Program Name or

Program Logo

when combined with

Program Logo

U.S.Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Issue

1999

Demographic Programs

Issued September 2000

P60-209

Report Title

Current Population Reports

Consumer Income

Current Population Reports

Money Income

in the United States
Carmen DeNavas and Robert W.

Cleveland prepared this report under the

direction of Edward J. Welniak Jr., Chief

of the Income Surveys Branch. Marc I.

Roemer made significant contributions to

the preparation of this report. Shirley L.

Smith provided statistical assistance.

Doris Sansbury, Diana Marz, and

William Patriarca provided clerical assistance. Charles T. Nelson, Assistant Division Chief for Income, Poverty, and Health

Statistics, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, provided overall

direction.

David Nguyen, Demographic Surveys

Division, processed the March 2000 Current Population Survey file. Caroline S.

Carbaugh, Chief of the Survey Processing

Branch, Stacy J. Lyons, Nora P. Szeto,

and Stephen J. Heacock programmed the

detailed tables and produced the publication tables.

Aneesah Stephenson and Fred Meier of

the Demographic Statistical Methods Division conducted sampling review.

Tim J. Marshall, Demographic Surveys

Division, and Andrew M. Stevenson,

Technologies Management Office, prepared and programmed the computerassisted interviewing instrument used to

conduct the March income supplement.

U.S. Census Bureau field representatives

and telephone interviewers collected the

data. Without their dedication, the preparation of this report or any report from the

Current Population Survey would be

impossible.

Kim D. Ottenstein, Cynthia G. Brooks,

Jan Sweeney, and Laurene V. Qualls of

the Administrative and Customer Services

Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, provided publications and printing management, graphics design and composition,

and editorial review for print and electronic media. General direction and production management were provided by

Michael G. Garland, Assistant Chief, and

Gary J. Lauffer, Chief, Publications Services Branch.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Issue

1999

Issued September 2000

P60-209

Report Title

Demographic Programs

Current Population Reports

Money Income

in the United States

U.S. Department of Commerce

Norman Y. Mineta,

Secretary

Robert L. Mallett,

Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Robert J. Shapiro,

Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,

Director

Current Population Reports

Consumer Income
Paula J. Schneider,

Principal Associate Director

for Programs

Nancy M. Gordon,

Associate Director

for Demographic Programs

Daniel H. Weinberg,

Chief, Housing and Household

Economic Statistics Division

SUGGESTED CITATION

U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population

Reports, P60-209, Money Income in the

United States: 1999, U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2000.

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Robert J. Shapiro,

Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,

Director

William G. Barron,

Deputy Director
Availability of Data Via

Electronic Media

This report, with accompanying press briefing, press release, earlier income reports or report highlights back

to 1993, and other information based on the Current

Population Survey (CPS) March Supplement, are available electronically on the Census Bureau’s income Web

site. The Web site may be accessed either through the

main Census home page at

http://www.census.gov

or directly at

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/

income.html

You will find facsimiles of these Internet pages below

and on the following page.

Users may access historical tables and detailed income

tabulations directly from the Income Web site and the

public-use microdata files through the FERRET (Federal

Electronic Research and Review Extraction Tool).

Users may request data or ask questions regarding the

data by contacting the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division Information Staff at 301-457-

3242 or by sending an e-mail to

hhes-info@census.gov

Thank you for your interest in income data!

TEXT

Highlights .................................... vii

Official Estimates of Money Income ...................... ix

Household Income .............................. ix

Household Composition ........................... ix

Race and Hispanic Origin........................... ix

Nativity .................................... x

Region..................................... x

Residence ................................... xii

Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Male and Female Workers in the Paid

Labor Force ................................. xiii

Per Capita Income .............................. xiii

Income Inequality............................... xiii

State Income Data .............................. xiii

Experimental Measures of Income ....................... xv

Distributional Effects ............................. xv

Effects on Selected Population Groups .................... xix

Trends in Income Using the CPI-U-X1 Compared With the CPI-U-RS ...... xx

CPS Sample Expansion ............................. xxii

Symbols Used in Tables ............................. xxii

TEXT TABLES

A. Comparison of Summary Measures of Income by Selected

Characteristics: 1989, 1998, and 1999................ viii

B. Income of Households by Race and Hispanic Origin Using

1997-1999 3-Year-Average Medians ................. xi

C. Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 1999 . xii

D. Income of Households by State Using 2- and 3-Year-Average

Medians ................................ xvi

E. Median Household Income by Definition: 1998 and 1999 ...... xviii

F. Percentage of Aggregate Income Received by Income Quintiles and

Gini Coefficient by Definition of Income: 1999............ xviii

G. Median Income Using Different Definitions for Households With

Selected Characteristics: 1999 .................... xix

H. Median Household Income by Inflation Index: 1967 to 1999 ..... xx

FIGURES

1. Median Household Income by Type of Household: 1989 and 1999 . . x

2. Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1972 to

1999 .................................. xi

3a. Percent Change in Share of Aggregate Income for Households: 1967

to 1992................................. xiv

3b. Percent Change in Share of Aggregate Income for Households: 1993

to 1999................................. xiv

4. Income of Households by State: 1997-1999 3-Year-Average Median . xvii

5. Median Household Income by Inflation Index: 1967 to 1999 ..... xxi

CONTENTS

iii
DETAILED TABLES

Income

1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and

Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997....... 1

2. Selected Characteristics—Households by Total Money Income in

1999 .................................. 6

3. People in Households by Total Household Income in 1999,

Relationship to Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin . 8

4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and

Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997....... 14

5. Selected Characteristics of Families—Total Money Income of

Families in 1999 ............................ 19

6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years Old—Total Money

Income in 1999 of Married-Couple Families by Work Experience in

1999 of Husband and Wife ...................... 21

7. Median Income of People by Selected Characteristics: 1999, 1998,

and 1997 ................................ 28

8. Selected Characteristics of People—Total Money Income in 1999

of People 15 Years Old and Over by Work Experience in 1999

and Sex................................. 32

9. Educational Attainment—Total Money Earnings in 1999 of People 18

Years Old and Over by Age, Work Experience in 1999, and Sex ... 36

10. Educational Attainment—Total Money Earnings in 1999 of People 25

Years Old and Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Work

Experience in 1999 .......................... 40

11. Work Experience in 1999 —Total Money Earnings in 1999 of People

15 Years Old and Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex ...... 46

12. Source of Income in 1999—Number With Income and Mean Income

of Specified Type in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and Over by Age,

Race, and Hispanic Origin ....................... 52

Experimental Estimates of Income

13. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1999 .... 60

APPENDIXES

A. Definitions and Explanations ...................... A–1

B. Time Series Estimates of Income .................... B–1

C. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Statement on the Use of the CPI-U-RS . C–1

D. Quality of Income Data ......................... D–1

E. Source and Accuracy of Estimates ................... E–1

APPENDIX TABLES

B–1. Annual Average Consumer Price Index (CPI-U): 1947 to 1999 .... B–2

B–2. Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1967 to 1999...................... B–3

B–3. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent

of Households by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967

to 1999................................. B–6

B–4. Families by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1967 to 1999...................... B–8

B–5. Total Money Income of People by Race, Hispanic Origin, and

Sex: 1967 to 1999........................... B–11

D–1. March CPS Aggregate Income Estimates as a Percent of Benchmark . D–4

E–1. Description of the March Current Population Survey.......... E–2

E–2. March CPS Coverage Ratios ....................... E–3

E–3. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome

Characteristics: 1999 ......................... E–4

iv
APPENDIX TABLES—Con.

E–4. CPS Factors to Apply to a and b Parameters for Estimates Prior to

1999 .................................. E–5

E–5. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome

Characteristics of Hispanics: 1972 to 1983 ............. E–6

E–6. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome

Characteristics of Asians and Pacific Islanders: 1999 ........ E–7

E–7. CPS Year-to-Year Correlation Coefficients for Income Estimates: 1960

to 1999................................. E–7

v
Money Income in the United States: 1999

This report presents data on the income of households,

families, and people in the United States for calendar year

1999, as well as comparisons with 1998 and, in some

cases, with 1989, the previous peak year in the business

cycle. Changes in income noted in this report are based on

real income (after adjusting for inflation). The Census

Bureau compiled these data from information collected in

March Supplements to the Current Population Survey

(CPS), based on approximately 50,000 randomly selected

households nationwide.

The CPS demographic supplement conducted in March

of each year is one of the best known and most widely

used of all continuing federal household surveys. For

more than 50 years, analysts, researchers, and policy makers have used the CPS to examine annual changes in

income and earnings and to compare them with historical

trends. Television, radio, and newspapers frequently draw

upon this source for statistics on American’s jobs, income,

poverty status, health insurance coverage, marital status,

migration, and other characteristics.

The estimates in this report are based on interviewing a

sample of the population. Respondents provide answers

to the best of their ability. As with all sample surveys, the

estimates may differ from the actual values. Table A presents the confidence intervals for estimates discussed in

the text. Data users should consider the levels of uncertainty when using these estimates.

HIGHLIGHTS

(Most of the estimates described below are shown on

Table A, Table B, Table E, and Appendix Table B–2; the estimates for states are shown on Table D.)

• The real median income of households in the United

States rose by 2.7 percent between 1998 and 1999,

from $39,744 to $40,816. This is the fifth consecutive

year that household income increased.1 Real median

household income is now at the highest level recorded

since the Census Bureau started compiling these estimates in 1967.

• The 1999 median income was the highest ever recorded

for White non-Hispanic ($44,366), Black ($27,910) and

Hispanic ($30,735) households, and equaled the highest

ever recorded for Asian and Pacific Islander households

($51,205).

• The 1997-1999 average household median income for

American Indians and Alaska Natives was $30,784,

higher than the comparable income of Blacks, not statistically different from Hispanics, but lower than White

non-Hispanics and Asians and Pacific Islanders.

• Family and nonfamily households alike experienced

growth in real median income between 1998 and 1999.

Family household income rose 2.9 percent to $49,940;

and nonfamily income rose 2.5 percent to $24,566.2

• Median household income reached new all-time highs in

1999 in the Midwest and the South. Median household

income in the Northeast and West did not change

between 1998 and 1999.

• For men who worked full-time, year-round, real median

earnings rose from $36,126 to $36,476 between 1998

and 1999. This is the third straight year that men have

experienced an annual increase in earnings. The median

earnings of women working full-time, year-round

remained statistically unchanged at $26,324. The

female-to-male earnings ratio dropped between 1998

and 1999, from 0.73 to 0.72.3

• Analysis of aggregate shares of income and of the Gini

index show that household income inequality remained

unchanged between 1998 and 1999.

• Real median household income rose significantly in

14 states and the District of Columbia and did not

decline in any state, based on comparisons of 2-yearaverage medians (1997-1998 and 1998-1999). Five of

the states that experienced increases are in the Midwest

(Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, South Dakota, and Wisconsin),

four are in the Northeast (Maine, New York, Rhode

Island, and Vermont), three states (Florida, Tennessee,

and Texas) and the District of Columbia are in the

South, and two are in the West (Arizona and California).

• Real median household income grew by 2.0 percent4

between 1998 and 1999 using the most comprehensive

1

Changes in real income refer to comparisons after adjusting

for inflation. The percentage changes in prices between earlier

years and 1999 were computed by dividing the annual average

Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) for 1999 by the annual average for

earlier years. See Table B–1 in Appendix B for values of the CPI-U

from 1947 to 1999.

2

The difference between the 1998-1999 percent changes in

income for family and nonfamily households was not statistically

significant. 3

The 90-percent confidence interval for the 1998 and 1999

female-to-male earnings ratios is ± 0.01. 4 The 90-percent confidence interval for the 2.0 percent

increase is ± 0.8.

vii

U.S. Census Bureau
Table A. Comparison of Summary Measures of Income by Selected Characteristics: 1989, 1998,

and 1999

[Households and people as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristics

1999 Median income

in 1998

(in 1999 dollars)

Median income

in 1989r

(in 1999 dollars)

Percent change

in real income

1998 to 1999

Percent change

in real income

1989r to 1999

Number

(1,000)

Median income

Value

(dollars)

90-percent

confidence

interval

(+/-)

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

90-percent

confidence

interval

(+/-)

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

90-percent

confidence

interval

(+/-)

(dollars)

Percent

change

90-percent

confidence

interval

(+/-)

Percent

change

90-percent

confidence

interval

(+/-)

HOUSEHOLDS

All households ........... 104,705 40,816 314 39,744 387 38,721 351 *2.7 1.0 *5.4 1.3

Type of Household

Family households............ 72,025 49,940 449 48,517 419 46,344 422 *2.9 1.0 *7.8 1.4

Married-couple families ...... 55,311 56,827 502 55,475 541 51,822 469 *2.4 1.1 *9.7 1.4

Female householder, no

husband present .......... 12,687 26,164 594 24,932 669 23,163 617 *4.9 3.0 *13.0 4.0

Male householder, no wife

present.................. 4,028 41,838 1,311 40,284 1,670 40,594 1,642 3.9 4.4 3.1 5.3

Nonfamily households ......... 32,680 24,566 444 23,959 477 23,066 371 *2.5 2.2 *6.5 2.6

Female householder ........ 18,039 19,917 454 19,026 472 18,544 484 *4.7 2.8 *7.4 3.7

Male householder........... 14,641 30,753 568 31,086 572 30,140 674 –1.1 2.1 2.0 3.0

Race and Hispanic Origin of

Householder

All races1 ................ 104,705 40,816 314 39,744 387 38,721 351 *2.7 1.0 *5.4 1.3

White ...................... 87,671 42,504 393 41,816 343 40,732 327 *1.6 1.0 *4.3 1.3

Non-Hispanic ............. 78,819 44,366 459 43,376 410 41,693 338 *2.3 1.2 *6.4 1.4

Black ...................... 12,849 27,910 854 25,911 667 24,479 807 *7.7 3.5 *14.0 5.1

Asian and Pacific Islander ...... 3,337 51,205 3,088 47,667 2,182 48,383 2,051 *7.4 6.6 5.8 7.8

Hispanic2 ................... 9,319 30,735 747 28,956 916 29,264 902 *6.1 2.9 *5.0 4.1

Age of Householder

15 to 24 years ............... 5,860 25,171 689 24,084 748 24,940 771 *4.5 3.5 0.9 4.2

25 to 34 years ............... 18,627 42,174 661 40,954 711 39,903 617 *3.0 1.9 *5.7 2.3

35 to 44 years ............... 23,955 50,873 653 49,521 747 50,399 690 *2.7 1.6 0.9 1.9

45 to 54 years ............... 20,927 56,917 875 55,344 898 55,780 913 *2.8 1.9 2.0 2.3

55 to 64 years ............... 13,592 44,597 1,063 44,120 1,010 41,465 897 1.1 2.7 *7.6 3.5

65 years and over ............ 21,745 22,812 375 22,209 404 21,177 389 *2.7 2.0 *7.7 2.7

Nativity of the Householder

Native born ................. 93,062 41,383 336 40,553 398 (NA) (NA) *2.0 1.1 (X) (X)

Foreign born ................ 11,643 36,048 949 33,691 1,258 (NA) (NA) *7.0 4.0 (X) (X)

Naturalized citizen .......... 5,383 43,947 2,418 41,934 1,848 (NA) (NA) 4.8 6.0 (X) (X)

Not a citizen............... 6,260 31,199 1,031 28,903 1,226 (NA) (NA) *7.9 4.7 (X) (X)

Region

Northeast................... 20,087 41,984 699 41,531 789 43,724 725 1.1 2.5 *–4.0 2.3

Midwest .................... 24,508 42,679 832 41,506 614 38,517 656 *2.8 1.8 *10.8 2.9

South...................... 37,303 37,442 548 36,588 511 34,682 482 *2.3 2.1 *8.0 2.2

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,808 42,720 783 41,888 678 41,604 712 2.0 2.8 *2.7 2.6

Residence

Inside metropolitan areas ...... 84,259 42,785 456 41,888 361 41,677 354 *2.1 1.1 *2.7 1.4

Inside central cities ......... 31,825 35,573 505 33,883 652 (NA) (NA) *5.0 2.0 (X) (X)

Outside central cities ........ 52,433 47,708 625 47,427 523 (NA) (NA) 0.6 1.4 (X) (X)

Outside metropolitan areas ..... 20,447 33,021 931 32,729 644 30,042 650 0.9 2.8 *9.9 3.7

EARNINGS OF FULL-TIME,

YEAR-ROUND WORKERS

Male ...................... 57,511 36,476 224 36,126 224 36,516 248 *1.0 0.7 –0.1 0.9

Female .................... 40,404 26,324 186 26,433 198 25,158 276 –0.4 0.8 *4.6 1.4

PER CAPITA INCOME

All races1 ................. 274,087 21,181 206 20,564 206 18,683 132 *3.0 1.2 *13.4 1.3

White ..................... 224,806 22,375 243 21,867 243 19,813 150 *2.3 1.3 *12.9 1.3

Non-Hispanic ............. 193,633 24,109 288 23,459 285 (NA) (NA) *2.8 1.5 (X) (X)

Black ...................... 35,509 14,397 383 13,243 334 11,658 247 *8.7 3.3 *23.5 3.8

Asian and Pacific Islander ...... 10,925 21,134 1,179 19,122 1,124 (NA) (NA) *10.5 7.5 (X) (X)

Hispanic2 .................. 32,804 11,621 373 11,687 424 11,008 283 –0.6 3.6 *5.6 4.1

* Statistically significant change at the 90-percent confidence level.

r Revised to reflect the population distribution reported in the 1990 census.

1

Data for American Indians and Alaska Natives are not shown separately in this table.

2

Hispanics may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1990, 1999, and 2000.

viii

U.S. Census Bureau
definition of income (which takes taxes and receipt of

noncash benefits into account). This change is not statistically different from the 2.7 percent increase for the

official measure.

• The most comprehensive income definition (one that

includes the effects of taxes and noncash benefits) lowered income inequality by 8.1 percent5 when compared

to pre-tax (official) money income. Government transfers have a much greater effect than taxes on redistributing income.

OFFICIAL ESTIMATES OF MONEY INCOME

The official income estimates in this report are based

solely on money income before taxes and do not include

the value of noncash benefits, such as food stamps, medicare, medicaid, public or subsidized housing, and

employment-based fringe benefits. A separate section of

this report discusses the effect of taxes and selected noncash benefits on household income using model-based

approaches to estimating taxes and valuing benefits. The

Census Bureau derived these modeled data from information collected in the March 2000 CPS, along with data from

other sources, including the Internal Revenue Service, the

Food and Nutrition Service, the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

and the Health Care Financing Administration.6

Household Income

Median household income reached an all-time high of

$40,816 in 1999, growing, in real terms, by 2.7 percent

above the previous all-time high in 1998. This is the fifth

consecutive year that households have experienced a real

annual increase in income (see Table A, Table 1, and

Appendix Table B–2).

Household Composition

Both family and nonfamily households experienced

growth in real median income between 1998 and 1999.

For family households median income rose 2.9 percent

from $48,517 to $49,940, while for nonfamily households, median income rose 2.5 percent from $23,959 to

$24,566. Median income for married-couple households

and family households maintained by women with no

spouse present rose 2.4 percent, from $55,475 to

$56,827, and 4.9 percent, from $24,932 to $26,164,

respectively. Nonfamily households with a female householder also experienced an increase in median income,

going from $19,026 to $19,917 (4.7 percent).7 In 1999,

the median incomes of each of the various household

types was as high or higher than their 1989, prerecessionary levels (see Figure 1).

Race and Hispanic Origin

The 1999 median income was the highest ever

recorded, in real terms, for White non-Hispanic ($44,366),

Black ($27,910), and Hispanic8 ($30,735) households, as

shown in Figure 2. Although the real median income of

Asian and Pacific Islander9 households increased between

1998 and 1999 to $51,205, that amount was not statistically different from their 1989 all-time high.

Although Asians and Pacific Islanders as a group had

the highest median household income in 1999, their

income per household member was lower ($21,635)

than for White non-Hispanic households ($23,798). Asian

and Pacific Islander households are larger–3.13 people

compared with 2.47 for White non-Hispanic households.

The income-per-household-member figures for Black (average size of 2.75 people) and Hispanic (average size of

3.49 people) households were $13,987 and $11,598,

respectively.10

With this report, the Census Bureau will begin showing

income data for the American Indian and Alaska Native

population.11 Because of the small size of the American

Indian and Alaska Native population, sampling variability

of income data is larger than for the other racial groups

causing single-year estimates to fluctuate more widely.

Using a 3-year-average median, however, smooths the

data and thereby makes the estimates less volatile. The

3-year-average (1997-99) median household income estimate for American Indian and Alaska Natives is $30,784,

higher than for Blacks ($26,608), not statistically different

from Hispanics ($29,110), but lower than for White nonHispanics ($43,287) and Asians and Pacific Islanders

($48,614) (see Table B).

5

The 90 percent confidence interval for the 8.1 percent

increase is ± 1.0. 6

See Current Population Reports, Series P60-186RD, Measuring

the Effect of Benefits and Taxes on Income and Poverty: 1992, for

more details. 7

The differences between the 1998-1999 percent changes in

income for all groups mentioned in this paragraph were not statistically significant.

8

Data users should exercise caution when interpreting aggregate results for the Hispanic population because this population

consists of many distinct groups that differ in socio-economic

characteristics, culture, and recency of immigration. Data were

first collected for Hispanics in 1972. 9

Data users should exercise caution when interpreting aggregate results for the Asian and Pacific Islander (API) population

because the API population consists of many distinct groups that

differ in socio-economic characteristics, culture, and recency of

immigration. In addition, the CPS does not use separate population controls for weighting the API sample to national totals. See

Appendix E for a further discussion of CPS estimation procedures. 10For a discussion of standardizing income by size of family

using the official poverty thresholds, see Current Population

Reports, Series P60-210, Poverty in the United States: 1999. 11Data users should exercise caution when interpreting aggregate results for the American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN)

population because the AIAN population consists of groups that

differ in economic characteristics. Data from the 1990 census

show that the median income for AIAN households living on reservations or in Alaska Native villages was $17,997 (in 1999 dollars) compared with $29,745 (in 1999 dollars) for households

outside those areas. In addition, the CPS does not use separate

population controls for weighting the AIAN sample to national

totals. See Appendix E for a further discussion of CPS estimation

procedures.

ix

U.S. Census Bureau
Nativity

Between 1998 and 1999, real median income increased

for native and foreign-born households (see Table A).12

The median income of native households increased by

2.0 percent, from $40,553 to $41,383, compared with

7.0 percent for foreign-born households, from $33,691 to

$36,048. In 1999, the median income of foreign-born

households with a householder who was a U.S. citizen

($43,947) was higher than for foreign-born households

with a householder who was not a citizen ($31,199). The

latter group, however, experienced a 7.9 percent increase

in median income between 1998 and 1999, whereas, the

median income of the former remained statistically

unchanged.13

Region

Median household income reached new all-time highs

in 1999 in the Midwest and the South. The real median

household income in the Midwest increased from $41,506

to $42,679, whereas, it increased from $36,588 to

$37,442 in the South. The 1999 median household

income in the Northeast was $41,984, and in the West, it

12Native households are those in which the householder was

born in the United States, Puerto Rico, or an outlying area of the

United States, or was born in a foreign country but had at least

one parent who was a U.S. citizen. All other households are considered foreign-born regardless of the date of entry into the

United States or citizenship status. The CPS does not interview

households in Puerto Rico.

13The difference between the 1998-1999 percent changes in

the income of total foreign-born households and those with a

householder who was not a citizen was not statistically significant.

Figure 1.

Median Household Income by Type of Household: 1989 and 1999 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1990 and 2000. 

(Income in 1999 dollars)

Male

householder

Female

householder

Total

nonfamily

households

Male

householder,

no wife

present

Female

householder,

no husband

present

Marriedcouple

families

Total

family

households

All

households

1989

1999

Family households Nonfamily households

$38,721

$46,344

$51,822

$23,163

$40,594

$23,066

$18,544

$30,140

$40,816

$49,940

$56,827

$26,164

$41,838

$24,566

$19,917

$30,753

x

U.S. Census Bureau
0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999

Figure 2.

Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1972 to 1999

1Hispanics may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1973-2000. 

Income in thousands of 1999 dollars Recessions

Asian and Pacific Islander

Hispanic1

White

White non-Hispanic 

Black

Table B. Income of Households by Race and Hispanic Origin Using 1997-1999 3-Year-Average

Medians

[In 1999 dollars]

Race and Hispanic origin

3-year-average (1997-1999)

Number of

households

(1,000)

Median income1

Value

(dollars)

90-percent

confidence

interval

(+/-)

(dollars)

All races ...................................................... 103,702 39,657 235

White.............................................................. 86,996 41,591 268

Non-Hispanic . . . ................................................. 78,444 43,287 288

Black . ............................................................. 12,634 26,608 523

American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 30,784 2,178

Asian and Pacific Islander ........................................... 3,257 48,614 1,729

Hispanic2 .......................................................... 8,990 29,110 582

1 The 3-year-average median is the sum of inflation-adjusted, single-year medians divided by three. 2

Hispanics may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1998, 1999, and 2000.

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U.S. Census Bureau
was $42,720, both statistically unchanged from 1998.14

The South continued to have the lowest median household

income, about 88 percent of the values in the other three

regions.

Median household incomes in the Midwest and South

continued to surpass their 1989 inflation-adjusted income

peaks, by 10.8 percent and 8.0 percent, respectively.15

The median household income in the West surpassed its

1989 peak for the first time in 1999, by 2.7 percent. In the

Northeast, income still lagged behind its 1989 level by

4.0 percent. The gap is closing, however, considering that

in 1993 income in the Northeast was 11.0 percent below

its 1989 level.

Residence

Between 1998 and 1999, real median income for households inside metropolitan areas rose by 2.1 percent (from

$41,888 to $42,785). Furthermore, for households located

inside central cities, income rose by 5.0 percent (from

$33,883 to $35,573). The median income of households

14The differences among the 1999 median household incomes

for the Northeast, Midwest, and West regions were not statistically significant. For a discussion of regional cost of living variations, see Current Population Reports, Series P60-205, Experimental Poverty Measures: 1990 to 1997. 15The difference between the 1989-1999 percent changes for

the Midwest and the South was not statistically significant.

Table C. Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 1999

[Income in 1999 dollars]

Measures of income dispersion 1999 1998 1997 1996 19951 19932 1990 1985 19803 19754 1970 1968 1967

HOUSEHOLD INCOME AT

SELECTED

PERCENTILES

20th percentile upper limit . . . 17,196 16,472 15,985 15,681 15,742 14,950 15,933 15,483 15,296 14,896 14,873 14,685 13,769

50th (median). . ............ 40,816 39,744 38,411 37,686 37,251 36,019 38,168 36,568 35,850 34,980 35,232 34,217 32,783

80th percentile upper limit . . . 79,375 76,656 74,217 72,220 71,192 69,522 70,368 67,831 64,170 60,759 59,141 56,070 54,345

95th percentile lower limit . . . 142,021 135,119 131,360 126,930 123,529 120,643 120,773 113,435 104,252 96,880 93,498 87,719 87,201

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

RATIOS OF SELECTED

PERCENTILES

95th/20th . ................. 8.26 8.20 8.22 8.09 7.85 8.07 7.58 7.33 6.82 6.50 6.29 5.97 6.33

95th/50th . ................. 3.48 3.40 3.42 3.37 3.32 3.35 3.16 3.10 2.91 2.77 2.65 2.56 2.66

80th/50th . ................. 1.94 1.93 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.93 1.84 1.85 1.79 1.74 1.68 1.64 1.66

80th/20th . ................. 4.62 4.65 4.64 4.61 4.52 4.65 4.42 4.38 4.20 4.08 3.98 3.82 3.95

20th/50th . ................. 0.42 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.42

MEAN HOUSEHOLD

INCOME OF QUINTILES

Lowest quintile . ............ 9,940 9,427 9,209 9,127 9,128 8,546 9,171 8,976 9,075 8,994 8,185 8,096 7,463

Second quintile ............ 24,436 23,802 22,938 22,401 22,298 21,509 22,982 22,188 21,901 21,356 21,763 21,397 20,345

Third quintile............... 40,879 39,828 38,590 37,680 37,284 36,055 37,961 36,750 36,047 34,942 35,047 33,934 32,485

Fourth quintile ............. 63,555 61,597 59,770 58,317 57,314 56,032 57,234 55,266 53,075 50,742 49,403 47,342 45,450

Highest quintile ............ 135,401 130,346 127,430 122,655 119,605 116,739 111,071 101,943 93,225 88,366 87,471 82,911 82,364

SHARES OF HOUSEHOLD

INCOME OF QUINTILES

Lowest quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.0

Second quintile . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 9.0 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.0 9.6 9.7 10.3 10.5 10.8 11.1 10.8

Third quintile............... 14.9 15.0 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.1 15.9 16.3 16.9 17.1 17.4 17.5 17.3

Fourth quintile ............. 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.3 23.3 23.5 24.0 24.6 24.9 24.8 24.5 24.4 24.2

Highest quintile ............ 49.4 49.2 49.4 49.0 48.7 48.9 46.6 45.3 43.7 43.2 43.3 42.8 43.8

Gini coefficient of income

inequality................. 0.457 0.456 0.459 0.455 0.450 0.454 0.428 0.419 0.403 0.397 0.394 0.388 0.399

1

Reflects the 1990 census sample redesign.

2

Reflects the implementation of 1990 census adjusted population controls, a change in data collection method from paper-pencil to computerassisted interviewing (CAI), and changes in income reporting limits. For detailed information concerning the impact of these changes, see Current

Population Reports, Series P60-204, The Changing Shape of the Nation’s Income Distribution: 1947 to 1998. 3

Reflects implementation of 1980 census population controls.

4

Reflects implementation of 1970 census population controls.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, selected March Supplements (see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/incineq.html for the

complete table. Data not available before 1967.

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U.S. Census Bureau
in the suburbs and households outside metropolitan areas

remained statistically unchanged at $47,708 and $33,021,

respectively.

Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Male and

Female Workers in the Paid Labor Force

Of the 70.5 million women 15 years old and over who

worked in 1999, 57.3 percent worked full-time, yearround. This is up from 56.3 percent in 1998, but their

median earnings remained statistically unchanged at

$26,324. The proportion of men who worked full-time,

year-round remained statistically unchanged at 73.3 percent in 1999, but their real median earnings increased by

1.0 percent, from $36,126 to $36,476 (see Table A and

Table 7). This is the third straight year that men have

experienced an annual increase in earnings.

The female-to-male earnings ratio dropped to 0.72 in

1999, significantly lower than the 1998 ratio of 0.73 and

the all-time high of 0.74 in 1996. The drop in the earnings

ratio can be attributed to the larger growth in the earnings

of men (6.9 percent compared with 4.6 percent for

women) between 1996 and 1999.

Per Capita Income

Per capita income reached a new all-time high, increasing 3.0 percent, in real terms, between 1998 and 1999,

from $20,564 to $21,181.16 Each racial group also experienced growth in per capita income–2.8 percent for White

non-Hispanics (to $24,109), 8.7 percent for Blacks (to

$14,397), and 10.5 percent for Asians and Pacific Islanders (to $21,134).17 The per capita income of Hispanics

($11,621) did not change significantly.

In 1999, the real per capita incomes of Whites and

Blacks continued to surpass their respective 1989

peaks–by 12.9 percent and 23.5 percent, respectively.18

The 1999 per capita income of Hispanics was 5.6 percent

higher than their 1989 level.

Income Inequality

The U.S. Census Bureau has traditionally used two

methods to measure income inequality–the shares of

aggregate income received by households (or families)

and the Gini coefficient (or index of income concentration).19 In the shares approach, households are ranked

from lowest to highest on the basis of income and then

divided into groups of equal population size, typically

quintiles. The aggregate income of each group is then

divided by the overall aggregate income to derive shares.

The Gini coefficient incorporates detailed shares data into

a single statistic, which summarizes the dispersion of

income across the entire income distribution. The Gini

coefficient ranges from 0, indicating perfect equality

(where everyone receives an equal share), to 1, perfect

inequality (where all the income is received by only one

recipient or group of recipients).

In 1999, the share of aggregate household income was

3.6 percent for the lowest quintile, 8.9 for the second

quintile, 14.9 for the third quintile, 23.2 percent for the

fourth quintile, and 49.4 percent for the top quintile (see

Table C). The share of household income held by each

quintile was about the same in 1993 and 1999 (see

Figures 3a and 3b).

The Gini coefficient also indicated no change in total

household income inequality between 1998 and 1999.

The Gini has not shown a significant annual increase since

1993. Its value in 1999 was 0.457, not significantly different from its 1993 level of 0.454.

Another common measure of income inequality is

based on comparing selected positions on the income distribution. As Table C shows, the household at the

95th percentile in 1999 received $142,021 in income,

8.3 times that of the household at the 20th percentile

($17,196), a ratio that is virtually unchanged from 1993

though up from 1967 (ratio of 6.3). Other measures of

income inequality show a similar pattern.20

Regardless of the measure used, income inequality rose

substantially between 1967 and the early 1990s, but has

remained unchanged since then.21

State Income Data

The March CPS is designed to collect reliable data primarily at the national level and only secondarily at the

regional level. State estimates of income are considerably

less reliable. Specifically, the sampling variability associated with the state estimates is higher than for estimates

based on the country as a whole or on regions, and yearto-year state estimates fluctuate more widely than national

estimates. To reduce the chances of misinterpreting

16 changes in, or rankings of, income estimates for states, Per capita income is based on the total CPS population,

including people living in households and those living in group

quarters who are eligible for inclusion in the CPS. Income per

household member is restricted to people living in households. 17The differences between the 1998-1999 percent changes in

per capita income between the total population and the White

non-Hispanic population, the total population and the Asian and

Pacific Islander population, and the Black population and the

Asian and Pacific Islander population were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the difference between the per capita incomes

of the total population and the Asian and Pacific Islander population was not statistically significant. 18Data for White non-Hispanics were not compiled for 1989.

19For a discussion of alternative inequality measures see Current Population Reports, Series P60-204, The Changing Shape of

the Nation’s Income Distribution, 1947-1998. 20See Current Population Reports, Series P60-204, The Changing Shape of the Nation’s Income Distribution, 1947-1998, for

trends in other income inequality measures. 21A change in data collection methodology in 1993 affected

income measurement and overstated the increase in income

inequality that year. See Paul Ryscavage, ‘‘A Surge in Growing

Income Inequality?,’’ Monthly Labor Review, August 1995.

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U.S. Census Bureau
Top 5

percent

Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest

Figure 3a.

Percent Change in Share of Aggregate Income for Households: 1967 to 1992

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1968 and 1993. 

Figure 3b.

Percent Change in Share of Aggregate Income for Households: 1993 to 1999

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1994 and 2000. 

Quintile

Percent change 1992 relative to 1967

Top 5

percent

Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest

Percent change 1999 relative to 1993

-5.0

-13.0

-8.7

0.0

7.1

6.3

0.0

-1.1 -1.3 -1.3

1.0

2.4

Quintile

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U.S. Census Bureau
the Census Bureau uses 2-year-average medians22 for

evaluating changes in state estimates over time, and

3-year-average medians23 when comparing the relative

ranking of states (see Table D).

Based on comparisons of 2-year-average medians

(1997-1998 versus 1998-1999), real median household

income did not decline for any state and increased significantly for 14 states and the District of Columbia. Five of

the states that experienced increases were in the Midwest

(Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, South Dakota, and Wisconsin),

four were in the Northeast (Maine, New York, Rhode

Island, and Vermont), three states (Florida, Tennessee, and

Texas) and the District of Columbia were in the South, and

two were in the West (Arizona and California), as shown in

Table D.

Comparing the relative ranking of states using 3-yearaverage medians for 1997-1999 shows that the median

household income for Alaska, although not statistically

different from the median income for Maryland, New Jersey, and Connecticut, was higher than for the remaining

46 states and the District of Columbia. Conversely, the

median household income for Arkansas, although not statistically different from the median for West Virginia, was

lower than that of the remaining 48 states and the District

of Columbia. The relative standing of the remaining states

and the District of Columbia was less clear because of

sampling variability surrounding the estimates (see

Figure 4).

The Census Bureau also computes improved (in the

sense of having lower standard errors) biennial estimates

of median household income for states, as well as for

counties based on models using data from the CPS, the

1990 decennial census, and administrative records. Estimates for 1993 and 1995 are available on the Internet at:

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe.html. Estimates

for 1997 will be available this fall.

EXPERIMENTAL MEASURES OF INCOME

Traditionally, income data presented in Census Bureau

reports have been based on the amount of money

received during a calendar year before taxes and excluding capital gains, but this restricted definition of income

does not provide a completely satisfactory measure of

income. Over time, tax laws may change and affect the

economic well-being of the population. In the early 1980s,

the Census Bureau embarked on a research program to

examine the effects of taxes. Four types of modeled tax

data are included here: federal individual income taxes,

state individual income taxes, property taxes on owneroccupied housing, and payroll taxes.

Receiving noncash benefits increases the income

resources available to individuals and families. Hence, this

report also presents income measures that include the

valuation of various noncash benefits, such as food

stamps, school lunches, housing subsidies, medicare,

medicaid, employer contributions to health insurance, and

net imputed returns on home equity.24

Distributional Effects

Taxes, government transfers, and other benefits affect

the level and the distribution of income, as is evident from

examining the different definitions of income used in this

section. Tables E, F, and G, and Table 13 show the distribution of income under the different definitions. For each of

the 15 definitions of income (only a few of which are discussed below), real median household income increased

between 1998 and 1999.

Definition 1, the official definition of income, is based

on money income before taxes and includes government

cash transfers. Under Definition 1, the share of aggregate

household income received by each quintile was 3.7 percent for the lowest quintile, 9.0 percent for the second

quintile, 15.0 percent for the third quintile, 23.0 percent

for the fourth quintile, and 49.3 percent for the highest

quintile (see Table F). The Gini coefficient for all households under Definition 1 was 0.445 in 1999, unchanged

from 1998.25

Definition 4 reflects income generated by the private

sector and results in a more unequal distribution than

under the official definition of income (see Table E). This

definition excludes cash transfers, adds net capital gains,

and adds employer contributions for health insurance.

Under Definition 4, shares of income received by the lowest two quintiles of households declined from that of

Definition 1 (from 3.7 percent to 1.1 percent, and from

9.0 percent to 7.0 percent, respectively), while the share

of income received by the highest quintile increased from

49.3 percent to 54.8 percent. The Gini coefficient under

this definition of income, 0.508, was 14.2 percent higher

(showing more income inequality) than the coefficient

under the official income definition (0.445).

The net effect of deducting social security payroll taxes,

federal individual income taxes, and state individual

income taxes, and adding the earned income credit (EIC) is

22The 2-year-average median is the sum of inflation adjusted

single-year medians divided by two. 23The 3-year-average median is the sum of inflation adjusted

single-year medians divided by three.

24For more information on the methodology and procedures

used to estimate taxes and to value noncash benefits see Series

P60-186RD, Measuring the Effect of Benefits and Taxes on Income

and Poverty: 1992. 25This report presents Gini indexes and shares of aggregate

income received by each quintile using two methods. The first

method, reported in Table C, sorts income data for each household and yields a Gini index of 0.457 and quintile shares of 3.6,

8.9, 14.9, 23.2, and 49.4. The second method, reported in Table

F, uses group data and employs several interpolation routines

resulting in a Gini index of 0.445 and quintile shares of 3.7, 9.0,

15.0, 23.0, and 49.3. The grouped data method is used throughout this report for calculating Gini indexes when they appear with

other income summary measures in the detailed tables, as well as

for share estimates under the alternative definitions of income.

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U.S. Census Bureau
Table D. Income of Households by State Using 2- and 3-Year-Average Medians

[Income in 1999 dollars. For meaning of symbols, see text]

States

3-year-average median1

(1997-1999)

2-year-average medians2 Differences in

2-year-average medians

1998-1999 1997-1998 (1998-1999 less 1997-1998)

Median

income

Standard

error

Median

income

Standard

error

Median

income

Standard

error Difference

Percent

change

United States . . ............ 39,657 143 40,280 176 39,078 170 *1,202 *3.1

Alabama ..................... 35,478 980 36,640 1,036 35,110 1,238 1,530 4.4

Alaska ....................... 51,046 1,357 51,660 1,795 50,815 1,449 845 1.7

Arizona ...................... 36,337 895 37,514 1,023 35,947 1,080 *1,567 *4.4

Arkansas ..................... 28,398 806 29,019 924 27,716 979 1,303 4.7

California. . . .................. 42,262 505 42,791 529 41,520 617 *1,271 *3.1

Colorado ..................... 46,950 1,067 47,987 1,074 46,252 1,311 1,735 3.8

Connecticut. . ................. 47,997 1,702 49,167 2,108 46,596 2,004 *2,571 5.5

Delaware..................... 44,627 1,444 44,606 1,695 43,521 1,618 1,085 2.5

District of Columbia. . . ......... 35,309 941 36,429 1,221 33,621 974 *2,808 *8.4

Florida . ...................... 35,081 480 35,778 587 34,684 573 *1,094 *3.2

Georgia ...................... 39,003 832 39,476 1,064 38,788 889 688 1.8

Hawaii ....................... 42,864 1,352 43,051 1,724 42,109 1,615 942 2.2

Idaho ........................ 36,023 902 36,698 1,038 36,082 1,032 616 1.7

Illinois. . ...................... 44,459 740 45,262 943 43,492 861 *1,770 *4.1

Indiana....................... 40,635 1,078 40,769 1,374 40,488 1,177 281 0.7

Iowa . . . ...................... 38,047 860 39,537 967 36,452 1,052 *3,086 *8.5

Kansas....................... 37,618 1,267 37,499 1,557 37,689 1,367 –191 –0.5

Kentucky ..................... 35,226 1,109 35,477 1,249 35,888 1,343 –411 –1.1

Louisiana. . ................... 33,218 1,077 32,565 1,219 33,480 1,359 –915 –2.7

Maine. . . ..................... 36,459 866 37,680 989 35,222 998 *2,457 *7.0

Maryland . . . .................. 50,630 1,411 51,715 1,816 49,790 1,549 1,925 3.9

Massachusetts ................ 43,697 1,307 43,736 1,681 43,450 1,422 286 0.7

Michigan ..................... 43,066 722 44,491 809 41,480 860 *3,012 *7.3

Minnesota . . .................. 46,802 1,261 48,112 1,540 46,583 1,541 1,529 3.3

Mississippi.................... 30,628 930 31,152 1,064 29,673 1,080 1,479 5.0

Missouri. . .................... 40,166 1,258 41,277 1,304 39,516 1,664 1,762 4.5

Montana . . ................... 31,280 776 31,759 872 31,298 964 461 1.5

Nebraska..................... 37,338 1,065 38,002 1,219 36,614 1,302 1,388 3.8

Nevada ...................... 40,882 1,098 41,157 1,299 40,482 1,191 675 1.7

New Hampshire . . ............. 44,891 1,296 46,059 1,590 44,254 1,469 1,805 4.1

New Jersey................... 50,234 1,012 50,428 1,174 50,386 1,210 42 0.1

New Mexico .................. 31,981 1,030 32,357 1,314 31,735 1,082 623 2.0

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,479 548 39,139 689 37,689 598 *1,450 *3.8

North Carolina ................ 37,057 705 36,985 847 36,916 821 69 0.2

North Dakota ................. 32,238 919 31,925 1,050 31,919 1,077 6 -

Ohio . . . ...................... 38,970 855 39,701 1,082 38,646 1,061 1,055 2.7

Oklahoma .................... 33,311 910 33,695 1,161 33,507 956 188 0.6

Oregon. ...................... 39,768 1,208 40,321 1,335 39,296 1,572 1,025 2.6

Pennsylvania . . ............... 38,938 773 38,936 950 39,410 865 –474 –1.2

Rhode Island . . ............... 40,213 1,668 42,260 1,952 38,852 2,071 *3,408 *8.8

South Carolina . ............... 35,376 1,097 35,282 1,273 34,783 1,240 499 1.4

South Dakota . ................ 33,438 734 34,746 803 32,166 915 *2,580 *8.0

Tennessee.................... 34,393 948 35,690 1,093 33,322 1,128 *2,368 *7.1

Texas . . ...................... 37,320 602 37,776 706 36,491 657 *1,285 *3.5

Utah . . . ...................... 45,257 1,130 45,686 1,249 44,839 1,345 847 1.9

Vermont. ..................... 39,419 1,132 40,936 1,254 38,313 1,405 *2,622 *6.8

Virginia....................... 44,884 1,414 45,031 1,661 44,451 1,732 580 1.3

Washington. . ................. 46,788 1,203 47,054 1,423 47,362 1,315 –308 –0.7

West Virginia ................. 28,420 760 28,363 802 27,913 903 450 1.6

Wisconsin .................... 43,055 1,025 44,032 1,318 41,670 1,024 *2,363 *5.7

Wyoming ..................... 36,039 964 36,712 1,086 35,361 1,168 1,351 3.8

* Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

1

The 3-year-average median is the sum of inflation-adjusted, single-year medians divided by three.

2

The 2-year-average median is the sum of inflation-adjusted, single-year medians divided by two.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1998, 1999, and 2000.

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U.S. Census Bureau
Figure 4.

Income of Households by State: 1997-1999 3-Year-Average Median

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1998, 1999, and 2000.

Alaska

Maryland

New Jersey

Connecticut

Colorado

Minnesota

Washington

Utah

New Hampshire

Virginia

Delaware

Illinois

Massachusetts

Michigan

Wisconsin

Hawaii

California

Nevada

Indiana

Rhode Island

Missouri

Oregon

United States

Vermont

Georgia

Ohio

Pennsylvania

New York

Iowa

Kansas

Nebraska

Texas

North Carolina

Maine

Arizona

Wyoming

Idaho

Alabama

South Carolina

District of Columbia

Kentucky

Florida

Tennessee

South Dakota

Oklahoma

Louisiana

North Dakota

New Mexico

Montana

Mississippi

West Virginia

Arkansas

0 10 2 0 30 40 50 60

Median household income in thousands of 1999 dollars

90-percent confidence interval

Midpoint

xvii

U.S. Census Bureau
reduced income inequality, as shown by Definition 8. The

share of income going to the bottom three quintiles

increased, and the share received by the highest quintile

declined. With Definition 8, the Gini coefficient for 1999

was 0.486, or 4.3 percent below the value of 0.508 for

Definition 4.

Nonmeans-tested transfers reduced income inequality

more than taxes. These transfers lowered the Gini coefficient by 13.4 percent, from 0.486 to 0.421, as shown by

comparing Definition 11 estimates with Definition 8 estimates. Including these benefits increased the share of

income going to the lowest quintile (1.4 percent to

Table E. Median Household Income by Definition: 1998 and 1999

[Income in 1999 dollars]

Definition of income

Median income

Percent change

1999 1998 1998-1999

Income before taxes:

1. Money income excluding capital gains (official measure) . . ........... 40,816 39,744 *2.7

2. Definition 1 less government cash transfers ........................ 37,284 36,501 *2.1

3. Definition 2 plus capital gains..................................... 37,836 36,806 *2.8

4. Definition 3 plus health insurance supplements to wage or salary

income ....................................................... 39,791 38,505 *3.3

Income after taxes:

5. Definition 4 less social security payroll taxes . ...................... 37,159 36,150 * 2.8

6. Definition 5 less federal income taxes (excluding the EIC) ........... 34,350 33,377 * 2.9

7. Definition 6 plus the earned income credit (EIC)1 ................... 34,521 33,525 * 3.0

8. Definition 7 less state income taxes ............................... 33,467 32,519 * 2.9

9. Definition 8 plus nonmeans-tested government cash transfers ........ 36,850 35,960 * 2.5

10. Definition 9 plus the value of medicare ............................ 38,617 37,818 * 2.1

11. Definition 10 plus the value of regular-price school lunches .......... 38,632 37,829 * 2.1

12. Definition 11 plus means-tested government cash transfers .......... 38,824 38,016 * 2.1

13. Definition 12 plus the value of medicaid . . ......................... 39,152 38,359 * 2.1

14. Definition 13 plus the value of other means-tested government

noncash transfers .............................................. 39,264 38,505 * 2.0

15. Definition 14 plus net imputed return on equity in own home ......... 41,100 40,176 * 2.3

* Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

1

Includes EIC for nine states (Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Maryland, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin) that use

federal eligibility rules to compute the state credit as a percentage of the federal EIC.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1999 and 2000.

Table F. Percentage of Aggregate Income Received by Income Quintiles and Gini Coefficient by

Definition of Income: 1999

Definition of income

Quintiles

Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest Gini coefficient

Definition 1 (official measure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 9.0 15.0 23.0 49.3 .445

Definition 4 (definition 1 less government cash

transfers plus capital gains and employee

health benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 7.0 14.0 23.0 54.8 .508

Definition 8 (definition 4 less taxes, includes

EIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 8.3 15.3 24.0 51.0 .486

Definition 11 (definition 8 plus nonmeans-tested

government cash transfers). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 10.3 15.7 22.9 47.1 .421

Definition 14 (definition 11 plus means-tested

government cash transfers). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 10.4 15.7 22.7 46.5 .409

Definition 15 (definition 14 plus return on home

equity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 10.5 15.9 22.8 46.0 .402

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 2000.

xviii

U.S. Census Bureau
4.0 percent) and lowered the share of income going to the

highest quintile (from 51.0 percent to 47.1 percent).

Means-tested transfers also reduced income inequality,

as shown by Definition 14. The share of income in the

lowest quintile increased from 4.0 percent to 4.7 percent,

though the change in the share of income going to the

highest quintile was not significantly different, at 46.5 percent. The Gini coefficient declined 2.9 percent from 0.421

to 0.409. The inclusion of net imputed return on home

equity had a minimal effect on the Gini coefficient, as

shown by Definition 15.

An important finding of the Census Bureau’s tax and

benefit research is that government transfers have a significantly greater impact on lowering income inequality

than the tax system. In 1999, subtracting taxes and

including the EIC lowered the Gini coefficient by 4.3 percent (from 0.508 to 0.486), while including transfers lowered the Gini coefficient by 15.8 percent (from 0.486 to

0.409).

Effects on Selected Population Groups

Taxes and transfers affect income comparisons among

population subgroups to varying degrees, as shown in

Table G.

Under the official income definition, the median household income of Blacks ($27,910) was 63 percent that of

White non-Hispanics ($44,366). After subtracting cash

transfers and adding capital gains and employers’ contributions for health insurance (Definition 4) the percentage

was 62 percent.26 Subtracting federal and state income

taxes and payroll taxes and including the EIC (Definition 8)

resulted in an increase to 65 percent, and the addition of

cash transfers (Definition 11) and noncash transfers (Definition 14) resulted in a further increase in the Black-toWhite non-Hispanic income percentage to 69 percent.

Under the official income definition, the median household income of Hispanics ($30,735) was 69 percent that of

White non-Hispanics ($44,366). Subtracting cash transfers

and adding capital gains and employers’ contributions for

health insurance (Definition 4) resulted in no change in the

percentage. Subtracting federal and state income taxes

and payroll taxes and including the EIC (Definition 8)

resulted in an increase to 75 percent, but the addition of

cash transfers (Definition 11) and noncash transfers (Definition 14) resulted in no further increase in the Hispanicto-White non-Hispanic income percentage.

26The difference between the ratios for Definition 1 and Definition 4 was not statistically significant.

Table G. Median Income Using Different Definitions for Households With Selected

Characteristics: 1999

[Dollars]

Characteristics

Definition 1

(official

measure)

Definition 4

(definition 1

less government cash

transfers plus

capital gains

and employee

health benefits)

Definition 8

(definition 4

less taxes,

includes EIC)

Definition 11

(definition 8 plus

nonmeanstested

government

cash transfers)

Definition 14

(definition 11

means-tested

government

cash transfers)

Definition 15

(definition 14

plus return on

home equity)

All households.................. 40,816 39,791 33,467 38,632 39,264 41,100

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF

HOUSEHOLDER

White . . . .............................. 42,504 41,778 35,009 40,247 40,764 42,756

Non-Hispanic ........................ 44,366 43,597 36,265 41,578 41,988 44,131

Black . . ............................... 27,910 26,810 23,723 27,075 28,786 29,855

Asian or Pacific Islander ................ 51,205 51,904 42,738 45,661 46,488 47,969

Hispanic1.............................. 30,735 30,323 27,216 30,046 31,599 32,354

TYPE OF HOUSEHOLD

Married-couple households with related

children under 18 ..................... 60,296 63,059 52,615 53,878 54,258 55,880

Female householder, no husband present

with related children under 18 .......... 22,418 21,700 21,729 23,333 25,841 26,383

AGE OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

With members 65 years old and over ..... 24,378 11,046 10,534 30,467 31,057 34,467

With related children under 18 ........... 49,509 51,386 44,093 45,634 46,380 47,528

1

Hispanics may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 2000.

xix

U.S. Census Bureau
The different definitions of income affect comparisons

of various types of households. Under the official income

definition, the median income of households with a

female householder (no husband present) with children

was 37 percent of that of married-couple households with

children. Based on a definition of income that includes the

effect of taxes and transfers (Definition 14), the percentage increased to 48 percent.

The effect of the various transfer and tax programs varies across population groups. We can illustrate this by

comparing incomes under the various income definitions

for households with children, and households with members 65 years old and over. Under Definition 1, median

money income for households with children under

18 years of age was $49,509 in 1999, while for households with members 65 years old and over it was

$24,378–or almost half as much (49 percent). Subtracting

cash transfers and adding capital gains and employerprovided health insurance (Definition 4) lowered the ratio

from 49 percent to 22 percent, while incorporating the

effect of the tax system (definition 8) raised it to 24 percent. Adding cash (Definition 11) and noncash transfers

(Definition 14) almost tripled it, bringing it to 67 percent.

Adding the return on home equity (Definition 15), imputed

income that goes disproportionately to the elderly who are

more likely to own homes, resulted in a further increase to

73 percent.

TRENDS IN INCOME USING THE CPI-U-X1

COMPARED WITH THE CPI-U-RS

Accurately assessing changes in economic well-being

requires that incomes from different years be compared in

dollars with the same purchasing power. To adjust for

Table H. Median Household Income by Inflation Index: 1967 to 1999

Year

Consumer Price Index

1982-1984=100

Median household income

Current dollars

1999 dollars

CPI-U-X1 CPI-U-RS CPI-U-X1 CPI-U-RS

1999 . . ........................................... 166.6 159.6 40,816 40,816 40,816

1998 . . ........................................... 163.0 156.4 38,885 39,744 39,681

1997 . . ........................................... 160.5 154.3 37,005 38,411 38,276

1996 . . ........................................... 156.9 151.0 35,492 37,686 37,513

1995 . . ........................................... 152.4 147.0 34,076 37,251 36,997

1994 . . ........................................... 148.2 143.4 32,264 36,270 35,909

1993 . . ........................................... 144.5 140.3 31,241 36,019 35,539

1992 . . ........................................... 140.3 136.8 30,636 36,379 35,742

1991 . . ........................................... 136.2 133.2 30,126 36,850 36,097

1990 . . ........................................... 130.7 128.5 29,943 38,168 37,190

1989 . . ........................................... 124.0 122.4 28,820 38,721 37,579

1988 . . ........................................... 118.3 117.3 27,225 38,341 37,043

1987 . . ........................................... 113.6 113.2 26,061 38,220 36,743

1986 . . ........................................... 109.6 109.4 24,897 37,845 36,321

1985 . . ........................................... 107.6 107.5 23,618 36,568 35,064

1984 . . ........................................... 103.9 104.0 22,415 35,942 34,398

1983 . . ........................................... 99.6 100.0 21,018 35,157 33,545

1982 . . ........................................... 95.6 96.0 20,171 35,152 33,534

1981 . . ........................................... 90.1 90.7 19,074 35,269 33,564

1980 . . ........................................... 82.3 82.9 17,710 35,850 34,095

1979 . . ........................................... 74.0 74.6 16,461 37,059 35,217

1978 . . ........................................... 67.5 68.2 15,064 37,180 35,252

19771

............................................. 63.2 63.9 13,572 35,777 33,898

1976 . . ........................................... 59.4 60.0 12,686 35,581 33,745

1975 . . ........................................... 56.2 56.8 11,800 34,980 33,156

1974 . . ........................................... 51.9 52.4 11,197 35,943 34,104

1973 . . ........................................... 47.2 47.7 10,512 37,104 35,172

1972 . . ........................................... 44.4 44.9 9,697 36,386 34,469

1971 . . ........................................... 43.1 43.5 9,028 34,897 33,123

1970 . . ........................................... 41.3 41.7 8,734 35,232 33,428

1969 . . ........................................... 39.4 39.8 8,389 35,472 33,640

1968 . . ........................................... 37.7 38.1 7,743 34,217 32,435

1967 . . ........................................... 36.3 36.7 7,143 32,783 31,063

1

For years previous to 1978, the CPI-U-RS is extrapolated based on the ratio of the CPI-U-RS to the CPI-U-X1 in 1978.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1968-2000.

xx

U.S. Census Bureau
inflation, the Census Bureau uses the Consumer Price

Index for Urban Consumers (CPI-U) provided by the Bureau

of Labor Statistics (BLS). This index shows the changing

cost of a market basket of goods and services representing the average consumption of the urban population.

In 1983, the BLS began using a revised method to calculate the CPI-U, using estimates of the cost of renting

equivalent housing to measure home ownership costs. As

a result, it is less affected than the earlier measure by

changes in housing prices and mortgage rates. The official

CPI-U is based on the old methodology for years before

1983 and on the new methodology for the years 1983 to

the present.

The BLS also created an experimentally consistent time

series (the CPI-U-X1) based on the new methodology for

the 1967 to 1982 period. The Census Bureau currently

uses the CPI-U-X1 for the historical series of income from

1967 to the present. For the years before 1967, the Census Bureau extrapolates the CPI-U-X1 based on its ratio to

the CPI-U observed in 1967.

The BLS recently released a new series, the Consumer

Price Index Research Series Using Current Methods (CPI-URS).27 The CPI-U-RS is an index of inflation from 1978 to

the present that incorporates most of the improvements in

methodology made to the CPI-U over that time span into

the entire series. Among other improvements, the CPI-U-RS

makes quality adjustments for the aging of housing units

and for the prices of used cars, personal computers, and

televisions, and it employs a geometric mean formula to

account for consumer substitution within CPI item categories. Although the research series has some limitations,

including being subject to annual revisions, the BLS states

that this is the most detailed and systematic estimate

available of a consistent CPI (See Appendix C).

Table H and Figure 5 show the effect of using the CPIU-RS in the historical series of median household income

from 1967 to 1999. The CPI-U-RS shows a slower rise in

prices than the CPI-U-X1 over this period, and thus lowers

the factors used to convert historical income figures into

1999 dollars. As a result, ‘‘real’’ income rises more over

the 1967 to 1999 period than is evident when using the

CPI-U-X1. In fact, with the CPI-U-RS, the all-time high

median household income in 1989 may have been

reached again in 1996, 1 year earlier than the Census

Bureau reported in the 1997 income report. With the CPIU-RS, median household income increased 31.4 percent

between 1967 and 1999, compared with only 24.5 percent using the CPI-U-X1. Similarly, median household

income is 8.6 percent higher in 1999 than its previous

high of 1989 using the CPI-U-RS, but only 5.4 percent

higher using the CPI-U-X1 (see Figure 5).

27See Kenneth J. Stewart and Stephen B. Reed, ‘‘CPI Research

Series Using Current Methods, 1978-98,’’ Monthly Labor Review,

June 1999.

0

10

20

30

40

50

1967 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999

Figure 5.

Median Household Income by Inflation Index: 1967 to 1999 

Note: Before 1978, the CPI-U-RS was extrapolated based on the ratio of the CPI-U-RS to the CPI-U-X1 in 1978. 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1968-2000. 

Income in thousands of 1999 dollars Recessions

CPI-U-X1

CPI-U-RS

xxi

U.S. Census Bureau
The Census Bureau expects to adopt the CPI-U-RS for

historical income adjustments next year and would like to

receive views and evidence on the relative technical merits

of income series deflated by the two indexes. Please send

comments on this issue to:

Edward J. Welniak Jr.

Chief, Income Surveys Branch

Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division

U.S. Census Bureau

Washington, DC 20233-8500

edward.j.welniak.jr@census.gov

CPS SAMPLE EXPANSION

Currently, March CPS interviews approximately

50,000 households across the country. One of its many

uses is to allocate funds to states under the federal government’s State Children’s Health Insurance Program

(SCHIP). Congress has appropriated additional funds to the

Census Bureau to expand the CPS sample size and thus

produce more reliable state estimates of the number of

low-income children without health insurance (as required

by the SCHIP allocation formula). Although the legislation

is specifically targeted toward producing better children’s

health insurance estimates at the state level, other state

estimates from the March CPS will also improve. The

expansion, which will take full effect in 2001, will roughly

double the number of interviewed households in the

March CPS. This doubling will be accomplished by increasing the monthly CPS sample and by administering the

March supplement to additional households in February

and April.

The Census Bureau plans to use the March 2001 CPS as

a bridge to evaluate the effect of the expansion on survey

estimates. Official estimates from the March 2001 CPS will

be released in September 2001 and will be based on the

original sample cases before the expansion. Release of the

expanded sample will be delayed until the end of 2001 so

that analysts can examine the effects of the sample expansion on estimates from the March CPS. If no problems are

found (none are expected), the new sample cases will be

fully integrated into the estimates released from the March

2002 CPS. The Census Bureau is still working out the final

details of the CPS sample expansion. Before the end of

2000, a more detailed description of the expansion will be

posted on the CPS Web site http://www.bls.census.gov/

cps/cpsmain.htm. In the meantime, direct questions to:

Charles Nelson

Assistant Chief, Housing and Household Economic

Statistics Division

U.S. Census Bureau

Room 1071-3

Washington, DC 20233-8500

charles.t.nelson@census.gov

SYMBOLS USED IN TABLES

– Represents zero or rounds to zero.

* Statistically significant at the 90-percent

confidence level.

B Base less than 75,000.

NA Not available.

r Revised.

X Not applicable.

xxii

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin

of Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997

[Households as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1998~1999)

ALL RACES

All households 104 705 .................... 40 816 191 103 874 38 885 230 102 528 37 005 171 * 2.7

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 84 259 ................ 42 785 277 83 441 40 983 214 82 122 39 381 268 * 2.1 1 million or more 56 131 ...................... 45 497 312 55 541 43 431 372 54 667 41 502 254 * 2.5 Inside central cities 20 214 ................. 36 485 387 20 513 33 559 500 20 310 31 789 356 * 6.4 Outside central cities 35 917 ............... 51 221 376 35 028 49 940 394 34 357 47 981 476 0.3 Under 1 million 28 127 ....................... 38 359 435 27 900 36 420 330 27 455 35 409 335 * 3.0 Inside central cities 11 611 ................. 33 756 631 11 631 32 488 535 11 597 31 168 425 1.7 Outside central cities 16 516 ............... 41 703 449 16 269 39 428 564 15 858 38 581 518 * 3.5 Outside metropolitan areas 20 447 .............. 33 021 566 20 433 32 022 383 20 406 30 057 413 0.9

Region

Northeast 20 087 .............................. 41 984 425 19 877 40 634 469 19 810 38 929 525 1.1

Midwest 24 508 ............................... 42 679 506 24 489 40 609 365 24 236 38 316 447 * 2.8

South 37 303 ................................. 37 442 333 36 959 35 797 304 36 578 34 345 347 * 2.3

West 22 808 .................................. 42 720 476 22 549 40 983 402 21 905 39 162 545 2.0

Type of Household

Family households 72 025 ...................... 49 940 273 71 535 47 469 249 70 880 45 347 236 * 2.9

Married~couple families 55 311 ................ 56 827 305 54 770 54 276 322 54 317 51 681 232 * 2.4

Male householder, no wife

present 4 028 ............................ 41 838 797 3 976 39 414 993 3 911 36 634 719 3.9

Female householder, no husband

present 12 687 ............................ 26 164 361 12 789 24 393 398 12 652 23 040 393 * 4.9

Nonfamily households 32 680 ................... 24 566 270 32 339 23 441 284 31 648 21 705 208 * 2.5

Male householder 14 641 ..................... 30 753 345 14 368 30 414 340 14 133 27 592 461 –1.1

Living alone 11 181 ....................... 26 852 338 10 966 26 021 334 11 010 23 871 425 1.0

Female householder 18 039 .................. 19 917 276 17 971 18 615 281 17 516 17 613 256 * 4.7

Living alone 15 543 ....................... 17 347 223 15 640 16 406 236 15 317 15 530 245 * 3.5

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 82 961 ......................... 46 805 224 82 286 44 697 274 81 031 42 365 201 * 2.5 15 to 24 years 5 860 ........................ 25 171 419 5 770 23 564 444 5 435 22 583 492 * 4.5 25 to 34 years 18 627 ........................ 42 174 402 18 819 40 069 423 19 033 38 174 452 * 3.0 35 to 44 years 23 955 ........................ 50 873 397 23 968 48 451 444 23 943 46 359 381 * 2.7 45 to 54 years 20 927 ........................ 56 917 532 20 158 54 148 533 19 547 51 875 435 * 2.8 55 to 64 years 13 592 ........................ 44 597 646 13 571 43 167 601 13 072 41 356 457 1.1 65 years and over 21 745 ...................... 22 812 228 21 589 21 729 240 21 497 20 761 243 * 2.7 65 to 74 years 11 325 ........................ 27 304 439 11 373 26 112 399 11 272 25 292 391 2.3

75 years and over 10 419 .................... 19 161 266 10 216 17 885 283 10 226 17 079 245 * 4.8

Size of Household

One person 26 724 ............................ 21 083 204 26 606 20 154 221 26 327 18 762 209 * 2.3 Two people 34 666 ............................ 43 342 361 34 262 41 512 301 32 965 39 343 352 * 2.2 Three people 17 152 ........................... 51 190 483 17 386 49 069 517 17 331 47 115 455 * 2.1 Four people 15 309 ............................ 59 768 597 15 030 55 886 607 15 358 53 165 585 * 4.6 Five people 6 981 ............................ 54 440 892 6 962 53 706 911 7 048 50 407 701 –0.8 Six people 2 445 ............................. 51 887 1 435 2 367 49 080 1 500 2 232 46 465 1 326 3.4 Seven people or more 1 428 ................... 52 146 1 916 1 261 46 646 1 675 1 267 42 343 1 688 * 9.4

Number of Earners

No earners 20 521 ............................. 15 405 186 21 263 14 442 147 21 280 14 142 152 * 4.4

One earner 36 689 ............................ 31 948 183 36 216 31 162 182 35 150 29 780 259 0.3

Two earners or more 47 495 .................... 63 021 339 46 396 60 787 258 46 098 57 525 310 * 1.4

Two earners 37 070 ......................... 59 699 351 36 501 57 388 319 36 188 54 192 340 * 1.8

Three earners 7 687 ........................ 74 074 740 7 409 70 012 816 7 429 67 182 734 * 3.5

Four earners or more 2 738 .................. 89 420 1 769 2 485 86 676 1 640 2 480 84 816 1 324 0.9

Work Experience of Householder

Total 104 705 ............................ 40 816 191 103 874 38 885 230 102 528 37 005 171 * 2.7

Worked 75 166 ................................ 50 246 220 74 296 48 179 262 73 415 45 877 218 * 2.0

Worked full~time, year~round 55 487 ........... 55 619 283 54 963 53 033 301 53 665 51 336 212 * 2.6

Did not work 29 539 ........................... 20 627 211 29 578 19 093 193 29 113 18 143 194 * 5.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 1

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin

of Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[Households as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1998~1999)

WHITE

All households 87 671 .................... 42 504 239 87 212 40 912 204 86 106 38 972 247 * 1.6

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 69 237 ................ 45 269 274 68 821 43 491 330 67 800 41 576 232 * 1.8 1 million or more 45 010 ...................... 48 385 438 44 738 46 831 334 44 096 44 581 409 1.1 Inside central cities 13 738 ................. 40 634 546 13 932 37 691 668 13 918 35 451 529 * 5.5 Outside central cities 31 272 ............... 51 976 404 30 806 50 867 370 30 179 49 290 502 – Under 1 million 24 227 ....................... 40 187 428 24 083 38 233 455 23 703 36 906 363 * 2.8 Inside central cities 9 166 ................. 36 189 524 9 338 35 290 572 9 258 33 113 646 0.3 Outside central cities 15 061 ............... 42 424 525 14 744 40 506 511 14 446 39 352 516 * 2.5 Outside metropolitan areas 18 433 .............. 34 546 568 18 392 33 104 520 18 307 31 110 428 2.1

Region

Northeast 17 110 .............................. 44 211 625 16 901 43 246 581 16 926 41 214 431 –

Midwest 21 534 ............................... 44 971 513 21 659 42 218 423 21 465 40 040 414 * 4.2

South 29 494 ................................. 40 425 380 29 305 38 489 414 28 948 36 681 340 * 2.8

West 19 533 .................................. 42 527 502 19 347 41 122 437 18 767 39 479 579 1.2

Type of Household

Family households 60 251 ...................... 51 912 258 60 068 49 781 277 59 511 47 454 277 * 2.0

Married~couple families 48 790 ................ 57 242 330 48 456 54 845 329 48 066 52 199 248 * 2.1

Male householder, no wife

present 3 081 ............................ 42 401 937 3 086 41 384 889 3 137 38 511 1 141 0.2

Female householder, no husband

present 8 380 ............................ 29 629 541 8 526 27 542 434 8 308 25 670 422 * 5.3

Nonfamily households 27 420 ................... 25 161 261 27 144 24 582 310 26 596 22 380 247 0.1

Male householder 12 204 ..................... 31 619 354 11 995 31 659 366 11 725 30 009 459 * –2.3

Living alone 9 198 ....................... 27 375 434 9 028 27 096 377 9 018 25 415 405 –1.2

Female householder 15 215 .................. 20 311 283 15 150 19 239 286 14 871 17 997 273 * 3.3

Living alone 13 109 ....................... 17 720 291 13 148 16 960 252 12 980 15 818 272 2.2

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 68 294 ......................... 49 619 296 67 958 47 303 238 66 910 45 210 241 * 2.6 15 to 24 years 4 541 ........................ 26 787 400 4 587 25 108 502 4 242 24 423 620 * 4.4 25 to 34 years 14 871 ........................ 45 230 464 15 062 42 131 406 15 344 40 477 347 * 5.0 35 to 44 years 19 808 ........................ 53 034 542 19 793 51 091 416 19 761 49 695 520 1.6 45 to 54 years 17 475 ........................ 60 370 474 16 939 56 704 509 16 400 54 879 622 * 4.2 55 to 64 years 11 599 ........................ 46 483 708 11 577 45 803 696 11 163 43 053 788 –0.7 65 years and over 19 376 ...................... 23 344 239 19 254 22 442 263 19 196 21 374 255 1.8 65 to 74 years 9 883 ........................ 28 470 481 9 998 27 385 435 9 917 26 363 415 1.7

75 years and over 9 493 .................... 19 491 269 9 257 18 205 294 9 279 17 410 257 * 4.8

Size of Household

One person 22 307 ............................ 21 460 218 22 176 20 845 237 21 998 19 288 219 0.7 Two people 30 142 ............................ 45 091 394 29 897 43 218 451 28 817 40 954 296 * 2.1 Three people 13 837 ........................... 54 052 683 14 217 51 462 441 14 215 50 269 483 * 2.8 Four people 12 798 ............................ 61 983 543 12 476 58 580 676 12 654 55 819 556 * 3.5 Five people 5 682 ............................ 57 392 1 066 5 699 56 169 772 5 801 52 493 916 – Six people 1 837 ............................. 53 798 1 807 1 848 52 721 1 579 1 738 48 974 1 668 –0.2 Seven people or more 1 066 ................... 54 353 1 685 898 51 915 2 424 883 46 044 2 306 2.4

Number of Earners

No earners 17 500 ............................. 16 699 184 17 968 15 929 199 18 104 15 324 187 * 2.6

One earner 29 544 ............................ 33 984 306 29 308 32 844 304 28 332 31 412 197 1.2

Two earners or more 40 627 .................... 64 244 358 39 936 61 747 284 39 670 58 947 380 * 1.8

Two earners 31 761 ......................... 60 864 307 31 477 58 524 360 31 256 55 474 316 * 1.8

Three earners 6 526 ........................ 74 577 793 6 380 70 882 912 6 306 68 363 799 * 2.9

Four earners or more 2 340 .................. 89 308 1 999 2 080 90 049 1 874 2 108 86 319 1 586 –3.0

Work Experience of Householder

Total 87 671 ............................ 42 504 239 87 212 40 912 204 86 106 38 972 247 * 1.6

Worked 62 726 ................................ 52 102 235 62 385 50 360 232 61 469 47 973 297 * 1.2

Worked full~time, year~round 46 570 ........... 57 426 334 46 411 55 001 308 45 226 53 045 325 * 2.2

Did not work 24 945 ........................... 21 690 219 24 827 20 463 235 24 637 19 342 201 * 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.

