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Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

Winter2

ON THE COVER

We examine watchstanders on the Bridge (LTJG Karen Sankes), Combat Information Center (OSSN Jeremy Brooks) and

Engineering (MM((SW) 01a Lassley) as the primary watchstations underway (USN)

4L

DALTON

PEN

Award

Winner

6. Now set the watch! Bridge

Certain ships have unique watches, but all

ships require a bridge watch team led by the

Officer of the Deck (OOD) . The COD represents the Commanding Officer, ensures all

evolutions aboard or involving the ship are

executed safely

8. Now set the watch! Combat

If the bridge is the brain of a ship, then the Combat

Information Center (CIC), or "Combat" is certainly the central nervous system . Combat is where weapons are fired,

radar data is processed, and shipboard communication

is concentrated

20. What underway watch or watch rotation works best for you and why?

22. Surface Action Drug Busts, Rescues

Eastern Pacific and North Arabian Gulf highlights

24. ATF West, LF West in Operation

Iraqi Freedom

Seven U .S . Navy ships loaded with U .S . Marine Corps personnel and equipment departed on a journey with no scheduled

end date

27 . Fleet Battle Experiment

DD(X) participates in warfighting experiment in a

virtual way

_ ---S 3 5&

_i' LSS

5 = -

10. Now set the watch! Engineering

Engineering is the heart of a ship . The gas turbines, diesel

engines, boilers, electrical plant, fuel oil, potable water, and

other auxiliary systems provide life to the ship so we may do

our jobs

12. 25th Anniversary of Quick Math

for OOD's

Originally appearing in the March 1979 edition of Surface

Warfare, these mathematical rules of thumb still apply today

Professional shipdrivers balance "seaman's eye" with science to

smartly navigate in open ocean or close quarters situations

28 Smart Search 2003 Hunt or be hunted!

One of the greatest threats to a modern navy can be one of

the hardest to detect

29. LCUs: workhorse of the amphibious fleet

Backs laden with heavy loads, trudging over coastal waters

LCUs live for this very mission

silver inkwell

award winner

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
30. Artifact found in forward ballast tank

of Hunley

Even after 140 years, CSS H.L . Hunley still exceeds expectations

31 . Coalition nabs four suspected Gulf bandits

Maritime interception forces use teamwork in the North Arabian

Gulf to apprehend four suspected bandits

32. SHIPMAIN initiative, maintenance teams

improving ship readiness

New waterfront maintenance practices give Sailors more say in

what and when things get fixed

33. Surface forces revise damage

control doctrine

A new approach to shipboard firefighting recognizes that not

every fire requires all hands to fight it

34. Destroyermen's Memorial Rock rededicated

"The importance of the Destroyermen's Rock lies not in what it is,

but rather in what it means," said RADM Terrance Etnyre

MIM

36. 20 years of Aegis cruisers

a

RADM Mark Edwards, USN

Director, Surface Warfare Division

Military Editor

LT Duane Neal, USN

Managing Editor

J01 Andrew Karalis, USN

Photo Editor

J03 James like, USN

Administration and Distribution

YN I (AW) Mark Krizovski, USN

Z a as

a a

Editorial :

Address editorial inquiries to

Surface Warfare Magazine

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Vol. 29, No . I

ON THE

BACK`

FC3 Patrick Iliff stands watch on the

forecastle of USS Vincennes ((G 49)

during a sea and anchor detail as the

guided-missile cruiser departs

Yokosuka Naval Base, Japan . (PH2

Brandon Teeples/USN)

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Surface Warfare

(LISPS 104-170)(ISSN 0145-1073) is published quarterly by the Department of the Navy, Director, Surface Warfare (OPNAV N761 M), 2511 Jefferson Davis HWY, Suite 4300, 4th Floor, Arlington VA 22202

Periodicals postage paid at Arlington, VA, and of additional mailing offices

. The Secretary of the Navy has determined this publication is necessary in the transaction of business required by law or the Department of the Navy

Funds for printing this publication have been approved by the Navy Publications and Printing Committee,

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
Aft

Since the

theme of this

mon this issue

of Surface

Warfare is watch

standing, I

thought it would be

appropriate to discuss

Souse of the changes coIllins; to the fleet that will

impact the way you trails for and

stand watch. We are challenging many

conventions in manning our current ships,

training our personnel, and designing our

future ships

One of the most noticeable changes will be the

number of watchstanders required while underway. USS Milius (DDG 69), USS Boxer (L .1-11.) 4),

and USS Mobile Bay (CC 53) used existing technology to ease manpower requirements significantly as part of the Optimal Manning

Experiment, and that process should expand as

we incorporate lessons learned . Electronic navigation systems, improved automation and

remote monitoring, and better damage control

systems all enable us to look at innovative ways

to change the way we do business . This effort

will enable our Navy to improve combat readiness and quality of service while reducing costs

In addition to manning our watches differently, the surface Navy is improving training by

making greater use of computer-based training

techniques and fully interactive simulators . For

example, Battle Force Tactical Trainer (BF 'IT) has

glade substantial contributions to fleet readiness,

enabling entire strike groups to train together in

a multimission combat scenario without ever

leaving the pier. SWOS has incorporated bridge

and virtual reality simulators in. their curricula

so Surface Warfare Officers at all levels are better

prepared as tacticians and shiphandlers . Even

with all this high-tech training, however, our

Sailors must still make good. decisions . This edition of Sirrfao' Warfare reprints an arth le, "QuickMath for thky ( )()I ), " that contains pointers to

help all Sailors make correct decisions by understanding the mathelllatical aspects of shiphandling. I have repeatedly referred to many of the

principles in this article during my career

Perhaps the biggest change of all is the development of our future ships . You read about one

of our newest ships, I .PD 17, in the last issue

You will soon hear more about I ittoral Combat

Ship (I, CS) as we decide on sale or two designs

on which to begin construction iii FY05 . The use

of mission inirdliles in LCS will give us a level of

flexibility unnlatched by any warship in history

In addition, our future ship systems will rely

heavily on htm an systems integration to ensure

the interface between. our equipment and our

Sailors is more cttective and ellicient than

ever before

Despite all these changes, however, the Navy

will always depend on the skill and good judgmellt of its Sailor, slariding the watch on the

pointy edge of the spear. h.einarn vigilant atld

be ready!

RAI.)M Mark Edwards

Director, Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
Always on I uty

"The Watch" is a poem traditionally read at many chief petty officers'

retirement ceremonies . One verse in

particular stands out, as it is applicable not only to the honorable fraternity of chiefs, but is superbly

appropriate for the men and women

serving in our community:

He stood the watch so that we, our

families, and

Our fellow countrymen could sleep

soundly in safety,

Each and every night,

Knowing that a Sailor stood

the watch

Watch is the warfighter's profession although we routinely keep our

tools sharpened through maintenance,

Winter 2004

training, and experience, it is up to the

watchstander to act . He or she must

employ all they have learned to fight

the ship effectively through any anticipated or unforeseen challenge . Thus,

this issue of Surface Warfare is dedicated to you, those that stand

the watch

Throughout our nation's history

and in all of our country's conflicts,

Sailors who knew their job well have

performed extraordinary acts of duty

and heroism . In this issue, we highlight a few key watch positions to

help our understanding of each

other's jobs . Understanding and

respect for what our shipmates do,

even on different ship classes, is crucial to function well as a team

This issue also marks the 25th

anniversary of one of our most

requested articles, "Quick Math for the

OOD." In our commitment to give our

readers what they want, we have

reprinted this article with some additional information provided by Marine

Safety International, who supplies

training aids for surface warriors using

cutting edge simulator technology

(See Sailing the Simulated Seas, Page

7, Spring 2003). The test that appeared

in the original article is available on

our website, along with more than 50

variations you can download to help

sharpen the skills of aspiring Officers

of the Deck, Junior Officers of the

Deck, and Junior Officers of the Watch

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

By LT Duane Neal

Military Editor

Our next issue will focus on where

we test our merit as watchstanders -

deployments! USS Boxer (LHD 4)

deployed Jan. 12, becoming the first

ship to deploy under the new Fleet

Response Plan (FRP) . The FRP is

designed to keep our fleet readiness

constant, enabling the surface fleet to

readily deploy in large numbers during times of crisis, or other required

surge in presence. I invite all of our

readers - whether currently on active

duty or not, to share your experiences with us . Submit sea stories, lessons learned, opinions, how you

prepared for deployment, or other

useful information to our staff for

possible publishing in our next or

future issues

The last issue on LPD 17 was

quite popular we received

requests for approximately 1,000

more copies from various commands, schools, and individuals

Our website's audio/video gallery

allows you to take a virtual tour of

numerous portions of LPD 17 using

video files courtesy of NAVSFA

Our success is a testament to your

participation. Thank you again for

your submissions, emails and

phone calls. Your active role in the

publishing of our magazine helps

ensure it is written by the surface

Sailor for the surface Sailor

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
MK 45 Mod-2 five-inch/

54-caliber vs

EX 45 Mod-4 five-inch/

62-caliber

his the Leading Petty Officer of the Ordnance

Division in USS Shoup (DDG 86), I was elected

spokesperson for my plankowners in regards to the

Summer 2003 issue Vol . 28, No . 4

Pages 24, 25, and 29 all show pictures of MK 45 fiveinch gun mounts . They are obviously (DDG 51)-class

ships, but the captions all refer to the 62-caliber Mod-4

The fact is, the 62-caliber mounts are EX 45 Mod-4 fiveinch/62-caliber LWG, since they are still in the experimental phase

