Pesticides(Industry(

Sales(and(Usage(

2006$and$2007$

Market$Estimates
Pesticides(Industry(Sales(and(Usage(

2006$and$2007$Market$Estimates$

By

Arthur$Grube,$

David$Donaldson,$$

Timothy$Kiely,$and$$

La$Wu

Biological$and$Economic$Analysis$Division$

Office$of$Pesticide$Programs$

Office$of$Chemical$Safety$and$Pollution$Prevention$

U.S.$Environmental$Protection$Agency$

Washington,$DC$20460$

February$2011
Acknowledgments!!

The!authors!would!like!to!acknowledge!the!valuable!assistance!provided!by!the!following!reviewers:!

! Susan!Kegley,!Pesticide!Research!Institute?!

! Gautam!Sirur,!Cropnosis!Limited?!

! Sheryl!Kunickis,!U.S.!Department!of!Agriculture?!

! Gary!Spolarich!and!Donna!Marciano,!California!Department!of!Pesticide!Regulation?!

! Greg!Malcom,!GFK!Kynetec?!

! Dennis!Fugate,!Kline!&!Co.,!Inc.?!

! Leonard!Gianessi,!CropLife!Foundation?!

! William!Battaglin,!U.S.!Geological!Survey?!

! Mark!Miller,!U.S.!Department!of!Agriculture?!and!

! Staff,!U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency.!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!i!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency Acknowledgments!
Contents!

Sections!

1.!!!!Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................Page!1

2.! 2006!and!2007!Sales.................................................................................................................................................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Page!4

!!!!2.1!!!World!and!U.S.!Pesticide!Expenditures.................................................................................................................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Page!4

!!!!2.2!!!Value!of!U.S.!Pesticides:!Producer!Level..............................................................................................................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Page!5

!!!!2.3!!!8VHU([SHQGLWXUHVRQ3HVWLFLGHVLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV«.......................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Page!6

!!!!2.4!!!Farm!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States...........................................................................................!Page!7

3.!!!2006!and!2007!Usage.................................................................................................................................................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Page!8

!!!!3.1!!!World!and!U.S.!Pesticide!Amount!Used................................................................................................................!!!!!!!!! Page8

!!!!3.2!!!3HVWLFLGH6XSSO\LQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV3URGXFHU/HYHO«......................!Page!9

!!!!3.3!!!Pesticide!Amount!Used!in!the!United!States:!Total...............................................................................................!Page!10

!!!!3.4!!!Amount!of!Pesticides!Used!in!the!United!States:!Conventional............................................................................!Page!12

!!!!3.5!!!Share!of!U.S.!Amount!of!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!

!!!!!!!!!! Agricultural!and!Non[Agricultural!Market!Sectors...............................................................................................!Page!13

!!!!3.6!!!Most!Commonly!Used!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredients!in!the!U.S.!

!!!!!!!!!!!Agricultural!Market!Sector.....................................................................................................................................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Page!14

!!!!3.7!!!Most!Commonly!Used!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredients!in!the!U.S.!

!!!!!!!!!!!Non[$JULFXOWXUDO0DUNHW6HFWRUV««...............................!Page!15

!!!!3.8!!!Amount!of!Organophosphate!Insecticides!Used!in!the!United!States....................................................................!Page!16

!!!!3.9!!!Pesticide!Amount!Used!in!the!United!States:!Other..............................................................................................!Page!18

!!!!3.10!!3HVWLFLGH$PRXQW8VHGLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV6SHFLDOW\%LRFLGHVDQG:RRG3UHVHUYDWLYHV«Page!19

4.!!!Producers!and!Users.................................................................................................................................................!Page!20

!!!!4.1!!Pesticide!Producers!and!Users!in!2007..................................................................................................................!Page!20

5.!!!Historical!Data...........................................................................................................................................................!Page!21

! 5.1! Annual!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States:!1988±2007..................................................................! Page!21!

! 5.2! Annual!Amount!of!Pesticides!Used!in!the!United!States:!1988±2007..................................................................!

! !

Page!26!

6.! Glossary.................................................................................................................................................................... Page!32

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!iii!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency Contents!
Tables!

2.!!!2006!and!2007!Sales

!!!Table!2.1!!!! World!and!U.S.!Pesticide!Expenditures!at!User!Level!by!Pesticide!Type,!2006!and!2007!Estimates......!Page!4!

!!!Table!2.2!!!! Value!of!U.S.!Pesticide!Production,!Imports,!Exports,!and!Supply!at!Producer!Level.............................!Page!5!

!!!Table!2.3!!!! User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type!and!Market!Sector,!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2006!and!2007!Estimates...........................................................................................................................!Page!6!

!!!Table!2.4!!!! Farm!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States.............................................................................. Page!7!

3.!!!!2006!and!2007!Usage

!!!Table!3.1!!!! World!and!U.S.!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!2006!and!2007!Estimates............................................................................................!Page!8!

!Table!3.2!!!! U.S.!Pesticide!Production,!Imports,!Exports,!and!Supply!in!Amount!of!Active!Ingredient!at!the!!!!!!

Producer!Level...........................................................................................................................................!Page!9!

!!!Table!3.3!!!! Amount!of!Pesticides!Used!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Group,!2006!and!2007!Estimates.............!Page!10!

!!!Table!3.4!!!! Amount!of!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type!and!Market!Sector,!2006!and!2007!Estimates..............................................................!Page!12!

!!!Table!3.5!!!! Share!of!U.S.!Amount!of!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Agricultural!and!Non[Agricultural!Market!Sectors,!2006!and!2007!Estimates..............................! Page!13!

!!!Table!3.6!!!! Most!Commonly!Used!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredients,!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Agricultural!Market!Sector,!2007,!2005,!2003,!and!2001!Estimates.........................................................!Page!14!

!!!Table!3.7!! Most!Commonly!Used!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredients,!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Home!and!Garden!Market!Sector,!2007,!2005,!2003,!and!2001!Estimates...............................................!Page!15!

!!!Table!3.8! Most!Commonly!Used!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredients,!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Industry/Commercial/Government!Market!Sector,!2007,!2005,!2003,!and!2001!Estimates.....................!Page!15!

!!!Table!3.9! Amount!of!Organophosphate!Insecticide!Active!Ingredients!Used!in!the!United!States,!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!All!Market!Sectors,!1990±2007!Estimates...............................................................................................! Page!16!

!!!Table!3.10!! Most!Commonly!Used!Organophosphate!Insecticide!Active!Ingredients,!

All!Market!Sectors,!2007,!2005,!2003,!and!2001......................................................................................!Page!17!

!!!Table!3.11! Other!Pesticides!Used!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type!and!Market!Sector,!!

2006!and!2007!Estimates...........................................................................................................................!Page!18!

!!!Table!3.12!!!Specialty!Biocides!Used!in!the!United!States!by!End[Use!Market,!2006!and!2007!Estimates.................!Page!19!

!!!Table!3.13!!!Wood!Preservatives!Used!in!the!United!States!by!End[Use!Market,!2004!and!2007!Estimates...............!Page!19!

Page!iv22006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency Contents!
Tables!(Continued)!

4.!!!Producers!and!Users

!!!Table!4.1!! Number!of!U.S.!Pesticide!Producers,!Formulators,!and!Distributors........................................................!Page!20!

!!!Table!4.2!! Number!of!Exterminating!and!Pest!Control!Firms!and!Number!of!Certified!Applicators........................!Page!20!

!!!Table!4.3!! Land!in!Farms,!Land!Harvested,!Number!of!Farms,!and!Farms!Using!Pesticides....................................!Page!20!

!!!Table!4.4!! Number!of!U.S.!Households!Using!Pesticides.......................................................................................... Page!20!

5.!!!Historical!Data

!!!Table!5.1!! Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!All!Market!Sectors..................................................................!Page!22!

!!!Table!5.2!! Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!Agricultural!Market!Sector.....................................................!Page!23!

!!!Table!5.3!! Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±(VWLPDWHV,QGXVWU\&RPPHUFLDO*RYHUQPHQW0DUNHW6HFWRU« Page!24!

!!!Table!5.4!! Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!Home!and!Garden!Market!Sector...........................................!Page!25!

!!!Table!5.5!! Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!All!Market!Sectors..................................................................!Page!27!

!!!Table!5.6!! Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!Agricultural!Market!Sector.....................................................!Page!28

!!!Table!5.7!!!! Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!Industry/Commercial/Government!Market!Sector.................!Page!29!

!!!Table!5.8!!!! Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!Home!and!Garden!Market!Sector...........................................!Page!30!

!!!Table!5.9!!!! Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States,!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Agricultural!and!Non[Agricultural!Market!Sector!Shares,!1970±2007.....................................................!Page!31!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!v

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency Contents!
Figures!

2.!!2006!and!2007!Sales!

!!!Figure!2.1!!!! World!and!U.S.!Pesticide!Expenditures!at!User!Level!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!2007!Estimates..........................................................................................................!Page!5!

!!!Figure!2.2!!!! User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type!and!Market!Sector,!2007!Estimates............................................................................!Page!7!

3.!!!2000!and!2001!Usage

!!!Figure!3.1!!!! World!and!U.S.!Pesticide!Amounts!of!Active!Ingredient!at!User!Level!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!2007!Estimates..........................................................................................................!Page!9!

!!!Figure!3.2!!!! Amount!of!Pesticides!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!by!Pesticide!Group,!2007!Estimates.......................................................................................................!Page!11!

!!!Figure!3.3!!!! Amount!of!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type!and!Market!Sector,!2007!Estimates............................................................................!Page!13!

!!!Figure!3.4!!!! Total!Amount!of!Organophosphate!and!All!Other!Insecticide!Active!Ingredients!Used!in!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! the!United!States!in!All!Market!Sectors,!1990±2007..............................................................................!Page!17!

5.!!!Historical!Data

!!!Figure!5.1!!!! Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±(VWLPDWHV$OO0DUNHW6HFWRUV«..............Page!22!

!!!Figure!5.2!!!! Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!Agricultural!Market!Sector.................................................! Page!23!

!!!Figure!5.3!!!! Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!Industry/Commercial/Government!Market!Sector...............!Page!24!

!!!Figure!5.4!!! Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!Home!and!Garden!Market!Sector......................................... Page!25!

!!!Figure!5.5!!!! Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!All!Market!Sectors................................................................!Page!27!

!!!Figure!5.6!!!! Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±(VWLPDWHV$JULFXOWXUDO0DUNHW6HFWRU«.........!Page!28!

!!!Figure!5.7!!!! Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!Industry/Commercial/Government!Market!Sector...............!Page!29!

!!!Figure!5.8!!!! Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates,!Home!and!Garden!Market!Sector......................................... Page!30!

Page!vi22006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency Contents!
1.! Introduction

Purpose!of!Report!

! Under!the!Federal! Insecticide,!Fungicide,!and!Rodenticide! Act! (FIFRA)!and!the! Federal!Food,!Drug,!

and!Cosmetic!Act! (FFDCA),!the!U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency! (EPA),!in!cooperation!with!states!and!

other! agencies,! such! as! the! Food! and! Drug! Administration! (FDA)! and! the! U.S.! Department! of! Agriculture!

