TABLE 10: United States Conventional Pesticide Usage, Total and
Estimated Agricultural Sector Share, 1964-1989

Year Total U.S. Agricultural = Agricultural
Sector Sector
Share
sretseee ‘Million Lbs. AI-------- --Percent--

1964 340 320 59
1965 610 335 55
1966 680 350 51
1967 735 380 52
1968 835 470 56
1969 TIS 430 55
1970 740 430 58
1971 835 495 59
1972 875 525 60
1973 910 560 62
1974 950 590 62
1975 990 625 63
1976 1,030 660 64
1977 1,075 720 67
1978 1,110 780 70
1979 1,150 840 B
1980 1,175 846 nR
1981 1,205 860 7
1982 1,100 830 80
1983 953 733 77
1984 1,080 850 np
1985 1112 861 77
1986 1,096 820 75
1987 1,085 815 75
1988 1,130 845 75
1989 1,070 806 5

Note: Excludes wood preservatives, disinfectants, and sulfur.
Source: EPA staff estimates,

CONVENTIONAL U.S. PESTICIDE USAGE
TOTAL VS. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

MILLION POUNDS ACTIVE INGREDIENT

1400
1200
1000 fo
800 = = ee tte
600 _~
400 pan
200
Qe poe pp pe
1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989
PESTICIDE USAGE
— TOTAL —— AG SECTOR



TABLE 4: U.S. Usage of Conventional Pesticides and Other Types,
1989 Estimates.

Type Billion Pounds A.I.
Conventional Pesticides 1.07
Wood Preservatives 0.70
Disinfectants 0.25
Sulfur 0.04

Total 2.06

Source: EPA staff estimates.
' This estimate includes only disinfectants and not other antimicrobials.

TOTAL 1989 U.S. PESTICIDE USAGE
CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDES AND ALL OTHERS

UY

Wox 1 Preservatives
0.7

Sulfur
0.04
Disinfectants
0.25

BILLION POUNDS
ACTIVE INGREDIENT

Conventional
107

10



TABLE 13; U.S. Anoua! Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Type, 1979-1989,

Pesticide 1979 19801981 1982, 1983. 198A 1985S 19861987) :198B_ 1989
Type

‘Miilions of Lbs. ALL.

Herbicides 560 «S55 S70 SH SS 675 670 655 AS 660 655
Insecticides 378398 405 391 255 270 300 295 260 268-226
Fungicides 106 120 123 ug 68 8 82 86 122 320«
Other 106 105 107 106 35 55 6 a iu B
Tota! 1,150 1,175 1,205 1,160 953 1,080 1,112 1,096 1,087 1,130 1,070

Source: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates.

ANNUAL U.S. VOLUME OF PESTICIDE USAGE
ALL PESTICIDES, BY TYPE, 1979-1989.

MILLION POUNDS ACTIVE INGREDIENT

1400
1200 ‘
1000 _ \ aE
800
600
400 -——
200 — r
ry 1 1 :
1979 1080 1981 1982 1983 1984 1885 1986 1987 1988 1989
YEAR
“~~ HERBICIDES + INSECTICIDES —# FUNGICIDES
—@ OTHERS te TOTAL

20



ODUCTION

This report provides an overview of the pesticide industry for 1989. It contains a series of
tables with estimates of U.S. and world pesticide markets for 1989. The tables contain
information on quantities used and user expenditures (by economic sector and pesticide
class), imports, exports, numbers of firms/individuals involved in production/use of
pesticides, number of pesticides, certified applicators and on a number of other topics. Most
of the tabular information is for the year 1989, but some historical data are also presented.
Graphic versions of the data are along with a number of the tables. The following page
presents a number of highlights of this year’s report and page 3 is a listing of the tables in
the report.