2 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin

of Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[Households as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1998~1999)

BLACK

All households 12 849 .................... 27 910 519 12 579 25 351 397 12 474 25 050 431 * 7.7

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 11 292 ................ 29 246 599 10 928 26 024 428 10 761 25 720 463 * 10.0 1 million or more 8 259 ...................... 30 703 531 8 001 26 828 551 7 884 26 967 529 * 12.0 Inside central cities 5 076 ................. 26 447 566 5 274 22 717 706 5 157 23 156 703 * 13.9 Outside central cities 3 182 ............... 39 536 1 332 2 726 35 646 1 348 2 727 34 949 1 261 * 8.5 Under 1 million 3 033 ....................... 26 014 699 2 928 24 041 1 081 2 877 21 683 792 5.9 Inside central cities 1 938 ................. 24 456 827 1 832 22 386 1 061 1 876 19 901 913 6.9 Outside central cities 1 095 ............... 30 247 2 870 1 095 26 026 1 029 1 002 24 597 1 286 13.7 Outside metropolitan areas 1 557 .............. 21 077 1 420 1 651 21 123 1 076 1 713 20 184 1 735 –2.4

Region

Northeast 2 316 .............................. 27 181 1 401 2 354 22 908 1 060 2 286 23 312 1 033 * 16.1

Midwest 2 446 ............................... 26 876 1 097 2 344 24 215 874 2 288 23 861 1 032 * 8.6

South 7 001 ................................. 27 548 553 6 817 25 420 528 6 814 25 074 555 * 6.0

West 1 086 .................................. 36 100 1 978 1 064 33 040 2 297 1 086 29 988 1 405 6.9

Type of Household

Family households 8 664 ...................... 33 805 928 8 444 30 636 574 8 408 29 915 570 * 8.0

Married~couple families 4 144 ................ 50 758 993 3 975 47 382 1 171 3 921 45 372 755 * 4.8

Male householder, no wife

present 706 ............................ 37 825 1 679 660 30 360 1 742 562 28 593 1 191 * 21.9

Female householder, no husband

present 3 814 ............................ 19 133 461 3 809 17 737 516 3 926 17 962 627 * 5.5

Nonfamily households 4 185 ................... 19 860 667 4 135 16 071 646 4 066 17 073 559 * 20.9

Male householder 1 876 ..................... 24 235 1 057 1 827 20 673 912 1 876 19 459 864 * 14.7

Living alone 1 580 ....................... 22 022 968 1 545 18 351 1 065 1 594 17 139 921 * 17.4

Female householder 2 309 .................. 15 886 925 2 308 13 608 592 2 190 15 341 722 * 14.2

Living alone 2 025 ....................... 14 036 571 2 087 12 397 540 1 982 13 738 837 * 10.8

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 10 963 ......................... 30 692 497 10 703 27 764 611 10 595 27 238 455 * 8.2 15 to 24 years 1 002 ........................ 15 576 1 324 866 13 630 1 611 935 15 056 1 284 11.8 25 to 34 years 2 724 ........................ 28 766 934 2 750 26 346 654 2 752 26 149 857 * 6.8 35 to 44 years 3 149 ........................ 35 061 1 289 3 110 31 297 835 3 096 27 710 769 * 9.6 45 to 54 years 2 566 ........................ 39 638 1 354 2 444 35 472 1 123 2 371 33 761 1 766 * 9.3 55 to 64 years 1 522 ........................ 28 631 1 632 1 532 25 200 1 243 1 441 27 350 1 936 * 11.2 65 years and over 1 886 ...................... 16 312 876 1 877 13 936 563 1 878 14 241 583 * 14.5 65 to 74 years 1 110 ........................ 18 647 861 1 084 14 560 764 1 123 16 287 965 * 25.3

75 years and over 776 .................... 13 637 785 793 12 886 881 755 12 101 715 3.5

Size of Household

One person 3 605 ............................ 17 062 687 3 633 14 285 487 3 576 15 258 563 * 16.9 Two people 3 436 ............................ 28 952 1 096 3 339 26 506 638 3 120 26 870 775 * 6.9 Three people 2 525 ........................... 33 347 1 761 2 342 28 661 1 233 2 338 28 047 1 287 * 13.8 Four people 1 739 ............................ 40 816 1 243 1 771 37 862 1 666 1 930 35 529 1 283 5.5 Five people 898 ............................ 40 510 1 901 905 36 160 1 479 916 36 525 2 596 * 9.6 Six people 418 ............................. 40 508 3 554 348 31 752 2 325 340 32 050 2 871 * 24.8 Seven people or more 229 ................... 32 583 4 012 242 31 420 1 756 253 30 799 3 558 1.5

Number of Earners

No earners 2 492 ............................. 8 776 253 2 759 8 084 214 2 660 8 172 249 * 6.2

One earner 5 593 ............................ 23 097 620 5 472 22 046 361 5 428 21 319 386 2.5

Two earners or more 4 764 .................... 53 480 1 095 4 348 50 668 704 4 386 47 602 776 3.3

Two earners 3 770 ......................... 49 320 1 030 3 453 46 905 930 3 459 44 728 730 2.9

Three earners 780 ........................ 64 465 2 153 657 58 713 2 611 755 57 599 1 698 7.4

Four earners or more 214 .................. 77 230 6 735 238 74 696 3 595 172 77 190 4 350 1.2

Work Experience of Householder

Total 12 849 ............................ 27 910 519 12 579 25 351 397 12 474 25 050 431 * 7.7

Worked 9 236 ................................ 35 298 568 8 735 33 046 673 8 855 31 461 417 * 4.5

Worked full~time, year~round 6 536 ........... 41 256 580 6 221 39 565 810 6 141 36 928 541 2.0

Did not work 3 613 ........................... 12 636 492 3 845 10 656 402 3 619 10 523 375 * 16.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 3

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin

of Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[Households as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1998~1999)

HISPANIC ORIGIN1

All households 9 319 .................... 30 735 454 9 060 28 330 545 8 590 26 628 474 * 6.1

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 8 519 ................ 31 313 488 8 322 28 819 581 7 808 27 078 517 * 6.3 1 million or more 6 318 ...................... 32 702 699 6 157 30 206 570 5 805 28 433 740 * 5.9 Inside central cities 3 179 ................. 28 571 959 3 258 25 655 638 3 099 23 398 789 * 9.0 Outside central cities 3 139 ............... 37 048 932 2 900 35 892 809 2 706 35 506 1 081 1.0 Under 1 million 2 201 ....................... 27 088 882 2 165 25 292 875 2 002 23 883 1 079 4.8 Inside central cities 1 285 ................. 26 279 1 061 1 241 23 543 1 521 1 180 23 262 1 551 9.2 Outside central cities 916 ............... 28 331 1 382 924 26 748 1 318 822 24 408 1 273 3.6 Outside metropolitan areas 800 .............. 24 993 1 404 738 24 537 1 784 783 22 383 1 800 –0.3

Region

Northeast 1 469 .............................. 27 997 1 376 1 526 26 009 1 244 1 468 24 023 1 435 5.3

Midwest 704 ............................... 38 377 2 138 651 32 365 1 764 644 31 009 1 676 * 16.0

South 3 286 ................................. 29 981 898 3 200 27 222 818 2 939 26 207 754 * 7.8

West 3 860 .................................. 31 089 657 3 684 29 193 810 3 539 27 276 930 * 4.2

Type of Household

Family households 7 561 ...................... 33 077 691 7 270 30 812 505 6 961 29 253 638 * 5.0

Married~couple families 5 133 ................ 37 583 820 4 945 35 207 668 4 804 34 317 890 * 4.4

Male householder, no wife

present 658 ............................ 34 320 1 771 600 32 239 1 393 545 28 249 1 839 4.2

Female householder, no husband

present 1 769 ............................ 20 765 861 1 725 18 452 927 1 612 16 393 641 * 10.1

Nonfamily households 1 758 ................... 20 462 1 087 1 790 16 805 1 243 1 630 16 807 902 * 19.1

Male householder 974 ..................... 24 387 1 172 927 23 427 1 566 875 21 059 857 1.9

Living alone 666 ....................... 19 637 1 449 644 18 358 1 975 623 16 524 930 4.7

Female householder 783 .................. 14 682 1 333 863 11 669 654 754 11 485 667 * 23.1

Living alone 630 ....................... 10 787 915 685 9 812 529 617 9 666 605 7.6

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 8 317 ......................... 32 278 518 8 096 30 131 507 7 674 28 315 644 * 4.8 15 to 24 years 871 ........................ 24 268 1 071 908 21 739 1 156 780 19 341 1 021 * 9.2 25 to 34 years 2 477 ........................ 31 377 867 2 423 28 980 854 2 303 27 519 879 * 5.9 35 to 44 years 2 494 ........................ 34 699 1 012 2 412 32 488 1 029 2 316 31 148 900 4.5 45 to 54 years 1 546 ........................ 39 711 1 882 1 447 37 026 1 383 1 386 32 074 1 290 4.9 55 to 64 years 929 ........................ 30 718 1 503 906 28 765 1 720 889 27 648 2 325 4.5 65 years and over 1 002 ...................... 16 858 1 023 964 14 729 802 916 14 168 868 * 12.0 65 to 74 years 643 ........................ 18 807 1 768 632 16 542 1 167 566 15 885 1 271 11.2

75 years and over 359 .................... 14 166 1 335 332 12 246 935 350 11 015 1 261 13.2

Size of Household

One person 1 296 ............................ 15 162 819 1 329 12 584 676 1 240 12 222 777 * 17.9 Two people 1 945 ............................ 26 864 807 1 972 26 522 917 1 838 26 390 961 –0.9 Three people 1 787 ........................... 31 832 1 192 1 767 29 405 1 133 1 728 26 396 1 050 5.9 Four people 1 939 ............................ 36 267 1 120 1 823 32 998 1 203 1 763 33 053 1 577 * 7.5 Five people 1 265 ............................ 36 292 1 289 1 264 33 714 1 677 1 199 31 586 1 247 5.3 Six people 558 ............................. 35 708 2 755 544 33 797 1 699 463 30 185 2 045 3.4 Seven people or more 529 ................... 44 003 2 408 361 41 343 3 717 358 36 088 3 060 4.1

Number of Earners

No earners 1 168 ............................. 9 278 321 1 296 8 353 328 1 312 7 842 351 * 8.7

One earner 3 321 ............................ 21 708 468 3 303 21 175 440 3 081 20 464 401 0.3

Two earners or more 4 830 .................... 45 846 667 4 461 42 941 771 4 197 41 081 590 * 4.5

Two earners 3 354 ......................... 40 396 775 3 234 38 288 1 043 3 096 37 106 799 3.2

Three earners 974 ........................ 51 934 1 682 842 48 156 1 743 759 47 569 1 604 5.5

Four earners or more 502 .................. 71 784 3 553 386 71 630 2 486 342 58 360 2 270 –2.0

Work Experience of Householder

Total 9 319 ............................ 30 735 454 9 060 28 330 545 8 590 26 628 474 * 6.1

Worked 7 045 ................................ 36 006 553 6 851 33 355 658 6 401 32 019 462 * 5.6

Worked full~time, year~round 5 079 ........... 40 420 754 4 922 37 152 647 4 592 36 701 629 * 6.4

Did not work 2 274 ........................... 15 812 571 2 209 13 618 569 2 189 11 893 442 * 13.6

See footnotes at end of table.

4 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 1. Median Income of Households by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin

of Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[Households as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1998~1999)

NON~HISPANIC WHITE

All households 78 819 .................... 44 366 279 78 577 42 439 244 77 936 40 577 211 * 2.3

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 61 156 ................ 47 490 329 60 904 46 075 285 60 381 43 839 330 0.8 1 million or more 39 059 ...................... 51 463 344 38 932 50 098 365 38 609 47 546 424 0.5 Inside central cities 10 779 ................. 45 072 840 10 896 42 569 776 11 042 39 751 648 * 3.6 Outside central cities 28 280 ............... 54 107 558 28 036 52 366 434 27 567 50 906 374 1.1 Under 1 million 22 097 ....................... 41 686 436 21 972 39 913 428 21 772 38 293 439 * 2.2 Inside central cities 7 924 ................. 38 069 807 8 129 37 027 605 8 124 34 808 665 0.6 Outside central cities 14 173 ............... 43 480 572 13 843 41 517 509 13 648 40 391 502 * 2.5 Outside metropolitan areas 17 663 .............. 35 122 529 17 673 33 656 541 17 555 31 544 444 2.1

Region

Northeast 15 843 .............................. 45 901 584 15 556 45 103 560 15 658 42 590 520 –0.4

Midwest 20 871 ............................... 45 212 495 21 037 42 489 491 20 851 40 325 385 * 4.1

South 26 336 ................................. 41 922 411 26 210 40 185 394 26 095 38 101 451 * 2.1

West 15 769 .................................. 46 006 600 15 774 44 628 621 15 332 42 789 644 0.9

Type of Household

Family households 53 066 ...................... 54 906 339 53 101 52 209 257 52 871 50 312 242 * 2.9

Married~couple families 43 865 ................ 59 853 361 43 664 57 051 308 43 423 54 364 326 * 2.6

Male householder, no wife

present 2 468 ............................ 44 988 1 056 2 529 44 179 1 285 2 622 40 891 996 –0.4

Female householder, no husband

present 6 732 ............................ 31 684 533 6 909 29 488 480 6 826 27 730 490 * 5.1

Nonfamily households 25 753 ................... 25 496 264 25 476 25 071 276 25 065 22 799 307 –0.5

Male householder 11 278 ..................... 32 194 387 11 126 32 181 393 10 901 30 532 343 * –2.1

Living alone 8 562 ....................... 28 177 583 8 420 27 650 511 8 431 26 076 417 –0.3

Female householder 14 475 .................. 20 571 284 14 350 19 614 288 14 164 18 276 276 * 2.6

Living alone 12 508 ....................... 18 095 304 12 507 17 366 261 12 397 16 169 274 1.9

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 60 407 ......................... 51 890 243 60 255 49 914 268 59 619 47 468 281 * 1.7 15 to 24 years 3 721 ........................ 27 237 510 3 734 26 094 552 3 512 25 802 574 2.1 25 to 34 years 12 533 ........................ 47 899 640 12 769 45 236 533 13 154 42 313 434 * 3.6 35 to 44 years 17 440 ........................ 55 853 455 17 499 53 634 557 17 573 51 703 364 * 1.9 45 to 54 years 16 008 ........................ 61 754 464 15 557 58 473 672 15 073 57 235 685 * 3.3 55 to 64 years 10 704 ........................ 47 885 750 10 697 47 408 696 10 309 44 873 774 –1.2 65 years and over 18 412 ...................... 23 669 242 18 322 22 854 280 18 316 21 705 260 1.3 65 to 74 years 9 273 ........................ 29 186 495 9 383 28 092 465 9 379 26 909 421 1.7

75 years and over 9 139 .................... 19 664 273 8 939 18 441 294 8 937 17 613 273 * 4.3

Size of Household

One person 21 070 ............................ 21 793 222 20 927 21 260 243 20 828 19 632 221 0.3 Two people 28 314 ............................ 46 362 408 28 031 44 778 437 27 105 41 913 308 1.3 Three people 12 144 ........................... 57 403 639 12 530 54 513 660 12 571 52 878 530 * 3.0 Four people 10 962 ............................ 66 339 655 10 721 62 227 591 10 963 59 967 638 * 4.3 Five people 4 476 ............................ 64 793 1 231 4 500 62 047 946 4 640 58 809 1 396 2.2 Six people 1 299 ............................. 63 143 1 811 1 316 61 696 1 961 1 293 56 829 1 903 0.1 Seven people or more 555 ................... 60 825 2 665 551 59 635 2 608 535 55 006 2 502 –0.2

Number of Earners

No earners 16 400 ............................. 17 326 189 16 751 16 674 201 16 881 16 030 191 1.7

One earner 26 381 ............................ 35 751 232 26 152 34 817 299 25 407 32 627 281 0.5

Two earners or more 36 038 .................... 66 706 338 35 673 64 146 368 35 647 61 107 274 * 1.7

Two earners 28 581 ......................... 62 959 411 28 388 60 749 330 28 302 57 371 357 * 1.4

Three earners 5 591 ........................ 78 844 1 057 5 565 74 612 984 5 570 71 446 1 137 * 3.4

Four earners or more 1 866 .................. 94 536 1 633 1 721 93 505 1 604 1 774 90 679 1 768 –1.1

Work Experience of Householder

Total 78 819 ............................ 44 366 279 78 577 42 439 244 77 936 40 577 211 * 2.3

Worked 56 037 ................................ 54 564 351 55 855 52 212 238 55 362 50 245 220 * 2.2

Worked full~time, year~round 41 738 ........... 59 990 340 41 719 56 972 301 40 850 55 165 308 * 3.0

Did not work 22 783 ........................... 22 267 227 22 722 21 107 247 22 573 19 992 223 * 3.2

1Hispanics may be of any race.

Income 5

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2. Selected CharacteristicsmHouseholds by Total Money Income in 1999

[Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Median income Mean income

Total

Less

than $5,000

$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $34,999$35,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999$75,000to $99,999$100,000 and

over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

All households 104 705 .......... 3 010 6 646 7 660 14 720 13 271 16 539 19 272 10 755 12 831 40 816 192 54 842 287

TYPE OF RESIDENCE

Inside metropolitan areas 84 259 ....... 2 334 4 907 5 727 11 205 10 457 13 110 15 581 9 276 11 661 42 785 277 57 866 337 Inside central cities 31 825 .......... 1 302 2 612 2 675 4 793 4 280 4 882 5 211 2 697 3 373 35 573 307 50 197 538 1 million or more 20 214 .......... 877 1 632 1 658 2 961 2 571 3 107 3 329 1 750 2 330 36 485 387 51 947 718 Under 1 million 11 611 ............ 425 980 1 017 1 832 1 709 1 775 1 881 947 1 043 33 756 631 47 149 781 Outside central cities 52 433 ......... 1 031 2 295 3 052 6 412 6 177 8 228 10 371 6 579 8 289 47 708 380 62 521 429 1 million or more 35 917 .......... 670 1 468 1 952 4 036 3 959 5 413 7 137 4 812 6 470 51 221 376 66 553 550 Under 1 million 16 516 ............ 362 826 1 100 2 376 2 218 2 815 3 233 1 767 1 819 41 703 450 53 754 641 Outside metropolitan areas 20 447 ..... 676 1 739 1 933 3 515 2 814 3 429 3 691 1 480 1 170 33 021 566 42 380 557

REGION

Northeast 20 087 .................... 591 1 340 1 536 2 740 2 358 2 865 3 536 2 163 2 958 41 984 425 59 581 719

Midwest 24 508 ...................... 618 1 459 1 670 3 385 2 924 3 996 4 996 2 576 2 885 42 679 506 54 436 534

South 37 303 ........................ 1 180 2 661 2 968 5 503 5 044 5 986 6 460 3 654 3 848 37 442 333 50 728 444

West 22 808 ......................... 621 1 186 1 486 3 093 2 946 3 692 4 280 2 363 3 141 42 720 476 57 834 699

RACE AND HISPANIC

ORIGIN OF

HOUSEHOLDER

White 87 671 ........................ 2 016 4 840 6 100 12 154 11 071 13 999 16 731 9 462 11 298 42 504 240 56 908 324

Non~Hispanic White 78 819 .......... 1 681 4 133 5 251 10 469 9 662 12 513 15 396 8 874 10 841 44 366 280 58 760 350

Black 12 849 ........................ 805 1 563 1 299 2 109 1 755 1 886 1 804 841 788 27 910 520 38 448 550

Hispanic origin1 ............... 9 319 365 741 900 1 761 1 471 1 553 1 413 626 488 30 735 454 40 452 727

TYPE OF HOUSEHOLD

Family households 72 025 ............. 1 547 2 190 3 264 8 479 8 513 12 062 15 462 9 322 11 187 49 940 273 63 522 363

Married~couple families 55 311 ....... 585 732 1 669 5 439 5 961 9 194 13 032 8 299 10 399 56 827 305 71 056 440

Male householder, no wife

present 4 028 ................... 87 129 229 537 598 831 807 403 407 41 838 797 53 663 1 183

Female householder, no

husband present 12 687 ........... 874 1 329 1 365 2 503 1 955 2 037 1 622 620 381 26 164 361 33 804 469

Nonfamily households 32 680 .......... 1 463 4 456 4 397 6 241 4 758 4 477 3 810 1 433 1 644 24 566 271 35 713 410

Male householder 14 641 ........... 648 1 302 1 378 2 551 2 325 2 372 2 164 862 1 038 30 753 345 43 405 779

Living alone 11 181 ............... 587 1 212 1 207 2 151 1 881 1 796 1 345 432 570 26 852 338 37 709 851

Female householder 18 039 ......... 815 3 154 3 019 3 690 2 432 2 105 1 646 571 607 19 917 277 29 470 374

Living alone 15 543 ............... 779 3 072 2 894 3 378 2 085 1 653 1 057 316 309 17 347 223 25 341 357

AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER

Under 65 years 82 961 ............... 2 444 3 819 4 350 9 495 10 146 13 808 17 286 9 866 11 747 46 805 224 60 129 336

15 to 24 years 5 860 .............. 482 561 605 1 255 1 049 930 640 183 154 25 171 419 31 310 605

25 to 34 years 18 627 .............. 518 711 1 011 2 448 2 752 3 489 4 157 1 829 1 711 42 174 402 52 151 571

35 to 44 years 23 955 .............. 517 798 973 2 538 2 831 4 066 5 503 3 209 3 520 50 873 397 62 827 615

45 to 54 years 20 927 .............. 386 869 844 1 754 1 989 3 210 4 494 3 149 4 233 56 917 532 71 697 765

55 to 64 years 13 592 .............. 541 881 917 1 499 1 525 2 113 2 491 1 495 2 130 44 597 647 60 922 930

65 years and over 21 745 ............. 566 2 827 3 311 5 225 3 125 2 731 1 987 890 1 084 22 812 229 34 671 455

65 to 74 years 11 325 .............. 259 1 189 1 325 2 458 1 694 1 694 1 359 591 756 27 304 440 40 641 746

75 years and over 10 419 ........... 307 1 637 1 985 2 767 1 431 1 037 628 298 328 19 161 267 28 182 475

Mean age of householder 48.7 ...... 46.6 56.8 56.4 52.3 48.0 46.4 45.1 46.0 47.4 (X) (X) (X) (X)

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD

One person 26 724 ................... 1 366 4 284 4 101 5 529 3 966 3 449 2 402 748 879 21 083 204 30 516 416

Two people 34 666 ................... 825 1 170 2 003 4 997 4 755 5 915 6 934 3 630 4 437 43 342 361 57 393 490

Three people 17 152 ................. 384 617 686 1 937 1 854 2 856 3 880 2 340 2 597 51 190 484 62 983 715

Four people 15 309 ................... 260 315 458 1 207 1 440 2 490 3 635 2 543 2 962 59 768 597 72 738 831

Five people 6 981 ................... 118 154 251 638 783 1 177 1 580 1 008 1 271 54 440 892 68 739 1 230

Six people 2 445 .................... 27 75 107 261 282 423 508 317 444 51 887 1 435 70 003 2 450

Seven people or more 1 428 ......... 29 31 55 151 190 229 334 168 242 52 146 1 916 64 646 2 547

Mean size of household 2.62 ........ 2.07 1.70 1.90 2.21 2.44 2.70 2.95 3.17 3.22 (X) (X) (X) (X)

NUMBER OF EARNERS

No earners 20 521 ................... 1 802 4 338 3 887 4 837 2 346 1 647 952 343 369 15 405 186 22 242 264

One earner 36 689 ................... 1 081 2 003 3 123 7 195 6 601 6 675 5 296 2 151 2 566 31 948 183 44 524 451

Two earners or more 47 495 ........... 127 305 651 2 688 4 324 8 218 13 025 8 261 9 896 63 021 339 76 898 466

Two earners 37 070 ................ 117 280 606 2 445 3 782 6 895 10 300 5 859 6 787 59 699 351 73 119 529 Three earners 7 687 ............... 7 24 37 208 471 1 089 2 089 1 758 2 004 74 074 741 86 356 1 095 Four earners or more 2 738 ........ 3 2 8 35 71 233 636 645 1 105 89 420 1 769 101 518 1 940

Mean number of earners 1.42 ....... 0.45 0.40 0.59 0.89 1.22 1.53 1.84 2.08 2.16 (X) (X) (X) (X)

WORK EXPERIENCE OF

HOUSEHOLDER

Total 104 705 ................... 3 010 6 646 7 660 14 720 13 271 16 539 19 272 10 755 12 831 40 816 192 54 842 287

Worked 75 166 ...................... 1 050 2 052 3 214 8 449 9 468 13 121 16 646 9 593 11 572 50 246 221 63 965 363

Worked at full~time jobs 65 248 ...... 611 1 179 2 285 6 800 8 094 11 715 15 096 8 821 10 646 52 261 223 66 313 388

50 weeks or more 55 487 ......... 252 406 1 438 5 173 6 708 10 216 13 556 8 033 9 706 55 619 283 69 441 423

27 to 49 weeks 6 316 ............ 89 325 493 1 021 899 1 020 1 131 625 713 38 868 851 54 374 1 231

26 weeks or less 3 445 .......... 271 447 354 606 487 480 409 163 228 26 001 995 37 808 1 292

Worked at part~time jobs 9 918 ..... 439 873 930 1 649 1 374 1 406 1 551 772 926 32 586 544 48 520 993

50 weeks or more 5 153 ......... 95 360 467 876 681 796 881 467 530 36 594 882 51 984 1 271

27 to 49 weeks............ 2 198 68 198 206 373 339 276 380 142 217 32 015 1 007 49 224 2 394

26 weeks or less 2 567 .......... 275 315 257 400 354 334 290 163 179 26 079 1 117 40 964 1 982

Did not work 29 539 .................. 1 960 4 594 4 446 6 271 3 803 3 418 2 626 1 162 1 259 20 627 211 31 628 353

See footnotes at end of table.

6 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 2. Selected CharacteristicsmHouseholds by Total Money Income in 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Median income Mean income

Total

Less

than $5,000

$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $34,999$35,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999$75,000to $99,999$100,000 and

over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

EDUCATIONAL

ATTAINMENT2

Total 98 845 ................... 2 528 6 085 7 055 13 465 12 222 15 609 18 632 10 572 12 677 42 038 198 56 237 300

Less than 9th grade 6 800 ........... 394 1 392 1 181 1 517 919 662 502 131 102 17 261 333 24 423 479

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 8 974 .. 494 1 351 1 258 1 957 1 340 1 232 944 250 150 21 737 382 28 779 536

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 30 846 ................. 866 1 972 2 580 5 206 4 461 5 444 5 870 2 664 1 784 35 744 289 44 246 349

Some college, no degree 17 986 ....... 333 718 999 2 477 2 370 3 312 3 810 2 068 1 898 44 149 514 54 527 593

Associate degree 7 755 .............. 130 222 410 836 1 009 1 330 1 821 1 034 962 49 279 793 58 472 907

Bachelor’s degree or more 26 484 ...... 312 431 626 1 472 2 124 3 628 5 685 4 425 7 780 69 804 541 88 184 816

Bachelor’s degree 17 144 ........... 223 303 469 1 063 1 594 2 577 3 799 2 885 4 230 64 406 774 79 332 859

Master’s degree 6 336 ............. 59 78 104 325 388 788 1 446 1 095 2 053 74 476 1 357 92 126 1 688

Professional degree 1 651 ......... 11 23 45 57 79 160 193 225 857 100 000 31 944 136 416 5 485

Doctorate degree 1 353 ............ 18 26 9 27 63 103 246 220 640 97 325 2 683 123 042 4 579

1Hispanics may be of any race.

2Restricted to people 25 years and over.

Income 7

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. People in Households by Total Household Income in 1999, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin

[Numbers in thousands. People in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

ALL RACES

All Ages

Total 133 816 ............................ 58 731 15 249 45 800 7 183 6 854 140 086 45 975 40 062 40 861 7 433 5 755

Less than $5,000 2 706 ................... 1 151 169 1 163 141 82 3 516 1 859 416 974 161 106

$5,000 to $9,999 4 090 ................... 1 957 206 1 497 267 163 7 176 4 689 526 1 477 316 168

$10,000 to $14,999 6 045 ................. 2 770 507 2 131 352 286 8 523 4 891 1 163 1 842 356 271

$15,000 to $19,999 7 171 ................. 3 359 701 2 336 400 375 9 026 4 123 1 862 2 245 445 351

$20,000 to $24,999 7 785 ................. 3 668 799 2 490 446 382 8 496 3 570 2 076 1 997 454 398

$25,000 to $29,999 7 894 ................. 3 695 819 2 443 468 469 8 525 3 195 2 149 2 302 489 390

$30,000 to $34,999 7 872 ................. 3 572 798 2 566 499 436 8 135 2 809 2 194 2 264 498 369

$35,000 to $39,999 7 894 ................. 3 585 807 2 677 432 393 7 832 2 431 2 361 2 246 471 323

$40,000 to $44,999 7 394 ................. 3 351 818 2 362 433 429 7 552 2 214 2 278 2 260 420 380

$45,000 to $49,999 7 007 ................. 3 035 799 2 346 407 419 6 995 1 923 2 129 2 120 458 364

$50,000 to $54,999 6 954 ................. 3 041 821 2 320 401 371 6 639 1 748 2 201 2 009 362 320

$55,000 to $59,999 6 093 ................. 2 618 717 2 063 300 394 5 850 1 446 1 947 1 840 292 325

$60,000 to $64,999 6 083 ................. 2 664 764 2 065 318 272 6 076 1 448 2 030 1 989 352 256

$65,000 to $69,999 5 148 ................. 2 146 722 1 730 278 273 4 952 1 234 1 686 1 541 257 233

$70,000 to $74,999 4 635 ................. 1 975 536 1 624 264 236 4 436 952 1 609 1 463 237 176

$75,000 to $79,999 4 663 ................. 1 933 626 1 724 173 206 4 367 970 1 561 1 409 232 196

$80,000 to $84,999 3 882 ................. 1 740 510 1 209 220 202 3 806 786 1 430 1 257 197 136

$85,000 to $89,999 3 241 ................. 1 351 430 1 153 142 165 3 212 672 1 114 1 138 161 127

$90,000 to $94,999 2 937 ................. 1 186 364 1 119 143 125 2 711 550 1 002 921 140 97

$95,000 to $99,999 2 757 ................. 1 091 332 1 067 130 135 2 492 477 928 889 125 73

$100,000 and over 21 566 .................. 8 843 3 001 7 712 968 1 042 19 768 3 989 7 398 6 676 1 007 698

Under 3 Years Old

Total 5 962 ............................ – – 5 237 627 98 5 747 – – 4 965 653 130

Less than $5,000 206 ................... – – 188 17 1 215 – – 193 19 3

$5,000 to $9,999 269 ................... – – 212 54 3 271 – – 238 27 5

$10,000 to $14,999 308 ................. – – 268 34 6 275 – – 226 40 8

$15,000 to $19,999 359 ................. – – 305 43 10 360 – – 317 25 17

$20,000 to $24,999 388 ................. – – 340 39 9 322 – – 266 42 13

$25,000 to $29,999 373 ................. – – 322 32 19 371 – – 320 35 16

$30,000 to $34,999 350 ................. – – 290 54 6 313 – – 271 38 4

$35,000 to $39,999 361 ................. – – 335 24 2 409 – – 359 41 9

$40,000 to $44,999 300 ................. – – 259 37 5 330 – – 282 38 9

$45,000 to $49,999 363 ................. – – 307 40 16 310 – – 261 47 2

$50,000 to $54,999 294 ................. – – 272 20 2 283 – – 236 38 9

$55,000 to $59,999 267 ................. – – 223 37 6 262 – – 222 32 8

$60,000 to $64,999 293 ................. – – 252 41 – 270 – – 252 18 1

$65,000 to $69,999 186 ................. – – 171 13 2 209 – – 187 20 1

$70,000 to $74,999 186 ................. – – 177 6 3 175 – – 140 30 4

$75,000 to $79,999 223 ................. – – 199 24 – 177 – – 133 41 3

$80,000 to $84,999 138 ................. – – 128 10 – 140 – – 121 12 6

$85,000 to $89,999 121 ................. – – 109 11 – 108 – – 98 8 2

$90,000 to $94,999 134 ................. – – 124 10 – 80 – – 65 15 –

$95,000 to $99,999 74 ................. – – 63 11 – 91 – – 77 14 –

$100,000 and over 769 .................. – – 692 70 7 777 – – 698 72 7

3 to 5 Years Old

Total 6 081 ............................ – – 5 433 529 120 5 784 – – 5 150 507 127

Less than $5,000 180 ................... – – 170 7 3 172 – – 154 17 –

$5,000 to $9,999 267 ................... – – 251 15 1 287 – – 259 23 6

$10,000 to $14,999 314 ................. – – 279 33 2 306 – – 284 14 9

$15,000 to $19,999 368 ................. – – 330 23 15 329 – – 287 37 5

$20,000 to $24,999 399 ................. – – 354 32 12 321 – – 297 17 7

$25,000 to $29,999 374 ................. – – 325 38 11 364 – – 314 39 12

$30,000 to $34,999 428 ................. – – 366 47 14 367 – – 307 54 6

$35,000 to $39,999 432 ................. – – 383 42 7 365 – – 306 44 15

$40,000 to $44,999 340 ................. – – 307 28 5 349 – – 308 24 17

$45,000 to $49,999 325 ................. – – 286 33 6 300 – – 278 14 8

$50,000 to $54,999 288 ................. – – 259 15 14 312 – – 273 29 10

$55,000 to $59,999 298 ................. – – 265 26 6 232 – – 211 17 4

$60,000 to $64,999 243 ................. – – 222 20 1 266 – – 240 19 7

$65,000 to $69,999 196 ................. – – 171 17 8 222 – – 188 33 1

$70,000 to $74,999 201 ................. – – 180 19 2 247 – – 231 11 4

$75,000 to $79,999 207 ................. – – 186 16 5 188 – – 167 18 4

$80,000 to $84,999 119 ................. – – 97 22 – 153 – – 135 18 –

$85,000 to $89,999 130 ................. – – 120 7 3 102 – – 93 7 1

$90,000 to $94,999 125 ................. – – 114 11 – 97 – – 89 4 4

$95,000 to $99,999 95 ................. – – 88 8 – 60 – – 56 2 3

$100,000 and over 752 .................. – – 680 68 4 746 – – 674 66 6

See footnotes at end of table.

8 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. People in Households by Total Household Income in 1999, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic OriginmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

ALL RACESmCon.

6 to 11 Years Old

Total 12 670 ............................ – – 11 524 838 308 12 086 – – 11 044 784 258

Less than $5,000 401 ................... – – 377 24 – 345 – – 310 24 11

$5,000 to $9,999 514 ................... – – 450 54 10 465 – – 413 41 12

$10,000 to $14,999 658 ................. – – 589 61 8 648 – – 584 56 7

$15,000 to $19,999 770 ................. – – 671 62 36 752 – – 680 57 15

$20,000 to $24,999 718 ................. – – 661 45 12 677 – – 604 55 18

$25,000 to $29,999 809 ................. – – 720 75 13 709 – – 648 48 13

$30,000 to $34,999 792 ................. – – 725 45 22 738 – – 691 42 5

$35,000 to $39,999 762 ................. – – 690 52 20 720 – – 662 41 17

$40,000 to $44,999 687 ................. – – 606 53 28 728 – – 646 50 32

$45,000 to $49,999 634 ................. – – 587 28 19 674 – – 588 68 18

$50,000 to $54,999 670 ................. – – 592 57 21 531 – – 489 30 12

$55,000 to $59,999 551 ................. – – 487 32 32 584 – – 533 34 16

$60,000 to $64,999 537 ................. – – 481 34 22 566 – – 493 47 25

$65,000 to $69,999 462 ................. – – 429 33 – 447 – – 423 13 12

$70,000 to $74,999 397 ................. – – 354 37 7 365 – – 340 25 –

$75,000 to $79,999 426 ................. – – 401 20 4 362 – – 341 17 5

$80,000 to $84,999 297 ................. – – 274 19 5 388 – – 357 18 13

$85,000 to $89,999 256 ................. – – 240 12 4 328 – – 307 18 3

$90,000 to $94,999 289 ................. – – 269 10 10 249 – – 232 8 9

$95,000 to $99,999 271 ................. – – 258 9 4 210 – – 192 17 1

$100,000 and over 1 770 .................. – – 1 661 77 32 1 600 – – 1 512 74 15

12 to 17 Years Old

Total 12 306 ............................ 57 9 11 179 797 263 11 673 93 34 10 435 769 343

Less than $5,000 281 ................... 9 – 242 26 4 252 7 3 214 21 8

$5,000 to $9,999 383 ................... – – 303 70 10 427 3 – 362 48 14

$10,000 to $14,999 566 ................. 4 – 498 53 11 536 9 2 447 65 13

$15,000 to $19,999 680 ................. 4 2 597 71 6 697 12 7 592 72 16

$20,000 to $24,999 697 ................. 8 – 616 60 13 563 6 4 483 47 24

$25,000 to $29,999 621 ................. 3 2 516 81 18 615 11 2 505 77 19

$30,000 to $34,999 657 ................. – – 610 39 9 639 6 1 556 54 22

$35,000 to $39,999 647 ................. – 1 577 57 12 558 6 2 504 37 8

$40,000 to $44,999 651 ................. – – 578 43 30 630 5 3 563 37 22

$45,000 to $49,999 636 ................. 5 – 554 58 19 626 4 3 534 43 43

$50,000 to $54,999 655 ................. 3 – 600 36 16 596 8 – 547 30 10

$55,000 to $59,999 585 ................. – – 531 32 23 544 4 – 484 24 31

$60,000 to $64,999 599 ................. 3 – 559 25 11 551 3 – 503 37 8

$65,000 to $69,999 507 ................. 3 – 468 27 9 507 2 4 468 26 7

$70,000 to $74,999 434 ................. – – 409 17 8 407 1 – 374 18 14

$75,000 to $79,999 415 ................. 2 – 398 6 9 426 2 – 395 14 15

$80,000 to $84,999 365 ................. 2 3 331 21 8 328 – 1 292 22 12

$85,000 to $89,999 338 ................. 1 1 312 16 7 335 – 2 308 20 4

$90,000 to $94,999 302 ................. – – 290 6 6 257 1 – 240 12 4

$95,000 to $99,999 240 ................. 2 – 226 6 6 264 – – 254 4 6

$100,000 and over 2 048 .................. 7 – 1 965 47 30 1 916 1 2 1 810 61 41

18 to 21 Years Old

Total 7 965 ............................ 921 85 5 471 695 792 7 753 1 281 434 4 703 552 784

Less than $5,000 209 ................... 48 – 119 15 27 277 181 10 62 12 11

$5,000 to $9,999 254 ................... 65 11 127 15 35 387 186 24 108 30 38

$10,000 to $14,999 397 ................. 110 7 166 43 71 427 139 34 142 40 72

$15,000 to $19,999 359 ................. 110 15 167 25 41 488 168 45 168 48 59

$20,000 to $24,999 492 ................. 125 11 205 87 64 484 124 54 167 32 108

$25,000 to $29,999 441 ................. 105 15 215 49 57 507 137 49 195 55 70

$30,000 to $34,999 439 ................. 81 1 245 57 55 466 74 69 198 49 77

$35,000 to $39,999 386 ................. 50 6 224 48 57 400 45 51 204 38 63

$40,000 to $44,999 417 ................. 56 5 270 40 46 332 40 27 202 15 48

$45,000 to $49,999 370 ................. 29 3 247 37 54 377 60 16 226 41 34

$50,000 to $54,999 415 ................. 36 6 284 48 41 316 26 14 241 19 16

$55,000 to $59,999 357 ................. 20 – 251 17 70 283 22 6 192 17 46

$60,000 to $64,999 309 ................. 14 – 243 17 34 333 6 3 287 18 19

$65,000 to $69,999 274 ................. 12 3 225 15 20 201 14 3 136 24 24

$70,000 to $74,999 317 ................. 8 – 270 23 16 272 9 14 223 13 13

$75,000 to $79,999 266 ................. 1 – 238 5 22 220 9 2 186 11 12

$80,000 to $84,999 204 ................. 9 – 162 16 17 202 1 – 185 14 3

$85,000 to $89,999 183 ................. 8 – 150 20 5 214 7 – 197 6 2

$90,000 to $94,999 171 ................. 7 – 156 7 1 183 9 – 167 5 2

$95,000 to $99,999 253 ................. 7 – 224 21 – 200 2 6 173 5 14

$100,000 and over 1 453 .................. 21 – 1 283 91 58 1 185 23 5 1 042 62 53

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 9

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. People in Households by Total Household Income in 1999, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic OriginmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

ALL RACESmCon.

22 to 24 Years Old

Total 5 285 ............................ 1 638 304 2 122 435 787 5 454 1 871 1 030 1 528 247 777

Less than $5,000 116 ................... 62 6 26 7 16 253 174 22 21 7 29

$5,000 to $9,999 130 ................... 89 7 22 4 8 291 218 16 29 15 13

$10,000 to $14,999 283 ................. 132 16 71 20 45 330 213 41 35 7 34

$15,000 to $19,999 316 ................. 130 47 43 34 62 371 209 64 42 11 44

$20,000 to $24,999 347 ................. 163 30 65 34 55 411 196 83 35 16 81

$25,000 to $29,999 406 ................. 194 50 71 33 57 408 164 133 58 9 42

$30,000 to $34,999 373 ................. 159 41 72 33 68 337 115 80 74 7 61

$35,000 to $39,999 339 ................. 155 23 85 31 45 364 109 115 64 29 47

$40,000 to $44,999 309 ................. 108 14 93 36 58 299 92 72 74 15 46

$45,000 to $49,999 284 ................. 88 27 105 28 35 292 78 69 68 11 65

$50,000 to $54,999 259 ................. 80 6 113 21 39 277 61 74 79 19 44

$55,000 to $59,999 210 ................. 69 14 80 14 32 206 41 61 64 7 33

$60,000 to $64,999 161 ................. 33 5 80 20 24 225 44 39 87 16 39

$65,000 to $69,999 153 ................. 38 7 58 16 34 174 30 42 57 12 33

$70,000 to $74,999 143 ................. 32 – 74 8 29 144 18 36 62 7 21

$75,000 to $79,999 149 ................. 13 5 99 9 24 134 18 18 72 7 20

$80,000 to $84,999 143 ................. 13 3 91 22 14 104 11 19 53 2 18

$85,000 to $89,999 143 ................. 15 – 94 6 28 87 16 1 48 7 16

$90,000 to $94,999 99 ................. 10 2 60 12 14 95 10 9 66 3 8

$95,000 to $99,999 93 ................. 2 – 78 5 8 69 3 – 56 1 8

$100,000 and over 832 .................. 53 – 645 40 93 584 50 37 383 39 76

25 to 29 Years Old

Total 8 935 ............................ 4 605 1 097 1 567 525 1 142 9 326 3 915 3 105 1 038 406 862

Less than $5,000 144 ................... 96 22 7 9 9 235 188 17 9 16 6

$5,000 to $9,999 173 ................... 91 22 24 15 20 359 280 27 16 19 17

$10,000 to $14,999 333 ................. 188 43 47 21 35 474 339 77 19 15 24

$15,000 to $19,999 466 ................. 304 61 46 18 37 540 332 128 36 8 37

$20,000 to $24,999 480 ................. 315 54 57 23 32 499 284 147 31 19 17

$25,000 to $29,999 619 ................. 371 81 52 25 90 678 355 162 69 20 72

$30,000 to $34,999 514 ................. 321 62 39 28 63 646 315 222 36 23 49

$35,000 to $39,999 652 ................. 389 68 99 29 66 610 236 270 39 25 40

$40,000 to $44,999 562 ................. 295 64 90 46 67 578 219 224 53 25 57

$45,000 to $49,999 582 ................. 293 104 73 25 87 521 183 204 56 25 52

$50,000 to $54,999 509 ................. 305 77 46 24 56 512 173 218 34 29 57

$55,000 to $59,999 451 ................. 218 69 76 27 61 480 169 186 40 32 53

$60,000 to $64,999 500 ................. 251 81 86 21 62 486 153 226 45 20 42

$65,000 to $69,999 442 ................. 208 74 63 35 61 382 120 180 29 13 41

$70,000 to $74,999 333 ................. 165 32 61 32 42 318 94 130 38 5 52

$75,000 to $79,999 307 ................. 139 31 86 14 37 299 78 114 54 13 39

$80,000 to $84,999 249 ................. 113 22 47 18 49 277 75 118 56 14 15

$85,000 to $89,999 182 ................. 84 11 55 6 26 187 38 70 37 12 31

$90,000 to $94,999 172 ................. 54 20 57 7 34 150 50 55 24 4 18

$95,000 to $99,999 185 ................. 67 12 72 9 26 129 18 39 48 15 10

$100,000 and over 1 081 .................. 336 88 383 92 182 966 218 292 271 55 131

30 to 34 Years Old

Total 9 615 ............................ 5 874 1 727 820 406 788 9 894 4 232 4 289 564 254 554

Less than $5,000 100 ................... 74 14 6 3 4 212 160 39 4 4 5

$5,000 to $9,999 146 ................... 91 22 19 2 12 320 249 44 12 7 7

$10,000 to $14,999 334 ................. 202 48 51 7 26 413 282 81 23 5 22

$15,000 to $19,999 429 ................. 320 48 25 7 29 530 314 142 20 8 45

$20,000 to $24,999 464 ................. 295 97 19 24 29 545 285 197 15 18 30

$25,000 to $29,999 539 ................. 329 93 36 26 56 602 332 203 31 8 28

$30,000 to $34,999 652 ................. 415 94 36 40 68 618 315 217 32 28 26

$35,000 to $39,999 665 ................. 392 133 77 21 41 643 286 270 40 20 28

$40,000 to $44,999 592 ................. 409 94 27 12 51 550 203 265 36 15 31

$45,000 to $49,999 603 ................. 368 125 41 19 50 568 217 268 35 12 36

$50,000 to $54,999 570 ................. 353 110 47 21 39 540 172 289 32 12 35

$55,000 to $59,999 560 ................. 354 77 54 32 43 536 148 317 36 12 24

$60,000 to $64,999 556 ................. 363 71 63 28 31 475 142 262 21 15 35

$65,000 to $69,999 425 ................. 237 94 43 6 45 407 144 201 18 11 34

$70,000 to $74,999 397 ................. 266 67 16 25 23 420 123 257 24 8 8

$75,000 to $79,999 370 ................. 203 81 35 19 31 311 98 160 19 9 26

$80,000 to $84,999 334 ................. 191 64 22 16 40 284 98 138 19 11 18

$85,000 to $89,999 220 ................. 107 56 32 6 19 200 84 89 8 3 16

$90,000 to $94,999 204 ................. 116 48 16 6 18 213 66 108 16 5 18

$95,000 to $99,999 167 ................. 100 18 19 9 21 178 51 95 19 8 5

$100,000 and over 1 288 .................. 691 274 135 77 113 1 329 466 647 104 35 78

See footnotes at end of table.

10 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. People in Households by Total Household Income in 1999, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic OriginmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

ALL RACESmCon.

35 to 44 Years Old

Total 22 111 ............................ 14 196 4 241 1 590 704 1 380 22 664 9 759 10 514 845 565 980

Less than $5,000 271 ................... 206 42 11 3 9 407 311 62 – 8 27

$5,000 to $9,999 442 ................... 280 45 66 15 36 658 517 85 21 18 17

$10,000 to $14,999 631 ................. 449 59 81 17 24 796 524 166 46 21 39

$15,000 to $19,999 855 ................. 509 146 102 34 63 1 022 622 266 47 37 50

$20,000 to $24,999 1 027 ................. 716 142 76 25 68 1 161 691 329 59 42 39

$25,000 to $29,999 1 088 ................. 719 154 120 26 68 1 088 562 347 83 42 53

$30,000 to $34,999 1 305 ................. 873 196 114 38 84 1 236 677 421 54 28 55

$35,000 to $39,999 1 263 ................. 836 174 136 44 72 1 132 529 466 48 34 56

$40,000 to $44,999 1 284 ................. 834 253 72 41 85 1 315 556 580 67 35 77

$45,000 to $49,999 1 229 ................. 782 204 97 42 104 1 232 529 558 49 45 52

$50,000 to $54,999 1 298 ................. 844 215 81 80 78 1 241 467 640 52 30 51

$55,000 to $59,999 1 188 ................. 748 269 69 27 74 1 064 411 528 35 25 64

$60,000 to $64,999 1 136 ................. 744 261 42 41 48 1 159 404 635 39 23 58

$65,000 to $69,999 1 033 ................. 656 217 76 41 44 988 362 547 26 11 42

$70,000 to $74,999 918 ................. 585 183 73 24 53 873 281 523 24 20 25

$75,000 to $79,999 905 ................. 547 234 55 17 52 929 351 519 18 19 23

$80,000 to $84,999 734 ................. 478 169 31 14 42 761 223 468 17 21 32

$85,000 to $89,999 668 ................. 444 129 31 18 46 689 180 443 24 11 32

$90,000 to $94,999 562 ................. 381 115 19 26 22 535 128 355 10 16 25

$95,000 to $99,999 522 ................. 313 123 35 27 24 535 164 330 7 13 21

$100,000 and over 3 751 .................. 2 251 911 201 103 284 3 841 1 268 2 246 121 64 142

45 to 54 Years Old

Total 17 880 ............................ 12 742 3 368 604 546 619 18 737 8 184 8 923 431 656 543

Less than $5,000 240 ................... 187 28 13 10 3 317 199 91 4 17 7

$5,000 to $9,999 437 ................... 374 22 20 13 8 633 495 79 13 23 25

$10,000 to $14,999 499 ................. 372 62 31 22 13 691 472 168 19 16 16

$15,000 to $19,999 508 ................. 364 63 29 27 26 796 530 172 31 30 32

$20,000 to $24,999 673 ................. 433 105 67 24 44 744 427 220 29 39 30

$25,000 to $29,999 757 ................. 535 112 46 24 40 907 514 269 56 40 28

$30,000 to $34,999 711 ................. 485 109 54 35 28 849 456 293 32 43 25

$35,000 to $39,999 813 ................. 583 133 46 28 22 936 491 347 16 56 26

$40,000 to $44,999 856 ................. 636 125 46 23 26 910 445 382 24 42 18

$45,000 to $49,999 903 ................. 646 169 38 33 16 941 409 450 20 28 34

$50,000 to $54,999 912 ................. 628 204 16 34 31 850 394 370 20 29 37

$55,000 to $59,999 762 ................. 554 135 22 27 24 825 341 417 19 20 29

$60,000 to $64,999 908 ................. 639 177 34 33 25 933 400 471 23 27 13

$65,000 to $69,999 728 ................. 484 180 16 18 31 707 281 367 7 31 20

$70,000 to $74,999 738 ................. 527 143 11 24 33 683 247 382 5 21 28

$75,000 to $79,999 745 ................. 558 146 27 6 8 735 207 450 17 24 37

$80,000 to $84,999 745 ................. 523 149 19 35 19 675 225 404 18 17 11

$85,000 to $89,999 604 ................. 432 121 9 19 24 533 166 327 16 11 13

$90,000 to $94,999 483 ................. 336 115 9 11 11 488 180 277 10 15 5

$95,000 to $99,999 514 ................. 359 111 4 3 35 499 163 312 7 14 2

$100,000 and over 4 344 .................. 3 088 958 47 98 153 4 081 1 144 2 674 44 112 107

55 to 64 Years Old

Total 11 136 ............................ 8 015 2 206 206 423 286 12 249 5 576 5 809 134 514 216

Less than $5,000 318 ................... 263 28 6 18 3 384 279 100 2 3 –

$5,000 to $9,999 366 ................... 322 27 5 8 4 715 559 128 2 18 8

$10,000 to $14,999 511 ................. 365 87 34 12 12 789 552 194 17 16 10

$15,000 to $19,999 502 ................. 366 81 9 24 22 788 407 319 21 33 7

$20,000 to $24,999 490 ................. 329 97 27 18 18 728 396 289 8 27 7

$25,000 to $29,999 565 ................. 407 99 19 23 17 773 401 312 15 28 18

$30,000 to $34,999 561 ................. 402 109 4 32 12 726 315 339 13 42 17

$35,000 to $39,999 595 ................. 435 99 22 23 16 735 336 353 5 29 12

$40,000 to $44,999 609 ................. 430 123 9 29 17 705 286 372 7 27 14

$45,000 to $49,999 544 ................. 416 95 6 18 9 591 209 324 5 37 16

$50,000 to $54,999 597 ................. 425 126 10 19 18 612 225 341 4 25 18

$55,000 to $59,999 466 ................. 349 100 4 9 4 447 146 260 3 22 15

$60,000 to $64,999 491 ................. 345 118 3 11 14 459 172 253 – 24 9

$65,000 to $69,999 442 ................. 304 97 11 17 13 467 174 253 3 23 14

$70,000 to $74,999 341 ................. 238 66 – 21 16 332 114 194 1 23 –

$75,000 to $79,999 407 ................. 293 80 – 19 16 376 136 202 8 23 8

$80,000 to $84,999 373 ................. 273 71 8 15 6 307 88 197 4 11 7

$85,000 to $89,999 231 ................. 148 81 – 1 1 243 117 108 3 9 5

$90,000 to $94,999 254 ................. 178 43 6 19 8 198 58 125 – 9 5

$95,000 to $99,999 214 ................. 164 38 – 7 5 149 40 96 – 11 2

$100,000 and over 2 260 .................. 1 564 541 21 78 55 1 726 566 1 050 14 73 23

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 11

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. People in Households by Total Household Income in 1999, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic OriginmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

ALL RACESmCon.

65 to 74 Years Old

Total 8 040 ............................ 6 140 1 380 49 296 174 9 747 5 185 3 857 20 585 102

Less than $5,000 136 ................... 114 21 – 1 1 190 145 39 – 5 –

$5,000 to $9,999 371 ................... 330 24 – 1 15 948 859 68 3 14 4

$10,000 to $14,999 607 ................. 450 103 16 13 25 1 155 875 242 – 27 10

$15,000 to $19,999 757 ................. 575 126 11 25 20 1 146 683 411 4 40 8

$20,000 to $24,999 780 ................. 627 128 2 11 11 1 076 572 457 4 30 13

$25,000 to $29,999 683 ................. 534 125 – 13 12 811 351 419 3 26 12

$30,000 to $34,999 660 ................. 521 102 10 23 3 712 288 376 – 40 8

$35,000 to $39,999 578 ................. 437 104 – 15 23 574 239 306 – 28 1

$40,000 to $44,999 495 ................. 377 90 5 13 9 531 226 252 – 48 5

$45,000 to $49,999 352 ................. 274 53 5 18 3 337 141 164 – 28 4

$50,000 to $54,999 311 ................. 238 53 – 12 8 369 154 177 2 24 11

$55,000 to $59,999 268 ................. 212 37 – 2 16 242 88 129 – 23 3

$60,000 to $64,999 232 ................. 180 41 – 10 – 206 89 92 – 25 –

$65,000 to $69,999 247 ................. 168 46 – 28 4 171 67 77 – 25 2

$70,000 to $74,999 161 ................. 121 31 – 9 – 129 41 56 1 28 4

$75,000 to $79,999 166 ................. 119 32 – 15 – 132 45 66 – 20 1

$80,000 to $84,999 119 ................. 87 25 – 3 4 116 41 62 – 13 –

$85,000 to $89,999 104 ................. 71 26 – 5 2 106 43 49 – 13 –

$90,000 to $94,999 93 ................. 69 14 – 10 – 98 37 41 – 20 –

$95,000 to $99,999 91 ................. 54 24 – 10 3 74 26 40 – 8 –

$100,000 and over 828 .................. 582 174 – 58 14 624 174 332 3 99 15

75 Years Old and Over

Total 5 829 ............................ 4 541 832 – 361 96 8 970 5 879 2 067 4 941 80

Less than $5,000 103 ................... 92 10 – 1 1 257 215 33 – 9 –

$5,000 to $9,999 339 ................... 314 24 – 1 – 1 414 1 323 55 – 32 3

$10,000 to $14,999 606 ................. 499 82 – 16 9 1 683 1 487 158 – 32 5

$15,000 to $19,999 801 ................. 675 111 – 7 7 1 208 845 308 – 39 16

$20,000 to $24,999 831 ................. 658 135 – 23 15 965 589 297 – 69 9

$25,000 to $29,999 618 ................. 499 86 – 23 10 692 367 254 4 60 7

$30,000 to $34,999 429 ................. 316 82 – 27 5 487 249 175 – 50 13

$35,000 to $39,999 401 ................. 308 65 – 19 9 386 154 180 – 49 2

$40,000 to $44,999 293 ................. 206 51 – 32 3 295 142 101 – 49 3

$45,000 to $49,999 183 ................. 133 20 – 29 – 226 94 73 – 59 –

$50,000 to $54,999 176 ................. 130 25 – 14 8 199 66 77 – 49 7

$55,000 to $59,999 129 ................. 93 15 – 17 4 145 76 43 – 27 –

$60,000 to $64,999 118 ................. 91 11 – 16 – 147 36 48 – 63 –

$65,000 to $69,999 53 ................. 37 4 – 12 – 70 41 12 – 15 2

$70,000 to $74,999 70 ................. 33 15 – 19 3 72 25 18 – 28 2

$75,000 to $79,999 78 ................. 57 17 – 3 – 77 26 31 – 17 3

$80,000 to $84,999 63 ................. 51 4 – 8 – 73 24 24 – 25 –

$85,000 to $89,999 61 ................. 42 6 – 13 – 81 20 24 – 36 –

$90,000 to $94,999 48 ................. 36 6 – 7 – 67 11 32 – 25 –

$95,000 to $99,999 38 ................. 22 6 – 5 3 34 9 10 – 12 2

$100,000 and over 390 .................. 249 55 – 68 17 392 79 112 – 195 6

WHITE

Total 110 962 ............................ 50 861 13 214 36 487 4 839 5 561 114 578 36 809 35 576 32 570 4 926 4 697

Less than $5,000 1 765 ................... 864 138 632 85 48 2 187 1 152 344 552 77 61

$5,000 to $9,999 2 744 ................... 1 510 156 861 127 90 4 928 3 330 434 901 141 122

$10,000 to $14,999 4 471 ................. 2 248 428 1 390 181 224 6 369 3 852 966 1 143 191 217

$15,000 to $19,999 5 680 ................. 2 867 632 1 655 235 291 6 957 3 265 1 617 1 538 266 271

$20,000 to $24,999 6 294 ................. 3 153 676 1 899 274 292 6 794 2 869 1 841 1 500 299 284

$25,000 to $29,999 6 371 ................. 3 170 696 1 810 311 385 6 753 2 510 1 932 1 665 326 319

$30,000 to $34,999 6 618 ................. 3 121 698 2 097 352 352 6 690 2 271 1 962 1 824 319 314

$35,000 to $39,999 6 406 ................. 3 065 696 2 038 290 317 6 313 1 958 2 067 1 734 288 267

$40,000 to $44,999 6 098 ................. 2 898 684 1 877 288 351 6 259 1 803 2 019 1 837 308 292

$45,000 to $49,999 5 966 ................. 2 649 700 1 930 330 357 5 864 1 626 1 885 1 730 321 301

$50,000 to $54,999 5 910 ................. 2 666 700 1 994 239 310 5 615 1 436 1 983 1 648 272 275

$55,000 to $59,999 5 118 ................. 2 305 599 1 701 205 308 4 930 1 169 1 755 1 552 189 265

$60,000 to $64,999 5 135 ................. 2 350 649 1 691 209 236 5 180 1 221 1 800 1 683 254 222

$65,000 to $69,999 4 442 ................. 1 905 648 1 486 185 218 4 308 1 072 1 505 1 344 192 195

$70,000 to $74,999 4 094 ................. 1 747 498 1 438 203 208 3 941 860 1 442 1 299 183 157

$75,000 to $79,999 3 985 ................. 1 707 532 1 455 105 186 3 775 820 1 417 1 212 169 158

$80,000 to $84,999 3 424 ................. 1 547 452 1 072 185 168 3 271 682 1 277 1 054 141 116

$85,000 to $89,999 2 826 ................. 1 224 383 961 111 147 2 853 587 1 011 1 021 124 109

$90,000 to $94,999 2 569 ................. 1 042 325 973 117 113 2 327 472 881 783 107 85

$95,000 to $99,999 2 361 ................. 984 275 913 84 106 2 139 397 851 762 65 65

$100,000 and over 18 683 .................. 7 840 2 651 6 615 722 855 17 125 3 458 6 586 5 788 694 600

See footnotes at end of table.

12 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. People in Households by Total Household Income in 1999, Relationship to

Householder, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic OriginmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People in households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

Male Female

Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative Total

House~

holder

Spouse

of house~

holder

Child of

house~

holder

Other

relative

of house~

holder

Non~

relative

BLACK

Total 16 329 ............................ 5 302 1 424 6 871 1 762 969 18 992 7 547 2 720 6 141 1 800 786

Less than $5,000 739 ................... 192 18 464 45 21 1 091 613 32 358 64 24

$5,000 to $9,999 1 127 ................... 351 33 572 123 49 1 962 1 212 52 517 152 29

$10,000 to $14,999 1 221 ................. 384 53 583 141 60 1 793 915 123 565 153 37

$15,000 to $19,999 1 208 ................. 377 58 547 146 79 1 739 752 171 600 147 69

$20,000 to $24,999 1 157 ................. 391 90 455 144 77 1 338 588 154 387 125 83

$25,000 to $29,999 1 222 ................. 414 102 509 142 56 1 489 579 173 548 143 46

$30,000 to $34,999 943 ................. 314 78 378 104 68 1 090 448 138 340 128 36

$35,000 to $39,999 1 072 ................. 362 72 474 105 58 1 093 375 187 349 130 53

$40,000 to $44,999 979 ................. 332 93 364 127 62 977 323 174 313 90 77

$45,000 to $49,999 723 ................. 267 74 288 54 41 827 228 157 290 101 51

$50,000 to $54,999 771 ................. 254 96 252 127 42 745 257 132 270 59 27

$55,000 to $59,999 690 ................. 212 78 257 70 73 658 207 126 206 65 53

$60,000 to $64,999 724 ................. 195 107 301 90 32 686 202 142 238 75 28

$65,000 to $69,999 528 ................. 174 55 203 55 40 454 115 134 128 45 32

$70,000 to $74,999 296 ................. 113 29 104 37 13 316 74 83 101 43 15

$75,000 to $79,999 415 ................. 131 60 169 46 9 359 110 87 108 30 24

$80,000 to $84,999 279 ................. 126 27 73 23 31 354 65 97 128 50 15

$85,000 to $89,999 263 ................. 81 25 121 25 11 218 53 64 67 22 12

$90,000 to $94,999 266 ................. 95 28 112 19 12 274 61 78 107 21 7

$95,000 to $99,999 222 ................. 58 46 75 24 19 225 61 38 92 27 7

$100,000 and over 1 482 .................. 481 201 571 115 115 1 304 308 378 428 128 62

HISPANIC ORIGIN1

Total 16 320 ............................ 5 187 1 579 6 530 2 031 993 16 182 4 132 3 554 5 997 1 770 728

Less than $5,000 453 ................... 113 30 236 54 20 616 252 50 235 59 20

$5,000 to $9,999 674 ................... 211 57 324 63 18 1 073 530 101 367 57 18

$10,000 to $14,999 1 221 ................. 442 117 516 93 53 1 330 458 219 486 110 57

$15,000 to $19,999 1 414 ................. 459 164 629 111 51 1 582 455 310 618 137 64

$20,000 to $24,999 1 429 ................. 509 117 608 119 77 1 417 339 349 530 125 74

$25,000 to $29,999 1 351 ................. 436 140 547 128 100 1 329 334 290 500 128 77

$30,000 to $34,999 1 394 ................. 429 121 579 171 94 1 296 272 290 528 133 73

$35,000 to $39,999 1 099 ................. 349 114 439 134 63 987 230 242 366 112 37

$40,000 to $44,999 1 009 ................. 306 92 390 135 86 905 191 216 361 86 51

$45,000 to $49,999 964 ................. 281 92 340 166 84 864 196 196 306 118 48

$50,000 to $54,999 726 ................. 245 70 270 101 40 682 136 191 229 99 28

$55,000 to $59,999 532 ................. 166 51 194 101 20 551 98 127 204 104 18

$60,000 to $64,999 601 ................. 195 68 216 89 33 584 118 150 220 77 19

$65,000 to $69,999 496 ................. 157 51 171 80 37 419 79 120 142 62 16

$70,000 to $74,999 476 ................. 135 46 176 76 43 399 84 94 139 49 32 $75,000 to $79,999 358 ................. 114 42 149 30 23 315 56 96 107 41 14 $80,000 to $84,999 377 ................. 117 29 137 77 16 290 44 90 104 48 4 $85,000 to $89,999 214 ................. 67 16 72 45 13 207 25 54 69 45 14 $90,000 to $94,999 240 ................. 71 23 95 34 17 222 37 57 74 35 20 $95,000 to $99,999 217 ................. 72 21 86 28 10 168 23 63 66 12 4 $100,000 and over 1 076 .................. 313 117 355 195 95 948 175 250 347 134 42

NON~HISPANIC WHITE

Total 95 418 ............................ 45 919 11 693 30 272 2 894 4 640 99 195 32 900 32 173 26 873 3 233 4 016 Less than $5,000 1 352 ................... 757 109 420 39 28 1 628 924 296 338 26 44 $5,000 to $9,999 2 098 ................... 1 310 102 550 64 72 3 900 2 823 337 546 89 104 $10,000 to $14,999 3 311 ................. 1 833 311 905 91 170 5 112 3 417 762 682 88 162 $15,000 to $19,999 4 327 ................. 2 425 468 1 055 139 241 5 466 2 838 1 319 955 142 213 $20,000 to $24,999 4 927 ................. 2 657 561 1 326 161 222 5 420 2 550 1 496 985 177 212 $25,000 to $29,999 5 090 ................. 2 754 561 1 293 188 294 5 486 2 191 1 656 1 193 198 249 $30,000 to $34,999 5 273 ................. 2 708 581 1 537 189 259 5 443 2 009 1 681 1 314 190 249 $35,000 to $39,999 5 339 ................. 2 726 585 1 613 160 255 5 355 1 737 1 832 1 375 182 230 $40,000 to $44,999 5 129 ................. 2 603 596 1 500 156 275 5 393 1 625 1 810 1 492 222 244 $45,000 to $49,999 5 048 ................. 2 378 617 1 610 167 277 5 057 1 445 1 697 1 451 206 258

$50,000 to $54,999 5 230 ................. 2 443 631 1 731 143 282 4 964 1 307 1 800 1 432 173 253 $55,000 to $59,999 4 619 ................. 2 147 552 1 519 109 292 4 409 1 078 1 633 1 359 91 249 $60,000 to $64,999 4 555 ................. 2 165 585 1 482 120 204 4 625 1 107 1 656 1 477 181 203 $65,000 to $69,999 3 970 ................. 1 759 599 1 321 106 185 3 913 994 1 394 1 213 132 180 $70,000 to $74,999 3 633 ................. 1 619 452 1 265 127 170 3 557 778 1 351 1 164 133 130 $75,000 to $79,999 3 641 ................. 1 600 490 1 311 75 165 3 476 766 1 327 1 108 130 145 $80,000 to $84,999 3 069 ................. 1 434 426 945 111 152 2 997 641 1 191 957 95 112 $85,000 to $89,999 2 615 ................. 1 157 367 891 66 134 2 650 562 958 954 79 96 $90,000 to $94,999 2 350 ................. 981 304 883 87 96 2 125 437 832 716 75 64

$95,000 to $99,999 2 165 ................. 919 257 832 61 96 1 985 376 795 700 53 61

$100,000 and over 17 678 .................. 7 544 2 542 6 283 536 772 16 234 3 296 6 347 5 460 572 558

1Hispanics may be of any race.

Income 13

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997

[Families as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1998~1999)

ALL RACES

All families 72 031 ....................... 48 950 300 71 551 46 737 241 70 884 44 568 267 *2.5

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 57 423 ................ 51 573 290 56 993 49 407 308 56 350 47 315 280 *2.1 1 million or more 37 893 ...................... 54 768 480 37 793 51 935 338 37 417 50 311 330 *3.2 Inside central cities 12 200 ................. 42 583 663 12 425 39 965 774 12 386 38 049 673 *4.2 Outside central cities 25 693 ............... 60 691 394 25 368 58 104 524 25 030 55 809 443 *2.2 Under 1 million 19 530 ....................... 46 341 479 19 200 44 768 513 18 934 42 917 459 1.3 Inside central cities 7 323 ................. 41 602 931 7 188 41 099 641 7 206 39 276 758 1.0 Outside central cities 12 208 ............... 48 967 677 12 012 46 929 547 11 728 44 993 518 2.1 Outside metropolitan areas 14 607 .............. 40 499 518 14 558 38 326 582 14 534 36 149 447 *3.4

Region

Northeast 13 439 .............................. 52 390 620 13 384 50 567 536 13 338 48 328 791 1.4

Midwest 16 850 ............................... 51 767 431 16 875 49 552 543 16 594 46 734 501 *2.2

South 26 192 ................................. 44 979 470 25 894 42 711 474 25 682 41 001 372 *3.0

West 15 550 .................................. 48 918 745 15 398 46 819 496 15 270 45 590 537 2.2

Type of Family

Married~couple families 55 315 .................. 56 676 302 54 778 54 180 321 54 321 51 591 231 *2.3

Wife in paid labor force 34 265 ................ 66 529 351 33 680 63 751 379 33 535 60 669 291 *2.1

Wife not in paid labor force 21 050 ............. 38 626 422 21 098 37 161 369 20 786 36 027 305 *1.7

Male householder, no wife present 4 028 ........ 37 396 823 3 977 35 681 850 3 911 32 960 839 2.5

Female householder, no husband present 12 687 .. 23 732 369 12 796 22 163 325 12 652 21 023 308 *4.8

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 60 443 ......................... 52 564 305 60 053 50 259 239 59 614 47 825 315 *2.3 15 to 24 years 3 353 ........................ 24 031 841 3 242 21 918 576 3 018 20 820 521 *7.3 25 to 34 years 13 009 ........................ 43 309 637 13 226 41 074 466 13 639 39 979 483 *3.2 35 to 44 years 18 708 ........................ 54 933 514 18 823 51 883 463 18 872 50 424 369 *3.6 45 to 54 years 15 804 ........................ 65 303 629 15 127 61 833 586 14 695 59 959 570 *3.3 55 to 64 years 9 569 ........................ 54 249 681 9 635 52 577 665 9 391 50 241 614 1.0 65 years and over 11 588 ...................... 33 148 413 11 498 31 568 394 11 270 30 660 386 *2.7 65 to 74 years 7 025 ........................ 36 300 528 7 051 34 719 594 6 989 33 372 495 2.3 75 years and over 4 562 .................... 28 638 479 4 447 27 717 454 4 282 26 611 463 1.1

Size of Family

Two people 31 455 ............................ 41 697 322 31 102 39 721 364 30 287 37 562 344 *2.7

Three people 16 076 ........................... 50 639 506 16 227 48 933 547 16 231 46 783 463 1.2 Four people 14 496 ............................ 59 981 597 14 390 56 061 607 14 633 53 350 612 *4.7 Five people 6 526 ............................ 54 895 950 6 573 54 357 893 6 555 51 101 640 –1.2 Six people 2 228 ............................. 51 730 1 549 2 135 48 816 1 643 2 047 45 473 1 406 3.7 Seven people or more 1 249 ................... 52 060 2 033 1 124 45 254 1 773 1 130 42 001 1 838 *12.6

Number of Earners

No earners 9 321 ............................. 21 789 312 9 692 20 689 297 9 835 19 731 274 *3.0

One earner 21 333 ............................ 32 383 314 21 221 31 483 273 20 494 30 204 287 0.6

Two earners or more 41 377 .................... 64 289 352 40 638 61 675 282 40 555 58 972 375 *2.0

Two earners 32 235 ......................... 60 802 295 31 787 58 397 366 31 752 55 443 309 *1.9

Three earners 6 766 ........................ 74 899 780 6 642 70 339 838 6 638 68 028 781 *4.2

Four earners or more 2 376 .................. 91 186 1 755 2 209 88 031 1 851 2 165 85 978 1 503 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

14 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[Families as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1998~1999)

WHITE

All families 60 256 ....................... 51 224 258 60 077 49 023 283 59 515 46 754 259 *2.2

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 47 079 ................ 54 615 398 46 962 52 103 302 46 429 50 410 274 *2.6 1 million or more 30 234 ...................... 58 868 567 30 374 55 930 418 30 060 53 572 462 *3.0 Inside central cities 7 945 ................. 49 436 850 8 120 46 290 815 8 147 43 444 990 *4.5 Outside central cities 22 288 ............... 61 839 425 22 253 59 387 531 21 913 57 063 496 *1.9 Under 1 million 16 845 ....................... 48 403 581 16 588 46 640 488 16 369 44 819 491 1.5 Inside central cities 5 704 ................. 45 519 902 5 683 44 059 857 5 717 42 206 872 1.1 Outside central cities 11 141 ............... 50 039 660 10 906 47 866 563 10 651 45 728 508 2.3 Outside metropolitan areas 13 177 .............. 41 741 529 13 115 39 610 591 13 086 37 305 483 *3.1

Region

Northeast 11 391 .............................. 55 577 788 11 374 53 591 762 11 390 51 354 584 1.5

Midwest 14 833 ............................... 53 792 643 15 022 51 159 393 14 771 48 614 549 *2.9

South 20 825 ................................. 48 430 588 20 540 46 239 477 20 358 43 915 494 *2.5

West 13 207 .................................. 48 702 776 13 140 46 686 519 12 996 46 006 607 2.1

Type of Family

Married~couple families 48 794 .................. 57 089 321 48 461 54 736 335 48 070 52 098 247 *2.0

Wife in paid labor force 29 852 ................ 67 208 379 29 378 64 480 402 29 344 61 441 309 *2.0

Wife not in paid labor force 18 942 ............. 39 023 437 19 083 37 755 416 18 726 36 343 319 1.1

Male householder, no wife present 3 082 ........ 39 240 1 174 3 087 37 798 1 099 3 137 34 802 950 1.6

Female householder, no husband present 8 380 .. 26 529 450 8 529 25 175 414 8 308 22 999 465 3.1

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 49 957 ......................... 55 686 322 49 846 52 550 297 49 443 50 701 237 *3.7 15 to 24 years 2 470 ........................ 26 426 530 2 504 24 283 637 2 270 22 431 809 *6.5 25 to 34 years 10 378 ........................ 46 558 570 10 522 43 970 674 10 965 41 890 410 *3.6 35 to 44 years 15 571 ........................ 57 117 519 15 619 54 682 584 15 603 52 753 549 *2.2 45 to 54 years 13 302 ........................ 68 280 867 12 845 64 119 634 12 455 61 852 467 *4.2 55 to 64 years 8 238 ........................ 55 804 962 8 356 54 476 771 8 149 51 598 550 0.2 65 years and over 10 299 ...................... 33 795 433 10 231 32 398 429 10 072 31 167 408 2.1 65 to 74 years 6 171 ........................ 37 033 556 6 249 35 784 622 6 222 34 179 523 1.3 75 years and over 4 128 .................... 29 031 492 3 982 28 205 474 3 850 26 758 483 0.7

Size of Family

Two people 27 209 ............................ 43 469 408 27 051 41 358 337 26 380 39 492 385 *2.8

Three people 12 922 ........................... 53 650 692 13 235 51 331 432 13 312 50 149 523 *2.3 Four people 12 183 ............................ 62 177 570 11 952 58 834 702 12 078 56 022 583 *3.4 Five people 5 340 ............................ 57 635 1 078 5 392 56 560 822 5 366 53 696 1 166 –0.3 Six people 1 689 ............................. 53 434 1 901 1 655 52 421 1 732 1 598 48 079 1 679 –0.3 Seven people or more 913 ................... 54 236 1 806 792 51 196 2 509 782 45 816 2 539 3.6

Number of Earners

No earners 7 912 ............................. 23 813 339 8 152 22 672 310 8 367 21 516 293 *2.8

One earner 16 894 ............................ 35 696 325 16 991 34 466 438 16 239 32 811 424 1.3

Two earners or more 35 450 .................... 65 425 341 34 934 62 695 356 34 910 60 291 281 *2.1

Two earners 27 653 ......................... 61 878 324 27 410 59 480 383 27 467 56 624 335 *1.8

Three earners 5 756 ........................ 75 073 836 5 678 71 374 951 5 618 69 239 850 *2.9

Four earners or more 2 041 .................. 91 667 1 868 1 846 91 307 1 627 1 824 87 747 1 532 –1.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 15

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[Families as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1998~1999)

BLACK

All families 8 664 ....................... 31 778 603 8 452 29 404 713 8 408 28 602 629 *5.7

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 7 589 ................ 32 925 862 7 314 30 159 687 7 242 29 737 667 *6.8 1 million or more 5 514 ...................... 34 174 1 048 5 335 31 125 745 5 298 30 485 641 *7.4 Inside central cities 3 268 ................. 29 342 1 116 3 414 26 265 926 3 350 26 210 994 *9.3 Outside central cities 2 246 ............... 45 089 1 665 1 921 41 571 1 774 1 949 38 703 1 639 6.1 Under 1 million 2 075 ....................... 30 003 1 321 1 979 27 436 1 068 1 944 27 150 1 091 7.0 Inside central cities 1 279 ................. 28 207 1 272 1 210 26 229 1 248 1 208 25 503 2 185 5.2 Outside central cities 796 ............... 35 752 2 218 769 29 677 2 007 736 30 982 2 082 *17.9 Outside metropolitan areas 1 075 .............. 25 616 1 446 1 138 25 981 1 361 1 166 24 619 1 448 –3.5

Region

Northeast 1 544 .............................. 31 728 763 1 553 27 167 1 347 1 501 29 217 1 562 *14.3

Midwest 1 634 ............................... 31 885 1 543 1 494 27 409 1 610 1 468 28 129 1 355 *13.8

South 4 782 ................................. 30 976 1 023 4 723 29 512 863 4 721 27 734 814 2.7

West 704 .................................. 39 278 2 534 682 37 036 3 051 717 33 604 1 898 3.8

Type of Family

Married~couple families 4 144 .................. 50 656 1 011 3 979 47 383 1 165 3 921 45 372 755 *4.6

Wife in paid labor force 2 936 ................ 59 111 1 302 2 852 55 579 984 2 716 51 702 748 *4.1

Wife not in paid labor force 1 208 ............. 29 629 1 316 1 127 27 927 1 056 1 205 28 757 1 499 3.8

Male householder, no wife present 706 ........ 33 796 1 653 660 27 087 1 178 562 25 654 1 212 *22.1

Female householder, no husband present 3 814 .. 18 244 465 3 813 16 770 418 3 926 16 879 438 *6.4

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 7 692 ......................... 33 027 985 7 489 30 946 598 7 492 29 343 669 4.4 15 to 24 years 709 ........................ 12 590 1 257 587 11 212 847 630 13 556 1 468 9.9 25 to 34 years 1 960 ........................ 26 091 831 2 040 25 165 1 258 2 054 24 620 1 073 1.4 35 to 44 years 2 326 ........................ 37 309 1 284 2 323 32 839 1 609 2 352 28 148 897 *11.2 45 to 54 years 1 759 ........................ 44 433 1 495 1 642 45 785 2 139 1 594 41 903 1 817 –5.0 55 to 64 years 938 ........................ 39 435 1 763 898 34 749 1 792 862 36 415 2 133 *11.0 65 years and over 972 ...................... 25 992 1 205 962 22 102 1 081 916 23 420 1 490 *15.1 65 to 74 years 623 ........................ 27 938 1 958 605 22 419 1 539 607 23 767 2 039 *21.9 75 years and over 349 .................... 23 823 1 348 357 21 589 1 607 309 22 919 2 872 8.0

Size of Family

Two people 3 287 ............................ 27 374 874 3 175 25 698 632 3 022 25 061 931 4.2

Three people 2 408 ........................... 30 855 1 492 2 212 27 604 1 141 2 184 26 060 1 230 *9.4 Four people 1 581 ............................ 38 721 1 775 1 693 35 918 1 303 1 789 34 644 1 531 5.5 Five people 823 ............................ 39 172 1 900 833 36 455 2 032 866 36 984 2 717 5.1 Six people 351 ............................. 40 725 3 835 318 31 754 3 264 317 31 197 1 128 *25.5 Seven people or more 213 ................... 32 389 5 321 221 30 475 3 544 230 32 544 3 490 4.0

Number of Earners

No earners 1 144 ............................. 10 326 696 1 271 9 422 446 1 202 9 012 468 7.2

One earner 3 437 ............................ 20 913 541 3 348 20 524 441 3 396 19 597 486 –0.3

Two earners or more 4 083 .................... 54 347 1 148 3 833 51 737 748 3 809 48 750 945 2.8

Two earners 3 240 ......................... 50 439 1 068 3 008 48 018 1 319 2 973 45 780 715 2.8

Three earners 670 ........................ 68 169 4 573 613 58 438 2 417 676 57 701 1 835 *14.1

Four earners or more 173 .................. 77 274 6 631 211 74 299 4 764 160 75 641 5 576 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.