(USDA),! is! responsible! for! regulating! the! production! and! use! of! pesticides! in! the! United! States.! This! report!

provides!contemporary!and! historical! economic!information! on!the!U.S.! pesticide! producing!and! using! sectors!

covered!by!these!state!and!federal!regulatory!programs.!Economic!profile!information!covers!a!variety!of!topics,!

particularly! the! pesticide! market! with! respect! to! dollar! values! and! quantities! of! active! ingredient.! The! EPA!

Pesticide!Program!has!issued!such!market!reports!since!1979.!

! This!report!is!intended!only!to!present!objective!economic!profile!and!trend!information! reflecting!the!

best!information!available!to!EPA!on!pesticide!sales!and!use.!It!does!not!attempt!to!interpret,!reach!conclusions!

about,! or!make!inferences!about!the! data.!Detailed!analysis!of!causal! factors!or!implications,! such!as!potential!

impacts!on!human!health,!the!environment,!or!the!economy,!falls!beyond!the!scope!of!this!project.!

! We!caution!the!reader!not!to!infer!too!much!from!changes!in!the!amount!of!pesticides!used!from!year!to!

year.!Changes!in!the!amount!of!pesticides!used!are!not!necessarily!correlated!with!changes!in!the!level!of!pest!

control!or!changes!in!the!human!health!and!environmental!risks!associated!with!pesticide!use.!

Data!Sources

! Neither!EPA!nor!any!other!federal!agency!has!a!program!devoted!specifically!to!estimating!the!overall!

pesticide!market!in!terms!of!dollars!spent!and!quantity!of!active!ingredient!used!on!an!annual!basis.!This!report!

uses! the! best! available! information! from! the! public! domain! and! private! marketing! research! companies!

(proprietary! data! sources).! The! numbers!in!the! report! represent! approximate! values! rather!than! precise! values!

with!known!statistical!properties.!!

! The!Agency!has!a!wide!variety!of!public!and!proprietary!information!upon!which!to!base!estimates!of!

SHVWLFLGHVDOHVDQGXVH7KH%LRORJLFDODQG(FRQRPLF$QDO\VLV'LYLVLRQ%($'RI(3$¶V2IILFHRI3HVWLFLGH

Programs!(OPP)!maintains!extensive! files!and!library!materials.!These!materials!cover!different!pesticide!types!

and!groupings!in!the!agricultural!and!non[agricultural!market!sectors.!In!compiling!the!report,!the!Agency!used!

several! database! services,!including! one! from!the!USDA!and! others! from! private! pesticide!marketing! research!

companies.! The! private! marketing! research! data,! produced! by! well[known! organizations,! also! serve! pesticide!

registrants!and!other!private!sector!firms!analyzing!the!U.S.!and!world!pesticide!market.!!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!1

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 1.!Introduction!
Overview!of!Contents/Scope!of!Report

! This! report!profiles!the!U.S.! pesticide!industry,!on!an!annual!basis,! for!the! years!2006!and!2007,!and!

provides!data!covering!the!years!1988±2005!in!the!historical!data!tables.!Data!for!2002±2005!were!not!reported!

in!previous!publications.!Data!were!estimated!using!several!different!parameters! (e.g.,!pesticide!type,!pesticide!

group,! market! sector)! and! appear! in! tabular! format.! The! scope! of! the! report! is! largely! inclusive! of! the! U.S.!

pesticide!industry! and!includes! data! on! expenditures,! volume,!imports,! exports,! firms,!individuals!involved!in!

production!and!use!of!pesticides,!number!of!pesticides,!and!number!of!certified!applicators,!among!other!topics.!

Data!on!expenditures!and!sales!are!reported!in!nominal!terms!for!the!year!indicated!(i.e.,!not!adjusted!or!indexed!

for!inflation).!The!report!includes!graphical!representations!of!the!data!where!useful.!The!historical!section!of!the!

report! provides! data! from! 1988! to! 2007.! Data! from! 1980! to! 1987! are! available! on! the! EPA! website! (http://

www.epa.gov/opp00001/pestsales).!

! Following!this! Introduction! (Section! 1),!Section! 2! of!the! report! summarizes! world!and! U.S.! pesticide!

user!expenditures!in!2006!and!2007,!and!Section!3!summarizes!world!and!U.S.!pesticide!amounts!used!in!2006!

and! 2007.! Section! 4! presents! background!information! on! pesticide! market! sectors.! Finally,! Section! 5! presents!

historical!data!summarizing!pesticide!expenditures!and!estimates!of!amounts!used!from!1988!to!2007.!

The!writing!of!the!2008!and!2009 pesticides industry!sales!and!usage report!is!scheduled!to!begin!once!

all! of!the! supporting! pesticide! sales!and! usage! data! for! 2009 are published! and!available!to!EPA.!If! you! have!

questions!regarding!this!report!or!need!further!information,!please!contact!the!authors!by!e[mail!(or!telephone):!

kiely.timothy@epa.gov!(703[308[8112),!and!donaldson.david@epa.gov!(703[308[9546).

Page!222006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 1.!Introduction!
Page!intentionally!left!blank.

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!3

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency
2.! 2006!and!2007!Sales!

2.1! World!and!U.S.!Pesticide!Expenditures!

! World! pesticide! expenditures!totaled!more!than! $35.8! billion!in! 2006! and!more!than! $39.4! billion!in!

2007! (see! Table! 2.1).! ! Expenditures! on! herbicides! accounted! for! the! largest! portion! of! total! expenditures!

(approximately! 40%),! followed! by! expenditures! on!insecticides,! fungicides,! and! other! pesticides,! respectively.!!

Total!expenditures!increased!in!2007!due!to!increased!spending!on!all!pesticide!types.!

! U.S.! pesticide! expenditures! totaled! $11.8! billion! in! 2006! and! $12.5! billion! in! 2007,! in! proportions!

similar!to!those!of!world!expenditures,!with!a!relatively!larger!proportion!of!total!U.S.!expenditures!on!herbicides!

(see! Figure! 2.1).! ! In! 2007,! U.S.! expenditures! accounted! for! 32%! of! total! world! on! pesticides,! 38%! of! world!

expenditures! on! herbicides,! 39%! of! world! expenditures! on! insecticides,! 15%! of! world! expenditures! on!

fungicides,!and!25%!of!world!expenditures!on!other!pesticides.!!The!Agency!based!its!estimates!of!world!and!

U.S.!pesticide!expenditures!on!the!estimated!pesticide!expenditures!and!changes!in!pesticide!expenditures! from!

public! and! proprietary! EPA! databases.! ! See! Section! 2.3! for! a! more! detailed! look! at! U.S.! expenditures! on!

pesticides!in! 2006! and! 2007.! See! Section! 5.1! for! historical! data! on! U.S.! pesticide! expenditures! from! 1988!to!

2007.

Table!2.1!

World!and!U.S.!Pesticide!Expenditures!at!User!Level!

by!Pesticide!Type,!2006!and!2007!Estimates!

Note:! Totals! may! not! add! due! to! rounding.! ! Table! data! do! not! cover! wood! preservatives,! specialty! biocides,! and!

chlorine/hypochlorites.!

Source:!Cropnosis!Limited!(www.cropnosis.com),!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov),!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!

1. 3+HUELFLGHV ́LQFOXGHKHUELFLGHVDQGSODQWJURZWKUHJXODWRUV3*5V

2. 32WKHU ́LQFOXGHVQHPDWLFLGHVIXPLJDQWVDQGRWKHUPLVFHOODQHRXVFRQYHQWLRQDOSHVWLFLGHVSOXVRWKHUFKHPLFDOVXVHG

as!pesticides!(e.g.,!sulfur!and!petroleum!oil).!

Page!422006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 2.!2006!and!2007!Sales!

Year!and!! World!Market! U.S.!Market! U.S.!Percentage!

Pesticide!Type! Millions!of!$! %! Millions!of!$! %! of!World!Market!

2006

Herbicides1 14,247! 40 5,673! 48 40

Insecticides2 10,259! 29 4,091! 35 40

Fungicides2 7,987! 22 1,165! 10 15

Other3 3,320! 9! 855 7! 26

Total! 35,814! 100 11,784! 100 33

2007

Herbicides1 15,512! 39 5,856! 47 38

Insecticides2 11,158! 28 4,337! 35 39

Fungicides2 9,216! 23 1,375! 11 15

Other3 3,557! 9! 886 7! 25

Total! 39,443! 100 12,454! 100 32
2.2! Value!of!U.S.!Pesticides:!Producer!Level

! Table! 2.2! summarizes!the! 2006!and! 2007!average! value! of!U.S.! pesticides!at!the! producer!level.!The!!

table!includes!production,!import,!export,!and!supply!(total!and!net).!!There!was!an!annual!average!of!$9.8!billion!

from!domestic!pesticide!production,!$1.6!billion!imports,!$2.1!billion!exports,!and!$9.3!billion!net!supply!at!the!

producer!level!for!2006!and!2007.!!!

Table!2.2!

Value!of!U.S.!Pesticide!Production,!Imports,!Exports,!and!Supply!

at!Producer!Level

Note:!Excludes!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.! Includes!conven[

tional!pesticides!and!other!chemicals!used!as!pesticides!(e.g.,!sulfur!and!petroleum!oil).!

Source:!USDA/FAS!!(www.fas.usda.gov).!

Annual!Sales!

(Billions!of!Dollars)!

Average!of!2006!and!2007!

Production! 9.8!

Imports! 1.6!

Total!Supply! 11.4!

Exports! 2.1!

Net!Supply! 9.3!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!5

Figure!2.1!

World!and!U.S.!Pesticide!Expenditures!at!User!Level!!

by!Pesticide!Type,!2007!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 2.!2006!and!2007!Sales!

0

8,000

16,000

24,000

32,000

40,000

48,000

Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides Other Total

Pesticide!Type

Millions!of!Dollars

World!Market

U.S.!Market
Herbicides/Plant!

Growth!Regulators!!

Insecticides/!!

Miticides!!

Fungicides! Other* Year!!and!! !! Total!

Market!Sector!

Mil!$! %! Mil!$! %! Mil!$! %! Mil!$! %! Mil!$! %!

2006

Agriculture! 4,077! 72 1,830! 45 861 74 571 67 7,339! 62

Ind/Comm/Gov! 873 15 694 17 240 21 71 8! 1,878! 16

Home!&!Garden! 723 13 1,567! 38 64 5! 213 25 2,567! 22

Total! 5,673! 100 4,091! 100 1,165! 100 855 100 11,784! 100

2007

Agriculture! 4,211! 72 1,999! 46 1,066! 78 593 67 7,869! 63

Ind/Comm/Gov! 896 15 709 16 243 18 73 8! 1,921! 15

Home!&!Garden! 749 13 1,629! 38 66 5! 220 25 2,664! 21

Total! 5,856! 100 4,337! 100 1,375! 100 886 100 12,454! 100

Table!2.3!