USS Fitzgerald (DDG 62) and USS Donald Cook

(DDG 75) sport the MK 45 Mod-2, five-inch/54-caliber

LWG. There are approximately nine commissioned

DDGs with the Mod-4 configuration and others in

pre-commissioning status

Normally, my team would brush off this bad info, but

being plankowners with a level of pride to rival any others we felt the obligation to our shipmates to correct

the error

-GM1(SW) Timothy S . Watts

-GM1(SW) Teresa Frigon

-GM2(SW) Eric Thompson

-GM2(SW) Werner Mammen

-GM2(SW) Terrence Wright

-GM3 Kevin Howe

"Plankowners of USS Shoup (DDG 86)"

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

You are absolutely correct! The captions mislabeling the cornmonly known MK 45 Mod-2 five-inch/54-caliber gun were

oversights on our part, and we greatly appreciate the additional

information you have provided . Please do not brush off any mistakes - we have the same level o f pride in our magazine as you

do in your ships . -Ed

A MK 45 Mod-2 five-inch/54-caliber gun . (File Photo)

A EX 45 Mod-4 five-inch/62-caliber gun . (File Photo)

i

Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No . 1
Was Maury a traitor?

I recently read the Fall 2003 issue of Surface

Warfare and would like to address a comment made by Mr. Bob Freeman in his article

about LT Matthew Fontaine Maury

In the first paragraph, he states that

.Maury was a Sailor, a scientist, an administrator, and ultimately, a traitor!" His later

statement that he was "branded as a traitor

in the North" is completely different from the

author's judgment of LT Maury as a traitor

The Navy has named many ships after

Confederate soldiers and Sailors because

they were, first and foremost, Americans

One only has to look at the current and former Naval Vessel Register to see USS Robert

E. Lee, USS Stonewall Jackson, and even USS

Maury! Let's not count out such Army forts

like AP Hill, Bragg, and Pickett

Clearly, he WAS NOT a traitor as I don't

think the Army and Navy would name ships

and installations after such people (I don't

think there is a Fort or USS Benedict Arnold)

LT Maury was a true American and

brought credit to our country, while bearing

both Blue and Gray. I think Mr. Freeman's

label is unjust to LT Maury and contradictory

to his achievements for the Navy, the United

States, and history

-LTJG Marcus A. Devine

Systems Test Officer

USS The Sullivans (DDG 68)

I want to thank you for reading the article

with such keen scrutiny! Mr. Freeman didn't add

this initially I added the statement to entice

readers to read the entire article, and to show the article is not

just a laundry list of Maury's contributions . Part of what

makes this particular article interesting, aside from the myriad

of accomplishments by Maury, is a little-known fact included

near the end that the recognized federal government at the

tune, "the North," labeled Maury a traitor and he remained in

that status from 1865 to 1868 . He returned to the fold of "good

citizens" after President Andrew Johnson expanded amnesty of

Confederate soldiers to include all those who had resigned their

commissions in the U .S . military to join the Confederacy

t

Winter 2004 www.nivy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

A "Father of Naval Oceanography" LT Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806 -1873)

I would never take away from Maury's substantial contributions to the surface Navy . On the contrary, we ran the article to

acknowledge those things. I would he remiss in my duties as

editor if I did not try to foster as much interest as possible in

each article, especially if there is a detail that is unusual or

makes the subject multidimensional . --Ed

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
F CUE

Editor's Note : We could fill several

issues discussirrcr watch teams aboard

Various strips, Nit our nitention is to yizc'

broad coverage to lie/p our readers (particularly those stud Yin, for

S WC)/ES WS) understand sortie of the

prunaril watch Stations on various ships

T

he bridge is the control center

of the entire ship, and the

Officer of the Deck (OOD)

leads the bridge team . No major

evolution may take place without

notifying the bridge

I

w∎∎∎ w .I ILw ∎∎∎ .L . LI

nun yet tHe WIIIGH!DElUge

A On the bridge of USS Bunker Hill ((G 52), ENS Kenneth Helman scans the horizon in performance of

his duties as Junior Officer of the Deck (JOOD) . The JOOD assists the Officer of the Deck in keeping a constant watch forward of the ship (PH2 Richard Moore/USN)

Some watches are unique to certain ships, but all ships require an

OOD. The OOD represents the comimmatmding officer, ensures all evolutions on board or involving the ship

executes safely, and takes immediate

action if time does not permit to consult the Captain . The most important

duty, however, is to ensure the safe

navigation of the ship

Whether a ship has ti.fty people or

a thousand, their lives depend on the

OOD being vigilant and prudent . The

001) must have "the bubble"

www.navv.nmil/navpalih/coo/n76

∎ n∎.∎ a .∎

By LT Duane Neal

Military Editor

always aware of the ship's overall situation to make decisions concerning

its operation . In so doing, the OOD

must consider all possible factors

such as weather, mission tasking,

shipping traffic, navigation hazards,

as well as ongoing and upcoming

evolutions . No matter how many

evolutions are taking place, the OOD

must be clear in thought and able to

explain their rationale to anyone,

particularly, the Captain!

With so many things to consider,

the OOD depends heavily on the

bridge watch team, the Combat

Information Center (CIC), and engineering to provide information to

make an intelligent decision . To

become an OOD, at a minimum, one

must qualify as Combat Information

Center Watch Officer (CICWO), boat

officer, and decoy launch system

operator, and acquaint himself with

the ship's engineering plant. After

standing several supervised

watches, the OOD under instruction

(U/I) must pass an oral board

chaired by the Captain and other

qualified OODs

i .TJG Andrea Hosp, who stands

OOD aboard USS Klakring (FFG 42),

offers this advice, "Let your U/l

assume the watch under your supervision, ensure they review message

traffic and events of the day beforehand, and review pubs and instructions regularly. Training makes a

slow watch go by quicker."

CT)G Kevin Lantz, also an OOD

aboard Klakring, added,

"Conversation is the most rewarding

part of watch - I let my U /I stand his

or her watch for the first five watches

Sill face Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
OkK

r

A ENS Kristin Brick, left, confers with QM3(SW) Brian Scurr, on the bridge of USS Carney (DDG 64) The Quartermaster of the Watch is the OOD's primary assistant to ensure the ship is navigating safely and on schedule (JOC(SS) John Williams/USN)

and then spend every possible

moment asking them questions ."

The ,Junior Officer of the Deck

(JOOD) and Junior Officer of the

Watch (JOOW) are usually prospective OODs. They are junior officers or

enlisted Sailors and assist the OOD in

the execution of his or her duties

Sometimes, they act as a liaison

between the OOD and other watch

team members or evolution supervisors . They may also help with radio

communications, navigation, and

supervision of the bridge watch

team. The largest benefit of being a

JOOD or JOOW is functioning as the

conning officer to become acquainted

with shiphandling

The Boatswain's Mate of the

Watch (BMOW) is responsible for

supervision and training of the

enlisted members of the bridge watch

team. The BMOW is the OOD's first

line of defense against disorder

Often, it seems as though a hundred

things are taking place at once, but

the BMOW focuses the watch team

so the OOD, JOOD, and _100W can

receive crucial information from

Writer 2004

bridge radar operators, lookouts, signalman, helmsman, lee helmsman

and messenger in an orderly fashion

The BMOW will consolidate routine

reports so the OOD can quickly

digest the information and avoid distraction . Whether it is a quiet watch

or when helicopter operations, connected and vertical replenishment

take place with deteriorating weather

conditions, the BMOW is responsible

to the OOD for maintaining order on

the bridge of the most professional

Navy in the world

A BMOW must at least qualify as

a helmsman, lee helmsman, after

steering helmsman, decoy launch

system operator, and lookout

I lowever, with so many evolutions

involving deck division/department,

it is extremely helpful to have a

BMOW qualified in a number of deck

operations to boost the overall situational awareness of the watch team

The Quartermaster of the Watch

(QMOW) is the Navigator's representative on the bridge . The (MOW is

responsible to the OOD for tracking

the ship's position, making sure the

www.niivy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

ship is proceeding smartly on its plan

of intended movement, supervising

the helmsman and lee helmsman

(when senior to the BMOW), and

maintaining the ship's deck log, the

official legal record of the shipboard

events and movements

The QMOW should be a qualified

helmsman, navigation sensor system

interface operator (only on ships so

equipped), decoy launch system

operator, and anchor watch. With the

abolishment of the signalman rating,

the QMOW must also know the job

of signalman of the watch, who is

the bridge watch team's master of

visual communications in such areas

as semaphore, flashing light and

signal flags

The bridge is where the ship and

its evolutions are driven . However,

as our senses provide feedback to our

brains, the bridge watch team

depends on Cl(', engineering, and all

shipboard personnel to provide as

much information possible to make

sound decisions
J

f the bridge is the brain of a ship, I

then the Combat Information

Center (( .'IC), or "Combat" is certainly the rest of the central nervous

system . Combat is where weapons

are fired, radar data is processed, and

internal and external comllnulications

are monitored and operated . The

Captain and Tactical Action Officer

(TAO) fight the ship from combat

where every element of the ship's

environment can he completely interpreted by electronics

The TAO is the Commanding

Officer's representative for the sale

and effective operation of the ship as a

combat system, and has full authority

to act defensively. The pressures of this

watch have grown substantially over

the past decade with post-Co .ld War

political instability and the spread of

supersonic sea-skimming cruise missiles difficult to detect by radar. A' LAO

can easily encounter an air contact

approaching the ship from unfriendly

airspace, unresponsive to conlnlunicaLions, several times in one watch . In a

matter of seconds, the TAO has to

evaluate the aircraft's flight profile and

consider items such is rules of engagement, intelligence reports, capabilities

and limitations, and make a decision

as to whether or not it is a threat to the

ship or strike group

Normally, a TAO is a Department

Head who has attended the TAO

course at Surface Warfare Officer

School in Newport, RI, and must

have qualified as a C1CW(,) or

Combat Direction Center watch ofticer, and as a ship's weapons coordinator or Weapons Control Officer, A