16 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[Families as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1998~1999)

HISPANIC ORIGIN1

All families 7 561 ....................... 31 663 490 7 273 29 608 568 6 961 28 142 655 *4.6

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 6 918 ................ 32 206 591 6 677 30 129 561 6 307 28 708 694 *4.6 1 million or more 5 077 ...................... 34 232 901 4 933 31 195 569 4 686 30 115 679 *7.4 Inside central cities 2 465 ................. 30 284 1 014 2 481 26 750 660 2 394 24 567 853 *10.8 Outside central cities 2 612 ............... 38 070 1 246 2 452 36 410 888 2 292 36 718 1 051 2.3 Under 1 million 1 841 ....................... 27 715 988 1 744 26 177 822 1 621 25 244 1 085 3.6 Inside central cities 1 038 ................. 27 148 1 198 966 25 057 1 492 943 25 490 1 672 6.0 Outside central cities 803 ............... 28 579 1 700 778 27 431 1 713 679 25 008 1 401 1.9 Outside metropolitan areas 643 .............. 25 995 1 610 596 25 120 1 714 654 24 130 2 144 1.2

Region

Northeast 1 127 .............................. 28 978 1 684 1 149 28 951 1 378 1 128 25 784 1 376 –2.1

Midwest 588 ............................... 40 606 2 019 525 34 088 1 688 542 31 580 2 918 *16.5

South 2 620 ................................. 31 449 810 2 538 28 866 1 037 2 341 28 617 1 034 *6.6

West 3 226 .................................. 31 310 745 3 061 29 471 904 2 950 28 014 1 046 3.9

Type of Family

Married~couple families 5 133 .................. 37 132 735 4 945 34 816 745 4 804 33 914 902 *4.3

Wife in paid labor force 2 848 ................ 47 652 1 080 2 726 45 188 980 2 650 42 280 893 3.2

Wife not in paid labor force 2 285 ............. 26 256 857 2 219 24 939 716 2 153 23 749 724 3.0

Male householder, no wife present 658 ........ 30 425 1 687 600 29 227 1 357 545 25 543 1 780 1.8

Female householder, no husband present 1 769 .. 18 701 781 1 728 16 532 710 1 612 14 994 703 *10.7

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 6 938 ......................... 32 355 605 6 683 30 363 542 6 414 28 770 698 *4.3 15 to 24 years 671 ........................ 22 525 1 507 659 19 738 1 106 626 17 900 1 079 *11.7 25 to 34 years 2 068 ........................ 29 296 1 278 2 008 27 587 831 1 944 26 291 756 3.9 35 to 44 years 2 187 ........................ 34 420 1 100 2 128 32 299 1 050 2 002 31 431 959 4.3 45 to 54 years 1 288 ........................ 42 593 1 899 1 194 39 277 1 876 1 166 34 592 1 983 6.1 55 to 64 years 724 ........................ 35 342 2 755 693 33 872 1 732 676 33 628 2 200 2.1 65 years and over 623 ...................... 23 634 1 164 591 21 935 1 353 547 22 677 1 482 5.4 65 to 74 years 421 ........................ 25 119 1 683 409 24 115 2 264 372 23 988 1 917 1.9 75 years and over 202 .................... 21 385 1 089 181 20 420 1 888 174 20 419 2 108 2.5

Size of Family

Two people 1 874 ............................ 24 709 865 1 889 24 671 1 042 1 748 23 593 1 228 –2.0

Three people 1 736 ........................... 29 463 1 296 1 686 27 854 977 1 669 26 210 1 110 3.5 Four people 1 808 ............................ 35 705 1 251 1 715 32 230 1 193 1 678 31 462 1 175 *8.4 Five people 1 171 ............................ 35 844 1 578 1 192 32 960 1 674 1 108 31 175 1 142 6.4 Six people 524 ............................. 34 384 2 198 479 32 604 1 940 445 30 233 2 199 3.2 Seven people or more 448 ................... 45 055 2 407 312 39 160 3 468 313 35 508 3 190 *12.6

Number of Earners

No earners 711 ............................. 10 863 771 772 9 574 616 815 8 870 554 11.0

One earner 2 629 ............................ 20 840 497 2 566 20 548 517 2 434 19 662 637 –0.8

Two earners or more 4 221 .................... 45 958 735 3 936 42 679 847 3 712 41 153 629 *5.4

Two earners 2 998 ......................... 40 249 822 2 903 38 007 985 2 761 37 425 900 3.6

Three earners 822 ........................ 53 054 2 094 733 49 408 2 167 669 47 549 1 635 5.1

Four earners or more 401 .................. 72 998 3 981 300 74 857 4 305 282 59 456 2 564 –4.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 17

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 4. Median Income of Families by Selected Characteristics, Race, and Hispanic Origin of

Householder: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[Families as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income (1998~1999)

NON~HISPANIC WHITE

All families 53 071 ....................... 54 121 355 53 107 51 607 260 52 875 49 636 323 *2.6

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 40 511 ................ 58 835 451 40 574 56 142 345 40 417 53 628 366 *2.5 1 million or more 25 442 ...................... 63 755 598 25 684 60 895 429 25 621 58 479 590 *2.4 Inside central cities 5 650 ................. 59 342 1 150 5 792 56 075 910 5 922 53 155 1 023 *3.5 Outside central cities 19 792 ............... 65 265 591 19 892 62 074 478 19 700 60 160 506 *2.9 Under 1 million 15 069 ....................... 51 017 532 14 890 48 850 492 14 796 46 913 458 *2.2 Inside central cities 4 706 ................. 49 752 1 136 4 744 47 916 939 4 806 46 570 939 1.6 Outside central cities 10 362 ............... 51 491 609 10 147 49 230 571 9 990 47 045 539 *2.3 Outside metropolitan areas 12 561 .............. 42 586 693 12 533 40 439 548 12 458 38 120 589 *3.0

Region

Northeast 10 426 .............................. 58 512 763 10 366 56 522 772 10 427 53 755 752 1.3

Midwest 14 279 ............................... 54 483 637 14 517 51 596 396 14 255 49 336 557 *3.3

South 18 309 ................................. 51 146 479 18 077 48 922 489 18 083 46 237 453 *2.3

West 10 057 .................................. 55 446 814 10 147 52 190 740 10 110 52 229 687 *3.9

Type of Family

Married~couple families 43 870 .................. 59 697 378 43 669 56 965 309 43 427 54 270 329 *2.5

Wife in paid labor force 27 147 ................ 69 525 486 26 753 66 389 400 (NA) (NA) (NA) *2.5

Wife not in paid labor force 16 723 ............. 41 046 407 16 916 39 947 413 (NA) (NA) (NA) 0.5

Male householder, no wife present 2 469 ........ 41 656 964 2 530 40 931 823 2 622 36 914 1 003 –0.4

Female householder, no husband present 6 733 .. 28 627 621 6 909 26 929 425 6 826 25 188 463 *4.0

Age of Householder

Under 65 years 43 372 ......................... 59 483 385 43 449 56 064 304 43 334 53 590 342 *3.8 15 to 24 years 1 844 ........................ 27 208 690 1 884 26 078 719 1 679 25 777 922 2.1 25 to 34 years 8 425 ........................ 50 966 489 8 615 48 133 653 9 108 45 488 561 *3.6 35 to 44 years 13 480 ........................ 60 916 512 13 578 57 942 554 13 710 56 036 464 *2.9 45 to 54 years 12 078 ........................ 71 138 670 11 695 66 388 683 11 340 64 713 728 *4.8 55 to 64 years 7 545 ........................ 57 879 951 7 677 56 272 835 7 497 52 807 675 0.6 65 years and over 9 700 ...................... 34 417 441 9 658 33 095 471 9 542 31 616 416 1.7 65 to 74 years 5 769 ........................ 37 859 678 5 850 36 592 630 5 863 34 721 531 1.2 75 years and over 3 930 .................... 29 417 498 3 808 28 612 475 3 678 26 995 483 0.6

Size of Family

Two people 25 444 ............................ 44 905 422 25 262 42 685 451 24 748 40 621 324 *2.9

Three people 11 286 ........................... 57 340 672 11 626 54 373 655 11 720 52 893 584 *3.2 Four people 10 463 ............................ 66 404 656 10 292 62 434 660 10 465 60 268 557 *4.1 Five people 4 215 ............................ 64 957 1 245 4 256 62 392 1 022 4 295 60 230 1 187 1.9 Six people 1 184 ............................. 64 109 2 287 1 183 60 253 1 753 1 169 56 169 1 927 4.1 Seven people or more 480 ................... 61 098 3 211 488 59 985 2 909 478 55 117 2 425 –0.3

Number of Earners

No earners 7 252 ............................. 25 061 351 7 425 23 911 309 7 612 22 749 329 *2.5

One earner 14 401 ............................ 39 039 542 14 525 37 553 427 13 926 35 801 353 1.7

Two earners or more 31 418 .................... 68 043 455 31 157 65 328 367 31 337 62 205 288 *1.9

Two earners 24 795 ......................... 64 455 441 24 630 61 798 362 24 818 58 998 468 *2.0

Three earners 4 966 ........................ 79 170 1 078 4 964 75 248 1 142 4 969 72 555 1 047 *2.9

Four earners or more 1 657 .................. 95 570 1 692 1 563 93 786 1 605 1 551 91 451 1 499 –0.3

1Hispanics may be of any race.

18 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5. Selected Characteristics of FamiliesmTotal Money Income of Families in 1999

[Numbers in thousands. Families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Median income Mean income

Total

Less

than $5,000

$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $34,999$35,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999$75,000to $99,999$100,000 and

over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

All families 72 031 .............. 1 740 2 404 3 485 8 678 8 550 11 861 15 236 9 120 10 956 48 950 300 62 636 363

TYPE OF RESIDENCE

Inside metropolitan areas 57 423 ....... 1 293 1 838 2 557 6 436 6 507 9 108 12 027 7 769 9 888 51 573 290 66 121 427 Inside central cities 19 522 .......... 697 1 023 1 244 2 684 2 490 3 064 3 661 2 086 2 573 42 255 511 56 990 708 1 million or more 12 200 .......... 484 623 807 1 652 1 457 1 921 2 254 1 297 1 705 42 583 664 58 389 943 Under 1 million 7 323 ............ 213 401 437 1 032 1 033 1 143 1 407 789 868 41 602 931 54 660 1 042 Outside central cities 37 901 ......... 596 815 1 314 3 752 4 017 6 043 8 366 5 683 7 314 56 480 393 70 824 532 1 million or more 25 693 .......... 388 497 820 2 286 2 491 3 824 5 638 4 072 5 676 60 691 394 75 789 693 Under 1 million 12 208 ............ 207 318 493 1 466 1 526 2 219 2 728 1 611 1 639 48 967 677 60 374 753 Outside metropolitan areas 14 607 ..... 447 565 928 2 242 2 044 2 754 3 209 1 350 1 069 40 499 518 48 938 717

REGION

Northeast 13 439 .................... 333 457 626 1 507 1 461 2 003 2 713 1 787 2 551 52 390 620 69 864 956

Midwest 16 850 ...................... 325 509 664 1 775 1 813 2 936 4 052 2 234 2 543 51 767 432 63 598 704

South 26 192 ........................ 735 958 1 463 3 424 3 401 4 412 5 251 3 206 3 342 44 979 470 57 803 557

West 15 550 ......................... 348 480 732 1 972 1 875 2 510 3 221 1 893 2 520 48 918 746 63 488 829

RACE AND HISPANIC

ORIGIN OF

HOUSEHOLDER

White 60 256 ........................ 1 083 1 554 2 514 6 970 7 090 10 046 13 303 8 037 9 658 51 224 258 65 215 408 Non~Hispanic White 53 071 .......... 789 1 146 1 887 5 547 5 932 8 837 12 150 7 517 9 266 54 121 355 68 363 446 Black 8 664 ........................ 543 721 793 1 383 1 176 1 326 1 369 701 653 31 778 603 42 793 728 Hispanic origin1 ............... 7 561 323 434 674 1 489 1 202 1 263 1 206 555 416 31 663 490 41 890 835

TYPE OF FAMILY

All primary families 72 031 ............ 1 740 2 404 3 485 8 678 8 550 11 861 15 236 9 120 10 956 48 950 300 62 636 363

Married~couple families 55 315 ....... 589 739 1 693 5 471 5 963 9 214 13 034 8 277 10 336 56 676 302 70 880 440

Male householder, no wife

present 4 028 ................... 131 185 286 581 653 762 776 341 314 37 396 824 48 877 1 159

Female householder, no

husband present 12 687 ........... 1 021 1 480 1 507 2 625 1 935 1 885 1 426 502 306 23 732 369 31 061 446

Unrelated subfamilies 571 .......... 110 77 83 158 69 48 18 1 6 15 716 825 18 444 1 052

AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER

Under 65 years 60 443 ............... 1 585 2 068 2 647 6 041 6 361 9 726 13 621 8 358 10 035 52 564 305 65 775 410

15 to 24 years 3 353 .............. 327 386 343 670 603 500 339 112 73 24 031 841 29 939 765

25 to 34 years 13 009 .............. 453 582 751 1 683 1 666 2 290 3 036 1 336 1 212 43 309 637 52 562 707

35 to 44 years 18 708 .............. 367 502 620 1 805 1 960 3 079 4 506 2 811 3 057 54 933 514 66 996 732

45 to 54 years 15 804 .............. 212 318 501 993 1 188 2 268 3 699 2 810 3 815 65 303 629 79 897 893

55 to 64 years 9 569 .............. 226 279 431 891 944 1 589 2 042 1 290 1 877 54 249 681 70 582 1 116

65 years and over 11 588 ............. 155 336 838 2 636 2 189 2 135 1 615 761 921 33 148 414 46 266 673

65 to 74 years 7 025 .............. 104 201 461 1 334 1 257 1 368 1 127 510 662 36 300 528 50 110 947

75 years and over 4 562 ........... 50 135 377 1 302 932 767 488 251 260 28 638 480 40 347 877

Mean age of householder 47.2 ...... 40.2 42.4 48.0 50.1 48.7 47.4 45.7 46.6 48.0 (X) (X) (X) (X)

PRESENCE OF RELATED

CHILDREN UNDER 18

YEARS OLD

No related children 34 754 ............ 537 752 1 567 4 340 4 322 5 857 7 321 4 447 5 611 50 006 390 64 365 518

One or more related children 37 277 .... 1 203 1 652 1 918 4 338 4 228 6 005 7 915 4 673 5 345 47 949 420 61 025 508

All under 6 years 8 805 .......... 380 488 520 1 087 1 017 1 364 1 821 981 1 147 44 945 970 57 035 962

Some under 6, some 6 to 17

years 7 846 ................... 282 387 459 1 001 983 1 375 1 623 811 924 42 942 827 57 375 1 179

All 6 to 17 years 20 626 ........... 540 777 938 2 250 2 228 3 266 4 471 2 881 3 274 51 339 460 64 116 687

One child 15 483 ................... 510 760 835 1 838 1 744 2 412 3 325 1 907 2 152 47 692 588 59 236 718

Under 6 years 5 568 ............. 228 329 357 738 632 803 1 170 609 702 43 999 1 545 55 744 1 198

6 to 17 years 9 915 .............. 283 430 478 1 100 1 112 1 609 2 155 1 298 1 451 49 473 722 61 197 895

Two children or more 21 794 ........ 693 893 1 083 2 500 2 484 3 593 4 590 2 766 3 193 48 159 584 62 295 704

All under 6 years 3 237 .......... 153 159 164 349 385 561 651 372 445 45 776 1 220 59 254 1 612

Some under 6, some 6 to 17

years 7 846 ................... 282 387 459 1 001 983 1 375 1 623 811 924 42 942 827 57 375 1 179

All 6 to 17 years 10 711 ........... 258 347 460 1 150 1 116 1 658 2 316 1 583 1 823 53 071 838 66 818 1 030

Mean number of related

children 0.98 ..................... 1.34 1.31 1.09 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.93 0.91 (X) (X) (X) (X)

SIZE OF FAMILY

Two people 31 455 ................... 868 1 204 1 928 4 752 4 329 5 309 6 020 3 145 3 900 41 697 322 55 919 505 Three people 16 076 ................. 393 640 722 1 822 1 757 2 583 3 557 2 157 2 445 50 639 506 62 839 761 Four people 14 496 ................... 301 309 440 1 149 1 306 2 335 3 424 2 447 2 787 59 981 597 72 767 867 Five people 6 526 ................... 124 141 242 603 731 1 057 1 488 930 1 210 54 895 950 69 025 1 272 Six people 2 228 .................... 27 80 105 217 264 382 449 291 412 51 730 1 549 70 459 2 629 Seven people or more 1 249 ......... 27 29 48 135 164 195 297 150 202 52 060 2 033 64 279 2 809

Mean size of family 3.17 ............ 2.95 2.94 2.93 2.91 3.05 3.15 3.26 3.36 3.40 (X) (X) (X) (X)

NUMBER OF EARNERS

No earners 9 321 ................... 907 942 1 143 2 381 1 523 1 177 708 278 263 21 789 313 28 891 467 One earner 21 333 ................... 705 1 211 1 841 4 165 3 437 3 645 3 103 1 452 1 774 32 383 314 46 799 604 Two earners or more 41 377 ........... 128 251 501 2 132 3 591 7 039 11 425 7 390 8 919 64 289 353 78 404 507

Two earners 32 235 ................ 118 222 461 1 949 3 157 5 925 9 031 5 229 6 143 60 802 296 74 711 578

Three earners 6 766 ............... 7 28 33 154 376 936 1 858 1 576 1 799 74 899 780 87 467 1 171

Four earners or more 2 376 ........ 3 2 8 29 58 177 537 585 977 91 186 1 755 102 696 2 064

Mean number of earners 1.65 ....... 0.56 0.74 0.85 1.02 1.33 1.64 1.94 2.15 2.22 (X) (X) (X) (X)

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 19

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 5. Selected Characteristics of FamiliesmTotal Money Income of Families in 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Median income Mean income

Total

Less

than $5,000

$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $34,999$35,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999$75,000to $99,999$100,000 and

over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

WORK EXPERIENCE OF

HOUSEHOLDER

Total 72 031 ................... 1 740 2 404 3 485 8 678 8 550 11 861 15 236 9 120 10 956 48 950 300 62 636 363

Worked 54 379 ...................... 692 1 240 1 835 4 998 5 727 9 019 12 949 8 065 9 853 56 288 305 69 751 439

Worked at full~time jobs 47 401 ...... 403 767 1 411 4 080 4 802 7 916 11 625 7 375 9 021 58 502 379 71 606 461

50 weeks or more 40 573 ......... 148 260 883 3 067 3 919 6 881 10 443 6 715 8 258 61 396 277 74 862 501

27 to 49 weeks 4 360 ............ 49 191 301 624 553 673 866 525 577 44 492 1 201 59 566 1 547

26 weeks or less 2 468 .......... 207 317 226 388 330 361 317 136 186 27 722 989 39 359 1 304

Worked at part~time jobs 6 978 ..... 289 472 424 919 925 1 103 1 324 690 832 41 029 799 57 147 1 346

50 weeks or more 3 603 ......... 45 184 211 500 408 624 750 408 475 45 883 938 61 257 1 709

27 to 49 weeks 1 555 ............ 49 110 101 195 243 215 318 127 196 39 905 2 013 57 756 3 275

26 weeks or less 1 820 .......... 195 178 113 223 275 264 256 155 162 32 821 1 090 48 491 2 686

Did not work 17 652 .................. 1 048 1 164 1 650 3 679 2 823 2 843 2 287 1 054 1 103 29 082 358 40 719 535

EDUCATIONAL

ATTAINMENT2

Total 68 678 ................... 1 413 2 018 3 142 8 008 7 947 11 361 14 897 9 008 10 883 50 571 249 64 232 376

Less than 9th grade 4 385 ........... 196 361 646 1 132 801 593 447 115 94 23 668 461 30 176 672

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 5 989 .. 338 460 613 1 335 1 066 1 015 823 212 127 27 050 480 33 182 630

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 21 702 ................. 477 706 1 060 2 997 3 106 4 356 5 076 2 345 1 580 42 995 418 50 892 444

Some college, no degree 12 747 ....... 186 283 423 1 395 1 458 2 469 3 083 1 806 1 644 50 967 510 61 419 760

Associate degree 5 560 .............. 76 90 178 473 601 946 1 492 887 819 56 602 903 64 482 1 107

Bachelor’s degree or more 18 295 ...... 141 118 222 676 916 1 983 3 976 3 643 6 620 81 140 537 100 267 999

Bachelor’s degree 11 743 ........... 93 74 168 500 696 1 429 2 742 2 416 3 625 76 059 507 91 075 1 100

Master’s degree 4 395 ............. 29 25 45 142 144 418 962 888 1 742 85 632 1 439 104 403 2 090

Professional degree 1 174 ......... 7 11 6 22 42 86 119 169 713 100 000 32 357 147 894 5 726

Doctorate degree 982 ............ 12 7 3 13 34 51 154 169 539 100 000 39 142 134 713 5 254

1Hispanics may be of any race.

2Restricted to people 25 years and over.

20 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1999 of

Married~Couple Families by Work Experience in 1999 of Husband and Wife

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No related

children Total

All under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

ALL MARRIED~COUPLE FAMILIES

Total......................................... 55 315 28 942 26 373 6 340 5 875 14 157 9 900 3 746 6 154 16 473 2 594 5 875 8 003 0.93

Less than $5,000 ................................ 589 364 225 61 55 109 84 34 50 140 26 55 59 0.82

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 739 465 274 82 57 135 103 35 68 171 47 57 67 0.78

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 1 693 1 122 571 156 141 274 216 85 131 355 71 141 143 0.73

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 2 573 1 628 945 247 273 425 310 161 150 635 87 273 275 0.80

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 2 898 1 814 1 084 310 338 436 370 174 196 714 136 338 240 0.79

$25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 2 970 1 771 1 199 335 310 554 410 195 215 788 140 310 339 0.86

$30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 2 993 1 626 1 366 351 393 622 451 188 262 916 163 393 360 0.97

$35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 3 188 1 615 1 573 427 420 726 559 245 314 1 014 182 420 412 0.99

$40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 3 114 1 666 1 448 306 378 763 492 150 342 956 156 378 422 0.93

$45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 2 912 1 383 1 529 389 362 778 565 218 347 964 171 362 431 1.00

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 3 013 1 519 1 494 373 351 771 549 226 323 945 147 351 447 0.97

$55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 2 674 1 256 1 418 343 336 739 548 222 326 870 121 336 414 1.02

$60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 2 804 1 290 1 514 371 297 846 623 214 408 891 157 297 438 1.01

$65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 2 395 1 131 1 264 267 286 712 501 181 320 763 86 286 392 0.99

$70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 2 146 1 017 1 129 296 237 596 436 187 249 693 109 237 347 0.96

$75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 2 161 1 024 1 137 280 218 639 420 162 258 717 118 218 380 0.98

$80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 1 940 970 971 238 145 588 410 153 256 561 84 145 332 0.88

$85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 1 552 732 820 160 142 518 329 99 230 491 61 142 288 0.98

$90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 1 364 657 707 130 141 436 273 78 195 434 52 141 241 0.99

$95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 1 260 611 649 109 115 425 249 65 185 400 45 115 241 0.93

$100,000 and over .............................. 10 336 5 282 5 054 1 107 883 3 065 2 001 671 1 329 3 054 435 883 1 736 0.92

Median income dollars .......................... .. 56 676 53 180 60 168 56 837 52 794 64 311 62 031 58 390 64 209 58 515 53 532 52 794 64 403 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 302 463 379 843 851 614 527 1 155 850 612 1 688 851 850 (X)

Mean income dollars ........................... .. 70 880 68 252 73 765 69 799 68 083 77 899 74 560 70 560 76 994 73 287 68 698 68 083 78 595 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 440 595 650 1 216 1 466 891 969 1 600 1 214 863 1 870 1 466 1 270 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 21 883 29 447 17 356 18 801 13 431 18 767 21 621 21 638 21 611 15 488 15 740 13 431 17 074 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 157 316 183 410 339 266 360 622 447 217 535 339 336 (X)

HUSBAND WORKED

Total......................................... 44 255 19 266 24 988 6 111 5 664 13 213 9 230 3 604 5 627 15 758 2 507 5 664 7 587 1.10

Less than $5,000 ................................ 204 95 109 28 32 50 44 19 25 65 9 32 25 1.18

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 303 113 190 70 46 75 64 27 37 126 43 46 38 1.40

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 695 256 439 140 114 185 153 76 77 286 64 114 108 1.38

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 1 225 446 779 230 247 302 249 145 104 531 85 247 198 1.41

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 1 565 587 978 305 318 355 314 168 145 665 136 318 210 1.35

$25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 1 882 791 1 090 324 297 469 352 187 165 739 137 297 304 1.26

$30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 2 055 778 1 278 341 369 567 409 180 229 869 161 369 339 1.32

$35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 2 320 878 1 443 402 403 638 473 227 246 970 175 403 391 1.27

$40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 2 442 1 066 1 376 293 376 707 456 145 311 920 148 376 396 1.14

$45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 2 489 1 014 1 475 382 357 736 551 216 334 924 165 357 402 1.13

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 2 566 1 116 1 450 362 346 742 530 221 309 919 141 346 432 1.11

$55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 2 361 986 1 375 331 328 716 525 218 307 850 113 328 409 1.13

$60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 2 518 1 058 1 461 364 284 812 594 211 383 867 153 284 430 1.08

$65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 2 204 964 1 240 256 284 700 484 173 311 756 84 284 389 1.06

$70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 1 983 884 1 098 287 233 579 419 177 241 680 109 233 338 1.01

$75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 1 951 837 1 114 268 214 632 408 157 252 705 111 214 380 1.06

$80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 1 784 846 938 229 138 572 391 146 245 547 82 138 327 0.93

$85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 1 449 646 802 160 141 502 324 99 225 479 61 141 276 1.03

$90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 1 286 583 703 130 141 432 269 78 191 434 52 141 241 1.05

$95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 1 176 534 641 109 115 418 249 65 185 392 45 115 233 0.99

$100,000 and over .............................. 9 797 4 788 5 008 1 100 883 3 026 1 972 668 1 305 3 036 432 883 1 721 0.96

Median income dollars .......................... .. 63 815 67 295 61 515 57 619 53 830 66 502 64 009 59 273 66 943 60 080 54 395 53 830 66 169 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 374 535 350 888 896 511 724 1 123 817 532 1 937 896 681 (X)

Mean income dollars ........................... .. 78 864 82 798 75 831 70 883 69 502 80 832 77 223 71 765 80 718 75 016 69 614 69 502 80 917 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 519 804 677 1 250 1 511 936 1 019 1 648 1 292 892 1 914 1 511 1 319 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 23 004 34 864 17 883 19 178 13 766 19 499 22 510 22 136 22 729 15 911 16 009 13 766 17 644 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 180 438 192 424 352 282 384 646 484 226 551 352 353 (X)

Income 21

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1999 of

Married~Couple Families by Work Experience in 1999 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No related

children Total

All under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND WORKEDmCon.

Wife Worked

Total......................................... 33 432 14 665 18 767 4 425 3 756 10 586 7 421 2 775 4 646 11 346 1 650 3 756 5 940 1.05

Less than $5,000 ................................ 78 39 39 9 8 22 18 9 9 21 – 8 13 0.97

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 100 25 75 26 12 37 30 10 20 45 16 12 17 1.51

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 268 115 153 54 32 67 65 32 34 88 22 32 33 1.22

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 534 205 329 103 86 141 112 66 46 218 37 86 95 1.27

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 779 269 510 135 153 222 173 83 90 337 52 153 132 1.41

$25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 1 135 459 676 214 170 293 231 133 97 446 80 170 196 1.25

$30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 1 288 459 829 232 210 386 257 119 137 572 113 210 249 1.35

$35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 1 574 571 1 003 276 247 480 325 161 164 678 115 247 316 1.29

$40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 1 747 766 981 206 242 533 342 105 237 639 101 242 296 1.08

$45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 1 920 726 1 194 299 283 611 469 187 282 725 113 283 329 1.17

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 1 973 849 1 123 273 237 614 453 183 270 671 89 237 344 1.09

$55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 1 946 825 1 121 281 243 597 449 195 254 672 85 243 343 1.10

$60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 2 067 851 1 216 285 224 708 517 164 353 700 121 224 355 1.07

$65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 1 790 774 1 016 192 206 618 415 138 277 602 54 206 342 1.05

$70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 1 665 767 898 236 189 473 359 152 208 539 85 189 265 0.95

$75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 1 595 678 917 221 149 547 361 132 229 556 88 149 318 1.03

$80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 1 522 720 802 183 117 501 341 124 217 461 59 117 285 0.91

$85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 1 252 567 684 138 122 424 291 89 202 393 48 122 222 0.99

$90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 1 071 481 590 98 112 379 230 59 170 360 39 112 208 1.01

$95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 1 039 471 568 95 93 380 231 55 175 337 40 93 204 0.96

$100,000 and over .............................. 8 090 4 048 4 041 868 621 2 552 1 753 579 1 175 2 288 290 621 1 378 0.89

Median income dollars .......................... .. 68 450 72 246 65 528 61 666 58 991 69 633 67 841 63 010 71 257 63 889 59 979 58 991 68 287 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 439 558 408 794 1 031 760 866 1 262 1 204 640 1 336 1 031 1 040 (X)

Mean income dollars ........................... .. 82 919 87 738 79 153 75 290 73 596 82 740 81 399 76 497 84 327 77 684 73 260 73 596 81 498 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 579 918 738 1 467 1 799 961 1 087 1 852 1 335 992 2 400 1 799 1 357 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 24 521 36 809 19 021 20 812 14 941 20 094 23 791 23 891 23 738 16 723 16 971 14 941 17 874 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 212 516 223 523 442 305 430 761 526 265 706 442 380 (X)

Wife Full~Time, Year~Round

Worker

Total......................................... 19 848 9 698 10 151 2 112 1 847 6 191 4 479 1 457 3 022 5 671 655 1 847 3 169 0.91

Less than $5,000 ................................ 33 24 9 4 2 3 7 4 3 2 – 2 – (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 19 7 13 2 – 10 8 2 6 4 – – 4 (B)

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 67 40 28 5 8 15 10 4 6 17 1 8 9 (B)

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 140 67 73 12 18 43 17 10 7 56 2 18 36 1.19

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 279 125 154 32 44 78 58 22 37 96 11 44 41 1.18

$25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 436 188 248 62 66 120 85 41 43 164 20 66 77 1.20

$30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 587 224 363 70 93 199 106 27 79 257 43 93 120 1.29

$35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 783 338 445 104 107 234 172 73 99 273 31 107 135 1.14

$40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 917 403 514 86 106 323 188 40 148 326 45 106 175 1.05

$45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 1 106 463 642 152 138 353 293 103 190 349 49 138 163 1.02

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 1 127 515 612 151 104 357 289 109 181 323 43 104 176 0.97

$55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 1 146 572 574 134 116 324 251 96 155 322 39 116 168 0.91

$60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 1 279 594 685 136 119 429 305 85 220 380 51 119 209 0.96

$65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 1 108 531 577 96 111 369 241 66 175 336 31 111 194 0.93

$70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 1 091 572 520 137 93 290 252 105 147 268 32 93 143 0.78

$75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 1 037 486 551 129 91 331 248 95 153 303 34 91 178 0.92

$80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 1 000 512 488 120 73 295 237 90 147 251 30 73 148 0.81

$85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 834 402 431 82 76 273 225 64 160 206 18 76 113 0.86

$90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 740 352 388 59 83 246 157 37 120 231 22 83 126 0.95

$95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 706 346 360 47 48 264 175 37 139 185 11 48 125 0.84

$100,000 and over .............................. 5 413 2 937 2 476 490 352 1 634 1 154 347 807 1 322 143 352 827 0.79

Median income dollars .......................... .. 73 924 76 688 71 198 70 274 65 108 73 983 74 030 71 887 75 407 68 470 64 027 65 108 72 296 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 581 669 652 1 532 1 356 1 122 1 110 1 282 1 197 1 168 2 526 1 356 1 467 (X)

Mean income dollars ........................... .. 87 482 91 272 83 861 82 489 77 757 86 151 85 888 84 225 86 689 82 260 78 626 77 757 85 637 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 726 1 088 964 2 145 2 106 1 250 1 366 2 758 1 525 1 347 3 185 2 106 1 962 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 26 777 38 255 20 410 22 891 15 933 21 266 24 974 25 948 24 542 17 737 17 873 15 933 18 839 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 293 639 311 798 576 415 561 1 128 642 376 1 027 576 552 (X)

22 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1999 of

Married~Couple Families by Work Experience in 1999 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No related

children Total

All under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND WORKEDmCon.

Wife Did Not Work

Total......................................... 10 823 4 601 6 221 1 686 1 908 2 627 1 809 829 980 4 412 857 1 908 1 647 1.26

Less than $5,000 ................................ 126 55 70 19 24 27 26 10 16 44 9 24 12 1.32

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 203 88 115 43 34 38 34 17 17 81 26 34 21 1.34

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 427 141 286 86 82 118 88 44 44 198 42 82 74 1.48

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 691 241 450 127 162 161 137 79 58 313 48 162 103 1.51

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 787 318 468 169 166 133 140 85 55 328 84 166 78 1.29

$25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 746 332 414 111 128 176 121 54 67 293 57 128 109 1.27

$30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 768 319 449 109 159 181 152 61 91 296 48 159 90 1.25

$35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 746 306 440 126 156 158 149 66 83 291 60 156 75 1.25

$40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 695 300 395 87 134 174 114 40 74 281 47 134 100 1.27

$45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 569 288 281 82 74 125 81 30 52 199 53 74 73 1.00

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 593 267 326 90 109 128 78 38 40 249 52 109 89 1.20

$55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 415 161 254 51 85 119 76 23 53 178 27 85 66 1.27

$60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 451 207 244 80 60 105 77 48 30 167 32 60 75 1.16

$65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 414 190 224 64 78 82 69 35 34 154 29 78 47 1.12

$70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 318 118 200 51 44 106 59 26 33 141 25 44 72 1.33

$75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 356 159 197 47 65 85 47 24 23 150 23 65 62 1.21

$80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 262 126 136 45 21 70 50 22 28 86 23 21 42 1.02

$85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 197 79 118 22 19 77 32 9 23 86 13 19 54 1.28

$90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 215 102 113 32 28 53 39 19 20 74 13 28 33 1.25

$95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 136 63 73 14 21 38 18 9 9 55 5 21 29 1.23

$100,000 and over .............................. 1 707 740 967 232 262 473 219 89 130 748 143 262 343 1.28

Median income dollars .......................... .. 46 707 48 479 45 315 41 930 41 203 50 632 41 829 39 569 43 610 46 541 45 726 41 203 55 047 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 598 868 930 1 857 880 1 394 1 227 2 273 1 847 955 2 804 880 2 235 (X)

Mean income dollars ........................... .. 66 339 67 054 65 809 59 318 61 444 73 147 60 089 55 925 63 610 68 155 62 599 61 444 78 823 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 1 123 1 618 1 544 2 335 2 730 2 665 2 587 3 466 3 760 1 898 3 132 2 730 3 599 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 18 570 28 568 14 695 15 203 11 612 17 178 17 324 16 562 17 937 13 930 14 196 11 612 16 836 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 364 851 393 714 583 716 865 1 201 1 226 443 871 583 880 (X)

HUSBAND FULL~TIME, YEAR~ ROUND WORKER

Total......................................... 36 990 14 970 22 020 5 369 4 930 11 721 8 079 3 128 4 952 13 941 2 242 4 930 6 769 1.16

Less than $5,000 ................................ 130 60 69 21 20 29 30 13 17 39 8 20 12 1.13 $5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 88 36 52 15 9 28 24 6 18 28 8 9 11 1.06 $10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 394 131 263 74 77 112 95 44 51 168 30 77 61 1.46 $15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 739 226 513 160 160 194 161 94 67 352 66 160 126 1.51 $20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 1 074 304 770 252 254 265 244 137 107 527 116 254 158 1.54 $25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 1 333 494 839 253 231 356 266 145 121 573 108 231 234 1.37 $30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 1 571 491 1 079 302 308 470 342 157 185 737 145 308 285 1.45 $35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 1 798 578 1 220 350 344 526 381 199 182 839 151 344 344 1.39 $40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 2 005 785 1 220 273 330 618 400 130 269 821 142 330 349 1.23 $45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 2 050 751 1 299 328 317 654 463 173 290 837 155 317 364 1.22

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 2 182 874 1 308 333 304 671 473 199 274 834 134 304 397 1.18 $55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 2 022 750 1 272 309 309 654 480 196 284 792 113 309 370 1.23 $60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 2 216 872 1 344 338 257 749 546 196 350 798 142 257 400 1.13 $65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 1 981 813 1 168 240 265 663 458 161 297 710 78 265 366 1.11 $70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 1 725 721 1 004 269 210 525 377 164 213 627 105 210 312 1.06 $75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 1 751 710 1 042 240 207 595 372 132 239 670 108 207 355 1.11 $80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 1 577 712 865 215 130 519 353 139 214 512 77 130 305 0.97 $85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 1 331 568 762 152 137 473 303 98 205 460 54 137 269 1.07 $90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 1 132 493 639 120 129 390 239 68 171 400 52 129 219 1.10 $95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 1 040 455 586 102 100 384 239 61 178 347 41 100 206 1.01 $100,000 and over .............................. 8 851 4 146 4 705 1 024 834 2 847 1 833 614 1 219 2 871 410 834 1 628 1.00

Median income dollars .......................... .. 66 983 71 946 63 956 60 216 56 486 68 807 66 249 61 654 69 266 62 318 57 849 56 486 68 400 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 319 557 483 810 696 758 623 989 1 061 535 1 545 696 1 052 (X) Mean income dollars ........................... .. 82 537 88 029 78 804 73 395 73 114 83 676 80 013 74 264 83 645 78 103 72 181 73 114 83 699 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 579 931 736 1 330 1 689 1 013 1 103 1 777 1 401 971 2 001 1 689 1 423 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 23 658 36 569 18 656 19 928 14 594 20 204 23 340 23 047 23 508 16 669 16 686 14 594 18 322 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 200 512 212 460 398 308 421 710 528 250 590 398 385 (X)

Income 23

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1999 of

Married~Couple Families by Work Experience in 1999 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No related

children Total

All under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND FULL~TIME, YEAR~ ROUND WORKERmCon.

Wife Worked

Total......................................... 28 494 11 918 16 576 3 914 3 256 9 406 6 553 2 449 4 104 10 023 1 465 3 256 5 302 1.08

Less than $5,000 ................................ 57 32 25 6 3 16 15 6 9 10 – 3 7 (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 36 16 20 4 – 16 15 4 11 5 – – 5 (B)

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 132 51 81 19 22 40 31 12 20 49 8 22 20 1.39

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 288 104 184 70 44 69 69 43 26 115 27 44 44 1.19

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 512 143 369 102 117 149 119 62 58 249 40 117 91 1.56

$25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 775 291 485 157 121 207 160 98 62 324 59 121 145 1.32

$30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 952 287 666 201 163 301 207 104 103 458 97 163 198 1.46

$35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 1 227 401 826 236 198 393 258 139 119 568 97 198 274 1.35

$40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 1 441 590 851 189 208 454 291 93 198 560 95 208 257 1.14

$45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 1 588 537 1 050 259 249 542 401 155 246 650 104 249 297 1.25

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 1 676 671 1 005 243 206 556 400 161 239 605 82 206 317 1.14

$55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 1 693 663 1 030 260 228 542 410 175 235 620 85 228 306 1.16

$60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 1 830 709 1 120 264 201 656 479 154 325 641 110 201 331 1.11

$65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 1 611 656 955 181 188 586 396 132 265 558 49 188 322 1.09

$70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 1 451 637 814 221 168 424 320 140 180 494 81 168 245 0.99

$75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 1 443 585 859 198 147 514 330 113 217 529 85 147 297 1.07

$80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 1 366 626 740 173 112 456 312 119 193 429 54 112 263 0.94

$85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 1 157 510 646 130 118 398 270 89 182 376 41 118 217 1.02

$90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 960 418 542 93 100 349 210 54 156 332 39 100 193 1.05

$95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 923 407 516 88 82 346 220 52 169 295 36 82 177 0.97

$100,000 and over .............................. 7 374 3 582 3 792 819 581 2 392 1 638 544 1 093 2 155 275 581 1 299 0.92

Median income dollars .......................... .. 71 266 76 314 67 455 63 895 61 472 71 798 70 319 65 556 73 667 66 113 61 540 61 472 70 674 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 374 636 519 967 911 749 850 1 131 1 425 532 1 213 911 957 (X)

Mean income dollars ........................... .. 86 107 91 896 81 945 78 041 77 056 85 261 84 086 79 314 86 932 80 545 75 912 77 056 83 968 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 635 1 025 802 1 584 2 015 1 035 1 173 2 016 1 431 1 082 2 557 2 015 1 463 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 25 146 38 053 19 746 21 617 15 725 20 720 24 577 24 856 24 428 17 410 17 609 15 725 18 473 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 233 581 245 571 499 332 469 836 570 291 762 499 413 (X)

Wife Full~Time, Year~Round

Worker

Total......................................... 17 450 8 332 9 118 1 884 1 656 5 579 4 022 1 296 2 726 5 096 588 1 656 2 852 0.93

Less than $5,000 ................................ 29 21 7 4 – 3 7 4 3 – – – – (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 13 6 7 2 – 5 3 2 1 4 – – 4 (B)

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 41 27 14 1 3 10 7 1 6 7 – 3 3 (B)

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 63 32 31 5 11 15 10 5 5 21 – 11 10 (B)

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 190 80 111 21 34 56 40 15 25 71 6 34 31 1.27 $25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 314 120 194 41 53 100 57 28 30 137 14 53 70 1.37 $30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 427 144 283 51 76 156 82 18 64 201 32 76 93 1.38 $35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 615 258 356 78 84 194 126 54 72 230 24 84 122 1.18 $40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 765 331 434 73 96 266 150 31 119 284 42 96 146 1.08 $45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 941 364 577 130 128 319 254 83 171 323 47 128 148 1.10

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 975 432 544 129 91 323 258 94 164 285 36 91 159 0.98 $55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 1 007 478 530 129 109 292 236 91 145 293 39 109 146 0.96 $60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 1 132 506 626 127 107 392 281 79 203 345 48 107 189 1.00 $65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 1 005 460 545 96 100 349 232 66 166 314 31 100 183 0.97 $70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 946 477 469 132 81 256 225 101 124 244 31 81 132 0.81 $75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 956 445 510 116 88 307 224 81 143 286 34 88 164 0.94 $80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 916 469 448 112 70 265 215 88 128 232 24 70 138 0.82 $85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 775 366 409 78 75 256 208 64 144 200 14 75 111 0.88 $90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 663 309 354 55 71 228 144 33 111 209 22 71 117 0.98 $95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 652 314 338 42 46 250 171 33 138 168 9 46 113 0.85 $100,000 and over .............................. 5 023 2 691 2 332 462 332 1 538 1 091 326 765 1 241 136 332 774 0.80

Median income dollars .......................... .. 76 185 79 788 72 773 71 826 66 190 75 678 75 834 73 614 76 804 70 574 66 041 66 190 74 513 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 451 816 835 1 156 1 029 695 962 1 551 1 216 988 2 855 1 029 1 500 (X) Mean income dollars ........................... .. 89 818 93 992 86 004 84 957 79 760 88 211 88 068 86 858 88 643 84 375 80 768 79 760 87 799 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 769 1 136 1 040 2 323 2 267 1 347 1 466 3 003 1 624 1 456 3 389 2 267 2 128 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 27 260 39 097 20 932 23 618 16 306 21 784 25 614 26 873 25 067 18 193 18 352 16 306 19 341 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 313 685 337 868 620 448 606 1 237 688 407 1 102 620 599 (X)

24 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1999 of

Married~Couple Families by Work Experience in 1999 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No related

children Total

All under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND FULL~TIME, YEAR~ ROUND WORKERmCon.

Wife Did Not Work

Total......................................... 8 496 3 052 5 444 1 456 1 674 2 314 1 526 679 847 3 918 777 1 674 1 467 1.40

Less than $5,000 ................................ 73 28 44 15 16 13 15 7 8 29 8 16 5 (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 52 20 32 10 9 13 9 2 7 23 8 9 6 (B)

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 262 80 183 55 55 72 64 33 31 119 22 55 41 1.49

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 451 122 329 90 115 124 92 51 42 237 39 115 83 1.71

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 563 161 402 150 136 116 124 75 49 277 75 136 66 1.52

$25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 557 203 355 96 110 149 106 47 59 249 49 110 90 1.45

$30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 618 205 414 100 144 169 135 53 82 279 47 14 87 1.42

$35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 571 177 394 114 147 133 123 60 63 271 54 147 70 1.49

$40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 563 194 369 84 122 163 108 37 71 261 47 122 92 1.45

$45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 463 213 249 69 68 111 62 18 44 187 51 68 67 1.12

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 505 203 303 90 98 115 73 38 35 230 52 98 80 1.31

$55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 329 88 242 48 81 112 70 21 49 172 27 81 63 1.53

$60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 386 162 224 74 56 93 67 42 25 157 32 56 69 1.24

$65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 370 157 213 59 77 77 62 30 32 151 29 77 44 1.21

$70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 274 84 190 48 42 100 57 24 33 133 24 42 67 1.45

$75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 308 125 183 42 60 81 42 19 23 141 23 60 58 1.31

$80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 211 86 124 43 19 63 41 20 21 84 23 19 42 1.16

$85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 174 58 116 22 19 75 32 9 23 84 13 19 52 1.42

$90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 171 75 96 27 28 41 29 14 15 67 13 28 26 1.39

$95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 118 48 70 14 18 38 18 9 9 52 5 18 29 1.35

$100,000 and over .............................. 1 477 565 912 206 252 455 196 70 126 716 135 252 329 1.41

Median income dollars .......................... .. 50 561 52 661 48 595 45 969 43 914 53 346 44 013 41 041 45 825 50 429 48 705 43 914 58 470 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 515 1 074 1 417 2 560 1 696 1 907 1 843 2 369 1 707 953 1 879 1 696 2 228 (X)

Mean income dollars ........................... .. 70 565 72 925 69 242 60 903 65 448 77 231 62 525 56 049 67 715 71 857 65 146 65 448 82 726 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 1 330 2 154 1 688 2 371 3 042 2 930 2 863 3 573 4 270 2 060 3 143 3 042 3 894 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 19 045 30 684 15 560 15 701 12 531 18 173 18 083 16 804 19 044 14 858 14 963 12 531 17 788 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 417 1 121 436 750 662 793 966 1 281 1 391 490 914 662 965 (X)

HUSBAND DID NOT WORK

Total......................................... 11 060 9 676 1 384 229 211 944 670 142 528 715 87 211 417 0.23

Less than $5,000 ................................ 385 269 116 33 23 60 41 15 25 75 17 23 34 0.63 $5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 436 352 84 12 11 61 39 7 31 46 5 11 30 0.36 $10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 997 866 132 16 26 89 63 9 53 69 7 26 35 0.27 $15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 1 348 1 182 166 18 26 122 61 16 45 105 2 26 77 0.25 $20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 1 333 1 227 106 6 19 81 57 6 51 49 – 19 30 0.14 $25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 1 088 980 108 11 12 85 58 8 50 50 3 12 35 0.17 $30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 937 849 89 10 24 55 42 8 34 47 2 24 21 0.20 $35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 868 738 130 26 16 89 86 18 68 44 7 16 21 0.23 $40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 672 600 72 13 2 56 36 5 31 36 8 2 26 0.19 $45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 423 368 55 7 5 42 15 2 13 40 5 5 29 0.25

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 447 403 45 11 5 29 19 5 14 26 6 5 15 0.17 $55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 314 270 43 12 8 23 23 4 19 20 8 8 5 0.21 $60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 286 232 53 7 13 34 29 3 26 25 4 13 8 0.35 $65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 191 167 24 11 2 12 17 9 9 7 2 2 3 0.16 $70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 164 133 31 9 4 17 18 9 8 13 – 4 9 0.31 $75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 210 186 23 12 4 7 12 5 6 12 7 4 – 0.20 $80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 156 124 33 9 7 17 18 7 11 14 2 7 5 0.35 $85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 103 85 18 – 1 17 5 – 5 12 – 1 11 0.31 $90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 78 74 4 – – 4 4 – 4 – – – – 0.05 $95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 85 77 8 – – 8 – – – 8 – – 8 0.16 $100,000 and over .............................. 540 494 46 7 – 39 28 4 24 18 3 – 15 0.14

Median income dollars .......................... .. 29 720 29 795 29 091 36 966 24 224 28 611 31 537 35 352 30 883 26 517 41 155 24 224 25 480 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 388 407 1 296 3 339 3 007 1 283 2 146 3 955 2 183 2 154 4 762 3 007 2 582 (X) Mean income dollars ........................... .. 38 936 39 289 36 469 40 883 29 956 36 851 37 851 39 963 37 283 35 174 42 380 29 956 36 305 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 513 554 1 349 3 644 2 346 1 679 1 707 4 012 1 876 2 064 6 995 2 346 2 973 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 15 686 17 825 8 241 9 839 5 333 8 722 10 244 10 680 10 124 6 884 8 780 5 333 7 391 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 267 331 382 1 112 563 496 626 1 437 694 483 1 746 563 712 (X)

Income 25

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1999 of

Married~Couple Families by Work Experience in 1999 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No related

children Total

All under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND DID NOT WORKmCon.

Wife Worked

Total......................................... 3 101 2 268 834 130 139 565 372 86 286 461 44 139 278 0.50

Less than $5,000 ................................ 45 20 26 8 4 13 14 6 8 12 2 4 5 (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 82 53 29 4 5 19 8 – 7 21 4 5 12 0.66

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 189 123 66 9 19 37 20 3 16 46 6 19 21 0.73

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 239 147 91 6 16 69 29 6 23 62 – 16 46 0.83

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 293 223 70 6 10 54 35 6 29 35 – 10 25 0.41

$25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 242 174 68 8 9 50 30 6 25 37 3 9 25 0.52

$30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 285 215 70 6 21 44 30 6 25 40 – 21 19 0.56

$35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 299 203 96 18 15 63 60 14 46 36 4 15 17 0.50

$40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 219 165 54 8 2 44 26 5 21 27 2 2 23 0.43

$45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 172 128 44 6 5 33 12 2 10 32 4 5 22 0.49

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 144 113 31 8 4 20 10 3 8 20 5 4 12 0.40

$55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 127 95 32 6 3 22 22 4 18 10 2 3 5 0.36

$60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 135 90 44 4 13 27 20 1 19 25 4 13 8 0.67

$65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 78 68 10 3 1 6 8 3 6 2 – 1 1 0.14

$70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 71 51 20 7 4 9 9 7 2 11 – 4 7 (B)

$75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 93 77 17 8 3 6 11 5 5 6 3 3 – 0.30

$80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 61 40 20 7 4 10 9 4 5 11 2 4 5 (B)

$85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 52 43 8 – – 8 2 – 2 7 – – 7 (B)

$90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 34 30 4 – – 4 4 – 4 – – – – (B)

$95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 32 27 5 – – 5 – – – 5 – – 5 (B)

$100,000 and over .............................. 211 182 29 7 – 22 13 4 9 15 3 – 12 0.27

Median income dollars .......................... .. 37 683 39 335 34 711 39 626 31 533 34 082 36 335 38 740 35 806 31 868 (B) 31 533 30 803 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 726 980 1 721 3 796 3 396 2 107 932 3 278 1 346 1 957 (B) 3 396 2 612 (X)

Mean income dollars ........................... .. 47 073 49 277 41 077 48 933 33 627 41 093 41 584 46 938 39 979 40 668 (B) 33 627 42 239 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 1 072 1 299 1 813 5 426 2 676 2 248 2 148 5 423 2 250 2 780 (B) 2 676 3 927 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 16 631 21 284 9 706 12 615 6 273 10 179 12 221 13 121 11 932 8 297 (B) 6 273 8 905 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 506 777 554 1 826 742 717 933 2 150 1 020 694 (B) 742 996 (X)

Wife Full~Time, Year~Round

Worker

Total......................................... 1 766 1 225 541 92 96 354 248 74 173 294 18 96 180 0.56

Less than $5,000 ................................ 8 5 2 2 – – 2 2 – – – – – (B)

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 16 11 5 – – 5 2 – 2 3 – – 3 (B)

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 61 44 16 3 6 8 8 3 5 9 – 6 3 (B)

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 96 46 51 6 12 32 19 6 13 31 – 12 19 1.06

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 143 104 39 3 10 26 13 3 10 26 – 10 16 0.52

$25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 123 76 46 5 6 36 24 5 19 23 – 6 16 0.63

$30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 151 107 44 6 16 22 13 6 8 31 – 16 15 0.76

$35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 213 128 84 15 11 58 56 14 42 29 2 11 16 0.58

$40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 137 98 39 7 2 30 16 4 11 24 2 2 19 0.54

$45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 104 73 31 – 5 26 5 – 5 26 – 5 21 0.64

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 102 79 23 5 4 15 8 3 5 15 2 4 10 0.42

$55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 86 58 28 6 3 18 18 4 14 10 2 3 5 0.49

$60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 106 67 39 4 11 23 16 1 15 23 4 11 8 0.71

$65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 53 45 8 3 – 6 8 3 6 – – – – (B)

$70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 58 40 18 7 4 7 9 7 2 9 – 4 5 (B)

$75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 56 43 13 8 3 2 8 5 2 6 3 3 – (B)

$80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 42 28 14 4 4 6 7 4 3 7 – 4 3 (B)

$85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 42 33 8 – – 8 2 – 2 7 – – 7 (B)

$90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 14 14 1 – – 1 1 – 1 – – – – (B)

$95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 17 12 4 – – 4 – – – 4 – – 4 (B)

$100,000 and over .............................. 141 115 26 7 – 20 13 4 9 13 3 – 10 0.35

Median income dollars .......................... .. 42 163 44 585 38 792 44 412 34 465 38 810 38 374 (B) 37 611 39 370 (B) 34 465 40 309 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 1 113 1 677 1 172 8 173 2 575 1 540 1 275 (B) 1 421 2 283 (B) 2 575 2 303 (X)

Mean income dollars ........................... .. 52 911 55 166 47 808 57 457 39 414 47 567 46 786 (B) 45 270 48 669 (B) 39 414 49 776 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 1 571 2 006 2 352 6 946 3 086 2 954 2 749 (B) 2 972 3 662 (B) 3 086 5 029 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 18 062 23 461 11 283 15 112 7 362 11 750 13 439 (B) 13 178 9 985 (B) 7 362 10 733 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 720 1 173 752 2 480 966 983 1 215 (B) 1 388 963 (B) 966 1 366 (X)

26 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 6. Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years OldmTotal Money Income in 1999 of

Married~Couple Families by Work Experience in 1999 of Husband and WifemCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Married~couple families as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money income

One or more related children under 18 years old

One child Two children or more

Total

No related

children Total

All under

6 years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years Total

Under

6 years

6 to 17

years Total

All under 6

years

Some

under 6,

some 6 to 17

years

All 6 to 17

years

Mean

number

of related

children

HUSBAND DID NOT WORKmCon.

Wife Did Not Work

Total......................................... 7 959 7 408 551 99 72 380 297 56 241 253 43 72 138 0.12

Less than $5,000 ................................ 339 249 90 25 19 46 27 10 17 63 15 19 29 0.57

$5,000 to $9,999 ................................ 354 299 55 8 6 41 31 7 24 25 1 6 18 0.29

$10,000 to $14,999 .............................. 808 742 66 7 7 52 43 6 37 23 1 7 14 0.16

$15,000 to $19,999 .............................. 1 109 1 035 75 11 10 53 32 9 23 42 2 10 31 0.13

$20,000 to $24,999 .............................. 1 040 1 004 36 – 9 27 22 – 22 14 – 9 5 0.07

$25,000 to $29,999 .............................. 846 806 41 2 3 35 28 2 26 13 – 3 10 0.07

$30,000 to $34,999 .............................. 653 634 19 4 3 11 11 3 9 7 2 3 2 0.05

$35,000 to $39,999 .............................. 569 535 35 7 2 26 26 4 22 9 3 2 4 0.09

$40,000 to $44,999 .............................. 453 435 18 5 – 13 10 – 10 9 5 – 3 0.06

$45,000 to $49,999 .............................. 251 241 10 1 – 9 2 – 2 8 1 – 7 0.09

$50,000 to $54,999 .............................. 304 290 14 3 1 9 9 3 6 5 1 1 3 0.06

$55,000 to $59,999 .............................. 187 175 11 5 5 1 1 – 1 10 5 5 – 0.11

$60,000 to $64,999 .............................. 151 142 9 2 – 7 9 2 7 – – – – 0.05

$65,000 to $69,999 .............................. 114 99 14 8 1 5 9 6 3 5 2 1 2 0.17

$70,000 to $74,999 .............................. 92 82 11 2 – 9 8 2 6 2 – – 2 0.19

$75,000 to $79,999 .............................. 116 110 7 4 2 1 1 – 1 6 4 2 – 0.12

$80,000 to $84,999 .............................. 96 84 12 3 3 6 9 3 6 3 – 3 – 0.20

$85,000 to $89,999 .............................. 51 42 9 – 1 8 4 – 4 6 – 1 4 (B)

$90,000 to $94,999 .............................. 44 44 – – – – – – – – – – – (B)

$95,000 to $99,999 .............................. 53 51 2 – – 2 – – – 2 – – 2 (B)

$100,000 and over .............................. 329 312 17 – – 17 15 – 15 2 – – 2 0.06

Median income dollars .......................... .. 26 836 27 231 19 402 19 558 (B) 19 766 22 963 (B) 24 231 16 796 (B) (B) 16 109 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 373 388 1 167 9 058 (B) 1 650 2 646 (B) 2 409 1 346 (B) (B) 1 200 (X)

Mean income dollars ........................... .. 35 765 36 231 29 494 30 276 (B) 30 541 33 178 (B) 34 082 25 171 (B) (B) 24 365 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 569 594 1 907 3 965 (B) 2 424 2 692 (B) 3 086 2 627 (B) (B) 3 781 (X)

Income per family member dollars ............... .. 15 242 16 695 6 252 6 700 (B) 6 780 8 170 (B) 8 360 4 586 (B) (B) 4 640 (X)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 314 360 489 1 124 (B) 649 830 (B) 946 563 (B) (B) 827 (X)

Income 27

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 7. Median Income of People by Selected Characteristics: 1999, 1998, and 1997

[People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of

symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income

(1998~1999)

TOTAL

Male

All males 96 023 ........................ 27 275 131 94 948 26 492 128 94 168 25 212 123 0.7

Region

Northeast 18 025 .............................. 28 789 424 18 024 27 521 373 17 953 26 378 300 2.3 Midwest 22 714 ............................... 29 268 442 22 551 27 668 330 22 086 26 285 245 * 3.5 South 33 762 ................................. 25 926 220 33 002 25 297 212 32 950 23 896 271 0.3 West 21 521 .................................. 27 185 317 21 370 26 358 324 21 179 24 832 386 0.9

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 81 574 ................................. 28 564 216 80 896 27 646 206 80 400 26 115 135 1.1

Non~Hispanic White 72 027 ................... 30 594 155 71 707 29 862 211 71 150 27 559 204 2.5

Black 10 067 .................................. 20 579 308 9 776 19 321 451 9 671 18 096 477 * 4.2

Hispanic origin1......................... 10 045 18 234 335 9 617 17 257 238 9 585 16 216 243 * 3.4

Relationship to Family

Householder

In families 75 749 .............................. 28 203 246 75 182 26 985 149 74 887 25 819 143 * 2.3

Householder 43 476 ......................... 35 008 255 44 415 33 517 339 45 172 31 844 167 * 2.2

Spouse of householder 15 033 ................ 35 319 392 13 504 32 885 498 12 203 31 177 291 * 5.1

Other relative of householder 17 240 ........... 9 765 186 17 263 9 665 191 17 512 9 284 175 –1.1

In unrelated subfamilies 256 ................. 13 801 1 300 297 11 091 683 306 17 267 2 103 * 21.7

Unrelated individuals 20 018 .................... 25 296 255 19 469 25 081 271 18 975 22 820 308 –1.3

Age

Under 65 years 82 336 ......................... 29 776 229 81 447 28 355 226 80 860 26 629 129 * 2.7

15 to 24 years 14 428 ........................ 8 302 212 14 079 8 190 222 13 905 7 468 154 –0.8

25 to 34 years 17 974 ........................ 29 864 310 18 330 28 117 379 18 936 25 996 179 * 3.9

35 to 44 years 21 654 ........................ 36 217 258 21 539 35 177 287 21 456 32 851 444 0.7

45 to 54 years 17 477 ........................ 40 939 299 16 821 38 922 587 16 203 37 624 436 * 2.9

55 to 64 years 10 804 ........................ 33 648 721 10 678 32 776 627 10 361 31 157 393 0.4

65 years and over 13 686 ...................... 19 079 239 13 501 18 166 224 13 308 17 768 228 * 2.8

65 to 74 years 7 931 ........................ 21 305 342 7 902 19 734 329 7 843 19 651 311 * 5.6

75 years and over 5 755 .................... 16 779 257 5 599 16 479 289 5 465 15 407 324 –0.4

Occupation Group of Longest Job2

(Earnings)

Total with earnings3 ............... 78 460 30 104 132 77 295 28 755 233 76 694 26 843 122 * 2.4

Executive, administrators, and managerial 11 243 . 51 274 415 10 818 48 902 1 129 10 448 45 970 440 2.6

Professional specialty 9 938 ................... 50 366 309 9 793 46 981 545 9 639 44 401 871 * 4.9

Technical and related support 2 236 ............ 38 025 1 204 2 132 36 903 709 2 074 34 751 962 0.8

Sales 8 793 .................................. 31 355 350 8 788 30 332 451 8 566 27 550 660 1.1

Administrative support, including clerical 4 270 ... 24 592 705 4 236 24 450 487 4 312 23 126 626 –1.6

Precision production, craft, and repair 13 866 ..... 30 734 214 14 131 28 860 409 14 176 27 429 299 * 4.2

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors 5 082 ............................ 25 617 389 5 170 25 495 311 5 249 23 991 633 –1.7

Transportation and material moving 5 400 ....... 26 080 352 5 100 25 986 328 5 216 23 739 572 –1.8

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,

and laborers 5 110 .......................... 14 446 377 5 049 13 915 629 4 806 12 469 423 1.6

Service workers 8 671 ........................ 15 171 323 8 168 14 205 346 8 481 13 145 415 4.5

Private household 57 ..................... (B) (B) 53 (B) (B) 37 (B) (B) (X)

Service workers, except private

household 8 614 ......................... 15 243 315 8 115 14 268 349 8 444 13 207 414 4.5

Farming, forestry, and fishing 3 180 ............. 12 126 363 3 184 12 045 323 3 013 11 645 322 –1.5

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 81 595 ........... 31 613 129 80 869 30 654 121 80 263 28 919 215 * 0.9

Less than 9th grade 5 610 ..................... 13 438 306 5 641 12 571 235 5 839 12 157 163 * 4.6

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 6 900 ............ 17 707 335 7 366 17 462 313 7 601 16 818 265 –0.8

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 25 960 .......................... 27 240 190 25 636 26 542 173 25 777 25 453 171 0.4

Some college, no degree 14 266 ................ 32 724 430 13 935 31 627 259 13 892 30 536 232 1.2

Associate degree 5 878 ....................... 36 632 449 5 766 35 962 412 5 591 32 930 646 –0.3

Bachelor’s degree or more 22 981 ............... 52 240 327 22 525 50 272 330 21 563 47 126 348 * 1.7

Bachelor’s degree 14 729 .................... 47 325 551 14 614 45 749 460 13 900 41 949 347 1.2

Master’s degree 5 102 ...................... 58 933 1 394 4 772 55 784 977 4 583 52 530 1 093 3.4

Professional degree 1 736 ................... 81 934 3 204 1 695 76 362 3 120 1 741 72 274 4 086 5.0 Doctorate degree 1 414 ..................... 70 452 2 240 1 443 65 319 1 678 1 338 68 643 2 222 5.5

See footnotes at end of table.

28 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 7. Median Income of People by Selected Characteristics: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of

symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income

(1998~1999)

TOTAL

Female

All females 99 613 ....................... 15 311 98 98 694 14 430 102 97 447 13 703 108 * 3.8

Region

Northeast 19 773 .............................. 15 780 202 19 601 14 811 202 19 283 14 333 227 * 4.2 Midwest 23 470 ............................... 15 508 199 23 391 14 523 203 23 417 13 899 221 * 4.5 South 34 861 ................................. 14 734 188 34 618 13 977 186 34 154 13 036 189 * 3.1 West 21 509 .................................. 15 547 221 21 085 14 672 234 20 592 14 002 247 * 3.7

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 82 781 ................................. 15 362 108 82 063 14 617 113 81 352 13 792 116 * 2.8

Non~Hispanic White 74 496 ................... 15 922 116 74 106 15 217 127 73 709 14 389 123 * 2.4

Black 12 432 .................................. 14 771 305 12 272 13 137 283 11 961 13 048 354 * 10.0

Hispanic origin1......................... 8 749 11 314 218 8 405 10 862 219 8 055 10 260 209 1.9

Relationship to Family

Householder

In families 77 278 .............................. 14 430 136 76 896 13 599 125 75 895 12 855 132 * 3.8

Householder 26 227 ......................... 16 790 187 24 915 16 108 202 23 580 15 395 188 2.0

Spouse of householder 36 671 ................ 16 161 167 37 577 15 282 183 38 317 14 830 187 * 3.5

Other relative of householder 14 380 ........... 7 518 163 14 404 7 205 110 13 999 6 923 102 2.1

In unrelated subfamilies 650 ................. 14 482 1 186 569 11 971 1 185 631 11 476 663 18.4

Unrelated individuals 21 685 .................... 17 910 246 21 229 17 036 209 20 920 16 118 201 * 2.9

Age

Under 65 years 81 322 ......................... 16 943 110 80 501 16 096 119 79 354 15 408 112 * 3.0

15 to 24 years 13 957 ........................ 6 689 129 13 875 6 534 120 13 626 6 342 110 0.2

25 to 34 years 17 411 ........................ 19 396 279 17 773 18 257 281 18 081 17 647 235 * 3.9

35 to 44 years 21 098 ........................ 20 683 229 20 970 20 285 224 20 809 18 706 310 –0.2

45 to 54 years 17 579 ........................ 22 588 323 16 915 21 588 244 16 231 20 534 236 2.4

55 to 64 years 11 277 ........................ 15 917 319 10 968 14 675 309 10 607 14 376 332 * 6.1

65 years and over 18 291 ...................... 10 943 110 18 193 10 504 114 18 093 10 062 112 1.9

65 to 74 years 9 476 ........................ 10 964 190 9 545 10 453 185 9 571 10 141 182 2.6

75 years and over 8 815 .................... 10 928 130 8 648 10 545 141 8 522 9 996 132 1.4

Occupation Group of Longest Job2

(Earnings)

Total with earnings3 ............... 70 387 18 389 163 68 846 17 716 160 67 736 16 716 107 1.6

Executive, administrators, and managerial 9 404 . 31 912 281 9 251 30 868 250 8 852 29 301 555 1.1

Professional specialty 11 858 ................... 31 339 219 11 577 30 489 247 11 176 29 257 487 0.6

Technical and related support 2 604 ............ 25 274 556 2 399 24 547 610 2 580 23 733 830 0.7

Sales 9 675 .................................. 11 428 230 9 268 11 432 216 9 244 10 535 195 –2.2

Administrative support, including clerical 16 356 ... 19 337 231 16 041 18 696 229 16 188 17 825 219 1.2

Precision production, craft, and repair 1 527 ..... 20 397 500 1 436 18 346 1 056 1 364 16 466 572 8.8

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors 3 062 ............................ 15 066 335 3 095 15 155 323 3 347 14 411 393 –2.7

Transportation and material moving 639 ....... 13 863 1 282 620 14 471 800 591 12 345 675 –6.3

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,

and laborers 1 283 .......................... 11 852 453 1 284 10 112 478 1 159 9 056 834 * 14.7

Service workers 13 034 ........................ 9 846 202 13 011 9 203 173 12 376 8 603 191 * 4.7

Private household 1 090 ..................... 5 035 471 937 4 822 431 982 4 852 396 2.2

Service workers, except private

household 11 944 ......................... 10 278 145 12 074 9 564 177 11 395 9 072 192 * 5.1

Farming, forestry, and fishing 855 ............. 6 280 575 785 5 934 519 742 6 235 667 3.5

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 85 657 ........... 17 082 105 84 819 16 258 115 83 821 15 573 107 * 2.8

Less than 9th grade 5 272 ..................... 8 238 153 5 419 7 914 148 5 647 7 505 123 1.8

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 7 342 ............ 9 625 164 7 559 9 582 163 7 661 8 861 147 –1.7

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 29 199 .......................... 14 695 158 29 330 13 786 148 29 332 13 407 158 * 4.3

Some college, no degree 15 473 ................ 19 665 288 15 173 18 445 297 14 677 17 153 246 * 4.3

Associate degree 7 384 ....................... 21 959 354 6 931 21 290 348 6 914 21 073 316 0.9

Bachelor’s degree or more 20 984 ............... 31 642 239 20 409 30 692 226 19 590 29 781 350 0.9

Bachelor’s degree 14 450 .................... 28 594 423 14 218 27 415 320 13 787 26 401 324 2.0

Master’s degree 5 138 ...................... 39 744 707 4 837 36 888 480 4 488 35 882 607 * 5.4

Professional degree 808 ................... 45 510 1 828 788 43 490 2 182 807 45 199 2 699 2.4 Doctorate degree 587 ..................... 46 499 2 232 567 46 275 1 762 508 46 545 1 975 –1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 29

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 7. Median Income of People by Selected Characteristics: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of

symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income

(1998~1999)

FULL~TIME, YEAR~ROUND

WORKERS

Male

All males 57 519 ........................ 37 574 247 56 951 36 252 144 54 914 35 248 150 * 1.4

Region

Northeast 10 603 .............................. 41 227 312 10 605 38 694 549 10 279 37 897 531 * 4.2

Midwest 13 721 ............................... 40 067 394 13 596 37 205 291 12 953 36 052 305 * 5.4

South 20 348 ................................. 35 273 251 20 060 34 326 469 19 622 31 929 193 0.5

West 12 847 .................................. 38 142 684 12 691 36 252 314 12 060 35 701 361 2.9

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 49 149 ................................. 39 331 332 48 908 37 196 160 47 230 36 118 164 * 3.5 Non~Hispanic White 42 981 ................... 41 406 159 43 024 39 903 256 41 450 36 597 148 * 1.5 Black 5 642 .................................. 30 297 364 5 400 27 472 483 5 172 26 897 310 * 7.9 Hispanic origin1......................... 6 476 23 342 519 6 147 22 505 413 5 976 21 799 267 1.5

Relationship to Family

Householder

In families 45 627 .............................. 39 727 325 45 128 37 229 169 44 027 36 339 171 * 4.4 Householder 28 739 ......................... 42 210 187 29 313 41 197 187 29 635 40 087 223 0.2 Spouse of householder 10 673 ................ 41 778 321 9 484 39 846 552 8 312 38 487 690 * 2.6 Other relative of householder 6 214 ........... 21 518 226 6 331 21 416 209 6 080 20 442 262 –1.7 In unrelated subfamilies 143 ................. 18 597 2 197 174 14 997 1 712 197 22 812 1 781 21.3 Unrelated individuals 11 749 .................... 33 178 528 11 649 32 151 233 10 690 30 886 220 1.0

Age

Under 65 years 56 234 ......................... 37 430 193 55 912 36 170 144 53 919 35 126 162 * 1.2

15 to 24 years 4 457 ........................ 19 515 336 4 571 19 510 334 4 107 17 651 352 –2.1

25 to 34 years 14 136 ........................ 32 599 368 14 353 31 600 190 14 374 30 145 216 0.9

35 to 44 years 17 603 ........................ 40 916 242 17 510 39 226 509 16 997 37 413 311 2.1

45 to 54 years 13 813 ........................ 46 228 436 13 286 43 482 612 12 577 42 370 394 * 4.0

55 to 64 years 6 224 ........................ 44 264 967 6 192 44 095 1 025 5 863 41 096 426 –1.8

65 years and over 1 285 ...................... 45 781 1 789 1 039 43 157 1 915 995 45 648 2 391 3.8

65 to 74 years 1 063 ........................ 46 933 2 235 877 43 060 1 997 794 43 937 2 516 6.6

75 years and over 222 .................... 40 622 3 155 162 43 750 7 911 201 49 672 2 753 –9.2

Occupation Group of Longest Job2

(Earnings)

Total with earnings3 ............... 57 511 36 476 136 56 951 35 345 133 54 909 33 674 320 * 1.0 Executive, administrators, and managerial 9 831 . 55 261 784 9 438 51 351 290 9 046 50 149 604 * 5.3 Professional specialty 7 869 ................... 54 616 888 7 768 51 654 297 7 516 50 402 367 * 3.4 Technical and related support 1 732 ............ 41 700 449 1 737 40 546 529 1 591 37 704 1 094 0.6 Sales 6 437 .................................. 38 267 857 6 397 37 248 453 6 108 35 655 396 0.5 Administrative support, including clerical 2 887 ... 31 767 466 3 004 31 153 339 3 035 29 442 713 –0.2

Precision production, craft, and repair 10 854 ..... 34 429 590 11 064 31 631 207 10 629 31 496 188 * 6.5

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors 4 031 ............................ 29 156 583 3 953 27 890 581 4 026 26 969 292 2.3 Transportation and material moving 3 901 ....... 30 754 360 3 671 30 422 351 3 641 28 227 780 –1.1

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,

and laborers 2 613 .......................... 21 206 403 2 633 21 871 362 2 304 21 475 487 * –5.1

Service workers 4 988 ........................ 24 289 547 4 881 22 515 414 4 703 22 335 434 * 5.5

Private household 14 ..................... (B) (B) 9 (B) (B) 7 (B) (B) (X)

Service workers, except private

household 4 973 ......................... 24 342 546 4 872 22 557 421 4 696 22 359 445 * 5.6

Farming, forestry, and fishing 1 756 ............. 18 949 688 1 739 18 855 1 115 1 651 17 394 720 –1.7

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 53 062 ........... 40 333 144 52 381 37 906 291 50 807 36 678 148 * 4.1

Less than 9th grade 1 993 ..................... 20 429 444 1 870 19 380 599 1 914 19 291 629 3.1

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 3 295 ............ 25 035 535 3 613 23 958 546 3 548 24 726 465 2.2

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 16 589 .......................... 33 184 388 16 442 31 477 169 16 225 31 215 171 * 3.1

Some college, no degree 9 684 ................ 39 221 580 9 375 36 934 291 9 170 35 945 293 * 3.9

Associate degree 4 359 ....................... 41 638 459 4 347 40 274 539 4 086 38 022 774 1.2

Bachelor’s degree or more 17 142 ............... 60 201 439 16 733 56 524 421 15 864 53 450 755 * 4.2

Bachelor’s degree 11 142 .................... 52 985 722 11 058 51 405 348 10 349 48 616 850 0.8

Master’s degree 3 725 ...................... 66 243 690 3 414 62 244 847 3 228 61 690 771 * 4.1

Professional degree 1 267 ................... 100 000 37 836 1 264 94 737 4 039 1 321 85 011 4 253 3.3

Doctorate degree 1 008 ..................... 81 687 3 953 998 75 078 2 506 966 76 234 3 611 6.5

See footnotes at end of table.

30 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 7. Median Income of People by Selected Characteristics: 1999, 1998, and 1997mCon.

[People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. An asterisk (*) preceding percent change indicates statistically significant change at the 90~percent confidence level. For meaning of

symbols, see text]

Characteristic

1999 1998 1997

Median income Median income Median income

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Number

with

income

(1,000)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Percent

change

in real

median

 income

(1998~1999)

FULL~TIME, YEAR~ROUND

WORKERS

Female

All females 40 421 ....................... 27 370 121 38 810 26 855 122 37 696 26 029 131 –0.3

Region

Northeast 7 705 .............................. 30 340 301 7 500 29 083 439 7 218 29 158 412 2.1

Midwest 9 387 ............................... 27 349 288 9 093 26 741 240 8 865 25 800 258 0.1

South 14 816 ................................. 26 059 207 14 017 25 629 202 13 931 23 963 283 –0.5

West 8 513 .................................. 28 464 540 8 199 28 123 502 7 682 27 295 384 1.0

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 32 557 ................................. 28 023 228 31 497 27 304 133 30 598 26 470 145 0.4 Non~Hispanic White 28 985 ................... 29 369 231 28 234 28 288 210 27 634 25 915 138 * 1.6 Black 5 899 .................................. 25 142 311 5 459 23 864 494 5 313 22 764 404 3.1 Hispanic origin1......................... 3 770 20 052 413 3 478 19 817 473 3 143 19 676 534 –1.0

Relationship to Family

Householder

In families 31 475 .............................. 26 875 139 30 412 26 302 140 29 730 25 533 147 – Householder 11 831 ......................... 27 510 313 11 157 26 731 244 10 369 26 208 256 0.7 Spouse of householder 15 633 ................ 28 295 315 15 451 27 457 239 15 767 26 549 200 0.8 Other relative of householder 4 012 ........... 20 989 286 3 805 20 282 315 3 594 19 707 393 1.2 In unrelated subfamilies 301 ................. 21 144 891 270 22 244 1 276 223 21 959 1 034 –7.0 Unrelated individuals 8 645 .................... 30 469 281 8 127 29 737 384 7 743 28 650 533 0.2

Age

Under 65 years 39 734 ......................... 27 337 122 38 230 26 838 123 37 078 25 978 132 –0.3

15 to 24 years 3 330 ........................ 17 851 340 3 182 17 348 257 3 072 16 290 232 0.7

25 to 34 years 9 791 ........................ 26 670 228 9 663 26 301 215 9 681 25 144 227 –0.8

35 to 44 years 11 875 ........................ 29 155 418 11 587 28 585 370 11 126 27 524 289 –0.2

45 to 54 years 10 380 ........................ 30 848 244 9 684 30 027 334 9 191 29 364 449 0.5

55 to 64 years 4 358 ........................ 28 764 716 4 113 27 783 612 4 008 26 661 448 1.3

65 years and over 687 ...................... 30 013 1 294 580 28 326 1 444 618 30 359 1 884 3.7

65 to 74 years 554 ........................ 30 297 1 452 486 27 438 1 493 517 31 426 2 150 8.0

75 years and over 134 .................... 28 191 3 880 94 33 716 3 792 101 26 917 2 958 –18.2

Occupation Group of Longest Job2

(Earnings)

Total with earnings3 ............... 40 404 26 324 113 38 785 25 862 118 37 683 24 973 155 –0.4 Executive, administrators, and managerial 7 302 . 36 141 353 7 125 34 755 556 6 611 33 037 581 1.7 Professional specialty 7 061 ................... 37 533 431 6 922 36 261 271 6 679 35 417 294 1.3 Technical and related support 1 775 ............ 30 001 691 1 612 27 849 778 1 735 27 576 754 * 5.4 Sales 4 436 .................................. 23 778 710 4 182 23 197 606 4 077 21 392 335 0.3 Administrative support, including clerical 10 063 ... 24 581 248 9 697 23 835 223 9 790 22 474 175 0.9

Precision production, craft, and repair 1 067 ..... 24 946 960 927 23 907 1 003 865 21 649 664 2.1

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors 1 959 ............................ 18 928 476 1 955 19 015 383 2 090 17 683 397 –2.6 Transportation and material moving 279 ....... 20 720 933 268 21 449 879 247 21 024 914 –5.5

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,

and laborers 597 .......................... 18 432 590 544 16 550 522 465 15 774 502 * 9.0

Service workers 5 527 ........................ 16 306 188 5 262 15 647 206 4 807 15 964 190 2.0

Private household 325 ..................... 11 820 592 245 11 840 541 225 12 648 702 –2.3

Service workers, except private

household 5 203 ......................... 16 538 190 5 017 15 801 213 4 583 16 120 191 2.4

Farming, forestry, and fishing 269 ............. 13 230 1 497 235 15 865 1 269 223 17 301 1 254 * –18.4

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 37 091 ........... 28 844 215 35 628 27 956 199 34 624 26 974 134 0.9

Less than 9th grade 886 ..................... 15 098 492 814 14 467 429 791 14 161 491 2.1

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 1 883 ............ 17 015 298 1 878 16 482 321 1 765 16 697 335 1.0

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 11 824 .......................... 23 061 279 11 613 22 780 253 11 475 22 067 148 1.0

Some college, no degree 7 453 ................ 27 757 369 7 070 27 420 271 6 628 26 335 291 1.0

Associate degree 3 804 ....................... 30 919 317 3 527 29 924 513 3 538 28 812 660 1.1

Bachelor’s degree or more 11 242 ............... 41 747 275 10 725 39 786 408 10 427 38 038 481 * 2.7

Bachelor’s degree 7 607 .................... 37 993 614 7 288 36 559 305 7 173 35 379 295 1.7

Master’s degree 2 818 ...................... 48 097 862 2 639 45 283 760 2 448 44 949 836 * 3.9

Professional degree 470 ................... 59 904 4 478 468 57 565 1 705 488 61 051 4 737 1.8

Doctorate degree 346 ..................... 60 079 3 130 329 57 796 1 880 318 53 038 3 626 1.7

1Hispanics may be of any race.