User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type!and!Market!Sector,!2006!and!2007!Estimates

Note:!Totals!may!not!add!due!to!rounding.!Table!does!not!cover!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.!Due!to!lack!

of!data!resources,!the!home!and!garden!market!sector!estimates!for!2006!and!2007!as!well!as!the!industrial/commercial/government!VHFWRU¶VHVWL

mate!for!2007!were!calculated!based!on!the!percentage!change!from!2004!and!2005!data.!See!Section!5.1!for!2004!and!2005!data.!See!Tables!5.1!

to!5.4!for!1988±2007!estimates.

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!


32WKHU ́LQFOXGHVQHPDWLFLGHVIXPLJDQWVRWKHUPLVFHOODQHRXVFRQYHQWLRQDOSHVWLFLGHVDQGRWKHUFKHPLFDOVXVHGDVSHVWLFLGHs!(e.g.,!sulfur!and!

petroleum!oil).!

2.3! User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

! U.S.!expenditures!at!the! user!level! for!conventional!and!other!pesticides!totaled!$11.8!billion!in!2006!

and!$12.5!billion!in!2007!(see!Table!2.3).!!Pesticides!included!in!the!estimates!are!herbicides,!plant!growth!regu[

lators,!insecticides,! miticides,! fungicides,! nematicides,! fumigants,! sulfur,! petroleum! oil,! and! others.! ! The! esti[

mates!exclude!expenditures!on!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.!

! Increase!in!spending!in!the!agricultural!sector!on!all!pesticide!types!and!increases!in!spending!in!the!!!

non[agricultural!sectors!(industry/commercial/government!and!home!and!garden)!in!2007!resulted!in!an!increase!

in!total!2007!expenditures.!!Expenditures!in!the!agriculture!sector!accounted!for!nearly!two[thirds!of!total!expen[

ditures!in!both!years.!!Expenditures!on!herbicides!and!plant!growth!regulators!dominated!in!all!sectors!except!the!

home!and!garden!sector,!where!insecticides!comprised!more!than!60%!of!all!expenditures.!!The!Agency!based!its!

estimates!of!U.S.!pesticide!expenditures!on!the!estimated!pesticide!expenditures!and!estimated!changes!in!pesti[

cide!expenditures!from!public!and!proprietary!EPA!databases.!!See!Section!5.1!for!historical!data!on!U.S.!pesti[

cide!expenditures!from!1988!to!2007.!

! As!a!result!of!limitations!in!the!source!data!on!U.S.!pesticide!expenditures,!estimates!provided!in!Table!

2.3!group!nematicides!and!fumigants,!other!miscellaneous!conventional!pesticides,!and!other!chemicals!used!as!

SHVWLFLGHVLQWRWKH32WKHU ́FDWHJRU\(VWLPDWHVRISRXQGVRIQHPDWLFLGHVDQGIXPLJDQWVRWKHUPLVFHOODQHRXV

conventional!pesticides,!and!other!chemicals!used!as!pesticides!are!provided!in!Section!3!(see!Tables!3.4!and!

3.11).

Page!622006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 2.!2006!and!2007!Sales!
0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

Herbicides!/!PGR Insecticides!/!Miticides Fungicides Other

Millions!of!Dollars

Pesticide!Type

`

2.4! Farm!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!

! in!the!United!States!

! Pesticides! are! a! significant! component! of! total!

farm! expenditures! and! an! important! element! of! farm!!!!!!

budgeting!and!management.!!U.S.!pesticide!expenditures!in!

2006! and! 2007! totaled! 3.1%! and! 2.8%! of! total! farm!!!!!!!!

expenditures,! respectively! (see! Table! 2.4).! ! Both! farm!!!!

expenditures!and!pesticide!expenditures!increased!in!2007.!!

Total!farm!expenditures!are!based!on!USDA!estimates,!and!

pesticide!expenditure!estimates!are!based!on!Table!2.3.

Expenditure!

(Billion!$)! 2006 2007

Total! $237.8! $283.5!

Pesticides! $7.3! $7.9!

Pesticides!as!%!

of!Total! 3.1%! 2.8%!

Source:! EPA! estimates! based! on! Table! 2.3! and!

USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov).

Table!2.4

Farm!Expenditures!on!

Pesticides!in!the!United!States

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!7

Figure!2.2!

User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type!and!Market!Sector,!2007!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 2.!2006!and!2007!Sales!
3.! 2006!and!2007!Usage!

3.1! World!and!U.S.!Pesticide!Amount!Used!

! !

! World!pesticide!amount!used!was!approximately!5.2!billion!pounds!in!both!2006!and!2007!(see!Table!

3.1).!! Herbicides! accounted! for!the!largest! portion! of!total! use,! followed! by! other! pesticides,!insecticides,! and!

fungicides.!!Total!world!pesticide!amount!used!increased!in!2007.!U.S.!pesticide!amount!used!in!both!2006!and!

2007! exceeded! 1.1! billion! pounds,!in! proportions! similar!to!those! of! world! pesticide! use,! with! herbicides! and!

other!pesticides!representing!a!larger!portion!of!total!U.S.!pesticide!use!(see!Figure!3.1).!!U.S.!pesticide!amount!

used! accounted! for! 22%! of!total! world! pesticide! amount! used,! 25%! of! world! herbicide! amount! used,! 10%! of!

world! insecticide! amount! used,! 14%! of! world! fungicide! amount! used,! and! more! than! 25%! of! other! pesticide!

amount!used!in!both!years.!!The!Agency!based!its!estimates!of!world!and!U.S.!pesticide!amount!used!on!the!esti[

mated!pesticide!amount!used!and!estimated!changes!in!pesticide!amount!used!from!public!and!proprietary!EPA!

databases.!!See! Section! 5.2! for! historical! data! on!U.S.! pesticide! amount! used! from! 1988!to! 2007.!Data!in!this!

section!were!developed!to!compare!world!with!U.S.!pesticide!use.!!For!a!more!detailed!look!at!U.S.!pesticide!use!

DQGDIXUWKHUEUHDNRXWRIWKH3RWKHU ́SHVWLFLGHFDWHJRU\VHHWDEOHVDQGWKURXJK

Table!3.1!

World!and!U.S.!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!

by!Pesticide!Type,!2006!and!2007!Estimates!

Note:!Totals!may!not!add!due!to!rounding.!Does!not!include!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/

hypochlorites.!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!Cropnosis!Limited!(www.cropnosis.com),!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov),!and!

EPA!proprietary!data.!!

3+HUELFLGHV ́LQFOXGHKHUELFLGHVDQGSODQWJURZWKUHJXODWRUV

32WKHU ́LQFOXGHVQHPDWLFLGHVIXPLJDQWVDQGRWKHUPLVFHOODQHRXVFRQYHQWLRQDOSHVWLFLGHVDQGRWKHUFKHPLFDOVXVHG

as!pesticides!such!as!sulfur,!petroleum!oil,!and!sulfuric!acid.!!

Year!and!! World!Market! U.S.!Market! U.S.!Percentage!

Pesticide!Type! Mil!lbs! %! Mil!lbs! %! of!World!Market!

2006

Herbicides1 2,018! 39 498 44 25

Insecticides! 955 18 99 9! 10

Fungicides! 519 10 73 6! 14

Other2 1,705! 33 457 41 27

Total! 5,197! 100 1,127! 100 22

2007

Herbicides1 2,096! 40 531 47 25

Insecticides! 892 17 93 8! 10

Fungicides! 518 10 70 6! 14

Other2 1,705! 33 439 39 26

Total! 5,211! 100 1,133! 100 22

Page!822006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!
Figure!3.1!

World!and!U.S.!Pesticide!Amounts!of!Active!Ingredient!at!User!Level!

by!Pesticide!Type,!2007!Estimates!

3.2! Pesticide!Supply!in!the!United!States:!Producer!Level

! Table!3.2!summarizes!the!2006!and!2007!average!U.S.!distribution!of!pesticides!at!the!producer!level,!

including!the!amount!of!production,!imports,!exports,!and!supply!(total!and!net).!!The!pesticide!amount!related!to!

U.S.! pesticide! production! and! consumption! comprised! 1.2! billion! pounds! of! domestic! production,! 0.2! billion!

pounds!of!imports,!0.3!billion!pounds!of!exports,!and!1.1!billion!pounds!of!net!supply.!!

Note:!Excludes!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.!Includes!conven[

tional!pesticides!and!other!chemicals!used!as!pesticides!(e.g.,!sulfur!and!petroleum!oil).!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/FAS!!(www.fas.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!

Active!Ingredient!!

(Billions!of!Pounds)!

Average!of!2006!and!2007!

Production! 1.2!

Imports! 0.2!

Total!Supply! 1.4!

Exports! 0.3!

Net!Supply! 1.1!

Table!3.2!

U.S.!Pesticide!Production,!Imports,!Exports,!and!Supply!!

in!Amount!of!Active!Ingredient!at!Producer!Level

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!9

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides Other Total

Pesticide!Type

Millions!of!Pounds

World!Market

U.S.!Market
3.3! Pesticide!Amount!Used!in!the!United!States:!Total!

Total!pesticide!amount!used!in!the!United!States!was!approximately!5.1!billion!pounds!in!both!2006!and!

2007!(see!Table!3.3).!!These!estimates!include!conventional!pesticides,!other!chemicals!used!as!pesticides,!wood!

preservatives,! specialty! biocides,! and! chlorine/hypochlorites.! ! With! more! than! 2.6! billion! pounds! used,! the!

amount!of!chlorine/hypochlorites!used!was!greater!than!for!all!other!pesticide!groups!combined!(see!Figure!3.2).!!

The! estimates! of! use! by! group! rely! on! the! estimated! amount! used! and! changes! in! estimated! amount! used! by!

pesticide!group!derived! from!public!and!proprietary!EPA!databases.!!A!discussion!of!the!amount!used!of!each!

pesticide!group!in!2006!and!2007!appears!in!subsequent!sections!(see!footnotes!to!Table!3.3!for!locations).

Table!3.3!

Amount!of!Pesticides!Used!in!the!United!States!!

by!Pesticide!Group,!2006!and!2007!Estimates!

1.! See! Table! 3.4! (conventional! pesticides)! for! additional! details! and! specific! source!

information.!

32WKHUSHVWLFLGHV ́LQFOXGHRWKHUFKHPLFDOVXVHGDVSHVWLFLGHVHJVXOIXUDQGSHWUROHXP

oil).! ! See! Table! 3.11! (other! pesticides)! for! additional! details! and! specific! source!

information.!

3.! See! Table! 3.12! (specialty! biocides)! for! additional! details! and! specific! source!

information.!

4.! Due! to! the! lack! of! data! on! chlorine/hypochlorites! use,! the! estimate! is! based! on! the!

DPRXQW UHSRUWHGLQWKH SUHYLRXV UHSRUW 86(3$ 33HVWLFLGH ,QGXVWU\ 6DOHV DQG 8VDJH

DQG0DUNHW(VWLPDWHV ́

5.! Due! to! the! lack! of! data! available! for! 2006,! the! estimate! of! the! amount! of! wood!

preservatives! used! in! 2006! is! based! on! data! from! 2004.! See! Table! 3.13! for! additional!

details!and!specific!source!information.!!

Pesticide!Group! Total!!(Million!Pounds)!

2006 2007

Conventional!Pesticides1 821 857

Other!Pesticides2 306 276

Specialty!Biocides3!! 379 389

Chlorine/Hypochlorites!Used!In!

