362 .496 (B)

Standard error................................ .0177 .0177 .0184 .0207 .0691 .0642 .1363 .2194 .1079 .1079 (B)

Hispanic Origin1

Total ..................................... 10 627 8 164 7 093 5 542 907 644 1 072 467 203 401 2 463

Without earnings................................ 2 467 5 2 2 – – 2 2 – –2 463

With earnings .................................. 8 160 8 160 7 090 5 540 907 644 1 069 464 203 401 –

$1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 571 571 236 49 5 182 335 36 40 259 –

$2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 445 445 264 47 39 178 181 68 40 74 –

$5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 588 588 402 164 131 106 187 101 36 49 –

$7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 511 511 379 197 138 43 132 87 41 5 –

$10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 1 011 1 011 903 680 174 48 109 89 15 4 –

$12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 559 559 534 448 72 14 24 19 6 – –

$15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 768 768 744 641 85 18 25 17 5 3 –

$17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 421 421 407 330 67 10 14 8 4 2 –

$20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 564 564 554 504 38 11 10 10 – – –

$22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 322 322 319 293 22 5 3 3 – – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 626 626 610 555 45 10 16 8 7 – –

$30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 492 492 478 444 30 4 13 6 3 4 –

$35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 343 343 336 308 27 1 7 6 1 – –

$40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 222 222 216 204 11 1 6 – 5 1 –

$45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 193 193 193 182 9 2 – – – – –

$50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 143 143 140 136 3 1 3 3 – – –

$55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 168 168 166 161 3 1 2 2 – – –

$65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 68 68 67 64 3 – 1 1 – – –

$75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 57 57 57 51 – 6 – – – – –

$85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 20 20 20 19 1 – – – – – –

$100,000 and over ............................ 68 68 67 62 4 1 – – – – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 16 285 16 285 18 022 21 056 12 019 4 459 5 244 8 277 6 545 1 938 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 246 246 434 309 362 299 368 521 822 162 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 21 441 21 441 23 621 26 790 15 863 7 277 6 977 9 927 8 320 2 881 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 644 644 729 902 917 716 423 720 982 365 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .442 .442 .408 .370 .363 .541 .497 .383 .459 .507 (B)

Standard error................................ .0169 .0169 .0182 .0207 .0488 .0666 .0704 .0702 .1026 .1029 (B)

See footnote at end of table.

INCOMEnnnnn39
Table 10. Work Experience in 1996mTotal Money Earnings in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and

Over, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Worked

Worked at full~time jobs Worked at part~time jobs

Total Total Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks

or less Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks

or less

Did not

work

FEMALE

All Races

Total ..................................... 107 076 66 744 46 978 36 457 6 105 4 416 19 765 9 097 4 528 6 141 40 332 Without earnings................................ 40 415 83 34 27 3 4 49 29 5 14 40 332 With earnings .................................. 66 661 66 661 46 944 36 430 6 102 4 412 19 717 9 068 4 522 6 126 – $1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 7 621 7 621 1 828 256 134 1 438 5 793 761 762 4 269 – $2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 5 099 5 099 1 708 280 260 1 168 3 392 1 301 1 088 1 003 – $5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 5 452 5 452 2 190 665 761 765 3 262 1 831 987 443 – $7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 4 054 4 054 2 191 1 192 673 326 1 864 1 219 530 115 – $10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 5 685 5 685 3 872 2 892 764 216 1 813 1 263 426 123 – $12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 3 505 3 505 2 776 2 180 499 97 729 506 170 53 – $15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 4 659 4 659 3 900 3 293 513 94 759 551 177 32 – $17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 3 405 3 405 3 052 2 677 319 56 353 272 71 10 – $20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 4 605 4 605 4 125 3 690 371 64 480 370 88 22 – $22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 2 640 2 640 2 466 2 254 184 27 174 134 36 4 –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 5 401 5 401 5 003 4 504 458 41 398 288 87 23 – $30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 4 253 4 253 4 017 3 610 369 38 235 183 40 13 – $35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 2 842 2 842 2 637 2 401 211 25 205 183 16 6 – $40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 2 168 2 168 2 094 1 879 198 16 75 46 26 2 – $45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 1 394 1 394 1 348 1 223 120 5 46 41 4 – – $50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 1 126 1 126 1 071 996 64 11 55 44 6 5 – $55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 1 189 1 189 1 156 1 079 72 5 33 28 5 – – $65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 549 549 531 469 56 6 18 14 3 1 – $75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 331 331 311 288 21 2 20 20 – – – $85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 226 226 217 186 24 6 9 7 – 2 – $100,000 and over ............................ 458 458 453 417 30 7 4 4 – – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 16 028 16 028 21 185 23 710 14 799 4 144 5 517 8 814 6 041 1 794 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 109 109 103 166 305 111 84 153 133 36 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 20 038 20 038 25 156 28 355 19 501 6 561 7 855 11 416 7 817 2 611 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 161 161 214 259 367 290 102 174 172 90 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .461 .461 .384 .334 .403 .546 .508 .417 .434 .499 (B)

Standard error................................ .0049 .0049 .0059 .0068 .0160 .0259 .0181 .0170 .0198 .0281 (B)

White

Total ..................................... 88 756 55 406 38 098 29 612 5 072 3 415 17 307 8 084 4 025 5 198 33 350

Without earnings................................ 33 416 65 24 17 3 4 41 26 5 10 33 350

With earnings .................................. 55 340 55 340 38 074 29 595 5 068 3 411 17 266 8 058 4 020 5 188 –

$1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 6 336 6 336 1 368 215 102 1 052 4 968 699 682 3 587 –

$2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 4 273 4 273 1 309 219 199 891 2 964 1 133 969 862 –

$5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 4 577 4 577 1 723 546 575 603 2 854 1 616 862 376 –

$7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 3 358 3 358 1 754 899 578 277 1 604 1 048 450 105 –

$10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 4 711 4 711 3 103 2 309 621 173 1 607 1 110 392 105 –

$12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 2 872 2 872 2 222 1 724 413 85 650 460 152 38 –

$15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 3 755 3 755 3 067 2 573 425 68 688 494 164 31 –

$17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 2 712 2 712 2 378 2 097 233 48 333 255 70 9 –

$20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 3 781 3 781 3 339 2 963 319 57 442 335 88 19 –

$22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 2 234 2 234 2 082 1 885 172 25 152 120 28 4 –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 4 453 4 453 4 085 3 634 415 36 368 272 73 23 –

$30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 3 609 3 609 3 396 3 040 325 31 213 171 32 11 –

$35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 2 310 2 310 2 131 1 926 187 18 179 157 16 6 –

$40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 1 809 1 809 1 738 1 552 173 13 70 44 24 2 –

$45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 1 232 1 232 1 188 1 076 107 5 44 39 4 – –

$50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 949 949 896 832 54 10 53 42 6 5 –

$55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 1 017 1 017 991 928 62 2 26 21 5 – –

$65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 460 460 442 387 50 6 18 14 3 1 –

$75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 301 301 283 262 19 2 18 18 – – –

$85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 208 208 199 172 21 6 9 7 – 2 –

$100,000 and over ............................ 383 383 379 355 19 5 4 4 – – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 16 028 16 028 21 582 24 160 15 274 4 335 5 614 8 887 6 041 1 808 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 123 123 114 179 329 128 90 168 144 39 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 20 039 20 039 25 490 28 596 19 857 6 912 8 018 11 526 7 878 2 678 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 158 158 210 250 386 357 111 186 185 102 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .460 .460 .378 .330 .394 .546 .507 .419 .437 .506 (B)

Standard error................................ .0052 .0052 .0063 .0072 .0169 .0305 .0184 .0173 .0210 .0308 (B)

See footnote at end of table.

40nnnnnINCOME
Table 10. Work Experience in 1996mTotal Money Earnings in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and

Over, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Worked

Worked at full~time jobs Worked at part~time jobs

Total Total Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks

or less Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks

or less

Did not

work

FEMALEmCon.

Black

Total ..................................... 13 514 8 337 6 633 5 098 761 773 1 704 686 326 692 5 177 Without earnings................................ 5 177 – – – – – – – – –5 177 With earnings .................................. 8 337 8 337 6 633 5 098 761 773 1 704 686 326 692 – $1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 953 953 353 25 26 303 600 40 55 505 – $2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 651 651 329 51 53 225 323 120 91 112 – $5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 661 661 366 90 149 126 295 162 90 43 – $7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 519 519 341 222 84 34 178 127 45 5 – $10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 688 688 562 435 105 22 126 101 16 9 – $12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 470 470 414 356 51 8 56 32 9 15 – $15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 698 698 655 563 70 22 42 37 5 – – $17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 545 545 536 463 65 8 9 8 2 – – $20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 649 649 622 584 32 7 26 26 – – – $22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 279 279 268 264 2 3 11 9 2 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 738 738 726 696 27 3 13 8 5 – – $30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 435 435 428 397 27 5 6 – 4 2 – $35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 365 365 358 337 18 3 7 7 – – – $40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 258 258 254 235 19 – 4 2 2 – – $45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 108 108 108 100 8 – – – – – – $50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 119 119 117 107 8 1 3 3 – – – $55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 111 111 109 101 5 3 2 2 – – – $65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 43 43 43 40 3 – – – – – – $75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 8 8642–22–– – $85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 9 9953––––– – $100,000 and over ............................ 29 29 29 24 4 1 – – – – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 15 809 15 809 18 884 21 473 11 626 3 433 4 452 7 915 5 470 1 713 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 274 274 319 256 551 260 268 429 420 109 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 18 853 18 853 22 167 25 576 16 598 5 175 5 954 9 488 6 510 2 192 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 579 579 708 879 1 296 475 279 514 546 193 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .449 .449 .391 .320 .447 .530 .489 .360 .398 .446 (B)

Standard error................................ .0173 .0173 .0199 .0229 .0643 .0618 .0372 .0555 .0807 .0788 (B)

Hispanic Origin1

Total ..................................... 10 073 5 531 4 044 2 954 550 540 1 488 689 280 518 4 541

Without earnings................................ 4 549 8 2 2 – – 6 5 – 14 541

With earnings .................................. 5 524 5 524 4 042 2 952 550 540 1 482 684 280 517 –

$1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 659 659 197 20 17 160 462 48 30 384 –

$2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 529 529 238 37 34 167 291 143 77 70 –

$5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 609 609 324 99 106 120 284 172 69 43 –

$7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 480 480 337 203 90 44 143 103 33 7 –

$10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 662 662 547 438 85 24 115 85 26 4 –

$12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 379 379 327 274 47 6 52 39 11 2 –

$15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 426 426 375 311 61 3 51 33 17 1 –

$17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 248 248 236 204 28 4 12 10 2 – –

$20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 364 364 341 319 18 4 23 20 4 – –

$22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 187 187 177 162 12 3 10 5 5 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 318 318 304 276 29 – 14 9 4 1 –

$30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 225 225 218 208 10 – 7 7 – – –

$35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 128 128 121 114 7 – 6 4 1 2 –

$40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 96 96 94 92 2 – 3 1 1 – –

$45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 61 61 60 58 – 2 2 2 – – –

$50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 55 55 53 50 – 3 2 – – 2 –

$55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 36 36 36 34 1 – – – – – –

$65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 34 34 30 28 3 – 4 4 – – –

$75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 4 444–––––– –

$85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 4 444–––––– –

$100,000 and over ............................ 17 17 17 17 – – – – – – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 11 831 11 831 15 334 18 665 10 816 4 138 4 900 7 202 6 181 1 685 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 235 235 357 557 579 292 279 326 506 124 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 15 508 15 508 18 831 22 523 12 650 4 942 6 445 9 031 7 739 2 321 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 566 566 746 986 631 399 312 501 607 327 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .457 .457 .398 .341 .330 .426 .483 .378 .389 .483 (B)

Standard error................................ .0192 .0192 .0228 .0273 .0553 .0719 .0389 .0552 .0778 .1172 (B)

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

INCOMEnnnnn41
Table 11. Source of Income in 1996mNumber with Income and Mean Income of Specified Type

in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and Over, by Age

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

TOTAL, 15 YEARS AND OVER

Total 189 ............................. 997 25 466 160 783 26 254 21 227 19 181 17 048 17 506

Earnings 142 ................................ 782 27 366 120 745 28 068 15 684 21 440 13 683 19 046

Wages and salary 135 ...................... 491 27 072 114 150 27 795 15 311 21 360 13 228 18 956

Nonfarm self~employment 11 ............... 303 20 158 10 131 20 222 676 13 574 663 14 484

Farm self~employment 1 .................. 057 10 897 1 021 11 152 23 (B) 17 (B)

Unemployment compensation 6 ............. 570 2 682 5 485 2 714 815 2 389 679 2 458

State or local only 6 ...................... 115 2 612 5 139 2 620 729 2 434 644 2 417

Combinations 455 .......................... 3 633 347 4 104 86 2 008 34 (B)

Workers’ compensation 2 ................... 077 4 669 1 781 4 626 233 5 482 201 4 346

State payments 814 ........................ 4 194 694 4 019 92 6 364 101 3 594

Employment insurance 1 .................. 138 4 952 1 007 5 018 104 4 467 87 4 847

Own insurance 53 ......................... (B) 40 (B) 7 (B) 5 (B)

Other 72 ................................. (B) 41 (B) 30 (B) 9 (B)

Social Security 37 ........................... 551 7 958 33 220 8 096 3 526 6 706 1 857 6 436

SSI (Supplemental Security Income) 5 ........ 203 4 278 3 503 4 297 1 423 4 240 747 4 431

Public assistance, total 4 .................... 624 3 479 2 783 3 384 1 585 3 465 949 4 106

AFDC only 3 ............................ 524 3 671 2 115 3 601 1 213 3 556 694 4 307

Other assistance only 991 ................... 2 609 601 2 435 335 2 920 210 2 981

Both 110 .................................. 5 159 66 (B) 37 (B) 46 (B)

Veterans’ benefits 2 ........................ 356 6 729 2 037 6 878 286 5 783 95 8 084

Disability only 1 .......................... 237 5 015 1 080 5 109 137 4 431 43 (B)

Survivors only 313 ......................... 5 612 277 5 535 30 (B) 16 (B)

Pension only 476 .......................... 11 969 422 12 158 48 (B) 15 (B)

Education only 93 ......................... 2 664 67 (B) 25 (B) 12 (B)

Other only 137 ............................. 4 094 112 4 162 25 (B) 5 (B)

Combinations 100 .......................... 13 824 79 14 841 21 (B) 5 (B)

Means~tested 422 .......................... 5 587 341 5 780 71 (B) 34 (B)

Nonmeans~tested 1 ...................... 934 6 978 1 696 7 099 214 6 176 62 (B)

Survivors benefits 2 ........................ 398 9 140 2 208 9 419 164 6 178 64 (B)

Company or union 1 ...................... 069 5 721 957 5 875 99 4 221 26 (B)

Federal government 242 .................... 10 815 214 10 877 27 (B) 7 (B)

Military retirement 131 ...................... 5 040 126 5 227 – (B) 6 (B)

State or local government 174 ............... 8 695 173 8 726 – (B) 6 (B)

Railroad retirement 66 ..................... (B) 57 (B) 9 (B) 2 (B)

Workers’ compensation 18 ................. (B) 17 (B) 1 (B) 2 (B)

Black Lung 52 ............................ (B) 49 (B) 2 (B) 1 (B)

Estates or trusts 318 ....................... 16 762 304 17 041 11 (B) 3 (B)

Annuities 212 .............................. 8 022 196 8 301 12 (B) 5 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 228 .................... 13 405 219 13 856 9 (B) 6 (B)

Disability benefits 1 ........................ 624 8 197 1 339 8 659 228 5 442 119 6 659

Workers’ compensation 95 ................. 5 435 79 5 310 13 (B) 3 (B)

Company or union 518 ...................... 7 969 433 8 080 65 (B) 36 (B)

Federal government 127 .................... 9 767 113 9 301 11 (B) 7 (B)

Military retirement 40 ...................... (B) 39 (B) – (B) 4 (B)

State or local government 212 ............... 10 497 189 11 005 15 (B) 15 (B)

Railroad retirement 18 ..................... (B) 11 (B) 5 (B) 2 (B)

Accident insurance 161 ..................... 13 321 147 14 056 5 (B) 12 (B)

Black Lung 25 ............................ (B) 25 (B) – (B) – (B)

Temporary insurance 11 ................... (B) 11 (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 447 .................... 5 443 320 5 914 114 4 020 44 (B)

Pensions 14 ................................ 477 11 672 13 078 11 849 1 132 9 757 376 9 171

Company or union 9 ...................... 028 8 982 8 213 9 063 637 7 724 240 6 679

Federal government 1 .................... 347 20 230 1 208 20 814 115 14 499 46 (B)

Military retirement 907 ...................... 17 000 744 17 867 142 12 683 21 (B)

State or local government 2 ............... 593 13 077 2 343 13 273 223 11 091 56 (B)

Railroad retirement 199 ..................... 13 840 191 13 897 9 (B) 5 (B)

Annuities 240 .............................. 6 434 229 6 482 5 (B) 6 (B)

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) 329 ................. 7 563 311 7 829 8 (B) 8 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 408 .................... 10 883 395 11 070 8 (B) 12 (B)

Interest 103 ................................. 420 1 510 93 411 1 551 6 095 1 035 4 780 651

Dividends 30 ............................... 787 2 490 28 687 2 528 1 042 2 031 736 2 372

Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 12 ........... 851 3 464 11 767 3 452 505 3 246 636 2 557

Education 7 ............................... 963 3 614 6 471 3 558 1 079 3 342 601 3 193

Pell grant only 1 ......................... 508 1 966 1 060 1 955 362 1 885 188 1 962

Other government only 1 ................. 289 3 752 1 046 3 644 165 2 754 116 3 130

Scholarships only 1 ...................... 716 3 858 1 426 3 661 190 4 752 114 3 602

Other only 1 ............................. 876 2 530 1 695 2 428 116 2 020 77 2 065

Combinations 1 .......................... 574 6 105 1 243 6 278 246 5 423 106 5 809

Child support 5 ............................ 146 3 551 4 098 3 774 921 2 527 355 2 592

Alimony 476 ................................. 8 657 433 8 979 36 (B) 19 (B)

Financial assistance 1 ...................... 912 5 496 1 525 4 644 189 5 016 172 5 279

Other income 1 ............................ 703 4 425 1 475 4 576 126 3 360 77 3 472

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 56 .......... 722 8 313 47 626 8 664 7 390 6 391 4 272 5 809

Public assistance or SSI 9 ................ 332 4 110 6 009 4 071 2 826 4 078 1 629 4 425

Social Security or Railroad retirement 37 ..... 740 8 008 33 393 8 150 3 540 6 738 1 865 6 479

Company or union pension2 ............. 10 446 8 743 9 441 8 850 794 7 255 297 6 640

Military retirement2 ..................... 1 071 15 309 901 15 812 142 12 683 31 (B)

Federal government retirement2.......... 1 701 18 285 1 521 18 753 152 13 779 59 (B)

State or local retirement2 ................ 2 928 12 857 2 654 13 068 239 10 569 76 9 673

Property income3 ...................... 107 187 2 637 96 734 2 721 6 355 1 605 5 063 1 286

Child support or alimony 5 ................ 450 4 110 4 374 4 424 943 2 637 368 2 971

Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 13 113 3 801 12 019 3 812 513 3 453 640 2 584

UNDER 65

Total 158 ............................. 798 26 871 132 803 27 836 18 723 19 977 15 668 18 018

Earnings 137 ................................ 821 27 622 116 274 28 380 15 360 21 544 13 483 19 091

Wages and salary 131 ...................... 241 27 264 110 341 28 036 15 026 21 446 13 038 19 003

Nonfarm self~employment 10 ............... 537 20 784 9 417 20 887 635 13 578 648 14 496

Farm self~employment 894 .................. 10 959 865 11 233 19 (B) 17 (B)

Unemployment compensation 6 ............. 424 2 692 5 348 2 728 812 2 395 670 2 469

State or local only 5 ...................... 979 2 622 5 009 2 635 729 2 434 636 2 428

Combinations 445 .......................... 3 639 340 4 097 84 2 056 34 (B)

Workers’ compensation 1 ................... 961 4 593 1 674 4 521 231 5 489 201 4 340

State payments 770 ........................ 4 091 654 3 880 90 6 404 101 3 594

Employment insurance 1 .................. 072 4 878 945 4 919 104 4 467 87 4 836

Own insurance 53 ......................... (B) 40 (B) 7 (B) 5 (B)

Other 67 ................................. (B) 35 (B) 30 (B) 9 (B)

Social Security 8 ........................... 830 6 750 7 213 6 885 1 362 5 995 735 5 961

See footnotes at end of table.

42nnnnnINCOME
Table 11. Source of Income in 1996mNumber with Income and Mean Income of Specified Type

in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and Over, by AgemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

UNDER 65mCon.

SSI (Supplemental Security Income) 3 ........ 758 4 722 2 506 4 762 1 093 4 643 458 5 007

Public assistance, total 4 .................... 522 3 504 2 713 3 413 1 559 3 483 931 4 117

AFDC only 3 ............................ 502 3 676 2 103 3 603 1 204 3 564 689 4 321

Other assistance only 911 ................... 2 642 544 2 477 318 2 952 196 2 907

Both 110 .................................. 5 159 66 (B) 37 (B) 46 (B)

Veterans’ benefits 1 ........................ 216 7 524 1 004 7 957 188 5 325 57 (B)

Disability only 628 .......................... 5 705 518 6 187 95 3 214 24 (B)

Survivors only 117 ......................... 5 529 102 5 351 12 (B) 6 (B)

Pension only 238 .......................... 13 393 205 13 402 28 (B) 11 (B)

Education only 93 ......................... 2 664 67 (B) 25 (B) 12 (B)

Other only 70 ............................. (B) 52 (B) 18 (B) 4 (B)

Combinations 70 .......................... (B) 61 (B) 9 (B) 1 (B)

Means~tested 202 .......................... 6 319 154 6 352 39 (B) 20 (B)

Nonmeans~tested 1 ...................... 014 7 763 850 8 247 149 5 088 37 (B)

Survivors benefits 853 ........................ 12 083 776 12 729 70 (B) 19 (B)

Company or union 253 ...................... 7 629 207 8 232 41 (B) 3 (B)

Federal government 60 .................... (B) 51 (B) 9 (B) 3 (B)

Military retirement 35 ...................... (B) 35 (B) – (B) 2 (B)

State or local government 50 ............... (B) 50 (B) – (B) – (B)

Railroad retirement 8 ..................... (B) 6 (B) 1 (B) 2 (B)

Workers’ compensation 9 ................. (B) 9 (B) – (B) – (B)

Black Lung 9 ............................ (B) 9 (B) – (B) – (B)

Estates or trusts 204 ....................... 14 631 196 14 872 8 (B) 3 (B)

Annuities 88 .............................. 9 425 79 9 833 7 (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 165 .................... 17 051 159 17 599 6 (B) 6 (B)

Disability benefits 1 ........................ 370 8 120 1 123 8 617 193 5 235 106 6 880

Workers’ compensation 80 ................. 5 486 64 (B) 13 (B) 2 (B)

Company or union 432 ...................... 7 702 365 7 639 47 (B) 31 (B)

Federal government 102 .................... 8 143 92 8 329 8 (B) 7 (B)

Military retirement 23 ...................... (B) 23 (B) – (B) 4 (B)

State or local government 175 ............... 10 450 153 11 049 15 (B) 11 (B)

Railroad retirement 14 ..................... (B) 10 (B) 5 (B) 2 (B)

Accident insurance 146 ..................... 14 321 133 15 242 5 (B) 12 (B)

Black Lung 3 ............................ (B) 3 (B) – (B) – (B)

Temporary insurance 11 ................... (B) 11 (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 400 .................... 5 765 285 6 286 101 4 220 40 (B)

Pensions 4 ................................ 468 14 708 3 890 15 208 454 11 091 127 9 949

Company or union 2 ...................... 338 12 273 2 056 12 610 213 9 494 73 (B)

Federal government 401 .................... 21 607 355 22 453 33 (B) 16 (B)

Military retirement 615 ...................... 16 240 477 17 156 119 12 568 14 (B)

State or local government 846 ............... 16 922 759 17 337 77 12 898 18 (B)

Railroad retirement 33 ..................... (B) 31 (B) 2 (B) 1 (B)

Annuities 60 .............................. (B) 55 (B) 3 (B) 1 (B)

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) 140 ................. 5 437 124 5 798 7 (B) 4 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 195 .................... 12 997 185 13 470 6 (B) 1 (B)

Interest 83 ................................. 645 1 122 74 736 1 147 5 311 739 4 378 549

Dividends 24 ............................... 843 2 084 22 917 2 127 944 1 385 674 2 015

Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 9 ........... 889 3 235 8 991 3 206 390 2 961 557 2 331

Education 7 ............................... 944 3 612 6 454 3 556 1 076 3 341 601 3 193

Pell grant only 1 ......................... 503 1 951 1 058 1 939 359 1 867 188 1 962

Other government only 1 ................. 285 3 760 1 042 3 654 165 2 754 116 3 130

Scholarships only 1 ...................... 714 3 863 1 424 3 667 190 4 752 114 3 602

Other only 1 ............................. 869 2 514 1 688 2 410 116 2 020 77 2 065

Combinations 1 .......................... 574 6 107 1 242 6 280 246 5 423 106 5 809

Child support 5 ............................ 134 3 554 4 095 3 775 911 2 528 355 2 592

Alimony 422 ................................. 8 926 381 9 318 33 (B) 18 (B)

Financial assistance 1 ...................... 787 5 598 1 408 4 705 183 5 138 158 5 378

Other income 1 ............................ 427 4 229 1 206 4 365 126 3 360 77 3 452

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 26 .......... 900 6 287 20 773 6 562 5 056 5 255 2 984 4 891

Public assistance or SSI 7 ................ 819 4 296 4 967 4 268 2 479 4 238 1 329 4 607

Social Security or Railroad retirement 8 ..... 882 6 779 7 257 6 918 1 370 6 010 741 6 033

Company or union pension2 ............. 2 999 11 326 2 605 11 674 298 8 601 107 9 021

Military retirement2 ..................... 670 15 431 532 16 043 119 12 568 20 (B)

Federal government retirement2.......... 563 17 921 498 18 621 50 (B) 26 (B)

State or local retirement2 ................ 1 041 16 209 932 16 715 92 11 202 28 (B)

Property income3 ...................... 86 724 2 083 77 449 2 145 5 514 1 170 4 636 1 097

Child support or alimony 5 ................ 382 4 089 4 320 4 400 930 2 623 367 2 969

Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 10 064 3 475 9 158 3 465 398 3 076 560 2 363

15 to 24 Years

Total 27 ............................. 518 9 150 22 662 9 304 3 597 8 220 3 336 8 813

Earnings 23 ................................ 872 8 995 20 007 9 142 2 865 8 159 2 857 9 036

Wages and salary 23 ...................... 527 8 973 19 701 9 123 2 839 8 144 2 836 9 016

Nonfarm self~employment 649 ............... 5 366 558 5 429 60 (B) 53 (B)

Farm self~employment 41 .................. (B) 34 (B) 6 (B) – (B)

Unemployment compensation 561 ............. 1 520 439 1 461 97 1 617 56 (B)

State or local only 519 ...................... 1 519 418 1 488 78 1 561 53 (B)

Combinations 42 .......................... (B) 22 (B) 19 (B) 3 (B)

Workers’ compensation 168 ................... 1 628 148 1 630 19 (B) 9 (B)

State payments 73 ........................ (B) 68 (B) 5 (B) 8 (B)

Employment insurance 94 .................. 1 162 79 1 027 13 (B) 1 (B)

Own insurance – ......................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other 1 ................................. (B) 1 (B) – (B) – (B)

Social Security 941 ........................... 4 379 739 4 525 171 3 573 130 3 875

SSI (Supplemental Security Income) 500 ........ 4 507 295 4 410 188 4 722 67 (B)

Public assistance, total 1 .................... 116 3 029 689 2 823 386 3 423 246 3 402

AFDC only 910 ............................ 3 053 557 2 875 325 3 358 178 3 399

Other assistance only 185 ................... 2 807 117 2 530 57 (B) 59 (B)

Both 21 .................................. (B) 15 (B) 4 (B) 9 (B)

Veterans’ benefits 58 ........................ (B) 41 (B) 17 (B) 5 (B)

Disability only 11 .......................... (B) 11 (B) – (B) – (B)

Survivors only 10 ......................... (B) 10 (B) – (B) – (B)

Pension only – .......................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Education only 22 ......................... (B) 14 (B) 8 (B) 5 (B)

Other only 12 ............................. (B) 3 (B) 8 (B) – (B)

Combinations 3 .......................... (B) 3 (B) – (B) – (B)

Means~tested 14 .......................... (B) 14 (B) – (B) – (B)

Nonmeans~tested 44 ...................... (B) 27 (B) 17 (B) 5 (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

INCOMEnnnnn43
Table 11. Source of Income in 1996mNumber with Income and Mean Income of Specified Type

in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and Over, by AgemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

UNDER 65mCon.

15 to 24 YearsmCon.