2Amounts shown are median earnings.

3Includes people whose longest job was in the Armed Forces.

Income 31

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 8. Selected Characteristics of PeoplemTotal Money Income in 1999 of People 15 Years

Old and Over by Work Experience in 1999 and Sex

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

With income

Median income Mean income

Total Total

$1 to

$4,999

or loss

$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $34,999$35,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999

$75,000

and over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

MALE

Total

All males 103 114 ................... 96 023 8 341 8 695 9 380 17 386 14 566 15 235 12 557 9 863 27 275 131 38 352 268

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 83 202 ....... 77 402 6 514 6 586 7 385 13 478 11 387 12 276 10 864 8 912 28 794 235 40 452 316

Inside central cities 29 833 .......... 27 365 2 433 2 878 3 011 5 388 3 975 4 049 3 235 2 396 24 931 293 35 945 527

1 million or more 19 192 .......... 17 461 1 503 1 860 1 916 3 417 2 459 2 609 2 053 1 645 25 100 346 36 874 705

Under 1 million 10 641 ............ 9 904 930 1 018 1 095 1 971 1 516 1 441 1 182 751 24 612 479 34 306 761

Outside central cities 53 369 ......... 50 036 4 081 3 707 4 374 8 091 7 412 8 226 7 629 6 516 31 050 182 42 917 393

1 million or more 36 535 .......... 34 291 2 789 2 316 2 810 5 201 4 929 5 491 5 589 5 165 32 350 262 45 800 507

Under 1 million 16 834 ............ 15 745 1 292 1 391 1 564 2 889 2 483 2 735 2 040 1 351 27 554 415 36 640 577

Outside metropolitan areas 19 912 ..... 18 621 1 827 2 109 1 994 3 907 3 180 2 960 1 693 951 23 263 431 29 620 500

Region

Northeast 19 343 .................... 18 025 1 642 1 558 1 716 2 990 2 574 2 853 2 467 2 226 28 789 424 41 938 663

Midwest 23 907 ...................... 22 714 1 950 1 983 1 866 3 911 3 632 4 002 3 162 2 208 29 268 442 37 966 498

South 36 543 ........................ 33 762 2 953 3 197 3 634 6 468 5 339 5 215 3 908 3 050 25 926 220 35 700 408

West 23 320 ......................... 21 521 1 796 1 956 2 165 4 017 3 022 3 166 3 021 2 380 27 185 317 39 914 670

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 86 443 ........................ 81 574 6 710 6 789 7 746 14 515 12 458 13 292 11 130 8 933 28 564 217 39 843 303 Non~Hispanic White 75 692 .......... 72 027 5 836 5 597 6 119 11 916 11 092 12 256 10 551 8 660 30 594 148 41 943 320 Black 11 687 ........................ 10 067 1 170 1 452 1 138 2 165 1 492 1 348 865 437 20 579 309 26 475 451 Hispanic origin1 ............... 11 327 10 045 931 1 259 1 701 2 729 1 427 1 093 617 287 18 234 335 23 979 487

Age

Under 65 years 89 228 ............... 82 336 7 815 6 760 6 739 13 650 12 652 13 993 11 735 8 993 29 776 229 39 878 296

15 to 24 years 19 503 .............. 14 428 5 123 2 843 2 089 2 561 1 152 453 149 57 8 302 212 11 677 175

25 to 34 years 18 563 .............. 17 974 685 995 1 419 4 011 3 724 3 798 2 230 1 112 29 864 310 35 726 488

35 to 44 years 22 135 .............. 21 654 831 1 004 1 370 3 324 3 754 4 468 4 055 2 849 36 217 258 46 489 590

45 to 54 years 17 890 .............. 17 477 597 992 989 2 151 2 447 3 456 3 608 3 236 40 939 299 53 947 787

55 to 64 years 11 137 .............. 10 804 580 926 872 1 602 1 575 1 817 1 693 1 739 33 648 721 48 434 1 002

65 years and over 13 886 ............. 13 686 526 1 935 2 641 3 736 1 914 1 242 822 870 19 079 240 29 171 575

65 to 74 years 8 049 .............. 7 931 293 1 071 1 270 2 018 1 230 856 561 631 21 305 343 32 542 891

75 years and over 5 837 ........... 5 755 233 863 1 371 1 718 685 386 261 239 16 779 258 24 526 589

Mean age 42.3 ............. 43.6 29.8 43.0 46.7 45.0 43.6 43.8 45.3 48.0 (X) (X) (X) (X)

Relationship to Family

Householder

Householder 44 093 .................. 43 476 1 361 2 222 3 609 7 473 7 068 8 475 7 329 5 941 35 008 244 46 071 399 Spouse of householder 15 251 ......... 15 033 469 866 1 157 2 482 2 461 2 747 2 579 2 271 35 319 392 48 771 795 Child of householder 18 027 ........... 13 257 4 805 2 608 1 580 2 134 1 127 607 293 102 8 112 217 12 889 219 Other relative of householder 4 792 ... 3 984 573 764 660 965 397 352 189 83 14 951 414 20 030 541 Nonrelatives 20 951 .................. 20 274 1 134 2 234 2 373 4 332 3 513 3 054 2 167 1 467 25 145 270 34 322 580

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 83 611 ...... 81 595 3 218 5 852 7 291 14 825 13 414 14 782 12 408 9 806 31 613 130 43 068 306

Less than 9th grade 5 918 ........... 5 610 394 1 503 1 207 1 536 531 287 108 45 13 438 307 16 824 320

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 7 298 .. 6 900 499 1 026 1 287 1 890 1 123 704 259 112 17 707 335 21 628 346

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 26 651 ................. 25 960 1 144 1 818 2 572 5 963 5 302 5 076 2 978 1 109 27 240 191 32 127 293

Some college, no degree 14 540 ....... 14 266 495 792 998 2 567 2 711 3 218 2 251 1 234 32 724 430 40 178 611

Associate degree 5 952 .............. 5 878 165 224 378 890 1 063 1 405 1 199 554 36 632 450 42 403 879

Bachelor’s degree or more 23 251 ...... 22 981 521 489 848 1 979 2 684 4 092 5 614 6 753 52 240 327 70 236 857

Bachelor’s degree 14 909 ........... 14 729 353 351 660 1 422 1 954 2 939 3 626 3 424 47 325 552 61 198 880

Master’s degree 5 166 ............. 5 102 108 86 116 381 513 789 1 409 1 702 58 933 1 394 71 838 1 689

Professional degree 1 752 ......... 1 736 36 28 48 95 120 183 254 972 81 934 3 204 118 964 5 330

Doctorate degree 1 425 ............ 1 414 25 24 25 81 98 182 324 655 70 452 2 240 98 774 4 698

See footnotes at end of table.

32 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 8. Selected Characteristics of PeoplemTotal Money Income in 1999 of People 15 Years

Old and Over by Work Experience in 1999 and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

With income

Median income Mean income

Total Total

$1 to

$4,999

or loss

$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $34,999$35,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999

$75,000

and over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

MALEmCon.

Full~Time, Year~Round

Worker

All males 57 530 ................... 57 519 698 1 009 3 217 9 944 10 712 12 457 10 914 8 569 37 574 247 50 438 398

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 47 176 ....... 47 173 457 760 2 606 7 770 8 288 10 028 9 472 7 791 39 974 265 52 901 463 Inside central cities 16 064 .......... 16 064 169 328 1 151 3 283 2 973 3 344 2 771 2 046 35 358 277 47 569 803 1 million or more 10 430 .......... 10 430 107 203 776 2 104 1 867 2 208 1 775 1 391 35 686 347 48 421 1 056 Under 1 million 5 634 ............ 5 634 62 125 375 1 179 1 106 1 136 996 655 34 568 757 45 993 1 193 Outside central cities 31 112 ......... 31 109 288 432 1 455 4 487 5 315 6 684 6 701 5 745 41 675 199 55 654 565 1 million or more 21 855 .......... 21 852 164 285 970 2 899 3 534 4 489 4 926 4 584 44 146 599 58 914 710 Under 1 million 9 256 ............ 9 256 124 147 485 1 588 1 781 2 195 1 775 1 161 37 330 425 47 957 874 Outside metropolitan areas 10 355 ..... 10 346 241 248 611 2 175 2 423 2 429 1 442 778 32 142 337 39 207 781

Region

Northeast 10 603 .................... 10 603 124 162 533 1 537 1 845 2 288 2 168 1 947 41 227 312 57 201 1 034

Midwest 13 726 ...................... 13 721 153 211 578 2 035 2 634 3 349 2 815 1 946 40 067 394 50 106 740

South 20 354 ........................ 20 348 291 376 1 247 4 055 4 078 4 255 3 377 2 668 35 273 251 46 683 607

West 12 847 ......................... 12 847 130 259 860 2 318 2 154 2 566 2 553 2 008 38 142 684 51 157 960

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 49 160 ........................ 49 149 605 825 2 553 7 946 8 985 10 826 9 668 7 740 39 331 332 52 040 448

Non~Hispanic White 42 993 .......... 42 981 522 589 1 628 5 888 7 799 9 911 9 138 7 507 41 406 152 55 216 477

Black 5 642 ........................ 5 642 64 135 445 1 509 1 225 1 110 769 385 30 297 364 36 387 663

Hispanic origin1 ............... 6 476 6 476 85 250 963 2 156 1 242 968 567 246 23 342 519 29 982 687

Age

Under 65 years 56 245 ............... 56 234 664 994 3 177 9 760 10 505 12 247 10 714 8 175 37 430 193 49 911 393 15 to 24 years 4 463 .............. 4 457 73 337 937 1 760 844 365 105 36 19 515 336 21 443 293 25 to 34 years 14 139 .............. 14 136 149 218 788 3 097 3 285 3 482 2 090 1 026 32 599 368 40 048 586 35 to 44 years 17 603 .............. 17 603 189 189 738 2 521 3 273 4 119 3 879 2 695 40 916 242 52 019 674 45 to 54 years 13 816 .............. 13 813 150 149 473 1 601 2 079 3 047 3 303 3 010 46 228 437 60 922 923 55 to 64 years 6 224 .............. 6 224 102 100 240 782 1 023 1 233 1 336 1 407 44 264 968 62 307 1 564 65 years and over 1 285 ............. 1 285 35 15 41 184 207 210 200 393 45 781 1 790 73 462 4 616 65 to 74 years 1 063 .............. 1 063 24 15 31 137 177 174 173 332 46 933 2 235 74 648 5 370 75 years and over 222 ........... 222 11 – 9 48 30 36 27 61 40 622 3 156 67 776 7 212 Mean age 40.8 ............. 40.8 41.9 34.9 34.8 36.7 39.2 41.1 43.5 46.5 (X) (X) (X) (X)

Relationship to Family

Householder

Householder 28 742 .................. 28 739 306 256 978 3 871 4 944 6 836 6 351 5 197 42 210 179 55 730 553

Spouse of householder 10 676 ......... 10 673 137 119 404 1 441 1 937 2 316 2 315 2 003 41 778 321 57 416 1 037

Child of householder 4 209 ........... 4 204 76 256 668 1 496 889 523 225 71 21 423 290 25 073 445

Other relative of householder 2 010 ... 2 010 44 110 324 704 328 255 175 70 21 688 361 28 383 893

Nonrelatives 11 892 .................. 11 892 135 267 843 2 432 2 614 2 527 1 847 1 228 32 858 484 44 081 862

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 53 068 ...... 53 062 625 671 2 280 8 185 9 867 12 092 10 809 8 533 40 333 144 52 873 427 Less than 9th grade 1 993 ........... 1 993 41 112 361 795 349 221 79 35 20 429 444 24 237 709 9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 3 298 .. 3 295 81 97 447 1 018 841 524 216 70 25 035 535 28 069 556 High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 16 592 ................. 16 589 231 234 840 3 475 3 986 4 235 2 640 947 33 184 388 38 566 402 Some college, no degree 9 684 ....... 9 684 109 118 288 1 463 1 986 2 682 1 967 1 070 39 221 581 47 082 822 Associate degree 4 359 .............. 4 359 44 34 98 561 819 1 215 1 090 498 41 638 459 48 346 1 105 Bachelor’s degree or more 17 142 ...... 17 142 118 77 247 873 1 886 3 213 4 816 5 912 60 201 439 79 239 1 058 Bachelor’s degree 11 142 ........... 11 142 72 58 188 700 1 458 2 432 3 238 2 996 52 985 722 68 101 1 028 Master’s degree 3 725 ............. 3 725 20 13 38 134 322 556 1 138 1 504 66 243 690 81 866 2 178 Professional degree 1 267 ......... 1 267 16 6 11 16 57 116 200 845 100 000 37 836 140 591 6 813 Doctorate degree 1 008 ............ 1 008 10 – 9 23 50 109 240 567 81 687 3 953 115 509 6 172

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 33

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 8. Selected Characteristics of PeoplemTotal Money Income in 1999 of People 15 Years

Old and Over by Work Experience in 1999 and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

With income

Median income Mean income

Total Total

$1 to

$4,999

or loss

$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $34,999$35,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999

$75,000

and over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

FEMALE

Total

All females 110 660 ................. 99 613 17 797 17 559 13 667 19 849 12 939 9 663 5 466 2 674 15 311 98 21 311 132

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 89 463 ....... 80 490 14 022 13 515 10 623 15 705 10 853 8 352 4 963 2 457 16 055 112 22 346 154

Inside central cities 32 649 .......... 29 028 4 836 5 368 4 068 5 611 3 926 2 778 1 596 845 15 335 185 21 877 286

1 million or more 21 058 .......... 18 453 3 038 3 260 2 446 3 521 2 569 1 853 1 149 617 16 090 241 22 862 377

Under 1 million 11 591 ............ 10 575 1 798 2 107 1 622 2 089 1 357 925 448 228 14 095 304 20 156 429

Outside central cities 56 814 ......... 51 462 9 186 8 148 6 555 10 095 6 927 5 574 3 367 1 612 16 470 142 22 611 178

1 million or more 39 078 .......... 35 406 6 228 5 194 4 355 6 774 4 871 4 099 2 573 1 312 17 256 173 23 843 223

Under 1 million 17 736 ............ 16 057 2 958 2 954 2 200 3 320 2 056 1 475 794 300 14 781 260 19 896 290

Outside metropolitan areas 21 197 ..... 19 123 3 775 4 044 3 044 4 143 2 086 1 311 503 217 12 471 218 16 952 272

Region

Northeast 21 661 .................... 19 773 3 389 3 565 2 542 3 870 2 411 1 971 1 284 741 15 780 203 23 034 339

Midwest 25 293 ...................... 23 470 4 278 3 896 3 251 4 905 3 166 2 179 1 257 539 15 508 199 20 739 223

South 39 170 ........................ 34 861 6 185 6 470 4 990 7 055 4 558 3 214 1 597 792 14 734 188 20 334 221

West 24 537 ......................... 21 509 3 944 3 629 2 884 4 018 2 804 2 300 1 328 602 15 547 221 21 934 299

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 91 138 ........................ 82 781 14 950 14 283 11 401 16 524 10 603 8 086 4 593 2 342 15 362 108 21 501 149 Non~Hispanic White 80 228 .......... 74 496 13 055 12 466 10 031 14 896 9 820 7 601 4 379 2 249 15 922 111 22 112 150 Black 14 167 ........................ 12 432 1 970 2 535 1 781 2 523 1 768 1 124 543 189 14 771 305 19 683 317 Hispanic origin1 ............... 11 466 8 749 1 973 1 928 1 436 1 750 817 516 231 97 11 314 218 16 041 465

Age

Under 65 years 91 924 ............... 81 322 15 884 11 235 9 617 16 397 11 763 8 975 5 023 2 428 16 943 111 22 592 154

15 to 24 years 19 040 .............. 13 957 5 765 2 989 1 986 2 185 694 250 56 33 6 689 129 9 630 148

25 to 34 years 19 223 .............. 17 411 2 585 1 997 2 179 4 109 3 161 2 075 845 459 19 396 279 23 234 297

35 to 44 years 22 670 .............. 21 098 3 305 2 307 2 265 4 410 3 507 2 875 1 671 759 20 683 229 25 791 341

45 to 54 years 18 741 .............. 17 579 2 179 2 013 1 766 3 507 3 025 2 650 1 666 772 22 588 323 28 138 338

55 to 64 years 12 250 .............. 11 277 2 050 1 929 1 421 2 186 1 377 1 124 785 406 15 917 320 23 009 495

65 years and over 18 735 ............. 18 291 1 912 6 324 4 050 3 452 1 175 689 443 246 10 943 110 15 615 202

65 to 74 years 9 747 .............. 9 476 1 094 3 258 1 751 1 814 683 430 288 157 10 964 191 16 432 301

75 years and over 8 988 ........... 8 815 818 3 066 2 299 1 638 492 258 155 89 10 928 130 14 738 265

Mean age 44.2 ............. 45.5 38.5 51.3 49.5 45.5 43.6 44.3 46.3 46.6 (X) (X) (X) (X)

Relationship to Family

Householder

Householder 27 938 .................. 26 227 3 885 4 430 3 588 5 418 3 617 2 752 1 719 819 16 790 179 23 158 272 Spouse of householder 40 064 ......... 36 671 7 138 5 936 4 219 7 227 5 103 3 884 2 194 971 16 161 167 21 719 219 Child of householder 14 335 ........... 10 406 4 555 2 038 1 204 1 506 653 321 97 31 6 253 154 10 337 188 Other relative of householder 5 119 ... 3 974 717 1 065 774 695 384 215 82 41 11 001 242 15 103 364 Nonrelatives 23 204 .................. 22 335 1 503 4 090 3 882 5 003 3 181 2 491 1 374 812 17 758 239 24 688 288

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 91 620 ...... 85 657 12 031 14 571 11 681 17 664 12 245 9 413 5 410 2 641 17 082 105 23 214 149

Less than 9th grade 6 261 ........... 5 272 1 111 2 178 1 087 678 123 67 23 6 8 238 153 10 167 353

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 8 377 .. 7 342 1 425 2 400 1 580 1 340 403 143 33 20 9 625 164 12 282 510

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 31 435 ................. 29 199 4 401 5 673 4 784 7 433 3 988 1 986 674 261 14 695 158 17 736 172

Some college, no degree 16 213 ....... 15 473 2 008 2 028 1 961 3 666 2 721 1 800 895 393 19 665 288 23 496 288

Associate degree 7 740 .............. 7 384 911 823 831 1 592 1 449 1 144 456 178 21 959 355 25 176 412

Bachelor’s degree or more 21 595 ...... 20 984 2 176 1 469 1 437 2 955 3 561 4 273 3 329 1 784 31 642 239 37 042 411

Bachelor’s degree 14 931 ........... 14 450 1 677 1 131 1 108 2 267 2 722 2 776 1 863 906 28 594 423 32 803 467

Master’s degree 5 230 ............. 5 138 402 275 264 546 710 1 213 1 210 518 39 744 707 42 661 729

Professional degree 834 ......... 808 60 27 45 81 84 165 131 214 45 510 1 828 59 471 3 086

Doctorate degree 599 ............ 587 37 36 20 61 45 118 125 145 46 499 2 232 61 304 3 997

See footnotes at end of table.

34 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 8. Selected Characteristics of PeoplemTotal Money Income in 1999 of People 15 Years

Old and Over by Work Experience in 1999 and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

With income

Median income Mean income

Total Total

$1 to

$4,999

or loss

$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $34,999$35,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999

$75,000

and over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

FEMALEmCon.

Full~Time, Year~Round

Worker

All females 40 421 ................. 40 421 633 1 391 4 059 11 049 9 433 7 656 4 185 2 015 27 370 121 33 303 236

Type of Residence

Inside metropolitan areas 33 381 ....... 33 381 470 1 021 3 045 8 642 7 904 6 593 3 835 1 873 28 842 244 34 704 273 Inside central cities 12 194 .......... 12 194 174 467 1 338 3 203 2 899 2 219 1 254 641 27 069 196 33 737 535 1 million or more 7 948 .......... 7 948 106 273 813 1 983 1 877 1 506 916 473 27 977 562 35 007 679 Under 1 million 4 246 ............ 4 246 68 194 525 1 220 1 021 713 338 167 25 804 352 31 359 862 Outside central cities 21 188 ......... 21 188 296 554 1 707 5 439 5 005 4 374 2 581 1 233 30 035 227 35 260 299 1 million or more 14 801 .......... 14 801 200 325 1 111 3 504 3 460 3 231 1 966 1 005 31 096 216 36 917 356 Under 1 million 6 386 ............ 6 386 96 229 596 1 935 1 545 1 143 615 227 26 819 338 31 421 546 Outside metropolitan areas 7 040 ..... 7 040 163 371 1 014 2 407 1 529 1 064 351 142 22 569 381 26 660 476

Region

Northeast 7 705 .................... 7 705 78 218 627 1 925 1 734 1 559 1 013 550 30 340 301 37 523 665

Midwest 9 387 ...................... 9 387 134 285 773 2 790 2 280 1 756 982 388 27 349 289 32 578 372

South 14 816 ........................ 14 816 258 612 1 785 4 248 3 459 2 587 1 234 634 26 059 207 31 166 398

West 8 513 ......................... 8 513 163 276 874 2 086 1 960 1 755 957 442 28 464 541 34 002 489

Race and Hispanic Origin

White 32 557 ........................ 32 557 513 1 034 3 119 8 760 7 584 6 321 3 495 1 730 28 023 229 34 005 275

Non~Hispanic White 28 985 .......... 28 985 428 807 2 334 7 572 6 957 5 897 3 327 1 663 29 369 221 35 194 285

Black 5 899 ........................ 5 899 86 279 743 1 810 1 434 964 423 162 25 142 311 28 894 487

Hispanic origin1 ............... 3 770 3 770 87 234 817 1 273 652 451 184 71 20 052 414 24 475 645

Age

Under 65 years 39 734 ............... 39 734 626 1 352 4 012 10 876 9 288 7 526 4 084 1 970 27 337 122 33 232 238

15 to 24 years 3 330 .............. 3 330 84 362 703 1 388 531 209 37 17 17 851 340 19 599 338

25 to 34 years 9 791 .............. 9 791 117 300 997 2 913 2 551 1 788 722 402 26 670 228 31 137 359

35 to 44 years 11 875 .............. 11 875 179 298 1 157 3 003 2 796 2 449 1 337 655 29 155 418 34 673 475

45 to 54 years 10 380 .............. 10 380 153 247 835 2 408 2 455 2 212 1 429 640 30 848 244 36 706 437

55 to 64 years 4 358 .............. 4 358 94 145 320 1 164 954 867 559 256 28 764 716 36 154 1 055

65 years and over 687 ............. 687 6 39 47 173 144 131 102 45 30 013 1 294 37 415 2 051

65 to 74 years 554 .............. 554 6 33 25 141 122 108 82 36 30 297 1 452 37 565 2 332

75 years and over 134 ........... 134 – 6 22 33 22 23 20 8 28 191 3 880 36 793 4 233

Mean age 40.7 ............. 40.7 40.9 37.1 37.7 39.2 40.7 42.3 44.3 43.8 (X) (X) (X) (X)

Relationship to Family

Householder

Householder 11 831 .................. 11 831 173 404 1 215 3 241 2 642 2 197 1 324 635 27 510 300 33 674 396

Spouse of householder 15 633 ......... 15 633 273 464 1 395 4 187 3 744 3 124 1 707 738 28 295 315 33 815 405

Child of householder 2 664 ........... 2 664 66 192 460 1 012 548 283 78 26 20 894 305 23 047 432

Other relative of householder 1 348 ... 1 348 32 92 243 418 294 182 58 29 21 298 701 24 690 699

Nonrelatives 8 946 .................. 8 946 89 240 746 2 190 2 204 1 871 1 019 587 30 190 304 36 270 545

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and over 37 091 ...... 37 091 549 1 030 3 355 9 661 8 901 7 447 4 149 1 998 28 844 216 34 533 253

Less than 9th grade 886 ........... 886 22 107 310 319 70 43 11 4 15 098 492 17 647 634

9th to 12th grade (no diploma) 1 883 .. 1 883 68 152 492 752 277 111 22 9 17 015 298 20 683 1 610

High school graduate (includes

equivalency) 11 824 ................. 11 824 191 444 1 512 4 356 3 105 1 609 490 117 23 061 279 25 741 291

Some college, no degree 7 453 ....... 7 453 106 166 554 2 107 2 082 1 465 659 313 27 757 369 32 653 433

Associate degree 3 804 .............. 3 804 68 64 258 896 1 055 971 363 128 30 919 318 33 788 572

Bachelor’s degree or more 11 242 ...... 11 242 93 97 230 1 231 2 312 3 249 2 604 1 426 41 747 275 48 930 579

Bachelor’s degree 7 607 ........... 7 607 67 75 183 1 036 1 851 2 184 1 501 711 37 993 614 43 950 670

Master’s degree 2 818 ............. 2 818 8 22 32 149 406 879 902 420 48 097 862 54 354 923

Professional degree 470 ......... 470 11 – 7 28 38 103 103 180 59 904 4 479 77 478 4 395

Doctorate degree 346 ............ 346 7 – 8 18 17 83 98 115 60 079 3 130 75 494 5 053

1Hispanics may be of any race.

Income 35

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 9. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 18 Years Old and

Over by Age, Work Experience in 1999, and Sex

[People 18 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Age

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

MALE

Total

Number With Earnings (thousands)

Total 76 233 ................................. 3 205 6 713 24 235 15 538 5 635 20 908 13 683 4 498 1 490 1 237 Under 65 years 73 035 ......................... 2 899 6 418 23 294 15 028 5 498 19 899 13 170 4 289 1 367 1 073 18 to 24 years 10 821 ........................ 372 2 105 3 579 3 630 460 676 626 36 10 4 25 to 34 years 17 415 ........................ 631 1 382 5 633 3 310 1 354 5 105 3 975 770 220 139 25 to 29 years 8 317 ...................... 323 689 2 639 1 672 642 2 353 1 969 273 77 34 30 to 34 years 9 098 ...................... 308 693 2 994 1 638 712 2 752 2 006 497 144 105 35 to 44 years 20 625 ........................ 750 1 440 7 052 3 671 1 784 5 927 3 888 1 318 381 340 35 to 39 years 10 409 ...................... 387 744 3 612 1 860 836 2 970 1 991 643 182 154 40 to 44 years 10 216 ...................... 363 696 3 440 1 811 948 2 958 1 897 675 200 186 45 to 54 years 16 072 ........................ 629 845 4 551 3 052 1 403 5 593 3 341 1 449 456 346 45 to 49 years 8 760 ...................... 321 429 2 678 1 671 775 2 886 1 760 736 229 162 50 to 54 years 7 313 ...................... 308 417 1 873 1 381 628 2 707 1 581 713 227 184 55 to 64 years 8 101 ........................ 517 646 2 478 1 365 498 2 598 1 340 715 299 243 55 to 59 years 4 832 ...................... 229 340 1 490 867 308 1 598 824 439 174 162 60 to 64 years 3 269 ...................... 288 306 989 497 190 1 000 516 277 126 82 65 years and over 3 198 ....................... 306 294 941 510 137 1 009 513 209 123 164 65 to 74 years 2 491 ........................ 227 227 733 393 126 786 403 162 84 137 65 to 69 years 1 631 ...................... 126 137 507 269 89 503 271 95 48 89 70 to 74 years 860 ...................... 102 89 226 124 37 282 132 67 36 48 75 years and over 707 ..................... 79 68 208 118 11 224 110 47 39 27

Mean Earnings (dollars)

Total 40 257 ................................. 18 743 18 908 30 414 33 614 40 047 66 810 57 706 68 367 120 352 97 357

Under 65 years 40 622 ......................... 19 368 19 071 30 572 34 032 40 537 67 434 58 494 69 714 121 149 99 620

18 to 24 years 13 215 ........................ 12 925 9 175 15 001 11 743 17 991 21 161 20 476 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 35 282 ........................ 18 128 19 895 29 162 32 803 34 392 50 164 47 515 57 425 61 089 68 336

25 to 29 years 30 622 ...................... 16 445 18 521 25 559 28 056 32 696 43 046 40 098 54 777 47 687 (B)

30 to 34 years 39 542 ...................... 19 891 21 261 32 339 37 646 35 922 56 249 54 796 58 878 68 221 55 155

35 to 44 years 46 000 ........................ 21 466 23 886 34 151 43 174 45 108 70 594 63 025 68 460 118 481 111 694

35 to 39 years 44 463 ...................... 19 814 23 813 33 144 40 957 42 638 69 326 61 851 72 675 113 415 99 886

40 to 44 years 47 566 ...................... 23 225 23 963 35 209 45 450 47 289 71 868 64 256 64 444 123 084 121 514

45 to 54 years 53 411 ........................ 21 159 26 479 36 484 46 916 47 041 80 024 71 645 77 623 138 533 93 895

45 to 49 years 51 958 ...................... 21 103 24 726 36 342 44 185 48 175 79 437 69 702 80 406 145 241 87 916

50 to 54 years 55 151 ...................... 21 217 28 282 36 687 50 222 45 640 80 649 73 806 74 751 131 785 99 141

55 to 64 years 49 646 ........................ 20 292 29 125 35 224 42 896 43 349 79 097 62 882 70 889 146 040 110 109

55 to 59 years 52 328 ...................... 21 396 30 601 36 187 47 050 43 043 81 084 69 669 75 380 120 112 112 781

60 to 64 years 45 682 ...................... 19 412 27 488 33 772 35 646 43 847 75 922 52 042 63 769 181 945 104 836

65 years and over 31 910 ....................... 12 830 15 366 26 484 21 324 20 393 54 497 37 477 40 773 111 481 82 555

65 to 74 years 33 861 ........................ 14 538 16 318 26 022 22 502 19 428 59 821 39 226 47 474 131 805 91 066

65 to 69 years 34 344 ...................... 14 652 16 936 24 653 21 586 19 563 63 219 42 352 46 058 (B) 109 110

70 to 74 years 32 945 ...................... 14 398 15 371 29 100 24 488 (B) 53 770 32 782 (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 25 033 ..................... 7 904 (B) 28 112 17 389 (B) 35 802 31 057 (B) (B) (B)

Standard Error of Mean (dollars)

Total 308 ................................. 481 338 294 555 889 882 888 1 764 5 739 5 111 Under 65 years 311 ......................... 508 344 289 567 905 889 913 1 747 5 895 5 286 18 to 24 years 206 ........................ 857 332 412 313 856 1 045 955 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 488 ........................ 1 059 615 606 1 151 957 1 219 1 269 3 980 4 640 11 347 25 to 29 years 546 ...................... 1 290 700 526 869 1 408 1 583 974 10 113 5 353 (B)

30 to 34 years 784 ...................... 1 681 1 004 1 033 2 133 1 299 1 792 2 298 2 678 6 318 6 045 35 to 44 years 592 ........................ 1 323 739 490 1 397 2 143 1 510 1 606 1 940 10 812 10 799 35 to 39 years 794 ...................... 1 002 963 723 1 874 1 526 2 129 2 340 3 351 11 781 17 804 40 to 44 years 880 ...................... 2 505 1 129 656 2 073 3 799 2 142 2 192 2 008 17 628 13 009 45 to 54 years 801 ........................ 864 1 170 662 1 346 1 424 1 943 2 317 3 622 10 200 6 021 45 to 49 years 1 044 ...................... 1 219 1 252 924 1 544 2 207 2 657 2 831 5 572 15 832 6 756 50 to 54 years 1 238 ...................... 1 224 1 983 919 2 309 1 637 2 843 3 744 4 587 12 808 9 584 55 to 64 years 1 187 ........................ 1 037 1 299 1 113 1 919 3 682 3 100 2 858 4 826 15 735 13 765 55 to 59 years 1 430 ...................... 1 687 1 613 1 206 2 583 3 965 3 558 4 083 5 631 11 135 19 398 60 to 64 years 2 039 ...................... 1 284 2 066 2 116 2 652 7 203 5 699 3 413 8 673 33 569 14 431

65 years and over 1 877 ....................... 1 373 1 719 2 430 2 408 3 478 5 113 3 163 12 078 23 227 16 909

65 to 74 years 2 297 ........................ 1 751 1 936 2 668 2 908 3 067 6 381 3 548 15 394 32 910 19 880

65 to 69 years 2 647 ...................... 1 796 2 287 2 867 2 319 3 929 7 529 4 403 16 794 (B) 29 758

70 to 74 years 4 364 ...................... 3 224 3 422 5 780 7 712 (B) 11 603 5 872 (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 2 521 ..................... 1 393 (B) 5 695 3 803 (B) 5 005 6 886 (B) (B) (B)

36 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 9. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 18 Years Old and

Over by Age, Work Experience in 1999, and SexmCon.

[People 18 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Age

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

MALEmCon.

Full~Time, Year~Round Workers

Number With Earnings (thousands)

Total 57 428 ................................. 2 190 3 916 18 487 10 759 4 605 17 471 11 447 3 744 1 267 1 012

Under 65 years 56 146 ......................... 2 067 3 816 18 105 10 585 4 561 17 012 11 226 3 680 1 188 919

18 to 24 years 4 375 ........................ 199 622 1 900 1 075 246 333 309 20 – 4

25 to 34 years 14 133 ........................ 458 971 4 598 2 672 1 117 4 315 3 369 649 178 119

25 to 29 years 6 441 ...................... 222 453 2 060 1 271 528 1 906 1 607 209 56 34

30 to 34 years 7 691 ...................... 236 518 2 538 1 401 590 2 408 1 762 439 122 85

35 to 44 years 17 603 ........................ 542 1 065 5 902 3 181 1 583 5 330 3 514 1 185 334 297

35 to 39 years 8 914 ...................... 275 568 3 004 1 634 755 2 678 1 791 595 163 130

40 to 44 years 8 689 ...................... 267 497 2 898 1 547 828 2 652 1 723 590 171 168

45 to 54 years 13 813 ........................ 485 657 3 807 2 620 1 244 5 000 2 993 1 280 421 306

45 to 49 years 7 628 ...................... 250 334 2 269 1 446 707 2 621 1 592 658 222 148

50 to 54 years 6 185 ...................... 235 323 1 538 1 174 537 2 379 1 401 622 199 158

55 to 64 years 6 222 ........................ 382 501 1 897 1 037 370 2 035 1 041 547 255 192

55 to 59 years 3 933 ...................... 186 273 1 209 708 245 1 312 673 365 151 123

60 to 64 years 2 288 ...................... 195 228 688 329 125 723 368 182 104 70

65 years and over 1 283 ....................... 123 100 382 174 44 459 221 64 80 93

65 to 74 years 1 061 ........................ 97 83 301 140 41 398 195 61 60 82

65 to 69 years 736 ...................... 61 60 221 102 26 266 137 36 35 58

70 to 74 years 325 ...................... 36 23 80 39 15 132 58 25 25 24

75 years and over 222 ..................... 26 17 81 34 4 61 26 3 20 11

Mean Earnings (dollars)

Total 47 573 ................................. 22 593 25 558 35 121 42 193 44 706 72 884 62 543 75 441 130 711 107 988

Under 65 years 47 370 ......................... 22 629 25 518 34 878 42 368 44 854 72 358 62 568 75 045 129 538 107 317

18 to 24 years 20 913 ........................ 17 132 17 563 20 416 20 885 23 979 30 093 28 380 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 38 978 ........................ 20 914 22 881 31 945 36 707 37 057 53 920 51 097 60 901 67 990 74 666

25 to 29 years 34 513 ...................... 19 252 22 139 28 282 32 059 34 977 47 476 43 856 63 357 (B) (B)

30 to 34 years 42 718 ...................... 22 478 23 531 34 919 40 926 38 917 59 020 57 702 59 730 74 334 60 685

35 to 44 years 49 833 ........................ 24 384 27 175 37 155 46 193 48 407 73 583 65 469 72 300 123 371 118 670

35 to 39 years 48 047 ...................... 22 356 26 362 36 098 43 786 44 582 72 271 64 081 75 632 122 296 107 204

40 to 44 years 51 665 ...................... 26 477 28 105 38 251 48 735 51 898 74 908 66 911 68 939 124 391 127 544 45 to 54 years 57 252 ........................ 23 557 29 723 39 493 49 483 49 634 83 628 73 820 82 148 145 726 100 418 45 to 49 years 55 560 ...................... 22 877 27 761 39 137 45 774 49 926 83 363 72 632 85 607 148 110 91 739 50 to 54 years 59 339 ...................... 24 280 31 757 40 020 54 054 49 249 83 920 75 170 78 485 143 063 108 568 55 to 64 years 56 125 ........................ 23 878 31 471 40 124 49 517 51 012 87 459 67 686 81 716 154 030 122 743 55 to 59 years 56 504 ...................... 23 438 30 776 40 100 51 903 48 420 85 684 72 836 81 542 120 329 126 036 60 to 64 years 55 472 ...................... 24 299 32 304 40 167 44 379 56 096 90 677 58 261 82 065 202 857 (B)

65 years and over 56 475 ....................... 21 988 27 074 46 628 31 562 (B) 92 409 61 285 (B) 148 122 114 595

65 to 74 years 58 549 ........................ 23 978 28 711 43 237 34 463 (B) 96 389 60 600 (B) (B) 123 369

65 to 69 years 57 444 ...................... (B) (B) 39 707 36 291 (B) 98 406 63 886 (B) (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 61 051 ...................... (B) (B) 52 971 (B) (B) 92 315 (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 46 557 ..................... (B) (B) 59 218 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Standard Error of Mean (dollars)

Total 377 ................................. 624 458 345 727 1 030 987 954 2 032 6 440 6 006

Under 65 years 374 ......................... 642 460 336 736 1 038 974 966 1 967 6 492 5 981

18 to 24 years 283 ........................ 990 685 357 588 1 111 1 578 1 339 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 573 ........................ 1 364 718 712 1 371 1 056 1 376 1 415 4 606 5 191 13 007

25 to 29 years 660 ...................... 1 740 789 595 959 1 538 1 878 1 057 12 990 (B) (B)

30 to 34 years 891 ...................... 2 067 1 154 1 188 2 453 1 442 1 952 2 503 2 812 6 819 6 893

35 to 44 years 650 ........................ 1 729 884 542 1 571 2 367 1 547 1 577 2 028 11 442 12 050

35 to 39 years 854 ...................... 1 153 1 135 811 2 083 1 582 2 124 2 151 3 484 12 677 20 788

40 to 44 years 983 ...................... 3 292 1 377 715 2 362 4 283 2 251 2 312 2 036 18 775 13 980

45 to 54 years 878 ........................ 956 1 374 735 1 430 1 466 2 061 2 365 4 017 10 820 6 552

45 to 49 years 1 159 ...................... 1 350 1 360 1 030 1 541 2 242 2 874 3 054 6 128 16 207 7 113

50 to 54 years 1 341 ...................... 1 350 2 405 999 2 550 1 678 2 956 3 673 5 117 14 028 10 709

55 to 64 years 1 447 ........................ 1 200 1 442 1 317 2 341 4 691 3 717 3 177 5 963 17 976 16 686

55 to 59 years 1 629 ...................... 1 932 1 667 1 367 3 000 4 729 4 004 4 407 6 444 11 400 24 571

60 to 64 years 2 763 ...................... 1 446 2 458 2 724 3 529 10 304 7 520 3 854 12 420 39 621 (B)

65 years and over 4 172 ....................... 2 716 3 539 4 966 3 303 (B) 10 216 5 429 (B) 33 384 27 837

65 to 74 years 4 884 ........................ 3 296 3 918 5 261 3 643 (B) 11 651 5 706 (B) (B) 31 298

65 to 69 years 5 352 ...................... (B) (B) 5 571 4 365 (B) 12 972 6 624 (B) (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 10 356 ...................... (B) (B) 12 286 (B) (B) 23 473 (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 5 933 ..................... (B) (B) 12 655 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Income 37

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 9. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 18 Years Old and

Over by Age, Work Experience in 1999, and SexmCon.

[People 18 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Age

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

FEMALE

Total

Number With Earnings (thousands)

Total 68 409 ................................. 1 794 5 025 21 847 15 398 6 289 18 056 12 533 4 316 700 507 Under 65 years 66 085 ......................... 1 637 4 781 20 925 14 967 6 133 17 643 12 283 4 181 686 492 18 to 24 years 10 184 ........................ 121 1 536 3 091 3 915 445 1 076 984 78 14 – 25 to 34 years 15 542 ........................ 339 893 4 329 3 203 1 653 5 125 3 922 896 214 93 25 to 29 years 7 651 ...................... 155 421 2 040 1 685 795 2 556 2 028 412 83 33 30 to 34 years 7 890 ...................... 184 472 2 288 1 519 858 2 569 1 894 484 131 60 35 to 44 years 18 277 ........................ 466 1 068 6 009 3 604 2 028 5 102 3 533 1 183 221 165 35 to 39 years 8 968 ...................... 214 586 2 918 1 730 972 2 548 1 801 568 114 64 40 to 44 years 9 309 ...................... 252 482 3 091 1 875 1 056 2 553 1 732 614 106 101 45 to 54 years 15 022 ........................ 432 751 4 803 2 890 1 508 4 638 2 897 1 402 181 158 45 to 49 years 8 220 ...................... 204 403 2 526 1 570 859 2 657 1 711 770 92 84 50 to 54 years 6 802 ...................... 228 348 2 277 1 320 649 1 981 1 187 631 89 74 55 to 64 years 7 060 ........................ 279 533 2 693 1 354 500 1 702 946 623 56 76 55 to 59 years 4 471 ...................... 157 322 1 681 897 312 1 103 602 405 44 51 60 to 64 years 2 588 ...................... 122 211 1 012 457 188 599 344 218 12 25 65 years and over 2 324 ....................... 157 245 922 431 156 413 250 135 14 15 65 to 74 years 1 839 ........................ 113 193 719 330 132 352 212 116 9 15 65 to 69 years 1 210 ...................... 76 132 479 200 71 252 149 90 4 9 70 to 74 years 629 ...................... 37 61 241 130 61 100 63 26 6 5 75 years and over 485 ..................... 44 52 203 101 24 61 38 18 5 –

Mean Earnings (dollars)

Total 23 551 ................................. 12 392 12 057 18 092 20 241 25 079 36 755 32 546 42 378 59 792 61 136

Under 65 years 23 896 ......................... 12 929 12 124 18 415 20 353 25 331 37 113 32 871 42 852 60 195 62 035

18 to 24 years 10 590 ........................ 10 051 6 851 10 729 9 345 13 279 19 007 18 074 32 919 (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 23 872 ........................ 12 765 13 023 17 373 20 828 22 925 34 195 31 916 37 610 54 908 49 641

25 to 29 years 22 563 ...................... 15 063 13 536 16 356 19 961 21 756 31 425 30 180 36 128 40 222 (B)

30 to 34 years 25 142 ...................... 10 827 12 566 18 279 21 789 24 007 36 950 33 775 38 872 64 190 (B)

35 to 44 years 26 632 ........................ 13 223 13 145 19 573 25 099 26 802 40 012 35 990 43 839 68 702 60 364

35 to 39 years 26 031 ...................... 14 555 12 397 19 013 23 952 24 715 40 082 36 524 44 845 61 267 (B)

40 to 44 years 27 211 ...................... 12 093 14 056 20 102 26 158 28 723 39 942 35 435 42 908 76 707 60 615

45 to 54 years 28 683 ........................ 12 871 14 799 21 682 26 396 28 638 41 096 35 638 46 166 60 468 73 992

45 to 49 years 28 583 ...................... 12 742 14 116 22 094 26 305 27 300 39 928 34 774 45 358 59 810 73 290

50 to 54 years 28 805 ...................... 12 987 15 592 21 225 26 503 30 409 42 662 36 883 47 153 61 143 (B)

55 to 64 years 25 876 ........................ 13 975 20 006 20 502 25 517 28 088 37 801 32 100 42 305 (B) 56 011

55 to 59 years 26 513 ...................... 13 494 22 805 20 071 25 926 28 623 39 155 33 227 44 446 (B) (B)

60 to 64 years 24 775 ...................... 14 597 15 728 21 219 24 715 27 197 35 310 30 126 38 333 (B) (B)

65 years and over 13 739 ....................... 6 778 10 751 10 766 16 359 15 168 21 506 16 543 27 658 (B) (B)

65 to 74 years 14 556 ........................ 6 591 11 103 10 893 19 008 15 796 21 835 17 259 28 893 (B) (B)

65 to 69 years 15 434 ...................... 7 246 12 291 11 906 15 692 (B) 25 544 18 979 35 511 (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 12 868 ...................... (B) (B) 8 879 24 105 (B) 12 501 (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 10 639 ..................... (B) (B) 10 317 7 712 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Standard Error of Mean (dollars)

Total 165 ................................. 974 743 196 253 406 421 477 733 3 217 4 192 Under 65 years 169 ......................... 1 062 778 202 251 412 428 485 746 3 256 4 298 18 to 24 years 174 ........................ 1 307 487 260 219 697 838 617 8 122 (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 305 ........................ 4 771 2 197 334 508 728 538 534 1 280 4 166 9 266 25 to 29 years 464 ...................... 10 367 4 585 378 736 881 658 706 1 873 4 177 (B)

30 to 34 years 398 ...................... 889 750 534 692 1 137 841 802 1 748 5 924 (B)

35 to 44 years 361 ........................ 969 460 292 549 742 1 076 1 359 1 428 6 092 7 702 35 to 39 years 600 ...................... 1 895 531 401 831 820 1 869 2 495 2 117 6 276 (B)

40 to 44 years 410 ...................... 775 783 422 723 1 201 1 069 979 1 927 10 559 11 599 45 to 54 years 338 ........................ 671 565 400 644 831 800 805 1 432 7 070 8 419 45 to 49 years 445 ...................... 925 781 624 963 1 003 943 986 1 627 7 116 11 586 50 to 54 years 517 ...................... 965 812 481 822 1 396 1 380 1 357 2 483 12 325 (B)

55 to 64 years 687 ........................ 1 074 5 570 1 036 936 1 761 1 110 1 290 1 608 (B) 6 562

55 to 59 years 780 ...................... 1 246 8 025 616 1 182 2 179 1 315 1 719 1 912 (B) (B)

60 to 64 years 1 303 ...................... 1 860 6 895 2 559 1 516 2 972 2 010 1 867 2 865 (B) (B)

65 years and over 649 ....................... 765 1 320 607 2 464 1 777 1 759 1 690 3 529 (B) (B)

65 to 74 years 772 ........................ 832 1 488 692 3 157 1 981 1 826 1 832 3 888 (B) (B)

65 to 69 years 781 ...................... 1 096 2 088 929 2 014 (B) 2 228 2 343 4 363 (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 1 678 ...................... (B) (B) 895 7 331 (B) 2 606 (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 1 030 ..................... (B) (B) 1 266 1 364 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

38 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 9. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 18 Years Old and

Over by Age, Work Experience in 1999, and SexmCon.

[People 18 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Age

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

FEMALEmCon.

Full~Time, Year~Round Workers

Number With Earnings (thousands)

Total 40 368 ................................. 934 2 144 13 080 8 494 3 989 11 726 8 062 2 848 470 346

Under 65 years 39 689 ......................... 904 2 071 12 807 8 378 3 947 11 581 7 975 2 808 467 331

18 to 24 years 3 294 ........................ 48 262 1 263 1 048 187 486 456 30 – –

25 to 34 years 9 788 ........................ 151 394 2 685 2 001 1 068 3 491 2 698 592 153 47

25 to 29 years 4 770 ...................... 55 156 1 232 1 052 504 1 770 1 428 281 50 11

30 to 34 years 5 019 ...................... 96 238 1 453 948 563 1 721 1 270 311 103 36

35 to 44 years 11 875 ........................ 292 612 3 899 2 411 1 299 3 363 2 311 790 150 111

35 to 39 years 5 646 ...................... 131 311 1 836 1 108 605 1 655 1 170 363 73 49

40 to 44 years 6 229 ...................... 161 302 2 063 1 303 694 1 707 1 141 427 78 61

45 to 54 years 10 377 ........................ 252 490 3 326 2 016 1 090 3 204 1 952 1 006 123 122

45 to 49 years 5 666 ...................... 127 248 1 749 1 076 617 1 848 1 154 561 62 72

50 to 54 years 4 711 ...................... 125 242 1 577 940 472 1 355 798 446 61 51

55 to 64 years 4 354 ........................ 162 312 1 635 903 304 1 038 557 389 41 51

55 to 59 years 2 916 ...................... 98 203 1 070 625 207 714 376 266 35 37

60 to 64 years 1 438 ...................... 65 109 565 278 97 324 181 123 5 15

65 years and over 678 ....................... 30 74 272 116 42 145 87 40 3 15

65 to 74 years 546 ........................ 25 60 213 95 36 118 68 34 – 15

65 to 69 years 393 ...................... 22 43 150 52 30 96 55 31 – 9

70 to 74 years 154 ...................... 3 18 63 43 6 22 14 3 – 5

75 years and over 132 ..................... 5 13 59 21 6 27 19 6 3 –

Mean Earnings (dollars)

Total 31 129 ................................. 16 648 19 419 23 498 28 661 31 285 44 669 40 263 49 635 72 171 69 085

Under 65 years 31 214 ......................... 16 789 19 457 23 562 28 580 31 318 44 776 40 394 49 648 71 845 70 769

18 to 24 years 18 825 ........................ (B) 17 973 16 665 18 038 19 685 26 445 26 217 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 29 766 ........................ 14 389 17 750 21 633 26 859 28 002 40 247 37 562 45 305 63 474 (B)

25 to 29 years 28 169 ...................... (B) 16 595 20 669 25 525 26 863 36 812 35 295 42 834 (B) (B)

30 to 34 years 31 283 ...................... 14 954 18 507 22 451 28 339 29 022 43 780 40 111 47 537 71 792 (B)

35 to 44 years 32 711 ........................ 17 196 17 432 24 258 31 258 33 185 47 500 43 471 51 304 77 914 63 151

35 to 39 years 32 370 ...................... 19 460 17 050 23 900 30 366 30 387 47 722 44 035 53 311 (B) (B)

40 to 44 years 33 021 ...................... 15 360 17 827 24 576 32 017 35 623 47 285 42 893 49 598 85 505 (B)

45 to 54 years 34 099 ........................ 16 508 18 398 25 756 31 330 33 305 48 559 43 337 50 959 73 441 87 163 45 to 49 years 34 286 ...................... 16 077 18 025 26 089 31 635 32 190 47 718 42 486 51 402 (B) (B)

50 to 54 years 33 875 ...................... 16 946 18 781 25 386 30 981 34 762 49 706 44 569 50 403 (B) (B)

55 to 64 years 32 887 ........................ 18 694 28 492 25 935 31 341 35 012 48 095 42 649 51 024 (B) (B)

55 to 59 years 32 472 ...................... 17 261 30 911 24 521 30 855 34 466 47 755 43 486 51 108 (B) (B)

60 to 64 years 33 727 ...................... (B) 24 013 28 614 32 436 36 179 48 843 40 913 50 843 (B) (B)

65 years and over 26 115 ....................... (B) (B) 20 469 34 530 (B) 36 156 28 207 (B) (B) (B)

65 to 74 years 27 210 ........................ (B) (B) 20 556 38 476 (B) 38 218 (B) (B) (B) (B)

65 to 69 years 27 192 ...................... (B) (B) 21 984 (B) (B) 39 750 (B) (B) (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 27 257 ...................... (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 21 588 ..................... (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Standard Error of Mean (dollars)

Total 222 ................................. 586 1 440 256 360 525 520 598 811 4 157 4 812

Under 65 years 224 ......................... 602 1 489 260 347 530 524 603 821 4 169 4 969

18 to 24 years 324 ........................ (B) 2 405 373 479 1 010 745 785 (B) (B) (B)

25 to 34 years 337 ........................ 860 1 042 399 687 963 635 628 1 546 5 178 (B)

25 to 29 years 439 ...................... (B) 2 010 417 1 042 1 071 783 826 2 248 (B) (B)

30 to 34 years 505 ...................... 1 224 1 105 646 869 1 551 988 946 2 110 6 836 (B)

35 to 44 years 451 ........................ 1 389 570 317 698 962 1 312 1 685 1 716 7 628 7 119

35 to 39 years 774 ...................... 2 870 679 436 1 131 954 2 326 3 118 2 465 (B) (B)

40 to 44 years 498 ...................... 891 921 455 860 1 583 1 262 1 191 2 378 12 681 (B)

45 to 54 years 400 ........................ 843 664 399 686 981 961 994 1 440 9 403 10 022

45 to 49 years 522 ...................... 1 065 988 590 1 007 1 184 1 147 1 184 1 920 (B) (B)

50 to 54 years 617 ...................... 1 309 884 528 915 1 645 1 647 1 725 2 177 (B) (B)

55 to 64 years 1 013 ........................ 1 430 9 417 1 517 1 203 2 199 1 400 1 638 1 744 (B) (B)

55 to 59 years 1 086 ...................... 1 629 12 641 600 1 494 2 581 1 555 2 127 2 064 (B) (B)

60 to 64 years 2 137 ...................... (B) 13 135 4 237 1 991 4 135 2 893 2 414 3 238 (B) (B)

65 years and over 1 718 ....................... (B) (B) 1 350 8 086 (B) 3 063 3 009 (B) (B) (B)

65 to 74 years 2 016 ........................ (B) (B) 1 491 9 737 (B) 2 825 (B) (B) (B) (B)

65 to 69 years 1 466 ...................... (B) (B) 1 839 (B) (B) 2 966 (B) (B) (B) (B)

70 to 74 years 6 109 ...................... (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

75 years and over 2 807 ..................... (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Income 39

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 10. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 25 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Work Experience in 1999

[Numbers in thousands. People 25 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

MALE

All Races

Total................................. 83 611 5 918 7 298 26 651 14 540 5 952 23 251 14 909 5 166 1 752 1 425

Without earnings ........................ 18 199 3 085 2 690 5 995 2 632 777 3 019 1 852 704 272 191

With earnings ........................... 65 412 2 833 4 608 20 656 11 908 5 175 20 232 13 057 4 462 1 480 1 233

$1 to $2,499 or loss.................... 2 023 152 268 728 377 147 351 194 115 19 24

$2,500 to $4,999 ...................... 1 229 128 161 359 244 59 279 180 64 18 17

$5,000 to $7,499 ...................... 1 540 192 217 534 270 92 235 166 48 10 10

$7,500 to $9,999 ...................... 1 365 176 181 521 223 72 191 143 41 5 3

$10,000 to $12,499 .................... 2 538 343 427 878 374 135 381 287 65 12 17

$12,500 to $14,999 .................... 1 644 197 242 617 243 107 237 186 26 17 8

$15,000 to $17,499 .................... 3 185 334 411 1 290 487 176 486 339 85 36 27

$17,500 to $19,999 .................... 2 128 207 306 807 381 178 250 182 43 9 16

$20,000 to $22,499 .................... 3 563 232 380 1 494 743 247 467 358 91 11 6

$22,500 to $24,999 .................... 2 136 159 210 884 414 162 308 244 44 12 8

$25,000 to $29,999 .................... 5 560 223 504 2 242 1 079 476 1 036 798 175 39 24

$30,000 to $34,999 .................... 5 896 165 411 2 310 1 226 454 1 331 964 267 43 57

$35,000 to $39,999 .................... 5 047 120 246 1 754 1 089 515 1 323 982 244 55 42

$40,000 to $44,999 .................... 4 917 63 232 1 756 1 101 481 1 283 946 229 56 52

$45,000 to $49,999 .................... 3 354 29 120 1 073 664 331 1 137 861 185 40 50

$50,000 to $54,999 .................... 3 578 35 86 1 047 635 353 1 423 926 344 84 69

$55,000 to $64,999 .................... 4 702 40 107 1 063 889 486 2 117 1 378 540 76 122

$65,000 to $74,999 .................... 2 938 5 32 452 477 280 1 691 1 061 451 73 106

$75,000 to $84,999 .................... 2 386 10 19 367 377 168 1 446 815 429 104 98

$85,000 to $99,999 .................... 1 414 7 17 122 189 77 1 002 554 271 97 80

$100,000 and over .................... 4 268 15 33 357 427 180 3 256 1 491 706 663 396

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 34 850 16 704 20 604 29 917 34 270 36 885 51 815 47 419 57 841 86 523 71 531

Standard error dollars ................ .. 259 312 350 287 587 376 247 546 1 496 4 619 1 711

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 44 730 19 507 23 354 33 084 40 282 42 006 68 335 59 490 68 622 121 105 97 605

Standard error dollars ................ .. 350 528 431 328 689 953 906 922 1 775 5 765 5 123

Gini ratio ............................... .425 .376 .368 .353 .382 .350 .391 .382 .364 .256 .329

Standard error ........................ .0053 .0228 .0165 .0084 .0120 .0170 .0091 .0113 .0186 .0283 .0340

Full~Time, Year~Round

Workers

Number of earnings recipients ............ 53 054 1 991 3 295 16 587 9 684 4 359 17 138 11 138 3 725 1 267 1 008 Median earnings dollars ................ .. 38 427 19 757 24 279 32 098 37 245 40 474 56 398 51 005 61 776 96 275 76 858 Standard error dollars ................ .. 338 476 651 164 286 392 450 290 501 15 649 3 031 Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 49 771 23 139 27 067 36 805 44 558 45 876 73 715 63 491 75 527 130 711 108 334 Standard error dollars ................ .. 404 677 518 377 796 1 080 1 003 976 2 042 6 440 6 024 Gini ratio ............................... .381 .318 .307 .306 .333 .311 .354 .343 .323 .196 .281 Standard error ........................ .0059 .0278 .0197 .0094 .0132 .0186 .0098 .0121 .0205 .0305 .0373

White

Total................................. 70 900 4 925 5 820 22 557 12 211 5 162 20 226 12 961 4 433 1 595 1 238

Without earnings ........................ 15 163 2 411 2 073 5 054 2 287 650 2 688 1 647 613 252 176

With earnings ........................... 55 737 2 514 3 747 17 503 9 923 4 512 17 538 11 314 3 820 1 342 1 062

$1 to $2,499 or loss.................... 1 746 126 222 628 324 116 330 182 108 16 23

$2,500 to $4,999 ...................... 990 115 123 271 178 56 247 158 61 16 12

$5,000 to $7,499 ...................... 1 294 171 169 448 219 81 208 153 39 9 7

$7,500 to $9,999 ...................... 1 073 147 137 399 177 54 160 112 41 5 3

$10,000 to $12,499 .................... 2 010 315 337 660 280 110 309 236 47 10 17

$12,500 to $14,999 .................... 1 298 177 184 493 193 83 168 122 22 17 6

$15,000 to $17,499 .................... 2 568 311 321 1 014 408 146 368 241 72 33 22

$17,500 to $19,999 .................... 1 744 194 244 641 297 152 216 151 39 9 16

$20,000 to $22,499 .................... 2 835 199 295 1 223 529 189 400 308 78 7 6

$22,500 to $24,999 .................... 1 786 149 166 724 340 146 262 206 36 12 8

$25,000 to $29,999 .................... 4 641 187 418 1 884 887 407 858 661 147 29 20 $30,000 to $34,999 .................... 4 956 136 348 1 987 993 389 1 102 810 214 39 39 $35,000 to $39,999 .................... 4 330 108 213 1 511 939 472 1 088 824 194 40 30 $40,000 to $44,999 .................... 4 275 58 213 1 560 903 423 1 118 815 199 54 50 $45,000 to $49,999 .................... 2 959 20 105 967 567 296 1 004 764 164 38 38 $50,000 to $54,999 .................... 3 186 30 68 923 578 320 1 266 815 312 78 61 $55,000 to $64,999 .................... 4 156 34 94 1 003 758 431 1 836 1 183 482 65 105 $65,000 to $74,999 .................... 2 598 5 28 409 423 256 1 477 956 371 68 81 $75,000 to $84,999 .................... 2 149 10 16 329 360 157 1 276 733 356 93 94 $85,000 to $99,999 .................... 1 265 7 15 103 161 66 913 505 237 95 76 $100,000 and over .................... 3 878 14 31 328 409 160 2 934 1 379 600 608 347

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 35 747 16 648 21 159 30 655 35 529 37 442 52 329 49 188 57 378 89 905 73 395

Standard error dollars ................ .. 149 316 406 184 301 635 381 788 1 348 3 544 2 324

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 46 199 19 542 24 084 34 018 42 033 42 996 70 083 61 480 69 057 123 938 97 363

Standard error dollars ................ .. 396 574 499 364 811 1 069 1 006 1 042 1 987 6 234 5 272

Gini ratio ............................... .426 .375 .370 .350 .386 .348 .391 .394 .369 .242 .328

Standard error ........................ .0057 .0247 .0185 .0091 .0133 .0184 .0097 .0122 .0203 .0297 .0365

Full~Time, Year~Round

Workers

Number of earnings recipients ............ 45 329 1 776 2 655 14 080 8 112 3 839 14 868 9 689 3 167 1 149 863

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 40 138 19 346 25 412 33 147 38 463 40 928 57 262 51 606 61 691 96 863 80 359

Standard error dollars ................ .. 138 493 470 441 638 409 591 306 529 19 905 2 784

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 51 300 23 081 28 049 37 735 46 375 46 893 75 495 65 418 76 406 133 433 108 178

Standard error dollars ................ .. 455 739 608 416 935 1 203 1 111 1 097 2 301 6 974 6 202

Gini ratio ............................... .382 .322 .309 .303 .338 .307 .352 .354 .326 .191 .271

Standard error ........................ .0063 .0302 .0222 .0102 .0147 .0199 .0106 .0131 .0224 .0320 .0402

40 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 10. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 25 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Work Experience in 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 25 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

MALEmCon.

Black

Total................................. 8 879 721 1 173 3 259 1 766 515 1 446 1 016 337 56 36 Without earnings ........................ 2 312 524 519 764 271 78 156 87 54 8 6 With earnings ........................... 6 567 197 654 2 495 1 495 437 1 290 929 283 48 30 $1 to $2,499 or loss.................... 190 15 35 80 32 19 9 4 2 2 – $2,500 to $4,999 ...................... 182 12 31 75 51 2 11 6 2 2 – $5,000 to $7,499 ...................... 179 16 42 65 38 4 15 5 5 1 3 $7,500 to $9,999 ...................... 229 16 32 108 32 18 23 23 – – – $10,000 to $12,499 .................... 349 23 55 159 75 19 18 14 4 – – $12,500 to $14,999 .................... 247 12 51 84 38 19 43 43 – – – $15,000 to $17,499 .................... 449 14 75 213 52 10 84 70 7 2 5 $17,500 to $19,999 .................... 292 3 45 139 71 21 14 11 3 – – $20,000 to $22,499 .................... 526 18 55 208 166 44 34 24 9 – – $22,500 to $24,999 .................... 254 2 27 130 62 10 23 18 5 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 .................... 660 23 62 283 130 62 101 80 17 3 – $30,000 to $34,999 .................... 675 22 49 254 173 40 136 90 37 4 5 $35,000 to $39,999 .................... 482 4 29 202 103 22 122 104 17 2 – $40,000 to $44,999 .................... 486 4 17 170 172 32 91 71 20 – – $45,000 to $49,999 .................... 243 4 14 71 73 18 64 52 8 2 2 $50,000 to $54,999 .................... 262 5 16 95 42 25 80 61 17 – 2 $55,000 to $64,999 .................... 329 3 13 43 100 38 131 97 25 5 4 $65,000 to $74,999 .................... 182 – 4 37 40 15 86 48 31 2 4 $75,000 to $84,999 .................... 126 – – 34 14 6 72 37 32 – 2 $85,000 to $99,999 .................... 82 – 2 17 20 2 41 25 14 2 – $100,000 and over .................... 141 – 1 24 11 11 93 45 27 18 4

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 27 253 15 653 17 901 24 710 30 027 28 613 40 400 37 572 50 769 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 459 2 496 1 041 730 1 436 1 917 1 366 1 513 5 614 (B) (B)

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 32 189 18 316 20 731 28 241 31 516 33 632 48 041 43 475 54 876 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 573 1 594 973 898 850 1 845 1 732 1 686 3 377 (B) (B)

Gini ratio ............................... .376 .393 .364 .364 .319 .343 .348 .329 .305 (B) (B)

Standard error ........................ .0157 .0824 .0473 .0271 .0290 .0563 .0353 .0401 .0691 (B) (B)

Full~Time, Year~Round

Workers

Number of earnings recipients ............ 5 175 125 468 1 967 1 208 327 1 081 769 249 41 22 Median earnings dollars ................ .. 30 926 22 068 21 499 27 408 31 961 31 206 42 307 40 805 52 308 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 305 2 432 978 793 645 2 247 2 250 1 229 4 749 (B) (B)

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 36 305 23 380 24 530 32 122 35 324 36 259 51 627 46 878 57 415 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 662 1 810 1 093 1 068 899 1 990 1 934 1 887 3 593 (B) (B)

Gini ratio ............................... .327 .300 .282 .317 .264 .289 .324 .303 .292 (B) (B)

Standard error ........................ .0179 .0992 .0551 .0311 .0322 .0631 .0388 .0445 .0750 (B) (B)

Hispanic Origin1

Total................................. 8 365 2 275 1 358 2 370 1 091 378 894 611 175 58 51

Without earnings ........................ 1 358 554 238 334 110 29 94 60 15 9 10

With earnings ........................... 7 007 1 721 1 120 2 036 981 349 800 551 160 49 41

$1 to $2,499 or loss.................... 179 44 27 68 16 6 17 12 6 – –

$2,500 to $4,999 ...................... 144 43 29 30 26 5 12 10 2 – –

$5,000 to $7,499 ...................... 260 108 54 55 16 9 19 13 4 1 1

$7,500 to $9,999 ...................... 269 113 46 67 22 6 16 14 2 – –

$10,000 to $12,499 .................... 599 256 149 122 39 17 17 12 3 – 2

$12,500 to $14,999 .................... 448 165 85 128 34 15 21 13 2 6 –

$15,000 to $17,499 .................... 712 233 153 219 61 15 31 23 7 2 –

$17,500 to $19,999 .................... 456 146 97 133 49 7 24 22 – 2 –

$20,000 to $22,499 .................... 573 142 110 195 71 28 28 24 4 – –

$22,500 to $24,999 .................... 325 100 51 107 52 10 5 4 1 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 .................... 693 138 114 232 106 38 65 48 12 4 –

$30,000 to $34,999 .................... 563 97 63 182 129 28 64 38 19 3 3

$35,000 to $39,999 .................... 413 52 46 121 87 30 77 62 12 1 1

$40,000 to $44,999 .................... 340 24 38 120 67 36 55 39 10 2 5

$45,000 to $49,999 .................... 229 15 25 64 56 19 49 39 5 2 3

$50,000 to $54,999 .................... 194 21 8 59 37 30 38 23 13 1 2

$55,000 to $64,999 .................... 227 12 14 66 50 19 65 46 10 4 6

$65,000 to $74,999 .................... 149 3 3 36 32 9 66 49 12 3 2

$75,000 to $84,999 .................... 97 7 1 17 12 8 51 27 17 7 –

$85,000 to $99,999 .................... 38 1 2 5 6 6 17 7 6 1 2

$100,000 and over .................... 98 1 6 11 12 6 62 25 14 9 13

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 21 899 16 409 17 979 22 530 29 910 31 786 40 287 37 886 42 327 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 306 373 680 691 1 202 2 632 1 839 1 767 6 645 (B) (B)

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 27 766 18 420 20 950 26 311 32 226 38 274 51 055 43 944 60 013 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 634 471 835 661 1 179 4 478 4 079 3 838 13 272 (B) (B)

Gini ratio ............................... .385 .309 .325 .332 .323 .383 .405 .368 .440 (B) (B)

Standard error ........................ .0164 .0322 .0374 .0261 .0383 .0858 .0498 .0549 .1205 (B) (B)

Full~Time, Year~Round

Workers

Number of earnings recipients ............ 5 577 1 265 859 1 677 817 289 669 462 131 40 36

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 25 242 18 101 20 225 25 291 31 446 36 212 44 066 41 467 50 410 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 421 605 678 664 645 2 066 2 179 2 150 6 057 (B) (B)

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 31 024 20 658 23 392 28 612 35 200 42 380 56 470 48 696 67 424 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 758 541 998 681 1 286 5 217 4 739 4 429 15 802 (B) (B)

Gini ratio ............................... .347 .265 .293 .286 .284 .331 .371 .313 .387 (B) (B)

Standard error ........................ .0185 .0360 .0435 .0283 .0422 .0974 .0554 .0594 .1352 (B) (B)

Income 41

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 10. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 25 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Work Experience in 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 25 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

MALEmCon.

Non~Hispanic White

Total................................. 62 977 2 745 4 524 20 309 11 209 4 803 19 387 12 381 4 274 1 540 1 191 Without earnings ........................ 13 884 1 884 1 857 4 742 2 183 622 2 596 1 587 598 243 169 With earnings ........................... 49 093 861 2 667 15 567 9 026 4 181 16 790 10 795 3 676 1 297 1 022 $1 to $2,499 or loss.................... 1 584 84 196 567 308 112 318 172 106 16 23 $2,500 to $4,999 ...................... 853 72 96 241 157 51 236 148 60 16 12 $5,000 to $7,499 ...................... 1 047 70 115 395 206 72 190 140 36 9 6 $7,500 to $9,999 ...................... 817 36 92 334 160 48 148 101 39 5 3 $10,000 to $12,499 .................... 1 436 64 194 541 249 95 292 224 44 10 15 $12,500 to $14,999 .................... 880 25 105 371 162 68 149 112 20 12 6 $15,000 to $17,499 .................... 1 883 82 174 805 348 131 343 220 70 32 22 $17,500 to $19,999 .................... 1 314 56 151 513 253 146 195 132 39 7 16 $20,000 to $22,499 .................... 2 287 60 191 1 037 462 163 374 286 74 7 6 $22,500 to $24,999 .................... 1 478 51 116 626 291 137 257 202 35 12 8

$25,000 to $29,999 .................... 3 980 61 310 1 661 784 370 794 614 135 25 20 $30,000 to $34,999 .................... 4 417 45 286 1 811 871 360 1 044 774 198 37 36 $35,000 to $39,999 .................... 3 935 56 168 1 397 857 442 1 015 767 182 38 28 $40,000 to $44,999 .................... 3 951 34 175 1 449 841 388 1 064 777 190 52 44 $45,000 to $49,999 .................... 2 751 5 80 907 521 280 959 726 159 36 37 $50,000 to $54,999 .................... 3 002 9 60 868 543 292 1 229 795 299 77 59 $55,000 to $64,999 .................... 3 951 28 80 940 713 415 1 775 1 140 474 62 99 $65,000 to $74,999 .................... 2 457 2 24 373 395 247 1 416 910 361 66 79 $75,000 to $84,999 .................... 2 055 3 15 314 349 149 1 225 707 339 86 94 $85,000 to $99,999 .................... 1 230 6 12 97 158 61 896 497 232 93 74 $100,000 and over .................... 3 784 14 27 318 398 154 2 872 1 353 586 599 334

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 37 298 17 418 22 939 31 352 36 126 38 044 52 958 50 017 58 073 91 086 73 911 Standard error dollars ................ .. 155 843 785 191 319 838 790 538 1 573 4 469 2 289 Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 48 693 21 958 25 359 34 980 43 019 43 355 70 866 62 288 69 267 125 596 97 760 Standard error dollars ................ .. 438 1 442 619 400 882 1 100 1 035 1 075 1 994 6 412 5 425 Gini ratio ............................... .419 .469 .379 .348 .390 .344 .387 .394 .367 .235 .328 Standard error ........................ .0061 .0469 .0217 .0097 .0140 .0189 .0099 .0125 .0207 .0300 .0372

Full~Time, Year~Round

Workers

Number of earnings recipients ............ 40 028 561 1 831 12 479 7 356 3 565 14 236 9 252 3 044 1 112 828

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 41 455 22 774 27 611 34 839 39 817 41 186 58 020 51 884 61 904 100 000 80 697

Standard error dollars ................ .. 141 1 027 668 383 515 430 827 307 524 25 771 2 740

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 53 996 28 734 30 132 38 920 47 580 47 221 76 287 66 173 76 709 135 056 108 820

Standard error dollars ................ .. 502 2 025 758 460 1 021 1 234 1 141 1 129 2 309 7 159 6 400

Gini ratio ............................... .375 .389 .305 .300 .340 .306 .351 .354 .322 .184 .326

Standard error ........................ .0067 .0588 .0263 .0109 .0154 .0205 .0108 .0134 .0228 .0325 .0411

42 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 10. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 25 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Work Experience in 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 25 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

FEMALE

All Races

Total................................. 91 620 6 261 8 377 31 435 16 213 7 740 21 595 14 931 5 230 834 599

Without earnings ........................ 33 395 4 588 4 888 12 679 4 730 1 896 4 615 3 383 992 148 92

With earnings ........................... 58 225 1 673 3 489 18 756 11 483 5 844 16 980 11 548 4 238 687 507

$1 to $2,499 or loss.................... 3 781 212 405 1 367 750 297 750 578 142 18 13

$2,500 to $4,999 ...................... 2 760 168 323 1 046 515 247 462 330 98 19 14

$5,000 to $7,499 ...................... 3 191 190 396 1 255 606 254 491 368 108 7 8

$7,500 to $9,999 ...................... 2 840 182 340 1 118 530 234 436 313 113 9 1

$10,000 to $12,499 .................... 4 341 279 490 1 798 796 361 616 502 87 20 7

$12,500 to $14,999 .................... 2 805 166 280 1 206 575 245 334 267 51 5 11

$15,000 to $17,499 .................... 4 155 157 364 1 867 797 375 595 456 97 21 21

$17,500 to $19,999 .................... 2 812 69 166 1 197 638 290 454 379 56 7 12

$20,000 to $22,499 .................... 4 282 95 233 1 690 938 464 863 681 141 23 17

$22,500 to $24,999 .................... 2 413 38 92 830 633 310 510 418 69 14 9

$25,000 to $29,999 .................... 5 671 46 161 1 981 1 347 614 1 522 1 209 274 23 16

$30,000 to $34,999 .................... 4 861 22 121 1 253 977 694 1 795 1 314 402 53 26

$35,000 to $39,999 .................... 3 458 7 51 737 745 463 1 455 953 413 53 36

$40,000 to $44,999 .................... 2 886 14 19 553 471 325 1 503 954 447 58 44

$45,000 to $49,999 .................... 1 892 12 13 315 308 222 1 023 597 355 44 26

$50,000 to $54,999 .................... 1 602 5 15 173 259 130 1 020 616 358 21 25

$55,000 to $64,999 .................... 1 748 6 8 168 251 129 1 187 655 403 54 74

$65,000 to $74,999 .................... 1 012 – 1 82 116 86 727 360 280 53 34

$75,000 to $84,999 .................... 568 – – 34 71 34 428 224 142 42 21

$85,000 to $99,999 .................... 378 – 6 20 63 20 269 180 54 24 12

$100,000 and over .................... 768 6 7 66 98 52 539 193 149 118 79

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 21 417 10 754 11 432 17 126 21 426 23 760 33 370 30 730 40 553 45 926 46 949

Standard error dollars ................ .. 110 287 236 144 224 483 494 225 410 2 026 3 133

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 25 818 12 561 14 349 19 306 23 955 25 978 37 880 33 779 42 552 60 856 61 136

Standard error dollars ................ .. 187 1 040 1 042 221 313 428 442 511 731 3 251 4 192

Gini ratio ............................... .420 .428 .450 .379 .387 .364 .376 .370 .331 .403 .403

Standard error ........................ .0051 .0407 .0420 .0083 .0108 .0147 .0092 .0108 .0173 .0473 .0568

Full~Time, Year~Round

Workers

Number of earnings recipients ............ 37 073 886 1 883 11 817 7 446 3 802 11 240 7 606 2 818 470 346 Median earnings dollars ................ .. 27 137 14 375 16 330 21 970 26 456 30 129 40 118 36 340 45 345 56 726 56 345 Standard error dollars ................ .. 116 429 294 151 214 416 293 322 614 2 719 2 855 Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 32 222 16 636 19 620 24 228 30 157 31 855 45 458 41 106 49 844 72 188 69 085 Standard error dollars ................ .. 238 605 1 605 278 398 545 538 629 817 4 159 4 812 Gini ratio ............................... .329 .288 .333 .270 .295 .281 .297 .285 .250 .348 .346 Standard error ........................ .0063 .0416 .0489 .0099 .0136 .0184 .0113 .0133 .0214 .0566 .0676

White

Total................................. 76 167 5 110 6 333 26 548 13 403 6 577 18 195 12 550 4 456 693 496

Without earnings ........................ 28 377 3 722 3 767 11 103 4 132 1 680 3 972 2 929 835 131 76

With earnings ........................... 47 791 1 388 2 566 15 444 9 271 4 897 14 223 9 621 3 621 562 420

$1 to $2,499 or loss.................... 3 177 168 283 1 154 660 245 668 507 135 18 8

$2,500 to $4,999 ...................... 2 322 151 244 872 419 213 423 295 96 19 13

$5,000 to $7,499 ...................... 2 606 143 284 1 034 510 222 412 307 91 6 8

$7,500 to $9,999 ...................... 2 345 151 241 944 439 186 384 279 96 9 1

$10,000 to $12,499 .................... 3 586 257 383 1 444 660 312 531 429 76 19 7

$12,500 to $14,999 .................... 2 189 141 207 949 446 207 237 189 37 5 7

$15,000 to $17,499 .................... 3 318 136 246 1 476 641 312 508 382 87 21 18

$17,500 to $19,999 .................... 2 279 55 119 975 508 232 390 327 48 4 12

$20,000 to $22,499 .................... 3 498 70 189 1 382 715 395 746 581 129 21 15

$22,500 to $24,999 .................... 1 947 22 64 689 489 261 423 354 59 7 3

$25,000 to $29,999 .................... 4 574 34 113 1 624 1 074 519 1 209 965 220 15 10 $30,000 to $34,999 .................... 4 013 22 93 1 052 798 578 1 469 1 072 337 39 22 $35,000 to $39,999 .................... 2 877 1 43 641 590 386 1 216 785 362 37 31 $40,000 to $44,999 .................... 2 378 14 19 481 349 278 1 237 784 366 51 35 $45,000 to $49,999 .................... 1 574 10 13 246 248 182 875 503 310 41 21 $50,000 to $54,999 .................... 1 312 5 8 148 214 106 832 490 317 11 14 $55,000 to $64,999 .................... 1 482 3 3 155 219 108 994 556 320 47 71 $65,000 to $74,999 .................... 837 – 1 68 99 68 601 301 240 36 24 $75,000 to $84,999 .................... 478 – – 24 58 32 363 189 115 40 19 $85,000 to $99,999 .................... 324 – 6 20 52 14 233 154 49 20 9 $100,000 and over .................... 674 6 7 66 83 40 472 170 132 95 74

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 21 482 10 793 11 507 17 244 21 235 23 689 33 359 30 637 40 374 45 714 50 339

Standard error dollars ................ .. 122 284 259 165 264 526 530 251 484 1 942 4 789

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 26 034 12 596 15 059 19 555 23 937 25 780 37 817 33 805 42 212 58 553 64 080

Standard error dollars ................ .. 215 1 239 1 406 259 365 452 493 591 757 3 237 4 864

Gini ratio ............................... .424 .429 .468 .385 .396 .364 .381 .377 .335 .412 .403

Standard error ........................ .0057 .0469 .0552 .0093 .0121 .0160 .0100 .0119 .0187 .0513 .0620

Full~Time, Year~Round

Workers

Number of earnings recipients ............ 29 777 732 1 348 9 600 5 815 3 108 9 173 6 162 2 361 365 285

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 27 600 13 841 16 650 22 247 26 850 30 302 40 419 36 672 45 772 59 223 58 577

Standard error dollars ................ .. 228 468 376 164 252 320 254 370 590 3 904 2 334

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 32 851 16 268 20 720 24 704 30 810 32 053 46 049 41 687 50 410 71 216 72 027

Standard error dollars ................ .. 279 687 2 226 331 479 583 617 745 920 4 107 5 575

Gini ratio ............................... .330 .291 .354 .271 .301 .278 .298 .287 .253 .339 .345

Standard error ........................ .0071 .0465 .0653 .0111 .0156 .0203 .0125 .0149 .0236 .0628 .0740

Income 43

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 10. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 25 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Work Experience in 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 25 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

FEMALEmCon.