Water!Treatment4

2,609! 2,609!

Wood!Preservatives5 985 954

Total! 5,100! 5,085!

Page!1022006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!
Figure!3.2!

Amount!of!Pesticides!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Group,!2007!Estimates!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!11

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!

Conventional!Pesticides!

17%

Other!Pesticides!5%

Wood!Preservatives!19%

Specialty!Biocides!8%

Chlorine/Hypochlorites!

51%
3.4! Amount!of!Pesticides!Used!in!the!United!States:!Conventional!

Table!3.4!shows!that!the!amount!of!conventional!pesticide!used!in!2006!and!2007!totaled!821!and!857!

million! pounds! of! active!ingredient,! respectively.!!This! category! of! pesticide! use! was!third! highest! among! all!

pesticide!groups!in!the!United!States!after!chlorine/hypochlorites!and!wood!preservatives.!!Table!3.4!shows!the!

breakout!of!this!use!by!pesticide!type!and!market!sector.!!Pesticide!types!in!this!group!include!herbicides,!plant!

growth! regulators! (PGRs),! insecticides,! miticides,! fungicides,! nematicides,! fumigants,! and! others.!!The! amount!

used!in!the!agricultural!sector!accounted!for!the!majority!of!the!total!amount!used!in!2006!and!2007,!with!the!two!

non[agricultural! sectors! (industry/commercial/government! and! home! &! garden)! cumulatively! accounting! for!

approximately!one[fifth!of!the!total!use!in!each!year!(see!Table!3.4).!!The!amount!used!in!the!agriculture!sector!

also!accounted! for!the!majority! of!the!total!amount! used! by! pesticide!type270%! or!more! of!the!total!amount!

used!of!each!type,!except! for! fungicides!in!2006! (63%)!and!2007! (63%).!!Figure!3.3!graphs!the!distribution!of!

use! by! pesticide! type! and! sector! in! 2007.! ! The! estimated! use! levels! rely! on! the! estimated! amount! used! and!

changes!in!amount!used!of!conventional!pesticides!by!sector!and!type!derived!from!public!and!proprietary!EPA!

databases.!!!

Table!3.4!

Amount!of!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type!and!Market!Sector,!2006!and!2007!Estimates!

Herbicides/Plant!

Growth!Regulators!!

Insecticides/

Miticides!!

Fungicides!! Nematicide/

Fumigant!

Other!!

Conventional*

Year!and! Total!!

Market!Sector!

Mil!lbs! %! Mil!lbs! %! Mil!lbs! %! Mil!lbs! %! Mil!lbs! %! Mil!lbs! %!

2006!

Agriculture! 407 82 69 70 46 63 96 79 25 83 643 78

Ind/Comm/Gov! 45 9! 14 14 20 27 24 20 4! 13 107 13

Home!&!Garden! 46 9! 16 16 7! 10 1! 1! 1! 3! 71 9!

Total! 498 100 99 100 73 100 121 100 30 100 821 100

2007!

Agriculture! 442 83 65 70 44 63 108 81 25 83 684 80

Ind/Comm/Gov! 46 9! 14 15 19 27 24 18 4! 13 107 12

Home!&!Garden! 43 8! 14 15 7! 10 1! 1! 1! 3! 66 8!

Total! 531 100 93 100 70 100 133 100 30 100 857 100

Note:!Totals!may!not!add!due!to!rounding.!!Table!does!not!cover!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!chlorine/hypochlorites,!and!other!chemicals!!

XVHGDVSHVWLFLGHVHJVXOIXUDQGSHWUROHXPRLO7KHDEEUHYLDWLRQ3DL ́VWDQGVIRUDFWLYHLQJUHGLHQW

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!!

See!Tables!5.5!to!5.8!for!1988±2007!estimates.!


32WKHU&RQYHQWLRQDO ́SHVWLFLGHVLQFOXGHURGHQWLFLGHVDQGRWKHUPLVFHOODQHRXVFRQYHQWLRQDOSHVWLFLGHV

Page!1222006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Herbicides!/!Plant!

Growth!Regulators!

Insecticides!/!

Miticides

Fungicides Nematicides!/!

Fumigants

Other!Conventional

Millions!of!Pounds

Pesticide!Type

Figure!3.3!

Amount!of!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type!and!Market!Sector,!2007!Estimates

3.5! Share!of!U.S.!Amount!of!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!!

! Agricultural!and!Non^Agricultural!Market!Sectors!

! Table!3.5!shows!the!agricultural!and!non[agricultural!market!share!of!total!conventional!pesticides!con[

sumed!in!2006!and!2007.!!The!agricultural!sector!accounts! for!nearly!80%!of!the!total!amount!of!conventional!

pesticides!used!in!both!years.!!See!Table!5.9!in!Section!5.2!for!historical!data!covering!the!years!1970!through!

2007.

Table!3.5!

Share!of!U.S.!Amount!of!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!

Agricultural!and!Non^Agricultural!Market!Sectors,!2006!and!2007!Estimates!

Note:!Table!data!include!conventional!pesticides!only,!and!exclude!sulfur,!petroleum!oil,!and!other!chemicals!used!as!

pesticides!(e.g.,!sulfuric!acid!and!insect!repellents),!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.!

See!Table!5.9!for!1970±2007!data.!!!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!Table!3.4.!

Year U.S. Agricultural!Market!Sector!!!! Non[Agricultural!Market!Sector!!!!

Mil!lbs! Mil!lbs! %!of!U.S. Mil!lbs! %!of!U.S.!

2006 821 643 78 178 22

2007 857 684 80 173 20

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!13

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!
Note:!List!is!limited!to!conventional!pesticides!and!does!not!include!sulfur!and!petroleum!oil!(see!Table!3.11).!!H!indicates!herbicide?!I,!insecticide?!Fum,!

fumigant?!F,!fungicide?!and!PGR,!plant!growth!regulator.!A!dash!(2)!indicates!that!the!pesticide!was!not!one!of!the!25!most!commonly!used!(pesticides)!

in!the!given!year.!!Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!

3.6! Most!Commonly!Used!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredients!in!the!U.S.!!

! Agricultural!Market!Sector

! Table!3.6! shows!the! 25!most!commonly! used!conventional!pesticide!active!ingredients!in!the!agricul[

tural!sector!in!2007!and!selected!earlier!years.!!Glyphosate!was!the!most!used!active!ingredient!in!2007!(180!mil[

lion!to!185!million!pounds!used).!It!has!been!the!most!used!active!ingredient!in!agriculture!since!2001.!!Thirteen!

of!the!top!25!active!ingredients!used!in!the!agricultural!sector!are!herbicides?!3!are!fungicides?!3!are!insecticides?!

5!are!fumigants?!and!1!is!a!plant!growth!regulator.!!The!rankings!rely!on!the!estimated!pounds!of!conventional!

pesticides!used!in!the!agricultural!sector,!taken!from!public!and!proprietary!databases.!!

Page!1422006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

Table!3.6

Most!Commonly!Used!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredients,!!

Agricultural!Market!Sector,!2007,!2005,!2003,!and!2001!Estimates!

(Ranked!by!Range!in!Millions!of!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient)!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!

Active!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ingredient!

Type! 2007 2005 2003 2001

Rank! Range! Rank! Range! Rank! Range! Rank! Range!

Glyphosate! H! 1! 180[185 1! 155[160 1! 128[133 1! 85[90

Atrazine! H! 2! 73[78 2! 70[75 2! 75[80 2! 74[80

Metam!Sodium! Fum! 3! 50[55 3! 39[44 3! 45[50 3! 57[62

Metolachlor[S! H! 4! 30[35 5! 27[32 6! 28[33 9! 20[24

Acetochlor! H! 5! 28[33 6! 26[31 5! 30[35 4! 30[35

Dichloropropene! Fum! 6! 27[32 4! 30[35 7! 20[24 8! 20[25

2,4[D! H! 7! 25[29 7! 24[28 4! 30[35 5! 28[33

Methyl!Bromide! Fum! 8! 11[15 8! 12[16 8! 13[17 7! 20[25

Chloropicrin! Fum! 9! 9[11 10 9[12 9! 9[12 18 5[9!

Pendimenthalin! H! 10 7[9! 9! 9[12 10 9[12 11 15[19

Ethephon! PGR! 11 7[9! 11 8[10 15 6[7! 21 5[8!

Chlorothalonil! F! 12 7[9! 13 7[9! 14 7[9! 13 8[11

Metam!Potassium! Fum! 13 7[9! 20 4[6! 20 4[6! 2 1[2!

Chlorpyrifos! I! 14 7[9! 15 6[8! 13 7[9! 15 8[11

Copper!Hydroxide! F! 15 6[8! 12 8[10 12 7[9! 14 8[10

Simazine! H! 16 5[7! 17 5[7! 17 6[7! 23 5[7!

Trifluralin! H! 17 5[7! 14 7[9! 11 8[10 12 12[16

Propanil! H! 18 4[6! 18 4[6! 18 5[7! 17 6[9!

Mancozeb! F! 19 4[6! 16 6[8! 16 6[7! 20 6[8!

Aldicarb! I! 20 3[4! 21 3[5! 25 4[6! 2 3[5!

Acephate! I! 21 2[4! 24 2[4! 2 1[3! 2 1[3!

Diuron! H! 22 2[4! 19 4[6! 21 4[6! 2 3[6!

MCPA! H! 23 2[4! 2 2[4! 24 4[6! 2 3[5!

Paraquat! H! 24 2[4! 25 2[4! 2 3[4! 2 3[5!

Dimethenamid! H! 25 2[4! 2 2[4! 23 4[6! 19 6[8!
3.7! Most!Commonly!Used!!

! Conventional!Pesticide!!

! Active!Ingredients!in!the!!

! U.S.!Non^Agricultural!

! Market!Sectors!

! Tables! 3.7! and! 3.8! show! the! 10!

most! commonly! used! conventional!

pesticide! active! ingredients! in! the! two!!

non[agricultural! sectors! (home! &! garden!

and! industry/commercial/government)! for!

2007! and! selected! earlier! years.! ! In! both!

sectors,! 2,4[D! was! the! most! used! active!

ingredient,!with!between!8!and!11!million!

pounds! used! in! the! home! and! garden!

sector!(see!Table!3.7)!and!between!19!and!

22! million! pounds! used! in! the! industry/

commercial/government! sector! (see!Table!

3.8).! ! Seven! of! the! top! 10! active!

ingredients! used! in! the! home! and! garden!

sector! are! herbicides,! and! three! are!

insecticides.! Six! of! the! top! 10! active!

ingredients! used! in! the! industry/

commercial/government! sector! are!

herbicides,! two! are! fungicides,! and! two!

are! insecticides.! ! As! noted! in! Table! 3.8,!

because!some!applicators!apply!pesticides!

in!both!markets,!there!may!be!some!usage!

reported! in! one! market! that! may! have!

occurred! in! the! other.! ! The! rankings! are!

based!on!!EPA!proprietary!data.!

Table!3.8

Most!Commonly!Used!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredients!

Industry/Commercial/Government!Market!Sector!!

2007,!2005,!2003,!and!2001!Estimates!

