1 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

California Environmental Protection Agency 

 AIR RESOURCES BOARD 

CALIFORNIA 2015 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL CRITERIA POLLUTANT EXHAUST 

EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES AND 2017 AND SUBSEQUENT 

MODEL GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES 

Adopted: March 22, 2012 

Amended: December 6, 2012 

Note: The proposed amendments to this document are shown in underline to indicate additions 

and strikeout to indicate deletions compared to the test procedures as adopted March 22, 2012. 

[No change] indicates proposed federal provisions that are also proposed for incorporation herein 

without change. Existing intervening text that is not amended in this rulemaking is indicated by 

“* * * *”. 

 
2 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

* * * * 

CALIFORNIA 2015 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL CRITERIA POLLUTANT EXHAUST 

EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES AND 2017 AND SUBSEQUENT 

MODEL GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR 

PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES

* * * * 

PART I: GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTIFICATION AND IN-USE 

VERIFICATION OF EMISSIONS 

A. General Applicability 

1. §86.1801 Applicability. 

1.1 §86.1801-12. October 15, 2012 [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and 

subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75361 

(December 1, 2011)]. Amend as follows: 

* * * * 

B. Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations 

1. §86.1803 Definitions. 

1.1 §86.1803-01. October 15, 2012 [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and 

subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75361 

(December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except as otherwise noted below.] 

2. California Definitions. 

* * * * 

 “EPA Vehicle Simulation Tool" means the "EPA Vehicle Simulation Tool" as 

incorporated by reference in 40 CFR §86.1 in the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for EPA’s 

2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Program, as proposed November 16, 2011 

[Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as 

proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75357 (December 1, 2011)], which is incorporated by reference 

in section 1961.2, title 13, CCR. 

* * * * 
3 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

“Federal Tier II emission Bin 3 or Bin 4” means the federal Tier II emission Bin 3 or 

Bin 4, set forth in 40 CFR §86.1811-04 (February 26, 2007). 

* * * * 

“Full-size pickup truck” means a light-duty truck that has a passenger compartment and 

an open cargo box and which meets the following specifications: 

1. A minimum cargo bed width between the wheelhouses of 48 inches, measured as 

the minimum lateral distance between the limiting interferences (pass-through) of the 

wheelhouses. The measurement shall exclude the transitional arc, local protrusions, and 

depressions or pockets, if present. An open cargo box means a vehicle where the cargo box 

does not have a permanent roof or cover. Vehicles sold produced with detachable covers are 

considered “open” for the purposes of these criteria. 

2. A minimum open cargo box length of 60 inches, where the length is defined by 

the lesser of the pickup bed length at the top of the body and the pickup bed length at the 

floor, where the length at the top of the body is defined as the longitudinal distance from the 

inside front of the pickup bed to the inside of the closed endgate as measured at the height of 

the top of the open pickup bed cargo floor surface along vehicle centerline, and the length at 

the floor is defined as the longitudinal distance from the inside front of the pickup bed to the 

inside of the closed endgate as measured at the cargo floor surface along vehicle centerline. 

3. A minimum towing capability of 5,000 pounds, where minimum towing 

capability is determined by subtracting the gross vehicle weight rating from the gross 

combined weight rating, or a minimum payload capability of 1,700 pounds, where minimum 

payload capability is determined by subtracting the curb weight from the gross vehicle 

weight rating. 

* * * * 

 

“Methane Reactivity Adjustment Factor” means a factor applied to the mass of 

methane emissions from natural gas fueled vehicles for the purpose of determining the gasoline 

equivalent ozone-forming potential of the methane emissions. 

* * * * 

“2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program” or “2012 through 2016 MY 

National greenhouse gas final rule” means the national program that applies to new 2012 through 

2016 model year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles as adopted 

by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on April 1, 2010 (75 Fed. Reg. 25324, 25677 (May 7, 

2010)), as incorporated in and amended by these test procedures. 
4 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

“2017 through 2025 MY National greenhouse gas program” or “2017 through 2025 

MY National greenhouse gas final rule” means the national program that applies to new 2017 

through 2025 model year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles 

as adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as codified in 40 CFR Part 86, Subpart 

S, as incorporated in and amended by these test procedures. 

“Natural gas vehicle” means any motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be 

operated using either compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas. 

* * * * 

“Small volume manufacturer” means any manufacturer that meets the “small volume 

manufacturer” definition as set forth in section 1900, title 13, CCR. whose projected or 

combined California sales of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles, heavyduty vehicles and heavy-duty engines in its product line are fewer than 4,500 units based on the 

average number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a 

manufacturer seeks certification. A manufacturer's California sales shall consist of all vehicles 

or engines produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that 

vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another 

manufacturer under the other manufacturer's nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the 

marketing manufacturer. 

Except as provided in the last paragraph of this definition, for the 2015 through 2017 

model years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations: 

(1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 10% or greater part owned by 

another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership 

of 10% or more in each of the firms; or (3) vehicles produced by two or more firms having a 

common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; 

or (4) vehicles imported or distributed by any firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the 

same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity. 

Except as provided in the last paragraph of this definition, for the 2018 and subsequent 

model years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations: 

(1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 33.4% or greater part owned by 

another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership 

of 33.4% or more in each of the firms; or (3) vehicles produced by two or more firms having a 

common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; 

or (4) vehicles imported or distributed by any firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the 

same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity. 

For the purposes of this paragraph, all manufacturers whose annual sales are aggregated 

together under the provisions of this definition shall be defined as “related manufacturers.” 

Notwithstanding such aggregation, the Executive Officer may make a determination of 

operational independence if all of the following criteria are met for at least 24 months preceding 

the application submittal: (1) for the three years preceding the year in which the initial 

application is submitted, the average California sales for the applicant does not exceed 4,500 

vehicles per year; (2) no financial or other support of economic value is provided by related 

manufacturers for purposes of design, parts procurement, R&D and production facilities and 

operation, and any other transactions between related manufacturers are conducted under normal 
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As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

commercial arrangements like those conducted with other parties, at competitive pricing rates to 

the manufacturer; (3) related manufacturers maintain separate and independent research and 

development, testing, and production facilities; (4) related manufacturers do not use any vehicle 

powertrains or platforms developed or produced by related manufacturers; (5) patents are not 

held jointly with related manufacturers; (6) related manufacturers maintain separate business 

administration, legal, purchasing, sales, and marketing departments, as well as autonomous 

decision-making on commercial matters; (7) the overlap of the Board of Directors between 

related manufacturers is limited to 25% with no sharing of top operational management, 

including president, chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and chief operating officer, 

and provided that no individual overlapping director or combination of overlapping directors 

exercises exclusive management control over either or both companies; and (8) parts or 

components supply between related companies must be established through open market process, 

and to the extent that the manufacturer sells parts/components to non-related manufacturers, it 

does so through the open market a competitive pricing. Any manufacturer applying for 

operational independence must submit to ARB an Attestation Engagement from an independent 

certified public accountant or firm of such accountants verifying the accuracy of the information 

contained in the application, as defined by and in accordance with the procedures established in 

40 C.F.R. §80.125, as last amended January 19, 2007, which is incorporated by reference in 

section 1900, title 13, CCR. The applicant must submit information to update any of the above 

eight criteria as material changes to any of the criteria occur. If there are no material changes to 

any of the criteria, the applicant must certify that to the Executive Officer annually. With respect 

to any such changes, the Executive Officer may consider extraordinary conditions (e.g., changes 

to economic conditions, unanticipated market changes, etc.) and may continue to find the 

applicant to be operationally independent. In the event that a manufacturer loses eligibility as a 

“small volume manufacturer” after a material change occurs, the manufacturer must begin 

compliance with the primary emissions program in the third model year after the model year in 

which the manufacturer loses its eligibility. The Executive Officer may, in his or her discretion, 

re-establish lost “small volume manufacturer” status if the manufacturer shows that it has met the 

operational independence criteria for three consecutive years. 

* * * * 

 “Subconfiguration” means a unique combination within a vehicle configuration that 

meets the criteria in 40 CFR §600.002-08 (October 15, 2012). 

* * * * 

D. §86.1810 General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions; waivers 

1. §86.1810-09. July 6, 2011 October 15, 2012 Amend §86.1810-09 as follows: 

This section applies to model year 2015 and later light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, 

and medium-duty vehicles fueled by gasoline, diesel, methanol, ethanol, natural gas and 

liquefied petroleum gas fuels. Multi-fueled vehicles (including bi-fueled, dual-fueled and 

flexible-fueled vehicles) shall comply with all requirements established for each consumed fuel 
6 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

(or blend of fuels in the case of flexible-fueled vehicles). This section also applies to hybrid 

electric vehicles. The standards of this subpart apply to both certification and in-use vehicles 

unless otherwise indicated. 