Black

Total................................. 11 157 696 1 726 3 791 2 238 848 1 858 1 263 502 59 35 Without earnings ........................ 3 489 554 938 1 152 438 138 269 177 87 – 4 With earnings ........................... 7 668 142 788 2 638 1 800 710 1 589 1 085 415 59 31 $1 to $2,499 or loss.................... 433 38 100 155 68 32 40 36 4 – – $2,500 to $4,999 ...................... 333 7 74 153 73 14 12 9 1 – 2 $5,000 to $7,499 ...................... 430 24 103 183 64 19 37 29 8 – – $7,500 to $9,999 ...................... 367 17 86 132 77 38 18 12 6 – – $10,000 to $12,499 .................... 563 16 94 270 97 43 43 34 9 – – $12,500 to $14,999 .................... 491 5 68 231 105 33 49 40 8 – – $15,000 to $17,499 .................... 638 10 99 312 124 45 48 45 3 – – $17,500 to $19,999 .................... 410 4 36 173 111 40 46 38 8 – – $20,000 to $22,499 .................... 566 7 30 240 167 53 69 61 5 – 2 $22,500 to $24,999 .................... 387 8 24 111 139 44 61 44 10 7 –

$25,000 to $29,999 .................... 829 2 35 290 245 74 182 128 43 9 2 $30,000 to $34,999 .................... 641 – 20 173 149 92 207 153 45 7 3 $35,000 to $39,999 .................... 420 2 8 81 135 54 141 92 37 9 3 $40,000 to $44,999 .................... 348 – – 37 99 29 182 119 56 – 6 $45,000 to $49,999 .................... 229 – – 55 36 31 106 68 36 2 – $50,000 to $54,999 .................... 184 – 7 21 37 22 97 66 21 7 3 $55,000 to $64,999 .................... 171 2 5 8 24 15 118 47 63 7 – $65,000 to $74,999 .................... 93 – – 10 11 14 58 23 24 5 6 $75,000 to $84,999 .................... 41 – – 4 13 2 22 7 13 2 – $85,000 to $99,999 .................... 30 – – – 9 6 15 12 3 – – $100,000 and over .................... 62 – – – 15 10 37 21 10 4 3

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 20 742 7 740 10 829 16 571 22 737 24 681 33 955 31 461 41 448 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 324 1 302 628 345 605 1 186 1 504 605 1 409 (B) (B)

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 23 896 10 180 12 111 17 936 24 449 27 889 38 448 34 250 44 903 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 426 1 405 575 378 654 1 542 1 436 1 205 3 317 (B) (B)

Gini ratio ............................... .390 .484 .392 .337 .334 .366 .327 .315 .295 (B) (B)

Standard error ........................ .0144 .1090 .0451 .0229 .0277 .0489 .0332 .0370 .0634 (B) (B)

Full~Time, Year~Round

Workers

Number of earnings recipients ............ 5 453 61 446 1 778 1 372 542 1 254 866 307 57 25 Median earnings dollars ................ .. 25 082 (B) 15 396 20 609 25 209 27 198 36 591 34 692 41 780 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 336 (B) 538 457 481 1 844 758 1 598 1 590 (B) (B)

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 28 266 (B) 16 686 22 049 27 696 30 806 41 252 38 193 44 355 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 478 (B) 774 430 707 1 759 1 435 1 367 1 912 (B) (B)

Gini ratio ............................... .308 (B) .270 .251 .268 .306 .277 .275 .230 (B) (B)

Standard error ........................ .0168 (B) .0593 .0277 .0318 .0572 .0362 .0424 .0640 (B) (B)

Hispanic Origin1

Total................................. 8 785 2 405 1 329 2 421 1 222 481 927 638 197 59 33

Without earnings ........................ 3 548 1 441 628 851 301 116 210 143 37 17 13

With earnings ........................... 5 237 964 701 1 570 920 365 717 495 159 42 21

$1 to $2,499 or loss.................... 360 103 71 112 41 13 19 15 2 1 1

$2,500 to $4,999 ...................... 313 105 55 86 35 16 16 9 – 4 4

$5,000 to $7,499 ...................... 429 126 94 111 66 14 18 16 2 – –

$7,500 to $9,999 ...................... 379 103 72 115 43 13 34 27 5 2 –

$10,000 to $12,499 .................... 639 193 134 163 75 39 35 31 2 – 2

$12,500 to $14,999 .................... 383 104 60 133 52 16 17 14 2 – 1

$15,000 to $17,499 .................... 530 101 88 189 80 30 41 30 5 6 –

$17,500 to $19,999 .................... 283 30 35 110 69 23 15 11 3 – 1

$20,000 to $22,499 .................... 365 44 32 130 82 42 36 31 3 – 1

$22,500 to $24,999 .................... 184 11 14 70 48 17 24 20 4 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 .................... 374 15 18 132 106 33 70 57 13 – –

$30,000 to $34,999 .................... 293 10 12 86 63 35 87 56 27 3 1

$35,000 to $39,999 .................... 179 1 6 39 56 21 57 41 14 2 –

$40,000 to $44,999 .................... 166 6 5 44 44 14 55 42 12 – 1

$45,000 to $49,999 .................... 103 3 – 20 26 14 41 23 16 2 –

$50,000 to $54,999 .................... 73 1 2 10 17 9 34 16 13 4 –

$55,000 to $64,999 .................... 86 2 – 4 14 8 58 34 14 3 8

$65,000 to $74,999 .................... 30 – – 3 – 2 24 10 12 3 –

$75,000 to $84,999 .................... 19 – – 1 4 – 14 4 4 6 –

$85,000 to $99,999 .................... 11 –12–18224 –

$100,000 and over .................... 35 6 2 9 1 4 13 6 4 4 –

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 15 544 10 591 11 092 15 856 19 990 21 026 31 243 27 490 36 953 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 286 338 414 439 847 956 902 1 916 3 838 (B) (B)

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 19 828 12 434 15 159 17 924 21 607 24 125 34 030 30 217 41 118 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 711 1 870 3 664 671 934 1 805 1 475 1 554 2 913 (B) (B)

Gini ratio ............................... .431 .433 .492 .378 .344 .379 .354 .350 .280 (B) (B)

Standard error ........................ .0204 .0732 .1814 .0328 .0372 .0712 .0438 .0527 .0898 (B) (B)

Full~Time, Year~Round

Workers

Number of earnings recipients ............ 3 307 526 392 1 018 620 251 501 349 115 29 8

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 20 242 13 375 14 555 19 923 24 236 24 744 35 461 31 996 43 718 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 421 581 846 665 1 092 2 046 1 450 1 709 4 658 (B) (B)

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 24 403 15 269 17 344 22 220 26 612 28 229 39 310 34 890 46 591 (B) (B)

Standard error dollars ................ .. 700 885 3 963 744 1 179 2 222 1 772 1 846 3 272 (B) (B)

Gini ratio ............................... .332 .277 .335 .276 .261 .313 .297 .292 .248 (B) (B)

Standard error ........................ .0225 .0625 .1583 .0374 .0453 .0975 .0535 .0641 .1093 (B) (B)

44 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 10. Educational AttainmentmTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 25 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Work Experience in 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 25 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Educational attainment

High school College

Bachelor’s degree or more

Total

Less than

9th grade

9th to

12th grade

(no

diploma)

High school

graduate

(includes

equiv~

alency)

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Profes~

sional

degree

Doctorate

degree

FEMALEmCon.

Non~Hispanic White

Total................................. 67 807 2 789 5 076 24 244 12 255 6 123 17 319 11 950 4 269 636 464 Without earnings ........................ 24 970 2 335 3 168 10 278 3 843 1 572 3 773 2 793 800 114 65 With earnings ........................... 42 837 454 1 908 13 966 8 412 4 552 13 546 9 157 3 468 521 399 $1 to $2,499 or loss.................... 2 827 67 215 1 044 619 232 650 493 133 17 7 $2,500 to $4,999 ...................... 2 020 46 190 790 390 198 407 286 96 16 9 $5,000 to $7,499 ...................... 2 207 26 198 934 446 208 395 293 88 6 8 $7,500 to $9,999 ...................... 1 983 49 173 837 397 176 351 253 90 7 1 $10,000 to $12,499 .................... 2 976 71 257 1 287 586 275 499 401 74 19 5 $12,500 to $14,999 .................... 1 823 37 151 824 398 192 220 175 35 5 6 $15,000 to $17,499 .................... 2 826 38 169 1 297 570 283 469 354 82 16 18 $17,500 to $19,999 .................... 2 021 27 86 873 449 212 375 316 45 4 10 $20,000 to $22,499 .................... 3 151 28 157 1 261 637 354 714 553 126 21 13 $22,500 to $24,999 .................... 1 771 14 50 624 441 243 399 334 55 7 3

$25,000 to $29,999 .................... 4 222 19 97 1 500 973 486 1 148 915 209 15 10 $30,000 to $34,999 .................... 3 733 11 83 969 743 543 1 384 1 017 310 37 20 $35,000 to $39,999 .................... 2 709 – 36 604 538 368 1 162 748 348 35 31 $40,000 to $44,999 .................... 2 220 8 14 439 307 266 1 185 746 354 51 34 $45,000 to $49,999 .................... 1 477 7 13 227 224 171 834 480 293 39 21 $50,000 to $54,999 .................... 1 246 3 6 140 198 97 802 476 304 8 14 $55,000 to $64,999 .................... 1 401 3 3 151 205 102 937 522 308 44 63 $65,000 to $74,999 .................... 809 – 1 66 99 65 577 291 229 33 24 $75,000 to $84,999 .................... 459 – – 23 54 32 350 185 111 34 19 $85,000 to $99,999 .................... 315 – 4 19 52 13 227 154 47 16 9 $100,000 and over .................... 642 – 5 57 82 36 462 165 132 91 74

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 22 170 11 386 11 725 17 441 21 372 23 997 33 580 30 710 40 433 45 513 50 965 Standard error dollars ................ .. 129 588 333 207 282 543 547 258 463 2 088 4 879 Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 26 758 13 115 14 948 19 731 24 176 25 901 38 016 33 981 42 326 58 916 65 812 Standard error dollars ................ .. 225 810 1 412 278 391 468 513 617 783 3 398 5 061 Gini ratio ............................... .420 .417 .453 .385 .400 .362 .384 .378 .336 .405 .399 Standard error ........................ .0059 .0551 .0487 .0097 .0128 .0164 .0103 .0123 .0191 .0534 .0635

Full~Time, Year~Round

Workers

Number of earnings recipients ............ 26 653 219 980 8 644 5 240 2 871 8 699 5 833 2 251 338 277

Median earnings dollars ................ .. 28 998 16 928 17 819 22 469 27 136 30 547 40 595 36 909 45 914 59 098 59 010

Standard error dollars ................ .. 274 2 056 735 240 269 320 258 386 620 4 025 2 401

Mean earnings dollars .................. .. 33 855 19 198 21 908 24 986 31 260 32 369 46 437 42 066 50 700 71 652 73 080

Standard error dollars ................ .. 300 1 196 2 678 358 515 605 643 780 955 4 323 5 690

Gini ratio ............................... .326 .300 .351 .270 .304 .274 .297 .286 .255 .337 .341

Standard error ........................ .0075 .0761 .0727 .0118 .0166 .0209 .0129 .0153 .0243 .0655 .0749

Income 45

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 11. Work Experience in 1999mTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Worked

Worked at full~time jobs Worked at part~time jobs

Total Total Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or less Total50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or lessDid not work

MALE

All Races

Total ........................................ 103 114 78 498 68 393 57 530 6 401 4 462 10 104 4 333 2 090 3 681 24 616 Without earnings................................ 24 654 38 25 19 – 6 12 11 – 1 24 616 With earnings .................................. 78 460 78 460 68 368 57 511 6 401 4 456 10 092 4 322 2 090 3 680 – $1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 4 955 4 955 1 735 641 131 963 3 220 438 393 2 389 – $2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 3 112 3 112 1 386 181 196 1 008 1 726 575 443 707 – $5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 3 047 3 047 1 602 487 390 725 1 445 771 438 236 – $7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 2 305 2 305 1 492 672 474 345 814 520 198 96 – $10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 3 662 3 662 2 835 1 877 624 334 827 595 183 50 – $12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 2 331 2 331 2 050 1 508 360 181 281 182 64 35 – $15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 4 042 4 042 3 592 2 822 600 170 450 292 111 47 – $17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 2 615 2 615 2 457 2 027 329 101 158 85 57 16 – $20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 4 291 4 291 4 052 3 485 435 132 239 171 45 22 – $22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 2 445 2 445 2 336 2 026 253 58 109 83 27 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 6 239 6 239 6 055 5 360 547 148 184 123 51 10 – $30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 6 238 6 238 6 103 5 633 415 55 136 96 24 16 – $35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 5 264 5 264 5 171 4 819 321 31 93 79 2 12 – $40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 5 029 5 029 4 939 4 558 330 52 90 72 12 6 – $45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 3 421 3 421 3 385 3 255 114 17 36 31 2 3 – $50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 3 649 3 649 3 608 3 412 162 34 41 22 6 13 – $55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 4 745 4 745 4 698 4 464 213 21 47 37 10 – – $65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 2 952 2 952 2 926 2 790 116 19 27 17 4 6 – $75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 2 404 2 404 2 339 2 203 125 10 65 46 11 8 – $85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 1 431 1 431 1 407 1 333 60 13 24 18 6 – – $100,000 and over ............................ 4 284 4 284 4 201 3 958 205 38 82 68 3 11 –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 30 104 30 104 32 829 36 476 20 551 5 884 5 174 9 310 6 193 1 926 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 132 132 294 136 360 180 136 248 204 50 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 39 202 39 202 43 508 47 532 29 596 11 562 10 031 15 709 9 208 3 831 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 302 302 335 377 782 774 342 710 395 285 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .468 .468 .424 .391 .460 .599 .613 .547 .503 .619 (B)

Standard error................................ .0049 .0049 .0052 .0056 .0182 .0290 .0173 .0265 .0322 .0351 (B)

White

Total ........................................ 86 443 66 800 58 237 49 160 5 468 3 609 8 563 3 685 1 837 3 041 19 643

Without earnings................................ 19 681 38 25 19 – 6 12 11 – 1 19 643

With earnings .................................. 66 762 66 762 58 212 49 140 5 468 3 603 8 550 3 674 1 837 3 040 –

$1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 4 157 4 157 1 433 567 113 753 2 723 400 345 1 979 –

$2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 2 557 2 557 1 135 155 169 812 1 422 443 388 590 –

$5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 2 585 2 585 1 366 411 346 609 1 220 658 379 182 – $7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 1 868 1 868 1 159 522 382 255 709 454 179 75 – $10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 3 001 3 001 2 296 1 488 520 287 705 504 168 33 – $12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 1 857 1 857 1 636 1 215 284 137 221 141 45 35 – $15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 3 283 3 283 2 901 2 262 498 141 382 238 97 47 – $17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 2 185 2 185 2 050 1 660 294 96 135 72 57 6 – $20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 3 421 3 421 3 215 2 751 364 100 206 144 40 22 – $22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 2 049 2 049 1 944 1 670 223 51 105 78 27 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 5 244 5 244 5 077 4 497 464 116 166 114 44 8 – $30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 5 253 5 253 5 129 4 723 357 49 123 95 15 13 – $35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 4 517 4 517 4 443 4 120 295 28 74 60 2 12 – $40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 4 385 4 385 4 315 3 988 288 39 70 53 12 6 – $45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 3 024 3 024 2 990 2 877 102 11 34 29 2 3 – $50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 3 236 3 236 3 205 3 037 136 31 31 21 6 5 – $55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 4 192 4 192 4 149 3 947 188 15 44 34 10 – – $65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 2 609 2 609 2 582 2 473 95 14 27 17 4 6 – $75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 2 166 2 166 2 107 1 982 114 10 59 40 11 8 – $85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 1 282 1 282 1 266 1 205 47 13 16 15 1 – – $100,000 and over ............................ 3 893 3 893 3 812 3 589 188 35 81 67 3 11 –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 30 793 30 793 34 612 37 248 20 876 5 972 5 267 9 349 6 219 1 921 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 137 137 310 147 398 193 148 262 221 55 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 40 502 40 502 44 931 48 962 30 421 11 981 10 347 16 231 9 184 3 937 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 341 341 378 425 895 930 393 820 415 335 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .469 .469 .425 .390 .466 .605 .619 .557 .502 .630 (B)

Standard error................................ .0053 .0053 .0056 .0061 .0200 .0329 .0191 .0290 .0337 .0400 (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

46 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 11. Work Experience in 1999mTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Worked

Worked at full~time jobs Worked at part~time jobs

Total Total Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or less Total50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or lessDid not work

MALEmCon.

Black

Total ........................................ 11 687 8 007 6 911 5 642 651 618 1 097 452 181 463 3 680

Without earnings................................ 3 680 – – – – – – – – – 3 680

With earnings .................................. 8 007 8 007 6 911 5 642 651 618 1 097 452 181 463 –

$1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 576 576 213 45 16 152 363 24 45 294 –

$2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 402 402 177 21 20 136 226 99 44 83 –

$5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 329 329 179 57 27 94 151 81 28 42 –

$7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 347 347 268 114 82 72 78 51 13 15 –

$10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 435 435 350 267 58 24 85 60 10 14 –

$12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 329 329 281 195 53 33 48 30 18 – –

$15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 568 568 529 423 85 22 39 32 7 – –

$17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 328 328 307 273 29 5 21 13 – 8 –

$20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 626 626 617 553 40 24 9 3 5 – –

$22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 281 281 276 254 22 – 4 4 – – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 709 709 699 613 65 21 10 10 1 – –

$30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 710 710 701 649 47 4 9 – 6 3 –

$35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 503 503 486 463 20 3 17 16 – – –

$40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 489 489 470 422 36 12 19 19 – – –

$45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 246 246 244 233 7 4 2 2 – – –

$50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 265 265 262 249 11 3 3 – – 3 –

$55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 329 329 329 316 7 6 – – – – –

$65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 186 186 186 171 15 – – – – – –

$75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 126 126 122 119 3 – 4 4 – – –

$85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 82 82 74 71 3 – 8 3 5 – –

$100,000 and over ............................ 141 141 140 133 5 2 1 1 – – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 23 060 23 060 26 416 30 026 17 046 5 564 4 551 8 632 5 146 1 968 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 639 639 383 520 803 551 308 878 860 153 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 28 168 28 168 31 341 34 827 21 893 9 464 8 168 12 873 9 176 3 182 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 502 502 547 620 1 095 923 635 1 165 1 778 450 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .423 .423 .376 .335 .370 .553 .576 .485 .552 .527 (B)

Standard error................................ .0143 .0143 .0155 .0172 .0483 .0618 .0514 .0773 .1406 .1086 (B)

Hispanic Origin1

Total ........................................ 11 327 8 920 8 008 6 476 918 615 911 448 138 325 2 408 Without earnings................................ 2 412 4 – – – – 4 3 – 1 2 408 With earnings .................................. 8 915 8 915 8 008 6 476 918 615 907 444 138 324 – $1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 457 457 221 62 14 145 236 35 10 190 – $2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 358 358 208 25 39 144 150 37 32 81 – $5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 458 458 299 96 88 115 159 95 31 34 – $7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 405 405 323 160 109 55 82 63 13 6 –

$10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 850 850 744 527 167 49 107 81 25 1 –

$12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 601 601 567 473 71 23 34 23 10 1 –

$15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 918 918 866 735 110 22 52 42 4 5 –

$17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 560 560 545 476 63 6 15 10 3 2 –

$20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 716 716 692 627 59 6 24 21 2 1 –

$22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 363 363 356 314 37 5 6 4 3 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 771 771 760 695 49 16 11 7 4 – –

$30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 598 598 588 552 27 9 10 8 1 1 –

$35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 442 442 437 405 32 – 6 6 – – –

$40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 358 358 357 338 17 2 1 – – 1 –

$45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 242 242 238 232 7 – 3 3 – – –

$50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 201 201 199 192 3 3 2 2 – – –

$55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 227 227 223 211 9 4 3 3 – – –

$65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 151 151 148 144 1 3 3 1 2 – –

$75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 101 101 99 91 8 – 1 1 – – –

$85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 39 39 37 32 3 1 2 2 – – –

$100,000 and over ............................ 101 101 100 89 5 7 – – – – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 19 330 19 330 20 831 22 957 13 940 5 395 6 067 9 685 7 271 2 129 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 353 353 271 517 892 447 397 659 1 223 198 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 24 505 24 505 26 329 29 203 17 450 9 313 8 398 12 023 9 737 2 860 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 518 518 563 663 844 1 061 582 938 1 538 374 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .413 .413 .387 .350 .367 .571 .496 .405 .396 .469 (B)

Standard error................................ .0146 .0146 .0155 .0172 .0450 .0756 .0526 .0718 .1312 .1112 (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 47

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 11. Work Experience in 1999mTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Worked

Worked at full~time jobs Worked at part~time jobs

Total Total Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or less Total50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or lessDid not work

MALEmCon.

Non~Hispanic White

Total ........................................ 75 692 58 319 50 609 42 993 4 597 3 020 7 710 3 268 1 703 2 739 17 372

Without earnings................................ 17 405 33 25 19 – 6 8 8 – – 17 372

With earnings .................................. 58 286 58 286 50 584 42 973 4 597 3 014 7 702 3 260 1 703 2 739 –

$1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 3 731 3 731 1 226 509 103 614 2 505 366 335 1 804 –

$2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 2 218 2 218 932 130 134 669 1 286 410 361 514 –

$5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 2 149 2 149 1 079 320 258 501 1 070 573 349 148 –

$7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 1 480 1 480 850 372 275 202 631 394 167 69 –

$10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 2 189 2 189 1 585 980 364 241 604 429 144 32 –

$12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 1 290 1 290 1 103 767 221 114 188 118 35 34 –

$15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 2 400 2 400 2 066 1 553 391 122 334 200 93 42 –

$17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 1 651 1 651 1 528 1 201 236 90 124 64 54 6 –

$20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 2 741 2 741 2 559 2 156 308 94 182 123 38 21 –

$22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 1 703 1 703 1 604 1 372 187 45 99 75 24 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 4 506 4 506 4 351 3 831 419 101 155 107 40 8 –

$30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 4 679 4 679 4 566 4 194 330 41 113 87 14 12 –

$35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 4 092 4 092 4 024 3 733 263 28 68 54 2 12 –

$40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 4 043 4 043 3 973 3 664 272 37 69 53 12 5 –

$45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 2 803 2 803 2 773 2 666 95 11 31 26 2 3 –

$50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 3 045 3 045 3 016 2 855 133 28 29 18 6 5 –

$55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 3 987 3 987 3 947 3 757 179 11 40 30 10 – –

$65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 2 467 2 467 2 444 2 339 93 12 23 15 2 6 –

$75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 2 068 2 068 2 011 1 894 107 10 57 39 11 8 –

$85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 1 247 1 247 1 233 1 177 44 12 14 13 1 – –

$100,000 and over ............................ 3 796 3 796 3 716 3 503 183 29 80 67 3 11 –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 32 363 32 363 36 608 40 324 22 608 6 119 5 141 9 281 6 115 1 898 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 150 150 154 143 591 215 159 284 232 57 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 42 828 42 828 47 744 51 808 32 840 12 539 10 543 16 734 9 125 4 057 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 381 381 424 473 1 044 1 094 432 915 432 369 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .465 .465 .416 .383 .466 .609 .628 .569 .508 .643 (B)

Standard error................................ .0056 .0056 .0060 .0065 .0217 .0367 .0203 .0309 .0351 .0430 (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

48 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 11. Work Experience in 1999mTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Worked

Worked at full~time jobs Worked at part~time jobs

Total Total Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or less Total50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or lessDid not work

FEMALE

All Races

Total ........................................ 110 660 70 485 50 765 40 421 5 892 4 451 19 720 9 433 4 289 5 998 40 174 Without earnings................................ 40 272 98 25 18 4 3 73 42 3 29 40 174 With earnings .................................. 70 387 70 387 50 740 40 404 5 889 4 448 19 647 9 391 4 287 5 969 – $1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 6 926 6 926 1 743 466 143 1 134 5 183 713 625 3 845 – $2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 4 877 4 877 1 678 296 231 1 151 3 199 1 048 936 1 215 – $5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 4 739 4 739 1 787 565 468 754 2 952 1 618 905 430 – $7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 3 780 3 780 1 870 971 555 343 1 911 1 191 537 182 – $10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 5 491 5 491 3 601 2 515 748 337 1 890 1 370 414 106 – $12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 3 352 3 352 2 568 2 022 448 99 784 563 196 25 – $15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 4 894 4 894 3 935 3 225 510 200 959 713 185 61 – $17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 3 187 3 187 2 732 2 414 268 51 455 342 99 14 – $20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 4 811 4 811 4 266 3 761 394 111 545 462 78 6 – $22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 2 617 2 617 2 390 2 137 211 42 227 192 25 10 –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 6 063 6 063 5 580 5 038 463 79 483 360 108 15 – $30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 5 084 5 084 4 761 4 372 333 55 324 233 68 23 – $35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 3 564 3 564 3 388 3 123 228 37 176 132 32 12 – $40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 2 942 2 942 2 783 2 528 240 15 159 131 28 – – $45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 1 925 1 925 1 866 1 702 146 17 59 42 11 7 – $50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 1 620 1 620 1 518 1 336 172 9 102 94 4 4 – $55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 1 763 1 763 1 653 1 513 138 2 109 85 15 9 – $65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 1 016 1 016 980 908 65 7 36 26 10 – – $75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 574 574 555 514 41 – 19 16 – 3 – $85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 378 378 358 338 20 – 20 20 – – – $100,000 and over ............................ 783 783 729 660 65 3 55 40 11 4 –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 18 389 18 389 23 745 26 324 16 720 4 867 6 221 10 230 6 608 1 941 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 163 163 185 114 295 113 93 139 142 39 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 22 960 22 960 28 170 31 116 23 555 7 519 9 506 13 663 9 372 3 063 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 161 161 204 222 758 218 160 265 339 128 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .455 .455 .380 .334 .435 .509 .532 .441 .473 .534 (B)

Standard error................................ .0046 .0046 .0055 .0061 .0189 .0203 .0097 .0137 .0232 .0364 (B)

White

Total ........................................ 91 138 57 851 40 715 32 557 4 710 3 447 17 136 8 272 3 772 5 092 33 288

Without earnings................................ 33 366 78 22 15 4 3 56 28 3 26 33 288

With earnings .................................. 57 773 57 773 40 693 32 542 4 707 3 444 17 080 8 244 3 769 5 067 –

$1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 5 754 5 754 1 337 371 122 844 4 417 626 535 3 256 –

$2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 4 091 4 091 1 331 235 183 913 2 760 878 843 1 039 –

$5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 3 877 3 877 1 366 436 354 576 2 510 1 370 782 358 – $7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 3 066 3 066 1 418 730 406 282 1 647 1 022 471 155 – $10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 4 534 4 534 2 881 2 011 601 269 1 653 1 212 349 92 – $12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 2 658 2 658 1 978 1 541 360 78 679 493 165 22 – $15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 3 937 3 937 3 084 2 542 396 145 854 634 170 50 – $17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 2 604 2 604 2 176 1 919 209 47 429 328 90 11 – $20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 3 904 3 904 3 408 2 992 324 91 496 427 63 6 – $22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 2 114 2 114 1 902 1 689 177 36 212 177 25 10 –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 4 893 4 893 4 449 4 040 375 34 444 325 103 15 – $30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 4 199 4 199 3 890 3 560 287 43 309 223 68 18 – $35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 2 964 2 964 2 800 2 579 186 34 165 121 32 12 – $40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 2 427 2 427 2 285 2 077 192 15 143 115 27 – – $45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 1 600 1 600 1 540 1 398 125 17 59 42 11 7 – $50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 1 324 1 324 1 227 1 078 141 8 97 90 4 3 – $55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 1 495 1 495 1 404 1 293 111 – 91 73 11 7 – $65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 841 841 813 755 50 7 29 19 10 – – $75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 481 481 465 425 40 – 16 13 – 3 – $85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 324 324 307 289 18 – 17 17 – – – $100,000 and over ............................ 685 685 631 579 48 3 54 40 11 4 –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 18 431 18 431 24 296 26 663 17 063 4 904 6 357 10 467 6 620 1 945 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 181 181 208 130 339 134 102 147 154 43 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 23 127 23 127 28 731 31 665 23 873 7 646 9 776 13 968 9 592 3 090 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 185 185 238 259 883 259 178 292 380 144 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .459 .459 .380 .335 .433 .510 .533 .440 .479 .537 (B)

Standard error................................ .0052 .0052 .0061 .0068 .0212 .0231 .0104 .0146 .0253 .0385 (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 49

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 11. Work Experience in 1999mTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Worked

Worked at full~time jobs Worked at part~time jobs

Total Total Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or less Total50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or lessDid not work

FEMALEmCon.

Black

Total ........................................ 14 167 9 334 7 508 5 899 879 730 1 826 801 385 641 4 833

Without earnings................................ 4 839 6 – – – – 6 3 – 3 4 833

With earnings .................................. 9 328 9 328 7 508 5 899 879 730 1 820 797 385 637 –

$1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 849 849 287 64 10 213 562 74 65 423 –

$2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 598 598 286 52 37 197 312 123 72 117 –

$5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 654 654 324 106 101 118 329 177 94 59 –

$7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 550 550 355 198 115 42 194 124 52 18 –

$10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 729 729 550 385 110 55 179 115 52 12 –

$12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 540 540 468 388 71 10 72 52 20 – –

$15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 715 715 657 532 85 40 57 46 11 – –

$17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 446 446 426 386 37 2 20 9 8 3 –

$20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 657 657 641 581 50 10 16 10 5 – –

$22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 415 415 402 373 27 2 13 13 – – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 887 887 867 769 64 34 20 18 2 – –

$30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 676 676 665 630 29 6 11 7 – 4 –

$35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 436 436 432 398 31 3 4 4 – – –

$40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 352 352 346 310 36 – 6 6 – – –

$45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 235 235 235 216 19 – – – – – –

$50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 190 190 186 171 15 – 3 3 – – –

$55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 171 171 157 140 17 – 15 8 4 2 –

$65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 93 93 91 78 12 – 2 2 – – –

$75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 44 44 44 44 – – – – – – –

$85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 30 30 27 27 – – 3 3 – – –

$100,000 and over ............................ 62 62 62 51 11 – – – – – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 17 671 17 671 21 562 24 229 14 810 4 435 5 270 7 994 6 475 1 884 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 401 401 283 432 821 288 272 476 438 125 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 21 292 21 292 24 729 27 509 21 179 6 538 7 113 10 340 7 591 2 788 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 370 370 426 450 1 698 427 347 628 602 305 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .427 .427 .366 .312 .441 .486 .508 .427 .406 .506 (B)

Standard error................................ .0129 .0129 .0145 .0161 .0546 .0518 .0377 .0550 .0723 .0873 (B)

Hispanic Origin1

Total ........................................ 11 466 6 565 4 990 3 770 588 633 1 574 786 283 506 4 901 Without earnings................................ 4 907 6 – – – – 6 5 1 – 4 901 With earnings .................................. 6 558 6 558 4 990 3 770 588 633 1 568 781 282 506 – $1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 675 675 255 50 12 193 420 53 38 330 – $2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 481 481 228 43 34 151 253 92 66 96 – $5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 585 585 299 74 82 143 286 187 64 36 – $7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 495 495 294 170 75 48 202 142 48 11 –

$10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 809 809 655 526 92 37 154 117 27 10 –

$12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 464 464 406 332 55 19 58 46 5 7 –

$15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 618 618 544 479 50 14 74 58 7 9 –

$17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 342 342 313 276 32 5 29 21 7 2 –

$20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 419 419 395 342 50 3 24 20 4 – –

$22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 210 210 201 190 8 3 8 4 4 – –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 421 421 400 364 32 4 21 17 4 – –

$30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 308 308 288 267 18 3 20 13 5 2 –

$35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 188 188 185 181 3 1 4 1 2 – –

$40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 173 173 169 155 10 4 4 4 – – –

$45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 106 106 103 97 6 – 3 3 – – –

$50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 76 76 75 71 4 – 1 1 – – –

$55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 87 87 87 71 16 – – – – – –

$65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 30 30 29 27 1 – 1 – 1 – –

$75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 21 21 21 18 2 – – – – – –

$85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 11 11 10 10 – – 1 1 – – –

$100,000 and over ............................ 38 38 35 26 5 3 4 – – 4 –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 13 762 13 762 16 652 19 411 12 472 4 537 5 969 8 539 6 476 1 918 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 365 365 272 467 730 349 290 411 553 143 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 17 843 17 843 21 020 23 511 20 725 6 456 7 732 10 037 8 204 3 908 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 582 582 737 625 4 583 825 432 474 754 977 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .451 .451 .402 .332 .517 .526 .485 .356 .432 .631 (B)

Standard error................................ .0180 .0180 .0206 .0212 .1283 .0927 .0375 .0481 .0834 .1368 (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

50 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 11. Work Experience in 1999mTotal Money Earnings in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and

Over by Race, Hispanic Origin, and SexmCon.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Total money earnings

Worked

Worked at full~time jobs Worked at part~time jobs

Total Total Total

50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or less Total50 weeks

or more

27 to 49

weeks

26 weeks or lessDid not work

FEMALEmCon.

Non~Hispanic White

Total ........................................ 80 228 51 646 35 994 28 985 4 160 2 848 15 652 7 530 3 505 4 617 28 582

Without earnings................................ 28 654 72 22 15 4 3 50 23 1 26 28 582

With earnings .................................. 51 574 51 574 35 972 28 970 4 157 2 845 15 602 7 507 3 504 4 591 –

$1 to $2,499 or loss ........................... 5 109 5 109 1 086 324 110 652 4 022 576 503 2 943 –

$2,500 to $4,999 ............................. 3 628 3 628 1 110 192 153 765 2 518 789 781 947 –

$5,000 to $7,499 ............................. 3 330 3 330 1 092 363 278 452 2 238 1 194 720 325 –

$7,500 to $9,999 ............................. 2 601 2 601 1 142 565 341 237 1 459 887 426 146 –

$10,000 to $12,499 ........................... 3 764 3 764 2 249 1 502 511 236 1 515 1 109 323 83 –

$12,500 to $14,999 ........................... 2 215 2 215 1 588 1 223 306 60 627 449 159 18 –

$15,000 to $17,499 ........................... 3 362 3 362 2 580 2 098 348 134 782 577 164 41 –

$17,500 to $19,999 ........................... 2 291 2 291 1 890 1 667 181 42 401 308 83 10 –

$20,000 to $22,499 ........................... 3 505 3 505 3 031 2 666 277 88 474 408 60 6 –

$22,500 to $24,999 ........................... 1 916 1 916 1 712 1 510 169 33 204 173 21 10 –

$25,000 to $29,999 ........................... 4 496 4 496 4 073 3 695 348 30 422 308 100 15 –

$30,000 to $34,999 ........................... 3 903 3 903 3 614 3 304 271 39 289 210 63 16 –

$35,000 to $39,999 ........................... 2 788 2 788 2 626 2 410 184 33 161 120 29 12 –

$40,000 to $44,999 ........................... 2 263 2 263 2 124 1 930 183 11 139 111 27 – –

$45,000 to $49,999 ........................... 1 500 1 500 1 443 1 307 119 17 56 39 11 7 –

$50,000 to $54,999 ........................... 1 255 1 255 1 159 1 014 137 8 96 89 4 3 –

$55,000 to $64,999 ........................... 1 413 1 413 1 322 1 228 95 – 90 72 11 7 –

$65,000 to $74,999 ........................... 814 814 786 730 49 7 28 19 9 – –

$75,000 to $84,999 ........................... 460 460 445 407 38 – 16 13 – 3 –

$85,000 to $99,999 ........................... 315 315 299 280 18 – 16 16 – – –

$100,000 and over ............................ 649 649 599 555 43 – 50 40 11 – –

Median earnings dollars ........................ .. 19 441 19 441 25 471 27 419 17 950 5 031 6 409 10 694 6 626 1 950 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 194 194 139 163 639 190 109 153 161 45 (B)

Mean earnings dollars ......................... .. 23 764 23 764 29 750 32 686 24 238 7 910 9 964 14 349 9 685 3 007 (B)

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 195 195 251 280 795 262 191 317 404 123 (B)

Gini ratio....................................... .457 .457 .373 .331 .419 .499 .536 .444 .483 .523 (B)

Standard error................................ .0054 .0054 .0065 .0072 .0207 .0258 .0108 .0154 .0266 .0327 (B)

1Hispanics may be of any race.

Income 51

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Source of Income in 1999mNumber With Income and Mean Income of Specified

Type in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and Over by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1 Non~Hispanic White

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

TOTAL, 15 YEARS AND OVER

Total 195 636 ........................... 29 675 164 355 30 605 22 499 22 722 18 793 20 284 146 523 31 861

Earnings 148 847 ................................ 31 521 124 535 32 441 17 335 24 468 15 474 21 681 109 860 33 879

Wages and salary 140 107 ...................... 31 278 116 736 32 233 16 792 24 322 14 852 21 622 102 654 33 692

Nonfarm self~employment 11 632 ............... 25 287 10 263 25 540 818 19 059 792 17 563 9 510 26 138

Farm self~employment 1 837 .................. 8 444 1 755 8 658 43 (B) 58 (B) 1 699 8 681

Unemployment compensation 5 260 ............. 2 777 4 453 2 788 607 2 508 681 3 011 3 795 2 749

State or local only 5 002 ...................... 2 732 4 243 2 754 575 2 442 651 2 967 3 611 2 714

Combinations 258 .......................... 3 652 210 3 482 32 (B) 30 (B) 184 3 441

Workers’ compensation 1 833 ................... 5 848 1 545 5 423 210 9 269 208 5 861 1 351 5 389 State payments 707 ........................ 5 316 598 5 062 78 7 021 107 4 801 495 5 126 Employment insurance 1 006 .................. 5 950 853 5 458 114 9 937 94 7 348 769 5 282 Own insurance 48 ......................... (B) 38 (B) 11 (B) 2 (B) 35 (B)

Other 73 ................................. (B) 57 (B) 8 (B) 5 (B) 52 (B)

Social security 37 794 ........................... 8 819 33 192 8 961 3 695 7 691 2 094 7 473 31 180 9 059

SSI (supplemental security income) 4 895 ........ 4 613 3 249 4 550 1 336 4 583 666 4 746 2 641 4 497

Public assistance, total 2 756 .................... 3 151 1 627 3 127 961 3 059 594 3 897 1 073 2 770

TANF/Welfare (AFDC) only 1 776 .............. 3 282 970 3 355 685 3 059 406 3 925 588 3 060

Other assistance only 832 ................... 2 800 582 2 748 212 2 959 156 3 560 438 2 468

Both 148 .................................. 3 554 75 3 108 64 (B) 33 (B) 46 (B)

Veterans’ benefits 2 512 ........................ 7 994 2 146 7 817 300 8 994 87 9 216 2 063 7 752

Disability only 1 376 .......................... 6 829 1 178 6 388 162 9 484 38 (B) 1 143 6 315

Survivors only 300 ......................... 5 635 274 5 717 23 (B) 12 (B) 262 5 766

Pension only 500 .......................... 11 225 421 11 537 62 (B) 25 (B) 397 11 575

Education only 82 ......................... 2 721 60 (B) 18 (B) 6 (B) 54 (B)

Other only 124 ............................. 6 464 104 6 310 17 (B) 1 (B) 104 6 211

Combinations 130 .......................... 18 145 110 18 560 17 (B) 6 (B) 104 18 317

Means~tested 453 .......................... 8 076 369 8 095 74 (B) 14 (B) 355 7 935

Nonmeans~tested 2 059 ...................... 7 976 1 777 7 759 226 9 371 74 (B) 1 708 7 715

Survivors benefits 2 687 ........................ 9 833 2 405 9 739 205 10 292 81 6 139 2 325 9 860 Company or union 1 272 ...................... 6 818 1 164 6 333 72 (B) 37 (B) 1 128 6 334

Federal government 309 .................... 10 649 259 10 748 43 (B) 7 (B) 252 10 857

Military retirement 146 ...................... 9 570 119 9 912 16 (B) 4 (B) 116 9 990

State or local government 219 ............... 9 863 199 9 262 15 (B) 16 (B) 183 9 672 Railroad retirement 82 ..................... 7 659 75 8 027 8 (B) 2 (B) 73 (B)

Workers’ compensation 23 ................. (B) 22 (B) 1 (B) 3 (B) 19 (B)

Black Lung 32 ............................ (B) 30 (B) 1 (B) – (B) 30 (B) Estates or trusts 263 ....................... 17 644 254 17 907 5 (B) 2 (B) 253 18 015 Annuities 202 .............................. 9 157 195 8 722 4 (B) 1 (B) 195 8 737

Other or Don’t Know 276 .................... 11 277 212 12 949 47 (B) 13 (B) 199 13 374

Disability benefits 1 616 ........................ 10 306 1 281 10 837 275 8 141 127 8 637 1 165 11 034 Workers’ compensation 98 ................. 8 032 74 (B) 15 (B) 9 (B) 66 (B)

Company or union 482 ...................... 9 978 392 10 228 83 8 308 33 (B) 361 10 590

Federal government 155 .................... 10 042 130 10 372 17 (B) 10 (B) 120 10 635

Military retirement 40 ...................... (B) 22 (B) 12 (B) – (B) 22 (B)

State or local government 275 ............... 11 853 222 12 454 41 (B) 18 (B) 209 12 668

Railroad retirement 37 ..................... (B) 35 (B) 3 (B) 1 (B) 33 (B)

Accident insurance 152 ..................... 10 429 141 10 618 7 (B) 19 (B) 122 10 235

Black Lung 7 ............................ (B) 7 (B) – (B) – (B) 7 (B)

Temporary insurance 29 ................... (B) 13 (B) 16 (B) 2 (B) 11 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 387 .................... 9 186 283 9 814 86 6 898 37 (B) 248 10 090

Pensions 15 135 ................................ 13 277 13 620 13 327 1 226 12 295 441 11 394 13 202 13 386

Company or union 9 441 ...................... 10 039 8 604 10 104 667 8 835 291 10 216 8 329 10 094

Federal government 1 298 .................... 21 863 1 090 22 325 168 18 799 34 (B) 1 056 22 477

Military retirement 933 ...................... 17 148 841 17 238 72 (B) 23 (B) 822 17 283

State or local government 2 836 ............... 16 180 2 496 16 358 291 14 503 62 (B) 2 439 16 436

Railroad retirement 255 ..................... 14 197 235 14 402 18 (B) 8 (B) 228 14 497

Annuities 255 .............................. 9 675 233 9 621 12 (B) 2 (B) 231 9 691

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) 398 ................. 14 466 373 14 974 23 (B) 18 (B) 355 15 413

Other or Don’t Know 403 .................... 9 296 369 9 286 16 (B) 13 (B) 356 9 370

Interest 104 493 ................................. 1 958 93 566 2 005 6 646 1 417 5 145 919 88 656 2 064

Dividends 40 564 ............................... 3 112 37 104 3 161 1 825 2 377 1 054 2 695 36 102 3 172

Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 12 437 ........... 4 564 11 210 4 715 621 2 579 628 2 780 10 614 4 817

Education 7 525 ............................... 4 046 6 068 3 971 1 028 4 100 587 3 466 5 510 4 025 Pell grant only 1 356 ......................... 2 047 969 2 053 308 2 006 152 1 854 820 2 088 Other government only 1 124 ................. 4 479 861 4 249 182 4 759 97 3 590 769 4 325 Scholarships only 2 098 ...................... 4 099 1 814 4 041 163 3 936 134 3 485 1 691 4 096

Other only 1 593 ............................. 2 933 1 339 2 861 171 2 804 96 4 301 1 246 2 745

Combinations 1 354 .......................... 6 915 1 084 6 717 204 7 885 108 4 851 984 6 905

Child support 5 146 ............................ 4 031 4 135 4 191 859 3 072 444 3 350 3 714 4 282

Alimony 462 ................................. 10 266 439 10 404 14 (B) 30 (B) 412 10 690

Financial assistance 1 987 ...................... 5 371 1 563 5 147 269 4 115 144 4 760 1 422 5 192

Other income 1 216 ............................ 4 371 1 046 4 302 93 5 828 63 (B) 987 4 376

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 54 384 .......... 9 552 45 752 9 853 6 844 7 911 4 077 6 747 41 874 10 143

Public assistance or SSI 7 314 ................ 4 275 4 692 4 235 2 154 4 207 1 209 4 529 3 579 4 149

Social security or railroad retirement 38 059 ...... 8 886 33 438 9 031 3 712 7 736 2 104 7 495 31 418 9 132

Company or union pension2 ............. 10 977 9 863 9 961 9 871 805 9 471 358 9 553 9 621 9 879

Military retirement2 ..................... 1 114 15 942 977 16 202 100 14 933 27 (B) 954 16 255

Federal government retirement2.......... 1 733 19 171 1 457 19 540 220 16 891 48 (B) 1 409 19 701

State or local retirement2 ................ 3 306 15 520 2 900 15 666 340 14 096 96 10 486 2 814 15 813

Property income3 ...................... 109 908 3 569 98 270 3 687 7 008 2 196 5 518 1 689 93 006 3 798

Child support or alimony 5 404 ................ 4 716 4 384 4 995 868 3 191 462 3 598 3 946 5 146 Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 12 666 4 849 11 432 5 022 626 2 611 630 2 779 10 834 5 139

See footnotes at end of table.

52 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Source of Income in 1999mNumber With Income and Mean Income of Specified

Type in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and Over by Age, Race, and Hispanic Originm

Con.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1 Non~Hispanic White

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

UNDER 65

Total 163 658 ........................... 31 288 135 948 32 359 19 836 23 811 17 167 20 857 119 688 33 919

Earnings 143 326 ................................ 31 801 119 562 32 759 16 933 24 643 15 239 21 661 105 107 34 287

Wages and salary 135 520 ...................... 31 537 112 644 32 528 16 431 24 484 14 652 21 582 98 752 34 072

Nonfarm self~employment 10 743 ............... 25 220 9 430 25 428 772 19 215 757 17 757 8 707 26 041

Farm self~employment 1 568 .................. 8 331 1 493 8 581 43 (B) 54 (B) 1 441 8 597

Unemployment compensation 5 148 ............. 2 760 4 365 2 771 585 2 483 657 3 003 3 729 2 728

State or local only 4 897 ...................... 2 719 4 158 2 741 556 2 422 631 2 988 3 545 2 691

Combinations 250 .......................... 3 557 207 3 383 28 (B) 27 (B) 184 3 441

Workers’ compensation 1 764 ................... 5 774 1 484 5 318 204 9 340 208 5 861 1 290 5 267 State payments 672 ........................ 5 115 566 4 828 74 (B) 107 4 801 463 4 844

Employment insurance 976 .................. 5 922 828 5 400 112 10 046 94 7 348 744 5 212 Own insurance 48 ......................... (B) 38 (B) 11 (B) 2 (B) 35 (B)

Other 67 ................................. (B) 52 (B) 8 (B) 5 (B) 47 (B)

Social security 8 610 ........................... 7 770 7 036 7 818 1 338 7 549 709 7 256 6 365 7 887

SSI (supplemental security income) 3 603 ........ 4 957 2 412 4 882 1 050 5 059 421 5 179 2 037 4 821

Public assistance, total 2 684 .................... 3 175 1 573 3 173 943 3 046 582 3 922 1 030 2 821

TANF/Welfare (AFDC) only 1 748 .............. 3 297 948 3 383 680 3 059 399 3 945 572 3 091

Other assistance only 790 ................... 2 837 553 2 827 200 2 893 153 3 608 412 2 544

Both 146 .................................. 3 538 72 (B) 64 (B) 30 (B) 46 (B)

Veterans’ benefits 1 376 ........................ 8 531 1 136 8 170 195 10 437 57 (B) 1 081 8 144

Disability only 834 .......................... 6 782 694 6 021 122 10 755 26 (B) 669 5 987

Survivors only 88 ......................... 7 288 86 7 319 2 (B) 7 (B) 79 7 350

Pension only 203 .......................... 12 995 160 13 285 28 (B) 16 (B) 144 13 355

Education only 82 ......................... 2 721 60 (B) 18 (B) 6 (B) 54 (B)

Other only 69 ............................. (B) 57 (B) 10 (B) – (B) 57 (B)

Combinations 99 .......................... 19 641 80 20 954 15 (B) 3 (B) 78 20 963

Means~tested 220 .......................... 8 431 168 8 247 41 (B) 6 (B) 163 8 151

Nonmeans~tested 1 156 ...................... 8 550 968 8 157 154 10 820 51 (B) 918 8 142

Survivors benefits 931 ........................ 12 482 815 12 598 85 12 644 38 (B) 779 12 886

Company or union 280 ...................... 9 629 243 8 498 26 (B) 7 (B) 238 8 430

Federal government 82 .................... 8 920 71 (B) 11 (B) 1 (B) 70 (B)

Military retirement 50 ...................... (B) 41 (B) 6 (B) 4 (B) 38 (B)

State or local government 94 ............... 12 050 84 10 847 5 (B) 14 (B) 70 (B) Railroad retirement 9 ..................... (B) 9 (B) – (B) – (B) 9 (B)

Workers’ compensation 13 ................. (B) 12 (B) 1 (B) – (B) 12 (B)

Black Lung – ............................ (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) Estates or trusts 183 ....................... 17 151 175 17 517 4 (B) 2 (B) 174 17 671 Annuities 87 .............................. 11 094 82 11 172 4 (B) – (B) 82 11 172

Other or Don’t Know 175 .................... 13 803 134 16 021 31 (B) 12 (B) 122 16 927

Disability benefits 1 438 ........................ 10 705 1 115 11 368 265 8 213 114 9 049 1 013 11 575 Workers’ compensation 87 ................. 8 172 65 (B) 13 (B) 8 (B) 59 (B)

Company or union 436 ...................... 10 390 348 10 743 81 8 410 31 (B) 319 11 152

Federal government 128 .................... 9 955 106 10 230 14 (B) 7 (B) 99 10 434

Military retirement 26 ...................... (B) 11 (B) 12 (B) – (B) 11 (B)

State or local government 266 ............... 12 000 214 12 655 41 (B) 18 (B) 202 12 871

Railroad retirement 29 ..................... (B) 26 (B) 3 (B) – (B) 26 (B)

Accident insurance 139 ..................... 11 139 128 11 407 7 (B) 19 (B) 110 11 113

Black Lung 1 ............................ (B) 1 (B) – (B) – (B) 1 (B)

Temporary insurance 29 ................... (B) 13 (B) 16 (B) 2 (B) 11 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 338 .................... 9 619 237 10 557 84 6 804 32 (B) 208 10 913

Pensions 4 634 ................................ 16 946 3 971 17 375 543 13 406 142 12 688 3 833 17 548

Company or union 2 463 ...................... 14 045 2 142 14 330 263 10 687 90 12 205 2 052 14 423

Federal government 376 .................... 23 216 289 24 795 79 17 277 6 (B) 283 24 956

Military retirement 562 ...................... 18 421 491 18 683 57 (B) 15 (B) 477 18 739

State or local government 988 ............... 20 113 839 20 757 117 15 898 16 (B) 825 20 815

Railroad retirement 24 ..................... (B) 22 (B) 2 (B) – (B) 22 (B)

Annuities 85 .............................. 11 853 80 11 696 2 (B) 2 (B) 79 11 898

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) 129 ................. 13 968 112 15 160 14 (B) 10 (B) 102 16 302

Other or Don’t Know 161 .................... 10 059 134 10 299 14 (B) 4 (B) 130 10 454

Interest 84 953 ................................. 1 483 75 194 1 495 5 900 1 200 4 672 817 70 742 1 538

Dividends 33 550 ............................... 2 795 30 366 2 820 1 675 2 299 964 2 315 29 453 2 833

Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 9 426 ........... 4 046 8 376 4 147 527 2 585 527 2 019 7 881 4 276

Education 7 500 ............................... 4 046 6 042 3 970 1 028 4 100 587 3 466 5 485 4 025 Pell grant only 1 350 ......................... 2 047 963 2 052 308 2 006 152 1 854 813 2 087 Other government only 1 114 ................. 4 448 852 4 206 182 4 759 97 3 590 760 4 278 Scholarships only 2 098 ...................... 4 099 1 814 4 041 163 3 936 134 3 485 1 691 4 096

Other only 1 584 ............................. 2 943 1 330 2 872 171 2 804 96 4 301 1 237 2 756

Combinations 1 354 .......................... 6 915 1 084 6 717 204 7 885 108 4 851 984 6 905

Child support 5 123 ............................ 4 037 4 120 4 194 850 3 079 443 3 352 3 701 4 286

Alimony 413 ................................. 10 551 390 10 723 14 (B) 27 (B) 365 11 078

Financial assistance 1 888 ...................... 5 470 1 490 5 210 253 4 200 133 4 857 1 359 5 250

Other income 961 ............................ 4 257 814 4 123 85 5 834 57 (B) 760 4 229

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 24 016 .......... 7 423 18 696 7 631 4 338 6 707 2 555 5 591 16 290 7 940

Public assistance or SSI 5 982 ................ 4 410 3 825 4 384 1 858 4 404 956 4 671 2 953 4 309

Social security or railroad retirement 8 668 ...... 7 836 7 089 7 891 1 343 7 589 709 7 256 6 417 7 966

Company or union pension2 ............. 3 141 13 312 2 698 13 528 368 11 058 127 10 869 2 574 13 661

Military retirement2 ..................... 636 17 393 542 17 759 75 16 295 19 (B) 524 17 857

Federal government retirement2.......... 579 18 538 460 19 408 103 15 414 13 (B) 447 19 576

State or local retirement2 ................ 1 341 18 039 1 134 18 544 159 14 621 48 (B) 1 095 18 845

Property income3 ...................... 89 438 2 919 79 070 2 983 6 204 1 986 4 998 1 424 74 311 3 081

Child support or alimony 5 332 ................ 4 695 4 320 4 969 859 3 199 458 3 557 3 886 5 123 Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 9 590 4 305 8 535 4 430 532 2 618 529 2 019 8 038 4 574

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 53

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Source of Income in 1999mNumber With Income and Mean Income of Specified

Type in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and Over by Age, Race, and Hispanic Originm

Con.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1 Non~Hispanic White

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

UNDER 65mCon.

15 to 24 Years

Total 28 384 ........................... 10 670 23 318 10 839 3 706 9 439 3 582 11 215 19 914 10 757

Earnings 25 211 ................................ 10 422 21 007 10 515 3 101 9 532 3 230 11 485 17 930 10 328 Wages and salary 24 890 ...................... 10 333 20 727 10 416 3 066 9 472 3 185 11 335 17 695 10 239 Nonfarm self~employment 587 ............... 8 586 514 8 764 52 (B) 64 (B) 451 8 093 Farm self~employment 117 .................. 4 412 112 4 487 4 (B) 9 (B) 103 3 528

Unemployment compensation 434 ............. 1 771 376 1 591 48 (B) 48 (B) 330 1 610

State or local only 415 ...................... 1 733 360 1 566 48 (B) 46 (B) 315 1 590

Combinations 19 .......................... (B) 17 (B) – (B) 2 (B) 15 (B)

Workers’ compensation 165 ................... 1 767 152 1 828 4 (B) 11 (B) 140 1 841

State payments 63 ........................ (B) 54 (B) 4 (B) 6 (B) 49 (B)

Employment insurance 94 .................. 1 971 89 2 071 – (B) 5 (B) 84 2 153

Own insurance 1 ......................... (B) 1 (B) – (B) 1 (B) – (B)

Other 7 ................................. (B) 7 (B) – (B) – (B) 7 (B)

Social security 783 ........................... 5 012 568 5 163 169 4 207 93 5 218 486 5 259

SSI (supplemental security income) 491 ........ 4 756 305 4 842 168 4 513 40 (B) 270 4 781

Public assistance, total 817 .................... 2 485 416 2 331 352 2 590 149 3 126 278 1 938

TANF/Welfare (AFDC) only 608 .............. 2 692 293 2 614 279 2 736 109 3 301 189 2 271

Other assistance only 184 ................... 1 723 112 1 489 64 (B) 28 (B) 86 1 196

Both 26 .................................. (B) 12 (B) 9 (B) 12 (B) 3 (B)

Veterans’ benefits 36 ........................ (B) 30 (B) 5 (B) – (B) 30 (B)

Disability only 6 .......................... (B) 4 (B) 2 (B) – (B) 4 (B)

Survivors only 6 ......................... (B) 6 (B) – (B) – (B) 6 (B)

Pension only 1 .......................... (B) – (B) 1 (B) – (B) – (B)

Education only 17 ......................... (B) 14 (B) 3 (B) – (B) 14 (B)

Other only – ............................. (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Combinations 6 .......................... (B) 6 (B) – (B) – (B) 6 (B)

Means~tested 5 .......................... (B) 5 (B) – (B) – (B) 5 (B)

Nonmeans~tested 30 ...................... (B) 25 (B) 5 (B) – (B) 25 (B)

Survivors benefits 59 ........................ (B) 32 (B) 19 (B) 6 (B) 26 (B)

Company or union 6 ...................... (B) 2 (B) – (B) – (B) 2 (B)

Federal government 10 .................... (B) 7 (B) 3 (B) – (B) 7 (B)

Military retirement – ...................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

State or local government 5 ............... (B) 5 (B) – (B) 5 (B) – (B) Railroad retirement 1 ..................... (B) 1 (B) – (B) – (B) 1 (B)

Workers’ compensation – ................. (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Black Lung – ............................ (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) Estates or trusts 10 ....................... (B) 10 (B) – (B) – (B) 10 (B) Annuities 3 .............................. (B) 3 (B) – (B) – (B) 3 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 25 .................... (B) 4 (B) 16 (B) 1 (B) 3 (B)

Disability benefits 62 ........................ (B) 25 (B) 32 (B) 12 (B) 14 (B)

Workers’ compensation – ................. (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Company or union 3 ...................... (B) 3 (B) – (B) 1 (B) 2 (B)

Federal government – .................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Military retirement – ...................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

State or local government 8 ............... (B) 2 (B) 1 (B) – (B) 2 (B) Railroad retirement – ..................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) Accident insurance 9 ..................... (B) 9 (B) – (B) 2 (B) 7 (B)

Black Lung – ............................ (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Temporary insurance 4 ................... (B) 4 (B) – (B) 1 (B) 3 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 38 .................... (B) 7 (B) 31 (B) 7 (B) – (B)

Pensions 22 ................................ (B) 22 (B) – (B) 4 (B) 18 (B)

Company or union 17 ...................... (B) 17 (B) – (B) 4 (B) 12 (B)

Federal government – .................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Military retirement – ...................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

State or local government – ............... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Railroad retirement – ..................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Annuities 1 .............................. (B) 1 (B) – (B) – (B) 1 (B)

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) – ................. (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 4 .................... (B) 4 (B) – (B) – (B) 4 (B)

Interest 8 315 ................................. 387 7 381 389 529 188 513 184 6 896 404

Dividends 1 841 ............................... 1 501 1 646 1 550 85 800 49 (B) 1 602 1 572

Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 212 ........... 2 920 197 2 850 5 (B) 16 (B) 181 2 722

Education 4 068 ............................... 4 273 3 385 4 310 464 3 922 339 3 224 3 064 4 423

Pell grant only 776 ......................... 2 163 562 2 172 167 2 143 93 1 801 471 2 243

Other government only 454 ................. 3 301 341 3 207 76 3 501 51 (B) 296 3 330

Scholarships only 1 622 ...................... 4 010 1 460 3 952 83 4 250 100 3 180 1 365 3 998

Other only 293 ............................. 4 369 256 4 458 21 (B) 22 (B) 234 4 109

Combinations 923 .......................... 6 958 766 7 002 118 6 556 73 (B) 699 7 288

Child support 520 ............................ 2 578 383 2 260 119 2 044 70 (B) 319 2 318

Alimony 7 ................................. (B) 7 (B) – (B) 1 (B) 6 (B)

Financial assistance 822 ...................... 4 882 671 4 918 79 1 927 47 (B) 624 4 988

Other income 130 ............................ 1 382 98 1 460 21 (B) 10 (B) 88 1 492

See footnotes at end of table.

54 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Source of Income in 1999mNumber With Income and Mean Income of Specified

Type in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and Over by Age, Race, and Hispanic Originm

Con.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1 Non~Hispanic White

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

UNDER 65mCon.

15 to 24 YearsmCon.

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 3 615 .......... 3 510 2 518 3 415 889 3 620 458 3 417 2 093 3 450 Public assistance or SSI 1 263 ................ 3 456 711 3 442 485 3 443 186 3 634 540 3 384 Social security or railroad retirement 784 ...... 5 019 569 5 172 169 4 207 93 5 218 487 5 269 Company or union pension2 ............. 26 (B) 22 (B) – (B) 5 (B) 17 (B)

Military retirement2 ..................... – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Federal government retirement2.......... 10 (B) 7 (B) 3 (B) – (B) 7 (B)

State or local retirement2 ................ 13 (B) 7 (B) 1 (B) 5 (B) 2 (B)

Property income3 ...................... 8 850 765 7 852 784 551 402 539 365 7 342 813 Child support or alimony 523 ................ 2 588 386 2 276 119 2 044 70 (B) 323 2 334

Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 222 3 572 207 3 554 5 (B) 16 (B) 191 3 491

25 to 44 Years

Total 78 138 ........................... 33 243 63 937 34 233 10 106 26 018 9 434 22 847 55 024 36 078

Earnings 71 859 ................................ 33 690 58 911 34 623 9 193 26 605 8 653 23 488 50 727 36 425

Wages and salary 68 110 ...................... 33 675 55 608 34 646 8 932 26 697 8 306 23 424 47 756 36 498

Nonfarm self~employment 5 457 ............... 22 428 4 741 22 839 445 13 441 462 18 088 4 299 23 313

Farm self~employment 725 .................. 6 905 688 7 038 19 (B) 36 (B) 652 6 990

Unemployment compensation 2 896 ............. 2 633 2 398 2 704 390 2 143 425 2 749 1 987 2 691

State or local only 2 760 ...................... 2 609 2 284 2 688 374 2 092 410 2 735 1 887 2 669

Combinations 136 .......................... 3 130 113 3 022 16 (B) 15 (B) 100 3 102

Workers’ compensation 904 ................... 4 707 755 4 496 107 6 038 130 4 812 633 4 465

State payments 331 ........................ 4 629 282 4 019 35 (B) 62 (B) 221 4 065

Employment insurance 510 .................. 4 677 431 4 568 58 (B) 63 (B) 374 4 399

Own insurance 36 ......................... (B) 26 (B) 11 (B) 1 (B) 24 (B)

Other 28 ................................. (B) 17 (B) 3 (B) 3 (B) 13 (B)

Social security 1 732 ........................... 7 668 1 341 7 723 350 7 371 178 7 512 1 175 7 742

SSI (supplemental security income) 1 434 ........ 5 113 943 5 086 458 5 152 173 4 852 790 5 121

Public assistance, total 1 413 .................... 3 428 889 3 473 445 3 299 346 4 234 566 3 099

TANF/Welfare (AFDC) only 904 .............. 3 617 537 3 812 309 3 232 237 4 162 315 3 644

Other assistance only 409 ................... 3 054 299 3 001 90 3 233 97 3 994 209 2 545

Both 99 .................................. 3 241 53 (B) 46 (B) 13 (B) 42 (B)

Veterans’ benefits 374 ........................ 5 977 301 5 554 69 (B) 19 (B) 283 5 579

Disability only 228 .......................... 4 666 192 4 632 35 (B) 10 (B) 184 4 671

Survivors only 14 ......................... (B) 14 (B) – (B) – (B) 14 (B)

Pension only 27 .......................... (B) 20 (B) 8 (B) 4 (B) 16 (B)

Education only 63 ......................... (B) 45 (B) 13 (B) 6 (B) 40 (B)

Other only 13 ............................. (B) 13 (B) – (B) – (B) 13 (B)

Combinations 30 .......................... (B) 17 (B) 13 (B) – (B) 17 (B)

Means~tested 48 .......................... (B) 39 (B) 10 (B) 1 (B) 37 (B)

Nonmeans~tested 325 ...................... 6 113 262 5 903 59 (B) 18 (B) 246 5 977

Survivors benefits 210 ........................ 16 715 198 16 902 5 (B) 6 (B) 192 17 066

Company or union 23 ...................... (B) 23 (B) – (B) – (B) 23 (B)

Federal government 16 .................... (B) 16 (B) – (B) 1 (B) 15 (B)

Military retirement 5 ...................... (B) 5 (B) – (B) 1 (B) 3 (B)

State or local government 17 ............... (B) 12 (B) – (B) – (B) 12 (B)

Railroad retirement 4 ..................... (B) 4 (B) – (B) – (B) 4 (B)

Workers’ compensation 4 ................. (B) 4 (B) – (B) – (B) 4 (B)

Black Lung – ............................ (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Estates or trusts 76 ....................... 19 709 75 19 705 – (B) – (B) 75 19 705

Annuities 19 .............................. (B) 18 (B) – (B) – (B) 18 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 57 .................... (B) 51 (B) 5 (B) 3 (B) 48 (B)

Disability benefits 464 ........................ 9 422 378 9 645 59 (B) 39 (B) 342 10 005

Workers’ compensation 27 ................. (B) 20 (B) 2 (B) – (B) 20 (B)

Company or union 142 ...................... 8 682 134 8 512 4 (B) 17 (B) 119 9 224

Federal government 35 .................... (B) 25 (B) 6 (B) 4 (B) 22 (B)

Military retirement 8 ...................... (B) 4 (B) 4 (B) – (B) 4 (B)

State or local government 88 ............... 6 768 67 (B) 14 (B) 6 (B) 63 (B) Railroad retirement 2 ..................... (B) 2 (B) – (B) – (B) 2 (B) Accident insurance 53 ..................... (B) 45 (B) 4 (B) 8 (B) 37 (B)

Black Lung – ............................ (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Temporary insurance 14 ................... (B) 4 (B) 10 (B) 1 (B) 4 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 112 .................... 12 789 89 13 830 16 (B) 4 (B) 86 13 927

Pensions 458 ................................ 11 307 363 10 608 83 13 798 27 (B) 337 10 573

Company or union 171 ...................... 10 245 140 10 235 29 (B) 12 (B) 127 10 140

Federal government 29 .................... (B) 12 (B) 17 (B) 4 (B) 8 (B)

Military retirement 121 ...................... 13 227 91 11 985 29 (B) 4 (B) 87 11 857

State or local government 42 ............... (B) 37 (B) 3 (B) – (B) 37 (B) Railroad retirement – ..................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) Annuities 26 .............................. (B) 26 (B) – (B) 2 (B) 24 (B)

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) 34 ................. (B) 25 (B) 9 (B) 4 (B) 21 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 50 .................... (B) 43 (B) – (B) – (B) 43 (B)

Interest 41 278 ................................. 991 35 953 1 023 3 198 605 2 724 650 33 363 1 051

Dividends 15 669 ............................... 2 331 13 975 2 401 884 1 344 567 2 537 13 435 2 392

Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 3 808 ........... 3 229 3 329 3 366 262 1 383 272 1 910 3 064 3 485

Education 2 883 ............................... 3 917 2 202 3 697 488 4 169 221 3 863 1 990 3 687 Pell grant only 503 ......................... 1 786 357 1 866 123 1 472 55 (B) 303 1 853

Other government only 539 ................. 5 383 410 5 001 89 5 505 40 (B) 370 5 007

Scholarships only 434 ...................... 4 452 321 4 462 70 (B) 32 (B) 294 4 568

Other only 1 023 ............................. 2 788 835 2 694 125 2 609 60 (B) 776 2 645

Combinations 384 .......................... 7 056 280 6 242 80 9 804 35 (B) 248 6 170

Child support 3 814 ............................ 4 106 3 065 4 333 643 3 050 319 3 738 2 762 4 390

Alimony 184 ................................. 9 669 168 9 800 7 (B) 11 (B) 159 10 064

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 55

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Source of Income in 1999mNumber With Income and Mean Income of Specified

Type in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and Over by Age, Race, and Hispanic Originm

Con.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1 Non~Hispanic White

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

UNDER 65mCon.

25 to 44 YearsmCon.

Financial assistance 771 ...................... 5 790 591 4 954 124 5 663 58 (B) 534 5 035

Other income 408 ............................ 2 486 368 2 428 21 (B) 26 (B) 343 2 431

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 8 516 .......... 5 270 6 397 5 169 1 779 5 546 1 161 4 866 5 301 5 241

Public assistance or SSI 2 698 ................ 4 513 1 745 4 517 841 4 555 493 4 671 1 295 4 481

Social security or railroad retirement 1 739 ...... 7 650 1 347 7 699 350 7 371 178 7 512 1 182 7 715

Company or union pension2 ............. 331 10 387 292 10 366 32 (B) 30 (B) 264 10 757

Military retirement2 ..................... 133 12 612 99 11 432 33 (B) 6 (B) 93 11 411

Federal government retirement2.......... 78 11 713 51 (B) 23 (B) 6 (B) 45 (B)

State or local retirement2 ................ 146 9 823 116 9 216 17 (B) 7 (B) 111 9 340

Property income3 ...................... 43 291 2 107 37 702 2 202 3 331 1 046 2 891 1 290 34 951 2 271

Child support or alimony 3 845 ................ 4 535 3 094 4 825 646 3 180 321 3 884 2 789 4 921

Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 3 880 3 553 3 399 3 728 262 1 383 272 1 910 3 135 3 875

45 to 64 Years

Total 57 136 ........................... 38 858 48 693 40 203 6 024 28 950 4 151 24 652 44 751 41 572

Earnings 46 256 ................................ 40 518 39 643 41 776 4 640 30 855 3 357 26 745 36 449 43 097

Wages and salary 42 521 ...................... 40 525 36 310 41 908 4 433 30 408 3 161 27 063 33 302 43 257

Nonfarm self~employment 4 699 ............... 30 543 4 175 30 421 275 30 322 231 18 322 3 957 31 051

Farm self~employment 726 .................. 10 384 693 10 771 21 (B) 8 (B) 686 10 887

Unemployment compensation 1 818 ............. 3 198 1 591 3 153 147 3 233 184 4 003 1 412 3 042 State or local only 1 722 ...................... 3 134 1 514 3 100 134 3 151 174 4 008 1 343 2 981 Combinations 95 .......................... 4 355 77 4 191 13 (B) 9 (B) 69 (B)

Workers’ compensation 694 ................... 8 118 577 7 313 93 13 567 67 (B) 517 7 179

State payments 278 ........................ 6 472 230 6 569 35 (B) 39 (B) 193 6 566

Employment insurance 373 .................. 8 612 309 7 518 54 (B) 27 (B) 286 7 172

Own insurance 11 ......................... (B) 11 (B) – (B) – (B) 11 (B)

Other 32 ................................. (B) 28 (B) 4 (B) 1 (B) 26 (B)

Social security 6 095 ........................... 8 154 5 128 8 138 819 8 315 438 7 585 4 703 8 194

SSI (supplemental security income) 1 678 ........ 4 882 1 164 4 727 424 5 174 209 5 430 977 4 588

Public assistance, total 454 .................... 3 629 268 3 483 146 3 373 87 4 048 186 3 295

TANF/Welfare (AFDC) only 236 .............. 3 627 118 3 344 92 3 459 53 (B) 68 (B)

Other assistance only 197 ................... 3 427 142 3 511 45 (B) 28 (B) 116 3 543

Both 20 .................................. (B) 8 (B) 9 (B) 6 (B) 2 (B)

Veterans’ benefits 967 ........................ 9 633 805 9 273 121 11 991 38 (B) 767 9 222

Disability only 601 .......................... 7 581 498 6 568 85 13 231 16 (B) 482 6 501

Survivors only 68 ......................... (B) 66 (B) 2 (B) 7 (B) 60 (B)

Pension only 175 .......................... 13 419 140 13 774 19 (B) 12 (B) 128 13 929

Education only 3 ......................... (B) – (B) 3 (B) – (B) – (B)

Other only 56 ............................. (B) 43 (B) 10 (B) – (B) 43 (B)

Combinations 63 .......................... (B) 57 (B) 2 (B) 3 (B) 54 (B)

Means~tested 167 .......................... 9 556 124 10 017 32 (B) 4 (B) 120 9 966

Nonmeans~tested 800 ...................... 9 649 681 9 138 89 13 445 34 (B) 647 9 085

Survivors benefits 661 ........................ 11 627 585 11 306 61 (B) 26 (B) 560 11 540

Company or union 251 ...................... 8 873 218 7 406 26 (B) 7 (B) 212 7 302

Federal government 56 .................... (B) 47 (B) 8 (B) – (B) 47 (B)

Military retirement 45 ...................... (B) 37 (B) 6 (B) 2 (B) 35 (B)

State or local government 72 ............... (B) 67 (B) 5 (B) 9 (B) 58 (B)

Railroad retirement 4 ..................... (B) 4 (B) – (B) – (B) 4 (B)

Workers’ compensation 9 ................. (B) 8 (B) 1 (B) – (B) 8 (B)

Black Lung – ............................ (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Estates or trusts 98 ....................... 15 095 91 15 682 4 (B) 2 (B) 89 15 944

Annuities 65 .............................. (B) 61 (B) 4 (B) – (B) 61 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 93 .................... 14 465 79 14 951 10 (B) 8 (B) 71 (B)

Disability benefits 911 ........................ 11 565 712 12 564 174 8 094 64 (B) 656 12 597

Workers’ compensation 60 ................. (B) 45 (B) 11 (B) 8 (B) 39 (B)

Company or union 291 ...................... 11 282 210 12 253 78 8 312 13 (B) 198 12 387

Federal government 93 .................... 9 897 81 10 181 8 (B) 4 (B) 77 10 364

Military retirement 18 ...................... (B) 7 (B) 7 (B) – (B) 7 (B)

State or local government 171 ............... 14 824 145 15 935 25 (B) 12 (B) 137 16 270

Railroad retirement 26 ..................... (B) 24 (B) 3 (B) – (B) 24 (B)

Accident insurance 77 ..................... 13 033 74 (B) 3 (B) 8 (B) 65 (B)

Black Lung 1 ............................ (B) 1 (B) – (B) – (B) 1 (B)

Temporary insurance 11 ................... (B) 5 (B) 6 (B) – (B) 5 (B)

Other or Don’t Know 188 .................... 7 787 140 8 716 37 (B) 21 (B) 122 8 792

Pensions 4 154 ................................ 17 619 3 586 18 123 460 13 335 111 12 532 3 479 18 300 Company or union 2 275 ...................... 14 369 1 986 14 664 235 10 974 73 (B) 1 912 14 785

Federal government 347 .................... 23 813 277 25 420 61 (B) 2 (B) 275 25 472

Military retirement 441 ...................... 19 849 399 20 215 28 (B) 11 (B) 390 20 276

State or local government 946 ............... 20 421 802 21 096 114 16 271 16 (B) 789 21 152

Railroad retirement 24 ..................... (B) 22 (B) 2 (B) – (B) 22 (B)

Annuities 58 .............................. (B) 54 (B) 2 (B) – (B) 54 (B)

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) 94 ................. 15 958 87 16 856 5 (B) 6 (B) 81 17 986

Other or Don’t Know 107 .................... 11 287 87 11 661 14 (B) 4 (B) 83 11 965

Interest 35 361 ................................. 2 316 31 860 2 284 2 172 2 323 1 435 1 362 30 484 2 326

Dividends 16 039 ............................... 3 397 14 745 3 359 706 3 676 349 2 176 14 415 3 385

Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 5 406 ........... 4 667 4 851 4 736 260 3 646 239 1 991 4 636 4 859

Education 549 ............................... 3 035 455 2 769 76 4 743 28 (B) 431 2 760

Pell grant only 70 ......................... (B) 43 (B) 18 (B) 4 (B) 40 (B)

Other government only 121 ................. 4 591 101 4 358 17 (B) 7 (B) 94 4 384

Scholarships only 43 ...................... (B) 33 (B) 10 (B) 3 (B) 32 (B)

Other only 269 ............................. 1 979 240 1 803 24 (B) 13 (B) 228 1 750

Combinations 47 .......................... (B) 38 (B) 6 (B) 1 (B) 37 (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

56 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Source of Income in 1999mNumber With Income and Mean Income of Specified

Type in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and Over by Age, Race, and Hispanic Originm

Con.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1 Non~Hispanic White

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

UNDER 65mCon.

