# Patent

## Title
Method for adjusting parameters of an electric motor and variable speed drive using such a method

## Abstract

The invention concerns a method for adjusting motor parameters in a variable speed drive intended to control an electric induction motor M. The method includes a step for determining differences ΔID and ΔIQ between motor flux current and motor torque current references and measurements, a step for calculating a correction value ΔRR of the rotor resistance and a correction value ΔLR of the rotor inductance from the integral terms of the differences ΔID and ΔIQ, a step for adjusting values of parameters of the motor model based on ΔLR and ΔRR, a step for generating control voltages UD and UQ to be applied to the motor M using said adjusted motor parameter values.

## Background
The present invention relates to a method for adjusting motor parameters in an electronic variable speed drive, of the frequency converter type, intended to monitor and control an electric induction motor. The invention also concerns a variable speed drive implementing such a method.
An electronic variable speed drive of the frequency converter type is responsible for controlling an induction motor, i.e. a motor having the Blondel-Park properties such as a three-phase asynchronous motor. The variable drive is powered by a fixed frequency electrical AC distribution network and delivers to the motor an AC feed with variable voltage and frequency, depending on the speed settings and on the requirements of the application. For this purpose, a variable speed drive includes a processing unit capable of driving control electronics by employing vector flux control.
To achieve good motor performance, the control of the variable speed drive must be based on a reliable representation of an electric model of the motor using a set of physical parameters. It is therefore necessary to know a certain amount of data that is representative of the characteristics of the motor in order to establish this model.
Some of this motor data is provided by the manufacturer of the electric motor to be controlled. This data is called basic data or sometimes “plate data” since it is usually inscribed on an identification plate fixed to the motor. It can also be provided in the motor's documentation.
However, not all the data needed to generate the model of the motor is provided with the motor and it is therefore necessary to estimate certain missing parameters by calculation or by measurement using various conceivable methods, to arrive at a reliable model of the motor. These methods use for example a preliminary phase of identification or self-learning of the motor, or store in the variable drive series of estimated values corresponding to parameters to be estimated from data tables, or calculate certain parameters by means of empirical equations.
Nevertheless, certain motor parameters can change over time during motor operation, in particular the rotor resistance RR which fluctuates a great deal with motor temperature. If, at a given instant, there is an error in the estimation of the value of this rotor resistance, then the electric current supplied to the motor by the variable drive can be higher than necessary for the motor's rated operating point. Likewise, the rotor inductance LR of the motor can vary when the flux changes (for example when operating in the defluxing zone). Now, the precision of the torque delivered by the motor depends on the precision of the rotor inductance value.
The performance of the variable drive+motor assembly can hence be degraded through problems of consumption or overheating, or by generating oscillations of current, speed and torque. It would therefore be significant to be able to adjust, during operation, the parameters estimated beforehand so as to optimize the control of the motor.
This is why the invention aims, when there is a measurement of the motor speed in the variable drive (closed loop operation), to correct in real time the values of the rotor resistance RR and the rotor inductance LR of the motor using the integral term of the current loop, thus making it possible to adjust the values of the motor model parameters.
To this end, the invention describes a method for adjusting motor parameters in a variable speed drive intended to control an electric induction motor. The method includes a step for determining a first difference between a motor torque current reference and a motor torque current measurement, and a second difference between a motor flux current reference and a motor flux current measurement, a step for calculating a correction value of the motor's rotor resistance and a correction value of the motor's rotor inductance from the integral term of the said first difference and from the integral term of the said second difference, a step for adjusting values of parameters of the motor model based on the said correction values of the rotor inductance and the rotor resistance, and a step for generating control voltages to be applied to the motor, using the said adjusted motor parameter values.
According to one characteristic, the torque current reference is obtained from a motor speed reference and from a motor speed measurement.
According to another characteristic, the method is implemented in the variable drive when the motor speed measurement exceeds a predetermined threshold value.



Other characteristics and advantages will become apparent in the following detailed description referring to an embodiment given by way of example and represented by the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 represents a simplified block diagram of the control system of an induction motor according to the invention,
FIG. 2 details the current regulator block 15 of FIG. 1.