* * * * 

 (p) Amend as follows: For gasoline and diesel-fueled LEV II and LEV III vehicles, 

manufacturers may measure non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in lieu of NMOG. For 

LEV II vehicles that are certified using the California Gasoline Fuel Specifications set forth 

in Part II, section 100.3.1.1, manufacturers must multiply NMHC measurements by an 

adjustment factor of 1.04 before comparing with the NMOG standard to determine 

compliance with the standard. For LEV III vehicles and LEV II vehicles that are certified 

using the California Gasoline Fuel Specifications set forth in Part II, section 100.3.1.2, 

manufacturers must multiply NMHC measurements by an adjustment factor of 1.10 before 

adding it to the measured NOx emissions and comparing with the NMOG+NOx standard to 

determine compliance with that standard. For LEV III vehicles and LEV II vehicles that are 

certified using a gasoline fuel that contains an ethanol content greater than that allowed by 

the California Gasoline Fuel Specifications set forth in Part II, section 100.3.1.2 and less than 

or equal to 25 percent ethanol, the adjustment factor that must be used to demonstrate 

compliance with this paragraph is calculated using the following formula: 

Adjustment factor = 1.0302 + 0.0071 x volume percent fuel ethanol 

where the value for the “volume percent fuel ethanol” used in this formula is 15 if the 

gasoline contains 15 percent ethanol, the “volume percent fuel ethanol” used in this formula 

is 20 if the gasoline contains 20 percent ethanol, etc. Manufacturers must multiply NMHC 

measurements by this calculated adjustment factor before adding it to the measured NOx 

emissions and comparing with the NMOG+NOx standard to determine compliance with that 

standard. Manufacturers may use other factors to adjust NMHC results to more properly 

represent NMOG results. Such factors must be based upon comparative testing of NMOG 

and NMHC emissions and be approved in advance by the Administrator. 

* * * * 

E. California Exhaust Emission Standards. 

* * * * 

1. Exhaust Emission Standards. 

1.1 FTP Exhaust Emission Standards for Light- and Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

The exhaust emission standards set forth in this section refer to the exhaust emitted over 

the driving schedule set forth in title 40, CFR Part 86, Subparts B and C, except as amended in 

these test procedures. 

1.1.1 LEV II Exhaust Standards. The following LEV II standards are the 

maximum exhaust emissions for the intermediate and full useful life from new 2015 through 

2019 model year LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs, including fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and dual fuel 
7 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

vehicles when operating on the gaseous or alcohol fuel they are designed to use, except that 

for the 2015 through 2019 model years, SULEV exhaust standards shall only apply to 

vehicles that receive partial zero-emission vehicle credits according to the criteria set forth in 

section C.3 of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 

through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger 

Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” or the “California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission 

Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and MediumDuty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.2, title 13, CCR. Vehicles 

that are certified to the particulate standards in section E.1.1.2.1 may not certify to LEV II 

standards. 

2015 – 2019 model-year LEV II LEV vehicles may be certified to the 150,000 mile 

NMOG+NOx emission standards numerical values for LEV160, LEV395, or LEV630, as 

applicable, in section E.1.1.2 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in 

section E.1.4.2, in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in this 

section E.1.1.1 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.1; and 

LEV II ULEV vehicles may be certified to the 150,000 mile NMOG+NOx emission 

standards numerical values for ULEV125, ULEV340, or ULEV570, as applicable, in section 

E.1.1.2 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.2, in lieu of 

the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in this section E.1.1.1 and the 

corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.1.; and LEV II SULEV 

vehicles may be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for SULEV30, SULEV170, 

or SULEV230, as applicable, in section E.1.1.2 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx 

numerical values in section E.1.4.2, in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission 

standards in this section E.1.1.1 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in 

section E.1.4.1. 2015 – 2019 model-year LEV II SULEV vehicles that receive a partial ZEV 

allowance in accordance with the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and 

2015 – 2016 model year vehicles that are allowed to certify to LEV II SULEV standards 

using “carryover” of emission test data under the provisions in section E.2.2 may be certified 

to the 150,000 mile NMOG+NOx emission standards for SULEV30, SULEV170, or 

SULEV230, as applicable, in section E.1.1.2 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical 

values in section E.1.4.2, in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards 

in this section E.1.1.1 and the corresponding NMOG numerical values in section E.1.4.1. 

LEV II SULEV vehicles that do not either (1) receive a partial ZEV allowance or (2) certify 

to LEV II SULEV standards in the 2015 – 2016 model years using “carryover” of emission 

test data may not certify to combined NMOG+NOx standards. LEV II vehicles that certify to 

combined NMOG+NOx standards will be treated as LEV II vehicles for purposes of the 

fleet-wide phase-in requirements. 

* * * * 

1.1.2 LEV III Exhaust Standards. The following standards are the maximum 

exhaust emissions for the full useful life from new 2015 and subsequent model year “LEV 
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As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

III” passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles, including fuel-flexible, bifuel and dual fuel vehicles when operating on both of the fuels they are designed to use. 

Before the 2015 model year, a manufacturer that produces vehicles meeting these standards 

has the option of certifying the vehicles to the standards, in which case the vehicles will be 

treated as LEV III vehicles for purposes of the fleet-wide phase-in requirements. All 

medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than or equal to 10,000 lbs. 

GVW, including incomplete Otto-cycle medium-duty vehicles and medium-duty vehicles 

that use diesel cycle engines, must be certified to the LEV III chassis standards and test 

procedures set forth in this section E.1.1.2 in 2020 and subsequent model years. 

LEV III Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2015 and Subsequent Model 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles

Vehicle Type Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis (mi) 

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category2

NMOG + 

Oxides of 

Nitrogen 

(g/mi) 

Carbon 

Monoxide 

(g/mi) 

Formaldehyde 

(mg/mi) 

 Particulates1

(g/mi) 

All PCs; 

LDTs 8500 lbs. GVWR or 

less; and 

MDPVs 

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their loaded 

vehicle weight 

150,000 

LEV160 0.160 4.2 4 0.01

ULEV125 0.125 2.1 4 0.01

ULEV70 0.070 1.7 4 0.01

ULEV50 0.050 1.7 4 0.01

SULEV30 0.030 1.0 4 0.01 

SULEV20 0.020 1.0 4 0.01 

MDVs 

8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR, 

excluding MDPVs 

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their adjusted 

loaded vehicle weight 

150,000 

LEV395 0.395 6.4 6 0.12 

ULEV340 0.340 3.26.4 6 0.06 

ULEV250 0.250 2.6.4 6 0.06

ULEV200 0.200 2.64.2 6 0.06

SULEV170 0.170 1.54.2 6 0.06

SULEV150 0.150 1.53.2 6 0.06

MDVs 

10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR 

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their adjusted 

loaded vehicle weight 

150,000 

LEV630 0.630 7.3 6 0.12

ULEV570 0.570 3.7.3 6 0.06

ULEV400 0.400 3.07.3 6 0.06

ULEV270 0.270 3.04.2 6 0.06

SULEV230 0.230 1.74.2 6 0.06

SULEV200 0.200 1.73.7 6 0.06

1

 These standards shall apply only to vehicles not included in the phase-in of the particulate standards set forth in Section 

E.1.1.2.1. 

2

 The numeric portion of the category name is the NMOG+NOx value in thousandths of grams per mile.
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As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

* * * * 

1.1.2.1 LEV III Particulate Standards. 

1.1.2.1.1 Particulate Standards for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, 

and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. Beginning in the 2017 model year, a 

manufacturer, except a small volume manufacturer, shall certify a percentage of its 

passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty passenger vehicle fleet to the 

following particulate standards according to the following phase-in schedule. These 

standards represent the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful life. All 

vehicles certifying to these particulate standards must certify to the LEV III exhaust 

emission standards set forth in section E.1.1.2. 

