1

Michael J. Astrue has been appointed to serve as Commissioner of Social

Security, and is substituted as the appellee pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate

Procedure 43(c)(2). 

United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

___________

No. 06-2139

___________

*

Marilyn J. Page, *

*

Plaintiff – Appellant, *

*

v. * Appeal from the United States

* District Court for the Eastern

Michael J. Astrue,1

 Commissioner, * District of Arkansas.

Social Security Administration, *

*

Defendant – Appellee. *

*

*

*

___________

Submitted: February 16, 2007 

Filed: April 26, 2007

___________

Before LOKEN, Chief Judge, GRUENDER, and BENTON, Circuit Judges.

___________

BENTON, Circuit Judge.
2

The Honorable John F. Forster, Jr., United States Magistrate Judge for the

Eastern District of Arkansas. 

-2-

Marilyn J. Page appeals the district court's2

 affirmance of the Commissioner's

denial of her application for disability insurance benefits and supplemental security

income. Having jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, this court affirms. 

I.

Page, born on November 24, 1958, has a general equivalency diploma with

some vocational training in billing. She worked as a forklift operator, products

packer, products assembly worker, factory "garment girl," and personal care aide for

the mentally ill. 

Page stopped working in January 1999, to care for her father. She became sick

while assisting him, and has not worked since. In December 2000, she applied for

disability insurance and supplemental security income benefits, alleging inability to

work due to a blood clot in the lungs. She later alleged that pain from her neck caused

weakness in her left side. After her applications were denied initially and on

reconsideration, she requested a hearing. 

On July 23, 2002, at the first hearing, Page claimed she had high blood

pressure, depression, and allergies. Her hypertension caused her breathing problems,

chest pain, dizziness, and headaches. She also alleged auditory and visual

hallucinations. She took medication to control her hypertension and depression. 

Page also testified about problems with her left shoulder, on which surgery was

performed about three weeks before the hearing. She claimed that on a scale of one

to ten, "I would rate it [the pain] about a six now." Page had no problems using the
-3-

right side of her body. She testified that she could occasionally lift five or ten pounds,

and frequently lift a jug of milk. 

The ALJ found that although Page had a "severe" impairment or combination

of impairments, her "allegations regarding her limitations are not totally credible," and

she was not disabled. On review, the Appeals Council remanded to the ALJ to further

evaluate her subjective complaints, residual functional capacity, and to obtain

additional evidence about Page's impairment. 

In December 2003, at the second hearing, Page testified to the same general

ailments, again emphasizing that her left shoulder caused her problems. On a scale

of one to ten, she rated the pain at a six. She acknowledged, however, "It don't hurt

constantly like it use to but it do hurt." Page said that she could lift ten pounds. 

Page had no mental treatment between the first and second hearings. Asked

whether any mental issues persisted, she answered: "Not as bad. I feel – I take the

medication only if, you know, I need it. . . . I don't, you know, hear or see anything but

I do be depressed." 

The ALJ again found Page's testimony "regarding the nature and severity of her

impairments and her ability to work is not totally credible." He evaluated her claim

using the five-step sequential analysis in the social security regulations. See 20

C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920. First, Page had not engaged in substantial gainful

activity since the onset of the alleged disability. Second, although the ALJ noted that

many of Page's impairments had been successfully treated, he found a combination

of physical impairments that were severe. The ALJ determined, however, that her

mental problems were non-severe because they "would result in at most" only a mild

limitation in her ability to perform activities of daily living. 
-4-

Third, the ALJ found "no evidence to show the existence of any impairment that

meets the criteria of any of the listed impairments." Fourth, he determined that Page

was precluded from performing past relevant work. The ALJ noted, however, that she

retained the residual functional capacity to occasionally lift or carry 20 pounds, and

frequently lift or carry 10 pounds. He determined that she could stand and/or walk six

to eight hours a workday, and sit six to eight hours a workday. According to the ALJ,

Page could engage in frequent, although not constant, reaching with her upper

extremities. 

At the fifth step, the ALJ found that based on Page's age, education, work

experience, and residual functional capacity, "she is able to make an adjustment to

other work that exists in significant numbers in the local, regional, and/or national

economy." The ALJ concluded that Page was not disabled. The Appeals Council

denied review, making the ALJ's decision the final decision of the Commissioner.

The district court affirmed. Page appeals. 

II.

"Our role on review is to determine whether the Commissioner's findings are

supported by substantial evidence in the record as a whole." Haggard v. Apfel, 175

F.3d 591, 594 (8th Cir. 1999), citing Clark v. Apfel, 141 F.3d 1253, 1255 (8th Cir.