45 to 64 YearsmCon.

Child support 789 ............................ 4 664 672 4 665 88 4 691 54 (B) 620 4 834

Alimony 222 ................................. 11 533 215 11 707 7 (B) 15 (B) 201 12 127

Financial assistance 295 ...................... 6 273 227 6 739 50 (B) 28 (B) 201 6 636

Other income 423 ............................ 6 846 347 6 680 43 (B) 21 (B) 328 6 850

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 11 885 .......... 10 155 9 781 10 327 1 670 9 587 935 7 558 8 897 10 605

Public assistance or SSI 2 021 ................ 4 870 1 368 4 704 532 5 042 277 5 367 1 117 4 558

Social security or railroad retirement 6 145 ...... 8 248 5 173 8 240 824 8 376 438 7 585 4 749 8 305

Company or union pension2 ............. 2 785 13 717 2 384 13 970 336 11 297 93 11 194 2 293 14 075

Military retirement2 ..................... 504 18 652 443 19 167 41 (B) 13 (B) 431 19 243

Federal government retirement2.......... 491 19 917 402 20 979 77 14 873 6 (B) 395 21 124

State or local retirement2 ................ 1 182 19 175 1 011 19 725 141 15 479 36 (B) 981 19 964

Property income3 ...................... 37 297 4 373 33 516 4 377 2 322 3 711 1 569 2 035 32 018 4 487

Child support or alimony 964 ................ 6 478 840 6 736 95 4 781 67 (B) 774 7 011

Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 5 489 4 865 4 929 4 951 264 3 695 241 1 993 4 712 5 083

65 YEARS AND OVER

Total 31 978 ........................... 21 417 28 407 22 209 2 663 14 607 1 626 14 238 26 835 22 678

Earnings 5 522 ................................ 24 263 4 973 24 799 402 17 087 234 22 957 4 753 24 853 Wages and salary 4 586 ...................... 23 622 4 092 24 102 361 16 943 199 24 564 3 902 24 067

Nonfarm self~employment 888 ............... 26 093 832 26 813 46 (B) 35 (B) 804 27 190

Farm self~employment 269 .................. 9 105 262 9 101 – (B) 3 (B) 258 9 144

Unemployment compensation 112 ............. 3 562 88 3 602 22 (B) 24 (B) 66 (B)

State or local only 104 ...................... 3 326 85 3 366 19 (B) 20 (B) 66 (B)

Combinations 8 .......................... (B) 3 (B) 3 (B) 4 (B) – (B)

Workers’ compensation 70 ................... (B) 61 (B) 6 (B) – (B) 61 (B)

State payments 35 ........................ (B) 32 (B) 4 (B) – (B) 32 (B)

Employment insurance 29 .................. (B) 24 (B) 2 (B) – (B) 24 (B)

Own insurance – ......................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other 5 ................................. (B) 5 (B) – (B) – (B) 5 (B)

Social security 29 184 ........................... 9 129 26 156 9 269 2 357 7 771 1 385 7 584 24 816 9 360

SSI (supplemental security income) 1 292 ........ 3 656 837 3 592 286 2 836 245 4 002 604 3 408

Public assistance, total 73 .................... (B) 54 (B) 18 (B) 12 (B) 43 (B)

TANF/Welfare (AFDC) only 28 .............. (B) 23 (B) 6 (B) 7 (B) 16 (B)

Other assistance only 42 ................... (B) 29 (B) 12 (B) 3 (B) 26 (B)

Both 2 .................................. (B) 2 (B) – (B) 2 (B) – (B)

Veterans’ benefits 1 136 ........................ 7 344 1 010 7 419 105 6 305 30 (B) 982 7 322

Disability only 542 .......................... 6 903 484 6 913 40 (B) 12 (B) 474 6 779

Survivors only 212 ......................... 4 950 188 4 988 21 (B) 5 (B) 183 5 082

Pension only 297 .......................... 10 014 261 10 465 35 (B) 10 (B) 252 10 558

Education only – ......................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other only 55 ............................. (B) 48 (B) 7 (B) 1 (B) 47 (B)

Combinations 31 .......................... (B) 29 (B) 2 (B) 3 (B) 26 (B) Means~tested 233 .......................... 7 741 201 7 968 32 (B) 8 (B) 193 7 752 Nonmeans~tested 903 ...................... 7 242 809 7 283 73 (B) 22 (B) 790 7 217

Survivors benefits 1 756 ........................ 8 428 1 590 8 273 120 8 619 44 (B) 1 546 8 338

Company or union 992 ...................... 6 024 920 5 760 46 (B) 30 (B) 890 5 774

Federal government 227 .................... 11 275 188 11 256 32 (B) 5 (B) 183 11 373

Military retirement 96 ...................... 10 260 78 10 721 10 (B) – (B) 78 10 731

State or local government 126 ............... 8 233 115 8 103 10 (B) 2 (B) 113 8 123

Railroad retirement 73 ..................... (B) 66 (B) 8 (B) 2 (B) 64 (B)

Workers’ compensation 10 ................. (B) 9 (B) – (B) 3 (B) 6 (B)

Black Lung 32 ............................ (B) 30 (B) 1 (B) – (B) 30 (B)

Estates or trusts 80 ....................... 18 769 79 18 771 – (B) – (B) 79 18 771

Annuities 115 .............................. 7 700 113 6 944 – (B) 1 (B) 113 6 963

Other or Don’t Know 102 .................... 6 935 78 7 651 16 (B) 1 (B) 77 7 706

Disability benefits 178 ........................ 7 084 165 7 245 10 (B) 13 (B) 153 7 439

Workers’ compensation 11 ................. (B) 9 (B) 2 (B) 1 (B) 8 (B)

Company or union 46 ...................... (B) 44 (B) 2 (B) 2 (B) 42 (B)

Federal government 27 .................... (B) 24 (B) 3 (B) 2 (B) 22 (B)

Military retirement 15 ...................... (B) 12 (B) – (B) – (B) 12 (B)

State or local government 8 ............... (B) 8 (B) – (B) – (B) 8 (B)

Railroad retirement 9 ..................... (B) 9 (B) – (B) 1 (B) 8 (B)

Accident insurance 13 ..................... (B) 13 (B) – (B) – (B) 13 (B)

Black Lung 6 ............................ (B) 6 (B) – (B) – (B) 6 (B)

Temporary insurance – ................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other or Don’t Know 49 .................... (B) 46 (B) 3 (B) 5 (B) 40 (B)

Pensions 10 501 ................................ 11 658 9 649 11 661 683 11 411 300 10 783 9 369 11 684

Company or union 6 978 ...................... 8 624 6 462 8 704 404 7 626 201 9 330 6 277 8 679

Federal government 921 .................... 21 310 801 21 433 89 20 149 28 (B) 773 21 569

Military retirement 371 ...................... 15 220 350 15 213 15 (B) 7 (B) 345 15 270

State or local government 1 849 ............... 14 079 1 656 14 129 174 13 560 46 (B) 1 613 14 196

Railroad retirement 231 ..................... 13 663 213 13 887 16 (B) 8 (B) 206 13 973

Annuities 170 .............................. 8 587 153 8 532 10 (B) 1 (B) 152 8 552

IRA, KEOGH, or 401(k) 270 ................. 14 703 260 14 894 9 (B) 8 (B) 253 15 053

Other or Don’t Know 242 .................... 8 791 235 8 708 2 (B) 10 (B) 226 8 744

Interest 19 540 ................................. 4 025 18 372 4 090 746 3 135 473 1 926 17 913 4 145

Dividends 7 014 ............................... 4 627 6 738 4 700 150 3 245 90 6 768 6 649 4 672

Rents, royalties, estates or trusts 3 011 ........... 6 185 2 833 6 392 94 2 545 101 6 768 2 733 6 379

Education 25 ............................... (B) 25 (B) – (B) – (B) 25 (B)

Pell grant only 7 ......................... (B) 7 (B) – (B) – (B) 7 (B)

Other government only 10 ................. (B) 10 (B) – (B) – (B) 10 (B)

See footnotes at end of table.

Income 57

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Source of Income in 1999mNumber With Income and Mean Income of Specified

Type in 1999 of People 15 Years Old and Over by Age, Race, and Hispanic Originm

Con.

[Numbers in thousands. People 15 years old and over as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Source of income

All races White Black Hispanic origin1 Non~Hispanic White

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with income

Mean

income

(dollars)

Number with incomeMean income (dollars)

65 YEARS AND OVERmCon.

EducationmCon.

Scholarships only – ...................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Other only 9 ............................. (B) 9 (B) – (B) – (B) 9 (B)

Combinations – .......................... (B) – (B) – (B) – (B) – (B)

Child support 23 ............................ (B) 15 (B) 8 (B) 1 (B) 14 (B)

Alimony 49 ................................. (B) 49 (B) – (B) 2 (B) 47 (B)

Financial assistance 99 ...................... 3 467 74 (B) 16 (B) 11 (B) 63 (B)

Other income 255 ............................ 4 803 233 4 928 9 (B) 6 (B) 227 4 866

Combinations of income types:

Government transfer payments 30 368 .......... 11 236 27 055 11 389 2 506 9 996 1 523 8 685 25 584 11 546

Public assistance or SSI 1 333 ................ 3 669 867 3 579 295 2 967 253 3 993 626 3 393

Social security or railroad retirement 29 392 ...... 9 195 26 350 9 338 2 369 7 820 1 394 7 617 25 000 9 431

Company or union pension2 ............. 7 835 8 480 7 263 8 512 437 8 132 232 8 832 7 048 8 498 Military retirement2 ..................... 477 14 007 436 14 265 25 (B) 7 (B) 430 14 303

Federal government retirement2.......... 1 153 19 489 997 19 602 117 18 187 36 (B) 962 19 760

State or local retirement2 ................ 1 965 13 801 1 765 13 817 181 13 633 48 (B) 1 720 13 883

Property income3 ...................... 20 470 6 410 19 200 6 583 804 3 814 520 4 236 18 695 6 645 Child support or alimony 72 ................ (B) 64 (B) 8 (B) 4 (B) 60 (B)

Rents, royalties, estates, or trusts3 ....... 3 076 6 545 2 897 6 764 94 2 570 101 6 768 2 796 6 764

1Hispanics may be of any race.

2Includes payments reported as survivor, disability, or retirement benefits.

3Includes estates and trusts reported as survivor benefits.

58 Income

U.S. Census Bureau
This page is intentionally blank.

59

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 13. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1999

[Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Money incomem Before taxes After taxes

Money incomem Definition 1 less taxes

plus capital gains (losses)

Excluding

capital

gains

(current

official

measure)

Without

earned

income

credit

(EIC) With EIC

Definition 1

less

government

transfers

Definition 2

plus

capital

gains

(losses)

Definition 3

plus

health

insurance

 supplements

to wage or

salary

income

Definition 4

less

social

security

payroll

 taxes

Definition 5

less

federal

income

taxes

Definition 6

plus

EIC

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 5 6 7

ALL HOUSEHOLDS

Total ...................................... 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 104 081 104 081 104 081 98 470 98 478 98 478 98 478 98 484 98 484 With addition or deduction.......................... (X) (X) (X) 40 181 27 809 60 033 81 639 77 345 15 161 Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. (X) (X) (X) 10 386 16 238 3 498 3 931 10 922 1 524

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 58 415 12 16 137 15 Mean total income dollars ...................... .. (X) (X) (X) 28 741 102 166 79 996 65 225 59 657 24 496

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 330 1 165 555 445 331 279

Income Levels

Percent ........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under $5,000..................................... 2.9 3.1 2.8 13.8 13.6 13.5 13.8 13.8 13.5

$5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 6.3 6.8 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.8 6.0 5.7

$10,000 to $14,999................................ 7.3 8.3 7.8 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.9 6.3 5.9

$15,000 to $19,999................................ 7.1 8.4 8.5 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.7 6.2 6.3

$20,000 to $24,999................................ 6.9 8.4 8.8 5.6 5.5 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.6

$25,000 to $29,999................................ 6.6 7.7 7.9 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.5 6.2 6.5

$30,000 to $34,999................................ 6.1 7.2 7.3 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.6 6.0 6.1

$35,000 to $39,999................................ 5.7 6.8 6.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.3 5.4

$40,000 to $44,999................................ 5.3 6.0 6.1 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5 5.3 5.4

$45,000 to $49,999................................ 4.7 5.4 5.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7

$50,000 to $59,999................................ 8.5 9.2 9.2 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.8 8.3 8.2

$60,000 to $74,999................................ 10.0 9.1 9.1 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.3 9.9 9.9

$75,000 to $99,999................................ 10.3 7.0 7.0 9.6 9.9 10.5 9.5 7.8 7.8

$100,000 and over ................................ 12.3 6.6 6.6 11.8 12.4 13.5 11.7 8.0 8.0

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 40 816 35 063 35 222 37 284 37 836 39 791 37 159 34 350 34 521

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 192 168 168 199 274 264 229 199 199

Mean dollars .................................... .. 54 842 45 905 46 126 50 856 55 169 57 175 54 110 46 042 46 263

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 287 237 237 292 371 377 367 267 267

Gini ratio ......................................... 0.445 0.434 0.430 0.498 0.513 0.508 0.515 0.493 0.489

Standard error .................................. .0037 .0039 .0039 .0037 .0038 .0038 .0039 .0038 .0038

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 17 262 16 065 16 715 10 554 10 728 10 931 10 367 10 162 10 681

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 17 058 1 834 831 5 905 1 492 3 333

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 11 142 835 1 407 459 355 806

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 79 47 49 6 39 22

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 32 034 28 138 28 382 28 099 28 466 29 791 27 947 26 160 26 513

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 9 150 2 827 8 433 16 829 14 583 6 962

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 10 480 1 717 1 915 1 491 1 371 1 994

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 121 66 17 8 11 21

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 50 851 42 669 42 797 48 089 49 068 51 295 48 027 43 639 43 749

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 6 019 4 221 14 929 18 860 19 493 3 286

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 9 536 2 541 2 633 2 815 3 190 1 305

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 155 64 16 12 19 31

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 79 454 63 412 63 471 77 200 79 470 82 757 77 437 67 680 67 715

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 4 406 6 891 17 547 19 830 20 829 1 075

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 8 994 4 391 3 516 4 469 6 568 1 464

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 187 72 17 17 34 55

Fifth quintile:

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of deduction ......................... (X) (X) (X) 3 548 12 036 18 293 20 214 20 947 504 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 9 683 33 582 5 010 7 491 29 848 1 333

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 243 905 25 34 448 75

60 Experimental Estimates of Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 13. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

After taxesmcon.

Definition 13 plus other

means~tested governmentm

Definition 7

less

state

income

taxes

Definition 8

plus

nonmeans~

tested

 government

cash

transfers

Definition 9

plus

medicare

Definition 10

plus

regular~price

school

 lunches

Definition 11

plus

means~tested

government

 cash

transfers

Definition 12

plus

medicaid

Noncash

transfers

Noncash

transfers

less medical

programs

Definition 14

plus

net

imputed

return

 on equity

in own

home

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14a 15

ALL HOUSEHOLDS

Total ...................................... 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705 104 705

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 98 489 103 136 103 265 103 307 104 110 104 111 104 278 104 278 104 482

With addition or deduction.......................... 70 643 36 611 24 125 13 589 6 568 10 066 12 633 30 569 70 360

Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. 3 138 10 498 5 843 94 5 022 2 665 1 918 5 489 3 004

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 35 60 30 1 83 39 25 30 29

Mean total income dollars ...................... .. 53 120 36 895 41 680 66 339 24 601 36 004 23 699 17 575 61 008

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 310 299 396 765 479 447 206 423 326

Income Levels

Percent ........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $5,000..................................... 13.5 4.2 4.2 4.2 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.2 1.8 $5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 5.8 5.8 5.1 5.1 5.6 5.4 4.9 5.6 4.2 $10,000 to $14,999................................ 6.1 7.2 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.3 8.0 5.9 $15,000 to $19,999................................ 6.6 7.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 7.0 8.1 6.7 $20,000 to $24,999................................ 6.8 8.1 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.4 7.5 $25,000 to $29,999................................ 6.8 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.1 7.8 7.9 $30,000 to $34,999................................ 6.1 6.9 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.1 7.5 $35,000 to $39,999................................ 5.7 6.4 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.9 $40,000 to $44,999................................ 5.3 5.9 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.0 6.5 $45,000 to $49,999................................ 5.0 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 $50,000 to $59,999................................ 8.5 9.2 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.9 10.0 9.3 10.2 $60,000 to $74,999................................ 9.5 10.1 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.2 11.1 $75,000 to $99,999................................ 7.3 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3 7.9 9.1 $100,000 and over ................................ 6.9 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.4 8.4

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 33 467 36 850 38 617 38 632 38 824 39 152 39 264 37 176 41 100

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 196 182 171 171 169 168 167 177 171

Mean dollars .................................... .. 44 146 47 816 49 162 49 175 49 490 49 746 49 977 48 375 51 996

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 247 243 243 243 242 242 241 242 244

Gini ratio ......................................... 0.486 0.433 0.421 0.421 0.416 0.413 0.408 0.423 0.402

Standard error .................................. .0038 .0039 .0038 .0038 .0038 .0038 .0038 .0039 .0038

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 10 560 16 785 18 535 18 541 18 942 19 327 19 728 17 617 20 847

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... 4 145 10 635 5 122 578 3 641 2 941 6 036 8 552 8 285

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 134 8 010 2 381 85 4 271 1 251 2 338 3 184 1 528

Standard error dollars .................... .. 5 54 30 3 79 30 39 31 102

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 25 835 29 519 31 532 31 544 31 778 32 110 32 301 29 945 33 895

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... 14 713 8 930 6 503 1 549 1 266 2 818 3 736 9 036 11 693

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 550 11 364 5 498 88 5 328 2 675 1 640 5 898 2 302

Standard error dollars .................... .. 5 102 32 2 184 51 43 50 42

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 42 259 45 027 46 522 46 531 46 694 46 980 47 039 45 233 49 079

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... 17 002 7 012 5 425 2 919 780 1 941 1 957 5 927 14 717

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 1 365 11 471 7 358 92 5 999 3 453 1 412 6 736 2 605

Standard error dollars .................... .. 9 142 58 1 248 92 50 75 45

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 64 856 66 783 67 709 67 723 67 818 67 981 68 009 66 916 71 038

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... 17 421 5 389 3 798 4 042 473 1 350 705 3 792 16 983

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 2 658 10 967 7 568 97 7 041 3 812 1 399 6 579 2 969

Standard error dollars .................... .. 15 185 77 1 514 134 82 87 52

Fifth quintile:

Percent of households ........................... 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

With type of deduction ......................... 17 361 4 645 3 278 4 501 407 1 016 198 3 262 18 681

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 8 265 12 518 7 428 98 6 568 3 707 1 228 6 863 4 445

Standard error dollars .................... .. 122 264 81 1 537 187 145 103 73

Experimental Estimates of Income 61

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 13. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Money incomem Before taxes After taxes

Money incomem Definition 1 less taxes

plus capital gains (losses)

Excluding

capital

gains

(current

official

measure)

Without

earned

income

credit

(EIC) With EIC

Definition 1

less

government

transfers

Definition 2

plus

capital

gains

(losses)

Definition 3

plus

health

insurance

 supplements

to wage or

salary

income

Definition 4

less

social

security

payroll

 taxes

Definition 5

less

federal

income

taxes

Definition 6

plus

EIC

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 5 6 7

HOUSEHOLDS WITH FEMALE

HOUSEHOLDER, NO HUSBAND

PRESENT, WITH RELATED

CHILDREN UNDER 18

Total ...................................... 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 8 636 8 636 8 636 8 133 8 133 8 133 8 133 8 133 8 133 With addition or deduction.......................... (X) (X) (X) 3 366 1 172 4 165 7 493 4 223 5 313 Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. (X) (X) (X) 6 715 5 895 3 102 2 084 4 250 1 994

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 167 1 046 38 32 345 23 Mean total income dollars ...................... .. (X) (X) (X) 19 086 63 082 45 807 31 878 43 577 23 693

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 904 3 540 1 047 728 841 341

Income Levels

Percent ........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under $5,000..................................... 8.5 9.2 7.8 18.0 18.0 17.8 18.6 18.6 16.7

$5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 12.8 13.4 11.0 9.7 9.5 9.1 10.2 10.2 7.9

$10,000 to $14,999................................ 12.0 13.4 11.3 10.6 10.5 9.8 10.2 10.4 9.3

$15,000 to $19,999................................ 11.5 12.8 14.4 11.0 11.1 10.4 10.5 11.0 11.5

$20,000 to $24,999................................ 9.4 10.1 12.0 8.7 8.7 8.1 8.3 8.9 11.0

$25,000 to $29,999................................ 7.8 8.1 9.2 6.8 6.6 7.1 7.3 7.7 8.6

$30,000 to $34,999................................ 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.6 6.8 6.9 6.3 6.1 6.6

$35,000 to $39,999................................ 5.0 5.5 6.0 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.6 5.7 6.0

$40,000 to $44,999................................ 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.6

$45,000 to $49,999................................ 4.2 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.7

$50,000 to $59,999................................ 5.3 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.6

$60,000 to $74,999................................ 5.2 4.1 4.2 4.7 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.6 5.0

$75,000 to $99,999................................ 4.0 2.1 2.1 3.6 4.1 4.3 3.8 2.7 2.7

$100,000 and over ................................ 2.6 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.5 3.0 2.3 1.7 1.7

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 22 418 20 568 22 181 20 350 20 462 21 700 20 317 19 923 21 941

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 420 358 319 420 441 478 476 430 342

Mean dollars .................................... .. 30 607 26 850 28 062 28 019 28 810 30 289 28 501 26 447 27 660

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 584 447 443 586 655 669 647 499 496

Gini ratio ......................................... 0.455 0.437 0.414 0.497 0.506 0.506 0.508 0.488 0.463

Standard error .................................. .0130 .0130 .0129 .0128 .0133 .0132 .0135 .0128 .0128

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 17 262 16 065 16 715 10 554 10 728 10 931 10 367 10 162 10 681

Percent of households ........................... 39.0 38.9 34.6 29.5 29.6 29.2 29.6 29.2 25.9

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 1 674 35 174 1 613 31 1 027

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 6 590 857 1 926 399 325 1 475

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 223 485 113 11 68 37

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 32 034 28 138 28 382 28 099 28 466 29 791 27 947 26 160 26 513

Percent of households ........................... 26.6 25.9 28.8 33.5 33.5 32.9 32.7 31.9 33.2

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 903 195 1 364 2 707 1 045 2 609

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 6 343 1 475 2 411 1 323 795 2 373

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 343 220 41 14 32 30

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 50 851 42 669 42 797 48 089 49 068 51 295 48 027 43 639 43 749

Percent of households ........................... 17.9 17.4 18.0 20.3 20.2 20.9 20.8 20.5 21.9

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 463 357 1 382 1 734 1 575 1 131

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 6 126 2 333 2 977 2 552 1 840 1 755

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 363 178 50 28 46 56

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 79 454 63 412 63 471 77 200 79 470 82 757 77 437 67 680 67 715

Percent of households ........................... 10.9 11.2 11.9 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.7 12.1 12.5

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 224 369 844 987 1 035 412

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 8 538 3 123 3 738 4 127 4 447 1 648

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 808 268 86 71 116 90

Fifth quintile: Percent of households ........................... 5.5 6.6 6.7 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.3 6.3 6.4 With type of deduction ......................... (X) (X) (X) 102 215 401 453 536 134 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 10 729 21 384 5 054 6 397 17 920 1 673

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 1 025 5 384 183 187 2 527 163

62 Experimental Estimates of Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 13. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

After taxesmcon.

Definition 13 plus other

means~tested governmentm

Definition 7

less

state

income

taxes

Definition 8

plus

nonmeans~

tested

 government

cash

transfers

Definition 9

plus

medicare

Definition 10

plus

regular~price

school

 lunches

Definition 11

plus

means~tested

government

 cash

transfers

Definition 12

plus

medicaid

Noncash

transfers

Noncash

transfers

less medical

programs

Definition 14

plus

net

imputed

return

 on equity

in own

home

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14a 15

HOUSEHOLDS WITH FEMALE

HOUSEHOLDER, NO HUSBAND

PRESENT, WITH RELATED

CHILDREN UNDER 18

Total ...................................... 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735 8 735

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 8 133 8 351 8 366 8 398 8 655 8 656 8 718 8 718 8 721

With addition or deduction.......................... 4 821 2 056 609 2 187 1 817 2 151 4 319 2 464 3 386

Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. 1 278 6 895 4 767 87 4 636 2 555 2 536 3 408 2 079

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 76 230 157 1 143 82 53 95 111

Mean total income dollars ...................... .. 36 261 31 143 42 735 41 163 17 043 29 485 21 775 15 624 44 277

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 685 1 034 1 614 1 087 533 766 314 1 069 795

Income Levels

Percent ........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $5,000..................................... 16.7 12.9 12.9 12.9 7.7 7.6 3.3 3.3 3.0 $5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 7.9 8.8 8.6 8.6 10.6 9.9 7.7 7.7 7.3 $10,000 to $14,999................................ 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 10.3 9.6 11.2 12.7 11.2 $15,000 to $19,999................................ 11.9 12.1 11.8 11.8 12.3 11.8 13.4 14.5 13.2 $20,000 to $24,999................................ 11.1 11.2 10.9 10.9 11.4 11.4 12.4 13.0 12.4 $25,000 to $29,999................................ 9.0 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.7 10.0 11.0 10.7 10.6 $30,000 to $34,999................................ 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.9 7.6 8.1 7.3 8.4 $35,000 to $39,999................................ 5.8 6.2 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.2 7.4 6.6 7.0 $40,000 to $44,999................................ 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.1 5.8 $45,000 to $49,999................................ 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.3 $50,000 to $59,999................................ 4.6 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.1 6.5 5.8 6.2 $60,000 to $74,999................................ 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.5 $75,000 to $99,999................................ 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.4 $100,000 and over ................................ 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 21 729 23 013 23 303 23 333 23 982 24 874 25 841 24 514 26 383

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 346 362 375 368 357 356 345 323 380

Mean dollars .................................... .. 26 954 28 577 28 910 28 932 29 896 30 525 31 779 30 817 32 585

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 462 466 469 469 462 463 453 448 460

Gini ratio ......................................... 0.457 0.440 0.440 0.440 0.416 0.410 0.379 0.382 0.379

Standard error .................................. .0126 .0126 .0126 .0126 .0127 .0126 .0127 .0128 .0126

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 10 560 16 785 18 535 18 541 18 942 19 327 19 728 17 617 20 847

Percent of households ........................... 25.6 35.0 39.3 39.3 38.1 37.2 34.9 30.8 37.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... 225 679 101 341 1 229 751 2 272 571 620

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 105 4 441 1 904 83 4 192 1 400 3 134 1 598 1 407

Standard error dollars .................... .. 12 195 233 4 136 55 79 74 136

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 25 835 29 519 31 532 31 544 31 778 32 110 32 301 29 945 33 895

Percent of households ........................... 33.2 28.0 25.9 25.9 26.7 26.7 28.3 31.0 27.3

With type of addition or deduction ............... 1 712 537 144 566 349 744 1 331 1 047 787

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 340 6 230 4 388 80 5 361 2 658 1 970 3 349 1 275

Standard error dollars .................... .. 10 393 215 2 365 98 83 121 147

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 42 259 45 027 46 522 46 531 46 694 46 980 47 039 45 233 49 079

Percent of households ........................... 22.0 18.5 17.0 17.0 17.1 17.7 18.3 19.2 18.2

With type of addition or deduction ............... 1 517 399 121 585 150 369 505 429 847

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 867 6 877 5 640 89 5 291 3 726 1 773 4 493 1 868

Standard error dollars .................... .. 21 498 246 3 649 226 113 279 158

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 64 856 66 783 67 709 67 723 67 818 67 981 68 009 66 916 71 038

Percent of households ........................... 12.7 11.7 11.1 11.1 11.4 11.7 11.9 12.2 11.1

With type of addition or deduction ............... 908 273 144 432 72 194 173 265 678

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 1 868 10 003 5 618 89 7 170 3 863 1 484 4 739 2 455

Standard error dollars .................... .. 56 786 342 3 1 490 400 162 333 235

Fifth quintile:

Percent of households ........................... 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.3

With type of deduction ......................... 460 168 99 263 17 93 37 152 454

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 5 542 13 933 5 932 95 5 399 3 679 1 534 5 239 4 222

Standard error dollars .................... .. 715 1 227 415 5 1 068 864 438 571 585

Experimental Estimates of Income 63

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 13. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

Money incomem Before taxes After taxes

Money incomem Definition 1 less taxes

plus capital gains (losses)

Excluding

capital

gains

(current

official

measure)

Without

earned

income

credit

(EIC) With EIC

Definition 1

less

government

transfers

Definition 2

plus

capital

gains

(losses)

Definition 3

plus

health

insurance

 supplements

to wage or

salary

income

Definition 4

less

social

security

payroll

 taxes

Definition 5

less

federal

income

taxes

Definition 6

plus

EIC

1 1a 1b 2 3 4 5 6 7

HOUSEHOLDS WITH MEMBERS 65

YEARS OLD AND OVER

Total ...................................... 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 24 164 24 164 24 164 20 635 20 638 20 638 20 638 20 640 20 640

With addition or deduction.......................... (X) (X) (X) 22 755 6 705 4 690 8 426 11 486 1 134

Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. (X) (X) (X) 13 143 9 303 2 826 2 805 8 869 926

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 71 573 42 50 337 47

Mean total income dollars ...................... .. (X) (X) (X) 23 540 61 135 74 389 54 999 45 777 23 691

Standard error dollars ........................ .. (X) (X) (X) 446 1 856 2 283 1 442 791 1 093

Income Levels

Percent ........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $5,000..................................... 2.4 2.4 2.4 36.6 35.7 35.6 35.8 35.8 35.8 $5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 11.9 12.0 12.0 12.1 12.4 12.3 12.5 12.9 12.8 $10,000 to $14,999................................ 14.3 14.2 14.1 9.0 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.7 9.6 $15,000 to $19,999................................ 12.0 12.7 12.7 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.4 7.0 7.1 $20,000 to $24,999................................ 10.7 11.4 11.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.4 5.4 $25,000 to $29,999................................ 7.9 8.2 8.3 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.8 4.8 $30,000 to $34,999................................ 6.3 6.9 6.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 $35,000 to $39,999................................ 5.3 6.0 6.0 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.6 $40,000 to $44,999................................ 4.6 4.5 4.6 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.8 2.8 $45,000 to $49,999................................ 3.2 3.5 3.5 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 $50,000 to $59,999................................ 5.2 5.3 5.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2 $60,000 to $74,999................................ 5.0 4.5 4.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5 $75,000 to $99,999................................ 4.9 4.4 4.4 3.1 3.6 3.8 3.5 2.8 2.8 $100,000 and over ................................ 6.4 4.1 4.1 5.1 5.6 5.7 5.4 3.6 3.6

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 24 378 23 867 23 923 10 621 10 946 11 046 10 795 10 581 10 638

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 230 208 210 232 231 233 235 219 220

Mean dollars .................................... .. 38 066 34 432 34 475 25 746 28 316 28 861 27 888 23 692 23 735

Standard error dollars .......................... .. 480 398 398 474 592 599 584 427 427

Gini ratio ......................................... 0.482 0.453 0.452 0.656 0.674 0.674 0.672 0.646 0.645

Standard error .................................. .0086 .0086 .0086 .0086 .0089 .0088 .0090 .0088 .0088

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 17 262 16 065 16 715 10 554 10 728 10 931 10 367 10 162 10 681

Percent of households ........................... 34.2 31.3 32.9 50.0 49.6 49.8 49.1 49.1 50.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 11 810 1 462 177 1 306 589 396

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 12 361 830 1 408 408 230 436

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 88 43 114 14 12 44

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 32 034 28 138 28 382 28 099 28 466 29 791 27 947 26 160 26 513

Percent of households ........................... 27.8 26.7 25.4 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.8 22.2

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 5 092 1 472 1 008 2 305 4 163 397

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 13 713 1 767 1 717 1 175 1 222 1 254

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 144 83 46 22 19 85

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 50 851 42 669 42 797 48 089 49 068 51 295 48 027 43 639 43 749

Percent of households ........................... 17.2 18.2 18.0 12.0 11.8 11.9 12.0 12.3 11.9

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 2 601 1 167 1 278 1 792 2 919 184

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 13 851 3 346 2 289 2 282 3 934 1 031

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 225 129 51 43 51 120

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 79 454 63 412 63 471 77 200 79 470 82 757 77 437 67 680 67 715

Percent of households ........................... 10.8 11.9 11.8 8.1 8.0 7.8 8.1 8.0 8.0

With type of addition or deduction ............... (X) (X) (X) 1 713 1 120 1 040 1 422 1 918 117

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 14 055 5 896 2 953 3 750 8 472 1 270

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 276 175 72 80 137 192

Fifth quintile:

Percent of households ........................... 10.1 11.9 11.9 7.7 8.4 8.1 8.4 7.8 7.8

With type of deduction ......................... (X) (X) (X) 1 539 1 484 1 187 1 601 1 896 41

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. (X) (X) (X) 15 053 32 378 4 444 6 849 36 344 1 033

Standard error dollars .................... .. (X) (X) (X) 404 2 367 104 154 1 740 241

64 Experimental Estimates of Income

U.S. Census Bureau
Table 13. Income Distribution Measures by Definition of Income: 1999mCon.

[Numbers in thousands. Households as of March of the following year. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Characteristic

After taxesmcon.

Definition 13 plus other

means~tested governmentm

Definition 7

less

state

income

taxes

Definition 8

plus

nonmeans~

tested

 government

cash

transfers

Definition 9

plus

medicare

Definition 10

plus

regular~price

school

 lunches

Definition 11

plus

means~tested

government

 cash

transfers

Definition 12

plus

medicaid

Noncash

transfers

Noncash

transfers

less medical

programs

Definition 14

plus

net

imputed

return

 on equity

in own

home

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14a 15

HOUSEHOLDS WITH MEMBERS 65

YEARS OLD AND OVER

Total ...................................... 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276 24 276

Recipiency Status

With income as defined ............................ 20 640 23 997 24 074 24 075 24 165 24 165 24 178 24 178 24 251

With addition or deduction.......................... 11 727 22 386 21 230 533 1 814 2 540 2 130 21 289 19 570

Mean addition or deduction dollars ............... .. 2 140 12 953 5 971 90 5 024 2 221 1 586 6 220 4 308

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 72 71 33 3 163 60 38 34 55

Mean total income dollars ...................... .. 37 241 33 880 42 401 71 412 29 261 37 449 20 499 17 655 48 179

Standard error dollars ........................ .. 682 393 434 3 245 998 905 552 538 493

Income Levels

Percent ........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under $5,000..................................... 35.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.1 1.4

$5,000 to $9,999 .................................. 12.9 11.5 8.9 8.9 9.4 9.2 8.6 10.8 6.4

$10,000 to $14,999................................ 9.7 13.8 9.0 9.0 9.1 8.9 9.2 15.2 8.3

$15,000 to $19,999................................ 7.4 12.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.8 12.6 8.4

$20,000 to $24,999................................ 5.5 11.0 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.1 10.2 11.2 8.9

$25,000 to $29,999................................ 5.2 8.4 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.4 8.4 9.3

$30,000 to $34,999................................ 3.7 6.5 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 6.8 8.2

$35,000 to $39,999................................ 2.8 5.7 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.1 5.8 7.4

$40,000 to $44,999................................ 2.6 4.5 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.3 4.5 6.9

$45,000 to $49,999................................ 2.1 3.8 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 3.8 5.7

$50,000 to $59,999................................ 3.2 5.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.5 5.2 8.7

$60,000 to $74,999................................ 3.3 4.8 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 4.8 7.7

$75,000 to $99,999................................ 2.7 4.2 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 4.3 6.4

$100,000 and over ................................ 3.1 4.5 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 4.5 6.3

Summary Measures

Median dollars .................................. .. 10 534 23 856 30 466 30 467 30 751 30 997 31 057 24 161 34 467 Standard error dollars .......................... .. 216 223 298 299 302 302 301 217 300 Mean dollars .................................... .. 22 701 34 645 39 867 39 869 40 245 40 477 40 616 35 162 44 089 Standard error dollars .......................... .. 398 405 415 415 415 415 414 404 424 Gini ratio ......................................... 0.639 0.462 0.431 0.431 0.426 0.425 0.422 0.452 0.407 Standard error .................................. .0088 .0085 .0081 .0081 .0081 .0081 .0081 .0085 .0079

Quintile Measures

Lowest quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 10 560 16 785 18 535 18 541 18 942 19 327 19 728 17 617 20 847 Percent of households ........................... 50.1 33.7 27.2 27.2 27.4 27.9 28.3 34.7 25.9 With type of addition or deduction ............... 2 208 7 477 4 319 39 907 882 1 446 6 216 3 796 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 113 8 924 2 417 105 3 756 829 1 768 3 476 2 265 Standard error dollars .................... .. 4 56 31 15 159 36 45 36 114

Second quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 25 835 29 519 31 532 31 544 31 778 32 110 32 301 29 945 33 895 Percent of households ........................... 22.1 26.5 24.6 24.6 24.3 23.9 23.7 25.4 23.2 With type of addition or deduction ............... 3 958 6 133 5 810 29 299 514 344 6 015 4 564 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 497 13 694 5 552 67 5 178 2 192 1 170 6 966 3 448 Standard error dollars .................... .. 10 99 33 5 341 71 81 54 73

Third quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 42 259 45 027 46 522 46 531 46 694 46 980 47 039 45 233 49 079 Percent of households ........................... 12.0 17.4 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.3 17.3 20.7 With type of addition or deduction ............... 2 360 3 934 4 795 77 256 434 186 4 015 4 414 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 1 505 15 356 7 492 82 6 185 3 150 1 263 7 712 4 294 Standard error dollars .................... .. 27 156 63 8 369 127 123 80 84

Fourth quintile:

Upper limit dollars ............................. .. 64 856 66 783 67 709 67 723 67 818 67 981 68 009 66 916 71 038 Percent of households ........................... 8.0 11.4 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.4 11.3 15.8 With type of addition or deduction ............... 1 601 2 504 3 351 136 181 389 106 2 583 3 564 Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 2 831 15 608 7 730 83 6 403 3 407 1 102 7 420 5 284 Standard error dollars .................... .. 59 251 83 5 623 183 138 94 128

Fifth quintile: Percent of households ........................... 7.8 11.0 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.3 13.3 11.2 14.3

With type of deduction ......................... 1 600 2 338 2 954 252 171 320 48 2 459 3 232

Mean amount dollars ....................... .. 9 249 17 005 7 527 96 8 290 3 404 1 428 7 635 6 865

Standard error dollars .................... .. 428 370 86 4 936 240 387 106 202

Experimental Estimates of Income 65

U.S. Census Bureau
Appendix A.

Definitions and Explanations

FAMILY

The term ‘‘family’’ refers to a group of two or more

people related by birth, marriage, or adoption who

reside together; the Census Bureau considers all such

people as members of one family. For example, if the

son of the person who maintains the household and the

son’s wife are members of the household, the Census

Bureau treats them as members of the parent’s family.

Every family must include a reference person. Two or

more people living in the same household who are

related to one another, but are not related to the householder, form an ‘‘unrelated subfamily.’’ Beginning with

the 1980 Current Population Survey (CPS), the Census

Bureau excluded unrelated subfamilies from the count

of families and unrelated subfamily members from the

count of family members.

FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS

Family households are households maintained by a

family (as defined above). Members of family households include any unrelated people (unrelated subfamily members and/or secondary individuals) who may be

residing there. The count of family household members

differs from the count of family members in that the

family household members include all people living in

the household; whereas, family members include only

householders and their relatives. (See the definition of

family.)

GINI RATIO

The Gini ratio (or index of income concentration) is a

statistical measure of income equality ranging from 0 to

1. A measure of 1 indicates perfect inequality; i.e., one

person has all the income and the rest have none. A

measure of 0 indicates perfect equality; i.e., all people

have equal shares of income. For a more detailed discussion, see Current Population Reports, Series P-60,

No. 123.

HOUSEHOLDER

The householder refers to the person (or one of the

people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit.

If a married couple owns the housing unit jointly, the

interviewer may list either as the householder. The person listed first is the householder and is the ‘‘reference

person’’ to whom the Census Bureau designates the

relationship of all other household members. The number of householders is equal to the number of households. Also, the number of family householders is equal

to the number of families.

HOUSEHOLDS

Households consist of all people who occupy a housing unit. The Census Bureau regards a house, an apartment or other group of rooms, or a single room as a

housing unit when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters: the occupants do not

live and eat with any other people in the structure and

there is direct access from the outside or through a

common hall.

A household includes the related family members

and all the unrelated people, if any, such as lodgers,

foster children, wards, or employees who share the

housing unit. The Census Bureau also counts a person

living alone in a housing unit or a group of unrelated

people sharing a housing unit as partners as a household. The count of households excludes group quarters.

INCOME

Official Definition of Income

For each person in the sample 15 years old and over,

the CPS asks questions on the amount of money

income received in the preceding calendar year from

each of the following sources:

1. Earnings.

2. Unemployment compensation.

3. Workers’ compensation.

4. Social security.

5. Supplemental security income.

6. Public assistance.

7. Veterans’ payments.

8. Survivor benefits.

9. Disability benefits.

10. Pension or retirement income.

11. Interest.

Appendix A A–1

U.S. Census Bureau
12. Dividends.

13. Rents, royalties, and estates and trusts.

14. Educational assistance.

15. Alimony.

16. Child support.

17. Financial assistance from outside of the household.

18. Other income.

Alternative measures of income (definitions 1

through 15 shown in table 13) are shown on page A–4.

It should be noted that although the income statistics refer to receipts during the preceding calendar year,

the demographic characteristics, such as age, labor

force status, and family or household composition, are

as of the survey date. The income of the family/

household does not include amounts received by

people who were members during all or part of the

income year if these people no longer resided in the

family/household at the time of interview. However, the

CPS collects income data for people who are current

residents but did not reside in the household during the

income year.

Data on consumer income collected in the CPS by the

Census Bureau cover money income received (exclusive

of certain money receipts such as capital gains) before

payments for personal income taxes, social security,

union dues, medicare deductions, etc. Therefore,

money income does not reflect the fact that some families may receive noncash benefits, such as food stamps,

health benefits, rent-free housing, and goods produced

and consumed on the farm. In addition, money income

does not reflect the fact that noncash benefits are also

received by some nonfarm residents which often take

the form of the use of business transportation and

facilities, full or partial payments by business for retirement programs, medical and educational expenses, etc.

Data users should consider these elements when comparing income levels. Moreover, readers should be

aware that for many different reasons there is a tendency in household surveys for respondents to under

report their income. Based on an analysis of independently derived income estimates, the Census Bureau

determined that respondents report income earned

from wages or salaries much better than other sources

of income and that the reported wage and salary

income is nearly equal to independent estimates of

aggregate income.

The Census Bureau collects data for the following

income sources.

Earnings. The Census Bureau classifies earnings from

longest job (or self-employment) and other employment

earnings into three types:

1. Money wage or salary income is the total income

people receive for work performed as an employee

during the income year. This category includes

wages, salary, armed forces pay, commissions, tips,

piece-rate payments, and cash bonuses earned,

before deductions are made for items such as

taxes, bonds, pensions, and union dues.

2. Net income from nonfarm self-employment is the

net money income (gross receipts minus expenses)

from one’s own business, professional enterprise,

or partnership. Gross receipts include the value of

all goods sold and services rendered. Expenses

include items such as costs of goods purchased,

rent, heat, power, depreciation charges, wages and

salaries paid, and business taxes (not personal

income taxes). In general, the Census Bureau considers inventory changes in determining net income

from nonfarm self-employment; replies based on

income tax returns or other official records do

reflect inventory changes. However, when respondents do not report values of inventory changes,

interviewers will accept net income figures exclusive of inventory changes. The Census Bureau does

not include the value of saleable merchandise consumed by the proprietors of retail stores as part of

net income.

3. Net income from farm self-employment is the net

money income (gross receipts minus operating

expenses) from the operation of a farm by a person

on their own account as an owner, renter, or sharecropper. Gross receipts include the value of all

products sold, payments from government farm

programs, money received from the rental of farm

equipment to others, rent received from farm property if payment is made based on a percentage of

crops produced, and incidental receipts from the

sale of items such as wood, sand, and gravel. Operating expenses include items such as cost of feed,

fertilizer, seed, and other farming supplies; cash

wages paid to farmhands; depreciation charges;

cash rent; interest on farm mortgages; farm building repairs; and farm taxes (not state and federal

personal income taxes). The Census Bureau does

not include the value of fuel, food, or other farm

products used for family living as part of net

income. In determining farm self-employment

income, the Census Bureau considers inventory

changes in determining net income only when they

are accounted for in replies based on income tax

returns or other official records which reflect inventory changes; otherwise, the Census Bureau does

not take inventory changes into account.

Unemployment compensation includes payments

the respondent received from government unemployment agencies or private companies during periods of

unemployment and any strike benefits the respondent

received from union funds.

A–2 Appendix A

U.S. Census Bureau
Workers’ compensation includes payments people

receive periodically from public or private insurance

companies for injuries received at work.

Social security includes social security pensions and

survivors’ benefits and permanent disability insurance

payments made by the Social Security Administration

before deductions for medical insurance. The Census

Bureau does not include medicare reimbursements for

health services as social security benefits.

Supplemental security income includes federal,

state, and local welfare agency payments to low-income

people who are 65 years old or over or people of any

age who are blind or disabled.

Public assistance or welfare payments include

cash public assistance payments low-income people

receive, such as aid to families with dependent children

(AFDC, ADC), temporary assistance to needy families

(TANF), general assistance, and emergency assistance.

Veterans’ payments include payments disabled members of the armed forces or survivors of deceased veterans receive periodically from the Department of Veterans Affairs for education and on-the-job training, and

means-tested assistance to veterans.

Survivor benefits include payments people receive

from survivors’ or widows’ pensions, estates, trusts,

annuities, or any other types of survivor benefits.

Respondents can report payments from ten different

sources: private companies or unions; federal government (Civil Service); military; state or local governments; railroad retirement; workers’ compensation;

Black lung payments; estates and trusts; annuities or

paid-up insurance policies; and other survivor payments.

Disability benefits include payments people receive

as a result of a health problem or disability (other than

those from social security). Respondents can report

payments from ten sources: workers’ compensation;

companies or unions; federal government (Civil Service); military; state or local governments; railroad

retirement; accident or disability insurance; Black lung

payments; state temporary sickness; or other disability

payments.

Pension or retirement income includes payments

people receive from eight sources: companies or

unions; federal government (Civil Service); military;

state or local governments; railroad retirement; annuities or paid-up insurance policies; individual retirement

accounts (IRAs), Keogh, or 401(k) payments; or other

retirement income.

Interest income includes payments people receive (or

have credited to accounts) from bonds, treasury notes,

IRAs, certificates of deposit, interest-bearing savings

and checking accounts, and all other investments that

pay interest.

Dividends include income people receive from stock

holdings and mutual fund shares. The CPS does not

include capital gains from the sale of stock holdings as

income.

Rents, royalties, and estates and trusts include

the net income people receive from the rental of a

house, store, or other property, receipts from boarders

or lodgers, net royalty income, and periodic payments

from estate or trust funds.

Educational assistance includes Pell Grants; other

government educational assistance; any scholarships or

grants; or financial assistance students receive from

employers, friends, or relatives not residing in the student’s household.

Child support includes all periodic payments a parent

receives from an absent parent for the support of children, even if these payments are made through a state

or local government office.

Alimony includes all periodic payments people receive

from ex-spouses. Alimony excludes one-time property

settlements.

Financial assistance from outside of the household includes periodic payments people receive from

nonhousehold members. This type of assistance

excludes gifts or sporadic assistance.

Other income includes all other payments people

receive regularly that are not included elsewhere on the

questionnaire. Some examples are state programs such

as foster child payments, military family allotments,

and income received from foreign government pensions.

Government transfers include payments people

receive from the following sources: (1) unemployment

compensation, (2) state workers’ compensation, (3)

social security, (4) supplemental security income (SSI),

(5) public assistance, (6) veterans’ benefits, (7) government survivor benefits, (8) government disability benefits, (9) government pensions, and (10) government

educational assistance.

The Census Bureau does not count the following

receipts as income: (1) capital gains people receive (or

losses they incur) from the sale of property, including

stocks, bonds, a house, or a car (unless the person was

engaged in the business of selling such property, in

which case the CPS counts the net proceeds as income

from self-employment); (2) withdrawals of bank deposits; (3) money borrowed; (4) tax refunds; (5) gifts; and

(6) lump-sum inheritances or insurance payments.

Appendix A A–3

U.S. Census Bureau
The Census Bureau combines all sources of income

into two major types:

1. Total money earnings is the algebraic sum of

money wages and salary and net income from farm

and nonfarm self-employment.

2. Income other than earnings is the algebraic sum of

all sources of money income except wages and

salaries and income from self-employment.

Alternative Measures of Income

Table 13 shows data for the following 15 definitions

of income.

1. Money income excluding capital gains before

taxes. This is the official definition used in Census

Bureau reports.

a. Money income after taxes (without earned

income credit (EIC)). This is definition 1 minus

federal and state income taxes exclusive of the

EIC, minus payroll taxes, plus capital gains, and

minus capital losses.

b. Money income after taxes (including EIC). This

is definition 1a plus the federal and state EIC.

(See definition 7.)

2. Definition 1 less government cash transfers. Government cash transfers include nonmeans-tested

transfers such as social security payments, unemployment compensation, and government educational assistance (e.g., Pell Grants), as well as

means-tested transfers such as aid to families with

dependent children (AFDC, ADC), temporary assistance to needy families (TANF), and supplemental

security income (SSI). (For a complete listing of

transfer income, see definitions 9 and 12.)

3. Definition 2 plus capital gains. Realized capital

gains and losses are simulated as part of the Census Bureau’s federal individual income tax estimation procedure.

4. Definition 3 plus imputed health insurance supplements to wage or salary income. Employer-paid

health insurance coverage is treated as part of

total worker compensation.

5. Definition 4 less payroll taxes. Payroll taxes are

payments for social security old age, survivors,

and disability insurance, and for hospital insurance

(medicare).

6. Definition 5 less federal income taxes. Definition 7

shows the effect of the earned income credit (targeted to low-income workers) separately.

7. Definition 6 plus the earned income credit.

Includes federal EIC and EIC for nine states (Iowa,

Kansas, Massachusetts, Maryland, New York,

Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin)

that use federal eligibility rules to compute the

state credit as a percentage of the federal EIC.

8. Definition 7 less state income taxes.

9. Definition 8 plus nonmeans-tested government

cash transfers. Nonmeans-tested government cash

transfers include social security payments, unemployment compensation, workers’ compensation,

nonmeans-tested veterans’ payments, U.S. railroad

retirement, Black lung payments, Pell Grants, and

other government educational assistance. (Pell

Grants are income-tested but are included here

because they are very different from the assistance

programs included in the means-tested category.)

10. Definition 9 plus the value of medicare. Medicare is

counted at its fungible value.1

11. Definition 10 plus the value of regular-price school

lunches.

12. Definition 11 plus means-tested government cash

transfers. Means-tested government cash transfers include AFDC, ADC, TANF, SSI, other public

assistance programs, and means-tested veterans’

payments.

13. Definition 12 plus the value of medicaid. This definition counts medicaid at its fungible value.

14. Definition 13 plus the value of other means-tested

government noncash transfers, including food

stamps, rent subsidies, and free and reduced-price

school lunches.

a. Definition 14 less medical programs. This is

cash income plus all noncash income except

imputed income from own home, minus the

fungible values of medicaid and medicare.

15. Definition 14 plus net imputed return on equity in

one’s own home. This definition includes the estimated annual benefit of converting one’s home

equity into an annuity, net of property taxes.

MEAN INCOME

Mean income is the amount obtained by dividing the

total aggregate income of a group by the number of

units in that group. The means for households, families,

1

The fungible approach for valuing medical coverage

assigns income to the extent that having the insurance would

free up resources that would have been spent on medical care.

The estimated fungible value depends on family income, the

cost of food and housing needs, and the market value of the

medical benefits. If family income is not sufficient to cover the

family’s basic food and housing requirements, the fungible

value methodology treats medicare and medicaid as having no

income value. If family income exceeds the cost of food and

housing requirements, the fungible value of medicare and

medicaid is equal to the amount which exceeds the value

assigned for food and housing requirements (up to the amount

of the market value of an equivalent insurance policy (total

cost divided by the number of participants in each risk class)).

A–4 Appendix A

U.S. Census Bureau
and unrelated individuals are based on all households,

families, and unrelated individuals. The means for

people are based on people 15 years old and over with

income.

MEDIAN INCOME

Median income is the amount which divides the

income distribution into two equal groups, half having

incomes above the median, half having incomes below

the median. The medians for households, families, and

unrelated individuals are based on all households, families, and unrelated individuals. The medians for people

are based on people 15 years old and over with

income.

PER CAPITA INCOME

Per capita income is the mean income computed for

every man, woman, and child in a particular group. The

Census Bureau derived per capita income by dividing

the total income of a particular group by the total population in that group (excluding patients or inmates in

institutional quarters).

POPULATION COVERAGE

This report includes the civilian noninstitutional

population of the United States and members of the

armed forces in the United States living off post or with

their families on post, but excludes all other members

of the armed forces.

The Census Bureau collected the information on the

Hispanic population shown in this report in the 50

states and the District of Columbia. Therefore, the Hispanic population does not include residents of outlying

areas or U.S. territories such as Guam, Puerto Rico, and

the Virgin Islands.

ROUNDING

The Census Bureau rounds percentages to the nearest tenth of a percent; therefore, the percentages in a

distribution do not always add to exactly 100.0 percent.

SYMBOLS

The Census Bureau uses the following abbreviations

and symbols in this publication:

– Represents zero or rounds to zero.

B The base for the derived figure is less than

75,000.

NA Not available.

r Revised.

X Not applicable.

UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS

The term ‘‘unrelated individuals’’ refers to people 15

years and over (other than inmates of institutions) who

are not living with any relatives. An unrelated individual

may either:

• Constitute a one-person household,

• Be part of a household including one or more other

unrelated individuals or families,

or

• Reside in group quarters, such as a rooming house.

Thus, a widow living by herself or with one or more

other people not related to her, a lodger not related to

the householder or to anyone else in the household,

and a servant living in an employer’s household with no

relatives are examples of unrelated individuals.

WORK EXPERIENCE

A person with work experience is one who, during

the preceding calendar year, did any work for pay or

profit or worked without pay on a family-operated farm

or business at any time during the year, on a part-time

or full-time basis. A full-time worker is one who worked

35 hours or more per week during a majority of the

weeks worked during the preceding calendar year. A

year-round worker is one who worked for 50 weeks or

more during the preceding calendar year. A full-time,

year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35

or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during

the previous calendar year.

Appendix A A–5

U.S. Census Bureau
Appendix B.

Time Series Estimates of Income

This appendix includes time series estimates of income

for households, families, and people by race and Hispanic

origin. We adjusted the money income estimates in this

appendix for changes in cost of living. This adjustment

allows data users to more accurately assess changes in

economic well-being over time. The Census Bureau uses

the experimental Consumer Price Index (CPI-U-X1) (provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) for 1967 through

1982 and the CPI-U for 1983 through 1999, to adjust for

changes in the cost of living.1 See the Current Population

Reports, P-60, No. 174, Money Income of Households,

Families, and Persons in the United States: 1990, for a discussion of the uses of the CPI-U-X1 and CPI-U as price

deflators.

To assist the data users in the interpretation of the time

series data, we have included the following table showing

the periods of recession from 1946 to present.

Recessionary Periods

Peak month Year Trough month Year

November ................. 1948 October .................. 1949

July. . . .................... 1953 May...................... 1954

August .................... 1957 April ..................... 1958

April . ..................... 1960 February ................. 1961

December ................. 1969 November ................ 1970

November ................. 1973 March .................... 1975

January . . ................. 1980 July ...................... 1980

July. . . .................... 1981 November ................ 1982

July. . . .................... 1990 March .................... 1991

Source: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138

1

The Census Bureau derived the experimental Consumer Price

Indexes (CPI-U-X1) included in this appendix for years before

1967 by applying the CPI-U-X1-to-CPI-U ratio for 1967 to the 1947

through 1966 CPI-U indexes.

Appendix B B–1

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–1. Annual Average Consumer Price Index (CPI-U): 1947 to 1999

Year CPI-U1

1947. . . .......................................... 24.2

1948. . . .......................................... 26.2

1949. . . .......................................... 25.9

1950. . . .......................................... 26.2

1951. . . .......................................... 28.3

1952. . . .......................................... 28.8

1953. . . .......................................... 29.0

1954. . . .......................................... 29.2

1955. . . .......................................... 29.1

1956. . . .......................................... 29.6

1957. . . .......................................... 30.5

1958. . . .......................................... 31.4

1959. . . .......................................... 31.6

1960. . . .......................................... 32.2

1961. . . .......................................... 32.5

1962. . . .......................................... 32.8

1963. . . .......................................... 33.3

1964. . . .......................................... 33.7

1965. . . .......................................... 34.2

1966. . . .......................................... 35.2

1967. . . .......................................... 36.3

1968. . . .......................................... 37.7

1969. . . .......................................... 39.4

1970. . . .......................................... 41.3

1971. . . .......................................... 43.1

1972. . . .......................................... 44.4

1973. . . .......................................... 47.2

Year CPI-U1

1974............................................. 51.9

1975............................................. 56.2

1976............................................. 59.4

1977............................................. 63.2

1978............................................. 67.5

1979............................................. 74.0

1980............................................. 82.3

1981............................................. 90.1

1982............................................. 95.6

1983............................................. 99.6

1984............................................. 103.9

1985............................................. 107.6

1986............................................. 109.6

1987............................................. 113.6

1988............................................. 118.3

1989............................................. 124.0

1990............................................. 130.7

1991............................................. 136.2

1992............................................. 140.3

1993............................................. 144.5

1994............................................. 148.2

1995............................................. 152.4

1996............................................. 156.9

1997............................................. 160.5

1998............................................. 163.0

1999............................................. 166.6

1

The Census Bureau uses the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ experimental Consumer Price Index (CPI-U-X1) for 1967 through 1982 and the CPI-U for

1983 through 1999. The Census Bureau derived the CPI-U indexes for years before 1967 by applying the 1967 CPI-U-X1-to-CPI-U ratio to the 1947

to 1966 CPI-U indexes.

Note: Data users can compute the percentage changes in prices between earlier years’ data and 1999 by dividing the annual average Consumer

Price Index (CPI-U) for 1999 by the annual average for the earlier year(s).

U.S. Census Bureau

B–2 Appendix B
Table B–2. Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder:

1967 to 1999

[Households as of March of the following year. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983, constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of house~

holder and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

ALL RACES

1999 104 705 .............. 100.0 2.9 6.3 7.3 14.1 12.7 15.8 18.4 10.3 12.3 40 816 192 54 842 287

1998 103 874 .............. 100.0 3.2 6.9 7.6 13.8 13.1 15.8 18.7 9.8 11.1 39 744 235 53 000 286

1997 102 528 .............. 100.0 3.3 7.3 7.8 14.6 12.9 16.3 18.3 9.4 10.3 38 411 171 51 579 280

1996 101 018 .............. 100.0 3.2 7.8 8.1 14.6 13.4 16.1 18.3 9.0 9.5 37 686 190 50 036 280

19951 ............. 99 627 100.0 3.2 7.6 8.0 15.0 13.6 16.6 18.0 8.9 9.0 37 251 216 49 126 269

19942 ............. 98 990 100.0 3.5 8.0 8.3 15.3 13.4 16.3 17.6 8.6 9.0 36 270 166 48 488 261

19933 ............. 97 107 100.0 3.7 8.2 8.3 14.9 13.9 16.2 17.7 8.6 8.5 36 019 169 47 764 259

19924 ............. 96 426 100.0 3.7 8.3 8.1 15.1 13.2 16.9 18.2 8.4 8.1 36 379 172 46 121 193

1991 95 669 .............. 100.0 3.4 8.3 7.8 14.8 13.7 16.9 18.3 8.8 8.1 36 850 178 46 386 191

1990 94 312 .............. 100.0 3.2 7.8 7.4 14.3 13.7 17.5 18.5 9.1 8.5 38 168 195 47 676 201

1989 93 347 .............. 100.0 3.0 7.6 7.5 14.2 13.3 16.9 19.1 9.2 9.2 38 836 214 49 066 214

1988 92 830 .............. 100.0 3.1 8.1 7.3 14.3 12.8 17.3 19.2 9.3 8.5 38 340 187 47 905 214

19875 ............. 91 124 100.0 3.3 8.1 7.5 14.4 13.0 16.9 19.2 9.3 8.3 38 220 182 47 531 195

1986 89 479 .............. 100.0 3.5 8.1 7.3 14.6 13.3 17.1 19.0 9.1 8.0 37 845 196 46 756 190

19856 ............. 88 458 100.0 3.5 8.3 7.8 15.1 13.6 17.6 18.4 8.8 7.0 36 568 198 45 003 178

1984 86 789 .............. 100.0 3.3 8.4 7.9 15.2 13.8 17.8 18.4 8.4 6.6 35 942 164 44 038 161

19837 ............. 85 290 100.0 3.5 8.4 8.1 15.5 14.4 17.5 18.5 7.9 6.1 35 157 158 42 836 158

1982 83 918 .............. 100.0 3.5 8.7 8.3 15.4 14.3 18.2 18.1 7.7 5.7 35 152 158 42 362 156

1981 83 527 .............. 100.0 3.3 8.8 8.2 15.9 13.6 18.3 18.8 7.8 5.4 35 269 185 42 134 153

1980 82 368 .............. 100.0 3.0 8.6 8.2 15.3 13.9 18.4 19.4 7.6 5.5 35 851 184 42 638 156

19798 ............. 80 776 100.0 2.9 8.4 7.6 15.0 13.7 18.3 20.2 7.9 6.0 37 060 176 44 023 167

1978 77 330 .............. 100.0 2.7 8.4 8.0 14.9 13.6 18.7 19.9 8.1 5.7 37 180 150 43 761 168

1977 76 030 .............. 100.0 2.8 8.6 8.5 15.1 14.2 18.4 19.9 7.5 5.0 35 777 135 42 441 129

19769 ............. 74 142 100.0 2.8 8.7 8.2 15.3 14.2 19.3 19.7 7.2 4.6 35 581 132 41 852 129

197510 ............ 72 867 100.0 3.0 8.9 8.5 15.4 14.4 19.5 19.2 6.8 4.3 34 980 142 40 847 128

197410 11 .......... 71 163 100.0 2.9 8.5 7.8 14.9 14.7 19.9 19.5 7.2 4.7 35 943 138 42 032 132

1973 69 859 .............. 100.0 3.4 7.8 7.9 14.5 13.6 20.1 20.0 7.6 5.1 37 104 141 42 910 131

197212 ............ 68 251 100.0 3.8 8.1 7.6 14.6 14.4 20.0 19.4 7.3 4.9 36 385 139 42 348 131

197113 ............ 66 676 100.0 4.2 8.6 7.5 15.0 15.2 20.6 18.6 6.2 4.0 34 897 135 40 134 128

1970 64 778 .............. 100.0 4.5 8.4 7.4 14.5 15.2 21.2 18.7 6.1 4.0 35 232 129 40 343 129

1969 63 401 .............. 100.0 4.3 8.5 7.1 14.1 15.9 21.2 19.2 6.0 3.9 35 473 131 40 356 127

1968 62 214 .............. 100.0 4.7 8.3 7.4 15.0 16.2 22.2 17.8 5.2 3.2 34 217 124 38 712 124

196714 ............ 60 813 100.0 5.5 8.7 7.8 15.2 17.1 21.4 16.4 4.6 3.2 32 783 120 36 665 120

WHITE

1999 87 671 .............. 100.0 2.3 5.5 7.0 13.9 12.6 16.0 19.1 10.8 12.9 42 504 240 56 908 324

1998 87 212 .............. 100.0 2.5 6.0 7.2 13.5 13.1 16.0 19.5 10.2 11.9 41 816 210 55 404 326 1997 86 106 .............. 100.0 2.7 6.4 7.5 14.3 12.8 16.4 19.0 9.9 11.1 40 453 245 53 872 312 1996 85 059 .............. 100.0 2.4 6.9 7.7 14.4 13.4 16.4 19.1 9.5 10.2 39 459 203 52 023 308 19951 ............. 84 511 100.0 2.6 6.7 7.6 14.7 13.6 16.9 18.7 9.4 9.7 39 099 204 51 083 296 19942 ............. 83 737 100.0 2.8 7.0 8.0 15.0 13.3 16.8 18.3 9.1 9.7 38 253 215 50 625 294 19933 ............. 82 387 100.0 3.0 7.1 7.9 14.6 13.9 16.8 18.5 9.1 9.2 38 001 222 49 905 288 19924 ............. 81 795 100.0 2.8 7.1 7.7 14.9 13.2 17.3 19.1 9.0 8.7 38 246 185 48 204 215 1991 81 675 .............. 100.0 2.6 7.1 7.4 14.5 13.9 17.3 19.2 9.3 8.7 38 615 187 48 345 211 1990 80 968 .............. 100.0 2.5 6.7 7.0 14.1 13.8 17.9 19.3 9.6 9.1 39 809 182 49 600 222

1989 80 163 .............. 100.0 2.3 6.5 7.1 13.9 13.4 17.2 20.0 9.7 9.9 40 852 199 51 110 236 1988 79 734 .............. 100.0 2.5 6.9 6.8 13.9 12.9 17.8 20.1 9.9 9.1 40 532 239 49 949 235 19875 ............. 78 519 100.0 2.6 6.9 7.0 14.0 13.0 17.4 20.2 9.9 8.9 40 268 203 49 562 214 1986 77 284 .............. 100.0 2.8 7.2 6.9 14.2 13.3 17.5 19.9 9.7 8.5 39 788 193 48 703 209 19856 ............. 76 576 100.0 2.9 7.2 7.4 14.6 13.7 18.0 19.3 9.3 7.6 38 565 205 46 850 196 1984 75 328 .............. 100.0 2.8 7.4 7.4 14.8 13.9 18.4 19.3 8.9 7.1 37 917 191 45 854 178 19837 ............. 74 170 100.0 2.9 7.3 7.5 15.2 14.6 18.1 19.4 8.4 6.6 36 857 166 44 625 173 1982 73 182 .............. 100.0 2.9 7.7 7.8 15.0 14.4 18.7 19.0 8.3 6.2 36 800 168 44 109 173 1981 72 845 .............. 100.0 2.7 7.7 7.6 15.4 13.7 18.9 19.7 8.3 5.9 37 264 172 43 901 167 1980 71 872 .............. 100.0 2.5 7.6 7.6 14.9 14.0 18.9 20.5 8.1 6.0 37 822 194 44 359 170

19798 ............. 70 766 100.0 2.5 7.5 7.0 14.5 13.8 18.7 21.1 8.5 6.5 38 856 185 45 759 182 1978 68 028 .............. 100.0 2.4 7.3 7.5 14.5 13.6 19.0 20.9 8.6 6.1 38 651 171 45 382 183 1977 66 934 .............. 100.0 2.5 7.6 7.9 14.5 14.2 18.9 21.0 7.9 5.5 37 622 158 44 099 142 19769 ............. 65 353 100.0 2.5 7.8 7.6 14.8 14.2 19.7 20.7 7.7 5.0 37 271 154 43 462 140 197510 ............ 64 392 100.0 2.6 7.9 7.9 15.1 14.3 20.1 20.2 7.3 4.6 36 580 134 42 355 139 197410 11 .......... 62 984 100.0 2.5 7.6 7.2 14.3 14.7 20.5 20.4 7.7 5.1 37 589 141 43 589 141 1973 61 965 .............. 100.0 2.9 7.1 7.3 13.9 13.5 20.6 21.1 8.1 5.5 38 886 148 44 569 141 197212 ............ 60 618 100.0 3.3 7.4 7.0 13.9 14.3 20.6 20.3 7.8 5.4 38 172 146 43 995 143 197113 ............ 59 463 100.0 3.8 7.8 7.1 14.4 15.1 21.4 19.6 6.6 4.3 36 502 139 41 588 135 1970 57 575 .............. 100.0 4.0 7.7 6.9 13.9 15.1 21.9 19.7 6.5 4.4 36 696 141 41 755 137

1969 56 248 .............. 100.0 3.8 7.8 6.5 13.3 15.7 22.0 20.3 6.3 4.2 37 020 135 41 853 140

1968 55 394 .............. 100.0 4.2 7.7 6.8 14.2 16.3 23.1 18.8 5.6 3.4 35 627 133 40 104 133

196714 ............ 54 188 100.0 5.0 8.1 7.1 14.5 17.3 22.3 17.4 4.9 3.4 34 188 124 38 006 129

See footnotes at end of table.

Appendix B B–3

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–2. Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder:

1967 to 1999mCon.

[Households as of March of the following year. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983, constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of house~

holder and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

BLACK

1999 12 849 .............. 100.0 6.3 12.2 10.1 16.4 13.7 14.7 14.0 6.5 6.1 27 910 520 38 448 550

1998 12 579 .............. 100.0 7.2 13.9 10.3 17.3 13.6 14.3 13.4 5.7 4.3 25 911 406 34 893 466

1997 12 474 .............. 100.0 7.0 13.7 10.4 17.9 13.9 15.0 13.6 4.7 3.8 26 002 428 34 212 467

1996 12 109 .............. 100.0 7.6 14.2 11.4 17.0 13.9 14.5 13.2 4.6 3.6 24 934 491 34 467 674

19951 ............. 11 577 100.0 7.5 14.5 11.0 17.6 14.2 14.5 12.6 5.0 3.0 24 480 418 33 232 568

19942 ............. 11 655 100.0 8.1 15.6 10.6 18.1 13.5 12.7 12.7 4.9 3.8 23 638 439 32 892 472

19933 ............. 11 281 100.0 9.0 16.3 11.8 17.3 13.8 12.6 11.5 4.4 3.2 22 521 445 31 393 521

19924 ............. 11 269 100.0 9.6 16.7 11.2 16.9 13.4 14.0 11.5 3.8 2.9 22 270 455 30 221 410

1991 11 083 .............. 100.0 8.9 17.1 10.5 17.0 13.0 14.5 12.0 4.3 2.7 23 005 483 30 633 400

1990 10 671 .............. 100.0 8.6 16.2 10.8 16.2 13.5 14.8 12.3 4.6 3.0 23 805 543 31 629 427

1989 10 486 .............. 100.0 8.1 16.2 10.1 16.9 13.6 14.4 12.2 5.5 3.0 24 295 495 32 239 438

1988 10 561 .............. 100.0 7.4 17.6 11.4 16.7 13.0 13.6 12.2 5.1 3.1 23 105 481 31 654 462

19875 ............. 10 192 100.0 8.0 17.3 10.8 17.7 13.6 13.4 11.8 4.4 3.0 22 984 443 31 034 427

1986 9 922 .............. 100.0 9.3 15.7 10.9 17.8 13.3 13.7 12.3 4.1 2.9 22 922 450 30 755 418

19856 ............. 9 797 100.0 7.6 16.9 11.1 18.7 13.3 14.3 11.5 4.6 2.0 22 945 446 29 937 388

1984 9 480 .............. 100.0 7.6 17.2 12.3 18.8 13.8 13.6 10.8 4.0 1.8 21 601 415 28 807 355

19837 ............. 9 243 100.0 8.5 17.1 13.0 18.5 13.5 13.4 10.9 3.7 1.5 20 864 389 27 791 341

1982 8 916 .............. 100.0 8.2 17.4 12.4 19.2 13.2 14.5 11.2 2.5 1.4 20 857 334 27 442 343

1981 8 961 .............. 100.0 7.7 18.1 12.6 19.4 12.8 13.7 11.3 3.4 1.1 20 911 352 27 470 333

1980 8 847 .............. 100.0 7.1 16.9 13.0 18.9 13.8 14.3 11.0 3.6 1.4 21 790 411 28 279 349

19798 ............. 8 586 100.0 6.7 16.1 12.4 19.4 13.4 14.7 12.2 3.6 1.5 22 813 417 29 273 360

1978 8 066 .............. 100.0 5.5 17.3 12.3 18.3 13.8 15.4 11.7 4.1 1.6 23 228 492 29 684 387

1977 7 977 .............. 100.0 5.3 17.0 12.8 20.4 14.6 13.9 11.3 3.6 1.2 22 201 297 28 446 253

19769 ............. 7 776 100.0 5.3 17.0 13.2 19.1 14.3 15.4 11.4 3.1 1.1 22 163 275 28 317 252

197510 ............ 7 489 100.0 6.2 17.1 13.9 18.5 15.1 14.7 10.8 2.8 0.9 21 961 323 27 412 243

197410 11 .......... 7 263 100.0 6.0 16.2 12.7 19.9 15.5 14.9 11.3 2.5 1.0 22 355 270 27 802 247

1973 7 040 .............. 100.0 6.8 14.2 13.6 19.7 14.9 15.8 10.6 3.0 1.3 22 890 357 28 424 282

197212 ............ 6 809 100.0 7.8 14.5 12.5 20.2 15.4 14.2 11.5 2.6 1.3 22 280 334 28 145 300

197113 ............ 6 578 100.0 8.4 15.6 11.8 20.8 16.2 14.3 9.6 2.5 0.8 21 561 321 26 718 275

1970 6 180 .............. 100.0 8.8 14.6 12.2 20.2 15.8 15.0 9.9 2.6 1.0 22 336 307 27 273 294

1969 6 053 .............. 100.0 8.7 14.6 12.0 20.8 17.0 14.8 9.2 2.3 0.7 22 377 330 26 639 283

1968 5 870 .............. 100.0 9.1 14.4 13.0 22.3 15.2 14.7 8.4 2.2 0.6 21 008 305 25 587 270

196714 ............ 5 728 100.0 10.7 15.1 13.9 21.7 15.9 12.8 7.2 1.8 1.0 19 850 330 23 851 266

ASIAN AND

PACIFIC

ISLANDER

1999 3 337 .............. 100.0 4.0 4.5 5.2 9.8 10.5 15.1 18.2 11.6 21.1 51 205 1 877 67 612 1 812

1998 3 308 .............. 100.0 4.6 4.3 5.5 10.9 11.2 15.6 18.8 13.5 15.6 47 667 1 327 61 538 1 777

1997 3 125 .............. 100.0 4.6 5.0 6.2 10.0 10.3 17.2 19.1 12.1 15.6 46 969 1 305 61 128 1 894

1996 2 998 .............. 100.0 4.1 6.3 5.9 10.4 10.6 16.7 18.5 12.1 15.3 45 952 1 648 60 042 2 154

19951 ............. 2 777 100.0 4.8 5.3 6.7 10.5 11.9 16.6 19.6 11.1 13.5 44 397 1 114 60 374 2 436

19942 ............. 2 040 100.0 4.5 5.1 7.1 11.0 12.0 14.5 20.1 11.0 14.7 45 507 1 725 59 088 2 105

19933 ............. 2 233 100.0 4.6 7.2 6.4 12.9 10.7 13.1 19.1 13.0 13.1 44 211 2 175 57 929 2 332

19924 ............. 2 262 100.0 4.3 5.5 6.4 12.7 9.7 17.5 18.6 12.2 13.1 44 887 1 295 55 632 1 529

1991 2 094 .............. 100.0 4.0 6.0 5.7 12.8 11.4 15.8 18.9 11.7 13.7 44 584 1 439 56 607 1 668

1990 1 958 .............. 100.0 3.9 4.4 5.8 11.2 10.6 15.3 20.6 13.4 14.9 49 012 1 452 59 160 1 675

1989 1 988 .............. 100.0 3.1 4.1 6.3 10.3 11.4 16.8 21.1 11.5 15.4 48 505 1 311 60 298 1 755

1988 1 913 .............. 100.0 3.2 4.6 6.6 13.1 10.5 15.6 20.0 12.3 14.1 45 441 1 852 56 812 1 684

See footnotes at end of table.

B–4 Appendix B

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–2. Households by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder:

1967 to 1999mCon.