* * * * 

1.1.2.1.4 Alternative Phase-in Schedule for Particulate Standards. 

1.1.2.1.4.1 Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the 3 mg/mi Particulate 

Standard for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles. A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to 

comply with the 3 mg/mi particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as 

equivalent PM emission reductions are achieved by the 2021 model year from 

passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model 

year emission reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the percent of 

PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles meeting the 3 mg/mi particulate standard in a given 

model year (based on a manufacturer's projected sales volume of vehicles in each 

category) by 5 for the 2017 model year, 4 for the 2018 model year, 3 for the 2019 

model year, 2 for the 2020 model year, and 1 for the 2021 model year. The yearly 

results for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together to determine a 

cumulative total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. In the 2021 model year, tThe 

cumulative total must be equal to or greater than 490, and 100 percent of the 

manufacturer’s passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger 

vehicles must be certified to the 3 mg/mi particulate standard, in the 2021 model 

year to be considered equivalent. A manufacturer may add vehicles introduced 

before the 2017 model year (e.g., the percent of vehicles introduced in 2016 

would be multiplied by 5) to the cumulative total. 

1.1.2.1.4.2 Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the 1 mg/mi Particulate 

Standard for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles. A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to 

comply with the 1 mg/mi particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as 

equivalent PM emission reductions are achieved by the 2028 model year from 

passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model 

year emission reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the percent of 

PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles meeting the 1 mg/mi particulate standard in a given 

model year (based on a manufacturer's projected sales volume of vehicles in each 

category) by 4 for the 2025 model year, 3 for the 2026 model year, 2 for the 2027 
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As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

model year, and 1 for the 2028 model year. The yearly results for 

PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together to determine a cumulative 

total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. In the 2028 model year, tThe cumulative 

total must be equal to or greater than 500 and 100 percent of the manufacturer’s 

passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles must be 

certified to the 1 mg/mi particulate standard in the 2028 model year to be 

considered equivalent. A manufacturer may add vehicles introduced before the 

2025 model year (e.g., the percent of vehicles introduced in 2024 would be 

multiplied by 4) to the cumulative total. 

1.1.2.1.4.3 Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the Particulate 

Standards for Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than Medium-Duty Passenger 

Vehicles. A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to comply 

with the particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as equivalent PM 

emission reductions are achieved by the 2021 model year from medium-duty 

vehicles other than medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model year emission 

reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the total percent of MDVs certified 

to the 8 mg/mi PM standard or to the 10 mg/mi PM standard, as applicable, in a 

given model year (based on a manufacturer's projected sales volume of vehicles in 

each category) by 5 for the 2017 model year, 4 for the 2018 model year, 3 for the 

2019 model year, 2 for the 2020 model year, and 1 for the 2021 model year. The 

yearly results for MDVs shall be summed together to determine a cumulative total 

for MDVs. In the 2021 model year, tT he cumulative total must be equal to or 

greater than 490, and 100 percent of the manufacturer’s MDVs must be certified 

to the 8 mg/mi PM standard or to the 10 mg/mi PM standard, as applicable, in the 

2021 model year to be considered equivalent. A manufacturer may add vehicles 

introduced before the 2017 model year (e.g., the percent of vehicles introduced in 

2016 would be multiplied by 5) to the cumulative total. 

* * * * 

1.2 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (“SFTP”) Exhaust Emission 

Standards for Light- and Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

1.2.1 4,000-mile SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards for Light- and 

Medium-Duty Vehicles. The following standards represent the maximum SFTP exhaust 

emissions at 4,000 miles for 2015 through 2020 2021 model year passenger cars, and lightduty truck and medium-duty vehicles (less than 8,501 pounds gross vehicle weight rating) 

certifying to the LEV II exhaust emission standards in section E.1.1.1: 
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As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards for 

LEV II Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles1,2

Vehicle 

Type 

Gross Vehicle 

Weight Rating 

(lbs.) 

Test Weight3

(lbs.) 

US06 Test 

(g/mi) 

A/C Test 

(g/mi) 

NMHC + NOx CO NMHC + NOx CO 

PC All All 0.14 8.0 0.20 2.7 

LDT < 6000 lbs. 

0-3750 lbs. 0.14 8.0 0.20 2.7 

3751-5750 lbs. 0.25 10.5 0.27 3.5 

MDV 6,001-8,500 lbs. 

3751-5750 lbs. 0.40 10.5 0.31 3.5 

5751-8500 lbs. 0.60 11.8 0.44 4.0 

1

 For certification purposes, testing shall be conducted at 4000 miles ±250 miles or at the mileage determined by the 

manufacturer for emission-data vehicles.

2

 The following definitions apply for purposes of this SFTP standards table only: 

“LDT” (light-duty truck) is any motor vehicle rated at 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating or less, which is 

designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or is available with special 

features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use. 

“MDV” (medium-duty vehicle) is any motor vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 

6,000 pounds and less than 14,001 pounds, except passenger cars and light-duty trucks. Vehicles with a gross vehicle 

weight rating over 8,500 pounds are exempted from the requirements of this section E.1.2.1. 

3

 PCs and LDTs are tested at their loaded vehicle weight (curb weight plus 300 lbs.). MDVs are tested at their adjusted 

loaded vehicle weight (average of curb weight and GVWR).

1.2.2 150,000-mile SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards for Light- and 

Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

1.2.2.1 SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Emission Standards for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

Manufacturers shall certify 2015 and subsequent model year LEVs, ULEVs, and 

SULEVs in the PC, LDT, and MDPV classes to either the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO 

Stand-Alone Exhaust Emission Standards set forth in section E.1.2.2.1.1, or in 

accordance with the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Fleet-Average Requirements set forth in section E.1.2.2.1.2. A manufacturer may 

also certify 2014 model LEVs, ULEVs, or SULEVs in the PC, LDT, or MDPV classes to 

LEV III SFTP standards, in which case, the manufacturer shall be subject to the LEV III 

SFTP emission standards and requirements, including the sales-weighted fleet-average 

NMOG+NOx composite emission standard applicable to 2015 model vehicles if 

choosing to comply with the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Fleet-Average Requirements set forth in subsection E.1.2.2.1.2. The 

manufacturer shall notify the Executive Officer of its selected emission standard type in 

the Application for Certification of the first test group certifying to SFTP NMOG+NOx 

and CO emission standards on a 150,000 mile durability basis. Once an emission 

standard type for NMOG+NOx and CO is selected for a fleet, and the Executive Officer 
12 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

is notified of such selection, the selection must be kept through the 2025 model year for 

the entire fleet, which includes LEV II vehicles if selecting to comply with section 

E.1.2.2.1.2. The manufacturer may not change its selection until the 2026 model year. 

Test groups not certifying to the 150,000-mile SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission 

standards pursuant to this section E.1.2.2 shall be subject to the 4,000-mile SFTP 

NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards set forth in section E.1.2.1. 

* * * * 

1.2.2.1.2 SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust 

Emission Standards. For the 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer 

must certify LEV II and LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs, such that the 

manufacturer’s sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission 

value, does not exceed the applicable NMOG+NOx composite emission standard 

set forth in the following table. In addition, the CO composite emission value of 

any LEV III test group shall not exceed the CO composite emission standard set 

forth in the following table. SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the 

same gaseous or liquid fuel used for FTP certification. In the case of fuel-flexible 

vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III certification 

gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. 

For each test group subject to this subsection, manufacturers shall 

calculate a Composite Emission Value for NMOG+NOx and, for LEV III test 

groups, a separate Composite Emission Value for CO, using the following 

equation: 

Composite Emission Value = 0.28 x US06 + 0.37 x SC03 + 0.35 x FTP [Eq. 1] 

where “US06” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the US06 test; 

“SC03” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the SC03 test; and 

“FTP” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the FTP test. 

If no vehicles in a test group have air conditioning units, the FTP cycle 

emission value can be used in place of the SC03 value in Equation 1. To 

determine compliance with the SFTP NMOG+NOx composite emission standard 

applicable to the model year, manufacturers shall use a sales-weighted fleet 

average of the NMOG+NOx composite emission values of every applicable test 

group. The sales-weighted fleet average shall be calculated using a combination 

of carry-over and new certification SFTP composite emission values (converted to 

NMOG+NOx, as applicable). LEV II test groups will use their emission values in 

the fleet average calculation but will not be considered LEV III test groups. 

Compliance with the CO composite emission standard cannot be demonstrated 

through fleet averaging. The NMOG+NOx sales-weighted fleet-average 
13 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

composite emission value for the fleet and the CO composite emission value for 

each test group shall not exceed: 

 

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Emission Standards for 2015 and Subsequent Model 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles 

(g/mi) 1

Model Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025+

All PCs; 

LDTs 8,500 lbs. 

GVWR or less; 

and 

MDPVs3

Vehicles in this 

category are 

tested at their 

loaded vehicle 

weight (curb 

weight plus 300 

pounds) except 

LEV II vehicles, 

which are subject 

to the test 

weights specified 

in §1960.1(r), 

title 13, CCR. 