Survivors benefits 41 ........................ (B) 38 (B) 3 (B) 2 (B)

Company or union 8 ...................... (B) 5 (B) 3 (B) – (B)

Federal government 3 .................... (B) 3 (B) – (B) – (B)

Military retirement – ...................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

State or local government – ............... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) Railroad retirement – ..................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Workers’ compensation – ................. (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Black Lung – ............................ (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) Estates or trusts 15 ....................... (B) 15 (B) – (B) 2 (B) Annuities – .............................. (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 15 .................... (B) 15 (B) – (B) – (B)

Disability benefits 68 ........................ (B) 53 (B) 11 (B) 10 (B)

Workers’ compensation 2 ................. (B) 2 (B) – (B) – (B)

Company or union 12 ...................... (B) 12 (B) – (B) 2 (B)

Federal government 2 .................... (B) – (B) – (B) 2 (B)

Military retirement – ...................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

State or local government 4 ............... (B) 4 (B) – (B) – (B) Railroad retirement – ..................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) Accident insurance – ..................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Black Lung – ............................ (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Temporary insurance – ................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 48 .................... (B) 34 (B) 11 (B) 6 (B) Pensions 21 ................................ (B) 17 (B) 3 (B) – (B)

Company or union 16 ...................... (B) 13 (B) 3 (B) – (B)

Federal government – .................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Military retirement – ...................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

State or local government 2 ............... (B) 2 (B) – (B) – (B) Railroad retirement – ..................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) Annuities – .............................. (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) – ................. (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 3 .................... (B) 3 (B) – (B) – (B) Interest 8 ................................. 990 370 8 110 355 477 395 527 206 Dividends 1 ............................... 372 664 1 259 646 58 (B) 39 (B)

Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 178 ........... 1 977 167 2 051 5 (B) 6 (B) Education 3 ............................... 998 3 744 3 153 3 733 617 3 742 356 3 049 Pell grant only 838 ......................... 1 841 568 1 723 207 1 958 123 1 947 Other government only 596 ................. 2 977 483 3 076 85 2 756 67 (B)

Scholarships only 1 ...................... 200 3 795 988 3 572 141 4 976 85 3 620 Other only 381 ............................. 2 785 347 2 769 23 (B) 15 (B)

Combinations 983 .......................... 6 138 767 6 280 161 5 620 65 (B)

Child support 637 ............................ 1 697 445 1 774 171 1 089 70 (B)

Alimony 21 ................................. (B) 13 (B) 4 (B) 4 (B)

Financial assistance 778 ...................... 5 426 607 4 667 84 3 671 65 (B)

Other income 183 ............................ 1 991 146 1 838 20 (B) 20 (B)

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 4 .......... 328 3 288 3 087 3 230 1 046 3 485 654 3 251

Public assistance or SSI 1 ................ 564 3 601 952 3 412 555 3 982 311 3 715

Social Security or Railroad retirement 941 ..... 4 379 739 4 525 171 3 573 130 3 875

Company or union pension2 ............. 36 (B) 30 (B) 6 (B) 2 (B)

Military retirement2 ..................... – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Federal government retirement2.......... 5 (B) 3 (B) – (B) 2 (B)

State or local retirement2 ................ 6 (B) 6 (B) – (B) – (B)

Property income3 ...................... 9 280 509 8 359 499 505 471 537 382

Child support or alimony 648 ................ 1 885 449 1 893 175 1 140 73 (B)

Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 193 2 503 182 2 602 5 (B) 8 (B)

25 to 44 Years

Total 79 ............................. 653 28 695 65 774 29 656 9 941 21 559 8 739 20 335

Earnings 72 ................................ 305 29 407 60 184 30 215 8 590 22 836 7 818 21 282

Wages and salary 68 ...................... 950 29 160 57 184 29 983 8 410 22 660 7 535 21 243

Nonfarm self~employment 5 ............... 569 19 789 4 939 19 929 369 15 167 418 14 693

Farm self~employment 418 .................. 13 167 407 13 488 7 (B) 11 (B)

Unemployment compensation 3 ............. 835 2 579 3 163 2 650 515 2 243 429 2 478

State or local only 3 ...................... 590 2 573 2 977 2 633 471 2 297 407 2 457

Combinations 246 .......................... 2 667 186 2 928 44 (B) 22 (B)

Workers’ compensation 1 ................... 042 4 504 883 4 567 123 4 719 129 4 517

State payments 403 ........................ 4 094 329 4 043 57 (B) 59 (B)

Employment insurance 567 .................. 4 827 514 4 934 38 (B) 62 (B)

Own insurance 36 ......................... (B) 26 (B) 7 (B) 5 (B)

Other 37 ................................. (B) 14 (B) 21 (B) 4 (B)

Social Security 2 ........................... 091 6 660 1 586 6 869 440 5 785 198 5 372

SSI (Supplemental Security Income) 1 ........ 673 4 745 1 135 4 831 472 4 613 191 4 879

Public assistance, total 2 .................... 740 3 711 1 628 3 710 972 3 515 538 4 394

AFDC only 2 ............................ 189 3 943 1 303 3 938 769 3 704 417 4 599

Other assistance only 484 ................... 2 481 279 2 349 182 2 671 90 2 642

Both 67 .................................. (B) 45 (B) 21 (B) 30 (B)

Veterans’ benefits 313 ........................ 5 906 241 6 113 68 (B) 18 (B)

Disability only 171 .......................... 4 291 128 4 656 40 (B) 8 (B)

Survivors only 13 ......................... (B) 13 (B) – (B) – (B)

Pension only 43 .......................... (B) 29 (B) 13 (B) 1 (B)

Education only 56 ......................... (B) 45 (B) 10 (B) 5 (B)

Other only 12 ............................. (B) 12 (B) – (B) 2 (B)

Combinations 18 .......................... (B) 13 (B) 5 (B) 1 (B)

Means~tested 60 .......................... (B) 37 (B) 22 (B) 4 (B)

Nonmeans~tested 253 ...................... 5 918 204 6 037 46 (B) 14 (B)

Survivors benefits 236 ........................ 12 674 224 13 023 10 (B) 4 (B)

Company or union 30 ...................... (B) 30 (B) – (B) – (B)

Federal government 8 .................... (B) 3 (B) 5 (B) 1 (B)

Military retirement 1 ...................... (B) 1 (B) – (B) – (B)

State or local government 15 ............... (B) 15 (B) – (B) – (B)

Railroad retirement – ..................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Workers’ compensation 2 ................. (B) 2 (B) – (B) – (B)

Black Lung 5 ............................ (B) 5 (B) – (B) – (B)

Estates or trusts 91 ....................... 12 166 88 12 301 4 (B) 2 (B)

Annuities 29 .............................. (B) 28 (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 66 .................... (B) 62 (B) 4 (B) – (B)

Disability benefits 473 ........................ 7 161 379 7 554 74 (B) 46 (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

44nnnnnINCOME
Table 11. Source of Income in 1996mNumber with Income and Mean Income of Specified Type

in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and Over, by AgemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

UNDER 65mCon.

25 to 44 YearsmCon.

Workers’ compensation 39 ................. (B) 31 (B) 5 (B) 1 (B)

Company or union 127 ...................... 5 936 108 5 609 16 (B) 15 (B)

Federal government 25 .................... (B) 20 (B) 5 (B) 1 (B)

Military retirement 5 ...................... (B) 5 (B) – (B) 2 (B)

State or local government 30 ............... (B) 25 (B) – (B) 3 (B) Railroad retirement 2 ..................... (B) 2 (B) – (B) – (B) Accident insurance 52 ..................... (B) 47 (B) 1 (B) 5 (B)

Black Lung – ............................ (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Temporary insurance 8 ................... (B) 8 (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 189 .................... 4 559 137 4 819 47 (B) 19 (B) Pensions 540 ................................ 7 702 426 7 690 88 7 723 26 (B)

Company or union 244 ...................... 6 723 209 7 104 23 (B) 16 (B)

Federal government 7 .................... (B) 3 (B) 4 (B) 1 (B)

Military retirement 119 ...................... 11 294 60 (B) 53 (B) 6 (B)

State or local government 43 ............... (B) 39 (B) 4 (B) 1 (B) Railroad retirement – ..................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) Annuities 11 .............................. (B) 11 (B) – (B) 1 (B)

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) 58 ................. (B) 49 (B) 3 (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 63 .................... (B) 59 (B) – (B) 1 (B) Interest 42 ................................. 448 813 37 373 821 3 009 622 2 655 489 Dividends 12 ............................... 243 1 529 11 115 1 533 572 1 523 402 1 568 Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 4 ........... 171 2 980 3 733 2 869 186 2 098 299 2 156 Education 3 ............................... 373 3 629 2 790 3 559 412 2 760 227 3 394 Pell grant only 593 ......................... 2 074 430 2 161 143 1 767 61 (B)

Other government only 580 ................. 4 664 464 4 371 70 (B) 44 (B)

Scholarships only 434 ...................... 4 275 367 4 280 40 (B) 26 (B)

Other only 1 ............................. 217 2 543 1 090 2 382 77 1 821 56 (B)

Combinations 549 .......................... 6 112 439 6 396 82 4 757 40 (B)

Child support 3 ............................ 826 3 722 3 082 3 920 652 2 814 249 3 033 Alimony 184 ................................. 7 704 168 7 994 13 (B) 7 (B) Financial assistance 710 ...................... 5 601 556 4 459 64 (B) 65 (B)

Other income 811 ............................ 3 573 691 3 565 65 (B) 42 (B)

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 10 .......... 988 4 758 8 120 4 756 2 398 4 622 1 390 4 512 Public assistance or SSI 4 ................ 119 4 395 2 608 4 417 1 322 4 231 692 4 764 Social Security or Railroad retirement 2 ..... 093 6 657 1 588 6 864 440 5 785 198 5 372 Company or union pension2 ............. 401 6 856 346 7 049 40 (B) 32 (B)

Military retirement2 ..................... 124 11 035 66 (B) 53 (B) 8 (B)

Federal government retirement2.......... 41 (B) 26 (B) 14 (B) 3 (B)

State or local retirement2 ................ 82 11 617 74 (B) 4 (B) 3 (B)

Property income3 ...................... 43 944 1 519 38 698 1 538 3 092 1 024 2 807 917 Child support or alimony 3 ................ 885 4 030 3 139 4 276 654 2 909 251 3 329

Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 4 253 3 184 3 812 3 093 190 2 235 301 2 146

45 to 64 Years

Total 51 ............................. 627 33 503 44 366 34 605 5 185 25 102 3 593 20 928

Earnings 41 ................................ 645 35 201 36 083 35 987 3 904 28 527 2 808 23 222

Wages and salary 38 ...................... 764 34 993 33 457 35 843 3 777 28 743 2 668 23 289

Nonfarm self~employment 4 ............... 319 24 383 3 919 24 298 207 13 436 177 17 000

Farm self~employment 435 .................. 9 537 424 9 651 7 (B) 6 (B)

Unemployment compensation 2 ............. 028 3 232 1 746 3 186 200 3 164 184 2 586

State or local only 1 ...................... 870 3 022 1 615 2 934 179 3 177 175 2 527

Combinations 157 .......................... 5 721 132 6 265 21 (B) 9 (B)

Workers’ compensation 751 ................... 5 380 643 5 124 89 7 343 63 (B)

State payments 294 ........................ 4 581 257 4 112 28 (B) 33 (B)

Employment insurance 412 .................. 5 792 352 5 771 52 (B) 24 (B)

Own insurance 17 ......................... (B) 14 (B) 1 (B) – (B)

Other 28 ................................. (B) 20 (B) 9 (B) 5 (B)

Social Security 5 ........................... 798 7 168 4 888 7 247 751 6 670 407 6 913

SSI (Supplemental Security Income) 1 ........ 586 4 767 1 076 4 785 434 4 640 200 5 215

Public assistance, total 667 .................... 3 446 397 3 220 200 3 442 147 4 303

AFDC only 402 ............................ 3 633 243 3 477 109 3 192 94 4 832

Other assistance only 242 ................... 2 837 148 2 677 79 3 141 47 (B)

Both 22 .................................. (B) 6 (B) 12 (B) 6 (B)

Veterans’ benefits 845 ........................ 8 527 722 8 928 103 5 874 34 (B)

Disability only 446 .......................... 6 355 379 6 842 55 (B) 16 (B)

Survivors only 94 ......................... 5 904 80 5 746 12 (B) 6 (B)

Pension only 196 .......................... 14 049 176 14 028 15 (B) 9 (B)

Education only 14 ......................... (B) 7 (B) 7 (B) 1 (B)

Other only 45 ............................. (B) 36 (B) 10 (B) 1 (B)

Combinations 49 .......................... (B) 45 (B) 4 (B) – (B)

Means~tested 128 .......................... 7 029 103 6 903 17 (B) 16 (B)

Nonmeans~tested 717 ...................... 8 794 619 9 265 86 5 442 18 (B)

Survivors benefits 577 ........................ 12 282 514 13 088 57 (B) 14 (B)

Company or union 216 ...................... 7 006 172 7 476 38 (B) 3 (B)

Federal government 49 .................... (B) 45 (B) 4 (B) 2 (B)

Military retirement 34 ...................... (B) 34 (B) – (B) 2 (B)

State or local government 34 ............... (B) 34 (B) – (B) – (B)

Railroad retirement 8 ..................... (B) 6 (B) 1 (B) 2 (B)

Workers’ compensation 7 ................. (B) 7 (B) – (B) – (B)

Black Lung 4 ............................ (B) 4 (B) – (B) – (B)

Estates or trusts 97 ....................... 17 913 93 18 344 4 (B) – (B)

Annuities 59 .............................. (B) 51 (B) 7 (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 84 .................... 21 422 82 21 824 2 (B) 6 (B)

Disability benefits 829 ........................ 8 822 691 9 350 108 5 777 50 (B)

Workers’ compensation 39 ................. (B) 31 (B) 8 (B) 1 (B)

Company or union 293 ...................... 8 577 246 8 656 30 (B) 14 (B)

Federal government 75 .................... (B) 72 (B) 3 (B) 4 (B)

Military retirement 18 ...................... (B) 18 (B) – (B) 2 (B)

State or local government 141 ............... 10 467 124 11 508 15 (B) 8 (B)

Railroad retirement 12 ..................... (B) 7 (B) 5 (B) 2 (B)

Accident insurance 94 ..................... 11 577 85 12 132 4 (B) 6 (B)

Black Lung 3 ............................ (B) 3 (B) – (B) – (B)

Temporary insurance 4 ................... (B) 4 (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 163 .................... 6 894 114 7 727 44 (B) 15 (B)

Pensions 3 ................................ 908 15 739 3 447 16 199 363 11 988 100 10 425

Company or union 2 ...................... 079 12 997 1 834 13 303 187 10 485 57 (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

INCOMEnnnnn45
Table 11. Source of Income in 1996mNumber with Income and Mean Income of Specified Type

in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and Over, by AgemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

UNDER 65mCon.

45 to 64 YearsmCon.

Federal government 394 .................... 21 864 352 22 653 29 (B) 15 (B)

Military retirement 497 ...................... 17 419 417 17 947 65 (B) 8 (B)

State or local government 801 ............... 17 372 718 17 771 73 (B) 17 (B) Railroad retirement 33 ..................... (B) 31 (B) 2 (B) 1 (B) Annuities 49 .............................. (B) 44 (B) 3 (B) – (B)

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) 82 ................. 6 076 75 6 315 4 (B) 4 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 130 .................... 16 008 124 16 621 6 (B) – (B) Interest 32 ................................. 207 1 740 29 253 1 781 1 824 1 022 1 196 833 Dividends 11 ............................... 228 2 863 10 542 2 929 314 1 240 233 3 004 Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 5 ........... 540 3 468 5 091 3 491 198 3 834 251 2 425 Education 573 ............................... 2 592 512 2 442 47 (B) 17 (B)

Pell grant only 71 ......................... (B) 60 (B) 9 (B) 3 (B)

Other government only 109 ................. 3 237 96 3 095 10 (B) 4 (B)

Scholarships only 80 ...................... 2 658 69 (B) 9 (B) 3 (B)

Other only 272 ............................. 2 005 251 2 033 16 (B) 6 (B)

Combinations 41 .......................... (B) 37 (B) 3 (B) 1 (B)

Child support 671 ............................ 4 354 568 4 558 88 3 212 36 (B)

Alimony 217 ................................. 10 166 200 10 750 16 (B) 7 (B) Financial assistance 299 ...................... 6 039 245 5 358 35 (B) 28 (B)

Other income 433 ............................ 6 399 369 6 863 41 (B) 15 (B)

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 11 .......... 584 8 856 9 566 9 171 1 612 7 343 940 6 595 Public assistance or SSI 2 ................ 136 4 614 1 407 4 570 602 4 489 327 5 124 Social Security or Railroad retirement 5 ..... 848 7 209 4 930 7 294 759 6 688 413 7 029 Company or union pension2 ............. 2 562 12 115 2 229 12 475 253 9 508 73 (B)

Military retirement2 ..................... 546 16 429 466 16 732 65 (B) 12 (B)

Federal government retirement2.......... 517 18 943 469 19 421 36 (B) 21 (B)

State or local retirement2 ................ 953 16 670 852 17 214 88 11 696 24 (B)

Property income3 ...................... 33 499 3 258 30 392 3 371 1 918 1 590 1 292 1 785 Child support or alimony 849 ................ 6 038 732 6 471 101 3 335 43 (B)

Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 5 618 3 728 5 165 3 771 202 3 929 251 2 425

65 YEARS AND OVER

Total 31 ............................. 199 18 314 27 980 18 744 2 504 13 227 1 380 11 694

Earnings 4 ................................ 961 20 256 4 471 19 935 324 16 534 200 16 002

Wages and salary 4 ...................... 250 21 163 3 808 20 812 285 16 823 190 15 774

Nonfarm self~employment 766 ............... 11 534 715 11 463 40 (B) 14 (B)

Farm self~employment 164 .................. 10 562 156 10 709 4 (B) – (B)

Unemployment compensation 146 ............. 2 244 137 2 187 2 (B) 9 (B)

State or local only 136 ...................... 2 164 130 2 066 – (B) 9 (B)

Combinations 10 .......................... (B) 7 (B) 2 (B) – (B)

Workers’ compensation 116 ................... 5 938 107 6 264 2 (B) – (B)

State payments 44 ........................ (B) 40 (B) 2 (B) – (B)

Employment insurance 66 .................. (B) 62 (B) – (B) – (B)

Own insurance – ......................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other 6 ................................. (B) 6 (B) – (B) – (B)

Social Security 28 ........................... 721 8 329 26 007 8 432 2 164 7 152 1 122 6 747

SSI (Supplemental Security Income) 1 ........ 445 3 123 996 3 128 329 2 902 289 3 518

Public assistance, total 102 .................... 2 382 70 (B) 26 (B) 19 (B)

AFDC only 22 ............................ (B) 13 (B) 9 (B) 4 (B)

Other assistance only 80 ................... 2 242 57 (B) 17 (B) 15 (B)

Both – .................................. (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Veterans’ benefits 1 ........................ 141 5 882 1 033 5 830 98 6 658 39 (B)

Disability only 609 .......................... 4 304 562 4 115 42 (B) 19 (B)

Survivors only 196 ......................... 5 661 175 5 642 18 (B) 10 (B)

Pension only 238 .......................... 10 542 217 10 983 20 (B) 4 (B)

Education only – ......................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other only 67 ............................. (B) 60 (B) 7 (B) 2 (B)

Combinations 30 .......................... (B) 19 (B) 11 (B) 4 (B)

Means~tested 221 .......................... 4 918 187 5 310 33 (B) 13 (B)

Nonmeans~tested 920 ...................... 6 113 846 5 945 65 (B) 25 (B)

Survivors benefits 1 ........................ 544 7 514 1 432 7 625 94 6 448 45 (B)

Company or union 815 ...................... 5 128 750 5 225 59 (B) 22 (B)

Federal government 182 .................... 11 164 164 11 044 17 (B) 4 (B)

Military retirement 96 ...................... 4 660 91 4 898 – (B) 4 (B)

State or local government 124 ............... 6 291 123 6 304 – (B) 6 (B)

Railroad retirement 58 ..................... (B) 51 (B) 7 (B) – (B)

Workers’ compensation 9 ................. (B) 8 (B) 1 (B) 2 (B)

Black Lung 42 ............................ (B) 40 (B) 2 (B) 1 (B)

Estates or trusts 114 ....................... 20 552 109 20 938 3 (B) – (B)

Annuities 125 .............................. 7 039 117 7 267 4 (B) 5 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 62 .................... (B) 60 (B) 3 (B) – (B)

Disability benefits 254 ........................ 8 617 216 8 874 35 (B) 14 (B)

Workers’ compensation 15 ................. (B) 15 (B) – (B) 1 (B)

Company or union 86 ...................... 9 314 67 (B) 18 (B) 4 (B)

Federal government 25 .................... (B) 21 (B) 4 (B) – (B)

Military retirement 17 ...................... (B) 16 (B) – (B) – (B)

State or local government 37 ............... (B) 36 (B) – (B) 4 (B)

Railroad retirement 3 ..................... (B) 1 (B) – (B) – (B)

Accident insurance 15 ..................... (B) 15 (B) – (B) – (B)

Black Lung 22 ............................ (B) 22 (B) – (B) – (B)

Temporary insurance – ................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 48 .................... (B) 35 (B) 13 (B) 4 (B)

Pensions 10 ................................ 009 10 316 9 188 10 427 678 8 863 249 8 775

Company or union 6 ...................... 690 7 831 6 157 7 878 423 6 832 167 5 293

Federal government 946 .................... 19 646 852 20 131 82 14 851 30 (B)

Military retirement 292 ...................... 18 602 267 19 139 23 (B) 7 (B)

State or local government 1 ............... 748 11 216 1 584 11 327 146 10 135 38 (B)

Railroad retirement 166 ..................... 14 048 159 14 165 6 (B) 4 (B)

Annuities 180 .............................. 6 861 175 6 844 2 (B) 5 (B)

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) 189 ................. 9 137 186 9 187 2 (B) 4 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 214 .................... 8 957 210 8 954 2 (B) 10 (B)

Interest 19 ................................. 775 3 148 18 675 3 168 784 3 042 401 1 770

Dividends 5 ............................... 944 4 186 5 770 4 124 98 8 234 62 (B)

Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 2 ........... 963 4 226 2 776 4 249 116 4 205 80 4 134

Education 19 ............................... (B) 16 (B) 3 (B) – (B)

Pell grant only 5 ......................... (B) 2 (B) 3 (B) – (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

46nnnnnINCOME
Table 11. Source of Income in 1996mNumber with Income and Mean Income of Specified Type

in 1996 of Persons 15 Years Old and Over, by AgemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

65 YEARS AND OVERmCon.

Other government only 4 ................. (B) 4 (B) – (B) – (B)

Scholarships only 2 ...................... (B) 2 (B) – (B) – (B)

Other only 7 ............................. (B) 7 (B) – (B) – (B)

Combinations 1 .......................... (B) 1 (B) – (B) – (B)

Child support 12 ............................ (B) 2 (B) 10 (B) – (B)

Alimony 55 ................................. (B) 52 (B) 3 (B) – (B) Financial assistance 125 ...................... 4 031 117 3 908 6 (B) 15 (B)

Other income 276 ............................ 5 437 270 5 520 – (B) – (B)

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 29 .......... 822 10 141 26 853 10 290 2 334 8 852 1 288 7 937 Public assistance or SSI 1 ................ 512 3 144 1 043 3 137 347 2 940 299 3 616 Social Security or Railroad retirement 28 ..... 858 8 386 26 135 8 492 2 170 7 198 1 125 6 772 Company or union pension2 ............. 7 447 7 703 6 836 7 773 496 6 445 190 5 300 Military retirement2 ..................... 400 15 104 369 15 478 23 (B) 11 (B)

Federal government retirement2.......... 1 139 18 465 1 023 18 818 102 14 992 34 (B)

State or local retirement2 ................ 1 888 11 009 1 722 11 096 146 10 169 49 (B)

Property income3 ...................... 20 464 4 985 19 285 5 032 841 4 453 428 3 340 Child support or alimony 67 ................ (B) 54 (B) 13 (B) – (B)

Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 3 050 4 877 2 861 4 920 116 4 753 80 4 134

1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

2Includes payments reported as survivor, disability, or retirement benefits.

3Includes estates and trusts reported as survivor benefits.

INCOMEnnnnn47
Table 12. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1996

(Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Characteristic

Money incomem Before taxes After taxes

plus capital gains (losses)

Definition 1 less taxes Money incomem

Excluding

capital

gains

(current

official

measure)

Without

EIC With EIC

Definition 1

less

government

transfers

Definition 2

plus

capital

gains

(losses)

Definition 3

plus

health

insurance

 supplements

to wage or

salary

income

Definition 4

less

social

security

payroll

 taxes

Definition 5

less

federal

income

taxes

Definition 6

plus

earned

income

credit

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 5 6 7

ALL HOUSEHOLDS

Total .......................................... 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 100 342 100 342 100 342 94 014 94 018 94 018 94 018 94 020 94 020

With addition or deduction.......................... (X) (X) (X) 42 043 16 505 56 019 76 724 74 645 15 605

Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. (X) (X) (X) 9 185 10 826 3 843 3 330 8 363 1 382

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 54 346 14 14 111 13

Mean total income dollars ...................... .. (X) (X) (X) 24 354 94 225 67 704 54 466 50 282 21 749

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 249 1 466 464 375 273 227

Income Levels

Percent ...................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under $5,000..................................... 3.4 3.6 3.4 16.1 16.0 15.9 16.3 16.3 15.9

$5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 8.4 9.0 8.6 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.4 6.7 6.3

$10,000 to $14,999................................ 8.6 9.7 9.4 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.4 6.8 6.6

$15,000 to $19,999................................ 7.8 9.5 9.8 6.1 6.1 5.6 6.1 6.8 7.0

$20,000 to $24,999................................ 7.6 9.2 9.6 6.4 6.4 6.0 6.4 7.2 7.5

$25,000 to $29,999................................ 7.2 8.6 8.8 6.1 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.6 6.9

$30,000 to $34,999................................ 6.5 7.5 7.6 5.8 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.4 6.4

$35,000 to $39,999................................ 5.9 7.0 7.0 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.7 5.8

$40,000 to $44,999................................ 5.7 6.1 6.2 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.3

$45,000 to $49,999................................ 4.8 5.3 5.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 5.2 5.2

$50,000 to $59,999................................ 8.7 8.4 8.4 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.0

$60,000 to $74,999................................ 9.3 7.1 7.1 8.7 8.7 9.0 8.6 8.3 8.3

$75,000 to $99,999................................ 8.2 4.8 4.8 7.6 7.8 8.7 7.6 5.8 5.8

$100,000 and over ................................ 8.2 4.0 4.0 7.9 8.2 9.1 7.9 5.1 5.1

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 35 492 30 168 30 321 32 093 32 296 34 375 32 155 29 672 29 813

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 179 146 145 177 184 229 205 184 178

Mean dollars .................................... .. 47 123 38 574 38 788 43 300 45 069 47 200 44 671 38 491 38 705

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 264 197 197 269 306 312 303 223 223

Gini ratio ......................................... .447 .425 .420 .505 .515 .511 .516 .492 .488

Standard error .................................. .0039 .0039 .0040 .0038 .0039 .0039 .0039 .0039 .0039

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 14 803 13 783 14 330 8 023 8 091 8 294 7 879 7 792 8 263

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 17 321 719 513 5 031 593 2 981

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 9 800 140 1 477 329 369 645

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 70 116 69 5 99 18

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 27 757 24 397 24 652 24 050 24 167 25 441 23 872 22 318 22 814

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 10 042 1 647 6 759 15 661 14 051 6 785

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 9 653 931 2 026 1 240 1 085 1 854

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 114 91 21 7 10 20

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 44 085 36 828 36 951 41 519 41 751 44 363 41 550 37 765 37 850

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 6 174 2 470 14 109 18 003 19 653 4 172

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 8 499 1 482 2 843 2 401 2 656 1 147

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 152 88 17 10 14 23

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 68 056 54 714 54 783 66 102 66 999 70 755 66 412 58 737 58 795

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 4 754 3 586 16 948 18 806 20 180 1 132

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 7 864 2 733 3 826 3 758 5 539 1 345

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 188 103 19 15 24 50

Fifth quintile:

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of deduction ......................... (X) (X) (X) 3 751 8 083 17 689 19 222 20 168 535

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 7 892 20 240 5 420 6 270 22 057 1 417

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 205 669 27 32 372 67

48nnnnnVALUATION OF NONCASH BENEFITS
Table 12. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1996mCon.

(Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Characteristic

After taxesmcon.

Definition 13 plus other

means~tested governmentm

Definition 7 less

state income

taxes

Definition 8 plus nonmeans~ tested government cash transfers

Definition 9 plus medicare

Definition 10 plus

regular~price

school

 lunches

Definition 11 plus means~tested government cash transfers

Definition 12 plus medicaid

Noncash

transfers

Noncash

transfers less medical programs

Definition 14 plus

net imputed

return on equity in own

home

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14a 15

ALL HOUSEHOLDS

Total .......................................... 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018 101 018

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 94 023 98 727 98 894 98 920 100 355 100 357 100 556 100 556 100 793

With addition or deduction.......................... 65 856 37 411 23 313 12 555 8 267 10 645 15 921 30 229 66 350

Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. 2 467 9 278 5 418 87 4 725 2 808 1 876 5 168 3 155

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 27 58 29 1 67 40 23 28 29

Mean total income dollars ...................... .. 46 041 32 114 36 197 57 948 19 670 32 911 22 619 15 676 52 691

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 265 226 304 632 356 501 216 356 269

Income Levels

Percent ...................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under $5,000..................................... 15.9 5.6 5.5 5.5 3.3 3.3 2.4 2.4 1.9

$5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 6.4 7.4 6.2 6.2 7.1 6.8 6.2 7.5 5.3

$10,000 to $14,999................................ 6.8 8.4 7.0 7.0 7.4 7.1 7.6 9.7 7.4

$15,000 to $19,999................................ 7.3 8.6 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.2 8.7 9.2 8.1

$20,000 to $24,999................................ 7.8 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.9 8.8 9.0 8.9 8.7

$25,000 to $29,999................................ 7.1 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.9 8.7 8.7

$30,000 to $34,999................................ 6.5 7.3 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 7.4 7.9

$35,000 to $39,999................................ 6.0 6.7 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.4 6.9 7.5

$40,000 to $44,999................................ 5.4 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.7

$45,000 to $49,999................................ 5.2 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 5.6 6.1

$50,000 to $59,999................................ 8.0 8.7 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.4 8.8 9.8

$60,000 to $74,999................................ 7.8 8.5 8.8 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.0 8.5 9.7

$75,000 to $99,999................................ 5.3 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.9

$100,000 and over ................................ 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 5.5

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 28 982 32 016 33 769 33 781 33 983 34 376 34 519 32 344 36 360

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 169 152 158 159 155 155 151 149 155

Mean dollars .................................... .. 37 096 40 532 41 783 41 793 42 180 42 476 42 772 41 225 44 844

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 208 204 204 204 203 203 202 202 206

Gini ratio ......................................... .483 .429 .416 .416 .408 .405 .398 .413 .392 Standard error .................................. .0039 .0039 .0038 .0038 .0039 .0038 .0039 .0039 .0038

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 8 189 14 195 15 886 15 891 16 378 16 785 17 322 15 249 18 418 Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 With type of addition or deduction ............... 2 599 10 476 4 684 340 4 873 3 012 7 086 8 327 7 635 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 98 6 970 2 019 85 4 307 1 242 2 329 2 810 1 738 Standard error dollars .................... .. 7 48 28 4 65 30 36 28 72

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 22 273 25 849 27 576 27 590 27 846 28 238 28 454 26 347 29 992 Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 With type of addition or deduction ............... 13 510 9 147 6 353 1 261 1 576 3 004 4 607 8 968 10 750 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 429 9 983 4 950 76 4 946 2 655 1 693 5 429 2 342 Standard error dollars .................... .. 5 90 27 1 165 46 42 44 42

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 36 653 39 269 40 706 40 720 40 872 41 175 41 288 39 556 43 358 Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 With type of addition or deduction ............... 16 055 7 119 5 241 2 663 898 2 026 2 649 5 875 13 826 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 1 076 9 976 6 711 87 5 187 3 746 1 329 6 485 2 502 Standard error dollars .................... .. 8 125 52 1 250 93 44 66 43

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 56 369 58 364 59 361 59 393 59 509 59 739 59 787 58 504 62 395 Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 With type of addition or deduction ............... 16 786 5 715 3 773 3 967 578 1 469 1 230 3 842 16 091 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 2 122 9 982 7 276 88 6 203 4 028 1 280 6 658 3 007 Standard error dollars .................... .. 12 174 70 1 408 130 65 92 49

Fifth quintile:

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of deduction ......................... 16 906 4 954 3 262 4 324 343 1 135 349 3 217 18 048

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 6 125 11 040 6 986 89 5 946 4 114 1 331 6 354 4 870

Standard error dollars .................... .. 92 268 79 1 506 194 138 95 79

VALUATION OF NONCASH BENEFITSnnnnn49
Table 12. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1996mCon.

(Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Characteristic

Money incomem Before taxes After taxes

plus capital gains (losses)

Definition 1 less taxes Money incomem

Excluding

capital

gains

(current

official

measure)

Without

EIC With EIC

Definition 1

less

government

transfers

Definition 2

plus

capital

gains

(losses)

Definition 3

plus

health

insurance

 supplements

to wage or

salary

income

Definition 4

less

social

security

payroll

 taxes

Definition 5

less

federal

income

taxes

Definition 6

plus

earned

income

credit

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 5 6 7

HOUSEHOLDS WITH FEMALE

HOUSEHOLDER, NO HUSBAND

PRESENT, WITH RELATED

CHILDREN UNDER 18

Total .......................................... 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 8 838 8 838 8 838 7 879 7 879 7 879 7 879 7 879 7 879

With addition or deduction.......................... (X) (X) (X) 4 430 663 3 788 7 035 4 553 5 088

Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. (X) (X) (X) 6 054 6 726 3 280 1 686 3 153 1 789

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 129 1 511 40 27 185 21

Mean total income dollars ...................... .. (X) (X) (X) 13 776 59 658 39 165 26 260 34 472 20 961

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 480 4 333 836 567 612 387

Income Levels

Percent ...................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under $5,000..................................... 10.5 11.1 9.7 26.7 26.7 26.4 27.1 27.1 25.1

$5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 18.2 19.2 16.6 11.0 10.8 10.2 11.3 11.4 9.3

$10,000 to $14,999................................ 13.6 15.1 13.8 10.5 10.6 9.9 10.1 10.5 10.3

$15,000 to $19,999................................ 11.8 13.4 15.0 10.0 10.2 9.1 9.5 10.0 11.0

$20,000 to $24,999................................ 9.5 10.8 12.1 8.8 8.5 8.5 8.7 9.5 10.5

$25,000 to $29,999................................ 8.1 8.1 9.0 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.7 9.3

$30,000 to $34,999................................ 6.8 5.8 6.6 5.8 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.8

$35,000 to $39,999................................ 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.0 4.1 5.0 4.0 4.2 4.5

$40,000 to $44,999................................ 4.1 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.6

$45,000 to $49,999................................ 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.6 3.4 2.6 2.8 2.7

$50,000 to $59,999................................ 4.0 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.0 3.2

$60,000 to $74,999................................ 3.5 2.0 2.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.6

$75,000 to $99,999................................ 1.8 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.3 1.8 1.2 1.2

$100,000 and over ................................ 1.3 .6 .6 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.1 .8 .8

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 18 261 16 614 18 331 15 923 15 908 16 906 15 730 15 455 17 425

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 341 276 259 396 386 419 398 374 358

Mean dollars .................................... .. 24 504 21 607 22 623 21 510 22 008 23 395 22 071 20 468 21 484

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 402 347 345 409 478 496 477 392 392

Gini ratio ......................................... .455 .437 .418 .524 .533 .532 .536 .518 .496

Standard error .................................. .0131 .0134 .0132 .0126 .0133 .0131 .0135 .0127 .0127

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 14 803 13 783 14 330 8 023 8 091 8 294 7 879 7 792 8 263

Percent of households ........................... 41.9 41.8 38.1 34.3 34.3 33.7 33.8 33.7 31.2

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 2 453 30 80 1 461 29 868

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 6 519 (B) 2 172 286 (B) 1 146

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 161 (B) 180 8 (B) 33

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 27 757 24 397 24 652 24 050 24 167 25 441 23 872 22 318 22 814

Percent of households ........................... 26.8 26.7 28.0 31.5 31.4 31.1 31.1 30.1 30.6

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 1 143 107 1 188 2 645 1 401 2 430

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 5 203 3 2 454 1 118 685 2 156

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 280 369 48 14 21 27

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 44 085 36 828 36 951 41 519 41 751 44 363 41 550 37 765 37 850

Percent of households ........................... 17.6 16.7 18.7 19.8 19.7 20.3 20.0 20.5 22.2

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 494 168 1 417 1 684 1 736 1 322

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 5 617 1 950 3 182 2 131 1 706 1 568

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 372 347 49 24 34 45

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 68 056 54 714 54 783 66 102 66 999 70 755 66 412 58 737 58 795

Percent of households ........................... 9.3 9.7 9.9 10.0 10.1 10.6 10.6 10.9 11.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 222 203 766 867 965 349

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 6 265 2 749 3 894 3 289 4 132 1 684

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 720 340 71 64 90 88

Fifth quintile:

Percent of households ........................... 4.5 5.1 5.3 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.0

With type of deduction ......................... (X) (X) (X) 119 154 337 378 423 120

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 6 045 23 324 5 467 5 415 15 237 1 758

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 681 6 039 210 167 1 715 156

50nnnnnVALUATION OF NONCASH BENEFITS
Table 12. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1996mCon.

(Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Characteristic

After taxesmcon.

Definition 13 plus other

means~tested governmentm

Definition 7 less

state income

taxes

Definition 8 plus nonmeans~ tested government cash transfers

Definition 9 plus medicare

Definition 10 plus

regular~price

school

 lunches

Definition 11 plus means~tested government cash transfers

Definition 12 plus medicaid

Noncash

transfers

Noncash

transfers less medical programs

Definition 14 plus

net imputed

return on equity in own

home

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14a 15

HOUSEHOLDS WITH FEMALE

HOUSEHOLDER, NO HUSBAND

PRESENT, WITH RELATED

CHILDREN UNDER 18

Total .......................................... 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957 8 957

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 7 879 8 154 8 173 8 188 8 844 8 846 8 920 8 920 8 928

With addition or deduction.......................... 4 153 2 391 535 1 913 2 865 2 408 5 287 2 622 3 122

Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. 1 010 5 673 4 177 82 4 626 2 658 2 695 3 294 2 090

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 54 199 167 1 96 73 50 84 109

Mean total income dollars ...................... .. 32 087 25 021 35 860 38 327 13 891 24 943 19 825 12 995 37 720

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 614 664 1 685 1 082 359 598 266 859 802

Income Levels

Percent ...................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under $5,000..................................... 25.1 20.3 20.2 20.2 9.5 9.4 3.1 3.2 2.9

$5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 9.3 10.7 10.6 10.6 16.0 14.7 11.5 11.6 10.9

$10,000 to $14,999................................ 10.3 10.5 10.4 10.4 12.4 11.4 15.0 17.3 15.1

$15,000 to $19,999................................ 11.6 11.5 11.3 11.4 12.9 12.7 15.0 16.1 14.3

$20,000 to $24,999................................ 10.8 10.9 10.8 10.8 11.4 12.0 13.5 12.7 13.6

$25,000 to $29,999................................ 8.8 9.6 9.6 9.6 10.1 10.1 11.1 10.8 10.9

$30,000 to $34,999................................ 6.0 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.7 7.9 7.2 8.0

$35,000 to $39,999................................ 4.8 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.2 5.8 6.3

$40,000 to $44,999................................ 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.2

$45,000 to $49,999................................ 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.0 3.6

$50,000 to $59,999................................ 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.7 4.2

$60,000 to $74,999................................ 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.7 3.3

$75,000 to $99,999................................ 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.7

$100,000 and over ................................ .7 .8 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 1.0

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 17 323 18 772 18 979 18 992 19 726 20 714 21 883 20 653 22 356

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 346 322 322 321 302 327 277 292 283 Mean dollars .................................... .. 21 016 22 531 22 780 22 797 24 277 24 992 26 583 25 619 27 311 Standard error dollars .......................... .. 371 375 378 378 366 368 356 351 365 Gini ratio ......................................... .490 .468 .469 .469 .422 .416 .370 .372 .371 Standard error .................................. .0124 .0125 .0125 .0125 .0128 .0127 .0128 .0130 .0128

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 8 189 14 195 15 886 15 891 16 378 16 785 17 322 15 249 18 418 Percent of households ........................... 31.1 39.7 43.3 43.3 41.6 40.0 36.4 32.8 38.9 With type of addition or deduction ............... 110 842 108 220 2 072 905 2 672 647 584 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 71 4 060 1 840 78 4 533 1 481 3 322 1 530 1 111 Standard error dollars .................... .. 11 151 239 4 98 53 72 67 169

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 22 273 25 849 27 576 27 590 27 846 28 238 28 454 26 347 29 992 Percent of households ........................... 30.1 26.3 25.7 25.6 26.7 27.5 29.7 31.6 28.8 With type of addition or deduction ............... 1 376 660 120 513 459 808 1 609 1 140 824 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 274 5 435 3 622 72 4 851 2 753 2 299 3 118 1 568 Standard error dollars .................... .. 9 297 222 2 284 91 88 94 130

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 36 653 39 269 40 706 40 720 40 872 41 175 41 288 39 556 43 358 Percent of households ........................... 22.5 18.7 16.9 17.0 17.3 17.5 18.6 19.7 17.3 With type of addition or deduction ............... 1 533 468 134 541 220 389 702 480 803 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 656 5 886 5 094 87 4 752 3 990 1 748 5 088 1 826 Standard error dollars .................... .. 17 399 215 3 497 198 111 246 161

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 56 369 58 364 59 361 59 393 59 509 59 739 59 787 58 504 62 395 Percent of households ........................... 11.1 10.0 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.5 9.7 10.4 9.8

With type of addition or deduction ............... 777 243 87 378 79 196 246 230 561

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 1 498 8 407 5 286 81 5 566 4 262 1 451 4 452 2 949

Standard error dollars .................... .. 48 929 374 3 761 374 160 382 274

Fifth quintile:

Percent of households ........................... 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.2

With type of deduction ......................... 358 179 85 261 35 111 58 125 350

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 4 579 9 882 5 349 91 (B) 4 073 (B) 5 007 4 187

Standard error dollars .................... .. 520 1 485 593 4 (B) 693 (B) 479 628

VALUATION OF NONCASH BENEFITSnnnnn51
Table 12. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1996mCon.

(Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Characteristic

Money incomem Before taxes After taxes

plus capital gains (losses)

Definition 1 less taxes Money incomem

Excluding

capital

gains

(current

official

measure)

Without

EIC With EIC

Definition 1

less

government

transfers

Definition 2

plus

capital

gains

(losses)

Definition 3

plus

health

insurance

 supplements

to wage or

salary

income

Definition 4

less

social

security

payroll

 taxes

Definition 5

less

federal

income

taxes

Definition 6

plus

earned

income

credit

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 5 6 7

HOUSEHOLDS WITH MEMBERS 65

YEARS OLD AND OVER

Total .......................................... 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 23 655 23 655 23 655 19 945 19 945 19 945 19 945 19 947 19 947

With addition or deduction.......................... (X) (X) (X) 22 345 3 708 4 266 7 781 10 420 1 120

Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. (X) (X) (X) 11 944 7 153 3 011 2 259 6 514 902

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 71 498 47 40 232 44

Mean total income dollars ...................... .. (X) (X) (X) 19 017 59 879 59 915 43 484 38 816 20 033

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 314 2 099 1 600 1 033 602 936

Income Levels

Percent ...................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under $5,000..................................... 3.0 3.0 3.0 40.6 40.5 40.4 40.7 40.7 40.6

$5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 16.3 16.5 16.4 12.4 12.3 12.1 12.3 12.8 12.8

$10,000 to $14,999................................ 15.9 16.1 16.1 9.0 9.0 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.2

$15,000 to $19,999................................ 12.8 13.3 13.3 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.6 7.4 7.3

$20,000 to $24,999................................ 9.5 10.1 10.2 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.4 6.0 6.0

$25,000 to $29,999................................ 7.9 8.6 8.6 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1

$30,000 to $34,999................................ 5.9 6.3 6.3 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.5 3.5

$35,000 to $39,999................................ 4.7 5.2 5.2 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.7

$40,000 to $44,999................................ 3.7 4.0 4.0 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1

$45,000 to $49,999................................ 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9

$50,000 to $59,999................................ 4.6 4.3 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8

$60,000 to $74,999................................ 4.3 4.0 4.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.5

$75,000 to $99,999................................ 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.3

$100,000 and over ................................ 4.3 2.7 2.7 3.4 3.7 3.9 3.6 2.3 2.3

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 20 985 20 467 20 540 8 619 8 700 8 806 8 635 8 535 8 586

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 236 223 225 223 224 231 219 202 205

Mean dollars .................................... .. 32 056 28 865 28 907 20 840 21 955 22 494 21 755 18 903 18 946

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 374 300 300 366 419 426 415 316 316 Gini ratio ......................................... .473 .441 .441 .658 .667 .667 .667 .641 .640 Standard error .................................. .0086 .0084 .0083 .0086 .0088 .0088 .0089 .0086 .0086

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 14 803 13 783 14 330 8 023 8 091 8 294 7 879 7 792 8 263 Percent of households ........................... 34.6 31.9 33.5 48.7 48.8 49.0 48.3 48.2 49.3 With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 11 294 504 108 1 113 109 346 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 10 998 384 1 210 285 101 378 Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 82 135 104 11 25 39

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 27 757 24 397 24 652 24 050 24 167 25 441 23 872 22 318 22 814 Percent of households ........................... 27.4 26.0 24.8 24.6 24.1 24.6 24.4 24.8 24.2 With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 5 501 857 904 2 252 3 931 424 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 12 813 1 297 1 809 966 920 1 137 Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 145 110 57 20 17 81

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 44 085 36 828 36 951 41 519 41 751 44 363 41 550 37 765 37 850 Percent of households ........................... 17.0 18.1 17.8 11.6 11.7 11.5 12.2 12.2 11.7 With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 2 500 727 1 157 1 738 2 862 220 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 12 892 2 388 2 365 2 008 3 096 1 104 Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 233 172 55 39 40 94

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 68 056 54 714 54 783 66 102 66 999 70 755 66 412 58 737 58 795 Percent of households ........................... 11.0 12.6 12.6 7.8 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.5 With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 1 622 557 984 1 266 1 769 84 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 13 466 4 648 3 202 3 074 6 802 1 173

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 371 286 76 66 104 194

Fifth quintile:

Percent of households ........................... 9.9 11.4 11.4 7.3 7.8 7.5 7.8 7.4 7.3

With type of deduction ......................... (X) (X) (X) 1 427 1 063 1 113 1 414 1 749 46

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 12 698 19 657 4 664 5 452 24 783 (B)

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 348 1 579 116 122 1 159 (B)

52nnnnnVALUATION OF NONCASH BENEFITS
Table 12. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1996mCon.

(Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Characteristic

After taxesmcon.

Definition 13 plus other

means~tested governmentm

Definition 7 less

state income

taxes

Definition 8 plus nonmeans~ tested government cash transfers

Definition 9 plus medicare

Definition 10 plus

regular~price

school

 lunches

Definition 11 plus means~tested government cash transfers

Definition 12 plus medicaid

Noncash

transfers

Noncash

transfers less medical programs

Definition 14 plus

net imputed

return on equity in own

home

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14a 15

HOUSEHOLDS WITH MEMBERS 65

YEARS OLD AND OVER

Total .......................................... 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796 23 796

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 19 947 23 429 23 535 23 538 23 657 23 657 23 673 23 673 23 771 With addition or deduction.......................... 10 663 21 953 20 669 465 1 953 2 723 2 565 20 728 18 865 Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. 1 595 11 785 5 481 81 4 188 2 102 1 548 5 742 4 390 Standard error dollars ........................ .. 47 71 30 3 144 63 35 32 58 Mean total income dollars ...................... .. 31 294 28 664 36 474 68 706 22 850 34 235 19 651 15 625 41 861 Standard error dollars ........................ .. 534 283 328 4 364 815 946 535 425 374

Income Levels

Percent ...................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $5,000..................................... 40.7 5.0 4.7 4.7 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 1.6 $5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 12.9 15.6 11.2 11.2 11.8 11.6 10.6 15.0 8.0 $10,000 to $14,999................................ 9.3 15.5 9.6 9.6 9.9 10.0 10.4 17.3 10.3 $15,000 to $19,999................................ 7.4 12.9 11.5 11.5 11.8 11.5 12.0 13.4 10.2 $20,000 to $24,999................................ 6.2 9.6 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.5 9.7 10.6 $25,000 to $29,999................................ 4.1 8.4 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.1 8.6 8.9 $30,000 to $34,999................................ 3.7 6.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.3 8.2 6.4 8.1 $35,000 to $39,999................................ 2.4 5.1 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.0 6.9 5.1 7.8 $40,000 to $44,999................................ 2.1 4.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 4.1 6.1 $45,000 to $49,999................................ 2.0 3.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 3.1 5.2 $50,000 to $59,999................................ 2.6 4.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 4.5 7.3 $60,000 to $74,999................................ 2.4 4.1 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.7 4.1 6.5 $75,000 to $99,999................................ 2.1 3.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.1 5.0 $100,000 and over ................................ 1.9 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.9 4.4

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 8 504 20 457 26 477 26 479 26 715 26 967 27 039 20 767 30 258 Standard error dollars .......................... .. 201 238 264 263 266 266 263 233 275 Mean dollars .................................... .. 18 231 29 103 33 864 33 865 34 209 34 450 34 617 29 616 38 097 Standard error dollars .......................... .. 298 307 319 319 318 318 318 306 331

Gini ratio ......................................... .635 .453 .425 .425 .418 .417 .413 .440 .400

Standard error .................................. .0085 .0083 .0079 .0079 .0079 .0079 .0079 .0083 .0078

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 8 189 14 195 15 886 15 891 16 378 16 785 17 322 15 249 18 418

Percent of households ........................... 49.3 33.8 27.2 27.2 27.6 28.1 28.9 35.8 26.5

With type of addition or deduction ............... 1 518 7 278 4 020 18 1 070 880 1 558 6 093 3 663

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 79 7 855 2 037 (B) 3 549 634 1 697 3 065 2 346

Standard error dollars .................... .. 3 49 29 (B) 133 29 41 31 93

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 22 273 25 849 27 576 27 590 27 846 28 238 28 454 26 347 29 992

Percent of households ........................... 24.2 26.6 24.8 24.8 24.6 24.4 23.7 24.8 23.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... 4 070 6 035 5 727 36 350 634 535 5 747 4 287

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 367 12 310 4 957 (B) 4 320 1 988 1 351 6 357 3 398

Standard error dollars .................... .. 8 87 28 (B) 313 60 86 47 66

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 36 653 39 269 40 706 40 720 40 872 41 175 41 288 39 556 43 358

Percent of households ........................... 11.6 17.3 20.2 20.1 19.9 19.6 19.5 17.1 20.2

With type of addition or deduction ............... 2 199 3 867 4 660 69 226 471 250 3 945 4 242

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 1 168 13 651 6 772 (B) 4 833 2 800 1 131 7 167 3 988

Standard error dollars .................... .. 24 142 56 (B) 482 111 89 71 77

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 56 369 58 364 59 361 59 393 59 509 59 739 59 787 58 504 62 395

Percent of households ........................... 7.5 11.7 14.7 14.8 14.8 14.7 14.6 11.6 15.7

With type of addition or deduction ............... 1 470 2 566 3 348 115 174 378 160 2 603 3 419

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 2 336 15 033 7 381 79 5 806 3 332 1 450 7 377 5 184

Standard error dollars .................... .. 49 245 75 5 774 187 170 98 130

Fifth quintile: Percent of households ........................... 7.3 10.6 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.2 13.2 10.6 14.6 With type of deduction ......................... 1 407 2 207 2 915 226 133 361 62 2 339 3 255 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 6 676 16 266 7 012 85 5 770 3 689 (B) 6 977 7 684 Standard error dollars .................... .. 264 421 82 4 872 299 (B) 96 230

VALUATION OF NONCASH BENEFITSnnnnn53
Appendix A.

Definitions and Explanations

FAMILY

The term ‘‘family’’ refers to a group of two or more

persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption who

reside together; all such persons are considered as

members of one family. For example, if the son of the

person who maintains the household and the son’s wife

are members of the household, they are treated as

members of the parent’s family. Every family must

include a reference person (see definition of householder for primary families). Two or more persons living

in the same household who are related to one another,

but are not related to the householder, form an ‘‘unrelated subfamily.’’ Beginning with the 1980 Current Population Survey (CPS), unrelated subfamilies were excluded

from the count of families and unrelated subfamily

members were excluded from the count of family members.

FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS

Family households are households maintained by a

family (as defined above). Members of family households include any unrelated persons (unrelated subfamily members and/or secondary individuals) who may be

residing there. The number of family households will not

equal the number of families since families living in

group quarters are included in the count of families. In

addition, the count of family household members differs

from the count of family members in that the family

household members include all persons living in the

household; whereas, family members include only householders and their relatives. (See the definition of family.)

GINI RATIO

The Gini ratio (or index of income concentration) is a

statistical measure of income equality ranging from 0 to

1. A measure of 1 indicates perfect inequality; i.e., one

person has all the income and the rest have none. A

measure of 0 indicates perfect equality; i.e., all persons

having equal shares of income. All Gini ratios appearing

in this report were computed using grouped data. For a

more detailed discussion, see Current Population Reports,

Series P-60, No. 123.

HOUSEHOLDER

A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in

whose name the home is owned or rented. If the house

is owned jointly by a married couple, either the husband

or the wife may be listed first, thereby becoming the

reference person, or householder, to whom the relationship of the other household members is recorded. One

person in each household is designated as the ‘‘householder.’’ The number of householders, therefore, is equal

to the number of households.

HOUSEHOLDS

Households consist of all persons who occupy a

housing unit. A house, an apartment or other group of

rooms, or a single room is regarded as a housing unit

when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as

separate living quarters: the occupants do not live and

eat with any other persons in the structure and there is

direct access from the outside or through a common

hall.

A household includes the related family members and

all the unrelated persons, if any, such as lodgers, foster

children, wards, or employees who share the housing

unit. A person living alone in a housing unit or a group of

unrelated persons sharing a housing unit as partners is

also counted as a household. The count of households

excludes group quarters.

INCOME

Official Definition of Income

For each person in the CPS sample 15 years old and

over, questions were asked on the amount of money

income received in the preceding calendar year from

each of the following sources:

1. Earnings

2. Unemployment compensation

3. Workers’ compensation

4. Social security

5. Supplemental security income

6. Public assistance

7. Veterans’ payments

8. Survivor benefits

9. Disability benefits

10. Pension or retirement income

A–1
11. Interest

12. Dividends

13. Rents, royalties, and estates and trusts

14. Educational assistance

15. Alimony

16. Child support

17. Financial assistance from outside of the household

18. Other income

Alternative measures of income (definitions 1 through

15 shown in table 12) are shown on page A–4.

It should be noted that although the income statistics

refer to receipts during the preceding calendar year, the

demographic characteristics, such as age, labor force

status, and family or household composition are as of

the survey date. The income of the family/household

does not include amounts received by persons who

were members during all or part of the income year if

these persons no longer resided in the family/household

at the time of interview. However, income data are

collected for persons who are current residents but did

not reside in the household during the income year.

Data on consumer income collected in the CPS by

the U.S. Census Bureau cover money income received

(exclusive of certain money receipts such as capital

gains) before payments for personal income taxes,

social security, union dues, medicare deductions, etc.

Therefore, money income does not reflect the fact that

some families receive part of their income in the form of

noncash benefits, such as food stamps, health benefits,

rent-free housing, and goods produced and consumed

on the farm. In addition, money income does not reflect

the fact that noncash benefits are also received by some

nonfarm residents which often take the form of the use

of business transportation and facilities, full or partial

payments by business for retirement programs, medical

and educational expenses, etc. These elements should

be considered when comparing income levels. Moreover, readers should be aware that for many different

reasons there is a tendency in household surveys for

respondents to under report their income. From an

analysis of independently derived income estimates, it

has been determined that income earned from wages or

salaries is much better reported than other sources of

income and is nearly equal to independent estimates of

aggregate income.

The various sources for which income is reported are

defined as follows:

Earnings from longest job (or self-employment) and

other employment earnings can be classified into three

types:

1. Money wage or salary income is the total received

for work performed as an employee during the

income year. This category includes wages, salary,

armed forces pay, commissions, tips, piece-rate

payments, and cash bonuses earned, before deductions were made for items such as taxes, bonds,

pensions, and union dues.

2. Net income from nonfarm self-employment is the

net money income (gross receipts minus expenses)

from one’s own business, professional enterprise,

or partnership. Gross receipts include the value of

all goods sold and services rendered. Expenses

include items such as costs of goods purchased,

rent, heat, power, depreciation charges, wages and

salaries paid, and business taxes (not personal

income taxes). In general, inventory changes are

considered in determining net income from nonfarm

self employment; replies based on income tax returns

or other official records do reflect inventory changes.

However, when values of inventory changes are not

reported, net income figures exclusive of inventory

changes are accepted. The value of saleable merchandise consumed by the proprietors of retail

stores is not included as part of net income.

3. Net income from farm self-employment is the net

money income (gross receipts minus operating

expenses) from the operation of a farm by a person

on their own account, as an owner, renter, or

sharecropper. Gross receipts include the value of all

products sold, payments from government farm

programs, money received from the rental of farm

equipment to others, rent received from farm property if payment is made based on a percent of crops

produced, and incidental receipts from the sale of

items such as wood, sand, and gravel. Operating

expenses include items such as cost of feed, fertilizer, seed, and other farming supplies; cash wages

paid to farmhands; depreciation charges; cash rent;

interest on farm mortgages; farm building repairs;

and farm taxes (not state and federal personal

income taxes). The value of fuel, food, or other farm

products used for family living is not included as part

of net income. In determining farm self-employment

income, inventory changes are usually considered

in determining net income only when they are

accounted for in replies based on income tax returns

or other official records which reflect inventory changes;

otherwise, inventory changes are not taken into

account.

Unemployment compensationincludes payments received

from government unemployment agencies or private

companies during periods of unemployment and any

strike benefits received from union funds.

A–2
Workers’ compensation includes payments received

periodically from public or private insurance companies

for injuries received at work.

Social Security includes social security pensions and

survivors’ benefits and permanent disability insurance

payments made by the Social Security Administration

prior to deductions for medical insurance. Medicare

reimbursements for health services are not included.

Supplemental Security Income includes payments

made by federal, state, and local welfare agencies to low

income persons who are 65 years old or over or persons

of any age who are blind or disabled.

Public assistance or welfare payments include cash

public assistance payments made to low-income persons, such as Aid to Families With Dependent Children

(AFDC, ADC) and general assistance.

Veterans’ payments include payments made periodically by the Department of Veterans Affairs to disabled

members of the armed forces or to survivors of deceased

veterans for education and on-the-job training, and

means-tested assistance to veterans.

Survivor benefits include payments from survivors’ or

widows’ pensions, estates, trusts, annuities, or any other

types of survivor benefits. Payments can be reported

from ten different sources: private companies or unions;

federal government (Civil Service); military; state or

local governments; railroad retirement; workers’ compensation; Black lung payments; estates and trusts;

annuities or paid-up insurance policies; and other survivor payments.

Disability benefits include payments received as a

result of a health problem or disability other than those

from social security. Payments can be reported from ten

sources: workers’ compensation; companies or unions;

federal government (Civil Service); military; state or local

governments; railroad retirement; accident or disability

insurance; Black lung payments; state temporary sickness; or other disability payments.

Pension or retirement income includes payments

reported from eight sources: companies or unions;

federal government (Civil Service); military; state or local

governments; railroad retirement; annuities or paid-up

insurance policies; individual retirement accounts (IRAs),

Keogh, or 401(k) payments; or other retirement income.

Interest income includes payments received (or credited to accounts) from bonds, treasury notes, IRAs,

certificates of deposit, interest-bearing savings and checking accounts, and all other investments that pay interest.

Dividends include income received from stock holdings

and mutual fund shares. Capital gains from the sale of

stock holdings are not included as income.

Rents, royalties, and estates and trusts include the

net income from the rental of a house, store, or other

property, receipts from boarders or lodgers, net royalty

income, and periodic payments from estate or trust

funds.

Educational assistance includes Pell Grants; other

government educational assistance; any scholarships or

grants; or financial assistance from employers, friends,

or relatives not residing in the student’s household.