prospective TAO must stand nunlerous supervised watches and pass a

8

l

nuru but [lie Wd[Gll ! - bUHIUIII

grueling oral board chaired by the

Captain and other qualified TA(.)s

Fortunately, the TAO has a substantial watch team supporting him, providing immediate feedback on radar

contacts and system status . Cruisers

and guided-missile destroyers have

the most advanced CICC clue to the

sophisticated Ac is combat system

and its wide assortment of sensors,

Y FENS Nicole Antoun stands watch in USS Benfold (OOG 65) as Combat Information Center Watch Officer

(CICWO) . The CICWO helps (IC watchstanders maintain situational awareness and keep abreast of new operational guidance from the strike group commander (PH2 Michael Kennedy)

www.navy.nlil/n,ivpalib/cno/n76

By LT Duane Neal

Military Editor

computers and weapons capabilities

Given the sometimes overwhelming

amount of information processed by

the'lAO, /Ae, ,is TAOs have four warfare coordinators who can engage a

contact, but the TAO can override

their engagement and is the only C.ICC

watchstander who can arm missiles

The Air Warfare Coordinator

(AW('), Surface Warfare Coordinator

Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
(SUWC) and Anti-Submarine Warfare

Coordinator (ASWC) are responsible

for evaluating and carrying out

engagements ordered by the TAO in

their respective warfare areas . The

Combat Systems Coordinator (CSC)

is responsible for maximizing combat

system performance and must be

thoroughly aware of each system's

status, capabilities, and limitations

CSC is typically a senior enlisted

technician who manages the combat

system. CSC coordinates with the

Combat Systems Officer of the Watch

(CSOOW) to investigate system

faults and effect repair

Each coordinator has enlisted

watchstanders assisting them with

their warfare area . The Air Control

Supervisor (ACS) helps the AWC

focus on the overall air picture by

managing the Air Intercept

Controllers (AICs) . AICs communicate with aircraft, help identify air

contacts, and vector aircraft under

the ship's control . The only aircraft

AICs do not control is the ship's antisubmarine warfare asset, the SH-60B

Seahawk, better known as the Light

Airborne Multipurpose System

(LAMPS) Mk Ill helicopter which is

controlled by the Anti-Submarine

Tactical Air Controller (ASTAC)

Surface and Anti-Submarine Warfare

Supervisors (SWS and ASWS) perform a similar function for their

respective coordinators, assisted by

Surface Detector Trackers observing

radar return, Sonar Operators observing sonar readings, and the ASTAC,

the primary communication and control link between the LAMPS helicopter pilots and the TAO

CSC works closely with the Radar

System Controller (RSC), who is usually a Fire Controlman trained on the

SPY-I radar. RSC evaluates environmental conditions, radar emission

control procedures or restrictions, and

adjusts the SPY-1 radar for optimal

performance or tactical employment

Winter 2004

RSC must be a qualified radar system

technician, and ordinarily has

attended SPY-1 operator and maintenance school in Dahlgren, VA

Both coordinators and supervisors

have had tactical training and frequently practice warfare scenarios

together as a team . They both have

oral boards given by qualified watchstanders and stand the watch during

many training exercises before earning their qualification

Other watchstanders include the

CIC watch officer (CICWO) and

watch supervisor (CICWS), who are

counterparts to the JOOD and

BMOW on the bridge . The CICWO

and CICWS are vital in maintaining

overall situational awareness of operations, and assisting the TAO in

maintaining order in CIC when multiple evolutions, including preparation for upcoming events, take place

Other classes of ships generally

have a less robust CIC, having fewer

offensive weapons in their arsenal

Command ships, because of their

www.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n76

significance in warfare coordination

and dependence on communications,

are an exception. Smaller expeditionary warfare ships, such as dock

landing ships (1,SDs) and amphibious

transport docks (LPDs), have relatively small CICs compared to cruisers and destroyers . LSDs and LPDs

also have TAOs, but do not have

multiple warfare coordinators . TAOs

generally maintain the tactical picture

with the assistance of a weapons

supervisor and a sensor supervisor

Instead of an ASTAC, an Air

Direction Controller is the TAO's primary assistant in aircraft management and communications . Lastly,

the Combat Systems Repair Officer

performs a mixture of duties

assigned to CSC and CSOOW aboard

cruisers and destroyers

A EW2 Nikol Ebert watches for electronic signals of interest aboard amphibious assault ship USS

Bonhomme Richard (IHD 6) . (US Navy)

9
E

ngineering is the heart of the

ship . The gas turbines, diesel

engines, boilers, electrical

plant, fuel oil, potable water, and

other auxiliary systems provide life

to the ship so we may do our jobs

A warship is the most complex

waterborne vessel in existence, and

the Engineering Officer of the

Watch (EQOW) is responsible for

assisting the OOD in its safe operation . The EOOW stands watch in

the central control station (CCS)

deep within the ship close to the

main machinery rooms . During a

routine watch, the EOOW will monitor the plant, take action on abnormal conditions, and change plant

1O

nuru see tII1 waiuu! riigiiieeriiig

configuration such as clutching all

main engines to the shaft

Where the EOOW really earns

their reputation is during engineering casualties . Although ships have

many redundant and failsafe systems, things can still go wrong, and

the EOOW must quickly restore the

ship to an operable condition

During an underway replenishment,

for example, two ships displacing

10,000 tons are steaming within halt

a football field of each other at 13

knots with upwards of 50 people on

the weather decks . A course change

of one degree can immediately close

the distance between them by 10

feet or more (See Quick Math for

Y Ship's phone talkers in the Damage Control (enter in USS San Jacinto ((G 56) receive information passed to them from repair lockers during a General

Quarters drill . All hands must be extremely familiar with damage control procedures (PH1(AW) Michael W Pendergrass/USN)

W

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

By LT Duane Neal

Military Editor

OODs, Page 12) . If an engineering

casualty develops hindering ship

control, the EOOW must turn his or

her attention from refueling to

regaining control of the rudder,

shaft, or engine to prevent collision,

injury, or death

FOOWs must have gained intimate familiarization with every engineering system aboard, and stood

watch with various plant operators in

addition to standing U/I watches

with a qualified EOOW . Part of the

qualification process involves

responding to multiple casualty control exercises and an oral board with

the Captain, Chief Engineer and

other qualified EOOWs

S'6IrfaCe Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
Winter 2004

To assist the EOOW, various personnel operate and monitor engineering system control panels remotely

and locally. On most gas turbine

ships, the Propulsion and Auxiliary

Control Console (I'ACC) operator

stands watch in CCS with the FOOW

and carries out plant configuration

changes, starts and stops equipment,

and responds to casualties . The

PACC operator has qualified as an

engineroom operator or main

machinery room supervisor, an

equipment monitor, and passed an

oral board given by the Chief

Engineer, qualified EOOWs and

other PACC operators

Diesel engine ships, or those with

steam boilers and turbines, are usually older than the ships with gas turbines and generally less automated

Most will have an EOOW and an

Engineman of the Watch (ENOW),

Machinist Mate of the Watch

(MMOW) or an engineroom supervisor in CCS, and additional operators

stationed in the machinery rooms

such as Enclosed Operating Station

Console Operators (EOSC) or upper

and lower level watchstanders

Smaller ships have a smaller

watch organization . Frigates, which

only have two gas turbines, have an

EOOW, a propulsion system monitor,

and an electrical plant console operator as primary watchstanders as well

as a tew other watchstanders to support their roles . Patrol coastal ships

(PC) and coastal minehunters (MHC)

have an EOOW and another operator

MHCs have machinery and electrical plant console operators, PCs have

equipment monitors

Sounding and security is the most

basic watch on any engineering

watch team, but one of the most

important. Sounding and security

physically visits the actual piece of

equipment in various engineering

spaces to check fluid levels and take

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

A MM3 Christopher Rodrigue receives messages from the bridge to control the speed of the ship during his watch as the throttleman in Main Control aboard amphibious assault ship USS Kearsarge (LHD 3) . (PH3 Jose E Ponce/USN)

readings. Sounding and security's

readings will show trends revealing

hidden problems and their presence

in machinery rooms can be the first

detection and response to casualties

such as oil leaks or unusual noises

It would be impossible to confine

the story of underway watchstanding

to a few pages, but it is important to

understand each other's responsibilities . The best way to learn is to find a

shipmate and ask them, "What

exactly do you do?" You will quickly

begin to understand why, when a

ship is commissioned, the ship's

sponsor orders "man our ship and

bring her to life!" Regardless of the

armament or systems aboard, the

people of the underway watch organization are the soul of the ship

11
Editor's Note : This article was ori~inalhy published in the Mard 1979 issue

of Surface Warfare magazine, and

reprinted 8 !tears later. The airthor, LT

blur V. Hall of the LISS Power (DD

839) retired front the naval service in

1979. We receive numerous requests for

copies, so in honor of :APT Hall's article, we have added information to flue

original article using contributions from

Marine Safetil International . As more

Sailors lrtta111 qualifrcatioll t1S 00D, or

stand watch as Junior Officer of the Deck

or Junior Officer of the Watch, we hope

to receive marnf more innovative

approaches to shiphandling for publishing!