Sales-Weighted Fleet Average NMOG+NOx Composite Exhaust Emission Standards2, 

4,5,6

0.140 0.110 0.103 0.097 0.090 0.083 0.077 0.070 0.063 0.057 0.050 

CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standard7

4.2

1 Mileage for Compliance. All test groups certifying to LEV III FTP emission standards on a 150,000-mile durability 

basis shall also certify to the SFTP on a 150,000-mile durability basis, as tested in accordance with these test 

procedures. 2 Determining NMOG+NOx Composite Emission Values of LEV II Test Groups and Cleaner Federal Vehicles. For 

test groups certified to LEV II FTP emission standards, SFTP emission values shall be converted to NMOG+NOx 

and projected out to 120,000 miles or 150,000 miles (depending on LEV II FTP certification) using deterioration 

factors or aged components. NMHC emission values for the US06 and SC03 test cycles shall be converted to NMOG 

emission values by multiplying by a factor of 1.03. In lieu of deriving a deterioration factor specific to SFTP test 

cycles, carry-over LEV II test groups may use the applicable deterioration factor from the FTP cycle in order to 

determine the carry-over composite emission values for the purpose of the NMOG+NOx sales-weighted fleetaverage calculation. If an SFTP full-useful life emission value is used to comply with the LEV II SFTP 4k 

standards, that value may be used in the sales-weighted fleet-average without applying an additional deterioration 

factor. For federally-certified test groups certifying in California in accordance with Section H subparagraph 1.4, the 

full-useful life emission value used to comply with federal full-useful life SFTP requirements may be used in the 

sales-weighted fleet-average without applying an additional deterioration factor. In all cases, NMHC emission 

values for the US06 and SC03 test cycles shall be converted to NMOG emission values by multiplying by a factor of 

1.03. 3

 MDPVs are excluded from SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards and the sales-weighted fleet average 

until they are certified to LEV III FTP 150,000-mile NMOG+NOx and CO requirements. 4

 LEV III Ttest groups shall certify to bins in increments of 0.010 g/mi. Beginning with the 2018 model year, vehicles 

may not certify to bin values above a maximum of 0.180 g/mi. 5 Calculating the sales-weighted average for NMOG+NOx. For each model year, the manufacturer shall calculate its 

sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission value as follows. 
14 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

  

 











 







n

i

i

n

i

i i

number of vehicles in the test group

number of vehicles in the test group composite value of bin

1

1

where "n" = a manufacturer’s total number of PC, LDT, and, if applicable, MDPV certification bins, in a given 

model year including carry-over certification bins, certifying to SFTP composite emission standards in that model 

year; 

 “number of vehicles in the test group” = the number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale in California 

in the certification test group; and 

 "Composite Value of Bin" = the numerical value selected by the manufacturer for the certification bin that 

serves as the emission standard for the vehicles in the test group with respect to all testing for test groups 

certifying to SFTP on a 150,000-mile durability basis, and the SFTP carry-over composite emission value, as 

described in footnote 72 of this table, for carry-over LEV II test groups. 

* * * * 

1.7 Requirement to Generate Additional NMOG+NOx Fleet Average Credit.

A vehicle that is certified to the LEV III standards in section E.1.1.2, which does not 

generate a partial ZEV allocation according to the criteria set forth in section C.3 of the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model 

Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck 

and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” a 

manufacturer may subtract 5 mg/mi from the NMOG+NOx emission standard value set forth in 

section E.3.1.1 when calculating the manufacturer’s fleet average, provided that the 

manufacturer extends the performance and defects warranty period to 15 years or 150,000 miles, 

whichever occurs first, except that the time period is to be 10 years for a zero emission energy 

storage device (such as battery, ultracapacitor, or other electric storage device). 

* * * * 

2. Emission Standards Phase-In Requirements for Manufacturers. 

2.1 Fleet Average NMOG + NOx Requirements for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

2.1.1 The fleet average non-methane organic gas plus oxides of nitrogen exhaust 

mass emission values from the passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger 

vehicles produced and delivered for sale in California each model year by a manufacturer 

other than a small volume manufacturer shall not exceed: 

[Eq. 2] 
15 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

FLEET AVERAGE NON-METHANE ORGANIC GAS 

PLUS OXIDES OF NITROGEN EXHAUST MASS EMISSION 

REQUIREMENTS FOR PASSENGER CARS, 

LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY PASSENGER 

VEHICLES

(150,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis) 

Model Year Fleet Average NMOG + NOx 

(g/mi) 

 All PCs; 

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW

LDTs 

 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. 

GVWR; 

All MDPVs 

20141 0.107 0.128 

2015 0.100 0.119 

2016 0.093 0.110 

2017 0.086 0.101 

2018 0.079 0.092 

2019 0.072 0.083 

2020 0.065 0.074 

2021 0.058 0.065 

2022 0.051 0.056 

2023 0.044 0.047 

2024 0.037 0.038 

2025+ 0.030 0.030 

1 For the 2014 model year, a manufacturer may comply with the fleet average NMOG+NOx values in this table in 

lieu of complying with the NMOG fleet average values in the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2009 through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” A manufacturer 

must either comply with the NMOG+NOx fleet average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV 

fleet or comply with the NMOG fleet average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet. A 

manufacturer must calculate its fleet average NMOG+NOx values using the applicable full useful life standards. 

* * * * 

 2.1.1.2 PZEVs Anti-Backsliding Requirement. In the 2018 and subsequent 

model years, a manufacturer must produce and deliver for sale in California a minimum 

percentage of its passenger car and light-duty truck fleet that certifies to SULEV30 and 

SULEV20 standards. This minimum percentage must be equal to the average percentage 

of PZEVs produced and deliver for sale in California for that manufacturer for the 2015 

through 2017 model year. A manufacturer may calculate this average percentage using 
16 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

the projected sales for these model years in lieu of actual sales. The percentage of a 

manufacturer’s passenger car and light-duty truck fleet that certifies to SULEV30 and 

SULEV20 standards averaged across the applicable model year and the two previous 

model years shall be used to determine compliance with this requirement, beginning with 

the 2020 model year. 

* * * * 

 2.1.4 Treatment of ZEVs. ZEVs classified as LDTs (>3750 lbs. LVW) that 

have been counted toward the ZEV requirement for PCs and LDTs (0-3750 lbs. LVW) as 

specified in section C of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model ZeroEmission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and 

Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” shall be included in this equation as LDT1s in the 

calculation of a fleet average NMOG+NOx value. 

* * * * 

2.4 Implementation Schedules for SFTP Emission Standards. 

2.4.1 Phase-In Requirement for PC, LDT, and MDPV Manufacturers. A 

test group certifying to LEV III FTP emission categories on a 150,000-mile durability basis 

shall also certify to SFTP requirements on a 150,000-mile durability basis. 

Manufacturers shall have two options for phase in to the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO 

emission standards. 

* * * * 

 (b) Under Option 2, for 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer 

shall certify its fleet of PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs such that the manufacturer’s salesweighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission value and each test group’s CO 

composite emission value does not exceed the applicable composite emission standards 

in effect for that model year in accordance with section E.1.2.2.1.2. During the 150,000-

mile durability phase-in, the sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite 

emission value shall be calculated using a combination of carry-over values and newcertification values. Carry-over test groups shall convert values to NMOG+NOx and 

may use the applicable deterioration factor from the FTP cycle in lieu of deriving a 

deterioration factor specific to SFTP test cycles. Any vehicle certified to SFTP 

requirements on a 150,000-mile durability basis shall be subject to the applicable 

emission standards for the full useful life of that vehicle. Compliance with the CO 

composite emission standard cannot be demonstrated through fleet averaging. 
17 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

Beginning with the 2017 model year, a manufacturer shall certify its PCs, LDTs, and 

MDPVs certifying to LEV III FTP PM emission standards on a 150,000-mile durability 

basis to the SFTP PM emission standards in section E.1.2.2.2. 

* * * * 

 

 2.5 Greenhouse Gas Requirements for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles.

* * * * 

2.5.1 Fleet Average Carbon Dioxide Requirements for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. For the purpose of determining compliance 

with this section E.2.5, the applicable fleet average CO2 mass emissions standards for each 

model year is the sales-weighted average of the calculated CO2 exhaust mass emission target 

values for each manufacturer. For each model year, the sales-weighted fleet average CO2

mass emissions value shall not exceed the sales-weighted average of the calculated CO2

exhaust mass emission target values for that manufacturer. 