Child support includes all periodic payments made by

absent parents for the support of children, even if these

payments are made through a state or local government

office.

Alimony includes all periodic payments to ex-spouses.

One-time property settlements are not included.

Financial assistance from outside of the household

includes periodic payments from nonhousehold members. Gifts or sporadic assistance is not included.

Other income includes all other regularly received

payments that are not included elsewhere on the questionnaire. Some examples are: state programs such as

foster child payments, military family allotments, and

income received from foreign government pensions.

Government transfers include payments from the following sources: 1) unemployment compensation, 2)

state workers’ compensation, 3) social security, 4) Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 5) public assistance, 6)

veterans’ benefits, 7) government survivor benefits, 8)

government disability benefits, 9) government pensions,

and 10) government educational assistance.

Receipts not counted as income include: (1) capital

gains received (or losses incurred ) from the sale of

property, including stocks, bonds, a house, or a car

(unless the person was engaged in the business of

selling such property, in which case the net proceeds

would be counted as income from self-employment); (2)

withdrawals of bank deposits; (3) money borrowed; (4)

tax refunds; (5) gifts; and (6) lump-sum inheritances or

insurance payments.

All sources of income may be combined into two

major types:

1. Total money earnings is the algebraic sum of money

wages and salary and net income from farm and

nonfarm self-employment.

A–3
2. Income other than earnings is the algebraic sum of

all sources of money income except wages and

salaries and income from self-employment.

Alternative Measures of Income

The following 15 definitions of income are shown in

table 12.

1. Money income excluding capital gains before taxes.

This is the official definition used in U.S. Census

Bureau reports.

a. Money income after taxes (without EIC). This

is definition 1 minus federal and state income

taxes exclusive of the earned income credit

(EIC), minus payroll taxes, plus capital gains,

and minus capital losses.

b. Money income after taxes (including EIC).

This is definition 1a plus the EIC.

2. Definition 1 less government cash transfers. Government cash transfers include nonmeans-tested

transfers such as social security payments, unemployment compensation, and government educational assistance (e.g., Pell Grants), as well as

means-tested transfers such as Aid to Families

with Dependent Children (AFDC, ADC) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). (For a complete

listing of transfer income, see definitions 9 and 12.)

3. Definition 2 plus capital gains. Realized capital

gains and losses are simulated as part of the U.S.

Census Bureau’s federal individual income tax

estimation procedure.

4. Definition 3 plus imputed health insurance supplements to wage or salary income. Employer-paid

health insurance coverage is treated as part of

total worker compensation.

5. Definition 4 less payroll taxes. Payroll taxes are

payments for social security old age, survivors,

and disability insurance, and for hospital insurance

(medicare).

6. Definition 5 less federal income taxes. The effect of

the earned income credit, targeted to low-income

workers, is shown separately in Definition 7.

7. Definition 6 plus the earned income credit.

8. Definition 7 less state income taxes.

9. Definition 8 plus nonmeans-tested government

cash transfers. Nonmeans-tested government cash

transfers include social security payments, unemployment compensation, workers’ compensation,

nonmeans-tested veterans’ payments, U.S. railroad retirement, Black lung payments, Pell Grants,

and other government educational assistance. (Pell

Grants are income-tested but are included here

because they are very different from the assistance programs included in the means-tested category.)

10. Definition 9 plus the value of medicare. Medicare is

counted at its fungible value.1

11. Definition 10 plus the value of regular-price school

lunches.

12. Definition 11 plus means-tested government cash

transfers. Means-tested government cash transfers include AFDC, ADC, SSI, other public assistance programs, and means-tested veterans’ payments.

13. Definition 12 plus the value of medicaid. Medicaid

is counted at its fungible value.

14. Definition 13 plus the value of other means-tested

government noncash transfers, including food stamps,

rent subsidies, and free and reduced-price school

lunches.

a. Definition 14 less medical programs. This is

cash income plus all noncash income except

imputed income from own home, minus the

fungible values of medicaid and medicare.

15. Definition 14 plus net imputed return on equity in

one’s own home. This definition includes the estimated annual benefit of converting one’s home

equity into an annuity, net of property taxes.

MEAN INCOME

Mean income is the amount obtained by dividing the

total aggregate income of a group by the number of units

in that group. The means for households, families, and

unrelated individuals are based on all households, families, and unrelated individuals. The means for persons

are based on persons 15 years old and over with

income.

MEDIAN INCOME

Median income is the amount which divides the

income distribution into two equal groups, half having

incomes above the median, half having incomes below

the median. The medians for households, families, and

1

The fungible approach for valuing medical coverage assigns

income to the extent that having the insurance would free up resources

that would have been spent on medical care. The estimated fungible

value depends on family income, the cost of food and housing needs,

and the market value of the medical benefits. If family income is not

sufficient to cover the family’s basic food and housing requirements,

the fungible value methodology treats medicare and medicaid as

having no income value. If family income exceeds the cost of food and

housing requirements, the fungible value of medicare and medicaid is

equal to the amount which exceeds the value assigned for food and

housing requirements (up to the amount of the market value of an

equivalent insurance policy (total cost divided by the number of

participants in each risk class)).

A–4
unrelated individuals are based on all households, families, and unrelated individuals. The medians for persons

are based on persons 15 years old and over with

income.

PER CAPITA INCOME

Per capita income is the mean income computed for

every man, woman, and child in a particular group. It is

derived by dividing the total income of a particular group

by the total population in that group (excluding patients

or inmates in institutional quarters).

POPULATION COVERAGE

This report includes the civilian noninstitutional population of the United States and members of the armed

forces in the United States living off post or with their

families on post, but excludes all other members of the

armed forces.

The information on the Hispanic population shown in

this report was collected in the 50 states and the District

of Columbia and, therefore, does not include residents

of outlying areas or U.S. territories such as Guam,

Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

ROUNDING

Percentages are rounded to the nearest tenth of a

percent; therefore, the percentages in a distribution do

not always add to exactly 100.0 percent.

SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

– Represents zero or rounds to zero.

B The base for the derived figure is less than

75,000.

NA Not available.

r Revised.

X Not applicable.

UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS

The term ‘‘unrelated individuals’’ refers to persons 15

years and over (other than inmates of institutions) who

are not living with any relatives. An unrelated individual

may either:

x Constitute a one-person household

x Be part of a household including one or more other

families or unrelated individuals

or

x Reside in group quarters, such as a rooming house

Thus, a widow living by herself or with one or more other

persons not related to her, a lodger not related to the

householder or to anyone else in the household, and a

servant living in an employer’s household with no relatives are examples of unrelated individuals.

WORK EXPERIENCE

A person with work experience is one who, during the

preceding calendar year, did any work for pay or profit or

worked without pay on a family-operated farm or business at any time during the year, on a part-time or

full-time basis. A year-round worker is one who worked

for 50 weeks or more during the preceding calendar

year. A person is classified as having worked full time if

he or she worked 35 hours or more per week during a

majority of the weeks worked. A year-round, full-time

worker is a person who worked full time, 35 or more

hours per week and 50 or more weeks during the

previous calendar year.

A–5
Appendix B.

Time Series Estimates of Income

Included in this appendix are time series estimates of

income for households, families, and persons by race and

Hispanic origin. In order to accurately assess changes over

time in economic well-being, an adjustment for changes in

the cost of living is required. The U.S. Census Bureau uses

the experimental Consumer Price Index (CPI-U-X1), provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for 1967 through

1982 and the CPI-U for 1983 through 1996, to adjust for

changes in the cost of living.1 Some earlier reports in this

series used the CPI-U to adjust income when making

comparisons over time. See the Current Population Reports,

P-60, No. 174, Money Income of Households, Families,

and Persons in the United States: 1990, for a discussion of

the uses of the CPI-U-X1 and CPI-U as price deflators.

To assist in the interpretation of time series data, periods

of recession from 1948 to present are shown below.

Periods of Recession

Peak month Year Trough month Year

November ................. 1948 October .................. 1949

July....................... 1953 May...................... 1954

August .................... 1957 April ..................... 1958

April ...................... 1960 February ................. 1961

December ................. 1969 November ................ 1970

November ................. 1973 March .................... 1975

January ................... 1980 July ...................... 1980

July....................... 1981 November ................ 1982

July....................... 1990 March .................... 1991

Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138

1

The experimental Consumer Price Indexes (CPI-U-X1) included in

this appendix for years prior to 1967 were derived by applying the

CPI-U-X1-to-CPI-U ratio for 1967 to the 1947 through 1966 CPI-U

indexes.

B–1
Table B–1. Annual Average Consumer Price Index (CPI-U): 1947 to 1996

Year CPI-U1

1947............................................. 24.2

1948............................................. 26.2

1949............................................. 25.9

1950............................................. 26.2

1951............................................. 28.3

1952............................................. 28.8

1953............................................. 29.0

1954............................................. 29.2

1955............................................. 29.1

1956............................................. 29.6

1957............................................. 30.5

1958............................................. 31.4

1959............................................. 31.6

1960............................................. 32.2

1961............................................. 32.5

1962............................................. 32.8

1963............................................. 33.3

1964............................................. 33.7

1965............................................. 34.2

1966............................................. 35.2

1967............................................. 36.3

1968............................................. 37.7

1969............................................. 39.4

1970............................................. 41.3

1971............................................. 43.1

Year CPI-U1

1972............................................. 44.4

1973............................................. 47.2

1974............................................. 51.9

1975............................................. 56.2

1976............................................. 59.4

1977............................................. 63.2

1978............................................. 67.5

1979............................................. 74.0

1980............................................. 82.3

1981............................................. 90.1

1982............................................. 95.6

1983............................................. 99.6

1984............................................. 103.9

1985............................................. 107.6

1986............................................. 109.6

1987............................................. 113.6

1988............................................. 118.3

1989............................................. 124.0

1990............................................. 130.7

1991............................................. 136.2

1992............................................. 140.3

1993............................................. 144.5

1994............................................. 148.2

1995............................................. 152.4

1996............................................. 156.9

1

Prior to 1967, the CPI-U indexes included in this table were derived by applying the CPI-U-X1 to CPI-U ratio calculated for 1967 to the 1947 to 1966

CPI-U indexes.

Note: The percentage change in prices between earlier years’ data and 1996 should be computed by dividing the annual average Consumer Price Index

(CPI-U) for 1996 by the annual average for the earlier year(s).

B–2
Table B~2. Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder:

1967 to 1996

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of house~

holder and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

ALL RACES

1996 101 -------------- 018 100.0 3.4 8.4 8.6 15.4 13.7 16.3 18.0 8.2 8.2 35 492 179 47 123 264

1995 99 -------------- 627 100.0 3.5 8.3 8.5 15.6 13.9 16.9 17.4 8.0 7.7 35 082 203 46 265 253

19948 ------------- 98 990 100.0 3.8 8.8 8.7 15.8 14.1 16.3 16.9 7.8 7.7 34 158 156 45 665 246

19937 ------------- 97 107 100.0 4.0 9.0 8.5 15.8 14.3 16.3 16.9 7.8 7.2 33 922 159 44 983 243

19926 ------------- 96 426 100.0 3.9 8.9 8.8 15.6 14.2 16.5 17.8 7.5 6.8 34 261 162 43 435 182

1991 95 -------------- 669 100.0 3.6 8.9 8.3 15.4 14.6 16.9 17.5 7.9 6.8 34 705 167 43 685 180

1990 94 -------------- 312 100.0 3.6 8.4 7.9 15.0 14.1 17.8 17.9 8.0 7.2 35 945 184 44 901 190

1989 93 -------------- 347 100.0 3.2 8.4 7.6 15.1 13.9 17.2 18.4 8.6 7.7 36 575 201 46 210 201

1988 92 -------------- 830 100.0 3.4 8.9 7.6 15.0 13.8 17.2 18.5 8.3 7.3 36 108 176 45 116 202

19871 ------------- 91 124 100.0 3.6 8.8 7.7 15.1 13.9 17.3 18.3 8.4 6.9 35 994 171 44 763 184

1986 89 -------------- 479 100.0 3.8 8.7 8.0 15.1 13.8 17.3 18.6 7.9 6.8 35 642 185 44 034 179

1985 88 -------------- 458 100.0 3.7 9.0 8.3 15.6 14.2 17.8 17.8 7.7 5.8 34 439 187 42 383 168

1984 86 -------------- 789 100.0 3.7 9.1 8.3 16.2 14.4 17.9 17.6 7.4 5.5 33 849 154 41 474 153

19832 ------------- 85 290 100.0 3.9 9.3 8.2 16.5 15.0 17.8 17.2 6.9 5.0 33 110 150 40 342 150

1982 83 -------------- 918 100.0 3.9 9.6 8.5 16.5 14.9 18.2 17.0 6.7 4.8 33 105 149 39 896 148

1981 83 -------------- 527 100.0 3.6 9.5 8.5 16.8 14.5 18.3 17.7 6.8 4.3 33 215 174 39 681 145

1980 82 -------------- 368 100.0 3.3 9.6 8.2 16.4 14.3 19.1 17.9 6.8 4.4 33 763 173 40 155 147

19793 ------------- 80 776 100.0 3.2 9.1 8.1 15.5 14.5 18.8 18.9 7.0 4.9 34 902 165 41 460 157 1978 77 -------------- 330 100.0 3.1 9.1 8.2 15.8 14.3 19.0 18.8 7.1 4.6 35 015 142 41 212 158 1977 76 -------------- 030 100.0 3.2 9.3 8.9 16.1 14.4 19.3 18.3 6.3 4.1 33 694 127 39 970 122 1976 74 -------------- 142 100.0 3.1 9.5 8.6 16.1 15.0 19.5 18.2 6.1 3.8 33 509 124 39 415 122 1975 72 -------------- 867 100.0 3.3 9.7 8.8 16.2 15.6 19.4 17.8 5.7 3.5 32 943 134 38 468 120 19744 ------------- 71 163 100.0 3.2 9.3 8.0 16.1 15.6 19.8 18.0 6.3 3.8 33 850 130 39 585 124 1973 69 -------------- 859 100.0 3.8 8.5 8.4 15.2 15.0 20.0 18.6 6.4 4.2 34 943 133 40 412 123 1972 68 -------------- 251 100.0 4.1 8.8 8.1 15.3 14.8 20.5 18.3 6.0 4.0 34 267 131 39 882 124 1971 66 -------------- 676 100.0 4.7 9.1 8.0 15.7 16.2 20.9 17.1 5.1 3.2 32 865 127 37 798 120 1970 64 -------------- 778 100.0 4.9 8.8 7.7 15.6 16.4 21.3 16.8 5.3 3.2 33 181 122 37 994 122

1969 63 -------------- 401 100.0 5.0 8.7 7.5 15.3 16.5 21.7 17.0 5.1 3.1 33 407 123 38 006 119

1968 62 -------------- 214 100.0 5.4 8.6 8.0 16.2 17.4 21.7 16.0 4.2 2.6 32 225 117 36 457 117

1967 60 -------------- 813 100.0 6.0 9.3 7.9 16.4 18.9 20.7 14.3 3.9 2.6 30 874 112 34 531 112

WHITE

1996 85 -------------- 059 100.0 2.6 7.4 8.2 15.1 13.7 16.7 18.8 8.5 8.9 37 161 192 48 994 290

1995 84 -------------- 511 100.0 2.8 7.4 8.2 15.4 14.0 17.3 18.1 8.5 8.3 36 822 193 48 109 279

19948 ------------- 83 737 100.0 3.0 7.8 8.4 15.5 14.2 16.8 17.7 8.3 8.2 36 026 202 47 678 277

19937 ------------- 82 387 100.0 3.2 7.9 8.1 15.5 14.4 17.0 17.8 8.3 7.8 35 788 208 46 999 271

19926 ------------- 81 795 100.0 3.0 7.8 8.3 15.4 14.3 17.0 18.8 8.1 7.3 36 020 174 45 397 202 1991 81 -------------- 675 100.0 2.8 7.7 8.1 15.2 14.7 17.4 18.4 8.5 7.3 36 367 176 45 530 198 1990 80 -------------- 968 100.0 2.8 7.4 7.6 14.8 14.3 18.3 18.8 8.5 7.7 37 492 172 46 712 209

1989 80 -------------- 163 100.0 2.5 7.2 7.3 14.8 14.0 17.5 19.3 9.0 8.3 38 473 187 48 134 223

1988 79 -------------- 734 100.0 2.8 7.7 7.0 14.8 13.9 17.8 19.4 8.8 7.8 38 172 225 47 041 221

19871 ------------- 78 519 100.0 2.8 7.7 7.2 14.8 13.9 17.9 19.3 8.9 7.5 37 924 192 46 676 202

1986 77 -------------- 284 100.0 3.0 7.8 7.6 14.8 13.8 17.8 19.6 8.4 7.3 37 471 182 45 867 196

1985 76 -------------- 576 100.0 3.1 8.0 7.8 15.2 14.3 18.4 18.6 8.2 6.3 36 320 194 44 123 185

1984 75 -------------- 328 100.0 3.0 8.0 7.8 15.8 14.5 18.5 18.5 7.9 6.0 35 709 180 43 184 168

19832 ------------- 74 170 100.0 3.2 8.2 7.7 16.2 15.3 18.5 18.0 7.4 5.4 34 712 156 42 027 162

1982 73 -------------- 182 100.0 3.2 8.6 8.0 16.1 15.1 18.8 17.9 7.3 5.2 34 658 158 41 541 162

1981 72 -------------- 845 100.0 2.9 8.3 8.0 16.5 14.6 18.9 18.7 7.3 4.8 35 094 162 41 344 157

1980 71 -------------- 872 100.0 2.7 8.6 7.7 16.0 14.5 19.7 18.9 7.3 4.8 35 620 183 41 776 160

19793 ------------- 70 766 100.0 2.7 8.1 7.5 15.1 14.6 19.4 19.9 7.4 5.3 36 594 174 43 094 172

1978 68 -------------- 028 100.0 2.6 8.1 7.8 15.3 14.3 19.5 19.8 7.4 5.0 36 401 160 42 740 172

1977 66 -------------- 934 100.0 2.8 8.3 8.3 15.5 14.4 20.0 19.4 6.7 4.5 35 432 149 41 531 134

1976 65 -------------- 353 100.0 2.8 8.4 8.0 15.7 15.1 20.0 19.2 6.6 4.2 35 102 145 40 931 132

1975 64 -------------- 392 100.0 2.9 8.7 8.4 15.9 15.5 20.0 18.8 6.1 3.8 34 451 126 39 889 131

19744 ------------- 62 984 100.0 2.8 8.4 7.5 15.5 15.6 20.6 18.8 6.8 4.1 35 401 133 41 051 133

1973 61 -------------- 965 100.0 3.3 7.7 7.8 14.6 15.0 20.6 19.6 6.8 4.5 36 622 140 41 974 133

1972 60 -------------- 618 100.0 3.6 8.0 7.6 14.6 14.9 21.2 19.2 6.4 4.4 35 949 138 41 434 134

1971 59 -------------- 463 100.0 4.3 8.3 7.5 15.1 16.3 21.7 18.0 5.4 3.5 34 376 131 39 167 127

1970 57 -------------- 575 100.0 4.4 8.1 7.2 14.9 16.5 22.0 17.7 5.6 3.4 34 560 133 39 324 129

1969 56 -------------- 248 100.0 4.4 8.1 6.9 14.6 16.5 22.6 18.0 5.4 3.4 34 864 127 39 416 131 1968 55 -------------- 394 100.0 4.8 8.0 7.4 15.4 17.7 22.6 16.9 4.5 2.8 33 552 125 37 768 125 1967 54 -------------- 188 100.0 5.4 8.6 7.2 15.7 19.2 21.6 15.2 4.2 2.8 32 197 117 35 793 121

B~3
Table B~2. Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder:

1967 to 1996mCon.

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of house~

holder and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

BLACK

1996 12 -------------- 109 100.0 8.2 14.9 11.6 17.7 13.9 14.0 12.4 4.7 2.7 23 482 462 32 460 634

1995 11 -------------- 577 100.0 8.2 15.3 11.3 18.5 13.7 14.7 11.5 4.3 2.4 23 054 393 31 298 535

19948 ------------- 11 655 100.0 8.6 16.6 11.1 18.3 13.4 13.1 11.7 4.0 3.2 22 261 414 30 977 445

19937 ------------- 11 281 100.0 9.7 17.3 11.7 18.1 13.9 12.4 10.6 3.6 2.7 21 209 419 29 566 491

19926 ------------- 11 269 100.0 10.1 17.2 12.2 17.4 13.5 13.3 10.6 3.3 2.4 20 974 428 28 461 386

1991 11 -------------- 083 100.0 9.7 17.8 10.6 17.1 14.0 13.9 10.9 3.6 2.3 21 665 455 28 849 377

1990 10 -------------- 671 100.0 9.7 16.6 11.1 17.0 13.3 14.5 11.2 4.2 2.3 22 420 511 29 788 402

1989 10 -------------- 486 100.0 8.7 17.0 10.1 17.6 13.6 14.5 11.2 4.8 2.4 22 881 466 30 361 412

1988 10 -------------- 561 100.0 8.1 18.6 11.6 16.9 13.7 12.5 11.7 4.3 2.5 21 760 454 29 811 435

19871 ------------- 10 192 100.0 8.9 17.8 11.1 18.0 14.3 12.8 10.8 4.0 2.2 21 646 417 29 227 402

1986 9 -------------- 922 100.0 10.0 16.5 11.4 17.8 13.7 13.5 11.4 3.6 2.2 21 588 424 28 964 394

1985 9 -------------- 797 100.0 8.4 17.4 11.9 19.1 13.1 13.9 11.0 3.6 1.6 21 609 420 28 194 366

1984 9 -------------- 480 100.0 8.7 17.7 12.3 19.9 13.7 12.9 10.0 3.5 1.4 20 343 391 27 131 334

19832 ------------- 9 243 100.0 9.4 18.5 12.5 19.0 13.6 12.9 10.0 2.9 1.1 19 649 367 26 172 321

1982 8 -------------- 916 100.0 9.1 18.5 12.1 19.8 13.7 13.8 9.9 2.1 1.1 19 642 315 25 844 323

1981 8 -------------- 961 100.0 8.3 19.2 12.5 19.8 13.3 13.3 9.8 2.9 .8 19 693 331 25 870 313

1980 8 -------------- 847 100.0 7.9 18.0 12.9 19.8 13.2 14.4 10.0 2.8 1.0 20 521 387 26 633 328

19793 ------------- 8 586 100.0 7.4 16.9 12.9 19.4 13.8 14.2 11.2 3.1 1.1 21 485 392 27 568 339 1978 8 -------------- 066 100.0 6.6 18.0 12.1 19.1 14.2 14.8 10.8 3.2 1.1 21 875 463 27 956 365 1977 7 -------------- 977 100.0 6.5 17.6 13.6 21.1 13.9 14.1 9.7 2.6 1.0 20 908 281 26 790 238 1976 7 -------------- 776 100.0 6.0 18.0 13.6 19.6 14.4 15.2 9.9 2.5 .8 20 872 259 26 668 238 1975 7 -------------- 489 100.0 6.9 18.5 13.3 19.0 16.0 14.1 9.4 2.1 .7 20 682 304 25 816 229 19744 ------------- 7 263 100.0 6.7 17.3 12.7 21.3 15.4 13.9 10.2 2.0 .6 21 053 254 26 183 233 1973 7 -------------- 040 100.0 7.8 15.5 13.5 20.2 15.2 15.2 9.1 2.6 .9 21 557 336 26 769 266 1972 6 -------------- 809 100.0 8.5 15.8 12.9 20.8 14.8 13.8 10.5 1.9 1.0 20 984 315 26 507 283 1971 6 -------------- 578 100.0 9.1 16.4 12.4 21.3 15.7 14.4 8.3 1.8 .7 20 306 302 25 162 258 1970 6 -------------- 180 100.0 9.8 15.2 12.1 21.5 15.2 14.5 8.7 2.1 .7 21 035 289 25 685 277

1969 6 -------------- 053 100.0 9.8 14.8 12.4 22.3 16.1 14.3 7.9 1.8 .5 21 074 311 25 088 267

1968 5 -------------- 870 100.0 10.4 14.9 13.6 22.9 15.6 13.4 7.1 1.6 .5 19 785 287 24 097 254

1967 5 -------------- 728 100.0 11.6 16.4 13.6 22.6 15.9 11.7 5.8 1.5 .9 18 694 311 22 463 251

HISPANIC

ORIGIN5

1996 8 -------------- 225 100.0 5.1 12.1 11.9 21.0 15.0 15.0 12.3 4.2 3.5 24 906 483 34 005 787 1995 7 -------------- 939 100.0 5.8 13.4 12.3 21.0 15.2 14.0 11.8 3.8 2.7 23 535 513 32 122 721 19948 ------------- 7 735 100.0 5.7 13.5 12.1 19.1 15.2 15.0 11.8 4.3 3.3 24 796 461 33 436 834 19937 ------------- 7 362 100.0 5.3 13.1 11.5 20.4 16.8 14.6 11.3 4.3 2.7 24 850 499 32 890 692

19926 ------------- 7 153 100.0 5.7 12.5 11.6 19.9 16.4 14.7 12.5 3.8 2.9 25 271 522 32 232 507

1991 6 -------------- 379 100.0 5.2 11.9 11.8 19.0 16.1 15.8 12.6 4.3 3.3 26 140 544 33 260 532

1990 6 -------------- 220 100.0 5.3 11.4 11.6 18.6 15.8 17.0 12.8 4.5 3.0 26 806 550 33 579 553

1989 5 -------------- 933 100.0 5.1 11.3 9.4 19.3 15.5 16.3 14.5 4.9 3.7 27 737 538 35 419 609

1988 5 -------------- 910 100.0 5.9 12.1 9.7 19.1 15.8 16.1 13.6 4.3 3.5 27 002 666 34 474 731

19871 ------------- 5 642 100.0 5.6 12.6 10.2 19.2 16.1 15.3 13.3 4.4 3.3 26 706 586 34 233 634 1986 5 -------------- 418 100.0 5.4 11.6 11.8 19.5 14.6 16.1 13.3 5.1 2.6 26 272 684 33 174 545 1985 5 -------------- 213 100.0 5.3 12.6 12.0 19.5 15.2 16.4 12.3 4.6 2.0 25 467 595 31 822 518 1984 4 -------------- 883 100.0 6.0 12.6 10.9 19.9 14.8 16.9 12.8 3.8 2.2 25 660 643 31 907 622 19832 ------------- 4 666 100.0 5.8 13.7 11.3 19.4 16.8 15.9 11.8 3.7 1.7 24 880 635 30 476 586 1982 4 -------------- 085 100.0 5.8 12.7 12.7 19.9 16.1 15.8 11.8 3.6 1.8 24 910 658 30 743 624 1981 3 -------------- 980 100.0 4.5 11.5 10.8 20.3 17.4 16.7 13.3 3.8 1.7 26 643 730 31 995 611 1980 3 -------------- 906 100.0 5.0 11.7 10.7 21.2 16.2 16.9 12.8 3.6 1.9 26 025 705 31 788 633

19793 ------------- 3 684 100.0 3.9 11.1 10.2 20.2 16.6 18.3 13.2 4.2 2.3 27 653 797 33 458 672

1978 3 -------------- 291 100.0 4.0 10.9 10.2 20.3 17.6 18.1 13.7 3.6 1.8 27 435 665 32 407 655

1977 3 -------------- 304 100.0 3.9 10.9 12.1 20.8 17.5 18.0 12.0 3.2 1.5 26 432 464 31 194 482

1976 3 -------------- 081 100.0 4.3 12.7 11.5 21.4 17.2 17.1 12.3 2.3 1.2 25 276 539 29 869 486

1975 2 -------------- 948 100.0 4.5 12.3 11.7 22.1 17.5 18.1 10.3 2.3 1.2 24 749 547 29 381 522

19744 ------------- 2 897 100.0 3.5 10.5 11.0 22.1 17.8 18.8 11.8 3.0 1.4 26 924 590 31 190 508

1973 2 -------------- 722 100.0 3.8 9.8 10.2 21.8 18.6 18.5 13.2 3.0 1.2 27 072 615 31 453 512

1972 2 -------------- 655 100.0 3.9 8.7 12.4 21.8 19.8 19.0 10.7 2.4 1.5 27 129 530 31 182 530

B~4
Table B~2. Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder:

1967 to 1996mCon.

