Real-World Solutions in Fluid Manag

World Solutions in Fluid Manag

Supply, Storage, Treatment, Recycli

Disposal Workshop Disposal Workshop

North East Shale Gas Sy p m osium

Pittsburgh, PA 

May 19, 2011

ENGINEERING • CONSULTING • TECHNOLOGIES

PROJECT AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Contacts:

Derek Krivak John RobertsDirector Unconventional Gas Director, WateHatch HatchSuite 700, 840 7th Avenue Suite 700, 840 Calgary AB T2P 3G2 Calgary, AB, T2P 3G2 Calgary AB T

Calgary, AB, T

Phone: 403-999-5997 Phone: 403-26dkrivak@hatch.ca jrobertson@haDal k e Krysinski, PE Al l ex Z atic, PSenior Associate Senior EngineePrincipal Project Manager Hatch, InfrastHatch Mott MacDonald 2800 Speakma1600 West Carson Street Mississauga, OPittsburgh, PA 15219 Phone: 905-40Phone: 412-497-2918 azlatic@hatchDale.Kry @ sinski@hatchmott.com
Agenda

START END

9:00 9:15 Introductions and Workshop Overview9:15 9:30 Breakout into Group Session: "Generate H9:30 9:45 Present Hot topics9:45 10:00 Break

10:00 10:30 Hot Topic #1: Presentation and Discussion

10:30 11:00 Hot Topic #2: Presentation and Discussion11:00 11:30 Hot Topic #3: Presentation and Discussion11 30 : 12 00 : O Di i d Open Discussion and wrap-up

12:00 End of Workshop 
Typical Marcellus Developm

Water Source

Gas Gathering Pipeline

Cour
Emerging Marcellus Develo

WaterPump Water Flowback Water T f St ti Intake Station Source

Transfer St

ation

Gas Gathering Pipeline

Water Supply Pipeline

Cour
Water Treatment

• Understanding your treatment 

requirements

– Feed water quality– Discharge water quality– Regulatory issues

• Quantifying water balance• Modular vs. centralized units• Ca

pital costs

• O&M costs • Waste discharge stream
Water Treatment Techno

• Analytical Testing• Blending• Filtration• Reclamation / Chemical Treatmen• Advanced Treatment Technologie• M h i l V R i 

Mec

hanical Vapor Recompression 

• Reverse Osmosis (RO)• Facilities
Analytical Testing – Wat

Analysis

• Water Analysis:

– Alkalinities– Hardness– TSS– TDS– DO– TPH, oil and grease– Metals– Bacteria– Polymer: Presence or absence– NORMS 
Blending

• Common assumption is that blending only ap

use of flowback:

– source water + flowback water

• Blending may also come into play as part of w

sourcing:

– surface water –groundwater– deep groundwater –shallow groundwater– surface water –groundwater –produced water

• The geochemistry of the blended fluids must 

considered and adjusted as necessary:

– Scale– solids and organics– Metals

– salinity
Filtration

• Removal of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) to m

op () erators micron cut (100 to 0.5microns). 

• 99.9% water recover for reuse• However, filtration does not remove Total Di

Solids (TDS)

Courtesy of MISWACO

• Scale-able/modular operations.• Mobile or fixed operations.• Numerous vendors, including MISWACO, Fil

Veolia, GE, Siemens, ....etc.

Courtesy of MISWACO
Reclamation / Chemical Tre

• For removal of heavy metals, hardness and TSS 

flowback water

• Heavy metals: Flowback

– Fe: Oxidize Fe2+ to Fe 3+ and chemical precipitation 

• Fe+3+ 3NaOH -> Fe (OH)3+ Na+ ; can also use lime

– Mn: Chemical oxidation followed by precipitation at pH 

M +2 O id t M +4 O MO

Storage

• M

n+2

+

O

xidant -> M

n+4

+ O2 -> M

n

O2

– Alternately, Greensand Filtration can be used for both ir

manganese simultaneously

• Hardness:

Chem. 

Precip

– Ca: Chemical precipitation at pH to 10.3 –10.8 and add

the water. 

• Ca+ Na2CO -> CaCO3 + 2Na+

– Ba and Sr: Some removed by precipitation 

dd l d h d 

Filtration

– Remove

d

during calcium treatment 

due to pH as 

h

y

drox

carbonates 

– Removed by precipitation as sulfates by addition of Na2

• TSS:

Testing

Reclaim

– Removal by filtration

/Reuse
Reclamation System Lay

• 90-99% recovery• Mobile or fixed setup

Court

• Adaptable to changing influent character
Desalination 

• MVR – Mechanical Vapor Recom

– Treat high TDS water for reuse.

Courtesy of MISWACO

• Mobile Units

– Compact, efficient, – Designed for slickwater – Maximum TDS limit

• Fountain Quail, GE Water, Aqua-t
Advanced Treatment

**Example configuration
Reverse Osmosis

• Advantages

– Increasingly being used in water puri

Courtesy of MISWACO

– Low energy consumption– Removes all contaminants to a certai

• Disadvantages

– More pretreatment and maintenance 

then for MSF plants

– Membrane fouling and membrane lif

issues
Facilities Overview

• Mobile Facilities• Centralized Facilties
Mobile Treatment

• 5 000 to 10 000 BPD 5,000 to 10,000 BPD• Mobile Treatment for single wells• Quick rig up and rig down• Trailer mounted for transportation• Small footprint• Filtration Unit: 35’ x 10’ (11m X 3• Reclamation Unit: 120’ x 120’ (37

37 ) m
Central Treatment System

• Central Treatment Facilities• 60 000 100 000 BPD ( ) 60,000 to 100,000 BPD (or more)• Central Facilities for multiple wells in the 

and/or multiple operators

• Strategically located, ie. 15 mile radius fr

activity

• In-line with drilling program requirement• Treatment and re-use of 100% of produc• Minimum operating volumes required to 

ca

pital investment
Disposal

• Options include:

– Deep well Injection– POTW– Evaporator (Water Treatment)

• Reuse of Water• Dispose of Salts

• Issues :

– Discharge Limits– Accessibility (only 7-9 injection wells – Costs– Delivery/transport 
Disposal

• Up-front characterization and desi

– Impoundments – Reservoir characterization– Injection well design– Drilling and Testing– Treat & discharge

• Injection well economic optimizat• Integration of multiple solutions
Disposal

• Disposal quantities:

– re-use vs disposal– Interim Storage of disposal volumes

• Costs• Accessibility• T i ransport issues

• permitting
The Challenge:

• Composition changes regionally and ove

(higher salinity with more formation cont

• Scaling tendency is not predictable. Requ

simulation and simulation and hands “

-on experience ” experience.

– High Ba& Sr in Marcellus. Low sulfates.

• Develop empirical relationships between 

production rate/volume and frac water q

• Need rugged/reliable pre-treatment syste

gas.

• Reducing operating costs is critical Reducing operating costs is critical.