[Households as of March of the following year. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983, constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of house~

holder and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

HISPANIC

ORIGIN15

1999 9 319 .............. 100.0 3.9 8.0 9.7 18.9 15.8 16.7 15.2 6.7 5.2 30 735 454 40 452 727 1998 9 060 .............. 100.0 4.8 9.9 10.7 17.8 16.2 15.6 14.3 5.7 5.0 28 956 558 39 125 832 1997 8 590 .............. 100.0 5.4 10.7 10.5 19.5 15.0 16.5 12.5 5.5 4.5 27 640 471 37 244 716 1996 8 225 .............. 100.0 4.8 11.3 11.4 19.9 15.4 15.4 12.7 5.0 3.9 26 445 513 36 107 836 19951 ............. 7 939 100.0 5.3 12.6 11.5 20.4 15.2 14.5 12.6 4.3 3.5 24 990 545 34 108 766 19942 ............. 7 735 100.0 5.3 12.6 11.5 18.6 15.2 15.4 12.4 5.1 3.9 26 329 489 35 503 886 19933 ............. 7 362 100.0 4.8 11.7 12.0 19.2 16.3 15.3 12.4 5.0 3.3 26 386 530 34 924 735 19924 ............. 7 153 100.0 5.3 11.6 10.8 19.8 15.3 15.9 13.0 4.8 3.4 26 833 555 34 225 538 1991 6 379 .............. 100.0 4.8 11.3 10.9 18.3 15.7 16.3 13.8 5.1 3.8 27 756 577 35 316 565 1990 6 220 .............. 100.0 4.7 10.7 10.8 18.4 15.7 17.3 13.6 5.2 3.6 28 463 584 35 655 588

1989 5 933 .............. 100.0 4.9 10.6 9.3 17.9 15.5 16.3 15.7 5.6 4.3 29 452 571 37 609 646 1988 5 910 .............. 100.0 5.3 10.9 9.7 18.4 15.0 16.6 14.9 5.2 4.1 28 672 707 36 606 776 19875 ............. 5 642 100.0 5.2 11.2 10.6 18.1 15.4 15.7 14.8 4.9 4.1 28 357 621 36 349 674 1986 5 418 .............. 100.0 5.1 10.9 10.3 19.2 14.6 16.3 14.2 6.0 3.3 27 897 727 35 224 580 19856 ............. 5 213 100.0 4.9 11.5 11.4 18.9 15.3 16.7 13.2 5.5 2.6 27 041 632 33 789 550 1984 4 883 .............. 100.0 5.6 11.6 10.4 19.2 13.9 17.9 13.8 4.7 2.8 27 246 683 33 880 660 19837 ............. 4 666 100.0 5.3 11.9 11.7 18.6 15.8 16.9 13.2 4.3 2.4 26 419 675 32 360 622 1982 4 085 .............. 100.0 5.3 11.5 12.6 18.3 16.6 16.0 13.2 4.4 2.1 26 451 699 32 643 662 1981 3 980 .............. 100.0 4.1 10.9 10.4 19.1 16.1 18.4 14.3 4.6 2.1 28 290 775 33 973 649 1980 3 906 .............. 100.0 4.7 10.5 10.4 20.2 16.1 16.5 14.9 4.4 2.4 27 634 749 33 753 673

19798 ............. 3 684 100.0 3.5 10.3 9.2 19.9 15.8 18.9 14.6 4.9 2.8 29 362 846 35 527 713 1978 3 291 .............. 100.0 3.6 10.0 9.9 19.4 17.1 18.6 15.1 4.2 2.2 29 131 706 34 411 696 1977 3 304 .............. 100.0 3.3 9.9 10.9 19.9 18.6 17.5 13.9 3.9 2.0 28 066 493 33 123 511 19769 ............. 3 081 100.0 3.6 11.9 11.3 20.0 17.1 17.7 13.9 2.9 1.7 26 838 572 31 715 516 197510 ............ 2 948 100.0 4.1 11.4 10.9 21.4 16.8 19.0 12.1 2.8 1.5 26 280 581 31 197 554 197410 11 .......... 2 897 100.0 3.2 9.3 10.6 20.9 17.4 19.7 13.5 3.7 1.7 28 589 626 33 118 540 1973 2 722 .............. 100.0 3.3 8.4 10.2 20.6 17.4 19.6 15.1 3.6 1.7 28 745 653 33 398 544 197212 ............ 2 655 100.0 3.6 7.8 11.0 21.1 20.0 20.0 11.6 3.2 1.7 28 806 563 33 109 563

NON~HISPANIC

WHITE

1999 78 819 .............. 100.0 2.1 5.2 6.7 13.3 12.3 15.9 19.5 11.3 13.8 44 366 280 58 760 350

1998 78 577 .............. 100.0 2.3 5.6 6.9 13.0 12.7 16.1 20.0 10.8 12.7 43 376 249 57 179 350

1997 77 936 .............. 100.0 2.5 5.9 7.2 13.7 12.6 16.4 19.6 10.4 11.8 42 119 211 55 606 342

1996 77 240 .............. 100.0 2.2 6.4 7.3 13.8 13.2 16.5 19.7 9.9 10.8 41 185 282 53 596 325

19951 ............. 76 932 100.0 2.3 6.1 7.2 14.1 13.4 17.2 19.3 9.9 10.3 40 642 212 52 749 316

19942 ............. 77 004 100.0 2.6 6.5 7.7 14.6 13.2 16.9 18.8 9.5 10.1 39 487 210 51 915 308

19933 ............. 75 697 100.0 2.8 6.7 7.5 14.2 13.7 16.9 19.1 9.5 9.7 39 399 231 51 221 306

19924 ............. 75 107 100.0 2.6 6.8 7.4 14.5 13.1 17.4 19.7 9.4 9.2 39 530 244 49 428 228

1991 75 625 .............. 100.0 2.4 6.8 7.2 14.2 13.7 17.4 19.6 9.7 9.1 39 537 194 49 382 222

1990 75 035 .............. 100.0 2.3 6.4 6.7 13.7 13.7 17.9 19.8 9.9 9.5 40 720 190 50 699 234

1989 74 495 .............. 100.0 2.1 6.2 6.9 13.6 13.2 17.3 20.4 10.0 10.3 41 731 204 52 134 248

1988 74 067 .............. 100.0 2.3 6.6 6.5 13.6 12.7 17.9 20.6 10.2 9.5 41 649 234 50 968 234

19875 ............. 73 120 100.0 2.4 6.6 6.8 13.7 12.8 17.5 20.6 10.3 9.3 41 376 240 50 532 232

1986 72 067 .............. 100.0 2.6 6.9 6.6 13.8 13.2 17.6 20.3 10.0 8.9 40 692 210 49 670 228

19856 ............. 71 540 100.0 2.8 6.9 7.1 14.3 13.6 18.1 19.7 9.6 7.9 39 433 201 47 763 216

1984 70 586 .............. 100.0 2.6 7.1 7.2 14.5 13.9 18.4 19.7 9.2 7.4 38 704 215 46 651 202

19837 ............. 69 648 100.0 2.8 7.1 7.2 15.0 14.6 18.2 19.8 8.6 6.9 37 577 200 45 415 197

1982 69 214 .............. 100.0 2.8 7.5 7.6 14.8 14.3 18.8 19.3 8.5 6.5 37 418 188 44 757 195

1981 68 996 .............. 100.0 2.7 7.5 7.5 15.2 13.6 19.0 20.0 8.5 6.1 37 802 192 44 454 189

1980 68 106 .............. 100.0 2.3 7.4 7.5 14.6 13.8 19.0 20.8 8.3 6.2 38 492 219 44 941 194

19798 ............. 67 203 100.0 2.4 7.3 6.9 14.2 13.6 18.7 21.4 8.7 6.7 39 403 219 46 288 204

1978 64 836 .............. 100.0 2.3 7.2 7.4 14.3 13.4 19.0 21.2 8.8 6.3 39 379 207 45 917 204

1977 63 721 .............. 100.0 2.4 7.5 7.8 14.2 14.0 19.0 21.3 8.1 5.7 38 368 216 44 645 205

19769 ............. 62 365 100.0 2.4 7.6 7.4 14.6 14.0 19.8 21.0 7.9 5.2 38 032 222 44 020 202

197510 ............ 61 533 100.0 2.5 7.8 7.8 14.8 14.2 20.1 20.5 7.5 4.8 36 856 195 42 874 198

197410 11 .......... 60 164 100.0 2.5 7.5 7.1 14.0 14.5 20.5 20.8 7.8 5.3 37 910 186 44 080 202

1973 59 236 .............. 100.0 2.9 7.1 7.2 13.5 13.3 20.6 21.4 8.3 5.7 39 229 184 45 067 190

197212 ............ 58 005 100.0 3.3 7.4 6.8 13.5 14.1 20.7 20.7 8.0 5.5 38 716 184 44 506 199

1Full implementation of the 1990 census~based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000 household sample reduction, and revised race edits. 2Introduction of 1990 census~based sample design. 3Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer~assisted interviewing. In addition, we revised the March 1994 income supplement to allow for the coding of different income

amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following categories: earnings increased to $999,999; social security increased to $49,999; supplemental security

income and public assistance increased to $24,999; veterans’ benefits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony decreased to $49,999. 4Implementation of 1990 census population controls.

5Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

6Recording of amounts for earnings from longest job increased to $299,999. Full implementation of 1980 census~based sample design. 7Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls and introduction of 1980 census~based sample design. 8Implementation of 1980 census population controls. Questionnaire expanded to show 27 possible values from 51 possible sources of income. 9First year medians are derived using both Pareto and linear interpolation. Prior to this year all medians were derived using linear interpolation. 10These estimates were derived using Pareto interpolation and may differ from published data which were derived using linear interpolation. 11Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. Questionnaire expanded to ask 11 income questions. 12Full implementation of 1970 census~based sample design. 13Introduction of 1970 census~based sample design and population controls. 14Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. 15Hispanics may be of any race.

Appendix B B–5

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–3. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of

Households by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 1999

[Households as of March of the following year. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983, constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic origin of householder and

year

Upper limit of each fifth

(dollars) Share of aggregate income

Number

(1,000) Lowest Second Third Fourth

Lower

limit of

top 5

percent

(dollars) Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest

Top 5

percent

Mean

income

(dollars) Gini ratio

ALL RACES

1999 104 705 ....................................... 17 196 32 000 50 520 79 375 142 021 3.6 8.9 14.9 23.2 49.4 21.5 54 842 0.457

1998 103 874 ....................................... 16 472 31 080 49 405 76 656 135 119 3.6 9.0 15.0 23.2 49.2 21.4 53 000 0.456

1997 102 528 ....................................... 15 985 30 310 47 748 74 217 131 360 3.6 8.9 15.0 23.2 49.4 21.7 51 581 0.459

1996 101 018 ....................................... 15 681 29 476 46 727 72 220 126 930 3.7 9.0 15.1 23.3 49.0 21.4 50 036 0.455

19951 ...................................... 99 627 15 742 29 422 45 916 71 192 123 529 3.7 9.1 15.2 23.3 48.7 21.0 49 125 0.450

19942 ...................................... 98 990 15 093 28 329 45 079 70 643 123 456 3.6 8.9 15.0 23.4 49.1 21.2 48 488 0.456

19933 ...................................... 97 107 14 950 28 453 44 726 69 522 120 643 3.6 9.0 15.1 23.5 48.9 21.0 47 764 0.454

19924 ...................................... 96 426 14 962 28 665 45 005 68 881 117 582 3.8 9.4 15.8 24.2 46.9 18.6 46 121 0.434

1991 95 699 ....................................... 15 398 29 357 45 344 69 429 117 917 3.8 9.6 15.9 24.2 46.5 18.1 46 386 0.428

1990 94 312 ....................................... 15 933 30 161 46 143 70 368 120 773 3.9 9.6 15.9 24.0 46.6 18.6 47 677 0.428

1989 93 347 ....................................... 16 252 30 902 47 494 72 162 123 271 3.8 9.5 15.8 24.0 46.8 18.9 49 066 0.431

1988 92 830 ....................................... 16 029 30 278 47 186 71 249 120 605 3.8 9.6 16.0 24.3 46.3 18.3 47 906 0.427

19875 ...................................... 91 124 15 839 30 064 46 930 70 927 118 685 3.8 9.6 16.1 24.3 46.2 18.2 47 531 0.426

1986 89 479 ....................................... 15 745 30 072 46 446 70 106 118 909 3.9 9.7 16.2 24.5 45.7 17.5 46 756 0.425

19856 ...................................... 88 458 15 483 29 189 44 936 67 831 113 435 4.0 9.7 16.3 24.6 45.3 17.0 45 004 0.419

1984 86 789 ....................................... 15 393 28 708 44 105 66 704 111 585 4.1 9.9 16.4 24.7 44.9 16.5 44 038 0.415

19837 ...................................... 85 290 15 054 28 056 43 018 65 064 108 056 4.1 10.0 16.5 24.7 44.7 16.4 42 488 0.414

1982 83 918 ....................................... 14 848 27 900 42 800 63 904 106 490 4.1 10.1 16.6 24.7 44.5 16.2 42 363 0.412

1981 83 527 ....................................... 15 088 27 799 43 261 63 977 104 102 4.2 10.2 16.8 25.0 43.8 15.6 42 134 0.406

1980 82 368 ....................................... 15 296 28 543 43 745 64 170 104 252 4.3 10.3 16.9 24.9 43.7 15.8 42 638 0.403

19798 ...................................... 80 776 15 780 29 346 45 083 65 508 106 860 4.2 10.3 16.9 24.7 44.0 16.4 44 023 0.404

1978 77 330 ....................................... 15 757 29 618 44 787 65 221 105 074 4.3 10.3 16.9 24.8 43.7 16.2 43 760 0.402

1977 76 030 ....................................... 15 324 28 733 43 577 63 529 102 704 4.4 10.3 17.0 24.8 43.6 16.1 42 441 0.402

19769 ...................................... 74 142 15 367 28 420 43 257 62 242 99 236 4.4 10.4 17.1 24.8 43.3 16.0 41 852 0.398

197510 ..................................... 72 867 14 896 28 014 42 231 60 759 96 880 4.4 10.5 17.1 24.8 43.2 15.9 40 847 0.397

197410 11 ................................... 71 163 15 803 29 192 43 014 62 444 99 783 4.4 10.6 17.1 24.7 43.1 15.9 42 032 0.395

1973 69 859 ....................................... 15 594 29 624 43 944 63 481 100 627 4.2 10.5 17.1 24.6 43.6 16.6 42 910 0.397

197212 ..................................... 68 251 15 197 29 268 43 263 61 912 99 660 4.1 10.5 17.1 24.5 43.9 17.0 42 348 0.401

197113 ..................................... 66 676 14 689 28 001 41 205 58 755 93 304 4.1 10.6 17.3 24.5 43.5 16.7 40 135 0.396

1970 64 778 ....................................... 14 873 28 495 41 452 59 141 93 498 4.1 10.8 17.4 24.5 43.3 16.6 40 343 0.394

1969 63 401 ....................................... 15 112 29 007 41 946 58 775 92 180 4.1 10.9 17.5 24.5 43.0 16.6 40 356 0.391

1968 62 214 ....................................... 14 685 27 840 39 904 56 070 87 719 4.2 11.1 17.5 24.4 42.8 16.6 38 711 0.388

196714 ..................................... 60 813 13 769 26 849 38 121 54 345 87 201 4.0 10.8 17.3 24.2 43.8 17.5 36 666 0.399

WHITE

1999 87 671 ....................................... 18 485 33 830 52 565 81 199 146 500 3.9 9.1 15.0 23.1 49.0 21.5 56 908 0.451

1998 87 212 ....................................... 18 172 32 962 51 368 79 038 139 389 3.8 9.2 15.1 23.1 48.8 21.5 55 404 0.450

1997 86 106 ....................................... 17 358 31 929 49 949 77 028 135 331 3.8 9.1 15.0 23.0 49.1 21.7 53 875 0.453

1996 85 059 ....................................... 16 989 31 260 48 844 74 540 130 229 3.9 9.2 15.2 23.2 48.4 21.1 52 023 0.446 19951 ...................................... 84 511 16 922 31 107 47 990 73 390 127 786 4.0 9.3 15.3 23.3 48.1 20.7 51 083 0.442 19942 ...................................... 83 737 16 505 30 352 47 100 73 067 127 121 3.8 9.2 15.1 23.2 48.6 21.1 50 625 0.448 19933 ...................................... 82 387 16 469 30 148 46 694 71 773 123 826 3.9 9.3 15.3 23.3 48.2 20.7 49 905 0.444 19924 ...................................... 81 795 16 624 30 516 47 130 71 247 120 314 4.1 9.7 15.9 24.1 46.2 18.4 48 204 0.423 1991 81 675 ....................................... 16 998 30 866 47 465 71 607 120 984 4.1 9.9 16.0 24.1 45.8 17.9 48 345 0.418 1990 80 968 ....................................... 17 585 31 867 48 104 72 625 124 026 4.2 10.0 16.0 23.9 46.0 18.3 49 600 0.419

1989 80 163 ....................................... 17 766 32 775 49 711 74 173 126 349 4.1 9.8 16.0 23.8 46.3 18.7 51 110 0.422 1988 79 734 ....................................... 17 687 32 414 49 321 73 331 123 507 4.1 10.0 16.2 24.1 45.6 18.0 49 949 0.416 19875 ...................................... 78 519 17 599 32 264 48 983 73 320 121 319 4.1 10.0 16.3 24.2 45.5 17.9 49 562 0.415 1986 77 284 ....................................... 17 377 31 877 48 588 72 463 121 986 4.1 10.1 16.4 24.3 45.1 17.2 48 703 0.415 19856 ...................................... 76 576 16 937 30 967 46 761 69 941 116 468 4.2 10.2 16.5 24.4 44.7 16.8 46 851 0.411 1984 75 328 ....................................... 16 771 30 483 46 052 68 651 114 414 4.3 10.3 16.6 24.6 44.2 16.2 45 854 0.405 19837 ...................................... 74 170 16 727 29 934 44 845 66 931 111 987 4.4 10.4 16.6 24.6 44.1 16.1 44 251 0.404 1982 73 182 ....................................... 16 381 29 669 44 466 66 201 109 444 4.4 10.4 16.8 24.6 43.9 15.9 44 109 0.403 1981 72 845 ....................................... 16 647 29 735 45 117 65 826 107 245 4.5 10.5 17.0 24.8 43.2 15.3 43 900 0.397 1980 71 872 ....................................... 16 802 30 395 45 559 65 911 106 802 4.5 10.6 17.1 24.7 43.1 15.5 44 359 0.394

19798 ...................................... 70 766 17 243 31 402 46 828 67 428 110 143 4.4 10.6 17.0 24.6 43.4 16.2 45 759 0.396 1978 68 028 ....................................... 17 218 31 099 46 870 66 763 108 352 4.5 10.6 17.1 24.6 43.2 16.1 45 382 0.394 1977 66 934 ....................................... 16 607 30 578 45 267 65 506 105 443 4.5 10.6 17.2 24.7 43.0 15.8 44 099 0.394 19769 ...................................... 65 353 16 694 30 190 44 875 63 981 101 811 4.6 10.7 17.3 24.7 42.8 15.9 43 462 0.391 197510 ..................................... 64 392 16 138 29 644 43 873 62 487 99 501 4.6 10.8 17.2 24.7 42.7 15.7 42 356 0.390 197410 11 ................................... 62 984 16 910 31 006 44 844 64 200 102 554 4.6 11.0 17.2 24.6 42.6 15.7 43 589 0.387 1973 61 965 ....................................... 16 889 31 439 45 875 64 918 102 960 4.4 10.8 17.3 24.5 43.1 16.4 44 569 0.389 197212 ..................................... 60 618 16 555 30 821 45 027 63 788 102 061 4.3 10.8 17.2 24.3 43.4 16.8 43 995 0.393 197113 ..................................... 59 463 15 910 29 748 42 566 60 223 95 878 4.3 11.0 17.4 24.4 43.0 16.5 41 588 0.389 1970 57 575 ....................................... 16 128 30 254 42 788 60 508 95 628 4.2 11.1 17.5 24.3 42.9 16.5 41 755 0.387

1969 56 248 ....................................... 16 334 30 639 43 100 60 230 94 442 4.3 11.3 17.6 24.3 42.5 16.4 41 853 0.383 1968 55 394 ....................................... 15 909 29 497 41 526 57 448 89 266 4.4 11.4 17.6 24.3 42.3 16.5 40 103 0.381 196714 ..................................... 54 188 14 797 27 996 39 557 55 166 89 037 4.1 11.2 17.4 24.0 43.3 17.3 38 006 0.391

See footnotes at end of table.

B–6 Appendix B

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–3. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of

Households by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 1999mCon.

[Households as of March of the following year. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983, constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic origin of householder and

year

Upper limit of each fifth

(dollars) Share of aggregate income

Number

(1,000) Lowest Second Third Fourth

Lower

limit of

top 5

percent

(dollars) Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest

Top 5

percent

Mean

income

(dollars) Gini ratio

BLACK

1999 12 849 ....................................... 10 626 21 747 36 000 59 020 106 800 3.1 8.3 14.7 24.0 50.0 20.0 38 448 0.470

1998 12 579 ....................................... 9 362 19 547 32 723 54 383 96 475 3.1 8.2 14.8 24.4 49.5 19.1 34 893 0.466

1997 12 474 ....................................... 9 612 19 722 32 490 53 060 90 514 3.2 8.5 15.1 24.5 48.7 19.1 34 216 0.458

1996 12 109 ....................................... 9 333 18 816 31 855 52 562 90 255 3.1 8.0 14.5 23.7 50.7 21.7 34 467 0.479

19951 ...................................... 11 577 9 183 18 475 31 362 50 610 87 269 3.2 8.2 14.8 24.2 49.6 20.2 33 233 0.468

19942 ...................................... 11 655 8 491 17 757 30 151 51 423 90 794 3.0 7.9 14.3 24.3 50.5 20.1 32 892 0.477

19933 ...................................... 11 281 8 255 16 798 28 824 48 424 87 113 3.0 7.7 14.3 23.7 51.3 21.1 31 393 0.484

19924 ...................................... 11 269 7 778 16 349 28 843 47 843 83 587 3.1 7.8 14.7 24.8 49.7 19.1 30 221 0.470

1991 11 083 ....................................... 8 012 17 081 29 918 49 034 83 968 3.1 7.8 15.0 25.2 48.9 18.3 30 633 0.464

1990 10 671 ....................................... 8 229 17 504 30 592 49 840 88 290 3.1 7.9 15.0 25.1 49.0 18.5 31 630 0.464

1989 10 486 ....................................... 8 472 17 842 30 922 51 055 88 137 3.2 8.0 15.0 24.9 48.9 18.2 32 238 0.461

1988 10 561 ....................................... 8 367 16 899 29 850 50 795 86 821 3.3 7.7 14.6 24.7 49.7 18.7 31 654 0.468

19875 ...................................... 10 192 8 233 17 012 29 331 49 084 85 795 3.3 7.9 14.8 24.4 49.7 19.3 31 034 0.468

1986 9 922 ....................................... 8 044 17 140 29 698 49 364 84 700 3.2 8.0 15.0 25.1 48.8 18.2 30 754 0.464

19856 ...................................... 9 797 8 491 17 032 28 783 47 623 80 538 3.5 8.3 15.2 25.0 48.0 17.5 29 937 0.450

1984 9 480 ....................................... 8 351 16 355 27 487 40 407 79 243 3.6 8.4 15.0 24.7 48.3 17.4 28 808 0.450

19837 ...................................... 9 243 8 029 15 742 26 763 44 975 76 159 3.6 8.3 15.2 25.2 47.8 16.9 27 651 0.448

1982 8 916 ....................................... 8 140 16 128 27 158 43 733 71 073 3.6 8.6 15.3 25.5 47.0 16.9 27 442 0.442

1981 8 961 ....................................... 8 343 15 980 26 636 44 732 73 962 3.8 8.6 15.3 25.4 46.9 16.1 27 470 0.440

1980 8 847 ....................................... 8 541 16 583 27 328 44 798 75 292 3.7 8.7 15.4 25.3 46.9 16.6 28 279 0.439

19798 ...................................... 8 586 9 028 17 479 28 592 47 278 76 546 3.9 8.8 15.5 25.4 46.3 16.1 29 272 0.433

1978 8 066 ....................................... 9 152 17 524 29 618 46 895 78 107 4.0 8.7 15.6 25.3 46.4 16.3 29 684 0.431

1977 7 977 ....................................... 9 226 16 871 27 679 44 813 74 140 4.2 9.2 15.5 24.9 46.3 16.7 28 446 0.425

19769 ...................................... 7 776 9 354 16 940 28 187 44 875 72 923 4.3 9.2 15.8 25.5 45.2 15.7 28 316 0.421

197510 ..................................... 7 489 8 979 16 601 27 954 43 713 69 501 4.2 9.1 16.0 25.5 45.3 15.9 27 412 0.419

197410 11 ................................... 7 263 9 393 17 533 27 956 43 335 69 978 4.2 9.4 16.2 25.2 45.0 15.7 27 802 0.414

1973 7 040 ....................................... 9 594 17 648 28 237 44 428 72 820 4.1 9.4 16.0 25.1 45.5 16.6 28 424 0.419

197212 ..................................... 6 809 9 216 17 305 27 673 44 277 70 542 3.9 9.2 15.8 24.9 46.2 16.9 28 146 0.427

197113 ..................................... 6 578 8 860 16 722 27 058 41 901 67 258 4.0 9.4 16.1 25.1 45.4 16.4 26 718 0.419

1970 6 180 ....................................... 8 572 17 265 27 390 42 364 68 770 3.7 9.3 16.3 25.2 45.5 16.4 27 273 0.422

1969 6 053 ....................................... 8 706 17 057 26 889 40 948 66 014 3.9 9.7 16.5 25.1 44.7 15.9 26 639 0.411

1968 5 870 ....................................... 8 750 16 435 25 697 39 772 63 635 4.0 9.8 16.3 25.1 44.9 15.9 25 587 0.412

196714 ..................................... 5 728 8 151 15 145 24 095 37 060 61 821 3.8 9.3 15.9 24.3 46.7 18.2 23 852 0.432

HISPANIC ORIGIN15

1999 9 319 ....................................... 14 000 24 600 37 500 60 000 100 926 4.1 9.5 15.2 23.4 47.9 19.9 40 452 0.438

1998 9 060 ....................................... 12 265 22 997 35 716 56 215 100 162 3.6 8.9 14.8 22.9 49.7 21.9 39 125 0.460

1997 8 590 ....................................... 11 653 21 798 34 254 53 349 96 653 3.6 8.9 14.9 23.1 49.5 21.5 37 247 0.458

1996 8 225 ....................................... 11 680 21 024 32 917 52 624 91 317 3.8 9.0 14.7 23.1 49.5 21.5 36 107 0.457 19951 ...................................... 7 939 10 932 19 743 31 593 50 614 87 782 3.8 8.9 14.8 23.3 49.3 20.8 34 108 0.455 19942 ...................................... 7 735 10 930 20 347 32 634 52 231 92 462 3.7 8.7 14.8 23.3 49.6 21.0 35 503 0.459 19933 ...................................... 7 362 11 483 20 753 32 375 51 085 88 200 3.9 9.1 15.1 23.1 48.7 20.4 34 924 0.447 19924 ...................................... 7 153 11 400 21 137 33 015 51 916 88 050 4.0 9.4 15.7 24.1 46.9 18.1 34 225 0.430 1991 6 379 ....................................... 11 767 22 018 34 323 53 491 91 740 4.0 9.4 15.8 24.3 46.5 17.7 35 316 0.427 1990 6 220 ....................................... 12 216 22 307 34 716 53 536 92 044 4.0 9.5 15.9 24.3 46.3 17.9 35 655 0.425

1989 5 933 ....................................... 12 592 23 515 36 652 57 294 95 392 3.8 9.5 15.7 24.4 46.6 18.1 37 609 0.430 1988 5 910 ....................................... 11 570 22 251 35 235 54 720 93 158 3.7 9.3 15.6 24.2 47.2 19.0 36 606 0.437 19875 ...................................... 5 642 11 511 21 998 34 603 54 538 92 885 3.7 9.1 15.5 24.1 47.6 19.2 36 350 0.441 1986 5 418 ....................................... 11 857 21 889 34 962 54 796 91 080 4.0 9.5 15.9 24.8 45.8 16.5 35 225 0.424 19856 ...................................... 5 213 11 303 20 902 33 667 51 869 86 322 4.1 9.5 16.1 24.8 45.6 16.5 33 789 0.418 1984 4 883 ....................................... 11 253 21 326 34 462 51 723 85 234 3.9 9.5 16.2 25.0 45.3 16.6 33 880 0.420 19837 ...................................... 4 666 10 872 20 909 32 745 49 913 82 099 4.2 9.7 16.3 24.9 44.9 16.0 32 398 0.413 1982 4 085 ....................................... 11 369 20 912 32 635 49 710 80 989 4.2 9.6 16.2 24.7 45.3 16.7 32 644 0.417 1981 3 980 ....................................... 12 714 22 374 34 648 51 774 83 184 4.5 10.3 16.7 24.8 43.6 15.3 33 973 0.398 1980 3 906 ....................................... 12 466 22 122 34 053 51 628 83 442 4.4 10.2 16.4 24.9 44.1 16.0 33 753 0.405

19798 ...................................... 3 684 13 508 23 774 36 022 52 952 86 677 4.6 10.5 16.6 24.6 43.7 15.9 35 526 0.396 1978 3 291 ....................................... 13 328 23 941 35 297 52 026 81 382 4.7 10.7 16.9 24.9 42.8 15.4 34 411 0.385 1977 3 304 ....................................... 13 180 22 749 33 365 49 954 79 059 4.9 10.8 16.9 24.7 42.8 15.4 33 122 0.383 19769 ...................................... 3 081 11 864 21 523 32 557 48 292 73 413 4.7 10.5 16.9 25.1 42.8 15.2 31 716 0.387 197510 ..................................... 2 948 12 139 21 021 31 618 46 260 72 690 4.8 10.7 16.9 24.9 42.9 15.8 31 197 0.388 197410 11 ................................... 2 897 13 604 22 955 34 049 48 792 77 361 5.2 10.9 17.2 24.7 42.0 15.1 33 118 0.376 1973 2 722 ....................................... 14 119 23 649 35 007 50 633 76 594 5.1 11.1 17.1 24.7 42.0 15.0 33 398 0.371 197212 ..................................... 2 655 13 760 23 283 33 485 46 682 73 919 5.3 11.2 17.2 24.0 42.3 16.2 33 110 0.373

1Full implementation of the 1990 census~based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000 household sample reduction, and revised race edits. 2Introduction of 1990 census~based sample design. 3Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer~assisted interviewing. In addition, we revised the March 1994 income supplement to allow for the coding of different income

amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following categories: earnings increased to $999,999; social security increased to $49,999; supplemental security

income and public assistance increased to $24,999; veterans’ benefits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony decreased to $49,999. 4Implementation of 1990 census population controls.

5Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

6Recording of amounts for earnings from longest job increased to $299,999. Full implementation of 1980 census~based sample design. 7Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls and introduction of 1980 census~based sample design. 8Implementation of 1980 census population controls. Questionnaire expanded to show 27 possible values from 51 possible sources of income. 9First year medians are derived using both Pareto and linear interpolation. Prior to this year all medians were derived using linear interpolation. 10These estimates were derived using Pareto interpolation and may differ from published data which were derived using linear interpolation. 11Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. Questionnaire expanded to ask 11 income questions. 12Full implementation of 1970 census~based sample design. 13Introduction of 1970 census~based sample design and population controls. 14Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. 15Hispanics may be of any race.

Appendix B B–7

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–4. Families by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967

to 1999

[Families as of March of the following year. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983, constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of house~

holder and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

ALL RACES

1999 72 031 .............. 100.0 2.4 3.3 4.8 12.0 11.9 16.5 21.2 12.7 15.2 48 950 300 62 636 363

1998 71 551 .............. 100.0 2.6 3.7 5.1 12.1 12.5 16.4 21.7 11.9 14.0 47 769 246 60 905 377

1997 70 884 .............. 100.0 2.7 3.9 5.3 12.7 12.4 17.3 21.4 11.5 12.9 46 262 266 59 062 353

1996 70 241 .............. 100.0 2.6 4.5 5.6 12.6 13.1 17.2 21.5 10.9 11.9 44 916 222 56 995 359

19951 ............. 69 597 100.0 2.4 4.1 5.8 13.0 13.4 17.6 21.2 11.0 11.4 44 395 232 56 138 339

19942 ............. 69 313 100.0 2.7 4.7 5.9 13.3 13.1 17.5 20.9 10.6 11.3 43 597 262 55 466 325

19933 ............. 68 506 100.0 3.0 4.9 6.1 13.4 13.4 17.2 20.7 10.6 10.6 42 612 222 54 443 336

19924 ............. 68 216 100.0 3.1 4.8 5.9 13.2 12.7 18.1 21.6 10.5 10.1 43 428 222 52 511 242

1991 67 173 .............. 100.0 2.8 4.7 5.4 12.7 13.6 18.1 21.6 11.0 10.2 43 961 219 52 888 240

1990 66 322 .............. 100.0 2.5 4.2 5.4 12.3 13.2 18.6 21.8 11.4 10.7 45 064 216 54 368 251

1989 66 090 .............. 100.0 2.4 4.1 5.3 12.5 12.7 17.9 22.4 11.3 11.5 45 967 262 55 765 268

1988 65 837 .............. 100.0 2.4 4.4 5.2 12.6 12.6 18.1 22.4 11.7 10.6 45 334 236 54 371 266

19875 ............. 65 204 100.0 2.5 4.4 5.3 12.5 12.7 18.1 22.6 11.6 10.3 45 419 210 54 092 242

1986 64 491 .............. 100.0 2.5 4.5 5.3 12.9 13.0 18.3 22.4 11.2 9.9 44 779 240 53 087 233

19856 ............. 63 558 100.0 2.6 4.5 5.7 13.5 13.5 18.9 21.8 10.8 8.7 42 943 232 51 008 222

1984 62 706 .............. 100.0 2.6 4.7 5.9 13.5 13.5 19.3 22.0 10.4 8.2 42 385 188 49 791 197

19837 ............. 62 015 100.0 2.8 4.7 6.1 13.7 14.4 19.3 22.0 9.5 7.5 41 272 (NA) 48 207 (NA)

1982 61 393 .............. 100.0 2.7 4.8 6.2 13.9 14.2 20.1 21.6 9.4 7.1 40 836 202 47 733 190

1981 61 019 .............. 100.0 2.3 4.4 6.1 14.4 13.6 20.3 22.6 9.7 6.7 41 397 178 47 776 183

1980 60 309 .............. 100.0 2.0 4.1 6.1 13.6 14.0 20.3 23.5 9.5 6.9 42 557 182 48 531 188

19798 ............. 59 550 100.0 1.9 3.9 5.4 13.3 13.7 20.1 24.4 9.8 7.5 44 097 204 50 242 200

1978 57 804 .............. 100.0 1.9 3.9 5.8 13.2 13.6 20.6 23.9 10.1 6.9 43 538 200 49 588 197

1977 57 215 .............. 100.0 1.8 3.8 6.3 13.9 14.2 20.4 24.1 9.3 6.2 42 201 150 48 145 153

19769 ............. 56 710 100.0 1.7 4.0 6.2 14.0 14.4 21.6 23.7 8.9 5.6 41 953 151 47 315 151

197510 ............ 56 245 100.0 1.7 4.2 6.6 14.3 14.7 22.1 23.0 8.2 5.2 40 669 154 46 085 148

197410 11 .......... 55 698 100.0 1.8 3.7 5.9 13.7 15.0 22.3 23.3 8.7 5.6 41 416 (NA) 47 222 (NA)

1973 55 053 .............. 100.0 1.7 3.8 5.9 13.4 14.0 22.5 23.6 9.1 6.1 42 536 (NA) 48 081 (NA)

197212 ............ 54 373 100.0 1.9 4.0 5.9 13.5 14.9 22.4 22.9 8.7 5.8 41 710 (NA) 47 373 (NA)

197113 ............ 53 296 100.0 2.0 4.5 6.0 14.4 15.8 23.4 21.9 7.3 4.6 39 756 (NA) 44 773 (NA)

1970 52 227 .............. 100.0 2.2 4.4 5.9 13.9 15.9 24.0 21.8 7.2 4.7 39 802 (NA) 44 800 (NA)

1969 51 586 .............. 100.0 2.0 4.5 5.8 13.3 16.5 24.2 22.4 6.9 4.5 39 887 (NA) 44 724 (NA)

1968 50 823 .............. 100.0 2.2 4.5 6.2 14.4 17.3 25.1 20.6 6.1 3.6 38 145 (NA) 42 732 (NA)

196714 ............ 50 111 100.0 2.4 5.4 6.7 14.9 18.3 24.4 19.0 5.2 3.6 36 409 (NA) 40 393 (NA)

WHITE

1999 60 256 .............. 100.0 1.8 2.6 4.2 11.6 11.8 16.7 22.1 13.3 16.0 51 224 258 65 215 408

1998 60 077 .............. 100.0 2.0 2.9 4.6 11.3 12.5 16.7 22.5 12.4 15.1 50 106 289 63 762 429 1997 59 515 .............. 100.0 2.1 3.1 4.7 12.1 12.3 17.4 22.2 12.3 13.9 48 531 258 61 855 405 1996 58 934 .............. 100.0 1.8 3.5 4.9 12.0 13.1 17.6 22.5 11.6 12.8 47 523 282 59 671 401 19951 ............. 58 872 100.0 1.8 3.2 5.2 12.5 13.3 17.9 22.2 11.6 12.4 46 619 280 58 590 372 19942 ............. 58 444 100.0 2.0 3.7 5.2 12.7 13.1 18.0 21.8 11.2 12.2 45 960 237 58 129 368 19933 ............. 57 881 100.0 2.1 3.8 5.3 12.9 13.5 17.9 21.9 11.2 11.5 45 310 279 57 148 376 19924 ............. 57 669 100.0 2.2 3.6 5.2 12.7 12.7 18.6 22.8 11.2 10.9 45 919 258 55 137 269 1991 57 224 .............. 100.0 2.0 3.5 4.8 12.3 13.7 18.5 22.7 11.6 11.0 46 217 257 55 380 263 1990 56 803 .............. 100.0 1.8 3.2 4.6 11.9 13.2 19.0 22.8 12.0 11.5 47 055 227 56 764 277

1989 56 590 .............. 100.0 1.8 3.0 4.6 11.8 12.6 18.3 23.5 11.9 12.5 48 334 243 58 314 295 1988 56 492 .............. 100.0 1.8 3.3 4.5 12.0 12.5 18.7 23.5 12.4 11.3 47 762 293 56 771 293 19875 ............. 56 086 100.0 1.8 3.3 4.6 11.9 12.6 18.6 23.7 12.4 11.1 47 494 226 56 505 266 1986 55 676 .............. 100.0 1.9 3.5 4.6 12.2 13.0 18.8 23.5 11.9 10.6 46 832 218 55 355 256 19856 ............. 54 991 100.0 2.1 3.5 5.0 12.8 13.4 19.4 22.8 11.4 9.5 45 136 243 53 224 241 1984 54 400 .............. 100.0 2.1 3.5 5.1 12.9 13.5 19.9 23.1 11.0 8.9 44 393 231 51 987 215 19837 ............. 53 890 100.0 2.2 3.7 5.2 13.2 14.5 19.8 23.2 10.1 8.1 43 217 (NA) 50 293 (NA) 1982 53 407 .............. 100.0 2.2 3.6 5.4 13.3 14.4 20.6 22.6 10.1 7.7 42 875 213 49 846 207 1981 53 269 .............. 100.0 1.9 3.3 5.3 13.7 13.6 20.9 23.6 10.3 7.3 43 485 226 49 802 199 1980 52 710 .............. 100.0 1.6 3.2 5.2 12.9 13.9 20.9 24.7 10.1 7.5 44 340 190 50 484 204

19798 ............. 52 243 100.0 1.5 2.9 4.6 12.5 13.6 20.7 25.6 10.5 8.1 46 015 200 52 303 216 1978 50 910 .............. 100.0 1.5 3.0 5.1 12.6 13.5 21.0 25.2 10.6 7.5 45 335 202 51 486 215 1977 50 530 .............. 100.0 1.5 2.9 5.5 13.1 14.1 21.0 25.3 9.8 6.8 44 128 164 50 077 166 19769 ............. 50 083 100.0 1.5 3.1 5.4 13.3 14.4 22.1 24.8 9.4 6.1 43 577 143 49 152 163 197510 ............ 49 873 100.0 1.4 3.4 5.7 13.7 14.6 22.7 24.1 8.7 5.6 42 296 154 47 760 160 197410 11 .......... 49 440 100.0 1.5 2.8 5.1 13.0 14.9 23.0 24.3 9.3 6.1 43 040 (NA) 48 959 (NA) 1973 48 919 .............. 100.0 1.4 3.1 5.1 12.4 13.8 23.1 24.9 9.7 6.6 44 456 (NA) 49 990 (NA) 197212 ............ 48 477 100.0 1.5 3.2 5.1 12.7 14.8 23.1 23.9 9.3 6.3 43 334 (NA) 49 177 (NA) 197113 ............ 47 641 100.0 1.7 3.7 5.4 13.6 15.7 24.3 22.9 7.8 5.0 41 251 (NA) 46 373 (NA) 1970 46 535 .............. 100.0 1.9 3.7 5.3 13.0 15.8 24.8 22.9 7.6 5.1 41 291 (NA) 46 370 (NA)

1969 46 022 .............. 100.0 1.7 3.8 5.1 12.3 16.3 24.9 23.6 7.3 4.8 41 413 (NA) 46 314 (NA)

1968 45 437 .............. 100.0 1.8 3.9 5.5 13.4 17.4 26.0 21.7 6.4 3.9 39 493 (NA) 44 200 (NA)

196714 ............ 44 814 100.0 2.0 4.7 5.9 14.0 18.4 25.4 20.1 5.5 3.9 37 791 (NA) 41 838 (NA)

See footnotes at end of table.

B–8 Appendix B

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–4. Families by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967

to 1999mCon.

[Families as of March of the following year. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983, constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of house~

holder and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

BLACK

1999 8 664 .............. 100.0 6.3 8.3 9.1 16.0 13.6 15.3 15.8 8.1 7.5 31 778 603 42 793 728

1998 8 452 .............. 100.0 6.3 9.3 9.0 18.1 13.4 14.9 16.1 7.2 5.6 30 053 729 39 415 599

1997 8 408 .............. 100.0 6.6 9.8 9.5 17.7 13.6 15.8 16.3 5.9 4.8 29 690 626 37 888 540

1996 8 455 .............. 100.0 7.2 10.8 10.2 17.2 14.0 15.4 15.3 5.5 4.4 28 162 500 37 095 698

19951 ............. 8 055 100.0 6.9 10.8 10.2 17.2 14.4 15.8 14.4 6.4 3.9 28 389 676 37 180 763

19942 ............. 8 093 100.0 7.2 11.5 10.1 17.2 14.0 14.1 15.1 6.2 4.7 27 764 544 36 901 595

19933 ............. 7 993 100.0 8.9 13.2 11.4 16.9 13.5 13.3 13.1 5.5 4.2 24 837 505 34 629 686

19924 ............. 7 982 100.0 9.5 13.1 10.6 17.1 13.3 14.6 13.3 4.9 3.6 25 058 529 33 225 520

1991 7 716 .............. 100.0 8.4 13.3 10.2 16.3 13.4 15.6 14.0 5.6 3.3 26 358 545 33 725 498

1990 7 471 .............. 100.0 7.7 11.6 11.3 15.6 13.5 16.2 14.5 5.9 3.7 27 307 485 35 122 535

1989 7 470 .............. 100.0 7.2 11.7 9.7 18.0 13.3 15.4 14.1 6.8 3.7 27 152 598 35 490 534

1988 7 409 .............. 100.0 6.8 12.9 10.3 16.4 13.9 14.6 14.6 6.4 4.0 27 221 610 35 652 586

19875 ............. 7 202 100.0 7.3 12.3 10.5 17.3 14.1 14.6 14.5 5.4 3.9 26 993 573 34 862 529

1986 7 096 .............. 100.0 7.2 11.9 10.7 18.0 13.2 15.2 14.7 5.3 3.6 26 759 630 34 624 524

19856 ............. 6 921 100.0 6.5 12.8 10.8 18.8 14.0 15.5 13.7 5.6 2.4 25 991 474 33 071 487

1984 6 778 .............. 100.0 6.9 13.4 12.0 18.3 14.6 15.0 12.6 4.9 2.3 24 743 511 31 713 437

19837 ............. 6 681 100.0 7.2 12.9 13.0 18.0 13.9 15.8 12.7 4.6 1.8 24 356 (NA) 30 773 (NA)

1982 6 530 .............. 100.0 6.7 14.0 12.6 18.9 13.4 16.4 13.3 3.0 1.7 23 697 576 30 077 413

1981 6 413 .............. 100.0 5.8 13.4 12.5 19.4 13.7 15.8 13.8 4.4 1.3 24 530 564 30 872 409

1980 6 317 .............. 100.0 5.2 11.1 13.3 19.5 14.5 16.2 13.7 4.6 1.8 25 656 551 31 996 427

19798 ............. 6 184 100.0 5.0 11.5 12.4 20.0 14.0 15.9 14.7 4.5 1.9 26 057 475 32 663 446

1978 5 906 .............. 100.0 4.4 12.2 11.8 18.8 14.4 17.2 14.1 5.1 1.9 26 851 538 33 095 474

1977 5 806 .............. 100.0 4.3 11.9 12.6 21.1 15.3 15.0 13.9 4.4 1.5 25 209 340 31 532 311

19769 ............. 5 804 100.0 3.6 11.7 13.4 20.0 14.8 17.7 13.8 3.9 1.3 25 921 387 31 626 303

197510 ............ 5 586 100.0 3.9 11.2 14.1 19.7 16.4 16.8 13.4 3.5 1.1 26 024 373 30 833 287

197410 11 .......... 5 491 100.0 4.1 11.3 13.3 20.0 16.1 16.9 14.0 2.9 1.2 25 699 (NA) 30 967 (NA)

1973 5 440 .............. 100.0 4.3 10.6 13.3 21.2 15.7 17.6 12.2 3.6 1.6 25 657 (NA) 31 086 (NA)

197212 ............ 5 265 100.0 4.7 10.8 12.6 21.0 16.1 15.9 14.0 3.3 1.6 25 756 (NA) 31 317 (NA)

197113 ............ 5 157 100.0 4.4 11.8 12.0 22.2 17.9 16.1 11.7 3.1 0.9 24 893 (NA) 29 745 (NA)

1970 4 928 .............. 100.0 5.1 11.2 12.1 21.5 17.4 17.0 11.7 3.0 1.1 25 329 (NA) 30 021 (NA)

1969 4 774 .............. 100.0 4.7 10.9 12.3 21.8 18.7 17.2 10.9 2.8 0.8 25 366 (NA) 29 476 (NA)

1968 4 646 .............. 100.0 5.0 11.0 13.6 23.9 16.6 16.8 10.0 2.5 0.7 23 687 (NA) 28 246 (NA)

196714 ............ 4 589 100.0 6.2 12.2 14.5 23.4 17.7 14.6 8.2 2.1 1.0 22 373 (NA) 27 165 (NA)

ASIAN AND

PACIFIC

ISLANDER

1999 2 506 .............. 100.0 2.8 3.8 4.8 9.0 9.1 14.8 18.5 12.8 24.3 56 316 1 656 73 781 2 224

1998 2 459 .............. 100.0 3.6 3.7 3.6 9.4 10.3 15.3 20.2 15.0 19.0 53 993 1 838 68 893 2 263

1997 2 381 .............. 100.0 2.9 2.5 5.2 8.7 9.6 17.5 21.4 13.8 18.3 53 820 1 865 68 099 2 334

1996 2 247 .............. 100.0 3.9 3.5 4.9 9.7 10.5 15.4 19.8 14.0 18.2 52 141 2 025 65 827 2 488

19951 ............. 2 125 100.0 2.7 4.3 6.0 9.6 11.3 15.7 22.1 12.8 15.5 50 675 1 175 66 018 2 876

19942 ............. 1 589 100.0 3.2 4.5 5.7 9.3 11.0 14.3 22.3 13.3 16.3 51 848 1 798 64 469 2 520

19933 ............. 1 737 100.0 3.5 4.7 6.4 11.4 8.7 14.0 20.8 15.3 15.0 51 255 2 652 63 480 2 807

19924 ............. 1 760 100.0 3.2 4.5 5.0 10.2 9.6 17.7 20.6 13.7 15.5 50 176 1 745 60 973 1 803

1991 1 624 .............. 100.0 3.8 4.8 4.9 10.9 11.0 15.2 20.8 13.2 15.4 50 119 2 085 60 403 1 916

1990 1 536 .............. 100.0 3.3 2.9 3.9 10.8 10.3 14.7 21.5 15.3 17.3 53 851 2 002 63 678 1 898

1989 1 531 .............. 100.0 2.4 3.1 5.5 9.7 10.9 14.3 22.9 13.0 18.3 54 213 1 883 65 981 2 122

1988 1 481 .............. 100.0 1.7 4.0 5.3 12.9 10.2 14.1 20.6 13.5 17.6 51 487 1 675 62 243 2 023

See footnotes at end of table.

Appendix B B–9

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–4. Families by Total Money Income, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967

to 1999mCon.

[Families as of March of the following year. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983, constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race and Hispanic

origin of house~

holder and year

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000) Total

Under

$5,000

$5,000

to

$9,999

$10,000

to

$14,999

$15,000

to

$24,999

$25,000

to

$34,999

$35,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$74,999

$75,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

and

over

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

Value

(dollars)

Standard

error

(dollars)

HISPANIC

ORIGIN15

1999 7 561 .............. 100.0 4.3 5.7 8.9 19.7 15.9 16.7 15.9 7.3 5.5 31 663 490 41 890 835 1998 7 273 .............. 100.0 4.8 7.0 10.1 18.8 17.0 16.0 15.2 5.8 5.4 30 262 581 40 604 944 1997 6 961 .............. 100.0 4.9 8.1 10.6 19.9 15.3 17.0 13.1 6.0 5.0 29 211 652 39 215 851 1996 6 631 .............. 100.0 4.6 9.1 10.9 20.3 16.1 15.9 13.2 5.6 4.3 27 798 526 37 793 930 19951 ............. 6 287 100.0 4.9 9.3 11.3 21.4 16.0 15.1 13.4 4.8 3.8 26 859 607 35 696 827 19942 ............. 6 202 100.0 5.3 9.7 12.1 18.9 15.2 16.1 12.9 5.6 4.2 27 338 530 36 366 731 19933 ............. 5 946 100.0 4.8 9.6 12.0 19.8 16.4 15.7 13.0 5.4 3.3 27 271 580 35 867 838 19924 ............. 5 733 100.0 5.0 9.6 10.6 20.7 15.5 15.8 14.0 5.1 3.7 27 970 661 35 595 617 1991 5 177 .............. 100.0 5.0 9.1 10.9 18.0 16.4 16.5 14.4 5.6 4.1 29 229 615 36 694 646 1990 4 981 .............. 100.0 4.3 8.4 10.8 18.8 15.5 17.7 14.6 5.9 4.0 29 867 722 37 362 670

1989 4 840 .............. 100.0 4.4 8.2 9.1 17.9 15.7 17.1 17.3 5.6 4.7 31 501 842 39 228 718 1988 4 823 .............. 100.0 5.1 8.3 9.2 18.6 14.8 17.5 16.4 5.8 4.2 30 656 787 38 483 879 19875 ............. 4 576 100.0 4.6 9.0 10.4 18.6 15.3 16.3 16.0 5.5 4.2 29 771 628 37 910 762 1986 4 403 .............. 100.0 4.3 8.7 10.0 19.5 14.7 17.4 15.1 6.6 3.7 30 394 757 37 149 656 19856 ............. 4 206 100.0 4.0 9.1 11.1 19.2 15.6 17.6 14.5 6.0 3.0 29 460 758 35 847 629 1984 3 939 .............. 100.0 4.8 9.0 9.6 19.2 14.4 19.1 15.4 5.3 3.3 30 197 1 142 36 187 753 19837 ............. 3 788 100.0 4.8 8.8 11.3 18.7 16.8 18.1 14.3 4.6 2.6 28 319 (NA) 34 160 (NA) 1982 3 369 .............. 100.0 4.4 8.9 12.3 18.5 17.2 17.1 14.4 4.8 2.3 28 278 722 34 395 737 1981 3 305 .............. 100.0 3.3 8.7 9.7 19.5 16.9 18.9 15.5 5.1 2.4 30 326 780 35 816 715 1980 3 235 .............. 100.0 3.6 7.7 10.3 20.2 16.9 17.8 16.2 4.6 2.6 29 790 795 35 659 747

19798 ............. 3 029 100.0 2.9 7.5 8.9 19.8 15.8 20.4 16.1 5.4 3.2 31 899 928 37 762 803 1978 2 741 .............. 100.0 2.6 7.5 9.7 19.6 17.5 19.9 16.2 4.6 2.4 31 015 785 36 176 768 1977 2 764 .............. 100.0 2.7 6.9 10.5 20.1 19.0 19.0 15.2 4.4 2.2 30 107 661 35 041 556 19769 ............. 2 583 100.0 2.7 8.3 11.0 21.0 17.9 18.8 15.0 3.3 2.0 28 774 634 33 825 575 197510 ............ 2 499 100.0 3.0 9.1 10.5 21.4 17.4 20.8 13.2 3.1 1.5 28 313 679 32 893 610 197410 11 .......... 2 475 100.0 2.3 6.7 10.6 20.4 18.3 21.6 14.4 4.0 1.8 30 624 (NA) 34 839 (NA) 1973 2 365 .............. 100.0 2.5 5.7 9.2 20.9 18.5 21.4 16.0 3.9 1.8 30 761 (NA) 35 028 (NA) 197212 ............ 2 312 100.0 2.5 6.0 9.9 21.0 20.6 22.0 12.8 3.5 1.8 30 704 (NA) 34 513 (NA)

NON~HISPANIC

WHITE

1999 53 071 .............. 100.0 1.5 2.2 3.6 10.5 11.2 16.7 22.9 14.2 17.5 54 121 355 68 363 446

1998 53 107 .............. 100.0 1.7 2.4 3.8 10.3 11.9 16.8 23.5 13.3 16.4 52 747 266 66 781 466

1997 52 875 .............. 100.0 1.7 2.4 4.0 11.1 11.9 17.5 23.3 13.1 15.0 51 522 321 64 679 436

1996 52 625 .............. 100.0 1.6 2.9 4.2 11.0 12.7 17.8 23.6 12.4 13.8 49 930 268 62 244 431

19951 ............. 52 861 100.0 1.4 2.5 4.5 11.4 13.0 18.2 23.2 12.4 13.3 49 212 277 61 186 399

19942 ............. 53 029 100.0 1.6 3.1 4.6 12.1 12.8 18.2 22.7 11.8 13.0 47 832 272 60 314 395

19933 ............. 52 470 100.0 1.8 3.2 4.6 12.1 13.2 18.1 22.8 11.8 12.3 47 397 248 59 338 403

19924 ............. 52 302 100.0 1.9 3.0 4.6 11.9 12.5 18.9 23.7 11.9 11.7 47 895 247 57 115 286

1991 52 288 .............. 100.0 1.7 3.0 4.2 11.7 13.4 18.7 23.5 12.2 11.6 47 998 263 57 142 279

1990 52 038 .............. 100.0 1.5 2.7 4.0 11.2 13.0 19.1 23.6 12.6 12.2 48 742 279 58 543 293

1989 51 955 .............. 100.0 1.5 2.6 4.2 11.2 12.4 18.4 24.1 12.4 13.2 49 795 250 60 019 313

1988 51 850 .............. 100.0 1.5 2.9 4.1 11.4 12.3 18.8 24.2 13.0 11.9 49 454 252 58 406 293

19875 ............. 51 702 100.0 1.6 2.8 4.1 11.3 12.4 18.8 24.4 13.0 11.6 49 143 281 58 073 289

1986 51 426 .............. 100.0 1.7 3.1 4.2 11.6 12.8 18.9 24.2 12.3 11.2 48 139 233 56 859 280

19856 ............. 50 912 100.0 1.9 3.1 4.6 12.3 13.3 19.5 23.5 11.8 10.0 46 538 247 54 617 267

1984 50 563 .............. 100.0 1.9 3.1 4.8 12.4 13.4 19.9 23.7 11.4 9.3 45 622 260 53 180 247

19837 ............. 50 208 100.0 2.0 3.3 4.8 12.8 14.3 19.9 23.8 10.5 8.5 44 340 224 51 462 237

1982 50 123 .............. 100.0 2.1 3.3 5.0 13.0 14.2 20.8 23.1 10.5 8.1 43 870 225 50 852 235

1981 50 066 .............. 100.0 1.8 3.0 5.1 13.4 13.4 21.0 24.2 10.6 7.6 44 473 251 50 700 226

1980 49 584 .............. 100.0 1.5 2.9 4.9 12.5 13.7 21.1 25.2 10.4 7.8 45 215 213 51 415 231

19798 ............. 49 309 100.0 1.4 2.7 4.3 12.1 13.5 20.7 26.2 10.8 8.4 46 822 225 53 149 245

1978 48 245 .............. 100.0 1.5 2.7 4.9 12.2 13.3 21.1 25.6 11.0 7.7 46 248 244 52 325 242

1977 47 828 .............. 100.0 1.5 2.7 5.2 12.7 13.8 21.2 25.9 10.1 7.0 44 940 219 50 926 240

19769 ............. 47 569 100.0 1.4 2.8 5.1 12.9 14.2 22.3 25.3 9.7 6.3 44 382 207 49 958 233

197510 ............ 47 447 100.0 1.3 3.1 5.5 13.3 14.4 22.7 24.7 9.0 5.8 43 023 220 48 518 231

197410 11 .......... 47 026 100.0 1.5 2.6 4.8 12.6 14.7 23.0 24.8 9.5 6.3 43 811 231 49 688 231

1973 46 550 .............. 100.0 1.3 2.9 4.9 12.0 13.5 23.1 25.3 10.0 6.8 44 682 216 50 728 216

197212 ............ 46 213 100.0 1.5 3.1 4.9 12.3 14.5 23.2 24.5 9.6 6.5 43 879 188 49 897 222

1Full implementation of the 1990 census~based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000 household sample reduction, and revised race edits. 2Introduction of 1990 census~based sample design. 3Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer~assisted interviewing. In addition, we revised the March 1994 income supplement to allow for the coding of different income

amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following categories: earnings increased to $999,999; social security increased to $49,999; supplemental security

income and public assistance increased to $24,999; veterans’ benefits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony decreased to $49,999. 4Implementation of 1990 census population controls.

5Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

6Recording of amounts for earnings from longest job increased to $299,999. Full implementation of 1980 census~based sample design. 7Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls and introduction of 1980 census~based sample design. 8Implementation of 1980 census population controls. Questionnaire expanded to show 27 possible values from 51 possible sources of income. 9First year medians are derived using both Pareto and linear interpolation. Prior to this year all medians were derived using linear interpolation. 10These estimates were derived using Pareto interpolation and may differ from published data which were derived using linear interpolation. 11Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. Questionnaire expanded to ask 11 income questions. 12Full implementation of 1970 census~based sample design. 13Introduction of 1970 census~based sample design and population controls. 14Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. 15Hispanics may be of any race.

B–10 Appendix B

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–5. Total Money Income of People by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1999

[People 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and people 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983,

constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000)

Number with income

(1,000) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500to $4,999$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999$75,000 and

over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

ALL RACES

Male

1999 103 114 ................... 96 023 100.0 5.2 3.5 9.1 9.8 18.1 31.0 13.1 10.3 27 275 131 38 352 268 1998 102 048 ................... 94 948 100.0 5.3 3.5 9.5 10.0 18.3 31.5 12.7 9.3 27 077 131 37 117 263 1997 101 123 ................... 94 168 100.0 5.4 3.5 10.0 10.9 18.8 31.1 11.8 8.5 26 171 123 36 112 260 1996 100 159 ................... 93 439 100.0 5.5 3.7 10.5 11.5 18.5 31.1 11.5 7.8 25 308 167 34 828 263 19951 .................. 98 593 92 066 100.0 5.7 4.1 10.1 10.9 19.5 30.8 11.3 7.6 24 664 159 34 385 253 19942 .................. 97 704 91 254 100.0 6.1 3.8 10.4 11.6 19.6 29.5 11.4 7.6 24 417 124 34 138 240 19933 .................. 96 768 90 194 100.0 6.5 4.2 10.6 11.4 19.0 30.1 11.0 7.1 24 330 123 33 365 236 19924 .................. 95 652 90 175 100.0 6.5 4.5 10.8 11.0 19.6 30.0 11.0 6.7 24 290 127 31 836 165 1991 93 760 ................... 88 653 100.0 5.9 4.3 10.7 10.9 19.0 30.9 11.5 6.8 25 038 129 32 255 164 1990 92 840 ................... 88 220 100.0 5.5 4.0 10.3 10.1 18.8 31.9 12.1 7.2 25 867 130 33 194 175

1989 91 955 ................... 87 454 100.0 5.5 4.2 10.0 10.0 18.2 31.7 12.9 7.6 26 728 166 34 591 189 1988 91 034 ................... 86 584 100.0 5.8 4.3 10.1 9.5 17.8 32.4 12.9 7.2 26 627 184 33 875 186 19875 .................. 90 256 85 713 100.0 6.2 4.4 9.8 10.3 18.0 31.0 13.3 7.1 26 084 180 33 434 169 1986 89 368 ................... 84 471 100.0 6.5 4.4 9.9 9.3 18.6 31.4 12.5 7.4 26 014 140 33 171 165 19856 .................. 88 474 83 631 100.0 6.8 4.7 10.2 9.7 19.2 30.8 12.0 6.7 25 255 141 31 976 154 1984 87 034 ................... 82 183 100.0 7.0 4.9 10.8 9.7 18.2 31.5 11.6 6.3 25 015 144 31 169 138 19837 .................. 86 014 80 795 100.0 7.4 4.7 10.7 9.9 18.1 31.5 11.7 6.0 24 523 (NA) 30 413 (NA) 1982 84 955 ................... 79 722 100.0 7.5 4.6 10.7 10.2 18.7 31.5 11.2 5.7 24 310 158 30 290 136 1981 83 958 ................... 79 688 100.0 7.0 4.7 10.7 10.1 18.2 32.5 11.6 5.3 24 912 169 30 537 135 1980 82 949 ................... 78 661 100.0 6.7 4.1 10.3 9.8 18.6 32.6 12.4 5.4 25 364 157 31 053 138

19798 .................. 81 947 78 129 100.0 6.2 4.6 10.1 9.5 17.8 33.4 12.6 5.9 26 519 135 32 219 146 1978 80 969 ................... 75 609 100.0 6.9 4.3 10.4 9.2 17.0 33.7 12.7 5.9 26 989 155 32 364 150 1977 79 863 ................... 74 015 100.0 6.9 4.4 10.4 9.4 16.7 33.8 12.7 5.7 26 685 124 31 799 137 19769 .................. 78 782 72 775 100.0 6.9 4.5 10.3 9.5 16.8 34.5 12.3 5.2 26 437 148 31 315 135 197510 ................. 77 560 71 234 100.0 6.8 4.3 10.5 9.6 17.2 34.9 11.8 4.9 26 244 136 30 916 136 197410 11 ............... 76 363 70 863 100.0 6.9 4.5 10.1 8.6 16.5 36.2 11.8 5.4 27 131 (NA) 31 654 (NA) 1973 75 040 ................... 69 387 100.0 7.0 4.6 9.4 8.5 16.0 35.4 12.9 6.1 28 435 (NA) 32 787 (NA) 197212 ................. 73 572 67 474 100.0 6.8 4.8 9.4 8.2 16.6 36.7 11.5 6.0 27 954 (NA) 32 401 (NA) 197113 ................. 72 469 66 486 100.0 7.5 4.8 10.0 8.5 16.8 37.0 10.7 4.8 26 683 (NA) 30 506 (NA) 1970 70 592 ................... 65 008 100.0 7.5 5.3 9.7 8.5 16.4 37.8 10.2 4.7 26 906 (NA) 30 404 (NA)

1969 69 027 ................... 63 882 100.0 7.2 5.4 10.0 8.4 15.4 38.3 10.7 4.6 27 184 (NA) 30 453 (NA) 1968 67 611 ................... 62 501 100.0 7.4 5.8 9.6 8.2 17.5 38.9 8.7 3.9 26 426 (NA) 29 281 (NA) 196714 ................. 66 519 61 444 100.0 7.7 6.1 10.2 8.7 17.8 37.7 8.1 3.7 25 486 (NA) 27 785 (NA)

Female

1999 110 660 ................... 99 613 100.0 10.7 7.2 17.6 13.7 19.9 22.7 5.5 2.7 15 311 98 21 311 132

1998 109 628 ................... 98 694 100.0 11.3 6.9 18.5 14.2 19.3 22.2 5.3 2.3 14 749 104 20 914 142

1997 108 168 ................... 97 447 100.0 10.9 7.6 19.2 14.5 20.0 20.9 4.8 2.2 14 223 107 20 252 125

1996 107 076 ................... 96 558 100.0 11.1 8.0 20.1 14.4 19.4 20.8 4.3 1.9 13 607 112 19 504 133

19951 .................. 106 031 96 007 100.0 12.2 8.2 20.0 14.1 19.5 20.2 4.2 1.7 13 261 82 18 874 121

19942 .................. 105 028 95 147 100.0 12.9 8.4 20.0 14.8 18.9 19.4 3.9 1.6 12 890 80 18 524 122

19933 .................. 104 032 94 417 100.0 13.1 9.0 20.1 14.4 18.6 19.6 3.8 1.4 12 735 82 18 172 121

19924 .................. 102 954 93 517 100.0 13.4 9.1 19.8 14.3 18.7 19.8 3.6 1.2 12 722 83 17 719 93

1991 101 483 ................... 92 569 100.0 13.2 9.1 20.2 14.2 19.2 19.4 3.5 1.3 12 814 86 17 674 91

1990 100 680 ................... 92 245 100.0 13.3 9.5 19.2 13.7 19.3 19.9 3.8 1.3 12 836 91 17 734 93

1989 99 838 ................... 91 399 100.0 13.6 9.4 19.2 13.7 19.3 19.8 3.8 1.2 12 930 93 17 770 93

1988 99 019 ................... 90 593 100.0 14.4 9.4 20.1 13.1 18.8 19.8 3.4 1.1 12 511 107 17 338 97

19875 .................. 98 225 89 661 100.0 14.8 9.7 19.4 14.0 18.9 18.9 3.2 1.0 12 165 98 16 921 88

1986 97 320 ................... 87 822 100.0 15.9 9.7 20.0 12.8 19.2 18.7 2.7 1.0 11 568 84 16 327 84

19856 .................. 96 354 86 531 100.0 16.5 10.2 20.0 13.2 19.2 17.5 2.5 0.9 11 174 84 15 751 81

1984 95 282 ................... 85 555 100.0 17.0 9.9 20.5 13.5 18.9 17.1 2.2 0.8 11 013 73 15 368 76

19837 .................. 94 269 83 781 100.0 17.4 10.1 20.4 13.5 19.1 16.8 2.1 0.7 10 714 (NA) 14 886 (NA)

1982 93 145 ................... 82 505 100.0 18.3 10.1 21.2 14.0 18.8 15.4 1.8 0.5 10 259 66 14 282 72

1981 92 228 ................... 82 139 100.0 18.4 10.5 21.6 14.0 18.9 14.7 1.6 0.4 10 092 71 13 757 66

1980 91 133 ................... 80 826 100.0 18.8 10.5 20.9 14.3 19.2 14.3 1.5 0.4 9 959 66 13 708 68

19798 .................. 89 914 79 921 100.0 19.7 11.0 20.5 13.4 19.3 14.2 1.4 0.4 9 798 79 13 566 70

1978 88 617 ................... 71 864 100.0 17.1 11.9 21.9 13.9 19.2 14.4 1.4 0.4 10 040 89 13 820 72

1977 87 399 ................... 65 407 100.0 14.2 12.1 22.7 15.0 19.3 14.9 1.3 0.4 10 388 74 13 947 65

19769 .................. 86 153 63 170 100.0 14.7 12.5 23.0 14.8 19.1 14.2 1.3 0.4 10 030 79 13 673 67

197510 ................. 84 982 60 807 100.0 15.0 12.6 22.7 15.3 19.3 13.7 1.1 0.3 10 035 62 13 378 62

197410 11 ............... 83 599 59 642 100.0 15.7 12.9 22.8 14.0 19.1 14.1 1.1 0.3 9 893 (NA) 13 357 (NA) 1973 82 244 ................... 57 029 100.0 16.2 13.8 21.2 14.6 18.8 13.9 1.2 0.3 9 869 (NA) 13 409 (NA) 197212 ................. 80 896 54 487 100.0 16.6 14.0 20.6 13.3 19.8 14.2 1.1 0.4 9 752 (NA) 13 422 (NA) 197113 ................. 79 565 52 603 100.0 17.0 14.8 20.6 13.3 20.0 12.9 1.0 0.3 9 308 (NA) 12 883 (NA) 1970 77 649 ................... 51 647 100.0 18.7 14.9 19.8 13.3 19.4 12.6 0.9 0.3 9 024 (NA) 12 659 (NA)

1969 76 277 ................... 50 224 100.0 18.2 15.7 19.8 13.5 19.5 12.2 0.9 0.3 9 015 (NA) 12 453 (NA) 1968 74 889 ................... 48 544 100.0 19.1 15.7 19.7 13.5 19.8 11.2 0.8 0.2 8 922 (NA) 12 073 (NA) 196714 ................. 73 584 46 843 100.0 20.9 16.5 19.1 14.0 18.4 9.9 0.8 0.5 8 266 (NA) 11 396 (NA)

See footnotes at end of table.

Appendix B B–11

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–5. Total Money Income of People by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1999m

Con.

[People 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and people 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983,

constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000)

Number with income

(1,000) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500to $4,999$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999$75,000 and

over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

WHITE

Male

1999 86 443 ................... 81 574 100.0 5.0 3.2 8.3 9.5 17.8 31.6 13.6 11.0 28 564 217 39 843 303 1998 85 750 ................... 80 896 100.0 4.9 3.2 8.6 9.8 18.0 32.2 13.4 10.0 28 257 211 38 758 297 1997 85 219 ................... 80 400 100.0 5.1 3.3 9.1 10.7 18.5 31.6 12.4 9.2 27 108 134 37 659 290 1996 84 540 ................... 80 041 100.0 5.1 3.4 9.6 11.2 18.5 31.6 12.1 8.4 26 491 166 36 156 289 19951 .................. 83 463 79 022 100.0 5.2 3.8 9.4 10.7 19.2 31.6 12.0 8.3 26 121 193 35 711 277 19942 .................. 82 566 78 220 100.0 5.8 3.5 9.5 11.2 19.4 30.3 11.9 8.3 25 484 195 35 617 271 19933 .................. 82 026 77 650 100.0 6.0 3.9 9.8 11.1 18.9 30.9 11.8 7.7 25 343 133 34 786 263 19924 .................. 81 179 77 467 100.0 6.0 4.0 9.9 10.6 19.5 30.9 11.8 7.3 25 418 138 33 215 183 1991 80 049 ................... 76 578 100.0 5.4 3.9 9.8 10.6 18.9 31.9 12.2 7.4 26 171 137 33 637 181 1990 79 555 ................... 76 480 100.0 5.1 3.7 9.4 9.8 18.6 32.8 12.8 7.8 26 985 138 34 598 194

1989 78 908 ................... 75 858 100.0 5.1 3.8 8.9 9.7 17.9 32.5 13.7 8.3 28 031 149 36 140 210 1988 78 230 ................... 75 247 100.0 5.3 3.9 9.2 9.1 17.7 33.3 13.7 7.7 28 108 183 35 255 204 19875 .................. 77 743 74 647 100.0 5.8 4.0 8.8 9.9 17.8 31.8 14.2 7.7 27 725 189 34 864 185 1986 77 212 ................... 73 827 100.0 6.2 4.0 9.1 8.9 18.3 32.2 13.4 8.0 27 452 194 34 575 181 19856 .................. 76 617 73 222 100.0 6.4 4.2 9.5 9.3 18.8 31.5 12.9 7.3 26 493 153 33 325 171 1984 75 487 ................... 72 162 100.0 6.6 4.4 10.0 9.4 17.8 32.6 12.4 6.9 26 405 154 32 485 150 19837 .................. 74 805 71 231 100.0 6.9 4.3 9.9 9.6 17.9 32.4 12.4 6.5 25 799 (NA) 31 615 (NA) 1982 74 043 ................... 70 477 100.0 7.1 4.2 9.9 9.8 18.4 32.4 12.0 6.2 25 701 169 31 491 148 1981 73 285 ................... 70 351 100.0 6.7 4.3 9.9 9.6 17.8 33.4 12.4 5.9 26 434 179 31 794 148 1980 72 449 ................... 69 420 100.0 6.3 3.7 9.5 9.5 18.4 33.5 13.3 5.9 26 980 186 32 322 150

19798 .................. 71 887 69 247 100.0 5.9 4.2 9.3 9.2 17.3 34.2 13.5 6.4 27 703 144 33 487 159 1978 71 308 ................... 67 273 100.0 6.6 4.0 9.6 8.9 16.6 34.4 13.5 6.4 28 268 178 33 589 166 1977 70 407 ................... 65 974 100.0 6.6 4.1 9.8 8.9 16.2 34.7 13.6 6.2 27 950 145 33 048 150 19769 .................. 69 555 64 946 100.0 6.5 4.2 9.6 9.2 16.3 35.3 13.2 5.7 27 870 159 32 546 146 197510 ................. 68 573 63 629 100.0 6.6 4.0 9.8 9.1 16.9 35.7 12.6 5.3 27 569 160 32 111 148 197410 11 ............... 67 667 63 388 100.0 6.7 4.2 9.3 8.3 16.0 37.0 12.5 5.9 28 421 (NA) 32 816 (NA) 1973 66 550 ................... 62 082 100.0 6.8 4.3 8.9 8.2 15.4 36.1 13.7 6.7 29 837 (NA) 34 068 (NA) 197212 ................. 65 385 60 565 100.0 6.5 4.5 8.9 7.8 15.9 37.5 12.3 6.6 29 321 (NA) 33 695 (NA) 197113 ................. 64 611 59 729 100.0 7.2 4.4 9.5 8.1 16.1 38.1 11.5 5.2 27 974 (NA) 31 708 (NA) 1970 63 002 ................... 58 447 100.0 7.1 4.9 9.2 8.1 15.6 38.9 11.0 5.1 28 282 (NA) 31 625 (NA)

1969 61 645 ................... 57 343 100.0 6.8 4.9 9.6 7.9 14.6 39.4 11.6 5.1 28 605 (NA) 31 747 (NA) 1968 60 498 ................... 56 219 100.0 7.0 5.4 9.2 7.7 16.7 40.3 9.5 4.3 27 694 (NA) 30 469 (NA) 196714 ................. 59 524 55 270 100.0 7.2 5.7 9.8 8.1 17.0 39.5 8.8 4.0 26 831 (NA) 28 946 (NA)

Female

1999 91 138 ................... 82 781 100.0 11.0 7.0 17.3 13.8 20.0 22.6 5.5 2.8 15 362 108 21 501 149

1998 90 463 ................... 82 063 100.0 11.5 6.7 17.9 14.3 19.2 22.5 5.4 2.5 14 940 115 21 291 164

1997 89 489 ................... 81 352 100.0 11.2 7.4 18.8 14.6 19.7 21.1 4.9 2.3 14 316 117 20 542 145

1996 88 756 ................... 80 741 100.0 11.4 7.7 19.6 14.6 19.2 21.0 4.5 2.0 13 762 121 19 669 134

19951 .................. 88 134 80 608 100.0 12.5 7.9 19.4 14.0 19.6 20.4 4.4 1.8 13 464 90 19 217 136

19942 .................. 87 484 80 045 100.0 13.2 8.1 19.4 14.8 18.9 19.8 4.1 1.7 13 074 87 18 805 137

19933 .................. 86 765 79 484 100.0 13.2 8.6 19.6 14.4 18.8 20.0 4.0 1.5 12 989 89 18 464 133

19924 .................. 86 098 78 885 100.0 13.5 8.7 19.1 14.4 19.0 20.2 3.7 1.3 13 018 90 18 042 102

1991 85 510 ................... 78 721 100.0 13.5 8.6 19.5 14.3 19.2 19.9 3.7 1.3 13 114 92 17 947 99

1990 85 012 ................... 78 566 100.0 13.6 9.1 18.5 13.7 19.6 20.2 3.9 1.4 13 151 98 18 021 102

1989 84 508 ................... 77 933 100.0 13.9 9.1 18.3 13.8 19.5 20.1 3.8 1.3 13 183 99 17 975 101

1988 84 035 ................... 77 493 100.0 14.8 9.0 19.2 13.1 19.1 20.2 3.5 1.2 12 820 115 17 619 107

19875 .................. 83 552 76 940 100.0 15.2 9.2 18.6 14.1 19.0 19.4 3.3 1.1 12 476 104 17 214 98

1986 83 003 ................... 75 587 100.0 16.4 9.3 19.4 12.8 19.3 19.0 2.8 1.0 11 796 91 16 519 91

19856 .................. 82 345 74 640 100.0 17.0 9.8 19.3 13.3 19.3 17.7 2.6 0.9 11 391 91 15 974 88

1984 81 603 ................... 73 977 100.0 17.6 9.6 19.7 13.4 19.2 17.3 2.3 0.8 11 143 77 15 524 84

19837 .................. 80 901 72 643 100.0 17.9 9.6 19.7 13.5 19.3 17.0 2.2 0.7 10 901 (NA) 15 079 (NA)

1982 80 066 ................... 71 624 100.0 18.9 9.6 20.5 14.0 18.9 15.7 1.9 0.6 10 399 74 14 455 79

1981 79 591 ................... 71 566 100.0 19.1 10.1 20.9 13.8 19.2 14.9 1.7 0.4 10 205 78 13 903 73

1980 78 766 ................... 70 573 100.0 19.6 10.2 20.3 14.1 19.2 14.5 1.6 0.5 10 014 73 13 799 75

19798 .................. 77 882 69 839 100.0 20.5 10.6 19.8 13.4 19.3 14.4 1.5 0.5 9 890 86 13 650 77

1978 77 091 ................... 62 695 100.0 17.8 11.6 21.0 13.9 19.2 14.6 1.5 0.4 10 162 94 13 898 79

1977 76 194 ................... 56 813 100.0 14.5 12.0 22.0 15.0 19.5 15.2 1.4 0.4 10 547 82 14 101 74

19769 .................. 75 239 55 026 100.0 15.3 12.3 22.4 14.6 19.2 14.5 1.3 0.4 10 114 87 13 796 73

197510 ................. 74 351 52 936 100.0 15.4 12.5 22.0 15.3 19.5 13.9 1.2 0.3 10 138 65 13 488 68

197410 11 ............... 73 312 52 038 100.0 16.0 12.8 22.2 14.0 19.1 14.4 1.2 0.3 10 005 (NA) 13 492 (NA) 1973 72 248 ................... 49 741 100.0 16.6 13.5 20.9 14.2 18.9 14.2 1.3 0.3 9 964 (NA) 13 600 (NA) 197212 ................. 71 226 47 519 100.0 17.1 13.6 20.3 13.0 19.8 14.6 1.2 0.4 9 816 (NA) 13 542 (NA) 197113 ................. 70 293 45 941 100.0 17.3 14.4 20.2 13.1 20.4 13.3 1.1 0.4 9 462 (NA) 13 081 (NA) 1970 68 793 ................... 45 288 100.0 19.0 14.6 19.3 13.0 19.6 13.0 1.0 0.4 9 141 (NA) 12 848 (NA)

1969 67 680 ................... 44 025 100.0 18.1 15.3 19.4 13.2 20.0 12.7 1.0 0.4 9 226 (NA) 12 723 (NA) 1968 66 543 ................... 42 482 100.0 19.1 15.3 19.2 13.2 20.2 11.8 0.8 0.3 9 188 (NA) 12 377 (NA) 196714 ................. 66 240 41 045 100.0 20.8 16.1 18.6 13.6 19.1 10.4 0.9 0.5 8 514 (NA) 11 684 (NA)

See footnotes at end of table.