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of house~

holder and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

WHITE, NOT

HISPANIC

ORIGIN

1996 77 -------------- 240 100.0 2.4 7.0 7.8 14.5 13.6 16.8 19.5 9.0 9.4 38 787 266 50 476 306

1995 76 -------------- 932 100.0 2.5 6.8 7.8 14.8 13.9 17.6 18.8 9.0 8.9 38 276 200 49 678 298

19948 ------------- 77 004 100.0 2.8 7.3 8.1 15.2 14.1 17.0 18.2 8.7 8.7 37 188 197 48 892 290

19937 ------------- 75 697 100.0 3.0 7.4 7.8 15.1 14.2 17.2 18.4 8.6 8.3 37 105 217 48 238 288

19926 ------------- 75 107 100.0 2.8 7.4 8.0 15.0 14.1 17.2 19.3 8.4 7.7 37 229 230 46 550 215

1991 75 -------------- 625 100.0 2.6 7.4 7.8 14.9 14.6 17.5 18.8 8.8 7.7 37 236 183 46 507 209

1990 75 -------------- 035 100.0 2.6 7.1 7.2 14.5 14.1 18.4 19.3 8.8 8.1 38 349 179 47 747 221

1989 74 -------------- 495 100.0 2.3 6.9 7.1 14.5 13.9 17.6 19.7 9.3 8.7 39 301 192 49 098 234

1988 74 -------------- 067 100.0 2.5 7.3 6.8 14.4 13.8 17.9 19.9 9.1 8.2 39 224 220 48 001 220

19871 ------------- 73 120 100.0 2.6 7.3 7.0 14.5 13.8 18.0 19.8 9.2 7.8 38 967 227 47 589 218 1986 72 -------------- 067 100.0 2.8 7.5 7.3 14.4 13.7 17.9 20.1 8.6 7.6 38 323 198 46 778 215 1985 71 -------------- 540 100.0 3.0 7.6 7.6 14.9 14.2 18.5 19.1 8.5 6.6 37 137 190 44 982 203 1984 70 -------------- 586 100.0 2.8 7.7 7.6 15.5 14.5 18.6 18.8 8.1 6.3 36 451 202 43 935 190 19832 ------------- 69 648 100.0 3.1 7.9 7.5 16.0 15.2 18.6 18.4 7.6 5.7 35 389 189 42 771 186 1982 69 -------------- 214 100.0 3.1 8.3 7.7 15.9 15.0 18.9 18.2 7.5 5.4 35 238 177 42 151 184 1981 68 -------------- 996 100.0 2.9 8.1 7.8 16.3 14.5 19.0 19.0 7.5 4.9 35 601 181 41 865 178 1980 68 -------------- 106 100.0 2.6 8.4 7.5 15.7 14.4 19.8 19.2 7.5 5.0 36 251 206 42 325 183

19793 ------------- 67 203 100.0 2.6 8.0 7.4 14.8 14.5 19.4 20.2 7.6 5.5 37 109 206 43 593 193

1978 64 -------------- 836 100.0 2.6 8.0 7.7 15.1 14.2 19.6 20.1 7.6 5.2 37 087 195 43 244 193

1977 63 -------------- 721 100.0 2.8 8.2 8.1 15.3 14.3 20.1 19.8 6.9 4.6 36 134 204 42 045 194

1976 62 -------------- 365 100.0 2.7 8.3 7.8 15.5 14.9 20.2 19.5 6.8 4.3 35 818 209 41 457 190

1975 61 -------------- 533 100.0 2.8 8.5 8.2 15.6 15.4 20.1 19.2 6.3 3.9 34 711 184 40 378 187

19744 ------------- 60 164 100.0 2.8 8.3 7.3 15.2 15.5 20.7 19.1 7.0 4.3 35 703 175 41 514 190

1973 59 -------------- 236 100.0 3.3 7.6 7.7 14.3 14.8 20.7 19.9 7.0 4.7 36 945 173 42 443 180

1972 58 -------------- 005 100.0 3.6 8.0 7.4 14.3 14.7 21.3 19.6 6.6 4.5 36 462 173 41 914 187

1Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

2Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls.

3Implementation of 1980 census population controls.

4Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

5Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Income data for Hispanic origin households are not available prior to 1972.

6Based on 1990 census adjusted population controls.

7Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer~assisted interviewing; earnings limits increased to $999,999; Social Security limits increased to $49,999; SSI and public

assistance limits increased to $24,999; Veterans’ Benefits limits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony limits decreased to $49,999. 8Introduction of new, 1990 census sample design.

B~5
Table B-3. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of Households by Race and

Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 1996

[Households as of March of the following year. Income in 1996 CPI-U adjusted dollars. Data for the years 1974 through 1986 were revised in March

1996. For further details, see note at end of table]

Year and race

Number

(1,000)

Upper limit of each fifth

(dollars)

Lower

limit of

top 5

percent

(dollars)

Share of aggregate income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Gini

Lowest Second Third Fourth Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest ratio

Top 5

percent

ALL RACES

1996................ 101,018 14,768 27,760 44,006 68,015 119,540 3.7 9.0 15.1 23.3 49.0 21.4 47,123 0.455

19951 ............... 99,627 14,825 27,709 43,242 67,047 116,337 3.7 9.1 15.2 23.3 48.7 21.0 46,265 0.450

19942 ............... 98,990 14,214 26,679 42,454 66,530 116,268 3.6 8.9 15.0 23.4 49.1 21.2 45,665 0.456

19933 ............... 97,107 14,080 26,797 42,122 65,475 113,618 3.6 9.0 15.1 23.5 48.9 21.0 44,983 0.454

19924 ............... 96,426 14,091 26,996 42,384 64,870 110,736 3.8 9.4 15.8 24.2 46.9 18.6 43,435 0.434

1991................ 95,699 14,501 27,648 42,704 65,386 111,051 3.8 9.6 15.9 24.2 46.5 18.1 43,685 0.428

1990................ 94,312 15,006 28,405 43,457 66,271 113,741 3.9 9.6 15.9 24.0 46.6 18.6 44,901 0.428

1989................ 93,347 15,305 29,102 44,729 67,960 116,093 3.8 9.5 15.8 24.0 46.8 18.9 46,210 0.431

1988................ 92,830 15,096 28,515 44,439 67,101 113,583 3.8 9.6 16.0 24.3 46.3 18.3 45,116 0.427

19875 ............... 91,124 14,917 28,314 44,197 66,797 111,775 3.8 9.6 16.1 24.3 46.2 18.2 44,763 0.426

1986................ 89,479 14,828 28,321 43,742 66,024 111,986 3.9 9.7 16.2 24.5 45.7 17.5 44,034 0.425

19856 ............... 88,458 14,582 27,490 42,319 63,881 106,830 4.0 9.7 16.3 24.6 45.3 17.0 42,383 0.419

1984................ 86,789 14,497 27,037 41,537 62,820 105,088 4.1 9.9 16.4 24.7 44.9 16.5 41,474 0.415

19837 ............... 85,290 14,178 26,423 40,514 61,276 101,764 4.1 10.0 16.5 24.7 44.7 16.4 40,014 0.414

1982................ 83,918 13,983 26,276 40,308 60,183 100,290 4.1 10.1 16.6 24.7 44.5 16.2 39,896 0.412

1981................ 83,527 14,210 26,180 40,742 60,252 98,041 4.2 10.2 16.8 25.0 43.8 15.6 39,681 0.406

1980................ 82,368 14,405 26,881 41,198 60,434 98,182 4.3 10.3 16.9 24.9 43.7 15.8 40,155 0.403

19798 ............... 80,776 14,861 27,638 42,458 61,693 100,639 4.2 10.3 16.9 24.7 44.0 16.4 41,460 0.404

1978................ 77,330 14,839 27,893 42,179 61,423 98,956 4.3 10.3 16.9 24.8 43.7 16.2 41,212 0.402

1977................ 76,030 14,431 27,060 41,040 59,831 96,724 4.4 10.3 17.0 24.8 43.6 16.1 39,970 0.402

19769 ............... 74,142 14,472 26,765 40,739 58,618 93,459 4.4 10.4 17.1 24.8 43.3 16.0 39,415 0.398

197510 .............. 72,867 14,029 26,383 39,772 57,221 91,239 4.4 10.5 17.1 24.8 43.2 15.9 38,468 0.397

197410 11 ............ 71,163 14,883 27,492 40,510 58,809 93,974 4.4 10.6 17.1 24.7 43.1 15.9 39,585 0.395

1973................ 69,859 14,686 27,900 41,386 59,785 94,768 4.2 10.5 17.1 24.6 43.6 16.6 40,412 0.397

197212 .............. 68,251 14,312 27,564 40,745 58,307 93,857 4.1 10.5 17.1 24.5 43.9 17.0 39,882 0.401

197113 .............. 66,676 13,833 26,371 38,806 55,334 87,871 4.1 10.6 17.3 24.5 43.5 16.7 37,798 0.396

1970................ 64,778 14,007 26,836 39,039 55,698 88,054 4.1 10.8 17.4 24.5 43.3 16.6 37,994 0.394

1969................ 63,401 14,233 27,318 39,504 55,353 86,813 4.1 10.9 17.5 24.5 43.0 16.6 38,006 0.391

1968................ 62,214 13,830 26,219 37,581 52,805 82,612 4.2 11.1 17.5 24.4 42.8 16.6 36,457 0.388

196714 .............. 60,813 12,967 25,286 35,901 51,181 82,124 4.0 10.8 17.3 24.2 43.8 17.5 34,531 0.399

WHITE

1996................ 85,059 16,000 29,440 46,000 70,200 122,647 3.9 9.2 15.2 23.2 48.4 21.1 48,994 0.446

19951 ............... 84,511 15,937 29,296 45,196 69,117 120,346 4.0 9.3 15.3 23.3 48.1 20.7 48,109 0.442

19942 ............... 83,737 15,544 28,585 44,358 68,813 119,719 3.8 9.2 15.1 23.2 48.6 21.1 47,678 0.448

19933 ............... 82,387 15,510 28,393 43,975 67,594 116,616 3.9 9.3 15.3 23.3 48.2 20.7 46,999 0.444

19924 ............... 81,795 15,656 28,740 44,386 67,099 113,309 4.1 9.7 15.9 24.1 46.2 18.4 45,397 0.423

1991................ 81,675 16,008 29,069 44,702 67,438 113,940 4.1 9.9 16.0 24.1 45.8 17.9 45,530 0.418

1990................ 80,968 16,562 30,011 45,303 68,396 116,805 4.2 10.0 16.0 23.9 46.0 18.3 46,712 0.419

1989................ 80,163 16,731 30,866 46,817 69,855 118,992 4.1 9.8 16.0 23.8 46.3 18.7 48,134 0.422

1988................ 79,734 16,657 30,527 46,449 69,061 116,316 4.1 10.0 16.2 24.1 45.6 18.0 47,041 0.416

19875 ............... 78,519 16,574 30,386 46,131 69,051 114,255 4.1 10.0 16.3 24.2 45.5 17.9 46,676 0.415

1986................ 77,284 16,366 30,021 45,759 68,244 114,883 4.1 10.1 16.4 24.3 45.1 17.2 45,867 0.415

19856 ............... 76,576 15,951 29,164 44,038 65,869 109,687 4.2 10.2 16.5 24.4 44.7 16.8 44,123 0.411

1984................ 75,328 15,794 28,709 43,370 64,654 107,752 4.3 10.3 16.6 24.6 44.2 16.2 43,185 0.405

19837 ............... 74,170 15,753 28,192 42,234 63,034 105,466 4.4 10.4 16.6 24.6 44.1 16.1 41,675 0.404

1982................ 73,182 15,427 27,942 41,877 62,346 103,071 4.4 10.4 16.8 24.6 43.9 15.9 41,541 0.403

1981................ 72,845 15,678 28,003 42,490 61,994 101,001 4.5 10.5 17.0 24.8 43.2 15.3 41,344 0.397

1980................ 71,872 15,823 28,625 42,906 62,074 100,584 4.5 10.6 17.1 24.7 43.1 15.5 41,776 0.394

19798 ............... 70,766 16,239 29,574 44,102 63,502 103,730 4.4 10.6 17.0 24.6 43.4 16.2 43,094 0.396

1978................ 68,028 16,215 29,288 44,141 62,876 102,043 4.5 10.6 17.1 24.6 43.2 16.1 42,740 0.394

1977................ 66,934 15,640 28,798 42,631 61,692 99,304 4.5 10.6 17.2 24.7 43.0 15.8 41,531 0.394

See footnotes at end of table.

B-6
Table B-3. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of Households by Race and

Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 1996—Con.

[Households as of March of the following year. Income in 1996 CPI-U adjusted dollars. Data for the years 1974 through 1986 were revised in March

1996. For further details, see note at end of table]

Year and race

Number

(1,000)

Upper limit of each fifth

(dollars)

Lower

limit of

top 5

percent

(dollars)

Share of aggregate income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Gini

Lowest Second Third Fourth Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest ratio

Top 5

percent

WHITE—Con.

19769 ............... 65,353 15,722 28,432 42,263 60,256 95,883 4.6 10.7 17.3 24.7 42.8 15.9 40,931 0.391

197510 .............. 64,392 15,199 27,918 41,319 58,849 93,707 4.6 10.8 17.2 24.7 42.7 15.7 39,889 0.390

197410 11 ............ 62,984 15,926 29,200 42,233 60,462 96,583 4.6 11.0 17.2 24.6 42.6 15.7 41,051 0.387

1973................ 61,965 15,906 29,608 43,204 61,138 96,966 4.4 10.8 17.3 24.5 43.1 16.4 41,974 0.389

197212 .............. 60,618 15,591 29,027 42,405 60,074 96,119 4.3 10.8 17.2 24.3 43.4 16.8 41,434 0.393

197113 .............. 59,463 14,984 28,016 40,088 56,717 90,296 4.3 11.0 17.4 24.4 43.0 16.5 39,167 0.389

1970................ 57,575 15,189 28,493 40,296 56,985 90,060 4.2 11.1 17.5 24.3 42.9 16.5 39,324 0.387

1969................ 56,248 15,383 28,855 40,591 56,723 88,943 4.3 11.3 17.6 24.3 42.5 16.4 39,416 0.383

1968................ 55,394 14,982 27,780 39,108 54,103 84,068 4.4 11.4 17.6 24.3 42.3 16.5 37,768 0.381

196714 .............. 54,188 13,935 26,366 37,254 51,954 83,853 4.1 11.2 17.4 24.0 43.3 17.3 35,793 0.391

BLACK

1996................ 12,109 8,790 17,720 30,000 49,502 85,000 3.1 8.0 14.5 23.7 50.7 21.7 32,460 0.479

19951 ............... 11,577 8,648 17,399 29,536 47,663 82,188 3.2 8.2 14.8 24.2 49.6 20.2 31,298 0.468

19942 ............... 11,655 7,996 16,723 28,395 48,429 85,507 3.0 7.9 14.3 24.3 50.5 20.1 30,977 0.477

19933 ............... 11,281 7,774 15,820 27,145 45,604 82,041 3.0 7.7 14.3 23.7 51.3 21.1 29,566 0.484

19924 ............... 11,269 7,325 15,397 27,164 45,057 78,721 3.1 7.8 14.7 24.8 49.7 19.1 28,461 0.470

1991................ 11,083 7,545 16,086 28,176 46,180 79,079 3.1 7.8 15.0 25.2 48.9 18.3 28,849 0.464

1990................ 10,671 7,750 16,485 28,811 46,938 83,150 3.1 7.9 15.0 25.1 49.0 18.5 29,788 0.464

1989................ 10,486 7,979 16,803 29,121 48,082 83,005 3.2 8.0 15.0 24.9 48.9 18.2 30,361 0.461

19885 ............... 10,561 7,879 15,915 28,112 47,838 81,766 3.3 7.7 14.6 24.7 49.7 18.7 29,811 0.468

1987................ 10,192 7,754 16,021 27,623 46,226 80,799 3.3 7.9 14.8 24.4 49.7 19.3 29,227 0.468

1986................ 9,922 7,576 16,142 27,969 46,490 79,768 3.2 8.0 15.0 25.1 48.8 18.2 28,964 0.464

19856 ............... 9,797 7,997 16,040 27,108 44,851 75,849 3.5 8.3 15.2 25.0 48.0 17.5 28,194 0.450

1984................ 9,480 7,865 15,403 25,886 38,055 74,629 3.6 8.4 15.0 24.7 48.3 17.4 27,131 0.450

19837 ............... 9,243 7,561 14,825 25,205 42,357 71,725 3.6 8.3 15.2 25.2 47.8 16.9 26,041 0.448

1982................ 8,916 7,666 15,189 25,577 41,186 66,935 3.6 8.6 15.3 25.5 47.0 16.9 25,844 0.442

1981................ 8,961 7,857 15,049 25,085 42,128 69,656 3.8 8.6 15.3 25.4 46.9 16.1 25,870 0.440

1980................ 8,847 8,043 15,618 25,737 42,190 70,908 3.7 8.7 15.4 25.3 46.9 16.6 26,633 0.439

19798 ............... 8,586 8,502 16,462 26,927 44,526 72,089 3.9 8.8 15.5 25.4 46.3 16.1 27,568 0.433

1978................ 8,066 8,619 16,504 27,893 44,164 73,559 4.0 8.7 15.6 25.3 46.4 16.3 27,956 0.431

1977................ 7,977 8,689 15,889 26,067 42,204 69,823 4.2 9.2 15.5 24.9 46.3 16.7 26,790 0.425

19769 ............... 7,776 8,809 15,954 26,546 42,263 68,677 4.3 9.2 15.8 25.5 45.2 15.7 26,668 0.421

197510 .............. 7,489 8,456 15,634 26,327 41,168 65,454 4.2 9.1 16.0 25.5 45.3 15.9 25,816 0.419

197410 11 ............ 7,263 8,846 16,512 26,328 40,812 65,904 4.2 9.4 16.2 25.2 45.0 15.7 26,183 0.414

1973................ 7,040 9,035 16,621 26,593 41,841 68,581 4.1 9.4 16.0 25.1 45.5 16.6 26,769 0.419

197212 .............. 6,809 8,679 16,298 26,062 41,699 66,435 3.9 9.2 15.8 24.9 46.2 16.9 26,507 0.427

197113 .............. 6,578 8,344 15,748 25,483 39,462 63,342 4.0 9.4 16.1 25.1 45.4 16.4 25,162 0.419

1970................ 6,180 8,073 16,260 25,795 39,897 64,766 3.7 9.3 16.3 25.2 45.5 16.4 25,685 0.422

1969................ 6,053 8,199 16,064 25,323 38,564 62,171 3.9 9.7 16.5 25.1 44.7 15.9 25,088 0.411

1968................ 5,870 8,240 15,478 24,201 37,456 59,930 4.0 9.8 16.3 25.1 44.9 15.9 24,097 0.412

196714 .............. 5,728 7,676 14,264 22,692 34,903 58,222 3.8 9.3 15.9 24.3 46.7 18.2 22,463 0.432

HISPANIC ORIGIN15

1996................ 8,225 11,000 19,800 31,000 49,560 86,000 3.8 9.0 14.7 23.1 49.5 21.5 34,005 0.457

19951 ............... 7,939 10,295 18,593 29,753 47,667 82,671 3.8 8.9 14.8 23.3 49.3 20.8 32,122 0.455

19942 ............... 7,735 10,294 19,163 30,734 49,190 87,078 3.7 8.7 14.8 23.3 49.6 21.0 33,436 0.459

19933 ............... 7,362 10,815 19,545 30,490 48,110 83,065 3.9 9.1 15.1 23.1 48.7 20.4 32,890 0.447

19924 ............... 7,153 10,736 19,906 31,093 48,893 82,923 4.0 9.4 15.7 24.1 46.9 18.1 32,232 0.430

1991................ 6,379 11,082 20,736 32,325 50,376 86,399 4.0 9.4 15.8 24.3 46.5 17.7 33,260 0.427

1990................ 6,220 11,505 21,008 32,695 50,419 86,685 4.0 9.5 15.9 24.3 46.3 17.9 33,579 0.425

1989................ 5,933 11,859 22,146 34,518 53,958 89,838 3.8 9.5 15.7 24.4 46.6 18.1 35,419 0.430

1988................ 5,910 10,897 20,955 33,184 51,534 87,734 3.7 9.3 15.6 24.2 47.2 19.0 34,474 0.437

19875 ............... 5,642 10,841 20,717 32,589 51,363 87,477 3.7 9.1 15.5 24.1 47.6 19.2 34,233 0.441

See footnotes at end of table.

B-7
Table B-3. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of Households by Race and

Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 1996—Con.

[Households as of March of the following year. Income in 1996 CPI-U adjusted dollars. Data for the years 1974 through 1986 were revised in March

1996. For further details, see note at end of table]

Year and race

Number

(1,000)

Upper limit of each fifth

(dollars)

Lower

limit of

top 5

percent

(dollars)

Share of aggregate income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Gini

Lowest Second Third Fourth Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest ratio

Top 5

percent

HISPANIC

ORIGIN—Con.

1986................ 5,418 11,166 20,615 32,926 51,605 85,777 4.0 9.5 15.9 24.8 45.8 16.5 33,174 0.424

19856 ............... 5,213 10,645 19,685 31,707 48,849 81,296 4.1 9.5 16.1 24.8 45.6 16.5 31,822 0.418

1984................ 4,883 10,598 20,084 32,455 48,711 80,271 3.9 9.5 16.2 25.0 45.3 16.6 31,907 0.420

19837 ............... 4,666 10,239 19,691 30,838 47,007 77,319 4.2 9.7 16.3 24.9 44.9 16.0 30,512 0.413

1982................ 4,085 10,707 19,695 30,735 46,816 76,274 4.2 9.6 16.2 24.7 45.3 16.7 30,743 0.417

1981................ 3,980 11,974 21,071 32,630 48,759 78,340 4.5 10.3 16.7 24.8 43.6 15.3 31,995 0.398

1980................ 3,906 11,740 20,834 32,070 48,622 78,583 4.4 10.2 16.4 24.9 44.1 16.0 31,788 0.405

19798 ............... 3,684 12,722 22,390 33,924 49,869 81,630 4.6 10.5 16.6 24.6 43.7 15.9 33,458 0.396

1978................ 3,291 12,552 22,547 33,242 48,997 76,644 4.7 10.7 16.9 24.9 42.8 15.4 32,407 0.385

1977................ 3,304 12,413 21,425 31,422 47,045 74,456 4.9 10.8 16.9 24.7 42.8 15.4 31,194 0.383

19769 ............... 3,081 11,173 20,270 30,662 45,480 69,139 4.7 10.5 16.9 25.1 42.8 15.2 29,869 0.387

197510 .............. 2,948 11,432 19,797 29,777 43,566 68,458 4.8 10.7 16.9 24.9 42.9 15.8 29,381 0.388

197410 11 ............ 2,897 12,812 21,618 32,066 45,951 72,857 5.2 10.9 17.2 24.7 42.0 15.1 31,190 0.376

1973................ 2,722 13,297 22,272 32,969 47,685 72,134 5.1 11.1 17.1 24.7 42.0 15.0 31,453 0.371

197212 .............. 2,655 12,958 21,927 31,535 43,964 69,616 5.3 11.2 17.2 24.0 42.3 16.2 31,182 0.373

NOTE: It appears that between the years 1974 and 1986 negative amounts were included in the aggregate. These data were revised to maintain

comparability with the majority of years where negative amounts were treated as zeros.

1

Full implementation of the 1990 census-based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000 household sample reduction, and revised race edits.

2

Introduction of 1990 census-based sample design.

3

Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer-assisted interviewing. In addition, the March 1994 income supplement was revised

to allow for the coding of different income amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following categories:

earnings increased to $999,999; social security increased to $49,999; supplemental security income and public assistance increased to $24,999; veterans’

benefits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony decreased to $49,999. 4

Implementation of 1990 census population controls.

5

Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

6

Recording of amounts for earnings from longest job increased to $299,999. Full implementation of 1980 census-based sample design.

7

Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls and introduction of 1980 census-based sample design.

8

Implementation of 1980 census population controls. Questionnaire expanded to show 27 possible values from 51 possible sources of income.

9

First year medians are derived using both pareto and linear interpolation. Prior to this year all medians were derived using linear interpolation.

10These estimates were derived using pareto interpolation and may differ from published data which were derived using linear interpolation. 11Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. Questionnaire expanded to ask 11 income questions. 12Full implementation of 1970 census-based sample design.

13Introduction of 1970 census-based sample design and population controls. 14Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. 15Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

B-8
Table B~4. Families by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to

1996

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of householder

and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

ALL RACES

1996 70 -------------- 241 100.0 2.8 4.8 6.1 13.5 13.5 17.7 21.3 10.0 10.3 42 300 209 53 676 338

1995 69 -------------- 597 100.0 2.6 4.6 6.3 13.9 13.8 18.3 20.7 10.0 9.7 41 810 218 52 869 319

19948 ------------- 69 313 100.0 2.9 5.2 6.4 14.1 14.0 17.8 20.2 9.7 9.7 41 059 247 52 236 306

19937 ------------- 68 506 100.0 3.2 5.6 6.3 14.4 14.1 17.7 20.1 9.5 9.1 40 131 208 51 273 317

19926 ------------- 68 216 100.0 3.3 5.2 6.5 13.9 13.9 18.2 21.3 9.4 8.5 40 900 209 49 453 228

1991 67 -------------- 173 100.0 3.0 5.1 6.0 13.5 14.6 18.5 20.9 9.9 8.6 41 401 206 49 808 226

1990 66 -------------- 322 100.0 2.8 4.6 5.9 13.2 13.8 19.3 21.3 10.2 9.0 42 440 203 51 202 236

1989 66 -------------- 090 100.0 2.5 4.5 5.6 13.4 13.4 18.6 21.7 10.5 9.7 43 290 247 52 518 252

1988 65 -------------- 837 100.0 2.6 4.9 5.6 13.4 13.7 18.5 21.8 10.4 9.0 42 695 223 51 205 251

19871 ------------- 65 204 100.0 2.7 4.9 5.7 13.4 13.7 18.8 21.8 10.5 8.6 42 775 198 50 943 228

1986 64 -------------- 491 100.0 2.7 4.8 6.0 13.6 13.7 18.9 22.1 9.8 8.4 42 171 226 49 996 219

1985 63 -------------- 558 100.0 2.8 5.0 6.3 14.3 14.2 19.4 21.3 9.5 7.2 40 443 219 48 038 209

1984 62 -------------- 706 100.0 2.9 5.0 6.4 14.5 14.4 19.7 21.1 9.1 6.9 39 917 177 46 892 186

19832 ------------- 62 015 100.0 3.1 5.4 6.4 14.7 15.2 20.0 20.5 8.5 6.2 38 869 (NA) 45 400 (NA)

1982 61 -------------- 393 100.0 2.9 5.3 6.6 15.1 15.2 20.3 20.4 8.3 5.9 38 459 190 44 954 179

1981 61 -------------- 019 100.0 2.5 4.8 6.5 15.5 14.8 20.6 21.4 8.5 5.4 38 986 167 44 994 172

1980 60 -------------- 309 100.0 2.2 4.7 6.3 14.8 14.6 21.5 21.8 8.5 5.5 40 079 172 45 705 177

19793 ------------- 59 550 100.0 2.0 4.4 6.0 14.0 14.5 21.1 23.1 8.6 6.1 41 530 193 47 316 189 1978 57 -------------- 804 100.0 2.0 4.4 6.2 14.2 14.6 21.3 22.8 8.7 5.6 41 003 188 46 700 186 1977 57 -------------- 215 100.0 2.1 4.4 6.9 14.8 14.8 21.8 22.3 7.8 5.1 39 744 142 45 342 144 1976 56 -------------- 710 100.0 1.8 4.5 6.8 15.0 15.5 22.2 22.1 7.5 4.6 39 510 143 44 561 143 1975 56 -------------- 245 100.0 1.8 4.8 7.0 15.4 16.2 22.3 21.5 7.0 4.2 38 301 145 43 402 140 19744 ------------- 55 698 100.0 1.9 4.3 6.4 15.0 16.1 22.7 21.5 7.6 4.5 39 004 (NA) 44 473 (NA) 1973 55 -------------- 053 100.0 1.9 4.4 6.4 14.3 15.7 22.6 22.0 7.7 5.0 40 059 (NA) 45 282 (NA) 1972 54 -------------- 373 100.0 2.0 4.5 6.6 14.5 15.6 23.2 21.7 7.2 4.7 39 282 (NA) 44 614 (NA) 1971 53 -------------- 296 100.0 2.1 5.0 6.6 15.3 17.2 23.9 20.2 6.0 3.8 37 441 (NA) 42 166 (NA) 1970 52 -------------- 227 100.0 2.4 4.9 6.4 15.1 17.4 24.4 19.6 6.2 3.7 37 485 (NA) 42 192 (NA)

1969 51 -------------- 586 100.0 2.2 5.1 6.2 14.7 17.5 25.0 19.9 5.9 3.6 37 564 (NA) 42 120 (NA)

1968 50 -------------- 823 100.0 2.5 5.0 6.8 15.9 18.8 24.6 18.6 4.8 3.0 35 925 (NA) 40 245 (NA)

1967 50 -------------- 111 100.0 2.7 6.1 6.9 16.3 20.5 23.6 16.6 4.5 2.9 34 289 (NA) 38 041 (NA)

WHITE

1996 58 -------------- 934 100.0 2.0 3.9 5.4 13.0 13.5 18.3 22.3 10.5 11.2 44 756 266 56 197 377

1995 58 -------------- 872 100.0 1.9 3.6 5.7 13.4 13.8 18.7 21.7 10.6 10.6 43 905 264 55 179 350

19948 ------------- 58 444 100.0 2.1 4.2 5.7 13.6 14.1 18.4 21.2 10.4 10.5 43 284 223 54 745 346

19937 ------------- 57 881 100.0 2.3 4.3 5.6 13.9 14.2 18.4 21.3 10.1 9.8 42 672 263 53 820 354

19926 ------------- 57 669 100.0 2.4 3.9 5.7 13.4 14.0 18.8 22.6 10.0 9.2 43 245 243 51 927 253 1991 57 -------------- 224 100.0 2.1 3.8 5.4 13.1 14.7 19.1 22.0 10.6 9.3 43 525 242 52 155 248 1990 56 -------------- 803 100.0 2.0 3.5 5.2 12.7 13.9 19.8 22.4 10.8 9.7 44 315 214 53 459 260

1989 56 -------------- 590 100.0 1.8 3.4 5.0 12.7 13.5 19.1 22.8 11.1 10.4 45 520 229 54 919 278

1988 56 -------------- 492 100.0 2.0 3.6 4.9 12.9 13.7 19.2 22.9 11.0 9.7 44 981 276 53 465 276

19871 ------------- 56 086 100.0 1.9 3.8 4.9 12.9 13.7 19.4 23.0 11.1 9.3 44 729 213 53 215 250

1986 55 -------------- 676 100.0 2.1 3.8 5.3 13.0 13.7 19.4 23.2 10.4 9.0 44 105 205 52 132 241

1985 54 -------------- 991 100.0 2.2 4.0 5.6 13.7 14.3 20.0 22.2 10.2 7.9 42 509 229 50 125 227

1984 54 -------------- 400 100.0 2.2 4.0 5.7 13.9 14.4 20.5 22.3 9.7 7.5 41 809 217 48 961 202

19832 ------------- 53 890 100.0 2.4 4.3 5.6 14.3 15.5 20.6 21.6 9.0 6.7 40 701 (NA) 47 365 (NA)

1982 53 -------------- 407 100.0 2.4 4.1 5.9 14.5 15.4 21.0 21.4 8.9 6.4 40 379 200 46 944 195

1981 53 -------------- 269 100.0 2.0 3.7 5.8 15.0 14.8 21.2 22.5 9.1 5.9 40 952 212 46 903 188

1980 52 -------------- 710 100.0 1.7 3.8 5.5 14.1 14.6 22.2 23.0 9.0 6.0 41 759 179 47 545 193

19793 ------------- 52 243 100.0 1.6 3.4 5.2 13.3 14.6 21.8 24.3 9.2 6.6 43 336 189 49 258 204

1978 50 -------------- 910 100.0 1.7 3.4 5.6 13.6 14.6 21.9 24.0 9.2 6.1 42 695 191 48 488 202

1977 50 -------------- 530 100.0 1.7 3.4 6.1 14.0 14.8 22.6 23.5 8.3 5.5 41 559 154 47 162 156

1976 50 -------------- 083 100.0 1.5 3.5 5.9 14.4 15.5 22.8 23.3 8.0 5.1 41 040 135 46 291 153

1975 49 -------------- 873 100.0 1.5 3.9 6.3 14.8 16.1 22.9 22.6 7.4 4.5 39 834 145 44 979 151

19744 ------------- 49 440 100.0 1.6 3.3 5.6 14.3 16.1 23.4 22.5 8.2 4.9 40 534 (NA) 46 109 (NA)

1973 48 -------------- 919 100.0 1.5 3.5 5.6 13.5 15.7 23.4 23.3 8.2 5.4 41 868 (NA) 47 080 (NA)

1972 48 -------------- 477 100.0 1.6 3.7 5.8 13.7 15.6 24.0 22.7 7.7 5.1 40 812 (NA) 46 314 (NA)

1971 47 -------------- 641 100.0 1.8 4.2 5.9 14.4 17.2 24.8 21.2 6.4 4.1 38 850 (NA) 43 674 (NA)

1970 46 -------------- 535 100.0 2.0 4.1 5.8 14.3 17.4 25.2 20.6 6.6 4.0 38 887 (NA) 43 670 (NA)

1969 46 -------------- 022 100.0 1.9 4.4 5.5 13.7 17.5 25.9 21.0 6.3 3.9 39 002 (NA) 43 617 (NA) 1968 45 -------------- 437 100.0 2.1 4.3 6.0 15.0 19.0 25.6 19.6 5.1 3.2 37 194 (NA) 41 626 (NA) 1967 44 -------------- 814 100.0 2.2 5.3 6.1 15.5 20.7 24.7 17.6 4.8 3.1 35 590 (NA) 39 402 (NA)

r

Revised.