(Ranked!by!Range!in!Millions!of!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient)!

Table!3.7

Most!Commonly!Used!Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredients!

Home!and!Garden!Market!Sector!

2007,!2005,!2003,!and!2001!Estimates!

(Ranked!by!Range!in!Millions!of!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient)!

Note:!Does!not!include!moth!controls:!Paradiclorobenzene! (30±35!million!pounds!per!year)!and!naphtha[

lene!(2±4!million!pounds!per!year).!Also!does!not!include!insect!repellent!N,N[diethyl[meta[toluamide!(5±7!

million!pounds! per! year).!H!indicates! herbicide,!and! I!indicates!insecticide.!A! dash! (2)!indicates!that!an!

estimate!is!not!available.!Due!to!lack!of!data,!the!same!estimates!are!used! for!both!2005!and!2007!in!this!

report.!Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!EPA!proprietary!data.!

Note:!Includes!applications!to!homes!and!gardens!by!professional!applicators.!Does!not!include!sulfur!or!

petroleum!oil.!!H!indicates!herbicide?!I,!insecticide?!and!F,!fungicide.!!A!dash!(2)!indicates!that!an!esti[

mate!is!not!available.!Due!to!lack!of!data,!the!same!estimate!is!used!for!both!2005!and!2007!in!this!report.!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!EPA!proprietary!data.!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!15

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!

Active!!!!!!!!!!!

Ingredient!

2007!&!2005! 2003 2001

Type!!! Rank! Range! Rank! Range! Rank! Range!

2,4[D! H! 1! 19[22 1! 19[22 1! 16[18

Glyphosate! H! 2! 13[15 2! 13[15 2! 13[15

Chlorothalonil! F! 3! 3[5! 4! 3[5! 5! 2[4!

MSMA! H! 4! 2[4! 5! 3[5! 8! 2[4!

Diuron! H! 5! 2[4! 6! 2[4! 7! 2[4!

Pendimethalin! H! 6! 2[4! 8! 2[4! 4! 3[5!

Triclopyr! H! 7! 2[4! 7! 2[4! 9! 1[3!

Copper!Sulfate! F! 8! 2[4! 3! 4[6! 3! 4[6!

Malathion! I! 9! 1[3! 9! 1[3! 10 1[3!

Sulfuryl!fluoride! I! 10 1[3! 10 1[3! 2 2

Active!!!!!!!!!!!

Ingredient!

2007!&!2005! 2003 2001

Type!!! Rank! Range! Rank! Range! Rank! Range!

2,4[D! H! 1! 8[11 1! 8[11 1! 8[11

Glyphosate! H! 2! 5[8! 5! 5[8! 2! 5[8!

Carbaryl! I! 3! 4[6! 2! 6[9! 6! 2[4!

MCPP! H! 4! 4[6! 3! 5[8! 5! 4[6!

Pendimethalin! H! 5! 3[5! 4! 5[8! 3! 3[6!

Pyrethroids! I! 6! 2[4! 7! 2[4! 2 <1

Malathion! I! 7! 2[4! 6! 3[6! 8! 2[4!

Dicamba! H! 8! 1[3! 9! 1[3! 7! 2[4!

Trifluralin! H! 9! 1[3! 2 <1 2 <1

Pelarganoc!Acid! H! 10 <1 2 <1 2 <1
Table!3.9!

Amount!of!Organophosphate!Insecticide!Active!Ingredients!Used!in!the!United!States!

All!Market!Sectors,!1990±2007!Estimates!

3.8! Amount!of!Organophosphate!Insecticides!Used!in!the!United!States!

! Table!3.9!shows!the!total!amount!of!organophosphate!insecticide!used!annually!since!1990.!!The!top!10!

active!ingredients!used!in!2007!in!this!pesticide!class!are!chlorpyrifos,!malathion,!acephate,!naled,!dicrotophos,!

phosmet,!phorate,!diazinon,!dimethoate,!and!azinphos[methyl! (see!Table!3.10).!!Since!the!passage!of!the!Food!

Quality!Protection!Act!(FQPA)!in!1996,!this!class!of!conventional!pesticides!has!been!a!primary! focus!of!EPA!

reregistration!and!registration!review!activities.!!For!more!information!on!the!active!ingredients!included!in!this!

SHVWLFLGH FODVV DQGWKHLU UHJLVWUDWLRQ VWDWXV UHIHUWR 86 (3$¶V 2IILFH RI 3HVWLFLGH 3URJUDPV 6SHFLDO 'RFNHW

EPA[HQ[OPP[2007[0151!at!www.regulations.gov.!

! The! amount! of! organophosphate! insecticides! used! has! declined! more! than! 60%! since! 1990,! from! an!

estimated!85!million!pounds!in!1990!to!33!million!pounds!in!2007! (see!Table!3.9).!!Organophosphate!use!as!a!

percent!of!total!insecticide!use!has!decreased!from!70%!in!1990!to!36%!in!2007.!!The!estimates!of!organophos[

phate!insecticide! use! rely!on!the!estimated!amount!used!and!changes!in!the!amount! used!of!organophosphates!

from!public!and!proprietary!EPA!databases.!

Year!! All!Insecticides! Organophosphate!Insecticides!

Mil!lbs!! Mil!lbs!! %!of!All!Insecticides!

1980 228 131 57

1985 161 114 71

1990 121 85 70

1991 114 82 72

1992 116 84 72

1993 115 79 69

1994 124 83 67

1995 125 80 64

1996 116 75 65

1997 112 73 65

1998 103 66 64

1999 126 91 72

2000 122 88 72

2001 105 73 70

2002 130 59 45

2003 115 46 40

2004 114 46 40

2005 104 40 39

2006 99 37 38

2007 93 33 35

Source:! EPA! estimates! based! on! USDA/NASS! (www.nass.usda.gov)! and! EPA! proprietary!

data.!!

Page!1622006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!
0

50

100

150

200

250

1980 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Organophosphate!Insecticides!

All!Other!Insecticides!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!17

Note:!A!dash!(2)!indicates!that!an!estimate!is!not!available.!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!!

Table!3.10!

Most!Commonly!Used!Organophosphate!Insecticide!Active!Ingredients,!

All!Market!Sectors,!2007,!2005,!2003,!and!2001!Estimates!

(Ranked!by!Range!in!Millions!of!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient)!

Figure!3.4!

Total!Amount!of!Organophosphate!and!All!Other!Insecticide!Active!Ingredients!!

Used!in!the!United!States!in!All!Market!Sectors,!1990±2007

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!

Active!Ingredient!

2007 2005 2003 2001

Rank! Range! Rank! Range! Rank! Range! Rank! Range!

Chlorpyrifos! 1! 8[11 2! 7[9! 2! 9[11 2! 11[16

Malathion! 2! 5[9! 1! 11[13 1! 11[13 1! 23[32

Acephate! 3! 4[6! 3! 4[6! 5! 2[4! 5! 2[3!

Naled! 4! 1[2! 5! 1[2! 7! 1[2! 2 2

Dicrotophos! 5! 1[2! 7! 1[2! 2 2 2 2

Phosmet! 6! 1[2! 4! 1[2! 6! 1[2! 8! 1[2!

Phorate! 7! 1[2! 6! 1[2! 9! 1[2! 6! 2[3!

Diazinon! 8! <1 8! <1 3! 3[5! 3! 4[7!

Dimethoate! 9! <1 10 <1 2 2 10 1[2!

Azinphos[Methyl! 10 <1 9! <1 8! 1[2! 9! 1[2!

Year!

Millions!of!Pounds!

Note:!The!dotted!vertical!line!indicates!a!change!in!time!scale.!
3.9! Pesticide!Amount!Used!in!the!United!States:!Other!

! The!total! amount! of! other! pesticides! used!in!the! United! States was!more than! 300!million! pounds!in!

2006!and!more!than!275!million!pounds!in!2007 (see!Table!3.11).!!The!pesticides!in!this!group!include!sulfur?!

petroleum! oil?! other! chemicals! used! as! pesticides,! such! as! sulfuric! acid? insect! repellents! (e.g.,! DEET)? moth

control!products!(e.g.,!paradichlorobenzene)? and!others.!!In!2007,!nearly!all!of!the!sulfur!and!oil!used (84%)!was

in!the!agricultural!sector,!while!the!use of!the!other!pesticides!in!this!group!was mainly!in!the agricultural!and!

home!and!garden! sectors! (91%).!!The!decrease!in!the!amount! used! from!2006!to 2007 resulted!mainly! from!a!

decrease!in!the! use of other! pesticides!in!the! agricultural! sector.! ! Nearly!three[fourths! of!the!total! amount! of!

sulfur,!oil, and other!pesticides!used!was!in!the!agricultural!sector.!!The!estimated!use!levels rely on!the!amount!

used!and!changes!in!the!amount!used!of!sulfur,!oil, and!other!pesticides!by!sector!and!type!derived!from!public

and!proprietary!EPA!databases.

Table!3.11!

Other!Pesticides!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type!and!Market!Sector,!2006!and!2007!Estimates!

Note:!Totals!may! not!add! due!to! rounding.!!Table! estimates! do! not!include! conventional! pesticides,! wood!

SUHVHUYDWLYHVVSHFLDOW\ELRFLGHVRUFKORULQHK\SRFKORULWHV7KHDEEUHYLDWLRQ3DL ́LVIRUDFWLYHLQJUHGLHQW

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!!

See!Tables!5.5!to!5.8!for!1988±2007!estimates.!Due!to!lack!of!available!data,!the!estimated!amount!of!sulfur!

and! petroleum! oil! and! the estimated! amount! of other! pesticides! in the! industry/commercial/government!

sector!were!carried!forward!from!the!2001!report.

36XOIXUDQG2LO ́LQFOXGHVVXOIXUSHWUROHXPGLVWLOODWHDQGSHWUROHXPRLO

 32WKHU ́ LQFOXGHV VXOIXULF DFLG SKRVSKRULF DFLG LQVHFW UHSHOOHQWV ]LQF VXOIDWH PRWK FRQWURO FKHPLFDOV

(e.g.,! paradichlorobenzene! and! naphthalene),! and! other! miscellaneous! chemicals! used! as! pesticides! but!!!

produced!largely!for!non[pesticidal!purposes.!!

Sulfur!and!Oil1 Other2 Year!!and!! Total!

Market!Sector!! Mil!lbs! %! Mil!lbs! %! Mil!lbs! %!

2006

Agriculture! 159 85 64 54 223 73

Ind/Comm/Gov! 14 7! 8! 7! 22 7!

Home!&!Garden! 15 8! 46 39 61 20

Total! 188 100 118 100 306 100

2007

Agriculture! 152 84 41 43 193 70

Ind/Comm/Gov! 14 8! 8! 8! 22 8!

Home!&!Garden! 15 8! 46 48 61 22

Total! 181 100 95 100 276 100

Page!1822006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!
Table!3.12!

Specialty!Biocides!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!End^Use!Market,!2006!and!2007!Estimates!

Table!3.13!

Wood!Preservatives!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!End^Use!Market,!2004!and!2007!Estimates!

3.10! Pesticide!Amount!Used!in!the!United!States:!Specialty!Biocides!and!!