A

s the techniques and

machines designed to aid in

all phases of operations

become more numerous and sophisticated, it seems a pleasure to realize

that in one vital area no substitute

has been found, or is likely to be for

the exercise of good human judgment and thought, aided by rather

simple equipment of long standing

The conning officer does of course

have numerous aids to help perform

even the most elementary maneuvers

CIC, radar, and the maneuvering

board are close at hand . Information

concerning contacts is clearly displayed . Everything on the bridge

seems to be calm, in order, ready

Probably it is . But somehow, something can come tip fast enough and

unexpectedly enough so that an almost

instantaneous decision will have to be

made without much outside help

12

It

Even if help and recommendations

are quickly fortlhcomning, there is still

the question, is this correct? Is it the

safest, quickest and best way? The

responsibility for making this determination does not leave the bridge; it

is there to stay

The conning officer then has an

obligation to use every means available to quickly and accurately snake

this determination . The 001) is

required to study pertinent tactical

doctrine, the maneuvering cliaracter- L

istics of his own ship and other types, s

and maneuvering board . He is

required to give and receive instruction so that his decision will always

be acceptable . There is however, a

faculty which an OOD can develop

and use effectively with just a little

analysis and practice, but which few

www.navy.iitil/iiavpiilib/cno/ii76

A One radian is approximately 60 degrees, We use the radian rule for small angles (30 degrees or less)

to approximate the length of the short side of a triangle by assuming the ratio is 1 to 60 compared to the

long side

a

seem to consciously use . It is no

more than mental aritlhnietic, based

on a variety of simple rifles

When the OOD uses "thumb

rules" in maneuvering, lie is merely

applying a little pre-cooked math to

a specific situation . When lie exercises „seaman's eye", he is also making mathematical calculations, but

on a level below (or above) the level

of conscious figuring . Let's look for

a minute at one simple device :

radian measure

Most OOD's have run across the

radian at one time or another in elementary math courses . Few appreciate

it properly

What is a Radian?

A radian is defined as the angle

which subtends an arc of a circle

S1.Irface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
91 k til for 0 By LT John V. Hall, USN and Marine Safety International

the arc subtended by an angle of 1

degree is going to be approximately 1 /60 of the radius, 2

degrees, 2/60 of the radius, 10

degrees, 1/6 of the radius, and so

forth . For small angles (30 degrees

or less), the arc (a) and chord (c)

are approximately equal

Simply put : for every angle of 1

degree, the ratio f the long side of a

triangle to the short side is 1 to 60

So for the triangle shown, if the

long side is 600 yards, then the short

side is 10 yards

For instance :

You see a fishing boat about two

miles ahead,, 3 degrees on your star-

,A Applying the radian rule here, 1 degree to 60 degrees is the some ratio as the side opposite of one board bow. He seems to be DIW

degree to the adjacent side 10 yards to 600 yards How close do you come if you hold

your course?

where the length of the arc equals the If we round 57.4 to 60, we can True this is an instant's work on a

radius . In the drawing, arc a, radius say that the length of the arc cre- maneuvering board . But why not

r and chord c are shown . When a = r ated an angle of 60 degrees is going convert that 3 degrees to 1/20 of a

the angle shown is one "radian" or to be approximately equal to the radian (3 degrees / 60 degrees), and

57 .4 degrees radius. Consequently the length of then take 1/20 of the range, thus

000 YO

A While bearing drift, the constant change of an object's bearing from the ship, will help determine if a danger of collision exists, the actual range of the closest

point of approach ((PA) can be found using the radian rule

Winter 2004 www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76 13
getting your 200 yard CPA? Too

close? Five hundred yards would be

better . Well, 500 is 1/8 of 4000, and

1/8 of a radian is what? Between 7

and 8 degrees . To clear him by 500

yards, starting now, you should steer

about 8 degrees off his bearing so

you come left 5 degrees

Another raplil1Crati0ra 0f the radian rule : While alongside during an unrep,

one of our primary concerns is keeping a safe. distance from the delivery

ship . Since we routinely steer courses

to the left and right of replenishment

course while adjusting position, it

14

Applying the radian rule to speed vectors, we see a 1 degree course change at 13 knots during calm

weather conditions causes the ship to open at 20 feet per minute

A The Amphibious (ommand Ship (right) has an overall length of approximately 600ft . A 1 degree starboard course change swings the stern toward the guide ship by at least 10 feet, the decrease in pressure

due to water moving faster through a narrower opening could make steering more difficult

would be useful to know how this

affects the position of our stern

There are a lot of variables at work

during an unrcp but figuring out the

lateral movement of the stern (at least

theoretically) for a heading change is

relatively easy to do . For simplicity,

assume our ship is 600 feet long . It

we change heading 1 degree, and. if

we assume the ship pivots at the bow

(a "worst case" scenario), we apply

the radian rule ratio of 1/60 and conclude that the stern moves left 10

feet . Since we know that the ship

will pivot somewhere aft of the bow,

www.navy.niil/ii.,ivpalib/cno/n76

tile 10 fool figure represents the most

the stern will move toward the delivery ship for every one degree of

heading change

Y L t raiiother applicat iora

Most unreps are conducted at a

speed of 13 knots . When the receiving ship steers a heading to the right

or left of Romeo Corpen she should

either open or close depending on

what side of the delivery ship she is

on. It is useful to know what the rate

of lateral opening or closing is for

every degree of heading difference

In the diagram to the right, the two

ship's vectors are shown with a heading difference of one degree . If we

take 1/60 of 13 knots (which happens

to be 1300 feet per minute) we get

21 .6 feet per minute (fpm), which we

round off to 20 fpm . Thus, in the

absence of other forces, for every one

degree of heading difference from

Romeo Corpen we open (or close) at

the rate of about 20 feet per minute

Getting out of close

quarters -- the "five

degree" maneuver :

It, by some circumstance, you find

yourself dangerously close to the

oiler, sa y 60 or 80 feet, you have to

open the distance quickly because

interactive forces are increasing exponentially and you are running out of

time. You initiate emergency breakaway; but you can't floor the accelerator until the rigs are clear, and the

increase in speed of water passing

river the hull may cause the water

pressure between ships decrease further, increasing chances for collision

You are so close that k you're concerned that if you come right, your

stern may hit the delivery ship

Nevertheless, that's what you have to

do and what's more, you have to

make a decisive course change

Assume you are to starboard of

the oiler. As we learned above, for

Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
Winter 2(04

A The blind area created by a particularly rakish bow or low superstructure can be a dangerous region . Small boats should never drive under the bow

every degree of heading change to

the right the stern move left and will

close the oiler by as much as 10 feet

(for a 60() foot long ship) . At the same

time, however, each degree of heading change to the right adds about 20

feet per minute to your opening vector. Thus, if you make a course

change to the right of five degrees,

your stern will close by at most 50

feet . At the same time you will

achieve an opening rate of 100 feet

per minute or more . In fact, as the

ship comes right even though the

stern rotates toward the delivery

ship, it closes by much less than 50

feet because the opening vector takes

effect and the ship tracks to the right

It is recommended that this "five

degree" maneuver be executed by

giving a course order (i .e . "Helm,

come right smartly to XXX ." ) vice a

rudder order and that the helmsman

be a qualified master helmsman who

has been briefed to anticipate such an

order in the event of an emergency

breakaway. You may choose to use

rudder orders, but the helmsman

may be carrying significant amounts

of rudder already to hold the ordered

course and will know what's needed

to execute a smart course change

The real challenge in this maneuver

may be returning to base course

before you open up too far

The Three Minute and

One Minute Rules

Experienced OODs are well

versed in the three minute rule

which states that the distance in

yards traveled in 3 minutes is equal

to the speed in knots multiplied

A At a signal's execution, a ship must expeditiously maneuver to station while minding

safety of navigation

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

by

15

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No . 1
16

A In the 2 .5 minutes it takes to turn at 20 knots, the guide will travel 1500 yards. The ratio of 1500

yards to the range at station is slightly less than half a radian, approximately 25 degrees . Turn when

the guide bears 095, 25 degrees greater than guide's bearing when at station

100 Thus a ship going 10 knots

travels 1000 yards in 3 minutes . For

slow speeds it may sometimes be

useful to use the one Minute rule

which is essentially the three minute

rule divided by three . The one

minute rule says that the distance

traveled in feet in one minute is

equal to the speed in knots multiplied by 100 . Thus a ship approaching a berth at 2 knots will travel 200