B~9
Table B~4. Families by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to

1996mCon.

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of householder

and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

BLACK

1996 8 -------------- 455 100.0 7.8 11.1 10.7 17.6 14.3 15.1 14.4 5.7 3.3 26 522 471 34 935 657

1995 8 -------------- 055 100.0 7.6 11.2 10.6 18.0 14.3 16.1 13.4 5.6 3.0 26 737 636 35 015 719

19948 ------------- 8 093 100.0 7.8 12.2 10.9 17.7 14.0 14.4 14.1 5.0 4.0 26 148 512 34 753 560

19937 ------------- 7 993 100.0 9.6 14.4 11.3 17.6 13.6 13.4 12.1 4.5 3.6 23 391 476 32 613 646

19926 ------------- 7 982 100.0 10.0 13.7 11.6 17.3 13.6 14.2 12.4 4.2 2.9 23 600 499 31 291 490

1991 7 -------------- 716 100.0 9.1 14.0 10.4 16.4 14.6 15.0 12.9 4.7 2.7 24 823 513 31 761 469

1990 7 -------------- 471 100.0 8.7 12.1 11.2 17.0 13.5 15.8 13.3 5.4 2.9 25 717 457 33 077 503

1989 7 -------------- 470 100.0 7.8 12.5 10.0 19.0 12.9 15.7 13.2 6.0 3.0 25 571 563 33 423 502

1988 7 -------------- 409 100.0 7.3 14.0 10.9 16.8 14.4 13.6 14.4 5.5 3.2 25 636 574 33 576 552

19871 ------------- 7 202 100.0 8.0 13.1 11.0 17.6 14.8 14.5 13.4 5.0 2.8 25 422 540 32 833 499

1986 7 -------------- 096 100.0 7.8 12.9 10.9 18.1 13.8 15.3 13.9 4.6 2.7 25 201 593 32 608 494

1985 6 -------------- 921 100.0 7.0 13.4 11.6 19.5 13.9 15.4 13.1 4.4 1.9 24 477 446 31 145 458

1984 6 -------------- 778 100.0 7.9 13.5 12.3 19.3 14.8 14.1 12.0 4.2 1.8 23 302 482 29 867 412

19832 ------------- 6 681 100.0 8.0 14.5 12.7 18.3 14.6 15.4 11.4 3.7 1.4 22 938 (NA) 28 981 (NA)

1982 6 -------------- 530 100.0 7.3 15.3 12.4 19.5 14.1 15.7 12.0 2.6 1.2 22 317 543 28 326 389

1981 6 -------------- 413 100.0 6.4 14.3 12.7 20.0 14.5 15.6 12.0 3.7 .9 23 101 531 29 074 385

1980 6 -------------- 317 100.0 5.7 12.6 13.1 20.5 14.3 16.4 12.6 3.7 1.2 24 162 519 30 133 402

19793 ------------- 6 184 100.0 5.5 12.4 12.9 20.4 14.4 15.6 13.6 3.9 1.4 24 540 447 30 761 420 1978 5 -------------- 906 100.0 5.3 13.1 11.4 20.1 14.9 16.7 13.1 4.1 1.3 25 288 507 31 168 446 1977 5 -------------- 806 100.0 5.0 12.8 13.5 21.7 15.0 15.4 12.1 3.3 1.2 23 741 320 29 697 293 1976 5 -------------- 804 100.0 3.9 13.2 13.7 20.3 15.1 17.6 12.1 3.1 1.0 24 412 365 29 785 285 1975 5 -------------- 586 100.0 4.2 12.9 13.6 20.3 17.5 16.4 11.7 2.7 .8 24 509 352 29 038 271 19744 ------------- 5 491 100.0 4.4 12.7 13.4 21.3 16.2 16.2 12.6 2.4 .8 24 203 (NA) 29 164 (NA) 1973 5 -------------- 440 100.0 4.8 12.2 13.3 21.8 16.1 16.9 10.8 3.1 1.1 24 163 (NA) 29 276 (NA) 1972 5 -------------- 265 100.0 5.1 12.1 13.5 21.4 15.8 15.7 12.8 2.5 1.1 24 256 (NA) 29 493 (NA) 1971 5 -------------- 157 100.0 4.6 13.1 12.4 23.1 17.5 16.1 10.3 2.2 .8 23 444 (NA) 28 013 (NA) 1970 4 -------------- 928 100.0 5.9 12.0 12.3 22.8 16.8 16.8 10.3 2.5 .7 23 854 (NA) 28 272 (NA)

1969 4 -------------- 774 100.0 5.3 11.7 12.9 23.6 17.5 16.6 9.6 2.1 .7 23 889 (NA) 27 760 (NA)

1968 4 -------------- 646 100.0 5.8 12.1 14.1 24.6 17.3 15.2 8.5 2.0 .5 22 307 (NA) 26 602 (NA)

1967 4 -------------- 589 100.0 6.8 13.9 14.5 24.2 18.2 13.0 6.8 1.7 .9 21 071 (NA) 25 584 (NA)

HISPANIC

ORIGIN5

1996 6 -------------- 631 100.0 4.9 9.7 11.6 21.5 15.6 15.2 13.0 4.7 3.8 26 179 496 35 592 876 1995 6 -------------- 287 100.0 5.3 10.2 11.9 22.3 15.8 14.4 12.8 4.2 3.0 25 295 571 33 618 778 19948 ------------- 6 202 100.0 5.6 10.8 12.8 19.4 15.3 15.6 12.4 4.7 3.6 25 746 500 34 248 688 19937 ------------- 5 946 100.0 5.2 11.2 11.3 21.2 16.8 15.2 11.8 4.5 2.7 25 684 546 33 779 789

19926 ------------- 5 733 100.0 5.3 10.5 11.5 20.6 16.6 14.9 13.4 4.0 3.1 26 342 623 33 523 582

1991 5 -------------- 177 100.0 5.4 9.8 11.8 18.4 17.0 16.0 13.3 4.7 3.6 27 527 579 34 557 608

1990 4 -------------- 981 100.0 4.9 9.2 11.6 19.1 15.6 17.6 13.8 5.0 3.2 28 128 679 35 187 631

1989 4 -------------- 840 100.0 4.5 8.9 9.4 19.4 15.9 17.1 15.9 5.1 3.9 29 667 793 36 944 676

1988 4 -------------- 823 100.0 5.6 9.4 9.5 19.4 15.7 17.0 15.2 4.8 3.5 28 872 741 36 242 828

19871 ------------- 4 576 100.0 4.9 10.5 10.0 19.7 16.2 15.7 14.8 4.8 3.3 28 038 591 35 703 718 1986 4 -------------- 403 100.0 4.6 9.2 11.6 19.5 15.0 17.3 14.2 5.7 2.9 28 624 713 34 986 618 1985 4 -------------- 206 100.0 4.3 10.0 12.1 19.6 15.8 17.0 13.8 5.2 2.3 27 745 715 33 760 592 1984 3 -------------- 939 100.0 5.2 9.8 10.4 20.1 15.2 18.3 14.3 4.4 2.5 28 438 1 075 34 080 710 19832 ------------- 3 788 100.0 5.3 10.5 10.8 19.8 17.9 17.0 12.7 4.0 2.0 26 670 (NA) 32 171 (NA) 1982 3 -------------- 369 100.0 4.7 10.0 12.5 20.2 17.0 16.7 12.9 4.0 1.8 26 632 679 32 393 694 1981 3 -------------- 305 100.0 3.6 9.1 10.4 20.5 18.2 17.5 14.7 4.2 1.9 28 561 735 33 731 674 1980 3 -------------- 235 100.0 3.8 9.0 10.7 21.2 17.2 18.4 14.0 3.6 2.1 28 055 749 33 582 703

19793 ------------- 3 029 100.0 3.2 8.4 9.7 20.0 17.1 19.6 14.8 4.6 2.6 30 042 874 35 563 757

1978 2 -------------- 741 100.0 3.0 8.4 10.0 20.4 18.2 19.4 14.7 4.0 1.9 29 209 739 34 069 723

1977 2 -------------- 764 100.0 3.0 7.8 11.7 21.0 18.6 19.4 13.2 3.6 1.7 28 354 623 33 001 524

1976 2 -------------- 583 100.0 3.2 9.1 11.1 22.6 18.1 18.3 13.4 2.7 1.4 27 098 597 31 855 541

1975 2 -------------- 499 100.0 3.2 9.9 11.6 22.3 18.3 19.7 11.2 2.5 1.2 26 665 639 30 978 575

19744 ------------- 2 475 100.0 2.6 7.7 10.8 22.0 18.9 20.6 12.8 3.1 1.5 28 841 (NA) 32 810 (NA)

1973 2 -------------- 365 100.0 2.6 7.1 9.4 22.2 20.1 20.1 14.0 3.3 1.2 28 970 (NA) 32 989 (NA)

1972 2 -------------- 312 100.0 2.6 6.7 11.4 21.9 20.6 21.0 11.6 2.5 1.6 28 917 (NA) 32 504 (NA)

B~10
Table B~4. Families by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to

1996mCon.

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of householder

and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

WHITE, NOT

HISPANIC

ORIGIN

1996 52 -------------- 625 100.0 1.7 3.2 4.7 11.9 13.2 18.6 23.4 11.2 12.0 47 023 252 58 620 406

1995 52 -------------- 861 100.0 1.5 2.9 5.0 12.4 13.6 19.2 22.7 11.3 11.4 46 347 260 57 624 376

19948 ------------- 53 029 100.0 1.8 3.5 5.0 13.0 13.9 18.7 22.0 10.9 11.2 45 047 256 56 803 372

19937 ------------- 52 470 100.0 2.0 3.6 5.0 13.2 13.9 18.7 22.3 10.7 10.6 44 638 233 55 884 379

19926 ------------- 52 302 100.0 2.1 3.3 5.1 12.7 13.7 19.1 23.5 10.6 9.8 45 106 233 53 790 270

1991 52 -------------- 288 100.0 1.8 3.3 4.8 12.6 14.5 19.4 22.8 11.1 9.8 45 204 248 53 815 263

1990 52 -------------- 038 100.0 1.7 3.1 4.6 12.1 13.8 20.1 23.1 11.3 10.3 45 904 263 55 135 276

1989 51 -------------- 955 100.0 1.6 3.0 4.6 12.1 13.3 19.3 23.5 11.6 11.0 46 895 235 56 524 295

1988 51 -------------- 850 100.0 1.7 3.1 4.5 12.4 13.6 19.4 23.6 11.6 10.2 46 574 237 55 005 276

19871 ------------- 51 702 100.0 1.7 3.2 4.5 12.3 13.5 19.8 23.6 11.6 9.8 46 281 265 54 691 272 1986 51 -------------- 426 100.0 1.9 3.3 4.8 12.5 13.6 19.6 24.0 10.8 9.6 45 336 219 53 548 263 1985 50 -------------- 912 100.0 2.1 3.5 5.1 13.2 14.1 20.2 22.9 10.6 8.3 43 828 233 51 437 251 1984 50 -------------- 563 100.0 2.0 3.5 5.3 13.4 14.3 20.6 22.9 10.1 7.8 42 966 245 50 084 233 19832 ------------- 50 208 100.0 2.2 3.8 5.2 13.9 15.3 20.8 22.3 9.4 7.0 41 758 211 48 466 224 1982 50 -------------- 123 100.0 2.2 3.7 5.5 14.2 15.3 21.3 22.0 9.2 6.7 41 316 212 47 891 222 1981 50 -------------- 066 100.0 1.9 3.4 5.5 14.6 14.6 21.4 23.0 9.4 6.2 41 884 237 47 747 212 1980 49 -------------- 584 100.0 1.6 3.5 5.2 13.7 14.5 22.4 23.6 9.4 6.2 42 582 200 48 422 217

19793 ------------- 49 309 100.0 1.5 3.1 5.0 12.9 14.4 21.9 24.8 9.5 6.9 44 095 212 50 055 231

1978 48 -------------- 245 100.0 1.6 3.1 5.3 13.2 14.4 22.0 24.5 9.5 6.4 43 555 230 49 278 228

1977 47 -------------- 828 100.0 1.6 3.1 5.8 13.6 14.6 22.8 24.1 8.6 5.7 42 323 206 47 961 226

1976 47 -------------- 569 100.0 1.5 3.2 5.7 14.0 15.4 23.0 23.8 8.3 5.3 41 798 195 47 049 219

1975 47 -------------- 447 100.0 1.4 3.6 6.0 14.4 15.9 23.1 23.2 7.7 4.7 40 518 207 45 694 218

19744 ------------- 47 026 100.0 1.6 3.1 5.3 13.9 16.0 23.6 23.0 8.5 5.1 41 260 218 46 795 218

1973 46 -------------- 550 100.0 1.5 3.3 5.4 13.0 15.4 23.5 23.8 8.5 5.6 42 080 203 47 775 203

1972 46 -------------- 213 100.0 1.6 3.5 5.6 13.3 15.4 24.1 23.3 7.9 5.3 41 324 177 46 992 208

1Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

2Implementation of Hispanic population controls.

3Implementation of 1980 census population controls.

4Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

5Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Income data for Hispanic origin families are not available prior to 1972.

6Based on 1990 census adjusted population controls.

7Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer~assisted interviewing; earnings limits increased to $999,999; Social Security limits increased to $49,999; SSI and public

assistance limits increased to $24,999; Veterans’ Benefits limits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony limits decreased to $49,999. 8Introduction of new, 1990 census sample design.

B~11
Table B~5. Persons by Total Money Income, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1996

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Persons 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and persons 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. For

meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.)

Number

with

income

(thous.) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500

to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

ALL RACES

Male

1996 100 ------------------- 159 93 439 100.0 5.7 3.9 11.1 11.7 19.4 30.5 10.6 7.0 23 834 157 32 800 247

1995 98 ------------------- 593 92 066 100.0 6.0 4.2 10.8 11.6 20.4 29.9 10.5 6.6 23 228 150 32 383 239

19948 ------------------ 97 704 91 254 100.0 6.3 4.1 11.2 12.1 19.7 29.6 10.1 6.7 22 995 116 32 150 227

19937 ------------------ 96 768 90 194 100.0 6.7 4.5 11.5 11.5 20.2 29.6 9.8 6.3 22 913 115 31 422 223

19926 ------------------ 95 652 90 175 100.0 6.6 4.7 11.5 11.8 20.0 29.4 10.1 5.8 22 875 120 29 982 155

1991 93 ------------------- 760 88 653 100.0 6.1 4.7 11.2 11.7 19.4 30.9 10.1 5.9 23 580 121 30 377 154

1990 92 ------------------- 840 88 220 100.0 6.0 4.4 11.2 10.6 19.8 31.4 10.6 6.1 24 361 122 31 261 164

1989 91 ------------------- 955 87 454 100.0 5.6 4.4 10.6 10.2 19.1 31.6 11.6 6.8 25 171 156 32 577 178

1988 91 ------------------- 034 86 584 100.0 6.0 4.6 10.8 10.2 18.8 31.9 11.6 6.2 25 077 174 31 903 175

19871 ------------------ 90 256 85 713 100.0 6.4 4.8 10.7 10.2 19.3 31.1 11.4 6.1 24 565 170 31 488 159 1986 89 ------------------- 368 84 471 100.0 6.7 4.7 10.3 10.8 18.4 31.0 12.1 5.9 24 500 132 31 240 155 1985 88 ------------------- 478 83 631 100.0 6.9 4.9 10.8 11.0 19.1 30.6 11.2 5.4 23 784 133 30 114 146 1984 87 ------------------- 304 82 183 100.0 7.3 5.1 11.4 9.9 19.3 31.4 10.2 5.5 23 558 136 29 353 130 19832 ------------------ 86 014 80 795 100.0 7.8 5.3 11.4 10.2 19.3 31.4 9.7 5.0 23 095 (NA) 28 642 (NA) 1982 84 ------------------- 955 79 722 100.0 7.8 5.1 11.4 10.2 20.0 31.1 9.4 4.9 22 895 149 28 526 128 1981 83 ------------------- 958 79 688 100.0 7.2 4.9 11.4 10.4 19.0 32.5 10.2 4.5 23 462 158 28 759 127 1980 82 ------------------- 949 78 661 100.0 7.0 4.6 11.3 9.7 19.6 33.5 9.7 4.7 23 888 149 29 245 130

19793 ------------------ 81 947 78 129 100.0 6.4 4.9 10.8 10.1 17.7 34.0 11.2 5.0 24 975 127 30 343 138

1978 80 ------------------- 969 75 609 100.0 7.1 4.6 11.0 9.4 18.0 33.9 11.2 5.0 25 418 146 30 480 142

1977 79 ------------------- 863 74 015 100.0 7.4 4.9 11.0 10.0 17.9 33.8 10.4 4.8 25 131 117 29 948 129

1976 78 ------------------- 782 72 775 100.0 7.2 4.7 10.9 9.9 18.0 34.5 10.5 4.4 24 898 140 29 491 127

1975 77 ------------------- 560 71 234 100.0 7.0 4.6 11.2 10.0 17.8 35.1 10.2 4.1 24 716 128 29 116 128

19744 ------------------ 76 363 70 863 100.0 7.3 4.7 10.6 8.8 18.3 35.5 10.0 4.8 25 551 (NA) 29 811 (NA)

1973 75 ------------------- 040 69 387 100.0 7.0 5.1 10.0 8.5 17.3 36.3 10.8 5.1 26 779 (NA) 30 878 (NA)

1972 73 ------------------- 572 67 474 100.0 7.1 5.1 9.8 9.2 17.4 36.2 10.3 4.8 26 327 (NA) 30 514 (NA)

1971 72 ------------------- 469 66 486 100.0 7.7 5.2 10.5 9.3 17.3 36.9 9.2 3.9 25 129 (NA) 28 730 (NA)

1970 70 ------------------- 592 65 008 100.0 7.8 5.6 10.2 8.6 18.0 37.3 8.4 4.0 25 340 (NA) 28 633 (NA)

1969 69 ------------------- 027 63 882 100.0 7.7 5.8 10.4 8.6 17.3 37.8 8.4 4.0 25 602 (NA) 28 680 (NA)

1968 67 ------------------- 611 62 501 100.0 8.1 6.0 9.9 8.8 19.5 37.3 7.1 3.3 24 888 (NA) 27 576 (NA)

1967 66 ------------------- 519 61 444 100.0 7.9 6.5 10.7 8.7 19.1 37.3 6.7 3.2 24 002 (NA) 26 167 (NA)

Female

1996 107 ------------------- 076 96 558 100.0 11.6 8.6 20.6 14.5 19.9 19.5 3.8 1.6 12 815 106 18 369 125

1995 106 ------------------- 031 96 007 100.0 12.7 8.9 20.6 14.4 19.7 18.8 3.5 1.4 12 488 77 17 775 113

19948 ------------------ 105 028 95 147 100.0 13.2 9.3 20.9 14.7 18.7 18.4 3.4 1.3 12 139 75 17 445 114

19937 ------------------ 104 032 94 417 100.0 13.5 9.8 20.9 14.0 19.2 18.1 3.2 1.1 11 994 77 17 114 114

19926 ------------------ 102 954 93 517 100.0 13.8 9.7 20.5 14.8 18.6 18.5 3.0 1.1 11 982 78 16 688 87

1991 101 ------------------- 483 92 569 100.0 13.6 9.7 20.8 14.6 19.0 18.3 2.8 1.1 12 068 81 16 645 85

1990 100 ------------------- 680 92 245 100.0 14.2 10.2 19.9 14.2 19.2 18.3 3.0 1.0 12 089 85 16 702 88

1989 99 ------------------- 838 91 399 100.0 14.0 10.0 19.9 13.5 19.6 18.7 3.2 1.0 12 177 87 16 735 87

1988 99 ------------------- 019 90 593 100.0 14.8 10.1 20.7 13.5 18.8 18.4 2.8 .9 11 783 101 16 328 92

19871 ------------------ 98 225 89 661 100.0 15.4 10.5 20.3 13.6 19.5 17.4 2.5 .9 11 457 93 15 936 83

1986 97 ------------------- 320 87 822 100.0 16.4 10.3 20.5 14.0 18.4 17.2 2.4 .8 10 894 79 15 376 79

1985 96 ------------------- 354 86 531 100.0 16.9 10.9 20.6 14.2 18.3 16.2 2.1 .7 10 524 79 14 834 76

1984 95 ------------------- 282 85 555 100.0 17.5 10.7 21.0 13.3 19.3 15.7 1.8 .7 10 371 68 14 473 71

19832 ------------------ 94 269 83 781 100.0 18.1 11.2 21.2 13.3 19.0 15.0 1.6 .6 10 090 (NA) 14 019 (NA)

1982 93 ------------------- 145 82 505 100.0 19.0 11.0 21.9 13.8 18.9 13.6 1.3 .5 9 662 62 13 450 67

1981 92 ------------------- 228 82 139 100.0 18.9 11.1 22.2 14.2 18.9 13.2 1.2 .3 9 505 66 12 956 63

1980 91 ------------------- 133 80 826 100.0 19.5 11.5 22.1 13.3 19.4 12.7 1.1 .4 9 380 63 12 910 65

19793 ------------------ 89 914 79 921 100.0 20.2 11.7 21.1 14.0 18.5 12.9 1.1 .4 9 227 74 12 777 66 1978 88 ------------------- 617 71 864 100.0 17.6 12.8 22.3 13.8 19.1 13.0 1.1 .4 9 456 84 13 015 67 1977 87 ------------------- 399 65 407 100.0 15.4 13.3 23.1 15.2 19.1 12.5 .9 .3 9 784 70 13 135 62 1976 86 ------------------- 157 63 170 100.0 15.5 13.3 23.3 14.9 19.3 12.4 1.0 .3 9 446 74 12 877 63 1975 84 ------------------- 982 60 807 100.0 15.4 13.4 23.6 15.4 18.8 12.4 .8 .2 9 450 59 12 599 59 19744 ------------------ 83 599 59 642 100.0 16.5 13.4 23.4 13.8 19.9 11.8 .9 .2 9 317 (NA) 12 579 (NA) 1973 82 ------------------- 244 57 029 100.0 16.5 15.0 22.1 14.2 18.9 12.2 .9 .2 9 294 (NA) 12 628 (NA) 1972 80 ------------------- 896 54 487 100.0 17.3 14.5 21.3 14.6 18.9 12.2 .9 .3 9 184 (NA) 12 640 (NA) 1971 79 ------------------- 565 52 603 100.0 17.8 15.6 20.8 14.6 18.7 11.4 .8 .3 8 766 (NA) 12 133 (NA) 1970 77 ------------------- 649 51 647 100.0 19.4 15.7 20.3 13.1 19.4 11.1 .7 .3 8 498 (NA) 11 921 (NA)

1969 76 ------------------- 277 50 224 100.0 19.8 16.2 19.9 13.3 19.8 10.0 .6 .3 8 490 (NA) 11 728 (NA) 1968 74 ------------------- 889 48 544 100.0 20.8 16.3 19.3 14.6 19.2 9.1 .5 .2 8 403 (NA) 11 370 (NA) 1967 73 ------------------- 584 46 843 100.0 21.7 17.0 19.3 14.0 18.4 8.5 .7 .4 7 784 (NA) 10 732 (NA)

B~12
Table B~5. Persons by Total Money Income, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1996mCon.

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Persons 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and persons 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. For

meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.)