! Wood!Preservatives!

! Tables!3.12!and!3.13! show!the!total!amount!of! specialty!biocides!and!wood!preservatives!by!end[use!

market!in!the!United!States!in!2006!and!2007,!respectively.!!Specialty!biocides!include!water!treatment!chemi[

cals,!disinfectants!and!sanitizers,!and!products!for!other!uses,!such!as!in!adhesives,!sealants,!and!leather.!!More!

than! 80%! of! the! total! amount! of! specialty! biocides! used! in! 2006! and! 2007! were! water! treatment! chemicals.!!

Wood!preservatives!include!waterborne!preservatives,!oilborne!preservatives,!and!creosote.!Creosote!accounted!

for!78%!of!the!total!wood!preservative!amount!used!in!2007.!

Year!!and!! Total!

End!Use!Market! Mil!lbs! %!

2006

Recreational!and!Industrial!

Water!Treatment1!!

311 82

Disinfectants!and!Sanitizers2 25 7!

Other!Specialty!Biocides3 44 12

Total! 379 100

2007

Recreational!and!Industrial!

Water!Treatment1!!

319 82

Disinfectants!and!Sanitizers2 26 7!

Other!Specialty!Biocides3 45 12

Total! 389 100

Note:!Totals!do!not!sum!due!to!rounding.!!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!EPA!proprietary!data.!

  35HFUHDWLRQDO DQG ,QGXVWULDO:DWHU 7UHDWPHQW ́ GRHV QRWLQFOXGH

hypochlorite!or!chlorine!use.!

 3'LVLQIHFWDQWV DQG 6DQLWL]HUV ́ LQFOXGHV LQGXVWULDOLQVWLWXWLRQDO

applications! and! household! cleaning! products.! ! Does! not! include!

hypochlorite!or!chlorine!use.!

 32WKHU 6SHFLDOW\ %LRFLGHV ́ LQFOXGHV ELRFLGHV IRU DGKHVLYHV DQG

sealants,! leather,! synthetic! latex! polymers,! metalworking! fluids,!

paints! and! coatings,! petroleum! products,! plastics,! mineral! slurries,!

and!textiles.!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!19

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 3.!2006!and!2007!Usage!

Note:!Due!to!lack!of!data!resources,!data!are!only!available!for!the!

years!2004!and!2007.!Percentages!for!2007!do!not!sum!to!100!due!

to!rounding.!!

Source:! Statistical! Overview! of! the! U.S.! Wood! Preservatives!

Industry:! 2004! and! 2007.! by! Richard! P.! Vlosky.! "Wood!

Preservatives"! include! creosote,! pentachlorophenol,! chromated!

copper!arsenate!(CCA),!and!micronized!copper!systems.!

Year!!and!! Total!

End!Use!Market! Mil!lbs! %!

2006

Waterborne!Preservatives! 183 19

Oilborne!Preservatives! 23 2!

Creosote! 779 79

Total! 985 100

2007

Waterborne!Preservatives! 185 19

Oilborne!Preservatives! 23 2!

Creosote! 746 78

Total! 954 100
4.! Producers!and!Users!

4.1! Pesticide!Producers!and!Users!in!2007! !!

! Table!4.1!lists!2007!estimates!of!the!number!of!firms!that!are!pesticide!producers,!formulators,!and!dis[

tributors.!!Table!4.2!lists!2007!estimates!of!the!number!of!exterminating!and!pest!control!firms!and!certified!pes[

ticide!applicators.!!Table!4.3!lists!2007!estimates!of! farm!land,!acres!harvested,!and!the!number!of! farms!using!

pesticides!and!fertilizers.!!Table!4.4!lists!2007!estimates!of!the!number!of!households!using!pesticides.!!

Table!4.3!

Land!in!Farms,!Land!Harvested,!Number!

of!Farms,!and!Farms!Using!Pesticides!

Land!in!Farms!(acres)! 922!million!

Land!Harvested!(acres)! 310!million!

Total!Number!of!Farms! 2.204!million!

Total!Number!of!Farms!with!Cropland! 1.685!million!

Total!Number!of!Farms!with!Har[

vested!!Cropland!

1.328!million!

Number!of!Farms!Using!Chemicals!for:

!!Insects!on!Crops/Hay! 354,357!

!!Nematodes! 34,992!

!!Diseases!on!Crops/Orchards! 97,333!

!!Weed/Grass/Brush! 703,884!

!!Defoliation/Fruit!Thinning! 44,638!

!!Any!or!all!of!the!above! 918,604!

!!Any!or!all!of!the!above!plus!fertilizer! 1,288,360!

Pesticide!Type! Households!

Insecticides! 59!million!

Fungicides! 14!million!

Herbicides! 41!million!

Repellents! 53!million!

Disinfectants! 59!million!

Any!Pesticides! 78!million!

Note:!In!2000!the!U.S.!Census!Bureau!estimated!the!U.S.!popula[

tion!to!be!281.4!million!with!105.5!million!households.!

Source:! EPA! estimates! based! on! the! 1992! EPA! National! Home!

and! Garden! Survey! and! 2000! U.S.! Census! Bureau! population!

estimates!(www.quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states).!

Table!4.4

Number!of!U.S.!Households!Using!Pesticides

by!Pesticide!Type

Major!Pesticide!Producers! 12

Other!Pesticide!Producers! 100

Major!Pesticide!Formulators! 120±150

Other!Pesticide!Formulators! 1,550!

Major!Distributors!and!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Establishments! 150±250

Other!Distributors!and!!

Establishments! 13,250!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!EPA!proprietary!data.

Table!4.1!

Number!of!U.S.!Pesticide!Producers,!

Formulators,!and!Distributors

Exterminating!and!Pest!Control!Firms! 25,600!

Private1!Certified!Applicators!! 538,053!

Commercial2!Certified!Applicators! 399,044

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!EPA!proprietary!data and!2007!!

EPA!data!on!the!number!of!certified!private!and!commercial!pesticide!

applicators.!

1.!Private!certified!applicators!refers!primarily!to!individual!farmers.!

2.!Commercial!certified!applicators!refers!to!professional!!

pesticide!applicators.

Table!4.2

Number!of!Exterminating!and!Pest!Control!

Firms!and!Number!of!Certified!Applicators!

Source:!2007!USDA!Census!of!Agriculture!

(www.agcensus.usda.gov).!!

Page!2022006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 4.!Producers!and!Users!
5.! Historical!Data!

5.1!!! Annual!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States:!1988±2007

! Tables! 5.1! through! 5.4! and! corresponding! figures! summarize! annual! user! expenditures! on! pesticides!

since!1988.!!Table!5.1! summarizes!user!expenditures!on!pesticides!in!all!markets!combined,!while!Tables!5.2,!

5.3,! and! 5.4! and! corresponding! figures! summarize! user! expenditures!in!the! agricultural,!industry/commercial/

government,!and!home!and!garden!markets,!respectively.!!In!each!market,!user!expenditures!on!pesticides!have!

increased!in!total!and!by!type!since!1988,!although!the!total!amount!has!fluctuated!from!year!to!year.!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!21

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data!
Figure!5.1!

Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates!

All!Market!Sectors!

Page!2222006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data!

Table!5.1!

Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates!

All!Market!Sectors!

Note:!Excludes!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.!Data!on!pesticide!expenditures!are!reported!in!nominal!terms.!!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!!

*!Includes!fungicides,!nematicides,!fumigants,!other!miscellaneous!conventional!pesticides,!and!other!chemicals!used!as!pesticides!(e.g.,!sulfur!and!petroleum!oil).!

See!Table!2.3.!

Year

Expenditure!(Millions!of!Dollars)!

Year

Expenditure!(Millions!of!Dollars)!

Herbicides/

PGR! Insecticides! Fungicides!and!Other* Total! Herbicides/!PGR! Insecticides! Total! Fungicides!and!Other*!

1988 4,121! 1,964! 1,190! 7,275! 1998 6,853! 2,872! 1,691! 11,416!

1989 4,305! 1,978! 1,141! 7,424! 1999 6,368! 3,046! 1,741! 11,155!

1990 4,473! 2,083! 1,171! 7,727! 2000 6,365! 3,129! 1,671! 11,165!

1991 4,682! 2,139! 1,223! 8,044! 2001 6,410! 3,124! 1,556! 11,090!

1992 5,004! 2,198! 1,183! 8,385! 2002 6,250! 3,355! 1,566! 11,171!

1993 5,094! 2,479! 1,259! 8,832! 2003 6,240! 3,515! 1,670! 11,425!

1994 5,944! 2,722! 1,408! 10,074! 2004 6,166! 3,874! 1,865! 11,905!

1995 6,276! 3,017! 1,488! 10,781! 2005 5,979! 4,014! 1,984! 11,977!

1996 6,599! 2,849! 1,521! 10,969! 2006 5,673! 4,091! 2,020! 11,784!

1997 6,846! 2,957! 1,528! 11,331! 2007 5,856! 4,337! 2,261! 12,454!

Fungicides!&!Other

Insecticides

Herbicides

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Million!of!Dollars
Figure!5.2!

Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates!

Agricultural!Market!Sector!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!23

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data!

Table!5.2!

Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates!

Agricultural!Market!Sector!

Note:!Excludes!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.!Data!on!pesticide!expenditures!are!reported!in!nominal!terms.!For!the!years!1988[1990!

and!1995,!USDA!national!estimates!of!farm!expenditures!on!agricultural!pesticides,!which!include!pesticide!application!costs,!arHORZHUWKDQ(3$¶VHVWLPDWHVZKLFKGR

not!include!pesticide!application!costs.!Data!are!not!available!to!reconcile!these!data!inconsistencies.!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!!

*!Includes!fungicides,!nematicides,!fumigants,!other!miscellaneous!conventional!pesticides,!and!other!chemicals!used!as!pesticides!(e.g.,!sulfur!and!petroleum!oil).!

See!Table!2.3.!

Year

Expenditure!(Millions!of!Dollars)!

Year

Expenditure!(Millions!of!Dollars)!

Herbicides/

PGR! Insecticides! Fungicides!and!Other* Total! Herbicides/!PGR! Insecticides! Total! Fungicides!and!Other*!

1988 3,080! 1,010! 775 4,865! 1998 5,632! 1,427! 1,209! 8,268!

1989 3,255! 978 800 5,033! 1999 5,012! 1,370! 1,243! 7,625!

1990 3,463! 1,067! 842 5,372! 2000 5,007! 1,411! 1,194! 7,612!

1991 3,644! 687 884 5,215! 2001 4,987! 1,326! 1,091! 7,404!

1992 3,915! 1,058! 829 5,802! 2002 4,808! 1,470! 1,069! 7,347!

1993 3,987! 1,123! 895 6,005! 2003 4,784! 1,434! 1,162! 7,380!

1994 4,808! 1,293! 1,036! 7,137! 2004 4,645! 1,750! 1,301! 7,696!

1995 5,112! 1,607! 1,107! 7,826! 2005 4,431! 1,829! 1,410! 7,670!

1996 5,399! 1,480! 1,128! 8,007! 2006 4,077! 1,830! 1,432! 7,339!