feet in one minute

The Invisible

Distance Formula

The Invisible distance formula is

not quick math. It has to be calculated in advance but once calculated

it provides a useful tool for close

quarters situations . A good example

of its use is the situation where you

are entering a berth and need to estimate the distance ahead to a fixed

object such as the quay wall . From

the bridge, your line of sight over the

bullnose will intersect the surface of

the water at some distance ahead of

the bow which, given your height of

eye and the typical draft and trip, of

the vessel will be a fixed distance

Typically for CG; and DOGs this distance is about S0 or 90 yards

However, using the drawing and formula below you can calculate what it

will be for your particular ship . You

will find, that differences in height of

eye and small changes in ship's draft

will not affect the result very much

One of the things an OOD is

expected to know is, of course, the

maneuvering characteristics, or "tactical curves" of his ship . Usually this

A In the 2 .5 minutes it takes to turn at 20 knots, the guide will travel 1500 yards . The ratio of 1500

yards to the range at station is slightly less than half a radian, approximately 25 degrees . Turn when the

guide bears 095, 25 degrees greater than guide's bearing when at station

www.navy.m it/ ;navpalib/cno/n76

will comprise a volume of figures

and graphs, which can scarcely be ;

memorized. I lowever, it is impera°

tive for the UUD to have a rather

accurate knowledge of advance,

transfer, turning diameter and turning rates for various speeds and rudder angles angles . It is not too much to

memorize figures for, say, ten, fifteen,

twenty, and twenty-five knots, the

same rudder angles, and 180' of turn

In any event, the data should be most

readily accessible, preferably ill a

handy tabulated form

Now suppose that. you are a considerable distance ahead of your

guide, and you are told to take station much closer, dead ahead . You

decide to turn and head back on the

reciprocal course, almost "down the

throat" . He's making 20 knots, you

are at 25, and suddenly there You are

with a closing range of nearly 45

knots and a decision to make . It is

well to come prepared

Your station is 1000 yards dead

ahead of the guide, and you have

decided to turn back to base course

at 25 knots with 15 degrees rudder,

slowing to 20 a s you begin to

steady tip on base course. Now you

absolutely must know how log;

that turn is going to take

Sill fr7C'i' Wnrtrzri'

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No . 1
For safety's sake you are going to

assume it takes three minutes . In

three minutes the guide will

approach you by a matter of 2000

yards, due to his own motion

Therefore, when his range is 3000

yards you Will turn, and when you

have completed your turn and

slowed to 20 knots, you Will be just

about 1000 yards ahead of him,

actually a trifle more . However, if

from necessity or choice you are

going to do it as described here,

there is no other way than to make

these calculations . CIC can do no

more and you may be lucky if they

react quickly enough to do as much

A maneuvering board is no help . It

will have to be done in your head

Here you are coming into what

might be screen station, 3500 yards

from the guide and somewhat abaft

of his beam . His course is 000°,

W1,Ite1" 2004

A Target angle offers useful information to quickly plan or visually confirm the course of a contact calculated by CIC

speed 18, and when on station he

will bear 070'. You are coming down

a more or less reciprocal course along

the track shown at 20 knots

You chose your course, by eye or

by maneuvering, so as to he displaced towards the guide's track by

the diameter of your turning circle

Now as you close him, you are again

wondering where to start your turn

Begin by assuming that your turn

will take place at a point . The point

chosen is the one you reach on completion of your turn . when there, you

hope to be on station. This assumption will introduce error, but not

much in a situation similar to this

example. This turn is going to take

(you know or have looked it up) 2

minutes at 20 knots, with standard

rudder. Again you are going to slow

to 15 knots towards the end of

the turn

www.navy.rnil/navpalib/ono/n76

While you spend 2 minutes turning, the guide will go how far along

his track? About 1500 yards, by the

three minute rule . Those 1500 yards

are less than halt of your 3500 yards

final range . The angle A above is

therefore a little less than half a

radian, say 25 degrees. Therefore

when the guide bears 005, you will

begin your turn

Now when you look at it objectively, what could be simpler to calculate? All you used. was the

knowledge you had anyway, plus the

radian rule . You make no attempt to

be absolutely precise. You used several approximations, for simplicity's

sake. Probably you turned a little

late, and corrected for that immediately on coming out of your turn

What gave your mental calculations

their value Was the fact that you

knew you would come out quite

close to station

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No . 1

17
At the moment you began your

turn, the situation looked like this :

You turned with the guide at a

range of 3000 yards . With your turning diameter of 1150 yards, the angle

A was a little over one-third of a

radian, say 25 degrees . The distance

from C to I' was therefore only 2700

yards. If your turn had, in fact taken

3 minutes, as you assumed, you

would have ended up only 700 yards

ahead, which could be cutting it

rather fine, to say nothing of putting

you 300 yards behind station . That

extra half minute you allowed for

the turn served to compensate for

300 yards, inasmuch as half a minute

represented very close to 300 yards

in the advance of the guide along

his track

18

A To the observer on the bow, the north face of Pier 1 is "OPEN", A is the "DISTANCE TO" Pier 1, B is the offset of the bow "FROM" the face of Pier 1, and is the

offset of the port side "TO" the end of Pier 1 . To the observer on the stern, the south face of Pier 1 is "OPEN", the north face of Pier 1 is "CLOSED", the stern "HAS

SWING CLEARANCE" on buoy T, or the swing clearance on buoy T is distance D

How do most OOD's figure reciprocal bearings? A quick glance at the

maneuvering hoard is no doubt easiest and surest . But if you want to do

it in your head, do you try to add or

subtract 180 degrees? This can

become awkward, and can lead to

errors. Why not add 200" and then

subtract 20, or conversely subtract

200 and add 20? This is of course

extremely simple, but have all OOD's

thought of it?

Few OOD's realize target angles,

reciprocal bearings and angle-on-the

bow can be useful tools to determine

a contact's course

The contact bears 168' . The reciprocal is 348', the contact is 20 degrees

on the starboard bow. Contact course

348° minus 20 equals 328" . The solution is found in an instant, and if

www.navy.mil/navpalih/cno/n76

your estimate was good, will be better than CIC's, which may not be

available anyway for two or

three minutes

Visualizing relationships is a large

part of using "quick math" to help

you determine contact course, CPA,

and other information, but it can also

help you communicate better

Conning officers often rely on

reports from the foc'sle and fantail to

judge the ships position and movement. This is only useful if everyone

is speaking the same language . The

drawing below suggests several terms

and definitions that might prove useful in communicating between the

bridge and various lookouts

Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No . 1
Doubling the Angle on

the Bow (A Classic

DR tool)

Another application of basic

trigonometry can be useful in

obtaining ail estimated position

from a single landmark . Shoot the

bearing to a fixed object and record

the difference between your heading and the bearing (angle on the

bow) . Maintain course and continue to shoot bearings to the

object until the angle on the bow is

twice what it was at the first bearing . At that point, your distance

from the fixed object is equal to the

distance traveled between the two

bearings. The bearing and distance

thus obtained can be plotted as an

estimated position

Wliitcl" 2004

A Running fixes can be especially useful when visual bearings are only available on one side of the ship

It would be impossible to exhaust

the situations in which an OOD

should be able to find fast and reasonably accurate mental solutions to

maneuvering problems . The variety

of techniques, tricks, and thumb rules

is also endless . I believe, however,

that it is appropriate to stress that

this type of thinking, and mental

preparation, should be just one typical part of an OOD's continuous and

analytical effort to qualify himself to

meet any situation which may arise

The radian rule and the three

minute rule are excellent aids to an

OOD in the execution of his conning responsibilities on the bridge

Their use is for assisting in making

rapid and accurate maneuvering

decisions . The following test represents applications of mathematics

www.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/ n76

that OOD's should be able to do

(sans caluculators)

(The test is not included here

go online to

wyv .na~~sea navy.m1l/ swm<rar,ine

and download the test and

50 variations!)

19

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No . 1
Feb. 4 -- C.APT

John Paul Jones

takes command

of Continental

Navy frigate

Ik)rlhOmme

Richard

Feb. 18

General Order

issued to

decrease confu

sion which

arises from the

'e of the, Similarly sounding

words

"Larboard" and

"Starboard ."

The word "Port"

is hereafter to be

substituted for

"Larboard."

Mar. 3

Congress

authorizes "A,

i', C, D Ship ;,"

four modern

ships of steel;

three cruisers,

tl Lien,ta, Boston

and Chicago,

and dispatch

hi at / gunboat

Dolphin

Mar. 29

vacuation of

Danang,

\'it-tnam, by sea

bcgiris

"What underway

watch or watch

rotation works best

for you and why?

--- -~ - - ./ -- MM u

8W=C"A X. f &, A NW/"TCJI7

"Six on and six off with no workday, or four on and eight off with

drills and no workday, or four on

and 12 off with workday, but without drills ."

-MM2 Kirk Gleason

LISS La Salle (AGF 3)

"Four hours on, and then off for

about 16 hours works for me,

mainly because we have to have

two watches a day. Underway, I

stand low-visibility watch, but I also

have my regular workday, and then

stand Duty 'SK.' (Storekeeper) every

nine days ."