Number

with

income

(thous.) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500

to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

WHITE

Male

1996 84 ------------------- 540 80 041 100.0 5.3 3.6 10.3 11.4 19.4 31.2 11.3 7.5 24 949 156 34 051 272

1995 83 ------------------- 463 79 022 100.0 5.5 3.9 10.1 11.4 20.1 30.7 11.2 7.1 24 601 182 33 632 260

19948 ------------------ 82 566 78 220 100.0 6.0 3.8 10.3 11.8 19.7 30.5 10.7 7.3 24 000 184 33 543 255

19937 ------------------ 82 026 77 650 100.0 6.2 4.2 10.6 11.3 20.0 30.4 10.4 6.9 23 867 125 32 760 248

19926 ------------------ 81 179 77 467 100.0 6.2 4.2 10.7 11.4 20.0 30.4 10.8 6.3 23 939 130 31 280 172

1991 80 ------------------- 049 76 578 100.0 5.5 4.2 10.4 11.5 19.3 31.9 10.7 6.5 24 647 129 31 678 170

1990 79 ------------------- 555 76 480 100.0 5.5 4.0 10.2 10.2 19.8 32.4 11.2 6.6 25 414 130 32 583 182

1989 78 ------------------- 908 75 858 100.0 5.3 4.0 9.6 9.8 18.9 32.6 12.4 7.4 26 398 140 34 036 197

1988 78 ------------------- 230 75 247 100.0 5.5 4.2 9.9 9.8 18.7 33.0 12.4 6.6 26 471 172 33 202 192

19871 ------------------ 77 743 74 647 100.0 6.0 4.3 9.7 9.9 19.1 32.1 12.2 6.7 26 111 178 32 834 174 1986 77 ------------------- 212 73 827 100.0 6.4 4.2 9.6 10.3 18.3 31.8 12.9 6.5 25 854 183 32 562 170 1985 76 ------------------- 617 73 222 100.0 6.6 4.5 10.1 10.6 18.9 31.5 12.0 5.9 24 951 144 31 384 160 1984 75 ------------------- 487 72 162 100.0 6.8 4.6 10.6 9.6 18.9 32.6 10.9 6.0 24 867 145 30 593 142 19832 ------------------ 74 805 71 231 100.0 7.3 4.8 10.6 9.9 19.1 32.4 10.3 5.5 24 297 (NA) 29 775 (NA) 1982 74 ------------------- 043 70 477 100.0 7.5 4.6 10.7 9.9 19.7 32.2 10.1 5.4 24 205 159 29 658 140 1981 72 ------------------- 449 70 351 100.0 6.9 4.5 10.6 10.0 18.7 33.4 11.0 4.9 24 895 169 29 943 139 1980 72 ------------------- 449 69 420 100.0 6.5 4.1 10.5 9.4 19.4 34.6 10.4 5.1 25 409 175 30 440 141

19793 ------------------ 71 887 69 247 100.0 6.1 4.5 10.0 9.7 17.3 34.9 12.0 5.4 26 090 136 31 537 151

1978 71 ------------------- 308 67 273 100.0 6.8 4.3 10.3 9.0 17.7 34.7 11.9 5.4 26 622 167 31 633 156

1977 70 ------------------- 407 65 974 100.0 7.0 4.5 10.3 9.4 17.5 34.9 11.2 5.2 26 323 137 31 124 142

1976 69 ------------------- 555 64 946 100.0 6.8 4.4 10.1 9.5 17.5 35.4 11.4 4.8 26 248 151 30 651 137

1975 68 ------------------- 573 63 629 100.0 6.8 4.3 10.4 9.6 17.4 36.1 11.0 4.5 25 964 151 30 241 140

19744 ------------------ 67 667 63 388 100.0 7.0 4.4 9.9 8.6 17.7 36.6 10.7 5.2 26 767 (NA) 30 905 (NA)

1973 66 ------------------- 550 62 082 100.0 6.7 4.7 9.4 8.1 16.7 37.2 11.6 5.6 28 099 (NA) 32 085 (NA)

1972 65 ------------------- 385 60 565 100.0 6.8 4.7 9.3 8.7 16.9 37.2 11.2 5.3 27 613 (NA) 31 733 (NA)

1971 64 ------------------- 611 59 729 100.0 7.4 4.8 9.9 8.9 16.8 38.2 9.9 4.2 26 345 (NA) 29 862 (NA)

1970 63 ------------------- 002 58 447 100.0 7.4 5.2 9.8 8.1 17.3 38.6 9.2 4.4 26 635 (NA) 29 784 (NA)

1969 61 ------------------- 645 57 343 100.0 7.4 5.3 10.0 8.0 16.6 39.2 9.2 4.4 26 940 (NA) 29 899 (NA)

1968 60 ------------------- 498 56 219 100.0 7.7 5.5 9.5 8.3 18.7 39.0 7.8 3.7 26 082 (NA) 28 696 (NA)

1967 59 ------------------- 524 55 270 100.0 7.4 6.0 10.3 8.0 18.4 39.1 7.3 3.5 25 268 (NA) 27 261 (NA)

Female

1996 88 ------------------- 756 80 741 100.0 11.8 8.3 20.1 14.7 19.8 19.6 3.9 1.7 12 961 114 18 524 126

1995 88 ------------------- 134 80 608 100.0 12.9 8.6 20.0 14.4 19.9 19.1 3.6 1.5 12 680 84 18 098 128

19948 ------------------ 87 484 80 045 100.0 13.5 8.9 20.4 14.8 18.7 18.8 3.5 1.4 12 313 82 17 710 129

19937 ------------------ 86 765 79 484 100.0 13.6 9.4 20.5 14.1 19.3 18.6 3.3 1.2 12 233 84 17 389 125

19926 ------------------ 86 098 78 885 100.0 13.9 9.3 19.8 14.9 18.9 18.9 3.1 1.2 12 260 85 16 992 96

1991 85 ------------------- 510 78 721 100.0 13.9 9.2 20.1 14.7 19.2 18.8 3.0 1.1 12 350 86 16 902 93

1990 85 ------------------- 012 78 566 100.0 14.5 9.7 19.1 14.2 19.5 18.7 3.1 1.1 12 385 92 16 972 96

1989 84 ------------------- 508 77 933 100.0 14.3 9.7 19.1 13.7 19.8 19.1 3.2 1.1 12 415 94 16 929 95

1988 84 ------------------- 035 77 493 100.0 15.2 9.7 20.0 13.4 19.1 18.7 2.9 1.0 12 073 109 16 593 101

19871 ------------------ 83 552 76 940 100.0 15.7 10.0 19.7 13.6 19.6 17.9 2.7 .9 11 750 98 16 212 93

1986 83 ------------------- 003 75 587 100.0 16.8 9.9 19.9 14.0 18.6 17.5 2.4 .8 11 109 86 15 557 86

1985 82 ------------------- 345 74 640 100.0 17.5 10.4 20.0 14.2 18.5 16.4 2.2 .8 10 728 86 15 044 83

1984 81 ------------------- 603 73 977 100.0 18.1 10.4 20.3 13.3 19.5 15.8 1.9 .7 10 494 72 14 621 79

19832 ------------------ 80 901 72 643 100.0 18.6 10.8 20.5 13.3 19.2 15.2 1.7 .6 10 266 (NA) 14 201 (NA)

1982 80 ------------------- 066 71 624 100.0 19.6 10.5 21.2 13.8 19.0 13.8 1.4 .5 9 793 69 13 614 74

1981 79 ------------------- 591 71 566 100.0 19.5 10.7 21.5 14.1 19.1 13.4 1.3 .3 9 611 73 13 094 68

1980 78 ------------------- 766 70 573 100.0 20.3 11.1 21.4 13.2 19.4 12.9 1.2 .4 9 431 69 12 996 71

19793 ------------------ 77 882 69 839 100.0 21.0 11.2 20.5 14.0 18.7 13.1 1.1 .4 9 314 81 12 855 72 1978 77 ------------------- 091 62 695 100.0 18.3 12.4 21.6 13.8 19.3 13.1 1.2 .4 9 570 88 13 089 74 1977 76 ------------------- 194 56 813 100.0 15.7 13.1 22.5 15.2 19.4 12.8 1.0 .3 9 933 77 13 279 70 1976 75 ------------------- 239 55 026 100.0 16.0 13.1 22.7 14.8 19.3 12.7 1.0 .4 9 525 82 12 993 69 1975 74 ------------------- 351 52 936 100.0 15.9 13.1 23.0 15.4 19.0 12.6 .9 .2 9 548 61 12 703 64 19744 ------------------ 73 312 52 038 100.0 16.8 13.3 22.8 13.9 19.9 12.1 .9 .3 9 423 (NA) 12 706 (NA) 1973 72 ------------------- 248 49 741 100.0 16.8 14.7 21.8 13.9 19.0 12.6 .9 .3 9 384 (NA) 12 808 (NA) 1972 71 ------------------- 226 47 519 100.0 17.8 14.2 20.9 14.3 19.0 12.5 1.0 .3 9 244 (NA) 12 753 (NA) 1971 70 ------------------- 293 45 941 100.0 18.1 15.2 20.4 14.5 19.0 11.8 .8 .3 8 912 (NA) 12 319 (NA) 1970 68 ------------------- 793 45 288 100.0 19.7 15.4 19.8 12.8 19.8 11.5 .7 .3 8 609 (NA) 12 100 (NA)

1969 67 ------------------- 680 44 025 100.0 19.7 15.8 19.5 13.0 20.4 10.5 .7 .3 8 689 (NA) 11 983 (NA) 1968 66 ------------------- 543 42 482 100.0 20.7 15.9 18.7 14.5 19.6 9.7 .6 .2 8 652 (NA) 11 657 (NA) 1967 66 ------------------- 240 41 045 100.0 21.6 16.6 18.8 13.7 19.1 9.0 .8 .4 8 018 (NA) 11 005 (NA)

B~13
Table B~5. Persons by Total Money Income, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1996mCon.

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Persons 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and persons 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. For

meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.)

Number

with

income

(thous.) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500

to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

BLACK

Male

1996 11 ------------------- 113 9 410 100.0 8.5 6.4 17.9 13.4 20.1 26.5 5.2 2.2 16 491 330 22 509 629

1995 10 ------------------- 922 9 339 100.0 9.4 7.1 16.7 13.4 23.0 23.3 5.1 2.1 16 479 293 21 952 585

19948 ------------------ 10 825 9 199 100.0 8.5 6.7 18.5 14.7 20.6 23.2 5.5 2.2 15 862 331 21 400 398

19937 ------------------ 10 639 8 947 100.0 10.6 6.9 17.6 13.3 22.0 23.3 4.7 1.6 15 858 488 20 728 465

19926 ------------------ 10 453 9 104 100.0 10.1 9.0 18.0 13.9 20.8 22.6 4.1 1.5 14 610 434 19 548 334

1991 10 ------------------- 252 8 943 100.0 10.1 8.5 17.7 14.1 20.4 23.1 4.5 1.4 14 932 386 19 654 311

1990 10 ------------------- 074 8 820 100.0 9.6 7.1 19.0 13.4 20.5 23.6 5.4 1.3 15 448 454 20 390 334

1989 9 ------------------- 948 8 806 100.0 8.2 7.8 18.3 12.6 22.2 24.4 5.3 1.3 15 954 386 20 431 333

1988 9 ------------------- 809 8 610 100.0 9.3 7.8 17.8 13.3 20.3 24.4 5.1 1.8 15 974 361 20 990 390

19871 ------------------ 9 668 8 488 100.0 9.4 8.1 18.5 13.0 21.6 23.4 4.6 1.3 15 490 287 20 128 334 1986 9 ------------------- 472 8 285 100.0 9.0 8.9 17.1 15.0 19.9 24.1 4.9 1.2 15 492 306 19 843 316 1985 9 ------------------- 309 8 127 100.0 9.6 8.8 16.9 14.3 21.9 23.4 4.0 1.1 15 702 344 19 505 318 1984 9 ------------------- 141 7 851 100.0 11.1 8.5 19.3 12.6 22.6 21.1 3.8 1.0 14 267 402 18 301 275 19832 ------------------ 8 986 7 587 100.0 11.7 9.3 18.2 12.7 21.5 22.1 3.8 .8 14 209 (NA) 18 201 (NA) 1982 8 ------------------- 757 7 290 100.0 10.5 8.9 18.2 14.1 22.8 22.3 2.6 .7 14 505 381 18 135 284 1981 8 ------------------- 614 7 459 100.0 10.2 8.2 18.4 13.9 21.3 24.4 3.2 .4 14 804 338 18 339 259 1980 8 ------------------- 448 7 387 100.0 10.6 8.5 18.5 11.8 22.4 24.0 3.4 .7 15 269 345 18 765 278

19793 ------------------ 8 292 7 288 100.0 8.8 8.0 18.5 12.7 21.0 26.2 4.1 .7 16 150 327 19 644 290

1978 8 ------------------- 148 6 971 100.0 9.7 8.2 17.6 12.9 19.9 26.6 4.3 .7 15 948 335 19 853 302

1977 8 ------------------- 057 6 777 100.0 10.3 7.9 16.9 15.3 21.5 24.3 3.0 .9 15 620 268 19 223 238

1976 7 ------------------- 914 6 651 100.0 10.3 7.6 17.6 12.9 22.0 25.9 3.1 .7 15 804 317 18 965 243

1975 7 ------------------- 720 6 485 100.0 9.2 7.6 19.0 14.0 20.6 26.6 2.6 .5 15 522 296 18 518 215

19744 ------------------ 7 507 6 409 100.0 9.7 7.4 17.8 11.3 23.9 26.1 3.4 .4 16 585 (NA) 19 100 (NA)

1973 7 ------------------- 415 6 394 100.0 10.0 8.2 16.2 11.7 22.8 27.7 2.8 .6 16 996 (NA) 19 493 (NA)

1972 7 ------------------- 200 6 043 100.0 10.6 8.5 14.3 13.7 22.3 27.5 2.4 .6 16 725 (NA) 19 249 (NA)

1971 7 ------------------- 041 6 024 100.0 10.9 9.1 15.4 13.6 23.2 25.5 1.8 .4 15 715 (NA) 17 794 (NA)

1970 6 ------------------- 796 5 844 100.0 11.4 9.8 13.9 13.2 24.8 24.7 1.6 .5 15 800 (NA) 17 791 (NA)

1969 6 ------------------- 637 5 870 100.0 11.4 10.3 13.8 13.4 24.7 24.6 1.5 .2 15 670 (NA) 17 367 (NA)

1968 6 ------------------- 456 5 715 100.0 12.4 10.1 13.7 14.0 26.8 21.6 1.2 .3 15 474 (NA) 16 722 (NA)

1967 6 ------------------- 318 5 572 100.0 12.5 11.0 14.7 15.2 25.5 19.3 1.2 .5 14 462 (NA) 15 975 (NA)

Female

1996 13 ------------------- 514 11 817 100.0 9.2 10.7 24.6 13.4 21.2 17.8 2.5 .6 11 772 246 16 531 428

1995 13 ------------------- 292 11 607 100.0 10.2 10.6 25.4 15.0 19.5 16.6 2.3 .4 11 285 235 15 347 229

19948 ------------------ 13 097 11 450 100.0 10.2 11.6 25.0 14.8 19.1 15.8 2.6 .9 11 163 231 15 826 271

19937 ------------------ 12 872 11 267 100.0 10.9 13.4 25.3 14.5 18.3 15.0 2.2 .5 10 324 225 14 945 290

19926 ------------------ 12 677 11 076 100.0 11.9 13.0 25.9 14.1 16.7 16.0 2.2 .2 9 938 243 14 280 205

1991 12 ------------------- 288 10 727 100.0 10.4 13.1 26.9 14.5 17.7 15.3 1.7 .6 10 156 225 14 573 220

1990 12 ------------------- 124 10 687 100.0 11.2 14.1 25.3 14.1 17.3 15.4 2.1 .4 9 997 247 14 464 222

1989 11 ------------------- 966 10 577 100.0 11.4 12.7 26.3 12.4 18.2 16.3 2.4 .4 9 964 302 14 792 228

1988 11 ------------------- 786 10 380 100.0 11.5 13.0 26.5 13.8 17.2 16.0 1.6 .3 9 747 192 14 193 225

19871 ------------------ 11 663 10 164 100.0 11.4 14.5 26.1 13.6 18.7 14.0 1.4 .3 9 598 189 13 751 199

1986 11 ------------------- 447 9 819 100.0 12.3 13.8 26.4 14.6 17.1 13.9 1.4 .4 9 400 180 13 654 225

1985 11 ------------------- 263 9 611 100.0 11.6 15.3 26.7 14.3 16.8 13.8 1.2 .1 9 153 198 13 125 190

1984 11 ------------------- 092 9 460 100.0 12.7 13.7 26.7 14.2 17.9 13.4 1.1 .2 9 308 208 13 020 180

19832 ------------------ 10 911 9 107 100.0 13.4 15.4 26.5 13.4 17.5 12.8 .8 .2 8 773 (NA) 12 461 (NA)

1982 10 ------------------- 687 8 921 100.0 13.3 14.9 27.7 14.1 18.3 11.1 .6 .1 8 638 207 12 061 169

1981 10 ------------------- 511 8 829 100.0 13.7 14.6 28.2 14.9 17.2 10.7 .7 .1 8 538 179 11 716 164

1980 10 ------------------- 317 8 596 100.0 12.9 14.6 28.6 13.9 18.4 10.9 .6 .1 8 731 210 12 062 170

19793 ------------------ 10 108 8 533 100.0 14.1 15.7 26.4 14.4 17.1 11.5 .7 .1 8 477 187 11 969 174 1978 9 ------------------- 902 7 959 100.0 11.8 16.1 28.3 13.8 18.0 11.5 .5 .1 8 617 195 12 115 177 1977 9 ------------------- 684 7 562 100.0 12.8 15.4 28.0 16.0 17.0 10.4 .4 – 8 577 132 11 924 149 1976 9 ------------------- 484 7 188 100.0 10.8 15.3 28.2 16.2 18.7 10.2 .7 .1 8 976 137 12 005 143 1975 9 ------------------- 269 6 969 100.0 12.1 15.2 28.8 15.9 17.1 10.5 .4 – 8 674 154 11 541 137 19744 ------------------ 9 047 6 779 100.0 13.8 14.9 28.8 13.6 19.0 9.3 .5 – 8 507 (NA) 11 364 (NA) 1973 8 ------------------- 839 6 513 100.0 14.6 17.7 24.6 16.8 17.2 8.7 .3 .1 8 470 (NA) 11 156 (NA) 1972 8 ------------------- 616 6 274 100.0 13.9 17.9 24.2 16.4 17.7 9.4 .4 .1 8 637 (NA) 11 499 (NA) 1971 8 ------------------- 428 6 151 100.0 16.3 19.1 24.4 15.4 16.2 8.3 .2 – 7 809 (NA) 10 543 (NA) 1970 8 ------------------- 041 5 844 100.0 17.2 18.4 24.3 15.4 16.5 7.8 .4 – 7 837 (NA) 10 421 (NA)

1969 7 ------------------- 841 5 728 100.0 20.1 18.9 22.9 15.7 16.2 6.1 .3 – 7 327 (NA) 9 749 (NA) 1968 7 ------------------- 636 5 629 100.0 21.9 19.3 23.1 15.2 15.6 4.9 .1 – 6 863 (NA) 9 189 (NA) 1967 7 ------------------- 461 5 397 100.0 22.9 20.2 23.3 15.6 12.9 4.6 .4 .2 6 311 (NA) 8 956 (NA)

B~14
Table B~5. Persons by Total Money Income, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1996mCon.

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Persons 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and persons 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. For

meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.)

Number

with

income

(thous.) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500

to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

HISPANIC ORIGIN5

Male

1996 10 ------------------- 627 9 305 100.0 6.4 5.7 17.3 19.1 23.9 21.4 4.4 1.8 15 437 251 20 806 581

1995 9 ------------------- 826 8 577 100.0 7.1 6.7 17.9 18.3 24.3 19.8 4.2 1.7 15 278 302 20 077 500

19948 ------------------ 9 555 8 375 100.0 7.0 5.6 18.9 18.5 23.2 20.5 3.9 2.3 15 351 317 21 284 695

19937 ------------------ 9 312 8 208 100.0 7.2 6.5 19.5 17.4 23.6 19.9 4.0 1.9 14 864 357 20 267 513

19926 ------------------ 8 996 8 056 100.0 7.4 6.5 18.9 17.6 23.8 19.9 4.3 1.6 14 994 342 19 690 351

1991 7 ------------------- 738 6 939 100.0 6.4 5.5 17.6 19.4 22.2 23.0 4.3 1.6 15 918 399 20 662 365

1990 7 ------------------- 502 6 767 100.0 6.5 6.7 17.0 16.8 24.5 22.5 4.3 1.7 16 170 379 20 950 399

1989 7 ------------------- 254 6 592 100.0 6.7 5.7 15.4 15.8 26.0 23.0 5.0 2.4 16 955 419 21 977 449

1988 7 ------------------- 012 6 342 100.0 6.4 6.3 15.6 15.3 25.1 24.2 5.1 2.0 17 282 528 22 076 467

19871 ------------------ 6 768 6 102 100.0 6.0 6.2 17.0 15.3 23.6 24.5 5.4 2.0 16 892 290 22 379 463 1986 6 ------------------- 517 5 870 100.0 7.4 6.5 15.3 17.2 22.7 23.2 6.2 1.5 16 509 292 21 307 399 1985 6 ------------------- 232 5 523 100.0 7.4 6.7 15.8 16.4 22.9 24.0 5.4 1.4 16 673 349 21 129 386 1984 5 ------------------- 809 5 174 100.0 8.1 7.2 16.2 13.8 23.1 25.3 4.7 1.7 16 764 461 21 141 489 19832 ------------------ 5 633 4 236 100.0 7.8 6.5 16.5 13.7 24.8 25.2 4.1 1.3 17 078 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1982 4 ------------------- 592 4 092 100.0 8.3 6.4 16.0 14.5 25.1 24.1 4.1 1.6 17 185 419 20 985 519 1981 4 ------------------- 557 4 131 100.0 7.5 5.8 14.9 14.6 24.0 26.9 5.1 1.3 17 767 488 21 461 491 1980 4 ------------------- 429 3 996 100.0 7.8 5.6 14.4 13.6 26.1 26.8 4.3 1.5 18 414 581 21 920 530

19793 ------------------ 4 196 3 852 100.0 7.2 6.1 13.8 13.4 24.1 28.7 4.9 1.7 18 809 606 22 507 549

1978 3 ------------------- 880 3 447 100.0 7.4 5.8 12.9 11.7 25.9 29.6 5.2 1.5 19 479 542 22 726 565

1977 3 ------------------- 848 3 376 100.0 7.4 5.7 13.2 13.2 25.9 28.8 4.5 1.3 19 357 442 22 162 459

1976 3 ------------------- 526 3 099 100.0 8.3 6.0 13.6 12.8 25.0 28.7 4.5 1.1 18 622 536 21 580 494

1975 3 ------------------- 415 2 945 100.0 8.0 5.8 13.1 13.1 25.6 29.3 4.1 1.0 18 920 491 21 441 542

19744 ------------------ 3 519 3 052 100.0 8.2 6.2 12.7 11.5 26.7 29.7 3.7 1.3 19 478 (NA) 21 921 (NA)

1973 3 ------------------- 433 2 867 100.0 8.4 5.5 11.7 10.2 26.9 32.5 4.0 .7 20 610 (NA) (NA) (NA)

1972 3 ------------------- 204 2 709 100.0 7.6 6.3 11.0 13.8 24.8 31.6 3.6 1.3 20 446 (NA) (NA) (NA)

Female

1996 10 ------------------- 073 7 744 100.0 14.4 11.8 25.9 16.0 17.6 11.8 1.9 .5 9 484 228 13 540 425

1995 9 ------------------- 754 7 478 100.0 15.1 12.4 26.3 15.5 17.3 11.5 1.5 .4 9 192 235 13 383 499

19948 ------------------ 9 433 7 298 100.0 14.9 12.0 27.2 16.4 15.1 12.2 1.5 .6 9 119 236 13 244 322

19937 ------------------ 9 146 7 053 100.0 15.5 13.6 26.7 15.1 16.3 11.1 1.3 .5 8 795 252 12 635 274

19926 ------------------ 8 815 6 749 100.0 15.3 13.0 24.6 17.4 14.9 12.8 1.4 .6 9 291 247 13 057 265

1991 7 ------------------- 806 6 084 100.0 16.1 13.0 25.1 16.4 16.0 11.5 1.4 .4 9 231 252 12 676 271

1990 7 ------------------- 559 5 903 100.0 16.7 13.2 24.6 15.7 16.4 11.6 1.5 .4 9 042 260 12 709 267

1989 7 ------------------- 323 5 677 100.0 16.4 12.5 22.4 15.9 17.4 13.6 1.4 .5 9 676 296 13 335 294

1988 7 ------------------- 045 5 532 100.0 17.7 13.0 22.7 16.1 15.6 13.4 1.1 .5 9 271 294 12 983 351

19871 ------------------ 6 835 5 357 100.0 17.2 13.2 24.3 14.4 17.3 11.9 1.2 .5 9 157 233 12 842 305

1986 6 ------------------- 588 5 096 100.0 17.7 12.1 24.1 15.8 16.8 12.0 1.2 .2 9 073 256 12 407 262

1985 6 ------------------- 366 4 843 100.0 17.9 13.0 24.8 15.6 16.5 11.2 .8 .2 8 778 246 11 925 261

1984 5 ------------------- 967 4 617 100.0 19.0 12.2 24.1 14.2 19.3 10.2 .7 .2 8 804 299 11 773 301

19832 ------------------ 5 790 4 098 100.0 19.1 13.2 25.4 14.3 17.2 9.7 .9 .2 8 461 (NA) (NA) (NA)

1982 5 ------------------- 119 3 832 100.0 19.8 13.0 24.4 15.7 17.7 8.8 .5 .2 8 436 338 11 193 310

1981 4 ------------------- 955 3 787 100.0 19.6 12.5 23.8 16.7 17.9 8.7 .6 .1 8 811 331 11 126 294

1980 4 ------------------- 734 3 617 100.0 19.6 13.6 24.7 16.8 16.9 7.8 .5 .1 8 398 357 10 701 295

19793 ------------------ 4 501 3 495 100.0 19.4 12.6 23.2 18.3 17.0 8.7 .6 .2 8 799 373 11 144 310

1978 4 ------------------- 178 2 949 100.0 17.1 14.1 25.1 17.2 17.4 8.5 .5 .1 8 805 358 11 153 328

1977 4 ------------------- 212 2 780 100.0 16.2 14.2 24.4 19.8 17.5 7.6 .2 .1 9 109 330 11 142 285

1976 3 ------------------- 922 2 568 100.0 15.5 14.6 25.0 18.9 19.1 6.6 .3 .1 8 873 317 10 801 267

1975 3 ------------------- 777 2 380 100.0 15.4 15.3 24.4 20.3 17.7 6.7 .1 – 8 939 310 10 603 265

19744 ------------------ 3 743 2 353 100.0 16.3 13.0 26.0 17.5 20.1 6.8 .3 – 9 094 (NA) 10 814 (NA)

1973 3 ------------------- 752 2 154 100.0 18.0 12.8 25.4 16.0 19.6 7.5 .5 .1 8 816 (NA) (NA) (NA)

1972 3 ------------------- 511 1 928 100.0 17.0 14.5 21.9 20.1 18.3 8.1 .3 – 9 354 (NA) (NA) (NA)

B~15
Table B~5. Persons by Total Money Income, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1996mCon.

[Income in 1996 CPI~U~X1 adjusted dollars. Persons 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and persons 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. For

meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(thous.)

Number

with

income

(thous.) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500

to

$4,999

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

WHITE, NOT

HISPANIC ORIGIN

Male

1996 74 ------------------- 349 71 084 100.0 5.2 3.4 9.4 10.4 18.9 32.4 12.1 8.2 26 290 139 35 708 297

1995 74 ------------------- 040 70 754 100.0 5.3 3.5 9.2 10.5 19.6 32.0 12.0 7.8 26 233 151 35 211 284

19948 ------------------ 74 238 70 919 100.0 5.9 3.6 9.4 11.1 19.3 31.5 11.4 7.8 25 538 195 34 779 270

19937 ------------------ 73 580 70 179 100.0 6.1 3.9 9.7 10.7 19.6 31.6 11.1 7.4 25 159 188 34 087 267

19926 ------------------ 72 761 69 907 100.0 6.0 3.9 9.8 10.7 19.6 31.5 11.5 6.8 25 049 143 32 520 186

1991 72 ------------------- 682 69 976 100.0 5.4 4.0 9.8 10.7 19.1 32.7 11.3 6.9 25 544 135 32 709 183

1990 72 ------------------- 352 69 987 100.0 5.4 3.8 9.6 9.6 19.3 33.4 11.9 7.0 26 360 134 33 670 194

1989 71 ------------------- 972 69 558 100.0 5.2 3.8 9.1 9.3 18.3 33.4 13.0 7.9 27 407 147 35 122 210

1988 71 ------------------- 492 69 143 100.0 5.4 4.0 9.4 9.3 18.1 33.7 13.0 7.1 27 458 154 34 184 194

19871 ------------------ 71 224 68 762 100.0 6.0 4.2 9.1 9.4 18.8 32.8 12.7 7.1 27 201 192 33 725 191

1986 70 ------------------- 888 68 131 100.0 6.3 4.0 9.1 9.7 18.0 32.5 13.5 6.9 27 017 196 33 503 188

1985 70 ------------------- 624 67 859 100.0 6.5 4.3 9.6 10.1 18.6 32.1 12.5 6.3 25 798 197 32 195 178

1984 69 ------------------- 835 67 126 100.0 6.7 4.4 10.1 9.3 18.6 33.1 11.3 6.3 25 607 165 31 301 163

19832 ------------------ 69 303 66 350 100.0 7.3 4.7 10.2 9.6 18.7 32.9 10.8 5.8 25 005 158 30 457 161

1982 69 ------------------- 559 66 476 100.0 7.4 4.5 10.4 9.6 19.4 32.6 10.5 5.6 24 823 166 30 182 158

1981 68 ------------------- 849 66 327 100.0 6.8 4.5 10.3 9.7 18.4 33.8 11.4 5.1 25 550 190 30 464 158

1980 68 ------------------- 176 65 564 100.0 6.4 4.0 10.2 9.1 19.0 35.1 10.8 5.3 26 082 198 30 936 160

19793 ------------------ 67 823 65 506 100.0 6.0 4.4 9.8 9.5 17.0 35.3 12.4 5.7 26 639 197 32 046 170 1978 67 ------------------- 528 63 916 100.0 6.7 4.2 10.2 8.9 17.2 34.9 12.2 5.6 26 905 160 32 105 177 1977 66 ------------------- 665 62 678 100.0 7.0 4.4 10.2 9.2 17.1 35.3 11.5 5.4 26 857 166 31 594 179 1976 66 ------------------- 125 61 921 100.0 6.7 4.3 10.0 9.4 17.2 35.8 11.7 5.0 26 728 166 31 095 174 1975 65 ------------------- 251 60 755 100.0 6.7 4.2 10.3 9.4 17.1 36.4 11.3 4.6 26 561 181 30 663 176 19744 ------------------ 64 233 60 397 100.0 7.0 4.3 9.7 8.5 17.3 36.9 11.0 5.4 27 332 187 31 353 175 1973 63 ------------------- 207 59 151 100.0 6.6 4.7 9.3 8.0 16.2 37.4 12.0 5.8 28 501 173 32 580 166 1972 62 ------------------- 273 57 870 100.0 6.7 4.6 9.3 8.5 16.5 37.5 11.5 5.4 27 927 170 32 164 170

Female

1996 79 ------------------- 232 73 445 100.0 11.5 7.9 19.5 14.6 20.0 20.4 4.1 1.8 13 514 120 19 025 131 1995 78 ------------------- 867 73 506 100.0 12.7 8.2 19.4 14.3 20.1 19.8 3.9 1.6 13 185 120 18 558 132 19948 ------------------ 79 252 73 665 100.0 13.4 8.6 19.8 14.6 19.0 19.4 3.6 1.5 12 646 86 18 092 137 19937 ------------------ 78 477 73 128 100.0 13.5 9.0 19.9 14.0 19.6 19.2 3.5 1.3 12 594 89 17 803 132 19926 ------------------ 77 820 72 559 100.0 13.7 9.0 19.4 14.7 19.2 19.4 3.2 1.2 12 583 91 17 337 103 1991 78 ------------------- 081 72 959 100.0 13.7 8.9 19.7 14.5 19.5 19.4 3.1 1.2 12 673 90 17 247 98

1990 77 ------------------- 796 72 939 100.0 14.3 9.4 18.7 14.1 19.7 19.3 3.3 1.2 12 702 97 17 307 101

1989 77 ------------------- 500 72 509 100.0 14.2 9.4 18.9 13.5 20.0 19.5 3.4 1.1 12 670 101 17 200 100

1988 77 ------------------- 296 72 216 100.0 14.9 9.4 19.8 13.2 19.4 19.2 3.1 1.0 12 356 109 16 865 101

19871 ------------------ 76 983 71 817 100.0 15.6 9.7 19.3 13.6 19.8 18.3 2.8 1.0 12 013 106 16 454 99 1986 76 ------------------- 641 70 671 100.0 16.7 9.8 19.6 13.9 18.8 17.9 2.5 .9 11 297 113 15 777 94 1985 76 ------------------- 199 69 972 100.0 17.5 10.2 19.6 14.2 18.7 16.8 2.3 .8 10 846 77 15 258 90 1984 75 ------------------- 804 69 497 100.0 18.0 10.2 20.1 13.2 19.5 16.2 1.9 .7 10 661 79 14 805 91 19832 ------------------ 75 274 68 380 100.0 18.6 10.6 20.2 13.2 19.3 15.6 1.8 .6 10 493 83 14 379 87 1982 75 ------------------- 083 67 894 100.0 19.6 10.4 21.1 13.7 19.1 14.1 1.5 .6 10 085 84 13 748 84 1981 74 ------------------- 787 67 889 100.0 19.5 10.6 21.4 14.0 19.1 13.7 1.4 .3 9 783 91 13 203 77 1980 74 ------------------- 193 67 084 100.0 20.3 11.0 21.2 13.1 19.6 13.2 1.2 .4 9 494 74 13 120 80

19793 ------------------ 73 535 66 447 100.0 21.0 11.2 20.4 13.8 18.8 13.3 1.2 .4 9 556 74 12 942 81

1978 73 ------------------- 030 59 833 100.0 18.4 12.3 21.4 13.6 19.4 13.3 1.2 .4 9 993 81 13 184 84

1977 72 ------------------- 104 54 110 100.0 15.7 13.0 22.4 14.9 19.5 13.0 1.0 .4 10 387 87 13 389 87

1976 71 ------------------- 425 52 538 100.0 16.0 13.0 22.6 14.6 19.4 13.0 1.0 .4 10 177 92 13 099 87

1975 70 ------------------- 686 50 628 100.0 15.9 13.0 22.9 15.1 19.0 12.8 .9 .2 10 095 98 12 800 81

19744 ------------------ 69 666 49 757 100.0 16.8 13.3 22.7 13.7 19.9 12.3 1.0 .3 9 895 106 12 797 88

1973 68 ------------------- 605 47 526 100.0 16.7 14.8 21.6 13.8 19.0 12.8 1.0 .3 9 584 110 12 884 80

1972 67 ------------------- 815 45 594 100.0 17.8 14.1 20.9 14.1 19.0 12.7 1.0 .3 9 329 120 12 835 85

1Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

2Implementation of Hispanic population controls.