1998). "Substantial evidence is relevant evidence which a reasonable mind would

accept as adequate to support the Commissioner's conclusion." Haggard, 175 F.3d

at 594. "The fact that some evidence may support a conclusion opposite from that

reached by the Commissioner does not alone permit our reversal of the

Commissioner's decision." Kelley v. Barnhart, 372 F.3d 958, 961 (8th Cir. 2004);

Travis v. Astrue, 477 F.3d 1037, 1040 (8th Cir. 2007); Cox v. Barnhart, 471 F.3d

902, 906 (8th Cir. 2006). 
-5-

Page first argues that the "residual functional capacity assessed by the

Commissioner with regard to Appellant's capacity to reach, lift and carry with the

upper extremities is not based upon substantial evidence in the record as a whole."

It is "the ALJ's responsibility to determine [claimant's] RFC based on all the relevant

evidence, including medical records, observations of treating physicians and others,

and [claimant's] own description of her limitations." Anderson v. Shalala, 51 F.3d

777, 779 (8th Cir. 1995); 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545-46, 416.945-46.

The RFC assessed by the ALJ is supported by substantial evidence. In May

2001, Page went to a rehab clinic, complaining of neck and shoulder pain. She was

treated with oral medications, steroid dose packs, and epidural steroid injection

therapy. By July, a rehab physician reported that Page's neck pain was resolved,

although some shoulder symptoms continued. 

In June 2002, Page went to an orthopaedic center, complaining of left-arm pain.

Dr. Charles A. Clark diagnosed impingement of the left shoulder. In July, he

performed surgery. In August, he concluded that Page's shoulder "has excellent

ROM, very little pain." In October, he noted that although Page had "tenderness

anterolaterally," she also had "excellent ROM, good strength." 

In March 2003, Page complained again about left-shoulder soreness and pain.

Dr. Clark provided steroid injection therapy and oral medication. He recommended

"a series of stretching and strengthening exercises." 

In December, asked about her shoulder at the second hearing, Page stated: "It

don't hurt constantly like it use to but it do hurt." Page also stated that she was righthanded, mostly working with her right hand. The state-agency doctor estimated that

Page was capable of lifting and carrying up to 50 pounds occasionally and 25 pounds

frequently. That doctor estimated her ability to stand or walk as six hours in an eighthour workday, with an unlimited ability to push and pull. 
-6-

The ALJ considered the medical evidence, Page's subjective complaints, and

other "demeanor evidence." Assessing her individual ability to do work-related

activities, the ALJ concluded that Page could engage in frequent (although not

constant) reaching with her upper extremities. See Harris v. Barnhart, 356 F.3d 926,

929 (8th Cir. 2004) ("The RFC is a function-by-function assessment of an individual's

ability to do work-related activities based upon all of the relevant evidence"), citing

Depover v. Barnhart, 349 F.3d 563, 565 (8th Cir. 2003). Based on the medical

evidence, the state-agency opinions, Page's subjective complaints, and her testimony

that "it don't hurt constantly like it used to," the RFC determined by the ALJ is

supported by substantial evidence. 

Page next argues that substantial evidence does not support the ALJ's finding

that her psychological limitations are non-severe. Step two of the regulations involves

a determination, based on the medical evidence, whether the claimant has an

impairment or combination of impairments that significantly limits the claimant's

ability to perform basic work activities. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(ii),

416.920(a)(4)(ii). "The sequential evaluation process may be terminated at step two

only when the claimant's impairment or combination of impairments would have no

more than a minimal impact on her ability to work." Caviness v. Massanari, 250 F.3d

603, 605 (8th Cir. 2001), citing Nguyen v. Chater, 75 F.3d 429, 430-31 (8th Cir.

1996). The Commissioner counters that Page's mental impairment was non-severe,

and her encounters with doctors were "linked primarily to obtain benefits, rather than

to obtain medical treatment." See Shannon v. Chater, 54 F.3d 484, 486 (8th Cir.

1995).

Page did not allege mental impairment in her disability application. At the first

administrative hearing, she claimed, "I hear things and I see things that's not there."

In January 2002, Dr. Elaine Wilson conducted a neurologic examination to assess the

claim of hallucinations. Dr. Wilson observed no neurological abnormality to explain

Page's claim. 
-7-

In March, Page had a mental evaluation. Tracy A. Harris, a primary therapist,

noted that Page was "self-referred," "never received mental health counseling or

psychiatric treatment in the past," and "is seeking disability and has been denied in the

past." Harris evaluated Page as logical and coherent, cooperative, congruent to

conversation, and apprehensive, with "no odd or bizarre behavior." With the

impression that Page had only an anxiety disorder, Harris referred her to a staff

psychiatrist. 

On March 20, 2002, a staff psychiatrist observed that Page had a "history of

having applied twice unsuccessfully for Social Security Disability for unrelated neck

and left shoulder discomfort," and that "Ms. Page has solicited an attorney in Hot

Springs to assist her in obtaining disability." The psychiatrist noted that although

Page's mood "is subjectively depressed," her conversation was "engaging,

spontaneous and appropriate." He found "no overt indication of delusions as Ms. Page

describes." 