* * * * 

2.5.1.3 Calculation of Fleet Average Carbon Dioxide Standards. For each model 

year, a manufacturer must comply with its fleet average CO2 standards for passenger cars 

and for light-duty trucks plus medium-duty passenger vehicles, as applicable, calculated 

for that model year as follows. A manufacturer shall calculate separate fleet average CO2

values for its passenger car fleet and for its combined light-duty truck plus medium-duty 

passenger vehicle fleet. 

* * * * 

2.5.1.3.4 Optional Compliance Via the 2017 through 2025 MY National 

Greenhouse Gas Program.

For the 2017 through 2025 model years, a manufacturer may elect to demonstrate 

compliance with section E.2.5 by demonstrating compliance with the 2017 through 

2025 MY National greenhouse gas program as follows: 

2.5.1.3.4.1 A manufacturer that selects compliance with this option 

must notify the Executive Officer of that selection, in writing, prior to the start of 

the applicable model year or must comply with section E.2.5; 

2.5.1.3.4.2 The manufacturer must submit to ARB all data that it 

submits to EPA in accordance with the reporting requirements as required under 40 

CFR §86.1865-12, for demonstrating compliance with the 2017 through 2025 MY 

National greenhouse gas program and the EPA determination of compliance. All 

such data must be submitted within 30 days of receipt of the EPA determination of 
18 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

compliance for each model year that a manufacturer selects compliance with this 

option; 

2.5.1.3.4.3 The manufacturer must provide to the Executive Officer 

separate values for the number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale in 

California, the District of Columbia, and each individual state that has adopted 

California's greenhouse gas emission standards for that model year pursuant to 

Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507), the applicable fleet 

average CO2 standards for each of these model types and footprint values, the 

calculated fleet average CO2 value for each of these model types and footprint 

values, and all values used in calculating the fleet average CO2 values. 

* * * * 

2.5.3 Alternative Fleet Average Standards for Manufacturers with Limited U.S. 

Sales. Manufacturers meeting the criteria in this section E.2.5.3 may request that the 

Executive Officer establish alternative fleet average CO2 standards that would apply instead 

of the standards in section E.2.5.1. The provisions of this section E.2.5.3 are applicable only 

to the 2017 and subsequent model years. 

* * * * 

2.5.3.3 How to Request Alternative Fleet Average Standards. Eligible 

manufacturers may petition for alternative standards for up to five consecutive model 

years if sufficient information is available on which to base such standards. 

* * * * 

 2.5.3.3.4. A manufacturer may elect to petition for alternative standards 

under this section E. 2.5.3.3 by submitting to ARB a copy of the data and information 

submitted to EPA as required under 40 CFR §86.1818-12 (g) (October 15, 2012), as 

incorporated by reference herein, and the EPA approval of the manufacturer’s request for 

alternative fleet average standards for the 2017 through 2025 MY National Greenhouse 

Gas Program. 

* * * * 

2.5.6 Credits for Reduction of Air Conditioning Direct Emissions. Manufacturers 

may generate A/C Direct Emissions Credits by implementing specific air conditioning 

system technologies designed to reduce air conditioning direct emissions over the useful life 

of their vehicles. A manufacturer may only use an A/C Direct Emissions Credit for vehicles 

within a model type upon approval of the A/C Direct Emissions Credit for that model type by 

the Executive Officer. The conditions and requirements for obtaining approval of an A/C 

Direct Emissions Credit are described below. 

* * * * 
19 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

2.5.6.3 The calculation of A/C Direct Emissions Credit depends on the refrigerant 

or type of system, and is defined in paragraphs E. 2.5.6.3.1, E. 2.5.6.3.2, and E. 2.5.6.3.3. 

2.5.6.3.1 HFC-134a vapor compression systems 

For A/C systems that use HFC-134a refrigerant, the A/C Direct Emissions 

Credit shall be calculated using the following formula: 

/ (1 ) Avg LR

LR A C Direct Credit  Direct Credit Baseline 

Where: 

Direct Credit Baseline = 12.6 gCO2e/mi for passenger cars; 

Direct Credit Baseline = 15.6 gCO2e/mi for light-duty trucks and mediumduty passenger vehicles; 

Avg LR = 16.6 grams/year for passenger cars; 

Avg LR = 20.7 grams/year for light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger 

vehicles; 

LR = the larger of SAE LR or Min LR; 

Where: 

SAE LR = initial leak rate evaluated using SAE International’s Surface 

Vehicle Standard SAE J2727 (Revised February 2012 August 2008) incorporated by 

reference in section 1961.2, title 13, CCR; 

Min LR = 8.3 grams/year for passenger car A/C systems with belt-driven 

compressors; 

Min LR = 10.4 grams/year for light-duty truck and medium-duty passenger 

vehicle A/C systems with belt-driven compressors; 

Min LR = 4.1 grams/year for passenger car A/C systems with electric 

compressors; 

Min LR = 5.2 grams/year for light-duty truck and medium-duty passenger 

vehicle A/C systems with electric compressors. 

Note: Initial leak rate is the rate of refrigerant leakage from a newly manufactured 

A/C system in grams of refrigerant per year. The Executive Officer may allow a 

manufacturer to use an updated version of the August 2008 version of SAE J2727 or 

an alternate method if s/he determines that the updated SAE J2727 or the alternate 

method provides more accurate estimates of the initial leak rate of A/C systems than 

the February 2012 August 2008 version of SAE J2727 does. 

 

2.5.6.3.2 Low-GWP vapor compression systems 

For A/C systems that use a refrigerant having a GWP of 150 or less, the 

A/C Direct Emissions Credit shall be calculated using the following formula: 
20 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

A/C Direct Credit  Low GWP Credit  High Leak Penalty

Where: 

) 1,430 (1 GWP Low GWP Credit  Max Low GWP Credit  

, 

and 

















  

 





0, if .

, if ;

, if ;

SAE LR Min LR

Min LR SAE LR Avg LR

AvgLR Min LR

SAE LR Min LR Max HighLeak Penalty

Max HighLeak Penalty SAE LR Avg LR

HighLeak Penalty

Where: 

Max Low GWP Credit = 13.8 gCO2e/mi for passenger cars; 

Max Low GWP Credit = 17.2 gCO2e/mi for light-duty trucks and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles; 

GWP = the global warming potential of the refrigerant over a 100-year horizon, as 

specified in section E.2.5.6.6; 

Max High Leak Penalty = 1.8 gCO2e/mi for passenger cars; 

Max High Leak Penalty = 2.1 gCO2e/mi for light-duty trucks and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles; 

Avg LR = 13.1 g/yr for passenger cars; 

Avg LR = 16.6 g/yr for light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles; 

and where: 

SAE LR = initial leak rate evaluated using SAE International’s Surface Vehicle 

Standard SAE J2727 (Revised February 2012 August 2008); 

Min LR = 8.3 g/yr for passenger cars; 

Min LR = 10.4 g/yr for light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles. 

Note: Initial leak rate is the rate of refrigerant leakage from a newly manufactured A/C 

system in grams of refrigerant per year. The Executive Officer may allow a manufacturer 

to use an updated version of SAE J2727 or an alternate applicable test method if s/he finds 

the update or the alternate method provides more accurate estimates of the initial leak rate 

of A/C systems than the February 2012 August 2008version of SAE J2727 does. 

* * * * 
21 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

2.5.7 Credits for Improving Air Conditioning System Efficiency. Manufacturers 

may generate CO2 credits by implementing specific air conditioning system technologies 

designed to reduce air conditioning-related CO2 emissions over the useful life of their 

passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and/or medium-duty passenger vehicles. Credits shall be 

calculated according to this section E.2.5.7 for each air conditioning system that the 

manufacturer is using to generate CO2 credits. The eligibility requirements specified in 

section E.2.5.7.5 must be met before an air conditioning system is allowed to generate 

credits. 

* * * * 

2.5.7.5 For the purposes of this section E.2.5.7.5, the AC17 Test Procedure 

shall mean the AC17 Air Conditioning Efficiency Test Procedure set forth in 40 CFR 

§86.167-17, as amended by Part II, Section A.100.5.6 of these test procedures. 

* * * * 

2.5.10 Mid-Term Review of the 2022 through 2025 MY Standards. The Executive 

Officer shall conduct a mid-term review to re-evaluate the state of vehicle technology to 

determine whether any adjustments to the stringency of the 2022 through 2025 model year 

standards are appropriate. California’s mid-term review will be coordinated with its planned 

full participation in EPA’s mid-term evaluation as set forth in 40 CFR §86.1818-12 (h). 