OVERVIEW

Pesticide usage in the U.S. has been relatively stable at about 1.1 billion pounds of active
ingredient during recent years. The agricultural share of pesticide usage (see Table 9)
appears to have stabilized at about three fourths of the total after increasing steadily
throughout the 1960’s and 1970's, primarily due to the expanded use of herbicides in crop
production. Growth in the use of pesticides during the 1980’s was slowed by: lower
application rates due to the introduction of more potent pesticides, more efficient use of
pesticides, and lower farm commodity prices.

The volume of pesticides used for non-agricultural purposes in the U.S. has been quite
stable in recent years at about 275 million pounds of active ingredient. This equals about
1.1 Ib. per capita in the U.S. (average for 250 million people), Considering all usage,
including agriculture, U.S. pesticide usage equals somewhat more than 4 pounds per capita
(4.28 Ibs in 1989).

The Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA, is nearing completion of a national survey of home
and garden usage of pesticides. The survey field enumeration was conducted in late 1990
and the results will be available from this office later in calendar year 1991.

If you have questions regarding this report or need further information, please contact
Amold Aspelin, Chief of the Economic Analysis Branch, at (703) 308-8136.



“

TABLE 11: Number of Chemicals Registered for First Time as Pesticides Under FIFRA, by Type,
Calendar Years 1967-1989°

Type
Total Total
Bactericide/ Uses Chemicals
Year Insecticide Herbicide Fungicide Slimicide + Nematicide Rodenticide Other Registered Registered
1967 4 2 2 5 0 2 1 16 16
1968 6 2 3 4 0 0 1 18 18
1969 7 4 o 2 0 0 1 4 14
1970 1 2 2 3 0 o 2 10 10
1971 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 s 4
1972 4 s 6 $ i) 0 1 21 wv
1973 5 3 4 2 1 0 0 1s 13
1976 6 8 6 0 1 1 i) 2 22
1975 8 il 5 11 0 0 1 % 35
1976 2 3 2 4 eG i) 1 2 n
1977 1 1 Qo 1 oO 0 0 3 3
1978 2 2 0 0 oO 0 1 $ 5
19799 8 2 4 0 oO 1 2 17 7
1980 4 3 1 Qo 9 2 1 nu u
1981 4 3 2 1 0 oO 6 16 16
1982 5 5 1 1 0 2 3 v7 v7
1983 5 5 3 1 0 ° 0 14 14
1984 6 1 2 2 0 1 2 4 13
1985 8 1 1 1 0 0 2 13 10
1986 2 7 0 Qo 1 0 2 12 1
1987 3 5 0 1 1 Qo 2 12 n
1988 2 s 1 0 1 oO 2 i un
1989 Ss s 3 0 0 0 2 15 b
Source: EPA registration files.

TOTAL NEW CHEMICAL REGISTRATIONS,
FIRST-TIME REGISTRATIONS, 1967-1989.

NUMBER OF REGISTRATIONS

A

L.
Z.

\

\
\
¥

PS

a ee ee eee Sa

1977

YEAR

17



“DATE DUE

1.3. Envivonxental Protection Agenoy
‘ibrary, Room 4 PM-21i-A
Ol M Street, S.W,
ashington, DC 20460

“oars | 18SUED TO



300
250
200
150
100

§0

CERTIFIED PESTICIDE APPLICATORS
ESTIMATED 1989 TOTAL, BY EPA REGION

CERTIFIED APPLICATORS (Thoveande)

*
*
ae
*
Ns
. * 7 N . *
Z
tn WN MW NZ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
EPA REGIONS
SSprivare ZZ COMMERCIAL) =* =TOTAL

Source: EPA/OPP/BEAD Estimate
Total Private + 962,477
Total Commercial © $08,194

EPA REGIONAL OFFICES

‘teomte ~~
fones
-

1 reams “
ease

- Err

wT ime
an Frensoen .
omer
tome Ow
a eee
vee foes
fos
Oates

19



TABLE 9: Annual Usage Estimates of the Largest Volume Pesticides
in U.S. ' (approximate values, 1989)