-SK3 Marcela Granados

LISS Rushmore (LSD 47)

rr I i nc) r Cc ,I

"As an OS we were usually limited to only Port and

Starboard (six hours on and six hours off) watches, but

through more automated systems and Commanding

Officers believing in those systems, Port and Starboard

watches have almost become a thing of the past . Also,

most ships support continuous feeding (Mess line open 24

hours /seven days a week), so my guys on this last

deployment from the Mediterranean enjoyed six hours on

watch with 12 hours off . Giving them time to take care of

collateral duties, workout, college and yes, some sleep in

there as well. So I would have to say : six hours on, with 12

hours off."

-OSC(SW/AW) Michael Fry

COMOPTEVFOR Code 612

"I think that the best underway watch rotation is six

hours on and six hours off. You get just enough time to eat,

exercise and sleep, before you have to go back on watch."

OSSN Daniel Halladay

LISS La Salle (AGF

"A four-section underway watch rotation, that was 'selfdogging' of some kind, works best for me . Right now, we

are in a three-section watch rotation that sometimes get

'dogged' and sometimes doesn't."

-GSM1(SW) Judson Imhoff

LISS Russell (DDG 59)

"For us 'pit snipes,' I feel that the best watch rotation for us is four X 12 (4 hours on watch, 12

hours off) . But in order for that to happen we would need the correct number of qualified personnel

to do so . So for now, six by six (Six hours on watch, six hours off) is our best watch rotation - at

least you can go get some rest before your next watch, or catch up on current events in the world ."

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

MM3 Glenn South

LISS La Salle (AGF 3)

Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol 29 No . 1
"1 believe that the Blue and Gold*, or 12 hours on, 12 hours off watch rotation is the best . It gives

me enough time to study, get my work done ; and then when I get off, enough time to work out and

also email home, where as, I'm also getting plenty of sleep ."

-CTOSN Brian Kukich

LISS Lake Erie (CG 70)

* LISS Lake Erie (CG 70), a Pearl Harbor-based guided-missile cruiser implemented Blue and Gold teams

which worked 12-hour shifts The team orn duty was responsible for carrying out the ship's routine in addition

to watclistandirtg, trainiragg, cleaning, preventive itiaintenance and other requirements ; while the off-duty team

all had their time off "All Hands" evolutions, like General Quarters, required all Blue and Gold team inembers to participate

-Ed

"The midwatch works best for me as we're "0700-1200; 1200-1800 ; 1800-2200; 2200-0200 ;

split 12 hours on and 12 hours off . The mid- 0200-0700 . No chow reliefs required . Morning

watch is usually the most quiet of the watches watch relieves at 0630 . 1200-1800 is relieved at

and not a lot happens ." 1730. Dog watch can be inserted (if required)

during 1200-1800 ."

--IT2(SW) John Kehrer

LISS Doyle (FFG 39)

-OS1(SW) Sabrina McCaslin

USS Sacramento WE 1)

Whiter 2004 www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

Winter 20014

LT Juan Pagan

Damage Control Assistant

LISS La Salle (AGF 3)

"It works differently at all the different commands I've been at and it varies by the particular watch I have to stand, but it essentially boils "Twenty-four-hour duty in Medical, (in rotadown to the watch that gives me the least tion with the other qualified hospital corpsmen)

amount of time in Combat . I prefer the same every three days. Basically I attend to sick call

watch every day. A pattern is set and your body in the morning from 0830-0930 and then handle

gets used to it . I can set aside time to go to the any emergencies that might come up ."

gym at this time every day, or work on this and

get my personal schedule down ." -HM3 Roland Pena

LISS Bri coe (DD 977)

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No

Our question

for the Spring

2004 issue is,

"what

are your

most vivid

memories

of your

current or

past

deployments?"

If you would

like us to consider publishing

your response to

the question, email the answer

to us at surfwarnuap ; avy.ini

with Feedback in

the subject line
22

ATTORNEY

G1ENEluAL

PRAISES R.EN'l'Z

FOR 4111

DRUG RUST

wring counternarcotics patroll

in the Eastern Pacific, USS

Rentz (FFG 46), its embarked

helicopter and U .S . Coast Guard Law

Enforcement Detachment Team

(LEDET) made their fourth major

drug interdiction, seizing 7,710

pounds of narcotics and detaining of

seven suspected drug traffickers

F(3 Kenneth Abad, TM3 Chris Garcia and FC3

Josh Reid, assigned to USS Rentz (FFG 46)

offload six tons of narcotics, seized in August and

September 2003 Rentz, a helicopter and crew

from the 'Wolfpack' of Anti-Submarine Squadron

47 and U .S . Coast Guard Law Enforcement

Detachment 106 personnel thwarted several

drug-smuggling outfits in the Eastern Pacific and

Caribbean Sea by intercepting suspected vessels

typically built for the transport of narcotics

(Coast Guard PA3 Crystal Norman/US(G)

"USS Rentz is conducting one of

the most successful counternarcotics

tours in recent memory, having participated in at least four separate

multi-ton cocaine interdictions that

will be prosecuted," said Paul Perez,

attorney general of U .S . Middle

District Court of Florida . "We

applaud their efforts, along with the

rest of the United States Navy and

Coast Guard, to move the battle-line

for the war on drugs from the streets

of the United States to the waters of

the Eastern Pacific Ocean and

Caribbean Sea."

Since deploying, Rentz became a

major asset in the war on narcoterrorism. The San Diego-based frigate's

operations have prevented nearly

14,000 pounds of cocaine from reaching the U .S . coast

GSM2 Clay Boswell summed up

Rentz's success by stating, "It is an

amazing feeling having a position

directly responsible for keeping tons

of cocaine off our streets ."

Ii . S .,

AIJS'I'IIALI1IN

NAVIES SEIZE

MORE DRUGS

AFT l:ll AL-(IiIEDA

INTERROGATION

F

ollowing the interception of a

dhow in the North Arabian

Sea, U .S . and coalition maritime forces detained 15 individuals

and seized an estimated 2,800

pounds of hashish (approximately

$11 million street value) in

early January

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

J1Ct!Ifl i

t, Sailors from the guided-missile destroyer USS

Decatur(DDG 73) discovered an estimated two tons

of narcotics with a street value of around $10 million

aboard a 40-foot dhow intercepted in the Arabian Gulf

while traversing smuggling routes known to be used

by AI-Qaeda . The dhow's 12 crewmembers, three with

suspected links to Al-Qaeda, were taken into custody

and transferred to Decatur (PH2 Michael

Sandberg/USN)

These forces operated in international waters in support of expanded

maritime interception operations

designed to deny use of the seas by

terrorists under the auspices of the

global war on terrorism

This is the third interception in

two weeks by coalition maritime

forces. USS Decatur (DDG 73)

detained a dhow and its 12 crew

members and seized upward of $10

million in hashish Dec . 15,2003 ; USS

Philippine Sea (CG 58) detained two

dhows and their 21 crew members

and seized 95 pounds of heroin and

50-to-100 pounds of methamphetamines Dec . 20, 2003

Of the 33 total crew members originally detained in those interceptions,

10 have been transferred to a secure,

undisclosed facility for further questioning by U .S. officials . These 10

were transferred after initial interrogations revealed possible Al-Qaeda

Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No . 1
affiliations deemed noteworthy

enough to pursue further

Intelligence gained from those interrogations and documents discovered

on board the dhows led directly to

the third operation

The remaining 23 crew members

have been turned over to officials of a

country in the region

SAMIJEL B

ROBERTS CLAIMS

ANOTHER VIt,-

TORY IN TIl):

DRUGIr WAR

r ' he guided-missile frigate USS

Samuel B. Roberts (FFG 58)

recently made its second drug

bust in as many weeks, seizing

nearly two metric tons of cocaine

while patrolling the Eastern Pacific

Samuel B. Roberts, working with

Joint Interagency Task Force South

(JIATF South) was conducting routine

patrols when it detected the small

fishing boat by radar. Making way

through the water on a dark night

with no navigation lights, the 50-foot

Colombian fishing vessel was

deemed suspicious and Samuel B

Roberts requested permission from

Coast Guard District 1I to investigate

Upon receiving permission, the

U.S . Coast Guard Law Enforcement

Detachment (LEDET) 401, embarked

in Samuel B. Roberts, sent a boarding

team to the suspected vessel . While

searching, the team noticed several

indications that the vessel had

recently been altered, possibly to create a hidden compartment . The

trained eyes of the boarding team

Winter 2004

members found many clues that led

the team to believe that illicit drugs

were hidden aboard

After nearly 12 hours, the

exhausted Coast Guard team

located the contraband in a false

fuel tank. The illegal cargo was

seized and the eight Colombian

crewmen were detained

Samuel B. Roberts seized more

than three metric tons of cocaine during its counter-drug operations

deployment in late September 2003

INJURED 11111LOI

SEAMAN

TREATED

ABOARD

E\T'117AIt1 RIS1

SS Enterprise (CVN 65) medical personnel treated an

Iraqi merchant seaman

medevaced to the aircraft carrier in

early January after he was seriously

injured in an accident aboard his

freighter in the Arabian Gulf

Enterprise Senior Medical

Officer, CAPT Vernon Morgan, was

among the first on scene when the

helicopter landed

"I met him at the helicopter for an

on-scene evaluation of the severity

of his injuries," said Morgan . "We

then transferred him to our main

medical treatment room, where a

definitive diagnosis of a displaced

humerus fracture was made and

treatment begun ."