* * * * 

3. Calculation of Credits/Debits 

3.1 Calculation of NMOG+NOx Credits/Debits 

* * * * 

3.1.1.2 In 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer that achieves 

fleet average NMOG+NOx values lower than the fleet average NMOG+NOx 

requirement for the corresponding model year shall receive credits in units of g/mi 

NMOG+NOx . A manufacturer with 2015 and subsequent model year fleet average 

NMOG+NOx values greater than the fleet average requirement for the corresponding 

model year shall receive debits in units of g/mi NMOG+NOx equal to the amount of 

negative credits determined by the aforementioned equation. The total g/mi 

NMOG+NOx credits or debits earned for PCs and LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW, for LDTs 

3751-5750 lbs. LVW and for LDTs 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVWR, and MDPVs 

shall be summed together. The resulting amount shall constitute the g/mi NMOG+NOx 

credits or debits accrued by the manufacturer for the model year. 

* * * * 
22 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

3.1.3 Procedure for Offsetting NMOG+NOx Debits.

* * * * 

3.1.3.2 For the 2015 and subsequent model years, tThe emission credits earned in 

any given model year shall retain full value through five subsequent model years. Credits 

will have no value if not used by the beginning of the sixth model year after being earned. 

* * * * 

3.2 Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Credits/Debits. 

Credits and debits that are earned as part of the 2012 through 2016 MY National 

greenhouse gas program shall not be applicable to California’s greenhouse gas program. 

* * * * 

3.2.4 Use of Greenhouse Gas Emission Credits to Offset a Manufacturer’s ZEV 

Obligations.

3.2.4.1 For a given model year, a manufacturer that has Greenhouse Gas 

credits remaining after equalizing all of its Greenhouse Gas debits may use those 

Greenhouse Gas credits to comply with its ZEV obligations for that model year, in 

accordance with the provisions set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.1, title 13, CCR, or the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model ZeroEmission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck 

and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.2, title 13, 

CCR. 

* * * * 

4. LEV III Criteria Pollutant Interim In-Use Compliance Standards. 

* * * * 

4.2 LEV III Particulate Interim In-Use Compliance Standards. 

4.2.1 LEV III Particulate Interim In-Use Compliance Standards for Passenger 

Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. For the 2017 through 

20210 model years, the interim in-use compliance standard for vehicles certifying to the 3 

mg/mi particulate standard is 6 mg/mi. For the 2025 through 2028 model years, the interim 

in-use compliance standard for vehicles certifying to the 1 mg/mi particulate standard is 2 

mg/mi. 
23 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

* * * * 

F. Requirements and Procedures for Durability Demonstration 

* * * * 

4. §86.1823 Durability demonstration procedures for exhaust emissions. 

* * * * 

4.2 §86.1823-08. October 15, 2012 [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and 

subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75371 

(December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except that subparagraph (m) applies only to vehicles 

certifying to the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program.] 

4.3 SFTP. These procedures are not applicable to vehicles certified to the SFTP 

standards set forth in section E.1.2.21. 

4.4 HEVs. A manufacturer shall consider expected customer usage as well as 

emissions deterioration when developing its durability demonstration for HEVs. 

4.5 Separate deterioration factors must be calculated and reported for NMOG 

emissions and for NOx emissions for each durability group. 

* * * * 

 

G. Procedures for Demonstration of Compliance with Emission Standards 

 

* * * * 

3. §86.1829 Durability data and emission data testing requirements; waivers. 

* * * * 

 

3.1 §86.1829-01. May 7, 2010 October 15, 2012. Amend as follows: 

* * * * 

 

11. §86.1837 Rounding of emission measurements. 

* * * * 

 

11.2 Fleet average NMOG+NOx value calculations shall be rounded, in accordance 

with ASTM E29-67, to four significant figures before comparing with fleet average 

NMOG+NOx requirements. 

* * * * 
24 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

H. Certification, Information and Reporting Requirements. 

1. §86.1841 Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of certification 

1.1 §86.1841-01. July 6, 2011. [No Change.] 

1.1.1 For vehicles operating on natural gas, the methane mass emission value 

shall be multiplied by 0.0047 (the methane reactivity adjustment factor) and added to the 

NMOG mass emission value and the NOx mass emission value. This result shall be 

compared to the NMOG+NOx exhaust emission standards to determine compliance with 

the standards. 

* * * * 

 1.4 Certification of a Federal Vehicle in California. 

 

* * * * 

 1.4.1 Except as noted in H.1.4.1.1 and H.1.4.1.2, iIf a federally-certified vehicle 

model is certified in California in accordance with subparagraph 1.4, the model shall be 

subject to the federal requirements for FTP exhaust emissions and cold CO emissions. The 

vehicle model shall be subject to all other California requirements including evaporative 

emissions, OBD II, SFTP emissions, 50oF exhaust emissions, highway NMOG+NOx 

emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, and emissions warranty. 

1.4.1.1 A vehicle certified to federal Tier II emission Bin 3 or Bin 4 is not 

required to meet California 50oF exhaust emissions requirements. 

1.4.1.2 If a federally-certified vehicle model is certified in California in 

accordance with subparagraph 1.4 based on a comparison of the sum of the 120,000 mile 

federal standards to the sum of the 120,000 mile LEV II NMOG and NOx standards, that 

federally-certified vehicle model shall be subject to the federal requirements for highway 

NOx and is not required to meet California highway NMOG+NOx emissions 

requirements. 

1.4.2 Prior to certification of a 2015 or subsequent model-year vehicle, a 

manufacturer must submit information sufficient to enable the Executive Officer to 

determine whether there is a federally-certified vehicle model for that model year that is 

equivalent to the California vehicle model based on the criteria listed in subparagraph 1.54. 

* * * * 

1.4.6 The tune up label shall meet the federal requirements applicable to such a 

vehicle with an additional sentence which reads: “This vehicle conforms to federal 

regulations and is certified for sale in California.” The value used in the California 

Environmental Performance Label shall be the California emission category to which the 

vehicle was deemed certified for fleet average NMOG+NOx purposes. 

* * * * 
25 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

3. §86.1843 General information requirements 

* * * * 

3.2 Alternative Fuel Information. 

For passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles not certified 

exclusively on gasoline or diesel, except for vehicles that use hydrogen fuel, the manufacturer 

shall submit projected California sales and fuel economy data nineteen months prior to January 1 

of the model year for which the vehicles are certified. For vehicles that use hydrogen fuel, the 

manufacturer shall submit projected California sales and leases, fuel economy data, vehicle fuel 

pressure rating, name of air basin(s) where vehicles will be delivered for sale or lease, and 

number of vehicles projected to be delivered to each air basin, thirty-three months prior to 

January 1 of the model year for which the vehicles are certified. 

* * * * 

I. In-Use Compliance Requirements and Procedures 

1. §86.1845 Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements. 

1.1 §86.1845-04. May 7, 2010. Amend as follows: 

* * * * 

1.1.3 High Mileage Testing. Amend subparagraph (c)(2) of 40 CFR §86.1845-

04 to read as follows: All test vehicles certified to the emission standards in Part I, Section 

E.1.1.1 of these procedures must have a minimum odometer mileage of 50,000 miles. At 

least one vehicle of each test group certified to the emission standards in Part I, Section 

E.1.1.1 of these procedures must have a minimum age and odometer mileage of 75,000 for 

light-duty vehicles and 90,000 miles for medium-duty vehicles. All test vehicles certified to 

the emission standards in Part I, Section E.1.1.2 of these test procedures must have a 

minimum age and odometer mileage of 112,500 105,000 miles. See §86.1838-01(c)(2) for 

small volume manufacturer mileage requirements. 

* * * * 

J. Procedural Requirements 

 

1. §86.1848-10 Certification. July 6, 2011 October 15, 2012. [No change.] 

* * * * 
26 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

13. §86.1865-12 How to comply with the fleet average CO2 standards. October 15, 2012 

[Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final 

Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75371 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change, 

except that this section shall only apply to vehicles certifying under the 2012 through 

2016 MY National greenhouse gas program.] 

14. §86.1866-12 CO2 fleet average credits for advanced technology vehicles programs. 

October 15, 2012 [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National 

Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75372 (December 1, 

2011)]. [No change, except that for the 2012 through 2016 model years this section shall 

only apply to vehicles certifying under the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse 

gas program.] 

15. §86.1867-12 Optional early CO2 credit programs. October 15, 2012 [Insert Federal 

Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as 

proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75387 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except that 

this section shall only apply to vehicles certifying under the 2012 through 2016 MY 

National greenhouse gas program.] 

PART II: CALIFORNIA EXHAUST AND PARTICULATE EMISSION TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES 

This part describes the equipment required and the procedures necessary to perform 

gaseous and particulate exhaust emission tests (40 CFR Part 86, Subpart B); cold temperature 

test procedures (40 CFR Part 86, Subpart C); the California 50oF test procedure; and the 

supplemental federal test procedure (40 CFR Part 86, Subpart B) on passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks and medium-duty vehicles. 