Pesticide Usage in Million Pounds
Active Ingredient

Atrazine 1- 0
Alachlor 60- 75
24D 40- 65
Metolachlor 40- 5S
13-D 35- 45
Trifluralin 30- 40
Methyl-bromide 25- 40
Cyanazine 20- 30
EPTC 20- 30
Butylate 15- 25
Bentazon 10- 15
Carvaryl wW- 15
Terbufos 9- 1k
Chlorpyrifos 8- 16
Glyphosate 8- B
Maneb/Mancozeb 8-2
Methyl Parathion” 8-2

Source: EPA staff estimates based on a variety of sources.

* The estimates represent all usage of the active ingredient including noncrop
usage. The estimates do not include 30-40 mil/Ibs Oil.

2 The estimate does not include ethyl parathion usage.

14



TABLE 2: User Expenditures for Conventional Pesticides in the U.S. by Class and
Sector, 1989 Estimates.

Herbicides! Insecticides? Fungicides? Other‘ Total
(mil $) (%) (mil $) (%) — (mil S$) (%) ~— (mil $) (%) (mil $) (%)

Agriculture 3,255 82% 1,099 48% 683 86% 388 72% 5,425 71%
Ind/Com/Govt 525 13% 400 17% 100 «13% 50 9% 1,075 14%
Home & Garden 200 5% 800 35% 15 2% 100 «19% 1,115 15%

Total 3,980 100% 2,299 100% 798 100% 538 100% 7,615 100%

Source: EPA staff estimates based on NACA annual surveys and other sources.
' Includes plant growth regulators.
2 Includes miticides and contact nematicides.
3 Does not include wood preservatives.

“ Includes rodenticides, fumigants, and molluscicides, but does not include wood preservatives,
disinfectants, and sulfur.



TABLE 1 -

TABLE 2 -

TABLE 3 -

TABLE 4 -

TABLE 5 -

TABLE 6 -

TABLE 7 -

TABLE 8 -

TABLE 9 -
TABLE 10 -

TABLE 11 -

TABLE 12 -
TABLE 13 -
TABLE 14 -

LIST OF TABLES

TITLE

U. S. and World Conventional Pesticide Sales at User Level,
1989 Estimates 2.0.0 eee ec eee eee ee teens

User Expenditures for Conventional Pesticides in the U.S. by
Class and Sector, 1989 Estimates ............ eee eevee

Volume of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in
USS. by Class and Sector, 1989 Estimates .............-5

U.S. Usage of Conventional Pesticides and Other Types, 1989
Estimates 2.0.0... c cece cece e tee eee ene nees

Importance of Conventional Pesticide Expenditures to U.S.
Farmers, 1989 Estimates 20... 0... ccc cece cence eee

Comparison of the Cost of EPA Data Requirements Relative
to Conventional Pesticide User Expenditures in U.S., 1989
Estimates .. 0... ec cece eee e ence eee eee eae

US. Production and Net Supply, Conventional Pesticides,
Producer Level, 1989 Estimates ....... 0. ec ee eee eens

US. Pesticide Production, Marketing and User Sectors--Profile
of Number of Units Involved, 1989 ............sseeeee

Annual Usage Estimates of the Largest Pesticides in U.S. ..

United States Conventional Pesticide Usage, Total and
Estimated Agricultural Sector Share, 1964-1989. .........

Number of Chemicals Registered for First Time as Pesticides
Under FIFRA, by Type, Calendar Years 1967-1989 .......

Number of Certified Applicators in the U.S., 1989 Estimates
U.S. Annual Volume of Pesticide Usage, by Type, 1979-1989

US. Annual User Expenditure on Pesticides, by Type, 1979-
1989 cece cece cece cnet e tne e eee ees

she neees 14

see eeees 16

pene eeee 21



HIGHLIGHTS OF REPORT

(table no. in parenthesis)
* US. pesticide user purchases account for one-third of the world market (1).
* Annual US. pesticide user expenditures totalled approximately $7.6 billion in 1989 (2).