At the second hearing, Page admitted having no mental treatment since the first

hearing. Asked whether mental issues persisted, Page said: "Not as bad. I feel – I

take the medication only if, you know, I need it. . . . I don't, you know, hear or see

anything but I do be depressed." See Shannon, 54 F.3d at 486 ("While not

dispositive, a failure to seek treatment may indicate the relative seriousness of a

medical problem"). Based on the medical opinions and record evidence, the ALJ's

conclusion that Page's mental-emotional nature is non-severe is supported by

substantial evidence.

Finally, Page argues that the ALJ erred in relying upon the testimony of the

vocational expert because the VE identified jobs that do not specify the frequency of

pushing and pulling. She contends that for the VE's testimony to be reliable, "the

definition of light work from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles must include the
-8-

ability to push and pull up to 10 pounds of force frequently." The issue is whether the

ALJ properly relied on the VE's testimony. 

Light work is defined by the DOT:

Exerting up to 20 pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 10

pounds of force frequently, and/or a negligible amount of force

constantly to move objects. . . . Even though the weight lifted may

be only a negligible amount, a job should be rated Light Work: (1)

when it requires walking or standing to a significant degree; or (2)

when it requires sitting most of the time but entails pushing and/or

pulling of arm or leg controls; and/or (3) when the job requires

working at a production rate pace entailing the constant pushing

and/or pulling of materials even though the weight of those

materials is negligible. 

The ALJ determined that Page could perform a significant range of light work.

He posed this hypothetical to the VE:

All right, please assume an individual 45 years of age with an

eighth grade education and a GED and the same past relevant

work as Ms. Page. Assume an ability to stand and walk six hours

out of an eight hour day; sit six hours out of an eight hour day, lift

and carry 20 pounds occasionally, 10 pounds frequently; but is

unable to work overhead with the non-dominant upper extremity

and can occasionally push and pull with the non-dominant upper

extremity; can frequently but not constantly reach with the nondominant upper extremity. 

Page does not dispute that the ALJ's hypothetical included her impairments and

was properly phrased. See Gilbert v. Apfel, 175 F.3d 602, 604 (8th Cir. 1999) ("In

posing hypothetical questions to a vocational expert, an ALJ must include all

impairments he finds supported by the administrative record"). The VE responded

that a hypothetical individual with the same characteristics as Page could work as a
-9-

cashier or as a machine-tender, with over two million cashier jobs and 250,000

machine-tender positions available nationally. 

The ALJ also asked the VE to consider a second hypothetical, where the

individual could perform sedentary work with the same left-arm restrictions.

"Sedentary work involves lifting no more than 10 pounds at a time and occasionally

lifting or carrying articles like docket files, ledgers, and small tools." 20 C.F.R. §

404.1567(a). The VE responded that such an individual could perform a multitude of

phone-related jobs such as solicitation and order-taker. Page does not contend that she

cannot perform the sedentary jobs identified. See Whitehouse v. Sullivan, 949 F.2d

1005, 1006 (8th Cir. 1991) ("Even though the expert did not specifically recite those

factors in his answers, the ALJ could properly assume that the expert framed his

answers based on the factors the ALJ told him to take into account"). Because the

ALJ's hypotheticals included all of Page's impairments supported by the record, and

the VE limited his opinion, the ALJ properly relied on his testimony. See Jones v.

Chater, 72 F.3d 81, 82 (8th Cir. 1995). 

Page cites Smith v. Shalala, 46 F.3d 45 (8th Cir. 1995). There, the "ALJ

determined that Smith could not lift more than 20 pounds" and "was missing most of

two fingers on his left hand and thus had a loss of finger dexterity and manipulation."

The VE, however, found jobs requiring the "ability to lift 20 to 50 pounds

occasionally," and "frequent fingering." Id. at 47. Because the ALJ determined that

Smith could do those jobs, this court remanded because "the vocational expert's

testimony in response to the ALJ's hypothetical questions is at odds with the DOT."

Id. In this case, the VE responded to a hypothetical specific to Page's facts, and there

was no conflict between the VE's testimony and the DOT. See Jones, 72 F.3d at 82

("Because the vocational expert specifically limited his opinion . . . his testimony was

a perfectly acceptable basis for the administrative law judge's conclusions").

 
-10-

Moreover, a claimant's "reliance on the DOT as a definitive authority on job

requirements is misplaced" because "DOT definitions are simply generic job

descriptions that offer the approximate maximum requirements for each position,

rather than their range." Wheeler v. Apfel, 224 F.3d 891, 897 (8th Cir. 2000), quoting

Hall v. Chater, 109 F.3d 1255, 1259 (8th Cir. 1997). In this case, as the ALJ properly

phrased the hypotheticals, he properly relied on the VE's testimony. See Haggard v.

Apfel, 175 F.3d 591, 595 (8th Cir. 1999) ("A vocational expert's testimony based on

a properly phrased hypothetical question constitutes substantial evidence").

III. 

The judgment of the district court is affirmed. 

______________________________