A. 40 CFR Part 86, Subpart B - Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year 

New Light-Duty Vehicles and New Light-Duty Trucks and New Otto-Cycle 

Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures. 

* * * * 

100.2 Equipment and Facility Requirements. 

* * * * 

 

86.111-94 Exhaust gas analytical-system. October 15, 2012 [Insert Federal Register for the 

2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 

Fed. Reg. 74854, 75357 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change.] 

* * * * 

 

100.5 Test Procedures and Data Requirements. 
27 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

* * * * 

86.135-12 Dynamometer procedure. October 15, 2012 [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 

and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. 

Reg. 74854, 75357 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change.] 

* * * * 

86.159-08 Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions. December 27, 2006. 

100.5.5 California exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions. 

* * * * 

 100.5.5.2 Delete subparagraph (b)(9) of §86.159-08 and replace with: 

During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan with a maximum 

discharge velocity of 15,000 cubic feet per minute or a road speed modulated fan as 

specified in §86.107–96(d)(1) may be used. The fan shall be positioned so as to direct 

cooling air to the vehicle in an appropriate manner. The engine compartment cover shall 

remain open if a fixed speed cooling fan is used and closed if a road speed modulated fan 

is used. In the case of vehicles with front engine compartments, the fan shall be squarely 

positioned within 24 inches (61 centimeters) of the vehicle. In the case of vehicles with 

rear engine compartments (or if special designs make the above impractical), the cooling 

fan shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air to maintain vehicle cooling. The 

Executive Officer may approve modified cooling configurations or additional cooling if 

necessary to satisfactorily perform the test. In approving requests for additional or 

modified cooling, the Executive Officer will consider such items as actual road cooling 

data and whether such additional cooling is needed to provide a representative test. 

100.5.5.3 Hot 1435 LA92 (Hot 1435 Unified Cycle) Test Procedure.

Amend §86.159-08 as follows: Add the following sentences: The exhaust PM 

emissions shall be measured using equivalent measurement techniques as those used to 

measure exhaust PM emissions on the FTP cycle except that provisions accounting for 

the cold start portion of the FTP cycle (including factors used to weight emission values 

from the different phases) shall be ignored. The NMOG, CO, NOx, and formaldehyde 

emissions shall be measured according to the US06 Test Procedure as set forth in Subpart 

B, 40 CFR 86.159-08 with the following modifications: 

* * * * 

2. Amend 40 CFR 86.159-08 as follows: 

* * * * 

2.2 Paragraph (b) 

 2.2.1 Subparagraphs (1) through (8) [No change.] 
28 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

 2.2.2 Delete subparagraph (9); replace with: Dynamometer activities. 

During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan with a 

maximum discharge velocity of 15,000 cubic feet per minute or a road 

speed modulated fan as specified in §86.107–96(d)(1) may be used. The 

fan shall be positioned so as to direct cooling air to the vehicle in an 

appropriate manner. The engine compartment cover shall remain open if a 

fixed speed cooling fan is used and closed if a road speed modulated fan is 

used. In the case of vehicles with front engine compartments, the fan shall 

be squarely positioned within 24 inches (61 centimeters) of the vehicle. In 

the case of vehicles with rear engine compartments (or if special designs 

make the above impractical), the cooling fan shall be placed in a position 

to provide sufficient air to maintain vehicle cooling. The Executive 

Officer may approve modified cooling configurations or additional 

cooling if necessary to satisfactorily perform the test. In approving 

requests for additional or modified cooling, the Executive Officer will 

consider such items as actual road cooling data and whether such 

additional cooling is needed to provide a representative test. 

2.3 Paragraph (c) through (f) [No change.] 

100.5.5.4 US06 Bag 2 Test Procedure.

Amend §86.159-08 as follows: Add the following sentences: The exhaust PM emissions 

shall be measured using equivalent measurement techniques as those used to measure 

exhaust PM emissions on the FTP cycle except that provisions accounting for the cold 

start portion of the FTP cycle (including factors used to weight emission values from the 

different phases) shall be ignored. The NMOG, CO, NOx, and formaldehyde emissions 

shall be measured according to the US06 Test Procedure as set forth in Subpart B, 40 

CFR §86.159-08 with the following modifications: 

 

* * * * 

 

2. Amend 40 CFR 86.159-08 as follows: 

* * * * 

2.2 Paragraph (b) 

2.2.1 Subparagraphs (1) through (8) [No change.] 

 2.2.2 Delete subparagraph (9); replace with: Dynamometer activities. 

During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan with a 

maximum discharge velocity of 15,000 cubic feet per minute or a road speed 

modulated fan as specified in § 86.107–96(d)(1) may be used. The fan shall be 

positioned so as to direct cooling air to the vehicle in an appropriate manner. The 

engine compartment cover shall remain open if a fixed speed cooling fan is used 

and closed if a road speed modulated fan is used. In the case of vehicles with 

front engine compartments, the fan shall be squarely positioned within 24 inches 

(61 centimeters) of the vehicle. In the case of vehicles with rear engine 

compartments (or if special designs make the above impractical), the cooling fan 
29 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air to maintain vehicle cooling. 

The Executive Officer may approve modified cooling configurations or additional 

cooling if necessary to satisfactorily perform the test. In approving requests for 

additional or modified cooling, the Executive Officer will consider such items as 

actual road cooling data and whether such additional cooling is needed to provide 

a representative test. 

2.3 Paragraph (c) through (f) [No change.] 

* * * * 

 86.165-12 Air Conditioning idle test procedure. October 15, 2012 [Insert Federal Register 

for the 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as 

proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75357 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except 

that for the 2016 model years, this section shall only apply to vehicles certifying 

under the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program.] 

86.166-12 Method for calculating emissions due to air conditioning leakage. [Insert Federal 

Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as 

proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75357 (December 1, 2011)]. [No change, except 

that this section shall only apply to vehicles certifying under the 2012 through 

2016 MY National greenhouse gas program.] 

86.167-17 AC17 Air Conditioning Efficiency Emissions Test Procedure. October 15, 2012 

[Insert Federal Register for the 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse 

Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 Fed. Reg. 74854, 75358 (December 1, 2011)]. 

[No change, except that for the 2012 through 2016 model years, this section shall 

only apply to vehicles certifying under the 2012 through 2016 MY National 

greenhouse gas program.] 

100.5.6 AC17 Air Conditioning Efficiency Test Procedure. 

1. Overview. The dynamometer operation consists of four elements: a preconditioning cycle, a 30-minute soak period under simulated solar heat, an SC03 drive 

cycle, and a Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET) drive cycle. The vehicle is 

preconditioned with the UDDS to bring the vehicle to a warmed-up stabilized condition. 

This preconditioning is followed by a 30 minute vehicle soak (engine off) that proceeds 

directly into the SC03 driving schedule, during which continuous proportional samples of 

gaseous emissions are collected for analysis. The SC03 driving schedule is followed 

immediately by the HWFET cycle, during which continuous proportional samples of 

gaseous emissions are collected for analysis. The entire test, including the 

preconditioning driving, vehicle soak, and SC03 and HWFET official test cycles, is 

conducted in an environmental test facility. The environmental test facility must be 

capable of providing the following nominal ambient test conditions of: 77 °F air 

temperature, 50 percent relative humidity, a solar heat load intensity of 850 W/m2, and 

vehicle cooling air flow proportional to vehicle speed. Section §86.161–00 discusses the 

minimum facility requirements and corresponding control tolerances for air conditioning 

ambient test conditions. The entire test sequence is run twice; with and without the 

vehicle's air conditioner operating during the SC03 and HFET test cycles. For gasoline-
30 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

fueled Otto-cycle vehicles, the composite samples collected in bags are analyzed for 

THC, CO, CO2, and CH4. For petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, THC is sampled 

and analyzed continuously according to the provisions of §86.110. Parallel bag samples 

of dilution air are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, and CH4. The following figure shows the 

basic sequence of the test procedure. 

 

2. Dynamometer requirements. 

2.1 Tests shall be run on a large single roll electric dynamometer or an 

equivalent dynamometer configuration that satisfies the requirements of §86.108–00. 