* Agriculture accounts for over two-thirds of pesticide user expenditures and _ze-fourths of the
quantity used annually (2 & 3).

* Herbicides are the leading type of pesticides, in terms of both user expenditures and volumes used
(2 & 3).

* About 1.1 billion pounds active ingredient of conventional pesticides are used annually in the U.S.
(4). This usage involves about 21,000 pesticide products registered under the Federal Pesticide
Law.

* Total U.S. pesticide usage in 1989 was about 2,1 billion pounds of active ingredient. (This figure
includes wood preservatives, disinfectants, and sulfur.) (4)

* Farmers’ expenditures on pesticides equal about 4% of total farm production expenditures (5).

* Total pesticide R & D expenditures represent roughly 13% of pesticide expenditures by user
community (6).

* Net usage of pesticides of about 1.1 billion pounds derives from U.S. production of 1.3 billion,
imports of 0.2 billion, and exports of 0.4 billion (pounds of active ingredient of conventional

pesticides) (7).

* Significant numbers of firms/individuals are involved in the production/distribution of pesticides
as follows:
-- 120 leading producers
-- 6,200 production sites
-- 3,000 formulators
++ 17,000 distributors (8).

* The usage of pesticides occurs at more than 900,000 farms and at least 70 million households. (8).
* The two most widely used pesticides by volume are the herbicides atrazine and alachlor (10).

* There were 15 new active ingredients registered as pesticides under FIFRA in calendar year 1989
(11).

* There are nearly 13 million certified pesticide applicators in the U.S. (12). Of these, most are for
agricultural applications (nearly 1.0 million) and the remainder (03 million) are certified
commercial applicators (12).



CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDE USAGE, 1989:
LEADING PESTICIDES AND ALL OTHERS

atrazine
80

alacnior
67.5

metolacnior

47.6
1,3-D
40

trifluralin v

$s lt ail others

- | 645
metnyl-bromide

32.5

cyanazine

25
EPTC
25
butylate
20

Source: EPA/OPP/BEAD Estimates
Total For 10 Largest = 425 mil Ib.
Total Usage = 1070 million Ibs.



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ri fi

we cu f

sepponsed 20 eoppyun4
oe'es
loot
oge'es
sepponoesy sepORpeH
sojes

(2114yM Ul UMOYs Ss} aAeYs *S'fN)

set

zert

Seppnoecy ‘SOPRICH

soqyueny

$}@yJLW JO S9ZIS BAIEJa1 MOYS SLY 91d Jo Saz}S
PHOM OU} JO ISH OY} pue “S°f) 94} Ul Sapsotjsed JO Sajeg pue say yUeNH



TABLE 14: U.S. Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides, by Type, 1979-1989.

Pesticide 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Type

srocestncanensennenennnncnnsnanancenarcees] ‘Millions of $. oo neenennerece
Herbicides $2,830 $3,100 $3,500 $3,500 $3,600 $4,260 $3,700 $3,625 $3,745 $3,930 $3,980
Insecticides 1,370 1,600 1,700 1,700 1,800 1,880 1,975 1980 1,990 2,110 2,299
Fungicides 425 520 620 «620 450 428 515 515 730 860 798
Other 425 580 650 = 650 200 215 370 370 385 480 538

Total 5,050 5,800 6,470 6,470 6,050 6,783 6560 6490 6850 7,380 7,615

Source: EPA/OPP/BEAD estimates.