With reference to FIG. 1, a variable speed drive, of the frequency converter type, is responsible for controlling and monitoring a three-phase asynchronous electric motor M, by virtue of a processing unit 10 capable in particular of driving control electronics (not represented in FIG. 1) by using vector flux control. A speed sensor provides the variable drive with a feedback of the real motor speed Wm.
The processing unit 10 of the variable speed drive includes a speed regulator block 11 which receives at its input a motor speed reference Wref and the motor speed measurement Wm, so as to deliver at its output a motor torque current reference IQref. This motor torque current reference IQref is determined with precision since it is based on a measured real value Wm of the motor speed.
The next block in the processing unit 10 of the variable speed drive is a current regulator block 15 which receives at its input a motor flux current reference IDref and the motor torque current reference IQref from block 11. Block 15 also receives the measured values of motor torque current and motor flux current, IQm and IDm respectively, and the motor speed measurement Wm. The values IQm and IDm can come from a converter block 12 which converts in a known way measurements from voltage and current sensors on the motor's supply conductors (i.e. conversion by rotation of the voltages of the threes phases of the motor to d, q coordinates).
The current regulator block 15 delivers at its output a flux control voltage UD and a torque control voltage UQ to a converter block 13 which converts them in the conventional way to voltage settings for the control electronics supplying the various phases of the motor M.
According to the invention, the current regulator block 15 includes an integrator block 16 which calculates the integral term of a first difference ΔIQ existing between the motor torque current reference IQref and the motor torque current measurement IQm, and the integral term of a second difference ΔID existing between the motor flux current reference IDref and the motor flux current measurement IDm.
At the point of equilibrium operation of the motor, neglecting variations of stator resistance RS and leakage inductance LF, we have the following relationship expressed in vector form:




  
    (
    
      
        
          
            ∫
            
              (
              
                
                  I
                  Dref
                
                -
                
                  I
                  Dm
                
              
              )
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            ∫
            
              (
              
                
                  I
                  Qef
                
                -
                
                  I
                  Qm
                
              
              )
            
          
        
      
    
    )
  
  =
  
    
      (
      
        
          
            
              ∫
              
                Δ
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  I
                  D
                
              
            
          
        
        
          
            
              ∫
              
                Δ
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  I
                  Q
                
              
            
          
        
      
      )
    
    =
    
      K
      ⁡
      
        (
        
          
            
              
                Δ
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  L
                  R
                
              
            
          
          
            
              
                Δ
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  R
                  R
                
              
            
          
        
        )
      
    
  




in which ΔLR and ΔRR represent the relative correction values of the rotor inductance and the rotor resistance respectively and in which the coefficient K can be expressed as a rotation matrix that depends on TR and WG, with:

    
    
        WG representing the slip speed known by WG=WS−Wm, where WS is the frequency of the electrical power distribution network and Wm is the motor speed measurement,
        TR representing the image of the motor's time constant TR=RR/LR.
    
    


Therefore, we have the following relationship:




  
    (
    
      
        
          
            ∫
            
              Δ
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                I
                D
              
            
          
        
      
      
        
          
            ∫
            
              Δ
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                I
                Q
              
            
          
        
      
    
    )
  
  =
  
    
      
        W
        S
      
      
        
          k
          1
        
        ⁡
        
          (
          
            
              T
              R
              2
            
            +
            
              W
              G
              2
            
          
          )
        
      
    
    ⁢
    
      (
      
        
          
            
              
                W
                G
              
              ⁢
              
                T
                R
                1
              
            
          
          
            
              
                -
                
                  W
                  G
                
              
              ⁢
              
                T
                R
                1
              
            
          
        
        
          
            
              T
              R
              2
            
          
          
            
              W
              G
              2
            
          
        
      
      )
    
    ⁢
    
      (
      
        
          
            
              Δ
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                L
                R
              
            
          
        
        
          
            
              Δ
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                R
                R
              
            
          
        
      
      )
    
  




Thus, in the steady-state operation of the motor, the calculations of the integral terms of the current differences ΔID and ΔIQ can be used to determine, in real time, correction values ΔLR and ΔRR to be applied to the rotor inductance and to the rotor resistance of the motor so as to be able to constantly refine the motor model with real values of the rotor inductance and the rotor resistance.
The current regulator block 15 therefore includes a parameter adaptor block 18 which receives at its input the integral terms of ΔID and ΔIQ so as to calculate ΔLR and ΔRR in order to obtain corrected values of the rotor inductance LR and the rotor resistance RR of the motor, as well as other motor parameters which depend on LR and RR, such as for example TR. By virtue of the invention, as long as the integral terms of ΔID and ΔIQ will not be zero, the parameters LR and RR will be adjusted, thus continuously improving the parameters of the motor model. As soon as the exact values of LR and RR are arrived at, the integral terms of ΔID and ΔIQ will then converge to zero.
The new corrected parameters are then introduced in a compensation (or feedforward) block 17 which calculates the static (offset) parts of the flux control voltage UDstat and of the torque control voltage UQstat, given the following relationships:

UDstat=(RR+RS)*IDref−LF*WS*IQref−RR/LR*Φref 

UQstat=(RR+RS)*IQref+LF*WS*IDref−Wm*Φref 

in which Φref represents the reference flux or rated flux of the motor=UN/WN.
The static parts of the voltages UDstat, UQstat from the compensation block 17 are then added with the proportional and integral terms of ΔID and ΔIQ respectively from the output of the integrator block 16, in order to provide at the output of the current regulator block 15 the flux control voltage setting UD and of the torque control voltage setting UQ to be applied to the motor, according to the following relationships:

UD=UDstat+KP*ΔID+KI*∫ΔID 

UQ=UQstat+KP*ΔIQ+KI*∫ΔIQ 

in which KP and KI represent, respectively, the proportional gain and the integral gain of the current regulation.
Preferably, the parameters LR and RR are corrected using the method described in the present invention only when the motor speed measurement (Wm) exceeds a predetermined threshold value, for example equal to 5 Hz. Below this threshold value, the stator resistance RS of the motor becomes dominant with respect to the other parameters and a relative error can disrupt the correct operation of the method described.
The adjustment method therefore includes the following steps:

    
    
        a step for determining the integral term of the first difference ΔIQ, and the integral term of the second difference ΔID, performed in the integrator block 16,
        a step for calculating the correction value ΔRR and the correction value ΔLR from the integral term of the first difference ΔIQ and from the integral term of the second difference ΔID,
        a step for adjusting the values of parameters LR and RR of the motor model based on the correction values ΔLR and ΔRR, these two steps being performed in the adaptor block 18,
        a step for generating at the output of the regulator block 15 the flux control voltage UD and the torque control voltage UQ applied to the motor M, using the adjusted motor parameter values. This step for generating UD and UQ includes a step for calculating the static parts UDstat and UQstat in the compensation block 17 and a step for adding UDstat and UQstat with the proportional and integral terms of ΔID and ΔIQ to give UD and UQ.
    
    


Clearly it is possible, without departing from the context of the invention, to imagine other variants and minor improvements and likewise envisage the use of equivalent means.

## Claims

1. Method for adjusting motor parameters in a variable speed drive intended to control an electric induction motor (M), wherein the method comprises:
a step for determining a first difference (ΔIQ) between a motor torque current reference (IQref) and a motor torque current measurement (IQm), and a second difference (ΔID) between a motor flux current reference (IDref) and a motor flux current measurement (IDm),
a step for calculating a correction value (ΔRR) of the motor's rotor resistance and a correction value (ΔLR) of the motor's rotor inductance from the integral term of said first difference (ΔIQ) and from the integral term of said second difference (ΔID),
a step for adjusting values of parameters of the motor model based on said correction values (ΔLR, ΔRR) of the rotor inductance and the rotor resistance,
a step for generating control voltages (UD, UQ) to be applied to the motor (M), using said adjusted motor parameter values.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the torque current reference (IQref) is obtained from a motor speed reference (Wref) and from a motor speed measurement (Wm).

3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the method is executed in the variable speed drive when the motor speed measurement (Wm) exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

4. Variable speed drive intended to control an electric induction motor (M), equipped with a processing unit (10) including a current regulator block (15) delivering control voltages of the motor (M), wherein the current regulator block (15) comprises:
an integrator block (16) to determine a first difference (ΔIQ) between a motor torque current reference (IQref) and a motor torque current measurement (IQm), and a second difference (ΔID) between a motor flux current reference (IDref) and a motor flux current measurement (IDm),
an adaptor block (18) calculating a correction value (ΔRR) of the motor's rotor resistance and a correction value (ΔLR) of the motor's rotor inductance from the integral term of said first difference (ΔIQ) and from the integral term of said second difference (ΔID), and adjusting values of parameters of the motor model based on said correction values (ΔLR, ΔRR) of the rotor inductance and the rotor resistance,
a compensation block (17) using said adjusted motor parameter values to generate control voltages (UD, UQ) to be applied to the motor (M).

5. Variable speed drive according to claim 4, wherein the processing unit (10) includes a speed regulator block (11) calculating the torque current reference (IQref) from a motor speed reference (Wref) and from a motor speed measurement (Wm).

6. Variable speed drive according to claim 5, wherein the calculation of the rotor resistance correction value (ΔRR) and of the rotor inductance correction value (ΔLR) is implemented in the adaptor block (18) when the motor speed measurement (Wm) exceeds a predetermined threshold value.