Time [min]

4 Hours

45

23

30

10

13

15

23

30

10

13

30

Drain and Fill

Preperation Cycle

Soak for 12 to 36 Hours

Preconditioning - EPA 74

Solar Soak

Bag 1 - SC03 - A/C ON

Vehicle/Site Preperation

Bag 2 - HWY - A/C ON

Soak

Preconditioning - EPA 74

Soak

Bag 3 - SC03 - A/C OFF

Bag 4 - HWY - A/C OFF

Analyze Data
31 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

2.2 Position (vehicle can be driven) the test vehicle on the dynamometer and 

restrain. 

2.3 Required dynamometer inertia weight class selections are determined by 

the test vehicle’s test weight basis and corresponding equivalent weight as listed in the 

tabular information of §86.129–00(a) and discussed in §86.129–00 (e) and (f). 

2.4 Set the dynamometer test inertia weight and roadload horsepower 

requirements for the test vehicle (see §86.129–00 (e) and (f)). The dynamometer's 

horsepower adjustment settings shall be set such that the force imposed during 

dynamometer operation matches actual road load force at all speeds. 

2.5 The vehicle speed as measured from the dynamometer rolls shall be used. 

A speed vs. time recording, as evidence of dynamometer test validity, shall be supplied at 

request of the Executive Officer. 

2.6 The drive wheel tires may be inflated up to a gauge pressure of 45 psi (310 

kPa), or the manufacturer's recommended pressure if higher than 45 psi, in order to 

prevent tire damage. The drive wheel tire pressure shall be reported with the test results. 

2.7 The driving distance, as measured by counting the number of 

dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, shall be determined for the test. 

2.8 Four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive vehicles may be tested either in a 

four-wheel drive or a two-wheel drive mode of operation. In order to test in the twowheel drive mode, four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive vehicles may have one set of 

drive wheels disengaged; four-wheel and all-wheel drive vehicles which can be shifted to 

a two-wheel mode by the driver may be tested in a two-wheel drive mode of operation. 

3. Test cell ambient conditions. 

3.1 Ambient air temperature. 

3.1.1 Ambient air temperature is controlled, within the test cell, during all 

phases of the test sequence to 77 ±2 °F on average and 77 ±5 °F as an instantaneous 

measurement. 

3.1.2 Air temperature is recorded continuously at a minimum of 30 second 

intervals. Records of cell air temperatures and values of average test temperatures are 

maintained by the manufacturer for all certification related programs. 

3.2 Ambient humidity. 

3.2.1 Ambient humidity is controlled, within the test cell, during all phases of 

the test sequence to an average of 69 ±5 grains of water/pound of dry air. 

3.2.2 Humidity is recorded continuously at a minimum of 30 second intervals. 

Records of cell humidity and values of average test humidity are maintained by the 

manufacturer for all certification related programs. 

3.3 Solar heat loading. The requirements of 86.161-00(d) regarding solar 

heat loading specifications shall apply. The solar load of 850 W/m2 is applied only 

during specified portions of the test sequence. 

4. Interior temperature measurement. The interior temperature of the 

vehicle shall be measured during the emission sampling phases of the test(s). 

4.1 Interior temperatures shall be measured by placement of thermocouples at 

the following locations: 

4.1.1 The outlet of the center duct on the dash. 
32 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

4.1.2 Behind the driver and passenger seat headrests. The location of the 

temperature measuring devices shall be 30 mm behind each headrest and 330 mm below 

the roof. 

4.2 The temperature at each location shall be recorded a minimum of every 5 

seconds. 

5. Air conditioning system settings. For the portion of the test where the 

air conditioner is required to be operating the settings shall be as follows: 

5.1 Automatic systems shall be set to automatic and the temperature control 

set to 72 °F. 

5.2 Manual systems shall be set at the start of the SC03 drive cycle to full cool 

with the fan on the highest setting and the airflow setting to “recirculation.” Within the 

first idle period of the SC03 drive cycle (186 to 204 seconds) the fan speed shall be 

reduced to the setting closest to 6 volts at the motor, the temperature setting shall be 

adjusted to provide 55 °F at the center dash air outlet, and the airflow setting changed to 

“outside air.” 

6. Vehicle and test activities. The AC17 air conditioning test in an 

environmental test cell is composed of the following sequence of activities. 

6.1 Drain and fill the vehicle's fuel tank to 40 percent capacity with test fuel. 

If a vehicle has gone through the drain and fuel sequence less than 72 hours previously 

and has remained under laboratory ambient temperature conditions, this drain and fill 

operation can be omitted (see §86.132–00(c)(2)(ii)). 

6.2.1 Position the variable speed cooling fan in front of the test vehicle with the 

vehicle's hood down. This air flow should provide representative cooling at the front of 

the test vehicle (air conditioning condenser and engine) during the driving cycles. See 

§86.161–00(e) for a discussion of cooling fan specifications. 

6.2.2 In the case of vehicles with rear engine compartments (or if this front 

location provides inadequate engine cooling), an additional cooling fan shall be placed in 

a position to provide sufficient air to maintain vehicle cooling. The fan capacity shall 

normally not exceed 5300 cfm (2.50 m3/s). If, however, it can be demonstrated that 

during road operation the vehicle receives additional cooling, and that such additional 

cooling is needed to provide a representative test, the fan capacity may be increased or 

additional fans used if approved in advance by the Executive Officer. 

6.3 Open all vehicle windows. 

6.4 Connect the emission test sampling system to the vehicle's exhaust tail 

pipe(s). 

6.5 Set the environmental test cell ambient test conditions to the conditions 

defined in paragraph (c) of this section, except that the solar heat shall be off. 

6.6 Set the air conditioning system controls to off. 

6.7 Start the vehicle (with air conditioning system off) and conduct a 

preconditioning EPA urban dynamometer driving cycle (§86.115). 

6.7.1 If engine stalling should occur during any air conditioning test cycle 

operation, follow the provisions of §86.136–90 (Engine starting and restarting). 

6.7.2 For manual transmission vehicles, the vehicle shall be shifted according 

the provisions of §86.128–00. 
33 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012

6.8 Following the preconditioning cycle, the test vehicle and cooling fan(s) 

are turned off, all windows are rolled up, and the vehicle is allowed to soak in the 

ambient conditions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section for 30 ±1 minutes. The solar heat 

system must be turned on and generating 850 W/m2 within 1 minute of turning the engine 

off. 

6.9 Air conditioning on test. 

6.9.1 Start engine (with air conditioning system also running). Fifteen seconds 

after the engine starts, place vehicle in gear. 

6.9.2 Eighteen seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial vehicle 

acceleration of the SC03 driving schedule. 

6.9.3 Operate the vehicle according to the SC03 driving schedule, as described 

in 40 CFR Part 86 Appendix I, paragraph (h), while sampling the exhaust gas. 

6.9.4 At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 594 seconds, 

simultaneously switch the sample flows from the SC03 bags and samples to the 

“HWFET” bags and samples, switch off gas flow measuring device No. 1, switch off the 

No. 1 petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon integrator, mark the petroleum-fueled diesel 

hydrocarbon recorder chart, and start gas flow measuring device No. 2, and start the 

petroleum-fueled diesel hydrocarbon integrator No. 2. 

6.9.5 Allow the vehicle to idle for 14-16 seconds. Before the end of this idle 

period, record the measured roll or shaft revolutions and reset the counter or switch to a 

second counter. As soon as possible transfer the SC03 exhaust and dilution air samples to 

the analytical system and process the samples according to §86.140 obtaining a stabilized 

reading of the bag exhaust sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the 

sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and formaldehyde sample analyses, 

if applicable, within 24 hours of the end of the sample collection phase of the test. 

6.9.6 Operate the vehicle according to the HWFET driving schedule, as 

described in 40 CFR 600.109-08, while sampling the exhaust gas. 

6.9.7 Turn the engine off 2 seconds after the end of the last deceleration. 

6.9.8 Five seconds after the engine stops running, simultaneously turn off gas 

flow measuring device No. 2 and if applicable, turn off the petroleum-fueled diesel 

hydrocarbon integrator No. 2, mark the hydrocarbon recorder chart, and position the 

sample selector valves to the “standby” position. Record the measured roll or shaft 

revolutions (both gas meter or flow measurement instrumentation readings), and re-set 

the counter. As soon as possible, transfer the HWFET exhaust and dilution air samples to 

the analytical system and process the samples according to §86.140, obtaining a 

stabilized reading of the exhaust bag sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end 

of the sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and formaldehyde sample 

analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end of the sample period. 

6.10 Air conditioning off test. The air conditioning off test is identical to the 

steps identified in paragraphs 6.1 through 6.9 of this section, except that the air 

conditioning system and fan speeds are set to complete off or the lowest. It is preferred 

that the air conditioning off test be conducted sequentially after the air conditioning on 

test, following a 10-15 minute soak. 

* * * *