ANNUAL USER EXPENDITURES ON PESTICIDES
TOTAL U.S. EXPENDITURES, BY TYPE 1979-89

MILLION DOLLARS (Thousands)

—_— eo”
‘*

4 Pan

a

2 _—— ; ———I

eo

0 L 1 L r ry

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1986 1986 1987 1988 1989
YEAR

—~ HERBICIDES —+ INSECTICIDES —* FUNGICIDES

—& OTHERS 7 TOTAL

21



United States Pesticides And July 1991
Environmental Protection Toxic Substances
Agency (H-7503W)

ar
EPA | Pesticides Industry Sales
And Usage

1989 Market Estimates

EPA
733/
1991.1

2% Printed on Recycled Paper



TABLE 3: Volume of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in U.S. by Class and Sector,
1989 Estimates.

Herbicides! Insecticides? Fungicides? Other* Total
(mil $) (%) (mil $8) (%) ~— (mil 8) (%) = (mil 8) (%) = (mil $) (%)

Agriculture 520 79% 151 67% 65 59% 70 90% 806 75%
Ind/Com/Govt 110 17% 45 20% 35. 32% 5 6% 195 18%
Home & Garden 25 4% 30 13% 11 10% 3 4% 69 6%
Total 655 100% 226 100% 111 100% 78 100% 1,070 100%

Source: EPA staff estimates based on NACA annual surveys and other sources.
' Includes plant growth regulators.
? Includes miticides and contact nematicides.

3 Does not include wood preservatives.

* Includes rodenticides, fumigants, and molluscicides, but does not include wood preservatives,
disinfectants, and sulfur.



User Expenditures for Pesticides In the U.S. by Class and Sector
Size of pie charts show relative size of markets
(Amounts shown in Millions of Dollars)

Herbicides Insecticides
Agriculture
$1,009
Agriculture
$3,266
Home & Garden :
Ss : $200 Ind/Com/Govt
$400 ae
Ind/ Conv Govt
yo $525 some 2 § Garcon
Fungicides Other Pesticides
Agriculture, wa?
$683 jome & Garden
nav coH Govt Home & Garden
Y
$100 ied/ComvGovt
$50



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“Burpunos 0} anp ppe ou Aeur sjeioy, §— :910N

ard %001 —-000'r %001 OLO'T TROL,
WIE S Ne %L 8L 110
As Yr Tes %Ol IIT sapiiguny
IN _ SE SOv'T MZ 97 Saplondsesuy
WIE VW LEs‘T %I9 sso SopPpiqieH
= + (‘Sq] JO SuON IW) JUaIPaIBUy ANDY JO "JOA - -
WEE %O0l —-000°EZ %OOL SI9'L » TROL
M6 %9 O8e'T %L ges PYO
MRI %b61 OLE'r %IL  86L saprorguny
re OE 006‘9 WE 667T soppnoesuy
WBE Sb Ose‘ors %7S  O86'ES — SEPINIGIOH
++ ----- (S$ JO suorw) somnpipusdxg rasp - - - -

DIA PHO (%) (vou) (%) __ (wou) sei
JO0% ST aye PHOM PRE STL «=: @plonsag

“SOWPUUNS|] 686L ‘19A7T 987)
We safeg apionsag [euONUeAUOD POM PUR SN °1 AIAVL



TABLE 12: Number of Certified Applicators in the
United States, 1989 Estimates’.

EPA Region Private” Commercial®

1 7,869 9,025

2 25,824 32,063

3 47,690 22,581

4 225,370 46,925

5 156,925 41,977

6 215,746 29,391

7 140,870 27,418

8 70,510 46,774

9 32,389 20,888

10 39,284 26,092
us! 962,477 303,134

Source: EPA $700-33H form that states submit to EPA
regions each year.

1 The following page presents a map of EPA regions.

The term "private applicators” refers primarily to
individual farmers.

Commercial refers to professional pesticide
applicators,

‘ The U.S. totals do not add because some applicators
are certified in more than Region.

18







TABLE 5: Importance of Conventional Pesticide Expenditures to
U.S. Farmers, 1989 Estimates.

($ Billion) (Percent)

Farm Pesticide Expenditures! 5.4 44

Total Farm Production Expenditures? 124.0 100.0

’ Excludes wood preservatives, disinfectants, and sulfur.
7 USDA, 1991.