B–12 Appendix B

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–5. Total Money Income of People by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1999m

Con.

[People 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and people 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983,

constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000)

Number with income

(1,000) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500to $4,999$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999$75,000 and

over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

BLACK

Male

1999 11 687 ................... 10 067 100.0 6.5 5.2 14.4 11.3 21.5 28.2 8.6 4.3 20 579 309 26 475 451 1998 11 483 ................... 9 776 100.0 7.1 5.7 16.4 11.5 20.6 28.3 7.4 3.1 19 748 461 24 500 420 1997 11 283 ................... 9 671 100.0 7.4 5.3 16.4 12.6 21.7 27.4 6.8 2.4 18 784 473 23 646 363 1996 11 113 ................... 9 410 100.0 8.2 5.7 17.6 13.2 19.1 27.7 6.1 2.4 17 510 351 23 900 667 19951 .................. 10 922 9 339 100.0 8.7 7.1 16.3 12.2 22.3 24.9 6.1 2.4 17 497 312 23 309 621 19942 .................. 10 825 9 199 100.0 8.2 6.1 17.9 13.7 20.9 24.0 6.7 2.4 16 842 352 22 723 423 19933 .................. 10 639 8 947 100.0 10.5 6.3 16.8 14.0 20.0 25.1 5.3 2.0 16 839 517 22 010 494 19924 .................. 10 453 9 104 100.0 9.7 8.6 17.8 13.1 20.5 23.7 4.8 1.8 15 513 461 20 757 355 1991 10 252 ................... 8 943 100.0 9.8 7.8 17.4 13.4 20.3 23.9 5.6 1.7 15 856 410 20 869 330 1990 10 074 ................... 8 820 100.0 8.8 6.7 17.9 12.6 20.7 25.0 6.7 1.5 16 402 481 21 651 355

1989 9 948 ................... 8 806 100.0 8.0 7.3 18.0 12.1 21.2 25.9 6.0 1.5 16 941 410 21 694 354 1988 9 809 ................... 8 610 100.0 9.1 7.4 17.0 12.4 19.9 26.0 6.1 2.1 16 962 383 22 288 414 19875 .................. 9 668 8 488 100.0 9.2 7.2 17.6 13.1 20.8 25.0 5.5 1.5 16 447 305 21 372 355 1986 9 472 ................... 8 285 100.0 8.8 8.3 16.9 12.5 21.4 25.1 5.4 1.8 16 450 325 21 069 336 19856 .................. 9 309 8 127 100.0 9.2 8.6 16.2 12.4 22.6 25.0 4.5 1.5 16 672 366 20 711 337 1984 9 141 ................... 7 851 100.0 10.4 8.2 18.6 12.8 21.5 22.8 4.5 1.1 15 149 426 19 432 292 19837 .................. 8 986 7 587 100.0 11.0 8.5 17.2 12.8 20.6 23.9 5.1 1.0 15 088 (NA) 19 327 (NA) 1982 8 757 ................... 7 290 100.0 10.0 7.8 17.6 13.6 22.0 24.3 3.9 0.9 15 402 405 19 256 302 1981 8 614 ................... 7 459 100.0 9.8 7.9 17.7 13.5 21.2 25.2 4.2 0.5 15 719 359 19 473 276 1980 8 448 ................... 7 387 100.0 10.0 7.8 17.5 12.3 21.4 25.1 4.9 0.9 16 212 366 19 926 295

19798 .................. 8 292 7 288 100.0 8.2 7.6 17.6 12.2 21.7 26.7 5.0 0.9 17 149 346 20 859 309 1978 8 148 ................... 6 971 100.0 9.4 7.3 17.6 12.2 19.8 27.2 5.5 1.0 16 934 356 21 081 321 1977 8 057 ................... 6 777 100.0 9.6 7.0 15.6 14.6 20.8 26.4 4.8 1.2 16 586 285 20 411 253 19769 .................. 7 914 6 651 100.0 9.7 7.4 17.0 12.8 20.6 27.5 4.2 0.9 16 781 336 20 138 258 197510 ................. 7 720 6 485 100.0 9.0 7.1 18.0 13.7 20.4 27.9 3.5 0.5 16 482 314 19 663 228 197410 11 ............... 7 507 6 409 100.0 9.0 7.2 17.0 11.2 21.7 29.0 4.5 0.5 17 611 (NA) 20 281 (NA) 1973 7 415 ................... 6 394 100.0 9.6 7.6 14.6 11.4 22.2 29.2 4.6 0.9 18 047 (NA) 20 698 (NA) 197212 ................. 7 200 6 043 100.0 10.1 8.0 13.7 11.4 22.9 29.6 3.5 0.8 17 760 (NA) 20 439 (NA) 197113 ................. 7 041 6 024 100.0 10.4 8.5 14.7 12.5 23.8 27.0 2.5 0.6 16 687 (NA) 18 894 (NA) 1970 6 796 ................... 5 844 100.0 10.8 9.1 13.6 13.0 23.7 26.9 2.2 0.6 16 777 (NA) 18 891 (NA)

1969 6 637 ................... 5 870 100.0 10.5 9.6 14.1 12.2 23.3 27.8 2.3 0.3 16 639 (NA) 18 440 (NA) 1968 6 456 ................... 5 715 100.0 11.5 9.4 13.7 12.9 25.1 25.6 1.4 0.4 16 430 (NA) 17 756 (NA) 196714 ................. 6 318 5 572 100.0 12.3 10.4 13.5 15.1 25.5 20.9 1.5 0.7 15 357 (NA) 16 963 (NA)

Female

1999 14 167 ................... 12 432 100.0 7.6 8.2 20.4 14.3 20.3 23.3 4.4 1.5 14 771 305 19 683 317

1998 13 964 ................... 12 272 100.0 8.6 8.3 22.8 14.5 20.1 20.6 4.1 1.1 13 427 290 18 327 267

1997 13 715 ................... 11 961 100.0 7.5 9.0 23.1 13.7 22.7 19.5 3.6 0.9 13 544 352 17 968 249

1996 13 514 ................... 11 817 100.0 8.7 10.1 24.2 13.5 20.9 19.0 2.9 0.7 12 500 262 17 553 455

19951 .................. 13 292 11 607 100.0 9.5 10.0 24.9 14.2 19.9 18.3 2.8 0.5 11 982 249 16 296 242

19942 .................. 13 097 11 450 100.0 9.8 10.5 24.1 14.7 19.7 17.0 3.0 1.1 11 853 245 16 804 288

19933 .................. 12 872 11 267 100.0 10.6 12.3 24.7 14.8 17.3 16.9 2.7 0.6 10 962 239 15 869 308

19924 .................. 12 677 11 076 100.0 11.3 12.3 25.8 13.5 16.8 17.3 2.6 0.3 10 553 258 15 163 218

1991 12 288 ................... 10 727 100.0 9.9 12.0 26.4 14.3 18.4 16.3 2.1 0.7 10 784 238 15 473 234

1990 12 124 ................... 10 687 100.0 10.2 13.1 25.1 13.9 17.4 17.2 2.6 0.4 10 615 263 15 359 236

1989 11 966 ................... 10 577 100.0 10.9 12.0 25.7 12.9 17.7 17.6 2.7 0.5 10 581 321 15 706 242

1988 11 786 ................... 10 380 100.0 10.9 12.0 26.6 13.3 17.1 17.8 1.8 0.5 10 350 204 15 070 239

19875 .................. 11 663 10 164 100.0 10.8 13.2 25.9 14.1 18.2 15.5 2.0 0.3 10 191 201 14 600 212

1986 11 447 ................... 9 819 100.0 11.6 13.1 26.1 13.1 18.3 15.4 1.8 0.4 9 981 191 14 498 238

19856 .................. 11 263 9 611 100.0 11.2 14.1 26.8 13.0 18.0 15.3 1.4 0.2 9 719 211 13 936 201

1984 11 092 ................... 9 460 100.0 12.1 12.2 27.0 14.6 17.4 15.0 1.4 0.2 9 884 221 13 825 191

19837 .................. 10 911 9 107 100.0 12.4 13.7 26.4 14.1 17.6 14.3 1.3 0.2 9 315 (NA) 13 231 (NA)

1982 10 687 ................... 8 921 100.0 12.5 13.7 27.4 14.4 17.9 13.1 0.8 0.1 9 172 220 12 807 180

1981 10 511 ................... 8 829 100.0 13.2 13.6 27.5 15.6 16.8 12.2 0.9 0.1 9 066 190 12 441 174

1980 10 317 ................... 8 596 100.0 12.0 13.7 27.0 15.4 18.7 12.3 0.8 0.1 9 271 223 12 808 180

19798 .................. 10 108 8 533 100.0 13.4 14.7 26.3 13.7 18.7 12.0 1.1 0.1 9 000 198 12 709 185

1978 9 902 ................... 7 959 100.0 10.9 14.3 29.0 14.2 18.3 12.5 0.6 0.1 9 150 207 12 864 188

1977 9 684 ................... 7 562 100.0 11.6 12.9 29.1 15.2 18.4 12.0 0.7 0.1 9 108 140 12 661 158

19769 .................. 9 484 7 188 100.0 9.8 14.5 28.2 16.1 18.1 12.4 0.9 0.1 9 530 146 12 747 151

197510 ................. 9 269 6 969 100.0 11.8 14.2 27.9 16.2 17.4 11.9 0.7 0.0 9 210 164 12 255 145

197410 11 ............... 9 047 6 779 100.0 13.0 14.0 28.0 14.2 18.7 11.4 0.6 0.1 9 033 (NA) 12 067 (NA) 1973 8 839 ................... 6 513 100.0 13.4 16.3 23.8 17.2 18.2 10.5 0.5 0.1 8 993 (NA) 11 846 (NA) 197212 ................. 8 616 6 274 100.0 13.2 16.9 23.2 15.6 19.0 11.4 0.6 0.1 9 170 (NA) 12 210 (NA) 197113 ................. 8 428 6 151 100.0 15.3 18.4 24.0 14.7 17.7 9.4 0.4 0.0 8 291 (NA) 11 194 (NA) 1970 8 041 ................... 5 844 100.0 16.5 17.2 23.8 15.8 17.3 8.8 0.5 0.0 8 322 (NA) 11 065 (NA)

1969 7 841 ................... 5 728 100.0 18.1 18.7 22.6 16.1 16.2 7.9 0.4 0.0 7 780 (NA) 10 352 (NA) 1968 7 636 ................... 5 629 100.0 19.6 19.3 23.2 15.2 16.0 6.6 0.2 0.0 7 287 (NA) 9 758 (NA) 196714 ................. 7 461 5 397 100.0 22.2 19.4 22.7 16.1 13.2 5.8 0.4 0.3 6 701 (NA) 9 509 (NA)

See footnotes at end of table.

Appendix B B–13

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–5. Total Money Income of People by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1999m

Con.

[People 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and people 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983,

constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000)

Number with income

(1,000) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500to $4,999$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999$75,000 and

over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

ASIAN AND PACIFIC

ISLANDER

Male

1999 4 041 ................... 3 572 100.0 6.0 3.8 9.2 11.0 15.5 27.3 14.1 13.0 27 731 1 227 40 710 1 485

1998 3 962 ................... 3 500 100.0 7.5 3.9 9.7 8.8 19.8 27.0 12.7 10.6 25 679 919 37 190 1 511

1997 3 765 ................... 3 330 100.0 6.3 3.4 10.5 10.7 18.4 29.2 11.7 9.6 25 998 924 36 976 1 644

1996 3 703 ................... 3 277 100.0 6.4 4.4 10.3 12.4 16.4 28.3 12.6 9.2 24 819 1 120 35 612 1 441

19951 .................. 3 496 3 095 100.0 8.9 4.8 9.5 10.4 17.9 30.4 10.1 8.0 24 228 811 36 284 2 047

19942 .................. 2 520 2 218 100.0 7.6 4.2 10.3 10.9 16.4 28.8 13.7 8.1 25 732 1 147 36 694 1 836

19933 .................. 2 689 2 330 100.0 7.8 4.3 10.1 10.7 18.3 28.7 11.4 8.7 24 951 732 35 230 1 869

19924 .................. 2 821 2 558 100.0 7.2 5.3 10.8 13.5 17.2 26.7 10.9 8.5 23 618 1 051 32 985 1 153

1991 2 621 ................... 2 358 100.0 8.1 4.7 11.8 10.2 18.9 26.6 12.1 7.5 24 009 1 014 32 728 1 189

1990 2 484 ................... 2 235 100.0 7.2 4.1 9.6 10.9 18.6 30.1 11.2 8.2 24 721 1 016 32 907 1 164

1989 2 366 ................... 2 112 100.0 5.7 5.2 10.6 9.9 14.2 31.1 14.4 8.8 27 690 815 36 225 1 337

1988 2 334 ................... 2 123 100.0 7.3 4.7 10.9 9.9 16.0 29.4 11.7 10.1 25 943 1 554 34 184 1 228

Female

1999 4 374 ................... 3 568 100.0 12.2 6.9 15.8 10.4 17.5 24.6 8.6 3.9 16 840 548 23 951 729

1998 4 336 ................... 3 591 100.0 15.0 6.0 15.9 12.1 19.4 20.6 8.0 3.0 15 564 735 21 773 632

1997 4 119 ................... 3 415 100.0 14.5 7.4 15.2 13.5 16.4 23.2 6.3 3.6 14 856 708 22 077 724

1996 3 876 ................... 3 226 100.0 13.5 8.0 16.4 11.9 17.9 24.1 5.2 3.1 15 539 726 23 229 1 532

19951 .................. 3 726 3 025 100.0 14.6 9.1 15.1 12.9 17.7 23.2 4.7 2.7 14 061 832 20 679 824

19942 .................. 2 715 2 258 100.0 15.7 6.9 17.3 12.9 17.1 23.0 4.7 2.3 13 897 763 19 966 728

19933 .................. 3 005 2 509 100.0 18.2 6.5 15.3 11.5 18.7 21.3 5.9 2.5 14 256 836 20 958 1 233

19924 .................. 3 079 2 605 100.0 18.8 7.9 14.2 12.0 18.2 20.8 5.6 2.6 14 097 591 20 312 741

1991 2 850 ................... 2 393 100.0 17.6 8.8 15.6 12.7 20.1 18.1 4.5 2.6 13 487 585 19 556 845

1990 2 764 ................... 2 333 100.0 15.9 7.2 15.9 13.2 17.8 22.7 5.0 2.3 14 131 604 19 966 737

1989 2 599 ................... 2 235 100.0 14.8 8.1 14.9 11.9 20.4 20.5 6.6 2.6 15 059 660 21 145 824 1988 2 476 ................... 2 093 100.0 15.5 10.4 16.9 12.6 17.1 18.8 6.2 2.4 13 017 739 19 289 773

See footnotes at end of table.

B–14 Appendix B

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–5. Total Money Income of People by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1999m

Con.

[People 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and people 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983,

constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000)

Number with income

(1,000) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500to $4,999$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999$75,000 and

over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

HISPANIC ORIGIN15

Male

1999 11 327 ................... 10 045 100.0 4.8 4.5 12.5 16.9 27.2 25.1 6.1 2.9 18 234 335 23 979 487 1998 10 937 ................... 9 617 100.0 5.2 4.2 14.6 17.4 25.4 23.8 6.2 3.1 17 638 243 24 893 702 1997 10 944 ................... 9 585 100.0 6.4 4.5 15.2 18.5 24.8 22.5 5.2 2.8 16 833 242 23 241 529 1996 10 627 ................... 9 305 100.0 6.2 5.2 16.7 18.9 23.6 22.6 4.8 2.2 16 391 267 22 092 617 19951 .................. 9 826 8 577 100.0 6.7 6.3 17.0 16.8 24.4 22.0 4.7 2.0 16 223 320 21 318 531 19942 .................. 9 555 8 375 100.0 6.8 5.2 17.9 17.8 23.8 21.3 4.7 2.6 16 300 336 22 600 738 19933 .................. 9 312 8 208 100.0 7.1 6.0 17.7 18.5 22.1 22.0 4.7 2.0 15 783 379 21 520 544 19924 .................. 8 996 8 056 100.0 7.2 6.2 17.7 16.8 24.3 21.3 4.7 1.9 15 921 364 20 908 373 1991 7 738 ................... 6 939 100.0 6.2 5.1 16.8 17.6 23.3 24.1 5.0 1.9 16 902 423 21 939 387 1990 7 502 ................... 6 767 100.0 5.9 5.8 15.5 16.2 24.7 24.7 5.0 2.2 17 170 403 22 246 423

1989 7 254 ................... 6 592 100.0 6.4 5.5 14.5 15.7 25.1 24.7 5.6 2.6 18 004 445 23 336 477 1988 7 012 ................... 6 342 100.0 6.3 5.9 14.6 14.4 24.3 26.4 6.0 2.1 18 350 560 23 441 496 19875 .................. 6 768 6 102 100.0 5.7 5.6 15.3 16.0 22.9 25.2 6.9 2.3 17 936 308 23 762 492 1986 6 517 ................... 5 870 100.0 7.2 6.0 14.5 14.5 24.3 24.8 6.7 2.0 17 530 310 22 625 424 19856 .................. 6 232 5 523 100.0 7.2 6.2 14.8 14.9 23.3 25.7 6.0 1.9 17 704 370 22 435 410 1984 5 809 ................... 5 174 100.0 7.8 6.9 15.3 13.3 22.7 26.5 5.4 2.1 17 800 489 22 448 519 19837 .................. 5 633 4 236 100.0 7.2 6.0 15.0 13.9 24.3 26.6 5.3 1.6 18 157 (NA) 21 779 (NA) 1982 4 592 ................... 4 092 100.0 7.9 5.4 14.8 14.5 24.0 26.1 5.6 1.8 18 247 445 22 281 551 1981 4 557 ................... 4 131 100.0 7.1 5.7 14.1 13.5 24.2 27.8 6.1 1.4 18 866 518 22 787 521 1980 4 429 ................... 3 996 100.0 7.5 4.9 12.6 14.4 24.9 27.6 6.5 1.6 19 553 617 23 275 563

19798 .................. 4 196 3 852 100.0 6.8 6.2 13.0 11.8 25.1 29.0 6.1 2.1 19 972 644 23 898 584 1978 3 880 ................... 3 447 100.0 7.2 5.6 12.0 11.7 24.9 30.4 6.5 1.8 20 683 575 24 131 600 1977 3 848 ................... 3 376 100.0 6.8 5.1 12.8 11.4 24.6 31.7 5.9 1.7 20 553 469 23 533 488 19769 .................. 3 526 3 099 100.0 7.8 5.7 13.5 11.7 23.8 30.1 5.9 1.5 19 773 569 22 914 524 197510 ................. 3 415 2 945 100.0 7.7 5.5 12.9 11.9 25.3 30.3 5.1 1.3 20 090 521 22 767 575 197410 11 ............... 3 519 3 052 100.0 7.9 5.8 11.8 11.5 23.6 33.0 4.9 1.5 20 682 (NA) 23 276 (NA) 1973 3 433 ................... 2 867 100.0 8.1 5.7 9.8 10.9 25.0 34.3 5.2 1.1 21 884 (NA) (NA) (NA) 197212 ................. 3 204 2 709 100.0 7.1 6.1 10.2 11.7 24.3 34.4 4.5 1.7 21 710 (NA) (NA) (NA)

Female

1999 11 466 ................... 8 749 100.0 12.6 9.9 22.0 16.4 20.0 15.2 2.6 1.1 11 314 218 16 041 465 1998 11 058 ................... 8 405 100.0 12.8 10.1 23.1 17.5 18.4 14.8 2.4 0.9 11 102 224 15 581 439

1997 10 485 ................... 8 055 100.0 13.8 10.1 24.1 17.1 17.8 14.2 2.1 0.8 10 650 207 15 061 415

1996 10 073 ................... 7 744 100.0 13.6 11.4 25.5 16.3 17.3 13.0 2.1 0.7 10 071 242 14 377 452

19951 .................. 9 754 7 478 100.0 14.3 11.7 25.9 15.4 17.3 13.0 1.8 0.5 9 760 249 14 210 530

19942 .................. 9 433 7 298 100.0 14.5 11.1 25.8 17.0 15.8 13.3 1.7 0.8 9 682 250 14 063 341

19933 .................. 9 146 7 053 100.0 15.2 12.6 25.2 16.5 15.8 12.5 1.7 0.5 9 339 268 13 416 290

19924 .................. 8 815 6 749 100.0 14.8 12.5 23.9 16.8 15.9 13.8 1.7 0.7 9 865 263 13 865 281

1991 7 806 ................... 6 084 100.0 15.4 12.5 24.6 16.1 16.5 12.8 1.6 0.6 9 802 268 13 460 287

1990 7 559 ................... 5 903 100.0 15.6 12.4 23.7 15.3 17.7 13.0 1.9 0.5 9 600 277 13 495 283

1989 7 323 ................... 5 677 100.0 15.9 11.9 21.4 16.7 17.1 14.8 1.7 0.6 10 274 315 14 160 312

1988 7 045 ................... 5 532 100.0 17.0 12.3 22.0 16.1 16.0 14.5 1.7 0.5 9 844 313 13 786 373

19875 .................. 6 835 5 357 100.0 16.6 12.5 22.9 16.1 16.7 13.0 1.8 0.5 9 723 247 13 636 324

1986 6 588 ................... 5 096 100.0 17.1 11.7 23.1 14.6 18.4 13.3 1.4 0.3 9 634 272 13 175 278

19856 .................. 6 366 4 843 100.0 17.3 12.7 24.0 14.9 17.4 12.6 0.8 0.3 9 321 262 12 663 277

1984 5 967 ................... 4 617 100.0 18.2 11.8 23.6 14.6 18.7 11.9 1.0 0.2 9 348 318 12 500 319

19837 .................. 5 790 4 098 100.0 18.4 11.6 24.1 16.0 17.4 11.2 1.2 0.2 9 050 (NA) 12 093 (NA)

1982 5 119 ................... 3 832 100.0 18.9 11.5 24.1 15.7 18.7 10.0 0.9 0.2 8 958 359 11 885 329

1981 4 955 ................... 3 787 100.0 19.1 12.0 22.9 16.8 18.4 10.0 0.7 0.1 9 356 352 11 813 313

1980 4 734 ................... 3 617 100.0 18.9 13.0 22.4 18.5 17.3 9.2 0.6 0.2 8 917 378 11 363 314

19798 .................. 4 501 3 495 100.0 19.1 11.7 22.4 17.4 18.8 9.5 0.9 0.2 9 343 397 11 833 329

1978 4 178 ................... 2 949 100.0 16.4 13.1 24.9 17.4 17.7 9.7 0.7 0.2 9 349 380 11 842 348

1977 4 212 ................... 2 780 100.0 15.0 13.2 23.4 18.7 19.7 9.3 0.5 0.1 9 672 351 11 831 304

19769 .................. 3 922 2 568 100.0 14.9 13.0 24.6 19.6 19.1 8.3 0.3 0.1 9 421 336 11 469 283

197510 ................. 3 777 2 380 100.0 15.0 14.0 24.0 20.2 18.6 7.9 0.2 0.0 9 492 329 11 259 282

197410 11 ............... 3 743 2 353 100.0 16.0 12.1 24.9 18.1 20.2 8.4 0.4 0.0 9 656 (NA) 11 482 (NA)

1973 3 752 ................... 2 154 100.0 16.9 13.0 22.9 17.5 21.1 8.0 0.5 0.1 9 360 (NA) (NA) (NA)

197212 ................. 3 511 1 928 100.0 16.2 14.5 20.8 18.0 20.7 9.5 0.2 0.1 9 933 (NA) (NA) (NA)

See footnotes at end of table.

Appendix B B–15

U.S. Census Bureau
Table B–5. Total Money Income of People by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1967 to 1999m

Con.

[People 15 years old and over beginning with March 1980, and people 14 years old and over as of March of the following year for previous years. Income in 1999 CPI~U adjusted dollars. Before 1983,

constant dollar entries are based on the CPI~U~X1. For meaning of symbols, see text]

Race, Hispanic origin, sex,

and year

With income

Percent distribution Median income Mean income

Number

(1,000)

Number with income

(1,000) Total

$1 to

$2,499

or loss

$2,500to $4,999$5,000to $9,999$10,000to $14,999$15,000to $24,999$25,000to $49,999$50,000to $74,999$75,000 and

over

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

Value (dollars)

Standard error (dollars)

NON~HISPANIC

WHITE

Male

1999 75 692 ................... 72 027 100.0 5.0 3.1 7.8 8.5 16.5 32.4 14.6 12.0 30 594 155 41 943 335

1998 75 286 ................... 71 707 100.0 4.9 3.0 7.8 8.8 17.0 33.2 14.3 10.9 30 522 216 40 521 322

1997 74 703 ................... 71 150 100.0 5.0 3.2 8.3 9.7 17.7 32.8 13.4 10.0 28 606 203 39 527 322

1996 74 349 ................... 71 084 100.0 5.0 3.2 8.7 10.2 17.8 32.8 13.0 9.2 27 915 147 37 915 316

19951 .................. 74 040 70 754 100.0 5.1 3.4 8.5 10.0 18.5 32.7 12.8 9.0 27 855 160 37 388 302

19942 .................. 74 238 70 919 100.0 5.7 3.3 8.6 10.6 19.0 31.2 12.7 8.9 27 117 206 36 930 286

19933 .................. 73 580 70 179 100.0 5.9 3.7 9.0 10.3 18.5 31.8 12.5 8.3 26 715 199 36 194 283

19924 .................. 72 761 69 907 100.0 5.9 3.8 9.1 9.9 19.0 31.9 12.6 7.8 26 598 152 34 530 197

1991 72 682 ................... 69 976 100.0 5.3 3.8 9.2 9.9 18.5 32.6 12.8 7.9 27 123 143 34 732 194

1990 72 352 ................... 69 987 100.0 5.0 3.5 8.9 9.2 18.0 33.6 13.5 8.3 27 989 143 35 753 206

1989 71 972 ................... 69 558 100.0 5.0 3.7 8.5 9.1 17.3 33.2 14.5 8.8 29 101 155 37 293 223

1988 71 492 ................... 69 143 100.0 5.3 3.8 8.8 8.7 17.1 33.9 14.4 8.2 29 156 164 36 297 205

19875 .................. 71 224 68 762 100.0 5.8 3.8 8.3 9.4 17.4 32.3 14.8 8.2 28 882 203 35 810 202

1986 70 888 ................... 68 131 100.0 6.1 3.8 8.6 8.4 17.8 32.9 13.9 8.5 28 687 209 35 575 199

19856 .................. 70 624 67 859 100.0 6.4 4.0 9.1 8.9 18.5 32.0 13.5 7.8 27 393 210 34 186 189

1984 69 835 ................... 67 126 100.0 6.5 4.3 9.5 9.1 17.5 33.0 12.9 7.2 27 190 175 33 236 173

19837 .................. 69 303 66 350 100.0 6.9 4.2 9.6 9.2 17.5 32.8 13.0 6.9 26 551 168 32 340 171

1982 69 559 ................... 66 476 100.0 7.1 4.1 9.6 9.5 18.0 32.8 12.4 6.5 26 358 176 32 048 168

1981 68 849 ................... 66 327 100.0 6.6 4.2 9.6 9.4 17.4 33.7 12.8 6.2 27 129 201 32 347 169

1980 68 176 ................... 65 564 100.0 6.2 3.7 9.3 9.2 18.0 33.9 13.6 6.1 27 694 211 32 849 170

19798 .................. 67 823 65 506 100.0 5.9 4.1 9.1 9.0 16.9 34.4 13.9 6.7 28 286 210 34 027 180

1978 67 528 ................... 63 916 100.0 6.6 3.9 9.5 8.7 16.2 34.6 13.9 6.6 28 568 171 34 090 188

1977 66 665 ................... 62 678 100.0 6.5 4.0 9.6 8.8 15.8 34.9 14.0 6.4 28 517 177 33 547 190

19769 .................. 66 125 61 921 100.0 6.5 4.1 9.4 9.0 16.0 35.6 13.5 5.9 28 381 177 33 017 185

197510 ................. 65 251 60 755 100.0 6.5 4.0 9.6 9.0 16.5 35.9 13.0 5.5 28 203 193 32 559 187

197410 11 ............... 64 233 60 397 100.0 6.6 4.1 9.2 8.2 15.7 37.2 12.9 6.1 29 022 199 33 291 186

1973 63 207 ................... 59 151 100.0 6.7 4.3 8.9 8.0 14.9 36.1 14.1 7.0 30 263 184 34 595 177

197212 ................. 62 273 57 870 100.0 6.4 4.4 8.8 7.7 15.5 37.6 12.7 6.8 29 654 180 34 153 180

Female

1999 80 228 ................... 74 496 100.0 10.8 6.7 16.7 13.5 20.0 23.4 5.9 3.0 15 922 116 22 112 157

1998 79 937 ................... 74 106 100.0 11.4 6.3 17.3 14.0 19.3 23.3 5.8 2.7 15 553 130 21 910 175

1997 79 502 ................... 73 709 100.0 10.9 7.1 18.2 14.3 19.9 21.8 5.2 2.5 14 936 123 21 123 155

1996 79 232 ................... 73 445 100.0 11.1 7.3 19.1 14.5 19.4 21.8 4.7 2.2 14 349 128 20 202 139

19951 .................. 78 867 73 506 100.0 12.3 7.6 18.8 13.9 19.8 21.1 4.6 1.9 14 001 128 19 706 140

19942 .................. 79 252 73 665 100.0 13.1 7.8 18.9 14.6 19.2 20.3 4.3 1.8 13 428 91 19 211 145

19933 .................. 78 477 73 128 100.0 13.1 8.3 19.1 14.2 19.0 20.6 4.2 1.5 13 373 94 18 903 141

19924 .................. 77 820 72 559 100.0 13.4 8.4 18.7 14.2 19.3 20.7 3.8 1.4 13 362 96 18 409 109

1991 78 071 ................... 72 949 100.0 13.3 8.3 19.0 14.1 19.5 20.5 3.8 1.4 13 457 95 18 314 104

1990 77 796 ................... 72 939 100.0 13.5 8.8 18.1 13.6 19.8 20.8 4.1 1.4 13 487 103 18 377 107

1989 77 500 ................... 72 509 100.0 13.8 8.9 18.1 13.6 19.7 20.5 4.0 1.3 13 453 107 18 263 106

1988 77 296 ................... 72 216 100.0 14.6 8.7 19.0 12.8 19.3 20.6 3.7 1.2 13 119 115 17 908 107

19875 .................. 76 983 71 817 100.0 15.1 9.0 18.4 14.0 19.1 19.8 3.4 1.2 12 756 112 17 471 105

1986 76 641 ................... 70 671 100.0 16.4 9.1 19.1 12.6 19.3 19.4 2.9 1.1 11 995 120 16 753 100

19856 .................. 76 199 69 972 100.0 17.0 9.6 19.0 13.2 19.4 18.0 2.8 1.0 11 517 82 16 202 96

1984 75 804 ................... 69 497 100.0 17.6 9.5 19.5 13.3 19.2 17.6 2.4 0.9 11 321 84 15 721 96

19837 .................. 75 274 68 380 100.0 17.9 9.5 19.5 13.3 19.4 17.4 2.3 0.8 11 142 89 15 268 92

1982 75 083 ................... 67 894 100.0 18.9 9.5 20.3 13.9 18.9 16.0 1.9 0.6 10 708 89 14 598 89

1981 74 787 ................... 67 889 100.0 19.0 10.0 20.8 13.6 19.2 15.2 1.7 0.4 10 388 96 14 020 82

1980 74 193 ................... 67 084 100.0 19.6 10.0 20.2 13.9 19.3 14.8 1.6 0.5 10 081 79 13 931 85

19798 .................. 73 535 66 447 100.0 20.6 10.5 19.7 13.2 19.3 14.7 1.5 0.5 10 147 79 13 742 86

1978 73 030 ................... 59 833 100.0 17.9 11.5 20.8 13.7 19.3 14.8 1.5 0.4 10 610 87 14 000 89

1977 72 104 ................... 54 110 100.0 14.5 12.0 21.9 14.8 19.5 15.4 1.4 0.5 11 029 92 14 216 92

19769 .................. 71 425 52 538 100.0 15.3 12.2 22.3 14.4 19.2 14.8 1.4 0.4 10 807 98 13 909 93

197510 ................. 70 686 50 628 100.0 15.5 12.4 21.9 15.0 19.6 14.1 1.2 0.3 10 720 104 13 592 86

197410 11 ............... 69 666 49 757 100.0 16.0 12.8 22.1 13.8 19.1 14.7 1.2 0.3 10 506 112 13 588 93

1973 68 605 ................... 47 526 100.0 16.6 13.6 20.8 14.1 18.8 14.5 1.3 0.4 10 176 117 13 681 85

197212 ................. 67 815 45 594 100.0 17.1 13.6 20.3 12.8 19.8 14.8 1.2 0.4 9 906 128 13 628 90

1Full implementation of the 1990 census~based sample design and metropolitan definitions, 7,000 household sample reduction, and revised race edits. 2Introduction of 1990 census~based sample design. 3Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer~assisted interviewing. In addition, we revised the March 1994 income supplement to allow for the coding of different income

amounts on selected questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following categories: earnings increased to $999,999; social security increased to $49,999; supplemental security

income and public assistance increased to $24,999; veterans’ benefits increased to $99,999; child support and alimony decreased to $49,999. 4Implementation of 1990 census population controls.

5Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

6Recording of amounts for earnings from longest job increased to $299,999. Full implementation of 1980 census~based sample design. 7Implementation of Hispanic population weighting controls and introduction of 1980 census~based sample design. 8Implementation of 1980 census population controls. Questionnaire expanded to show 27 possible values from 51 possible sources of income. 9First year medians are derived using both Pareto and linear interpolation. Prior to this year all medians were derived using linear interpolation. 10These estimates were derived using Pareto interpolation and may differ from published data which were derived using linear interpolation. 11Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. Questionnaire expanded to ask 11 income questions. 12Full implementation of 1970 census~based sample design. 13Introduction of 1970 census~based sample design and population controls. 14Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. 15Hispanics may be of any race.

B–16 Appendix B

U.S. Census Bureau
Appendix C.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Statement

on the Use of the CPI-U-RS

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has made numerous

improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the

past quarter-century. While these improvements make the

present and future CPI more accurate, historical price

index series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements.

Many researchers, however, expressed an interest in having a historical series that was measured consistently over

the entire period. Accordingly, the Consumer Price Index

research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) presents

an estimate of the CPI for all urban consumers (CPI-U)

from 1978 to 1998 that incorporates most of the improvements made over that time span into the entire series.

The CPI-U-RS is, in some ways, an extension of the CPIU-X1, an experimental series that shows what the inflation

rate in the CPI-U might have been, if the current rentalequivalence method of measuring the cost of homeownership had been in place prior to 1983.

The CPI-U-RS has some limitations. First, most estimates

are based on BLS research covering a short period of time

and extrapolated to a longer period. Therefore, there is

considerable uncertainty surrounding the magnitude of

the adjustments. Second, there have been several

improvements in the CPI not incorporated into the CPI-URS, either because they do not represent changes in methodology, because they had negligible impacts on the CPI’s

growth rate, or because it was impossible to systematically estimate the impacts of the new methods in past

years.

Nonetheless, the CPI-U-RS can serve as a valuable proxy

for researchers needing a historical estimate of inflation

using current (1999) methods. The direct adjustment of

individual CPI index series makes this the most detailed

and systematic estimate available of a consistent CPI

series.

Bureau of Labor Statistics

U.S. Department of Labor

August 1999

Appendix C C–1

U.S. Census Bureau
Appendix D.

Quality of Income Data

Income estimates from the March CPS are subject to

sampling error and nonsampling error. Four general types

of nonsampling error are: (1) using sampling frames that

do not include all units eligible for the survey; (2) failing

to contact sampled households or members of sampled

households; (3) respondents misreporting receipt, amount,

or source of income; and (4) processing errors. One way to

evaluate the quality of the data collected in the March CPS

is to compare its aggregate income estimates to administrative benchmarks.

There are many administrative sources that might provide data for income benchmarks, such as the U.S. Social

Security Administration for Social Security benefits, the

U.S. Department of Labor for wages, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services for welfare payments.

However, the National Income and Product Accounts

(NIPAs) produced by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

(BEA) offer the advantages of comparability with previous

work in this area, ease of access, and consistent definitions of income and coverage universe over time.

The NIPAs include estimates of Gross Domestic Product,

Gross National Product, and Personal Income. In contrast

to the March CPS, which focuses on measuring cash regularly available to individual people, families, and households, the NIPAs quantify aggregate dollars flowing

through the personal, business, and government sectors

of the U.S. economy. The NIPAs include many statistical

and conceptual adjustments to source data that reflect an

accounting framework based on economic theory.

Because of different income definitions and population

coverage in the NIPAs and the March CPS, adjustments are

necessary to perform benchmark comparisons properly.

Among the populations excluded from the March CPS are

people who live in institutions, on military bases, overseas, or who die before the interview date. Accordingly,

estimates of the income of these groups are subtracted

from the NIPA figures to create appropriate benchmarks.

Income definition adjustments are necessary as well.

Census Bureau money income is regularly received cash

that people can spend. The NIPAs include noncash and

imputed income, such as employer-provided food and

lodging, the rental value of living in one’s own home, the

value of a free checking account, and payments for medical care. The NIPAs also include the income of fiduciaries

and some nonprofit institutions that is not collected in the

March CPS. Lump-sum (one-time) payments excluded from

the March CPS are explicitly included in the NIPA definition

of income. In some categories of income, such as workers’

compensation and private pensions, lump sum payments

are quite large.

Adjusting NIPA figures to conform to the March CPS

coverage universe and income definitions involves some

difficulties. First, the NIPAs undergo annual and comprehensive revisions. Revisions to certain income components, such as rent, can be extensive, and each revision

may require different reconciliation work. Second, the

NIPAs, as well as the Census Bureau surveys, are subject

to error. Indeed, some NIPA estimates derive in part from

household surveys, such as the March CPS. Third, some

data needed to make NIPA measures compatible with survey measures are simply not available. However, the NIPA

income definitions are consistent within each revision, the

errors in the NIPA estimates for many categories of income

are likely to be small, and most of the adjustments

required for the reconciliation are also small. Keeping the

limitations in mind and inspecting trends over a consistently adjusted series should allow reasonable judgements

about the quality of the income estimates from the March

CPS.

Table D–1 contains March CPS aggregate income estimates as a percentage of adjusted NIPA estimates for

1990 through 1996. The aggregates derive both from

income reported by respondents and income imputed by

the Census Bureau. (Imputation is a procedure that fills in

missing data resulting from respondents failing to answer

questions.) Not all the income included in the March CPS

appears in the table. Table D–1 contains only those

income types for which a NIPA-based benchmark exists.

WAGES AND SALARY

The wage and salary figures from 1994 forward exceed

the benchmark by almost 2 percent, compared with 4 percent shortfalls during 1990 to 1992. An increase in the

amount of income the questionnaire instrument allows

respondents to report causes an increase in 1993 and

1994 but explains only about 2 of the 6 percentage-point

increase relative to the benchmark. Automation of the

periodicity questions in the instrument may have lowered

the incidence of errors, such as respondents misreporting

monthly amounts as annual amounts. Analysis of March

CPS and tax return exact-match data suggests that respondents who extrapolate last year’s wages from current salary do not appear to contribute to overestimation of

wages. Rounding of income amounts seems to lower the

aggregate.

Appendix D D–1

U.S. Census Bureau
SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employment income is one of the most difficult

sources of income to measure. The BEA depends largely

on tax returns as a data source, where individuals have an

incentive to hide income to avoid taxes. The BEA estimates the amount of underreporting on tax returns and

includes this adjustment in the NIPA measure of selfemployment. The adjustment is based on a study of taxpayer compliance covering 1989 income and tabulations

of 1990 income from an exact match of the March 1991

CPS and tax returns, and it could be out of date by 1996.

For example, if reporting of self-employment income to

the IRS improved during the period, the BEA’s underreporting adjustment would be too large as a result.

PROPERTY INCOME

The NIPAs and the March CPS differ substantially in

measuring property income (interest, dividends, and rent).

In particular, the growth of mutual funds in recent years

causes greater uncertainty for developing appropriate

benchmarks because mutual funds (other than money

market mutual funds) include both interest-bearing assets,

such as bonds, and dividend-producing assets, such as

stocks. The NIPAs attempt to classify mutual fund earnings

based on the type of asset with which the payment originated. In contrast, the March CPS refers to all earnings on

mutual funds as dividends.

Moreover, the starting points for each of the interest

and dividends benchmarks, NIPA personal interest income

and NIPA personal dividend income, are residuals. These

items are each the sum of all payments minus estimates of

amounts paid to business and government. Such methodology weakens somewhat the power of the comparison

between the NIPA and Census Bureau measures despite all

efforts to reconcile them.

Tax return information might provide alternative independent estimates of interest and dividends. However, tax

returns classify money market earnings as dividends. The

March CPS combines money market earnings with interest,

disallowing a valid comparison. Moreover, tax return information is limited only to filers.

Based on the adjusted NIPA estimate, March CPS aggregate interest income is increasingly complete. It increases

from 67.1 percent in 1990 to 83.8 percent in 1996. Aggregate dividends increase relative to the NIPA-based estimate from 40.9 percent in 1990 to 59.4 percent in 1996.

If the benchmark is reliable, the improvement is not

readily explainable, although the large increases in both

interest and dividends in 1993 could be the result of the

new questionnaire design. Another possibility is that the

survey captures some portion of growing small business

corporation income in dividends. Restoring this component of NIPA dividends eliminates the increase, flattening

the ratio of the March CPS to the NIPA-based estimate to

between 30.6 percent and 35.3 percent over the period.

The estimates of rent in the NIPAs vary with the annual

and comprehensive revisions. Reconciling the estimate of

rental income from the 1992 revision produces a benchmark of $42.6 billion for 1990. Data from the 1998 revision produce a benchmark of $45.5 billion for the

same year. The March CPS aggregate varies from 58.6 to

85.0 percent of the adjusted NIPA estimate.

SOCIAL SECURITY AND RAILROAD RETIREMENT

Although some respondents may confuse Social Security with Supplemental Security Income (SSI), the March

CPS consistently performs well against the benchmark for

Social Security and Railroad Retirement, capturing around

90 percent of the independent estimate each year from

1990 to 1996. However, the ratio averages 88.4 percent

for the period 1990 through 1993, and 92.0 percent from

1994 through 1996. Including follow-up questions in the

Social Security section of the computerized instrument

may have reduced the incidence of respondents excluding

the medicare deduction or reporting monthly amounts as

annual amounts. The ratio of Supplemental Security

Income (the sum of federal and state SSI) to the benchmark remains fairly consistent, ranging from 75.5 to

84.6 percent.

PUBLIC ASSISTANCE

The ratio of March CPS family assistance to the adjusted

NIPA measure drops from 74.4 to 67.7 percent between

1990 and 1996. Although the ratio declines, the survey’s

measure of family assistance follows nearly the same pattern as administrative records, with the aggregate and

recipient count increasing until 1993 and subsequently

decreasing. The ratio of other cash welfare to benchmark

varies from 77.5 percent to 105.2 percent. The other cash

welfare aggregate is more erratic, most likely because the

estimate is based on a small number of respondents, but

it generally stays in the same range as the benchmark.

One explanation of the increasing shortfall of March

CPS family assistance relates to declining welfare caseloads, a trend that began in 1995, according to administrative records. Respondents who do not currently receive

benefits are less likely to remember having received them

during the previous year. One can infer that while caseloads decline, many former recipients fail to report benefits received in the previous year when interviewed in

March. The fact that the March CPS indicates 1994 as the

first year of a recipient decrease and that caseload data

indicate 1995, might support the hypothesis. The March

CPS-based decrease in 1994 results from data collected in

interviews that took place in 1995.

WORKERS’ COMPENSATION

The NIPAs provide estimates of workers’ compensation

benefits from private, state and local, and federal government sources, including black lung payments, excluding

D–2 Appendix D

U.S. Census Bureau
payments from disability insurance and other insurance

not tied to employment. The NIPA measure contains noncash and lump sum payments that are quite extensive,

and an accurate method of identifying the magnitude of

these payments does not exist. A crude adjustment for

them suggests a gradual decrease in the completeness of

the March CPS aggregate relative to the NIPA-based estimate, from 89.5 percent in 1990 to 62.7 percent in 1996.

VETERANS’ PAYMENTS AND MILITARY RETIREMENT

The March CPS shows an overall increase in completeness of veterans’ payments (from 73.9 percent complete

in 1990 to a high of 94.9 percent in 1995) and a steady

decrease in completeness of military retirement (from

85.6 percent in 1990 to 58.2 percent in 1996). Respondents tend to confuse the two income sources, and combining the two income types into one category shows

that the March CPS consistently captures approximately

80 percent of the combined benchmark every year from

1990 through 1995. The ratio drops to about 70 percent

in 1996; this results primarily from the large drop in military retirement from 70.6 percent of benchmark in 1995

to 58.2 percent in 1996.

PRIVATE PENSIONS

Private sector pension plans introduce some interesting

complexities to the reconciliation. Both the NIPAs and the

March CPS are designed to include income from defined

benefit (DB) plans, employees’ Keogh plans, and nonqualified employer plans. These components are more or less

compatible across measures. However, the Census Bureau

and the BEA classify defined contribution (DC) plans, business owners’ Keogh plans, Individual Retirement Accounts

(IRAs), Simplified Employee Pensions (SEPs), and individual

annuity contracts differently.

Perhaps a solution to the classification differences is to

derive a range of possible compatible values of the March

CPS aggregate. For the low estimate, eliminate all categories except those that are most assuredly within the coverage of the NIPAs, and for the high estimate, aggregate all

categories that could possibly fall within NIPA coverage.

For 1996, this strategy results in a lower bound of

$91.3 billion and a higher bound of $103.7 billion. With

the lump sum estimation method described above, these

aggregates amount to 93.1 percent and 105.7 percent of

benchmark. Table D–1 reflects the more restrictive definition.

The high level of the March CPS measure of private pensions relative to the NIPA-based estimates may seem odd

while pensions from government sources amount to only

60 percent or 80 percent of benchmarks. Several explanations are possible. First, lump sums comprise a very small

amount of payments from government pensions plans,

and only an instruction to the interviewers, not the content of the questions, disallows the large private pension

lump sums from the money income concept. Therefore, it

is reasonable to expect some reporting of private pension

lump sums despite intentions. Second, the lump sum estimation method may overstate the payments. Finally,

respondents who are uncertain of the source of retirement

income may misclassify it into private pension categories.

GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE PENSIONS

The completeness of March CPS federal employee pensions remains at approximately the same level throughout

the 1990-1996 period, around 80 percent of benchmark.

State and local employee pensions decrease gradually

from 78.7 percent of benchmark in 1990 to 57.3 percent

in 1996. One can speculate on the cause, but no compelling explanation emerges.

A more detailed analysis of this subject is available in a

working paper ‘‘Assessing the Quality of the March Current Population Survey and the Survey of Income and Program Participation Income Estimates, 1990-1996’’ on the

income page of the Census Bureau’s Web site, at

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income.html.

Appendix D D–3

U.S. Census Bureau
Table D–1. March CPS Aggregate Income Estimates as a Percent of Benchmark

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Total ....................... 89.3 89.4 88.0 91.7 92.9 92.2 92.6

Earnings ....................... 93.0 93.0 91.3 94.8 96.4 95.1 96.1

Wages and salary........................ 95.9 96.4 95.6 99.7 101.9 101.4 101.9

Self-employment. . . ...................... 68.5 65.3 58.6 58.9 54.8 48.5 52.6

Property ....................... 62.8 63.3 63.2 69.8 65.7 72.9 70.9

Interest . ............................... 67.1 68.3 67.6 79.7 72.3 83.9 83.8

Dividends .............................. 40.9 45.7 49.2 54.3 54.6 62.6 59.4

Rent and royalties ....................... 85.0 74.1 69.8 65.2 64.8 58.7 58.6

Transfers. . . .................... 87.6 86.8 83.6 85.6 89.5 89.2 88.3

Social Security and Railroad Retirement . . . . 90.6 88.6 87.1 87.8 92.3 92.0 91.7

Supplemental Security Income ............ 78.9 84.6 75.5 84.2 78.0 77.1 84.2

Family assistance........................ 74.4 74.4 72.2 76.4 73.1 70.5 67.7

Other cash welfare....................... 85.6 77.5 81.6 101.3 105.2 95.8 80.5

Unemployment compensation ............. 79.9 82.5 72.8 77.6 90.0 91.3 81.6

Workers’ compensation................... 89.5 89.1 82.5 77.0 77.7 69.3 62.7

Veterans payments ...................... 73.9 82.9 77.7 85.5 84.7 94.9 89.6

Pensions ....................... 88.9 85.5 83.1 83.6 83.1 78.2 76.6

Private pensions ......................... 98.3 96.3 96.4 98.8 102.7 93.9 93.1

Federal employee pensions ............... 82.7 82.6 84.5 82.7 80.9 77.9 80.8

Military retirement. . . ..................... 85.6 84.6 74.3 71.7 76.4 70.6 58.2

State and local employee pensions ........ 78.7 68.5 64.2 66.7 59.6 59.0 57.3

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, March 1991 through 1997

D–4 Appendix D

U.S. Census Bureau
Appendix E.

Source and Accuracy of Estimates

SOURCES OF DATA

Most estimates in this report come from data

obtained in March of years 1968 through 2000 in the

Current Population Survey (CPS). The Census Bureau

conducts the survey every month, although this report

uses only March data for its estimates. The March survey uses two sets of questions, the basic CPS and the

supplement.

The Census Bureau used data from various sources

in developing alternative measures of income and poverty for 1999. Specifically, we combined data from the

American Housing Survey (AHS), the Income Survey

Development Program (ISDP), and the Internal Revenue

Service (IRS)with CPS data to create simulations of

taxes paid, number of tax filing units, adjusted gross

income, and other tax characteristics for the March

2000 CPS.

In addition, this report uses the State Tax Handbook

from the Commerce Clearing House as an information

source for tax data. For noncash valuation estimates,

this report uses data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), and the Department of Housing and Urban

Development (HUD).

A description of the sources of data we used to

derive these estimates follows. Except for the CPS,

these descriptions are brief. See Current Population

Reports, Series P60-186RD, Measuring the Effect of Benefits and Taxes on Income and Poverty: 1992, and publications on the appropriate surveys for more details.

American Housing Survey. The Census Bureau collects housing data for the Department of Housing and

Urban Development. The population covered by the

sample for the AHS (called the Annual Housing Survey

before 1984)includes all housing units in the United

States. For a more detailed description of the sample

design, see the report Current Housing Reports, Series

H150-89, The American Housing Survey for the United

States in 1989, U.S. Department of Commerce.

The AHS is no longer conducted in even-numbered

years, so we based the property tax estimates in this

report on the 1995 AHS. Also, for the noncash estimates, we used the 1985 AHS data in a model to estimate the value of public housing. For more details on

the AHS model used to estimate public and subsidized

housing values, please see Appendix B of Current Population Reports, Series P60-186RD, Measuring the Effect

of Benefits and Taxes on Income and Poverty: 1992.

Income Survey Development Program. The ISDP

was the research and development phase for the Survey

of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). The Census

Bureau used the ISDP to examine and resolve design,

operational, and technical issues for SIPP. The household sample for the 1979 ISDP was a nationwide,

multiple-frame sample. The majority of sample households in the ISDP came from addresses contacted in the

1976 Survey of Income and Education. Statisticians

selected the remainder of sample households from a

reserve file of sample cases maintained by the Census

Bureau. For a more detailed description of this sample

design, see the report Wage and Salary Data From the

Income Survey Development Program: 1979 (Preliminary Data From Interview Period One), Current Population Reports, Special Studies, Series P-23, No. 118.

Internal Revenue Service data. Much of the IRS data

in this report come from the Statistics of Income (SOI)

series, in particular the SOI Bulletin Individual Income

Tax Returns, Preliminary Data: 1998, Spring 2000. This

report, based on a sample drawn from all tax returns

filed in 1999, presents information on taxpayers’

incomes, exemptions, deductions, credits, and taxes.

Data from other sources. The State Tax Handbook,

October 1, 1991, from the Commerce Clearing House,

includes information on state tax systems. We updated

these data to reflect changes in state income tax rates.

Much of the data on cash and noncash benefits are

from administrative records. Values of school lunches

and food stamps are from USDA unpublished data.

Medicaid and medicare data come from HCFA unpublished records. Also, USDA and HUD data are used to

compute medicaid and medicare values. For more

details, see Appendix B of Current Population Reports,

Series P60-186RD, Measuring the Effect of Benefits and

Taxes on Income and Poverty: 1992.

Basic CPS. The basic CPS collects primarily labor force

data about the civilian noninstitutional population. Field

representatives ask questions concerning labor force

participation about each member 15 years old and over

in every sample household.

Appendix E E–1

U.S. Census Bureau
The CPS sample includes coverage in all 50 states

and the District of Columbia. The Census Bureau continually updates the sample to account for new residential construction. The Census Bureau divides the United

States into 2,007 geographic areas. In most states, a

geographic area consists of a county or several contiguous counties. In some areas of New England and

Hawaii, the Census Bureau uses minor civil divisions

instead of counties. We select a total of 754 geographic

areas for sample. About 50,000 occupied households

are eligible for interview every month. Field representatives are unable to obtain interviews at about 3,200 of

these units. This occurs when the occupants are not

found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable

for some other reason.

Since the introduction of the CPS, the Census Bureau

has redesigned the CPS sample several times. These

redesigns have improved the quality and accuracy of

the data and have satisfied changing data needs. The

Census Bureau completely implemented the most

recent changes due to the 1990 census-based redesign

in July 1995.

Table E–1 summarizes changes in the CPS designs

for the years for which data appear in this report.

CPS March supplement. In addition to the basic CPS

questions, field representatives asked supplementary

questions in March about money income received the

previous calendar year.

To obtain more reliable data for the Hispanic-origin

population, the Census Bureau increased the March CPS

sample by about 2,500 eligible housing units, interviewed the previous November, that contained at least

one sample person of Hispanic origin.1 In addition, the

sample included people in the armed forces living off

post or with their families on post.

CPS estimation procedure. This survey’s estimation

procedure adjusts weighted sample results to agree

with independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population of the United States by state, age, sex,

race, and Hispanic/non-Hispanic categories.

The independent estimates are based on:

• The 1990 Decennial Census of Population and Housing.

• An adjustment for undercoverage in the 1990 census.

• Statistics on births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.

• Statistics on the size of the armed forces.

The independent population estimates used for 1994

(1993 for income estimates)and later are based on

updates to controls established by the 1990 decennial

census. Data previous to 1994 are based on independent population estimates from the latest available

decennial census data. The estimation procedure for

the March supplement included a further adjustment so

husband and wife of a household received the same

weight.

The estimates in this report for 1983 (from March

1984 CPS)and later also employ a revised survey

weighting procedure for people of Hispanic origin. In

previous years, we inflated weighted sample results to

independent estimates of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race. There was no specific control of the survey estimates for the Hispanic population.

Since then, the Census Bureau developed independent

population controls for the Hispanic population by sex

and detailed age groups. Revised weighting procedures

incorporate these new controls. The independent population estimates include some, but not all, undocumented immigrants.

ACCURACY OF ESTIMATES

Since the CPS estimates come from a sample, they

may differ from figures from a complete census using

the same questionnaires, instructions, and enumerators. A sample survey estimate has two possible types

of error: nonsampling and sampling. The accuracy of an

estimate depends on both types of error, but the full

1

Hispanics may be of any race. This report shows information on the Hispanic population collected in the 50 states and

the District of Columbia, and therefore, does not include residents of Puerto Rico.

Table E–1. Description of the March Current

Population Survey

Time period Number of

sample

areas

Housing units eligible1

Interviewed

Not

interviewed

1996 to 2000 . . . . . 754 46,800 3,200

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . 792 56,700 3,300

1990 to 1994 . . . . . 729 57,400 2,600

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . 729 53,600 2,500

1986 to 1988 . . . . . 729 57,000 2,500

1985. . ........... 2

629/729 57,000 2,500

1982 to 1984 . . . . . 629 59,000 2,500

1980 to 1981 . . . . . 629 65,500 3,000

1977 to 1979 . . . . . 614 55,000 3,000

1973 to 1976 . . . . . 461 46,500 2,500

1972. . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 45,000 2,000

1968 to 1971 . . . . . 449 48,000 2,000

1

Excludes about 2,500 Hispanic households added from the previous November sample. (See ‘‘CPS March Supplement.’’) 2

The Census Bureau redesigned the CPS following the 1980

Decennial Census of Population and Housing. During phase-in of

the new design, housing units from the new and old designs were in

the sample.

E–2 Appendix E

U.S. Census Bureau
extent of the nonsampling error is unknown. Consequently, one should be particularly careful when interpreting results based on a relatively small number of

cases or on small differences between estimates. The

standard errors for CPS estimates primarily indicate the

magnitude of sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in

responses and enumeration, but do not measure systematic biases in the data. (Bias is the average over all

possible samples of the differences between the sample

estimates and the desired value.)

Nonsampling variability. We can attribute nonsampling errors to several sources including the following:

• Inability to obtain information about all cases in the

sample.

• Definitional difficulties.

• Differences in the interpretation of questions.

• Respondents’ inability or unwillingness to provide

correct information.

• Respondents’ inability to recall information.

• Errors made in data collection, such as in recording

or coding the data.

• Errors made in processing the data.

• Errors made in estimating values for missing data.

• Failure to represent all units with the sample (undercoverage).

CPS undercoverage results from missed housing

units and missed people within sample households.

Compared with the level of the 1990 decennial census,

overall CPS undercoverage is about 8 percent. Undercoverage varies with age, sex, and race. Generally,

undercoverage is larger for males than for females and

larger for Blacks and other races combined than for

Whites. As described previously, ratio estimation to

independent age-sex-race-Hispanic population controls

partially corrects for the bias due to undercoverage.

However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent

that missed people in missed households or missed

people in interviewed households have different characteristics from those of interviewed people in the same

age-sex-race-Hispanic group.

A common measure of survey coverage is the coverage ratio, the estimated population before ratio adjustment divided by the independent population control.

Table E–2 shows CPS coverage ratios for age-sex-race

groups for a typical month. The CPS coverage ratios can

exhibit some variability from month to month, but

these are a typical set of coverage ratios.

Answers to questions about money income often

depend on the memory or knowledge of one person in

a household. Recall problems can cause underestimates

of income in survey data, because it is easy to forget

minor or irregular sources of income. Respondents may

also misunderstand what the Census Bureau considers

money income or may simply be unwilling to answer

these questions correctly because the questions are

considered too personal. See Appendix C, Current

Population Reports, Series P60-184, Money Income of

Households, Families, and Persons in the United States:

1992 for more details.

For additional information on nonsampling error

including the possible impact on CPS data when known,

refer to Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by the Current Population Survey, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and

Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1978 and

Technical Paper 40, The Current Population Survey:

Design and Methodology, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S.

Department of Commerce.

Comparability of data. Data obtained from the CPS

and other sources are not entirely comparable. This

results from differences in field representative training

Table E–2. March CPS Coverage Ratios

Age

Non-Black Black All races

Male Female Male Female Male Female Total

0 to 14 years .......................... 0.942 0.951 0.880 0.904 0.932 0.943 0.937

15 to 19 years . . ....................... 0.864 0.910 0.885 0.751 0.867 0.884 0.876

20 to 24 years . . ....................... 0.823 0.877 0.707 0.757 0.808 0.859 0.834

25 to 29 years . . ....................... 0.863 0.919 0.755 0.810 0.850 0.903 0.877

30 to 34 years . . ....................... 0.880 0.950 0.671 0.833 0.855 0.934 0.895

35 to 44 years . . ....................... 0.899 0.940 0.684 0.863 0.875 0.930 0.903

45 to 54 years . . ....................... 0.938 0.961 0.778 0.953 0.923 0.960 0.942

55 to 64 years . . ....................... 0.932 0.953 0.834 0.929 0.923 0.951 0.938

65 to 74 years . . ....................... 0.932 0.977 0.939 0.958 0.932 0.975 0.956

75 years and older ..................... 1.019 1.008 0.910 0.961 1.011 1.004 1.007

15 years and older ..................... 0.902 0.945 0.767 0.858 0.887 0.934 0.912

0 years and older ...................... 0.911 0.946 0.802 0.871 0.898 0.936 0.917

Appendix E E–3

U.S. Census Bureau
and experience and in differing survey processes. This

is an example of nonsampling variability not reflected

in the standard errors. Use caution when comparing

results from different sources.

A number of changes were made in data collection

and estimation procedures beginning with the January

1994 CPS. The major change was the use of a new

questionnaire. The Bureau of Labor Statistics redesigned the questionnaire to measure the official labor

force concepts more precisely, to expand the amount of

data available, to implement several definitional

changes, and to adapt to a computer-assisted interviewing environment. The Census Bureau modified the

March supplemental income questions for adaptation to

computer-assisted interviewing, but did not change

definitions and concepts. Because of these and other

changes, one should use caution when comparing estimates from data collected in 1994 or later years with

estimates from earlier years.

Data users should also use caution when comparing

CPS estimates in this report, which reflect 1990 censusbased population controls, with estimates for 1992

(from March 1993 CPS)and earlier years, which reflect

1980 census-based population controls. This change in

population controls had relatively little impact on summary measures, such as means, medians, and percentage distributions, but did have a significant impact on

levels. For example, 1990-based population controls

caused a 1-percent increase in the civilian noninstitutional population and in the number of families and

households. Thus, estimates of levels for data collected

in 1994 and later years will differ from those published

for earlier years by more than what could be attributed

Table E–3. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome Characteristics: 1999

Characteristics

Total or White Black Hispanic

ababa b

ALL INCOME LEVELS

People

Total ...................................... -0.000012 2,454 -0.000111 2,810 -0.000128 2,810

Male . ..................................... -0.000024 2,454 -0.000247 2,810 -0.000252 2,810

Female.................................... −0.000022 2,454 -0.000201 2,810 -0.000248 2,810

Age

15 to 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000065 2,454 -0.000494 2,810 -0.000343 2,810

25 to 44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000030 2,454 -0.000260 2,810 -0.000195 2,810

45 to 64. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000042 2,454 -0.000458 2,810 -0.000204 2,810

65 and over ............................... -0.000076 2,454 -0.001031 2,810 -0.000598 2,810

Households, Families, and Unrelated

Individuals

Total ...................................... -0.000013 2,241 -0.000117 2,447 -0.000204 2,447

Households with children under age 18 ....... -0.000013 2,241 -0.000117 2,447 -0.000204 2,447

NONINCOME CHARACTERISTICS

People

Employment status ......................... -0.000014 2,985 -0.000127 3,139 -0.000147 3,139

Educational attainment...................... -0.000011 2,369 -0.000106 2,680 -0.000082 1,811

Marital Status, Household and Family

Characteristics

Some household members . . ................ -0.000019 5,211 -0.000213 7,486 -0.000238 7,486

All household members ..................... -0.000024 6,332 -0.000314 11,039 -0.000350 11,039

Households, Families, and Unrelated

Individuals

Total ...................................... -0.000012 2,068 -0.000076 1,871 -0.000151 1,871

Notes: To obtain parameters prior to 1999, multiply by the appropriate factor in Table E–4.

For nonmetropolitan residence categories multiply the a and b parameters by 1.5.

For foreign-born and noncitizen characteristics for Total and White, multiply the a and b parameters by 1.3. No adjustment is necessary for foreign-born and noncitizen characteristics for Blacks and Hispanics.

For regional estimates, multiply the a and b parameters by 0.85, 1.03, 1.08, and 1.09 for Northeast, Midwest, South, and West,

respectively.

E–4 Appendix E

U.S. Census Bureau
to actual changes in the population. These differences

could be disproportionately greater for certain subpopulation groups than for the total population.

Since the Census Bureau did not use independent

population control totals for people of Hispanic origin

before 1983, compare Hispanic estimates over time

cautiously.

Based on the results of each decennial census, the

Census Bureau gradually introduces a new sample

design for the CPS. During this phase-in period, the

Census Bureau collects CPS data from sample designs

based on different censuses. While most CPS estimates

have been unaffected by this mixed sample, geographic

estimates are subject to greater error and variability.

Users should exercise caution when comparing estimates across years for metropolitan/nonmetropolitan

categories. For more information, see Appendix C, Current Population Reports, Series P60-193, Money Income

in the United States: 1995 (With Separate Data on Valuation of Noncash Benefits).

Note when using small estimates. The Census

Bureau shows summary measures (such as medians,

means, and percentage distributions)only when the

base is 75,000 or greater. Because of the large standard

errors involved, summary measures would probably not

reveal useful information when computed on a smaller

base. However, we display estimated numbers even

though the relative standard errors of these numbers

are larger than those for corresponding percentages.

These smaller estimates permit combinations of the

categories to suit data users’ needs. Take care in the

interpretation of small differences. For instance, even a

small amount of nonsampling error can cause a borderline difference to appear significant or not, thus distorting a seemingly valid hypothesis test.

Estimation of median incomes. The Census Bureau

has changed the methodology for computing median

income over the past few years. The Census Bureau has

computed medians using either Pareto interpolation or

linear interpolation. Currently, we are using linear interpolation to estimate all medians. Pareto interpolation

assumes a decreasing density of population within an

income interval; whereas, linear interpolation assumes

a constant density of population within an income interval. The Census Bureau calculates estimates of median

income for 1979 through 1987 and associated standard

errors using Pareto interpolation if the estimate is larger

than $20,000 for people or $40,000 for families and

households. This is because the width of the income

interval containing the estimate is greater than $2,500.

We calculated estimates of median income for 1976,

1977, and 1978 and associated standard errors using

Pareto interpolation if the estimate was larger than

$12,000 for people or $18,000 for families and households. This is because the width of the income interval

containing the estimate is greater than $1,000. We calculated all other estimates of median income and associated standard errors for 1976 through 1999 and

almost all of the estimates of median income and associated standard errors for 1975 and earlier using linear

interpolation.

Thus, use caution when comparing median incomes

above $12,000 for people or $18,000 for families and

households for different years. Median incomes below

those levels are more comparable from year to year

since they have always been calculated using linear

interpolation. For an indication of the comparability of

medians calculated using Pareto interpolation with

medians calculated using linear interpolation, see Series

P-60, No. 114, Money Income in 1976 of Families and

Persons in the United States.

Sampling variability. Sampling variability is variation

that occurred by chance because a sample was surveyed rather than the entire population. Standard

errors, as calculated by methods described in ‘‘Standard

errors and their use,’’ are primarily measures of sampling variability, but they may include some nonsampling error.

Standard errors and their use. Data users must use

a number of approximations to derive, at a moderate

cost, standard errors applicable to all the estimates in

this report. Instead of providing an individual standard

error for each estimate, we have provided two parameters, a and b, to calculate standard errors for each

type of characteristic.

Table E–3 has CPS standard error parameters for various types of characteristics. Table E–4 provides factors

to approximate CPS standard error parameters for estimates before 1999. Table E–5 provides CPS Hispanic

parameters for estimates before 1984. Table E–6 provides CPS Asian and Pacific Islander parameters for

Table E–4. CPS Factors to Apply to a and b

Parameters for Estimates Prior to

1999

Characteristic Factor

NON-HISPANIC

1995 to 1998 . . . .............................. 1.00

1989 to 1994 . . . .............................. 0.92

1988 ......................................... 1.02

1981 to 1987 . . . .............................. 0.86

1967 to 1980 . . . .............................. 0.75

HISPANIC

1995 to 1998 . . . .............................. 1.00

1989 to 1994 . . . .............................. 0.92

1988 ......................................... 1.19

1984 to 1987 . . . .............................. 0.86

Appendix E E–5

U.S. Census Bureau
income and nonincome characteristics. Table E–7 has

the year-to-year CPS correlation coefficients for income

characteristics.

The sample estimate and its standard error enable

one to construct a confidence interval, a range that

would include the average result of all possible samples

with a known probability. For example, if all possible

samples were surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and

if an estimate and its standard error were calculated

from each sample, then approximately 90 percent of

the intervals from 1.645 standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate

would include the average result of all possible

samples.

A particular confidence interval may or may not contain the average estimate derived from all possible

samples. However, one can say with specified confidence that the interval includes the average estimate

calculated from all possible samples.

Data users may also use standard errors to perform

hypothesis testing; this is a procedure for distinguishing between population parameters using sample estimates. One common type of hypothesis appearing in

this report is that two population parameters are different. An example of this would be comparing the

median annual income of Black families with the

median annual income of non-Hispanic White families.

One can perform tests at various levels of significance. The significance level of a test is the probability

of concluding that the characteristics are different

when, in fact, they are the same. All statements of comparison in the text were tested at the 0.10 level of significance or better. This means that the absolute value

Table E–5. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome Characteristics of

Hispanics: 1972 to 1983

Characteristics

1972 - 1980 1981 - 1983

aba b

ALL INCOME LEVELS

People

Total .................................................. -0.000020 3,000 -0.000301 3,357

Male .................................................. -0.000043 3,000 -0.000615 3,357

Female ................................................ -0.000038 3,000 -0.000591 3,357

Age

15 to 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000080 3,000 -0.000961 3,357

25 to 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000065 3,000 -0.000668 3,357

45 to 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.000077 3,000 -0.001459 3,357

65 and over. . .......................................... -0.000147 3,000 -0.004124 3,357

Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X)

Households, Families, and Unrelated Individuals

Total .................................................. -0.000014 2,420 -0.000237 2,708

Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X)

Households with children under age 18 ................... -0.000014 2,420 -0.000237 2,708

NONINCOME CHARACTERISTICS

People

Employment status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X)

Educational attainment .................................. -0.000015 2,344 -0.000152 2,623

Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X)

Total, Marital Status, Other

Some household members .............................. -0.000026 5,069 -0.000294 5,673

All household members ................................. -0.000044 10,199 -0.000592 11,414

Households, Families, and Unrelated Individuals

Total .................................................. -0.000020 1,626 -0.000022 1,820

Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X)

X Not applicable.

Note: Data users should multiply the a and b parameters by 1.5 for nonmetropolitan residence categories. The Census Bureau did not publish income data for Hispanics before 1972.

E–6 Appendix E

U.S. Census Bureau
of the estimated difference between characteristics is

greater than or equal to 1.645 times the standard error

of the difference.

Standard errors of estimated numbers. The

approximate standard error, sx, of an estimated number

shown in this report can be obtained using the formula

sx  ax2  bx (1)

Here x is the size of the estimate and a and b are the

parameters in Table E–3 or E–6 associated with the particular type of characteristic. When calculating standard

errors for numbers from cross-tabulations involving different characteristics, use the set of parameters for the

characteristic which will give the largest standard error.

Illustration. There were 72,025,000 family households

in 2000. Use the appropriate parameters from Table E–3

and formula (1)to get

Estimate, x 72,025,000

a parameter -0.000012

b parameter 2,068

Standard error 294,000

90% confidence interval 71,541,000 to 72,509,000

The standard error is calculated as

sx  0.000012 72,025,000

2  2,068 72,025,000  294,000

The 90-percent confidence interval for the estimated

number of family households in 2000 is calculated as

72,025,000 ± 1.645 x 294,000.

A conclusion that the average estimate derived from

all possible samples lies within a range computed in

this way would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all

possible samples.

Standard errors of estimated percentages. The

reliability of an estimated percentage, computed using

sample data from both numerator and denominator,

depends on the size of the percentage and its base.

Estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than

the corresponding estimates of the numerators of the

percentages, particularly if the percentages are 50 percent or more. When the numerator and denominator of

the percentage are in different categories, use the

parameter from Table E–3 or E–6 indicated by the

numerator.

The approximate standard error, sx,p, of an estimated

percentage is approximately equal to

sx,p   b

x p100  p (2)

Here x is the total number of people, families, households, or unrelated individuals in the base of the percentage, p is the percentage (0 ≤ p ≤ 100), and b is the

Table E–6. CPS Standard Error Parameters for Income and Nonincome Characteristics of Asians

and Pacific Islanders: 1999

Characteristics a b

ALL INCOME LEVELS

People ...................................................................... -0.000303 2,810

Households, families, and unrelated individuals .................................. -0.000352 2,447

NONINCOME CHARACTERISTICS

People

Total, marital status, other

Some household members .................................................... -0.000587 7,486

All household members ....................................................... -0.000866 11,039

Households, families, and unrelated individuals .............................. -0.000197 1,871

Note: To obtain parameters prior to 1999, multiply by the appropriate factor in Table E–4. Income data for Asians and Pacific Islanders were

not collected prior to 1988.

Table E–7. CPS Year-to-Year Correlation

Coefficients for Income Estimates:

1960 to 1999

Characteristics

People

Families,

households,

and

unrelated

individuals

Total . . ........................... 0.30 0.35

White ............................... 0.30 0.35

Black . .............................. 0.30 0.35

Other races. ......................... 0.30 0.35

Hispanic1 ........................... 0.45 0.55

1

Hispanics may be of any race.

Note: These correlations are for comparisons of consecutive

years. For comparisons of nonconsecutive years, assume the correlations are zero. For Asians and Pacific Islanders, use the correlation coefficient for total.

Appendix E E–7

U.S. Census Bureau
parameter in Table E–3 or E–6 associated with the characteristic in the numerator of the percentage.

Illustration. There were 12,687,000 or 17.6 percent of

the 72,025,000 family households maintained by

female householders with no husband present. Use the

appropriate parameter from Table E–3 and formula (2)

to get

Estimate, p 17.6

Base, x 72,025,000

b parameter 2,068

Standard error 0.2

90% confidence interval 17.3 to 17.9

The standard error is calculated as

sx,p   2,068

72,025,000 17.6 100.0  17.6  0.2

The 90-percent confidence interval for the estimated

percentage of family households that were maintained

by female householders with no husband present is calculated as 17.6 ± 1.645 x 0.2.

Standard error of a difference. The standard error

of the difference between two sample estimates is

approximately equal to

sxy  sx

2  sy2  2rsxsy (3)

where sx and sy are the standard errors of the estimates, x and y. The estimates can be numbers, percentages, ratios, etc. Table E–7 contains the correlation

coefficient, r, for year-to-year comparisons for CPS

income estimates of numbers and proportions. This will

represent the actual standard error quite accurately for

the difference between estimates of the same characteristic in two different areas, or for the difference

between separate and uncorrelated characteristics in

the same area. However, if there is a high positive

(negative)correlation between the two characteristics,

the formula will overestimate (underestimate)the true

standard error.

Illustration. The median income of all male full-time,

year-round workers in 1999, x, was $37,574 and the

median income of all female full-time, year-round workers in 1999, y, was $27,370. The apparent difference

between the median income of males and females in

1999 was $10,204. The approximate standard errors,

sx and sy, are $247 and $121, respectively. Use formula

(3) with r = 0 to get

x y difference

Estimate $37,574 $27,370 $10,204

Standard error $247 $121 $275

x y difference

90% confidence

interval

$37,168 to

$37,980

$27,171 to

$27,569

$9,752 to

$10,656

The standard error of the difference is calculated as

sxy  247

2  1212  275

The 90-percent confidence interval for the estimated

difference between the median income of male and

female full-time, year-round workers in 1999 is calculated as $10,204 ± 1.645 x $275. Because this interval

does not contain zero, we can conclude with 90-percent

confidence that the median income of male full-time,

year-round workers in 1999 was larger than the median

income of female full-time, year-round workers in

1999.

Standard error of a ratio. Certain estimates may be

calculated as the ratio of two numbers. Compute the

standard error of a ratio, x/y, using

sxy  x

y [

sx

x ]

2

[

sy

y ]

2

– 2r

sxsy

xy (4)

Calculate the standard error of the numerator, sx, and

that of the denominator, sy, using formulas described

earlier.

In formula (4), r represents the correlation between

the numerator and the denominator of the estimate.

For one type of ratio, the denominator is a count of

families or households and the numerator is a count of

people in those families or households with a certain

characteristic. If there is at least one person with the

characteristic in every family or household, use 0.7 as

an estimate of r. An example of this type is the mean

number of children per family with children.

For all other types of ratios, r is assumed to be zero.

If r is actually positive (negative), then this procedure

will provide an overestimate (underestimate)of the

standard error of the ratio. Examples of this type are

the mean number of children per family and the family

poverty rate.

NOTE: For estimates expressed as the ratio of x per

100 y or x per 1,000 y, multiply formula (4)by 100 or

1,000, respectively, to obtain the standard error.

Illustration. The median earnings for full-time, yearround female workers in 1999, x, was $26,324 and the

median earnings for full-time, year-round male workers

in 1999, y, was $36,476. The ratio of the median earnings is 0.72. The approximate standard errors, sx and

sy, are $113 and $136, respectively. Using formula (4)

with r = 0 to get

E–8 Appendix E

U.S. Census Bureau
x y ratio

Estimate $26,324 $36,476 .72

Standard error $113 $136 .0041

90% confidence

interval

$26,138 to

$26,510

$36,252 to

$36,700

0.71 to

0.73

The standard error is calculated as

sxy  26,324

36,476 [ 11326,324]

2

 [ 136

36,476]

2

 .0041

The 90-percent confidence interval for the ratio of the

median earnings for full-time, year-round female workers to the median earnings for full-time, year-round

male workers is calculated as .72 ± 1.645 x 0.0041.

Standard errors of other estimates. This report

provides standard errors for most estimates in the

respective tables, or includes a formula showing how to

calculate them. For information on calculating other

standard errors, contact Aneesah Stephenson at e-mail

address: dsmd_s&a@ccmail.census.gov.

Appendix E E–9

U.S. Census Bureau
Report Title

Money Income in the United States Consumer Income Current Population Reports 1999 P60-209