1997 5,610! 1,551! 1,124! 8,285! 2007 4,211! 1,999! 1,659! 7,869!

Fungicides!&!Other

Insecticides

Herbicides

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Million!of!dollars
Figure!5.3!

Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates!

Industry/Commercial/Government!Market!Sector!

Page!2422006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data!

Table!5.3!

Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates!

Industry/Commercial/Government!Market!Sector!

Note:!Excludes!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.!Data!on!pesticide!expenditures!are!reported!in!nominal!terms.!!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!!

*!Includes!fungicides,!nematicides,!fumigants,!other!miscellaneous!conventional!pesticides,!and!other!chemicals!used!as!pesticides!(e.g.,!sulfur!and!petroleum!oil).!

See!Table!2.3.!

Year

Expenditure!(Millions!of!Dollars)!

Year

Expenditure!(Millions!of!Dollars)!

Herbicides/

PGR! Insecticides! Fungicides!and!Other* Total! Herbicides/!PGR! Insecticides! Total! Fungicides!and!Other*!

1988 600 394 240 1,234! 1998 728 425 292 1,445!

1989 630 317 180 1,127! 1999 794 463 289 1,546!

1990 593 307 169 1,069! 2000 762 468 255 1,485!

1991 616 328 176 1,120! 2001 792 510 233 1,535!

1992 648 378 186 1,212! 2002 802 546 255 1,603!

1993 660 406 191 1,257! 2003 807 688 257 1,752!

1994 679 533 197 1,409! 2004 847 675 304 1,826!

1995 700 527 202 1,429! 2005 850 679 306 1,835!

1996 721 458 208 1,387! 2006 873 694 311 1,878!

1997 743 386 214 1,343! 2007 896 709 316 1,921!

Fungicides!&!Other

Insecticides

Herbicides

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Million!of!Dollars
Figure!5.4

Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates

Home!and!Garden!Market!Sector

Fungicides!and!Others

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!25

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data

Table!5.4

Annual!User!Expenditures!on!Pesticides!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates

Home!and!Garden!Market!Sector

Note:!Excludes!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.!Data!on!pesticide!expenditures!are!reported!in!nominal!terms.!

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!

*!Includes!fungicides,!nematicides,!fumigants,!other!miscellaneous!conventional!pesticides,!and!other!chemicals!used!as!pesticides!(e.g.,!sulfur!and!petroleum!oil).

See!Table!2.3.

Year

Expenditure!(Millions!of!Dollars)

Year

Expenditure!(Millions!of!Dollars)

Herbicides/

PGR Insecticides Fungicidesand!Other* Total Herbicides/PGR Insecticides Total Fungicides!and!Other*

1988 441 601 175 1,217 1998 493 1,020 190 1,703

1989 420 683 161 1,264 1999 562 1,213 209 1,984

1990 417 710 160 1,287 2000 596 1,250 222 2,068

1991 423 724 162 1,309 2001 631 1,288 232 2,151

1992 441 762 168 1,371 2002 640 1,339 242 2,221

1993 446 870 174 1,490 2003 649 1,393 251 2,293

1994 456 895 175 1,526 2004 674 1,449 260 2,383

1995 465 883 179 1,527 2005 698 1,506 268 2,472

1996 479 910 185 1,574 2006 723 1,567 277 2,567

1997 493 1,020 190 1,703 2007 749 1,629 286 2,664

Fungicides!&!Other

Insecticides

Herbicides

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Million!of!Dollars
5.2! Annual!Amount!of!Pesticides!Used!in!the!United!States:!1988±2007

! Tables!5.5!through!5.8!and!corresponding!figures!summarize!the!annual!amount!of!pesticides!used!since!

1988.!!Table!5.5!summarizes!the!amount!of!pesticides!used!in!all!markets!combined,!while!Tables!5.6,!5.7,!and!

5.8!and!corresponding!figures!summarize!the!amount!of!pesticides!used!in!the!agricultural,!industry/commercial/

government,!and!home!and!garden!markets,!respectively.!!!

Page!2622006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data!
Fungicides

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!27

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data

Table!5.5

Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates

All!Market!Sectors

Note:!Excludes!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!

1.!!!Other!conventional!pesticides!include!nematicides,!fumigants,!and!other!miscellaneous!conventional!pesticides.!See!Table 3.4.

32WKHU ́LQFOXGHVVXOIXUSHWUROHXPDQGRWKHUFKHPLFDOVXVHGDVSHVWLFLGHVHJVXOIXULFDFLGDQGLQVHFWUHSHOOHQWVSee Table!3.11.

Year

Million!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient

Year

Million!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient

Herbi[

cides/

PGR

Insecti[

cides

Fungi[

cides Total

Herbi[

cides/

PGR

Insecti[

cides Total Fungi[cides! Other Other! 2Conv1 Other Other! 2Conv1

1988 557 132 99 137 266 1,191 1998 555 103 86 168 294 1,206

1989 567 123 98 154 251 1,193 1999 534 126 79 173 332 1,244

1990 564 121 91 173 252 1,201 2000 542 122 74 188 308 1,234

1991 546 114 86 182 226 1,154 2001 553 105 73 157 315 1,203

1992 554 116 81 189 246 1,186 2002 527 130 71 157 321 1,206

1993 527 115 80 192 248 1,162 2003 527 115 76 150 335 1,203

1994 583 124 79 199 244 1,229 2004 521 114 75 175 325 1,210

1995 556 125 77 203 249 1,210 2005 513 104 78 149 308 1,152

1996 578 116 79 222 234 1,229 2006 498 99 73 151 306 1,127

1997 568 112 81 197 270 1,228 2007 531 93 70 163 276 1,133

Other

Other!Conventional

Fungicides

Insecticides

Herbicides

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Million!of!Pounds

Year

Figure!5.5

Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!by!Pesticide!Type,!

1988±2007!Estimates

All!Market!Sectors
Figure!5.6

Annual!Amount!of!!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates

Agricultural!Market!Sector

Page!2822006!and!2007!Market!Estimates

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data

Table!5.6

Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates

Agricultural!Market!Sector

Note:!Excludes!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!

1.!!!Other!conventional!pesticides!include!nematicides,!fumigants,!and!other!miscellaneous!conventional!pesticides.!See!Table 3.4.

32WKHU ́LQFOXGHVVXOIXUSHWUROHXPDQGRWKHUFKHPLFDOVXVHGDVSHVWLFLGHVHJVXOIXULFDFLGDQGLQVHFWUHSHOOHQWVSee Table!3.11.

Year

Million!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient

Year

Million!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient

Herbi[

cides/

PGR

Insecti[

cides

Fungi[

cides Total

Herbi[

cides/

PGR

Insecti[

cides Total Fungi[cides Other Other! 2Conv1 Other Other! 2Conv1

1988 450 91 54 95 177 867 1998 465 69 54 136 212 936

1989 460 85 54 113 161 873 1999 428 93 45 140 250 956

1990 455 82 50 133 164 884 2000 432 90 44 156 226 948

1991 440 77 47 144 140 848 2001 433 73 42 127 232 907

1992 450 78 45 150 161 884 2002 417 97 40 127 238 919

1993 425 72 47 154 166 864 2003 426 80 43 120 252 921

1994 485 80 48 163 163 939 2004 425 82 43 145 242 937

1995 461 85 49 170 168 933 2005 421 73 47 119 225 885

1996 481 81 51 190 152 955 2006 407 69 46 121 223 866

1997 470 79 53 165 188 955 2007 442 65 44 133 193 877

Other

Other!Conventional

Fungicides

Insecticides

Herbicides

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Million!of!Pounds

Year
Figure!5.7

Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates

Industry/Commercial/Government!Market!Sector

Fungicides

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!29

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data

Table!5.7

Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates

Industry/Commercial/Government!Market!Sector

Note:!Excludes!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!

1.!!!Other!conventional!pesticides!include!nematicides,!fumigants,!and!other!miscellaneous!conventional!pesticides.!See!Table 3.4.

32WKHU ́LQFOXGHVVXOIXUSHWUROHXPDQGRWKHUFKHPLFDOVXVHGDVSHVWLFLGHVHJVXOIXULFDFLGDQGLQVHFWUHSHOOHQWVSee Table!3.11.

Year

Million!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient

Year

Million!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient

Herbi[

cides/

PGR

Insecti[

cides

Fungi[

cides Total

Herbi[

cides/

PGR

Insecti[

cides Total Fungi[cides Other Other! 2Conv1 Other Other! 2Conv1

1988 64 27 32 39 22 184 1998 41 21 24 30 22 138

1989 63 27 31 38 22 181 1999 52 19 24 31 22 148

1990 63 27 31 38 22 181 2000 48 17 19 30 22 136

1991 60 26 30 37 21 174 2001 49 15 19 28 22 133

1992 58 27 28 36 21 170 2002 48 14 20 28 22 132

1993 56 30 25 36 20 167 2003 48 14 22 28 22 134

1994 52 30 23 34 20 159 2004 45 13 22 28 22 130

1995 48 28 20 31 22 149 2005 44 14 22 28 22 130

1996 49 24 20 30 22 145 2006 45 14 20 28 22 129

1997 49 20 20 30 22 141 2007 46 14 19 28 22 129

Other

Other!Conventional

Fungicides

Insecticides

Herbicides

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Millions!of!Pounds

Year
Other

Other!Conventional

Fungicides

Insecticides

Herbicides

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Millions!of!Pounds

Year

Figure!5.8

Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates

Home!and!Garden!Market!Sector

Page!3022006!and!2007!Market!Estimates

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data

Table!5.8

Annual!Amount!of!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States!

by!Pesticide!Type,!1988±2007!Estimates

Home!and!Garden!Market!Sector

Note:!Excludes!wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!!

1.!!!Other!conventional!pesticides!include!nematicides,!fumigants,!and!other!miscellaneous!conventional!pesticides.!See!Table 3.4.

32WKHU ́LQFOXGHVVXOIXUSHWUROHXPDQGRWKHUFKHPLFDOVXVHGDVSHVWLFLGHVHJVXOIXULFDFLGDQGLQVHFWUHSHOOHQWVSee Table!3.11.

3.!!!The!previous!estimate!of!herbicide!and!PGR!use!for!!2001!was!revised!in!the!current!report!to!based!on!new!data.

Year

Million!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient

Year

Million!Pounds!of!Active!Ingredient

Herbi[

cides/

PGR

Insecti[

cides

Fungi[

cides Total

Herbi[

cides/

PGR

Insecti[

cides Total Fungi[cides Other Other! 2Conv1 Other Other! 2Conv1

1988 43 13 13 3 67 139 1998 49 13 8 2 60 132

1989 44 12 13 2 68 139 1999 54 14 10 2 60 140

1990 46 12 10 2 66 136 2000 62 15 11 2 60 150

1991 46 12 9 134 20013 2 65 62 17 12 2 61 154

1992 46 12 8 2 64 132 2002 62 19 11 2 61 155

1993 46 13 8 2 62 131 2003 53 21 11 2 61 148

1994 46 13 8 2 61 130 2004 51 19 10 2 61 143

1995 47 12 8 2 59 128 2005 48 17 9 2 61 137

1996 48 12 8 2 60 130 2006 46 16 7 2 61 132

1997 49 13 8 2 60 132 2007 43 14 7 2 61 127
Year

Total!U.S.!! Agricultural!Sector!!!! Non[Agricultural!Sector!!