Source: USDA and EPA staff estimates.

TABLE 6: Comparison and Cost of R&D Expenditures to meet EPA
Data Requirements Relative to Total Conventional Pesticide
R&D Expenditures in U.S., 1989 Estimates.

$ Million Percent
Pesticide User Expenditures 7,615 100.0
Total Pesticides R&D Expenditures! 966 12.7
EPA Registration-Related R&D
Expenditures! 242 3.2

Source: EPA staff estimates, based on the NACA survey (1989), and other
sources.

’ Re-estimated for 1989 based on data from NACA member firms only.
Total R&D expenditures for U.S. market are global R&D expenditures of
NACA firms reduced by 29.2 percent, the share of sales abroad. EPA
registration-related expenditures are estimated to be 25 percent of total
R&D expenditures, based upon NACA data for 1987, the latest year with
such a break-out in the NACA annual survey report.

11



Jo
TABLE 8: U.S. Pesticide Production, Marketing and User Sectors
Profile of Numbers of Units Involved, 1989.
(Approximate Values)
: Production and Distribution
Basic Production Distribution and Marketing
1. Major Basic Producers 20 1. Formulators
2, Other Producers 100 + major national 150-200
3. Producing Sites 6,200 - other 2,500-2,800
4, Active Ingredients 2, Distributors & .
Registered 784 Establishments
5. Active Ingredients with - major national 250-350
food/feed tolerances 350 + other 16,500
6. New Active Ingredients/Year 15 3. Formulated Products
7, Total Employment 10,000 Registered at Federal
Level 21,000
User Level
Agricultural Sector Ind./Comm. Gov't Sector
| 1, Land in Farms 991 mil. acres
2, Harvested 289 mil. acres 1. No. Comm. Pest
3. Total No. Farms 2.1 mil. Control Firms 40,000
4. No, Farms Using 2. No. Certified
Chemicals for: Applicators 303,000
- insects on hay/
crops 554,000
+ nematodes 66,000
- diseases on Home/Garden Sector
crops/orchards 129,000
- weed/grass/bush 913,000
- defoliation/ 1. Total U.S. Households 94 mil.
fruit thinning 75,000 2. No. Households Using-(’90)
(above are '87 census no’s.) + Insecticides 70 mil.
5. Number Private Pesticide - Antimicrobials 46 mil.
Applicators Registered — 962,000 + Plant treatments 19 mil.
- Animal treatments 15 mil.
Source: EPA Staff Estimates
13



MAY 22 1992

PESTICIDE INDUSTRY SALES AND USAGE:
1989 MARKET ESTIMATES

by
Amold L. Aspelin
Arthur H. Grube
and

Virginia Kibler

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS BRANCH
BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DIVISION
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

July, 1991

TERS LIBRARY
i ENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460







Volume of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients Used in the U.S. by Class
and Sector
Quantities in Millions of Pounds
Sizes of pie charts show relative sizes of markets

Herbicides Insectickies
aly Agricutture
161
Home & Garden
s 25 ++ Home & Garden
\ +H 30
y Ind/Com/ Govt bay Comn/ Govt
ad 10 46
Fungicides Other Pesticides
Agricutture,
65
Agriculture, Gard
70 &
Home. & Garden fne/CooyGovt
Hey 6
ind/Com/ Govt
35



TABLE 7: U.S. Production and Net Supply, Conventional Pesticides Producer at
Level, 1989 Estimates.

Category Active Ingredient Sales Value
(Ibs.)

tree eens Billions - ---------
U.S. Production 1.3 $7.5
USS. Imports 02 15
Total Supply 15 9.0
U.S. Exports 0.4 2.3
Net Supply/Usage 11 6.7

Sources: EPA staff estimates based on NACA Surveys, Department of
Commerce Publications, and other sources.

12