3Implementation of 1980 census population controls.

4Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

5Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Income data for persons of Hispanic origin are not available prior to 1972.

6Based on 1990 census adjusted populaton controls.

7Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer~assisted interviewing; earnings limits increased to $999,999; Social Security limits increased to $49,999; SSI and public

assistance limits increased to $24,999; Veterans’ Benefits limits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony limits decreased to $49,999. 8Introduction of new, 1990 census sample design.

B~16
Appendix C.

Source and Accuracy of Estimates

SOURCES OF DATA

Most estimates in this report come from data obtained

in March of years 1968 through 1997 in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). The U.S. Census Bureau

conducts the survey every month, although this report

uses only March data for its estimates. The March

survey uses two sets of questions, the basic CPS and

the supplement.

Data from various sources were used in developing

alternative measures of income and poverty for 1996.

Specifically, data from the American Housing Survey

(AHS), the Income Survey Development Program (ISDP),

and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) were combined

with CPS data to create simulations of taxes paid,

number of tax filing units, adjusted gross income, and

other tax characteristics for the March 1997 CPS.

In addition, this report uses the State Tax Handbook

from Commerce Clearing House as information sources

for tax data. For noncash valuation estimates, this report

uses data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture

(USDA), the Health Care FinancingAdministration (HCFA),

and the Department of Housing and Urban Development

(HUD).

A description of sources of data from which these

estimates were derived follows. Except for the CPS,

these descriptions are brief. See Current Population

Reports, Series P60-186RD, Measuring the Effect of

Benefits and Taxes on Income and Poverty: 1992, and

publications on the appropriate surveys for more details.

American Housing Survey. The U. S. Census Bureau

collects housing data for the Department of Housing and

Urban Development. The population covered by the

sample for the AHS, which was called the Annual

Housing Survey before 1984, includes all housing units

in the United States. A structure must meet specific

criteria developed by the U.S. Census Bureau before it

is termed a housing unit. For a more detailed description

of the sample design, see the report Current Housing

Reports, Series H150-89, The American Housing Survey for the United States in 1989, U.S. Department of

Commerce.

The AHS is no longer conducted in even-numbered

years, so property tax estimates in this report are based

on the 1993 AHS. Also, for the noncash estimates, 1985

AHS data were used in a model to estimate the value of

public housing. For more details on the AHS model used

to estimate public and subsidized housing values, please

see appendix B of Current Population Reports, Series

P60-186RD, Measuring the Effect of Benefits and Taxes

on Income and Poverty: 1992.

Income Survey Development Program. The ISDP

was the research and development phase for the Survey

of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). The ISDP

was used to examine and resolve design, operational,

and technical issues for SIPP. The household sample for

the 1979 ISDP was a nationwide multiple frame sample.

The majority of sample households in the ISDP came

from addresses contacted in the 1976 Survey of Income

and Education. The remainder of sample households

were selected from a reserve file of sample cases

maintained by the U.S. Census Bureau. For a more

detailed description of this sample design, see the report

Wage and Salary Data From the Income Survey Development Program: 1979 (Preliminary Data From Interview Period One), Current Population Reports, Special

Studies, Series P-23, No. 118.

Internal Revenue Service data. Much of the IRS data

in this report come from the Statistics of Income (SOI)

series, in particular the SOI Bulletin Individual Income

Tax Returns, Preliminary Data: 1995, Spring 1997. This

report, based on a sample drawn from all tax returns

filed in 1996, presents information on taxpayers’ incomes,

exemptions, deductions, credits, and taxes.

Data from other sources. Information on State tax

systems is published in State Tax Handbook, October 1,

1991, from Commerce Clearing House, and has been

updated to reflect changes in State income tax rates.

Much of the data on cash and noncash benefits are

from administrative records. Values of school lunches

and food stamps are from USDA unpublished data.

Medicaid and medicare data come from HCFA unpublished records. Also, USDA and HUD data are used to

compute medicaid and medicare values. For more details,

see appendix B of Current Population Reports, Series

P60-186RD, Measuring the Effect of Benefits and Taxes

on Income and Poverty: 1992.

Basic CPS. The basic CPS collects primarily labor

force data about the civilian noninstitutional population.

Field representatives ask questions concerning labor

force participation about each member 15 years old and

over in every sample household.

C–1
The CPS sample includes coverage in all 50 States

and the District of Columbia. The sample is continually

updated to account for new residential construction. The

United States was divided into 2,007 geographic areas.

In most States, a geographic area consisted of a county

or several contiguous counties. In some areas of New

England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are used

instead of counties. A total of 754 geographic areas were

selected for sample. About 50,000 occupied households

are eligible for interview every month. Field representatives are unable to obtain interviews at about 3,200 of

these units. This occurs when the occupants are not

found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for

some other reason.

Since the introduction of the CPS, the U.S. Census

Bureau has redesigned the CPS sample several times.

These redesigns have improved the quality and accuracy of the data and have satisfied changing data needs.

The most recent changes due to the 1990 census-based

redesign were completely implemented in July 1995.

Table C–1 summarizes changes in the CPS designs

for the years for which data appear in this report.

CPS March supplement. In addition to the basic CPS

questions, field representatives asked supplementary

questions in March about money income received the

previous calendar year.

To obtain more reliable data for the Hispanic-origin

population, the March CPS sample was increased by

about 2,500 eligible housing units, interviewed the previous November, that contained at least one sample

person of Hispanic origin.1 In addition, the sample

included persons in the armed forces living off post or

with their families on post.

CPS estimation procedure. This survey’s estimation

procedure inflates weighted sample results to independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population

of the United States by state, age, sex, race, and

Hispanic/non-Hispanic categories.

The independent estimates were based on:

x The 1990 Census of Population and Housing.

x An adjustment for undercoverage in the 1990 census.

x Statistics on births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.

x Statistics on the size of the armed forces.

The independent population estimates used for 1994

(1993 for income estimates) and later were based on

updates to controls established by the 1990 decennial

census. Data previous to 1994 were based on independent population estimates from the latest available decennial census data. The estimation procedure for the

March supplement included a further adjustment so

husband and wife of a household received the same

weight.

The estimates in this report for 1983 (from March

1984 CPS) and later also employ a revised survey

weighting procedure for persons of Hispanic origin. In

previous years, weighted sample results were inflated to

independent estimates of the noninstitutional population

by age, sex, and race. There was no specific control of

the survey estimates for the Hispanic population. Since

then, the Census Bureau developed independent population controls for the Hispanic population by sex and

detailed age groups. Revised weighting procedures

incorporate these new controls. The independent population estimates include some, but not all, undocumented immigrants.

ACCURACY OF ESTIMATES

Since the CPS estimates come from a sample, they

may differ from figures from a complete census using the

same questionnaires, instructions, and enumerators. A

sample survey estimate has two possible types of error:

nonsampling and sampling. The accuracy of an estimate

depends on both types of error, but the full extent of the

nonsampling error is unknown. Consequently, one should

be particularly careful when interpreting results based

on a relatively small number of cases or on small

differences between estimates. The standard errors for

CPS estimates primarily indicate the magnitude of sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of

some nonsampling errors in responses and enumeration, but do not measure systematic biases in the data.

(Bias is the average over all possible samples of the

differences between the sample estimates and the desired

value.)

1

The information on the Hispanic population shown in this report

was collected in the 50 States and the District of Columbia, and

therefore, does not include residents of Puerto Rico.

Table C–1. Description of the March Current

Population Survey

Time period Number of

sample

areas

Housing units eligible1

Interviewed

Not

interviewed

1996 to 1997 . . . . . 754 46,800 3,200

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . 792 56,700 3,300

1990 to 1994 . . . . . 729 57,400 2,600

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . 729 53,600 2,500

1986 to 1988 . . . . . 729 57,000 2,500

1985............. 2

629/729 57,000 2,500

1982 to 1984 . . . . . 629 59,000 2,500

1980 to 1981 . . . . . 629 65,500 3,000

1977 to 1979 . . . . . 614 55,000 3,000

1973 to 1976 . . . . . 461 46,500 2,500

1972. . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 45,000 2,000

1968 to 1971 . . . . . 449 48,000 2,000

1

Excludes about 2,500 Hispanic households added from the previous November sample. (See ‘‘CPS March Supplement.’’) 2

The CPS was redesigned following the 1980 Census of Population and Housing. During phase-in of the new design, housing units

from the new and old designs were in the sample.

C–2
Nonsampling variability. Nonsampling errors can be

attributed to several sources including the following:

x Inability to obtain information about all cases in the

sample.

x Definitional difficulties.

x Differences in the interpretation of questions.

x Respondents’ inability or unwillingness to provide

correct information.

x Respondents’ inability to recall information.

x Errors made in data collection such as in recording or

coding the data.

x Errors made in processing the data.

x Errors made in estimating values for missing data.

x Failure to represent all units with the sample (undercoverage).

CPS undercoverage results from missed housing

units and missed persons within sample households.

Compared with the level of the 1990 decennial census,

overall CPS undercoverage is about 8 percent. Undercoverage varies with age, sex, and race. Generally,

undercoverage is larger for males than for females and

larger for Blacks and other races combined than for

Whites. As described previously, ratio estimation to

independent age-sex-race-Hispanic population controls

partially corrects for the bias due to undercoverage.

However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that

missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics from those of interviewed persons in the same

age-sex-race-Hispanic group.

A common measure of survey coverage is the coverage ratio, the estimated population before ratio adjustment divided by the independent population control.

Table C–2 shows CPS coverage ratios for age-sex-race

groups for a typical month. The CPS coverage ratios can

exhibit some variability from month to month, but these

are a typical set of coverage ratios.

Answers to questions about money income often

depend on the memory or knowledge of one person in a

household. Recall problems can cause underestimates

of income in survey data, because it is easy to forget

minor or irregular sources of income. Respondents may

also misunderstand what the Census Bureau considers

money income or may simply be unwilling to answer

these questions correctly because the questions are

considered too personal. See appendix C, Current Population Reports, Series P60-184, Money Income of Households, Families, and Persons in the United States: 1992

for more details.

For additional information on nonsampling error including the possible impact on CPS data when known, refer

to Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, An Error Profile:

Employment as Measured by the Current Population

Survey, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1978 and Technical Paper 40, The Current Population Survey: Design

and Methodology, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce.

Comparability of data. Data obtained from the CPS

and other sources are not entirely comparable. This

results from differences in field representative training

and experience and in differing survey processes. This

is an example of nonsampling variability not reflected in

the standard errors. Use caution when comparing results

from different sources.

A number of changes were made in data collection

and estimation procedures beginning with the January

1994 CPS. The major change was the use of a new

questionnaire. The questionnaire was redesigned to

measure the official labor force concepts more precisely,

to expand the amount of data available, to implement

Table C–2. March CPS Coverage Ratios

Age

Non-Black Black All persons

Male Female Male Female Male Female Total

0 to 14 years .......................... 0.942 0.951 0.880 0.904 0.932 0.943 0.937

15 to 19 years ......................... 0.864 0.910 0.885 0.751 0.867 0.884 0.876

20 to 24 years ......................... 0.823 0.877 0.707 0.757 0.808 0.859 0.834

25 to 29 years ......................... 0.863 0.919 0.755 0.810 0.850 0.903 0.877

30 to 34 years ......................... 0.880 0.950 0.671 0.833 0.855 0.934 0.895

35 to 44 years ......................... 0.899 0.940 0.684 0.863 0.875 0.930 0.903

45 to 54 years ......................... 0.938 0.961 0.778 0.953 0.923 0.960 0.942

55 to 64 years ......................... 0.932 0.953 0.834 0.929 0.923 0.951 0.938

65 to 74 years ......................... 0.932 0.977 0.939 0.958 0.932 0.975 0.956

75 years and older ..................... 1.019 1.008 0.910 0.961 1.011 1.004 1.007

15 years and older ..................... 0.902 0.945 0.767 0.858 0.887 0.934 0.912

0 years and older ...................... 0.911 0.946 0.802 0.871 0.898 0.936 0.917

C–3
several definitional changes, and to adapt to a computerassisted interviewing environment. The March supplemental income questions were also modified for adaptation to computer-assisted interviewing, although there

were no changes in definitions and concepts. Because

of these and other changes, one should use caution

when comparing estimates from data collected in 1994

or later years with estimates from earlier years.

Caution should also be used when comparing CPS

estimates in this report, which reflect 1990 censusbased population controls, with estimates for 1992 (from

March 1993 CPS) and earlier years, which reflect 1980

census-based population controls. This change in population controls had relatively little impact on summary

measures such as means, medians, and percentage

distributions, but did have a significant impact on levels.

For example, use of 1990-based population controls

results in about a 1-percent increase in the civilian

noninstitutional population and in the number of families

and households. Thus, estimates of levels for data

collected in 1993 and later years will differ from those

published for earlier years by more than what could be

attributed to actual changes in the population. These

differences could be disproportionately greater for certain subpopulation groups than for the total population.

Since no independent population control totals for

persons of Hispanic origin were used before 1983,

compare Hispanic estimates over time cautiously.

Based on the results of each decennial census, the

U.S. Census Bureau gradually introduces a new sample

design for the CPS. During this phase-in period, CPS

data are being collected from sample designs based on

different censuses. While most CPS estimates have

been unaffected by this mixed sample, geographic estimates are subject to greater error and variability. Users

should exercise caution when comparing estimates across

years for metropolitan/nonmetropolitan categories. For

more information, see Appendix C, Current Population

Reports, Series P60-193, Money Income in the United

States: 1995 (With Separate Data on Valuation of Noncash Benefits).

Table C–3. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome Characteristics: 1996

Characteristics

Total or White Black Hispanic

ababa b

ALL INCOME LEVELS

Persons

Total ...................................... -0.000012 2,454 -0.000120 2,810 -0.000148 2,810

Male ...................................... -0.000026 2,454 -0.000267 2,810 -0.000295 2,810

Female.................................... −0.000024 2,454 -0.000217 2,810 -0.000295 2,810

Age

15 to 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000061 2,454 -0.000513 2,810 -0.000378 2,810

25 to 44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000031 2,454 -0.000266 2,810 -0.000214 2,810

45 to 64. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000046 2,454 -0.000514 2,810 -0.000347 2,810

65 and over ............................... -0.000079 2,454 -0.001082 2,810 -0.000706 2,810

Households, Families, and Unrelated

Individuals

Total ...................................... -0.000013 2,241 -0.000119 2,447 -0.000210 2,447

Households with children under 18 ........... -0.000013 2,241 -0.000119 2,447 -0.000210 2,447

NONINCOME CHARACTERISTICS

Persons

Employment status ......................... -0.000018 2,985 -0.000125 3,139 -0.000165 3,139

Educational attainment...................... -0.000013 2,757 -0.000152 3,736 -0.000181 3,736

Total, Marital Status, Other

Some household members .................. -0.000019 5,211 -0.000221 7,486 -0.000263 7,486

All household members ..................... -0.000023 6,332 -0.000326 11,039 -0.000388 11,039

Households, Families, and Unrelated

Individuals

Total ...................................... -0.000012 2,068 -0.000077 1,871 -0.000155 1,871

Notes: To obtain parameters prior to 1996, multiply by the appropriate factor in table C–4.

The a and b parameters should be multiplied by 1.5 for nonmetropolitan residence categories.

For foreign-born characteristics for Total and White, the a and b parameters should be multiplied by 1.3. No adjustment is necessary

for foreign-born characteristics for Blacks and Hispanics.

For regional estimates, multiply the a and b parameters by 0.85, 1.03, 1.08, and 1.09 for Northeast, Midwest, South, and West,

respectively.

C–4
Note when using small estimates. Summary measures (such as medians, means, and percentage distributions) are shown only when the base is 75,000 or

greater. Because of the large standard errors involved,

summary measures would probably not reveal useful

information when computed on a smaller base. However, estimated numbers are shown even though the

relative standard errors of these numbers are larger than

those for corresponding percentages. These smaller

estimates permit combinations of the categories to suit

data users’ needs. Take care in the interpretation of

small differences. For instance, even a small amount of

nonsampling error can cause a borderline difference to

appear significant or not, thus distorting a seemingly

valid hypothesis test.

Estimation of median incomes. The methodology for

computing median income has been changed over the

past few years. The computations have been done using

either Pareto interpolation or linear interpolation. Currently, linear interpolation is used to estimate all medians. Pareto interpolation assumes a decreasing density

of population within an income interval; whereas, linear

interpolation assumes a constant density of population

within an income interval. Estimates of median income

for 1979 through 1987 and associated standard errors

have been calculated using Pareto interpolation if the

estimate is larger than $20,000 for persons or $40,000

for families and households. This is because the width of

the income interval containing the estimate is greater

than $2,500.

Estimates of median income for 1976, 1977, and

1978 and associated standard errors were calculated

using Pareto interpolation if the estimate was larger than

$12,000 for persons or $18,000 for families and households. This is because the width of the income interval

containing the estimate is greater than $1,000. All other

estimates of median income and associated standard

errors for 1976 through 1996 and almost all of the

estimates of median income and associated standard

errors for 1975 and earlier were calculated using linear

interpolation.

Thus, use caution when comparing median incomes

above $12,000 for persons or $18,000 for families and

households for different years. Median incomes below

those levels are more comparable from year to year

since they have always been calculated using linear

interpolation. For an indication of the comparability of

medians calculated using Pareto interpolation with medians calculated using linear interpolation, see Series

P-60, No. 114, Money Income in 1976 of Families and

Persons in the United States.

Sampling variability. Sampling variability is variation

that occurred by chance because a sample was surveyed rather than the entire population. Standard errors,

as calculated by methods described in ‘‘Standard Errors

and Their Use,’’ are primarily measures of sampling

variability, although they may include some nonsampling

error.

Standard errors and their use. A number of approximations are required to derive, at a moderate cost,

standard errors applicable to all the estimates in this

report. Instead of providing an individual standard error

for each estimate, two parameters, a and b, are provided

to calculate standard errors for each type of characteristic.

Table C–3 has CPS standard error parameters for

various types of characteristics. Table C–4 provides

factors to approximate CPS standard error parameters

for estimates prior to 1996. Table C–5 provides CPS

Hispanic parameters for estimates prior to 1984. Table

C–6 provides CPS Asian and Pacific Islander parameters for income and nonincome characteristics. Table

C–7 has the year-to-year CPS correlation coefficients for

income characteristics.

The sample estimate and its standard error enable

one to construct a confidence interval, a range that

would include the average result of all possible samples

with a known probability. For example, if all possible

samples were surveyed under essentially the same

general conditions and using the same sample design,

and if an estimate and its standard error were calculated

from each sample, then approximately 90 percent of the

intervals from 1.645 standard errors below the estimate

to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate would

include the average result of all possible samples.

A particular confidence interval may or may not

contain the average estimate derived from all possible

samples. However, one can say with specified confidence that the interval includes the average estimate

calculated from all possible samples.

Some statements in the report may contain estimates

followed by a number in parentheses. This number can

be added to and subtracted from the estimate to calculate upper and lower bounds of the 90-percent confidence interval. For example, if a statement contains the

Table C–4. CPS Factors to Apply to a and b Parameters for Estimates Prior to 1996

Characteristic Factor

NON-HISPANIC

1995 to 1996 ................................. 1.00

1989 to 1994 ................................. 0.92

1988 ......................................... 1.02

1981 to 1987 ................................. 0.86

1967 to 1980 ................................. 0.75

HISPANIC

1995 to 1996 ................................. 1.00

1989 to 1994 ................................. 0.92

1988 ......................................... 1.19

1984 to 1987 ................................. 0.86

C–5
phrase ‘‘grew by 1.7 (±1.0) percent,’’ the 90-percent

confidence interval for the estimate, 1.7 percent, is 0.7

percent to 2.7 percent.

Standard errors may also be used to perform hypothesis testing, a procedure for distinguishing between

population parameters using sample estimates. The

most common type of hypothesis appearing in this

report is that the population parameters are different. An

example of this would be comparing the median annual

income of Black families with the median annual income

of White families.

Tests may be performed at various levels of significance, where a significance level is the probability of

concluding that the characteristics are different when, in

fact, they are the same. All statements of comparison in

the text have passed a hypothesis test at the 0.10 level

of significance or better. This means that the absolute

value of the estimated difference between characteristics is greater than or equal to 1.645 times the standard

error of the difference.

Standard errors of estimated numbers. The approximate standard error, sx, of an estimated number shown

in this report can be obtained using the formula

sx 5 =ax2 1 bx (1)

Here x is the size of the estimate and a and b are the

parameters in table C–3 or C–6 associated with the

particular type of characteristic. When calculating

standard errors for numbers from cross-tabulations involving different characteristics, use the set of parameters

for the characteristic which will give the largest standard

error.

Table C–5. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome Characteristics of

Hispanics: 1972 to 1983

Characteristics

1972 - 1980 1981 - 1983

aba b

ALL INCOME LEVELS

Persons

Total .................................................. -0.000020 3,000 -0.000301 3,357

Male .................................................. -0.000043 3,000 -0.000615 3,357

Female ................................................ -0.000038 3,000 -0.000591 3,357

Age

15 to 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000080 3,000 -0.000961 3,357

25 to 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000065 3,000 -0.000668 3,357

45 to 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000077 3,000 -0.001459 3,357

65 and over............................................ -0.000147 3,000 -0.004124 3,357

Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X)

Households, Families, and Unrelated Individuals

Total .................................................. -0.000014 2,420 -0.000237 2,708

Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X)

Households with children under 18 ....................... -0.000014 2,420 -0.000237 2,708

NONINCOME CHARACTERISTICS

Persons

Employment status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X)

Educational attainment .................................. -0.000015 2,344 -0.000152 2,623

Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X)

Total, Marital Status, Other

Some household members .............................. -0.000026 5,069 -0.000294 5,673

All household members ................................. -0.000044 10,199 -0.000592 11,414

Households, Families, and Unrelated Individuals

Total .................................................. -0.000020 1,626 -0.000022 1,820

Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X)

X Not applicable.

Note: The a and b parameters should be multiplied by 1.5 for nonmetropolitan residence categories. Income data for Hispanics were not

published before 1972.

C–6
Illustration. There were 70,241,000 family households in

1997. Use the appropriate parameters from table C–3

and formula (1) to get

Estimate, x 70,241,000

a parameter -0.000012

b parameter 2,068

Standard error 293,000

90% confidence interval 69,759,000 to 70,723,000

The standard error is calculated as

sx 5 =~20.000012! ~70,241,000!

2 1 ~2,068! ~70,241,000! 5 293,000

The 90-percent confidence interval for the estimated

number of family households in 1997 is calculated as

70,241,000 ± 1.645 x 293,000.

A conclusion that the average estimate derived from

all possible samples lies within a range computed in this

way would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all

possible samples.

Standard errors of estimated percentages. The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed using

sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends

on the size of the percentage and its base. Estimated

percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerators of the percentages, particularly if the percentages are 50 percent or

more. When the numerator and denominator of the

percentage are in different categories, use the parameter from table C–3 or C–6 indicated by the numerator.

The approximate standard error, sx,p, of an estimated

percentage can be obtained using the formula

sx,p 5 Î b

x p~100 2 p! (2)

Here x is the total number of persons, families, households, or unrelated individuals which is the base of the

percentage, p is the percentage (0 ≤ p ≤ 100), and b is

the parameter in table C–3 or C–6 associated with the

characteristic in the numerator of the percentage.

Illustration. There were 12,790,000 or 18.2 percent of

the 70,241,000 family households maintained by female

householders with no husband present. Use the appropriate parameter from table C–3 and formula (2) to get

Estimate, p 18.2

Base, x 70,241,000

b parameter 2,068

Standard error 0.2

90% confidence interval 17.9 to 18.5

The standard error is calculated as

sx,p 5 Î 2,068

70,241,000 ~18.2! ~100.0 2 18.2! 5 0.2

The 90-percent confidence interval for the estimated

percentage of family households that were maintained

by female householders with no husband present is

calculated as 18.2 ± 1.645 x 0.2.

Table C–6. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome Characteristics of Asian and Pacific

Islanders: 1996

Characteristics a b

ALL INCOME LEVELS

Persons ..................................................................... -0.000327 2,810

Households, families, and unrelated individuals .................................. -0.000352 2,447

NONINCOME CHARACTERISTICS

Persons

Total, marital status, other

Some household members .................................................... -0.000626 7,486

All household members ....................................................... -0.000923 11,039

Households, families, and unrelated individuals .............................. -0.000197 1,871

Note: To obtain parameters prior to 1996, multiply by the appropriate factor in table C–4. Income data for Asian and Pacific Islanders were not

collected prior to 1988.

Table C–7. CPS Year-to-Year Correlation

Coefficients for Income Estimates:

1960 to 1996

Characteristics

Persons

Families,

households,

and unrelated individuals

Total ............................. 0.30 0.35

White ............................... 0.30 0.35

Black ............................... 0.30 0.35

Other races.......................... 0.30 0.35

Hispanic1 ........................... 0.45 0.55

1

Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

Note: These correlations are for comparisons of consecutive years.

For comparisons of nonconsecutive years, assume the correlations

are zero. For Asian and Pacific Islanders, use the correlation coefficient for total.

C–7
Standard error of a difference. The standard error of

the difference between two sample estimates is approximately equal to

sx2y 5 =sx

2 1 sy2 2 2rsxsy (3)

where sx and sy are the standard errors of the estimates,

x and y. The estimates can be numbers, percentages,

ratios, etc. The correlation coefficient, r, can be determined from table C–7 for year-to-year comparisons for

CPS income estimates of numbers and proportions.

This will represent the actual standard error quite accurately for the difference between estimates of the same

characteristic in two different areas, or for the difference

between separate and uncorrelated characteristics in

the same area. However, if there is a high positive

(negative) correlation between the two characteristics,

the formula will overestimate (underestimate) the true

standard error.

Illustration. The median income of all male year-round,

full-time workers in 1996, x, was $33,538 and the

median income of all female year-round, full-time workers in 1996, y, was $24,935. The apparent difference

between the median income of males and females in

1996 was $8,603. The approximate standard errors, sx

and sy, are $267 and $149, respectively. Use formula (3)

with r = 0 to get

x y difference

Estimate $33,538 $24,935 $8,603

Standard error $267 $149 $306

90% confidence

interval

$33,099 to

$33,977

$24,690 to

$25,180

$8,100 to

$9,106

The standard error of the difference is calculated as

sx2y 5 =~267!

2 1 ~149!2 5 306

The 90-percent confidence interval for the estimated

difference between the median income of male and

female year-round, full-time workers in 1996 is

calculated as $8,603 ± 1.645 x $306. Because this

interval does not contain zero, we can conclude with

90-percent confidence that the median income of male

year-round, full-time workers in 1996 was larger than the

median income of female year-round, full-time workers

in 1996.

Standard error of a ratio. Certain estimates may be

calculated as the ratio of two numbers. The standard

error of a ratio, x/y, may be computed using

sx/y 5 x

y Î[

sx

x ]

2

1[

sy

y ]

2

– 2r

sxsy

xy (4)

The standard error of the numerator, sx, and that of the

denominator, sy, may be calculated using formulas

described earlier.

In formula (4), r represents the correlation between

the numerator and the denominator of the estimate.

For one type of ratio, the denominator is a count of

families or households and the numerator is a count of

persons in those families or households with a certain

characteristic. If there is at least one person with the

characteristic in every family or household, use 0.7 as

an estimate of r. An example of this type is the mean

number of children per family with children.

For all other types of ratios, r is assumed to be zero.

If r is actually positive (negative), then this procedure will

provide an overestimate (underestimate) of the standard

error of the ratio. Examples of this type are the mean

number of children per family and the family poverty

rate.

NOTE: For estimates expressed as the ratio of x per

100 y or x per 1,000 y, multiply formula (4) by 100 or

1,000, respectively, to obtain the standard error.

Illustration. The median earnings for year-round, fulltime female workers in 1996, x, was $23,710 and the

median earnings for year-round, full-time male workers

in 1996, y, was $32,144. The ratio of the median

earnings is 0.74. The approximate standard errors, sx

and sy, are $166 and $114, respectively. Using formula

(4) with r = 0 to get

x y ratio

Estimate $23,710 $32,144 .74

Standard error $166 $114 .0058

90% confidence

interval

$23,437 to

$23,983

$31,956 to

$32,332

0.73 to

0.75

The standard error is calculated as

sx/y 5 23,710

32,144 Î[ 16623,710]

2

1 [ 114

32,144]

2

5 .0058

The 90-percent confidence interval for the ratio of the

median earnings for year-round, full-time female workers to the median earnings for year-round, full-time male

workers is calculated as .74 ± 1.645 x 0.0058.

Standard errors of other estimates. Standard errors

for most estimates are either provided in the tables, or a

formula is included showing how to calculate them.

Standard errors are provided for the means and medians of the published income distributions and do not

need to be calculated by the user. For information on

calculating other standard errors, contact Genny Burns

at e-mail address: Geneva.A.Burns@ccmail.census.gov.

C–8