Million!Pounds! Million!Pounds %!of!total Million!Pounds

1970 760 499 66 261

1971 793 528 67 265

1972 843 575 68 268

1973 882 607 69 275

1974 964 688 71 276

1975 1,013 729 72 284

1976 1,041 753 72 288

1977 1,084 794 73 290

1978 1,106 813 74 293

1979 1,144 843 74 301

1980 1,121 826 74 295

1981 1,118 831 74 287

1982 1,084 804 74 280

1983 1,021 745 73 276

1984 1,061 794 75 267

1985 1,020 767 75 253

1986 988 739 75 249

1987 906 666 74 240

1988 925 690 75 235

1989 942 712 76 230

1990 949 720 76 229

1991 928 708 76 220

1992 940 723 77 217

1993 914 698 76 216

1994 984 776 79 208

1995 961 765 80 196

1996 996 803 81 193

1997 958 767 80 191

1998 912 724 79 188

1999 912 706 77 206

2000 926 722 78 204

2001 888 675 76 213

2002 885 681 77 204

2003 868 669 77 199

2004 885 695 79 190

2005 844 660 78 184

2006 821 643 78 178

2007 857 684 80 173

Note:!Conventional!pesticides!only,!excluding!sulfur,!petroleum!oil,!and!other!chemicals!used!as!pesticides!(e.g.,!sulfuric!acid and!insect!repellents),!

wood!preservatives,!specialty!biocides,!and!chlorine/hypochlorites.

Source:!EPA!estimates!based!on!USDA/NASS!(www.nass.usda.gov)!and!EPA!proprietary!data.!

Table!5.9

Conventional!Pesticide!Active!Ingredient!Used!in!the!United!States

Agricultural!and!Non^Agricultural!Market!Sector!Shares,!1970±2007

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!31

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 5.!Historical!Data
6.! Glossary!

ACTIVE!INGREDIENT!(a.i.):!The!chemical!or!substance!component!of!a!pesticide!product!intended!to!kill,!repel,!

attract,!mitigate,! or!control!a! pest,! or!that! acts!as!a! plant! growth! regulator,! desiccant,! or! nitrogen! stabilizer.!The!

UHPDLQGHU RI D IRUPXODWHG SHVWLFLGH SURGXFW FRQVLVWV RI RQH RU PRUH 3LQHUW LQJUHGLHQWV ́ HJ ZDWHU VROYHQWV

emulsifiers,!surfactants,!clay,!and!propellants),!which!are!there!for!reasons!other!than!pesticidal!activity.!!

AGRICULTURAL! SECTOR! (OR! MARKET):! Pesticides! applied! by! owner/operators! and! custom/commercial!

applicators!to! farms! and! facilities!involved!in!the! production! of! raw! agricultural! commodities,! principally! food,!

fiber,!and!tobacco?!includes!non[crop!and!post[harvest!use!as!well!as!crop!and!field!applications.!!

&(57,),('$33/,&$725$SHUVRQZKRLVDXWKRUL]HGWRDSSO\3UHVWULFWHG[XVH ́SHVWLFLGHVDVDUHVXOWRIPHHWLQJ

requirements! for!certification!under!FIFRA[mandated!programs.!Applicator!certification!programs!are!conducted!

E\VWDWHVWHUULWRULHVDQGWULEHVLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKQDWLRQDOVWDQGDUGVVHWE\(3$35HVWULFWHG[XVHSHVWLFLGHV ́PD\

be!used!only!by!or!under!the!direct!supervision!of!specially!trained!and!certified!applicators.!!

COMMERCIAL!APPLICATOR:!A!person!applying!pesticides!as!part!of!a!business,!applying!pesticides!for!hire,!

or!applying!pesticides!as!part!of!his!or!her!job!with!another!(not!for!hire)!type!of!business,!organization,!or!agency.!

Commercial!applicators!often!are!certified,!but!need!to!be!so!only!if!they!apply!restricted[use!pesticides.!!

CONVENTIONAL!PESTICIDES:!Pesticides!that!are!chemicals!or!other!substances!developed!and!produced!pri[

marily!or!only!for!use!as!pesticides.!An!example!is!2,4[D,!which!was!developed!and!used!almost!exclusively!as!a!

pesticide.!Conventional!pesticides!also!include!biological!and!biochemical!pesticides,!e.g.,!Bacillus(thuringiensis.!

ECONOMIC!SECTORS! (OR!MARKETS):! In!this! report,!estimates!of!quantities!used!and!user!expenditures! for!

pesticides!are!broken!out!separately! for!the!three!general!economic!user!sectors! (or!markets)!as! follows:!agricul[

ture,! industrial/commercial/governmental,! and! home! and! garden.! These! three! sectors/markets! are! defined! else[

where!in!this!glossary.!!

FDA:!The!U.S.!Food!and!Drug!Administration,!a!branch!of!the!U.S.!Department!of!Health!and!Human!Services,!is!

involved!in!regulation!of!pesticides!in!the!United!States,!particularly!in!the!enforcement!of!tolerances!in!food!and!

feed!products.!!

FFDCA:!Federal!Food,!Drug,!and!Cosmetic!Act,!the!law!that!controls!pesticide!residues!in!food!and!feed.!

FIFRA:!Federal!Insecticide,!Fungicide,!and!Rodenticide!Act,!the!law!that!generally!controls!pesticide!sale!!

and!use.!!

FQPA:!The!Food!Quality!Protection!Act!(FQPA)!of!1996!amended!the!Federal!Insecticide,!Fungicide,!and!Roden[

ticide!Act!(FIFRA)!and!the!Federal!Food,!Drug,!and!Cosmetic!Act!(FFDCA).!!

HOME! AND! GARDEN! SECTOR! (OR!MARKET):! Involves! pesticides! applied! by! homeowners! to! homes! and!

gardens,!including!lawns!and!single[!and!multiple[unit!housing.!Does!not!include!pesticides!for!home!and!garden!

applications!by!professional!applicators.!

INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/GOVERNMENTAL! USER! SECTOR! (OR! MARKET):! Involves! pesticides! ap[

plied! by! professional! applicators! (by! owners/operators/employees! and! custom/commercial! applicators)!to!indus[

trial,!commercial,!and!governmental! facilities,!buildings,!sites,!and!land,!plus!custom/commercial!applications!to!

KRPHVDQGJDUGHQVLQFOXGLQJODZQV0D\DOVREHUHIHUUHGWRDVWKH3SURIHVVLRQDOPDUNHW ́IRUSHVWLFLGHV

NON[AGRICULTURAL!SECTORS:!General!term!referring!to!a!combination!of!the!home!and!garden!and!indus[

trial/commercial/governmental!sectors.!!

OTHER! PESTICIDES:!Chemicals! registered! as! pesticides! but!that! are! produced! and!marketed! mostly! for! other!

purposes! (i.e.,! multi[use! chemicals).! Notable! examples! are! sulfur,! petroleum! products! (e.g.,! kerosene,! oils,! and!

distillates),!salt,!and!sulfuric!acid.!!

Page!3222006!and!2007!Market!Estimates!

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 6.!Glossary!
PESTICIDE:!May! be! used!to! refer!to! an! active!ingredient! (as! defined! above)! or! formulated! pesticide! product!

registered!under!FIFRA.!

PESTICIDE!USAGE:!Refers!to!actual!applications!of!pesticides,!generally!in!terms!of!quantity!applied!or!units!

treated.!!!

PRIVATE!APPLICATOR:!A!category!of!applicator!certification! for! farmers!and/or!employees,! such!that!they!

can!legally!apply!restricted[use!pesticides!or!supervise!others!doing!so!who!are!not!certified.!!!

PRODUCER!LEVEL:!Data!covering!companies!that!manufacture!and!formulate!pesticides.!

PROFESSIONAL!MARKET:! Sales! of! pesticides! for! application!to!industrial/commercial/governmental! sector!

and!to!homes!and!gardens,!by!certified/commercial!applicators.!!!

PROPRIETARY! DATA:! Pesticide! industry! marketing! research! data! that! EPA! purchases! from! private! data!

research! companies.! These! data! are! for! EPA! use! only! and! cannot! be! divulged! without! vendor! consent.!

Companies!include!GfK!Kynetec,!and!Kline!&!Company,!Inc.!

SPECIALTY!BIOCIDES:!This! report! provides! estimates! for! end! uses! as! follows:! swimming! pools,! spas,! and!

industrial! water! treatment! (excluding! chlorine/hypochlorites,! which! are! reported! separately)?! disinfectants! and!

sanitizers! (including!industrial/institutional! applications! and! household! cleaning! products)?! and! other! specialty!

biocides! (including!biocides! for!adhesives!and! sealants,!leather,! synthetic!latex!polymers,!metalworking! fluids,!

paints!and!coatings,!petroleum!products,!plastics,!mineral!slurries,!and!textiles).!!These!categories!of!end!use!are!

covered! by! FIFRA.! ! Other! end! uses! of! specialty! biocides! (e.g.,! hospital/medical! antiseptics,! food/feed!

preservatives,!cosmetics/toiletries)!are!regulated!by!the!FDA!under!FFDCA!and!are!not!covered!in!this!report.!

TOLERANCE:!The!maximum!amount!of!a!pesticide!allowable!in!a!food!or!feed!product!before!it!is!considered!

adulterated,!usually!specified!in!parts!per!million.!!!

USDA/FAS:!The!U.S.!Department!of!Agriculture,!Foreign!Agricultural!Service.!!Publicly!available!data!on!U.S.!

agricultural!imports!and!exports!(www.fas.usda.gov).!

USDA!NASS:!The!U.S.!Department!of!Agriculture,!National!Agricultural!Statistics!Service.!!Publicly!available!

data!on!U.S.!agricultural!pesticide!use!(www.nass.usda.gov).!

USER! LEVEL:! Data! covering! persons! or! businesses! that! purchase! and! apply! pesticides,! such! as! farmers,!

commercial!pesticide!applicators,!and!homeowners.!

WOOD! PRESERVATIVES:!Pesticide! active!ingredients! used!in!treatment! of! wood!to! protect!it! from!insects,!

fungi,!and!other!pests.!This!report!presents!total!use!of!wood!preservative!chemicals!in!industrial!plants,!the!bulk!

of!which!is!for!pressure!treatment.!!The!major!categories!of!pesticide!chemicals!included!in!this!report!as!wood!

preservatives! are! waterborne! preservatives! (mainly! chromated! copper! arsenic),! oilborne! preservatives! (e.g.,!

copper!naphthenate!and!pentachlorophenol),!creosote,!creosote[coal!tar,!and!creosote!petroleum.!!!

Pesticides!Industry!Sales!and!Usage!Report2Page!33

U.S.!Environmental!Protection!Agency 6.!Glossary!
United$States$Environmental$Protection$Agency$ $

Office$of$Chemical$Safety$and$Pollution$Prevention$(7503P)$ $

EPA$733SRS11S001

www.epa.gov/pesticides$$$

January$2011$