The medical team treated Atif

Youssif, a 36-year-old native of

Basrah, Iraq, for a fractured arm and

chest bruises sustained when a cable

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

parted while his ship was towing

another vessel USS Gettysburg (CG

64) answered his ship's distress call

and transported him via helicopter

to Enterprise

Communications with the patient

were assisted by one of the Navy's

latest innovation projects, the

Phraselator. Essentially a field-rated

personal digital assistant, the device

translates spoken English into one of

several languages, including Arabic

On behalf of Enterprise, LT Wendy

Stone, Enterprise's nurse presented

Youssif with a command ball cap,

coffee mug and a box of toys to give

to his two children

A Iraqi merchant seaman Atif Youssif displays an

American flag patch received during his stay aboard

USS Enterprise ON 65), while AWCS(AW) Jim

Zobrosky fastens him into his seat in preparation

for departure via helicopter (PHAN Joshua

Helgeson/USN)

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No

23
. 17, 2003, SSailors and

Marines said goodbye to loved

ones and boarded seven ships

that made up Amphibious Task Force

(ATF) West for the beginning of a

journey that had no scheduled

end date

Loaded with Landing Force West's

(LF West) equipment and personnel,

USS Boxer (LHD 4), USS Bonhonrme

Richard (LHD 6), USS Pearl Harbor

(LSD 52), USS Anchorage (LSD 36),

USS Cleveland (LPD 7), USS

Dubuque (LPD 8) and USS Comstock

(LSD 45) headed for the Arabian

Gulf. These seven ships carried the

Marine transport and attack helicopters, tanks, armored and assault vehicles, artillery guns, transport trucks

and engineering equipment

According to Marine Corps Maj

Jens Curtis, LF West logistics officer,

the landing force consisted of a

ground control element from the P1

Marine Regiment, 1s1 Combat

Engineer Battalion and P,1 Tank

Battalion; the air control element

included Marine Air Group 16

(MAG-16), Heavy Marine Helicopter

Squadron 465 (HM1I-465) and the

Heavy Marine Medium Helicopter

Squadron 165 (HMM-165) ; and the

combat service support element came

from Marine Corps Service Support

Group 19 (MSSG-19)

"Primarily," said Curtis,

"Landing Force West was put

together to provide transportation

to and from the area of operation

The S-4 llogistics] section simply

ensured that all embarkations were

properly coordinated, with ATF

West and met the timetable for the

embarkation schedule

Several Heavy Marine Helicopter Squadron (HMH) 465 Marines relax and wait in USS Boxer's

U.HD 4) hangar bay for debarkation to Kuwait's naval base . (PHI (arole Rollman/USN)

"The LF West staff had only about

all seven amphibs ahead of schedule,

20 days to plan the upload," he meeting all timelines, and allowing

added. "We assisted in the loading of ATF West to sail on schedule ."

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6 Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No . 1
I ~_?, I 'J

Winter 2004

Lt. Col . Ronald Wodtke, LF West's

executive officer, said staffing LF West

was not easy. "The interesting thing

about the landing force is we were

formed up primarily to move Marines

over in theater. The largest issue I had

was getting the right people for the

right mix for personnel supportability

Everyone is shorthanded, so it's difficult to say, 'I need this individual with

this MOS (Marine occupation specialty) .' It was kind of a battle . But

other than that, once we were

manned, we did whatever we had to

do to accomplish the mission ."

CDR Robert Thomson, Boxer's

operations officer, said ATF West

accomplished its mission in

five phases

"The first phase was to transport

the Marines across the Pacific Ocean,

the Indian Ocean, and into the

Arabian Gulf," lie said . After 37

straight days at sea, the task force

arrived in the Gulf, and the second

phase began

"The second phase was the offload

of the 1st Marines and their equipment to the Kuwait Naval Base for

staging on the Iraqi border," said

Thomson. The two helicopter

squadrons and ACU-5 worked

together to transport the Marines and

their equipment to Kuwait

"We got in theater Feb . 24 and

offloaded them in four days at the

Kuwait Naval Base," said Wodtke

"We also got them up to the tactical

assembly area Coyote ."

According to Wodtke, LF West disbanded as soon as all Marines were

safely in Kuwait . After they disbanded, each unit reported to their

usual command structure

By JO1 Karen M . Golembieski

USS Boxer (LHD 4) public affairs

"`'1l

A GM3 Victoria Masako Nigorizawo cleans salt off a MK 44 GAU-17 7 .62mm mini-gun during a force

protection watch near the bridge of USS Comstock (LSD 45) . After completing the second phase of

Amphibious Task Force West's mission in Operation Iraqi Freedom, Comstock commenced operations in

the Arabian Gulf area with the U .S . Coast Guard National Strike Force Team in a joint Maritime

Environment Response Operation (Pill Brien Aho/IJSN)

"The third phase was the actual

conflict," said Thomson . "During the

war, ATF West supported the 1st

Marine Division by operating Marine

aircraft for troop support, re-supply

and logistics, and close air support of

those Marine forces on the ground

during their drive to Baghdad ."

"Once the war started March 20,

the 1st Marines pushed forward to

the oil fields up through Al Nasiriyah

by the north," said Wodtke . "We

went a lot faster than we expected to

I'd been involved with the planning

of this, and I thought the timelines

were pretty aggressive, but we were

able to execute it even more quickly

than we thought ."

Throughout their time in the Gulf,

Boxer personnel continued to support the war effort

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

"Boxer, in particular, operated

CH-53 helicopters and CH-46 helicopters of Marine Aircraft Group 16

in support of the 1st Marine

Expeditionary Force during the drive

to Baghdad," said Thomson . "We

supported them in the initial push

across the border into Umm Qasr and

then in the push up through Basrah

on into Baghdad ."

For those left on Boxer, keeping

helicopters in good condition wasn't

easy, Thomson added

"One of the main difficulties we

had to overcome during Operation

Iraqi Freedom," he explained, "was

operating the helicopters in the harsh

environment of heat and dust, which

was very hard on the engines . The

U.S . Navy and U .S. Marine Corps

have a history of operating in this

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No

25
area for a couple of decades now, so

we were in a sense prepared for that

"There was a constant flow of

maintenance; a constant effort by

the maintenance personnel here

around-the-clock, both Marines and

Sailors, to make sure those helicopters were maintained in an operational way, kept flying, and able to

support the troops ashore throughout the conflict ."

After about three weeks, the

ground war ended and Sailors and

Marines began looking to the end of

the mission

"Once the conflict was finished for

the Marines, the fourth phase of ATF

West's mission was the back load of

Marines from the 1st Marine

Expeditionary force from the Kuwait

Naval Base to the ships of ATF West,"

said Thomson

"We formed up LF West again for

the trip home, loaded and got everyone back on board," said. Wodtke

26

A A Marine directs "Humvees" ashore after departing a Landing (raft, Air Cushion (ICAO at (amp Patriot, Kuwait, Feb . 26, 2003 . The off-load of Marines and

their equipment completed the second phase of Amphibious Task Force West's mission in Operation Iraqi Freedom . (PHI Arlo Abrahamson/USN)

"Even though the weather was going

bad on us, and that always make

things tough, we had everything

loaded by May 26 and were actually

underway by May 28 . We had an

original date of being underway on

the first of June ."

"Phase five (concluded with) the

transport of Marines across the

Arabian Gulf, across the Indian

Ocean, across the Pacific Ocean and

back home," said Thomson

Looking back, Thomson is proud of

the job the Sailors and Marines of

ATF West and LF West did in

Operation Iraqi Freedom

"It turned out to be very successful," he said, "We came here knowing that we had the best people, the

best equipment and best training in

the world, in the United States Navy

and Marine Corps . We came here

with a lot of confidence, knowing

that the task was going to be difficult,

but that we were ready and trained

www.navy.mil / navpalib /cno / n76

to be able to accomplish our mission

We weren't surprised to succeed ."

Wodtke is also appreciative of the

work put forth by Boxer's Sailors

"I think the thing I was most

impressed about was the

Navy/Marine Corps team . The

efforts of Marines and Sailors were

just phenomenal. I also want to pass

along real big kudos to USS Boxer

I've been on seven different ships

and this is the best one I've been on

from the standpoint of the crew and

the command," he said . "The flexibility that they exhibited with the

Jessica Lynch mission, and doing a

lot of the other flight deck operations,

it's been a really good working relationship . I don't believe the young

Sailors and Marines fully understand

just what a significant accomplishment they have made . I think it

won't hit them for a while."

Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
A The Navy's next generation destroyer, DD(X), made its first appearance on the high seas thanks to Naval

Surface Warfare Center (NSWO, Dahlgren, Va ., and Navy Warfare Development Command (NWDC), Naval

Station Newport, R .I . A virtual projection of DD(X) was used during Fleet Battle Experiment Kilo to help formulate future strategies for the fleet (Raytheon)

T

he newest ship in the fleet

recently got underway from

the Naval Surface Warfare

Center (NSWC), Dahlgren, Va .,

bound for the Pacific Commandsponsored Exercise Tandem Thrust

2003 This particular ship is so new in

fact, that it doesn't exist yet

A modeling and simulation lab

with the Navy Warfare Development

Command (NWDC), Naval Station

Newport, R.I ., produced the virtual

next generation destroyer (DD(X))

from data provided by NSWC

DD(X) participated in Fleet Battle

Experiment (FBE) Kilo as if it were a

real asset, actually showing up on the

radar screens of ships operating

thousands of miles away in the

Pacific Ocean

FBE-Kilo, a joint warfighting

experiment including both live field

forces and computer simulation, was

part of Tandem Thrust '03 and

Winter 2004

included more than 8,000 U .S. Naval

and civilian personnel operating at

locations in the U .S . and the 7th Fleet

Pacific areas of operation

FBE-Kilo was an experiment,

which is not to be confused with an

exercise . An exercise trains or certifies operational forces, while an

experiment explores doctrine, future

technologies and concepts of operations essentially new ways to do

business. The focus of FBE scenarios

is often five to 10 years into the

future, but the FBE program provides the flexibility to work with

both present challenges and

future concepts

This is the eleventh FBE that

NWDC has developed and the fourth

involving a forward-deployed fleet

However, FBE-Kilo was unique, giving folks at NWDC reason to be even

more excited than normal about

the experiment

w ww.navy.mil / navpalib / cno /n76

By ENS Anna-Marie Janning

Navy Information Bureau 101 Northeast

participates in

warfighting experiment

in a virtual way

For the first time, NWDC controlled the experiment and directed

the simulation from a state-of-the-art

modeling and simulation (M&S) lab

Because the lab is permanent, it gives

experimenters enhanced flexibility,

while enabling more activities to take

place in a shorter timeframe

"The modeling and simulation

capability we have I don't think

there's anything like it in the Navy,"

said RADM Ronald Route,

Commander, Navy Warfare

Development Command . "The fact

that we can deliver it from here is

very exciting . We're putting on an

experiment that's going on halfway

around the world, and this is the first

time we've done that ."

The new NWDC M&S lab coordinated the virtual participation of several other platforms in addition to

DD(X) . NWDC generated a virtual

next generation E2-C Hawkeiie aircraft, named "2000 Hawkeye ." The

Naval Undersea Warfare Center in

Newport added a virtual submarine

and an unmanned underwater vehicle . A lab in Canberra, Australia,

brought the next generation of

Australian destroyers, the ANZAC

The simulations even included video

feeds from virtual Predator

unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

The M&S lab at NWDC fed each

of these simulations to ships operating off Guam, where shipboard systems were stimulated with tangible

radar, acoustic and electronic data as

if the actual platforms were participating in the event

27

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
ne of the greatest threats to a

modern navy can be one of the

hardest to detect

In late September 2003, the ships

of the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN

71) Carrier Strike Group (TRCSG) set

sail from Norfolk, Va ., to practice and

hone their anti-submarine warfare

(ASW) skills during Exercise Smart

Search 2003

"The goal of ASW is to make submarines go down and not come back

up," said Destroyer Squadron 2's

Tactical Action Officer, LCDR Jon

Reagan. "The warriors of TRCSG certainly gained critical training during

Smart Search ."

Smart Search '03 challenged Sailors

to detect and hunt submarines in several scenarios mimicking real-world

political events . Participants

included Theodore Roosevelt, USS

Anzio (CG 68), USS Cape St. George

(CG 71), USS Arleigh Burke (DDG

51), USS Winston S . Churchill (DDG

81), USS Porter (DDG 78), USS Carr

(FFG 52), USS Newport News (SSN

750), USS Augusta (SSN 710), maritime patrol aircraft and anti-submarine helicopters . The size and

complexity of this exercise made it

one of the largest and most demanding exercises conducted by the fleet

Preparations for an exercise of this

caliber began four months prior to

ensure the exercise encompassed the

required ASW forces and to develop

scenarios that provided valuable

training to TRCSG Sailors aboard

ships and assigned aircraft

28

The mission was to clear the carrier operating area of any submarine

threat . In doing so, all involved ships

and aircraft crews gained confidence,

experience, and proficiency in ASW

Like many other evolutions, ASW is

a perishable skill that requires continual practice to maintain

superior performance

The training started long before

the exercise . Watchstanders attended

various classes including

Coordinated ASW, Task Group ASW,

Team Trainer/Simulators and the

Battle Group Inport Exercise to better

prepare themselves with the fundamentals for the exercise . These

forums ensured scenario familiarity

and fostered teamwork for Smart

Search '03 participants

Thanks to the help of Newport

News and Augusta, the exercise was

demanding. Both submarines

assumed the role of opposition forces

to TRCSG, and they proved to be

capable adversaries for the ASW

forces . Through all phases of the

exercise, they challenged TRCSG in

every ASW aspect and highlighted

the difficulty of ASW missions

One method used to illuminate the

subject was a little cross-community

training . Destroyer Squardon 2's

Submarine Operations Officer, LT

Tint Buckley, enhanced watchteam

proficiency and coordination by

showing those who operate above

the surface what happens below . In

return, he took away a renewed

appreciation for the surface fleet

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

By LTJG Colleen Lowe

Destroyer Squadron 2

J

IIIJN'I' Old BE IIIJN'I'EI)!

"I was glad to share my submarine

experience with the ships and aircraft," said Buckley. "It was very

enlightening to witness ASW from

the surface . I was impressed by the

ASW capabilities of surface ships,

LAMPS helicopters, and P-3 Orions."

A USS Cape St. George ((G 71) sets up for

an underway replenishment Cape St. George,

part of Destroyer Squadron 2, recently completed

the anti-submarine warfare exercise, Smart

Search '03. (JO((SW) Alan Baribeau/USN)

Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
J

J

D

ay in, day out, backs laden with

heavy loads, trudging over

coastal waters acting as a vital

bridge between ship and shore

Landing Craft, Utility (LCU) live

for this very mission: transporting

tracked and wheeled vehicles,

troops, and equipment between sea

and shore

"We are the workhorse of the

amphibious fleet," said Chief

Warrant Officer Robin Ross, Assault

Craft Unit 2, Det. B officer in charge

deployed aboard USS Saipan (LHA

2) . "We can carry 200 tons in time of

war. That's three M1-Al (Abrams)

battle-ready tanks or 400 battle-ready

Marines on each craft ."

Slower than their Landing Craft,

Air Cushioned (LCAC) cousins, the

LCU's earned a weighty place in

amphibious assaults as far back as

World War 11. With maximum speed

of 11 knots, LCUs can still carry a

heavier load than LCACs

"We can take over three times as

much as they can three tanks to

their one," said BMC(SW/AW)

Steven Bolin, LCU 1.663 craftmaster

The extra carrying capacity of the

LCUs ensures that they stay the primary ship-to-shore Marine transportation for LHA-class amphibious

assault ships . Operation Iraqi Freedom

gave the LCUs another chance to flex

their muscles

"All four of our LCUs assisted

throughout the amphibious task

force with the offload of troops in

Winter 2004

By JOC(SW) Dave Fliesen

USS Saipan (LHA 2) public affairs

workhorse of the

amphibious fleet

Amphibious Assault Vehicle hits the beach as a Landing Craft, Utility (L(U 1617) unloads two Ml-Al

Abrams tanks bound for shore during an amphibious assault exercise . During time of war, an LCU may

carry up to three Abrams or 400 fully equipped Marines, ((WO? (buries Grow/USMC)

February and the May backload,"

said Ross . "We even had LCU 1657

help Naval Special Clearance Team I

house two dolphins aboard the craft

for eight days, prior to performing

mine countermeasures ."

Like the LCU's missions, the allenlisted crews have the added

responsibility to know how to fight

their ship

"I have to know how to do everything - radio communications, navigation, deck not just my electrical

field," FM2 Roy Neal said

You don't have one job aboard an

LCU . "Everyone has a place," said

www.navymil/navpalib/cno/n76

Ross. "They live aboard the LCU

this is their home on deployment

They eat, sleep and work here ."

"This is the best possible sea

duty. An actual 'Enlisted

Command at Sea'," added. Bolin

"The chief is in charge of the craft

It's awesome duty."

29

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
warts

W

lien scientists began excavation of the Civil War

era submarine CSS H.L

Hunlety's ballast tanks in October,

they were doubtful any artifacts

would be found, but once again,

even after 140 years, H.L . Hunley

exceeds expectations

[wring the first week of excavation, a 19th century wooden cask

was uncovered at the bottom of the

submarine near the port side

Originally thought to have been

used to hold water or liquor, or even

used as a chamber pot, further excavation uncovered a few more clues

to its use

The cask is about 10 inches in

length and approximately eight

inches in diameter, had metal hoops

30

at either end, very much like a barrel

and appears to have been modified

for use as a bucket . It was partially

filled with orange-colored sediment,

not typical of the earlier sediment

found inside the sub

"I( contained a relatively heavy

and radio-dense substance that we

believe may be a lead-based caulking

material . Right next to the bucket lay

an iron tool in the shape of a chisel

that could be a caulking iron, used to

caulk or repair leaks in the submarine," said Maria Jacobsen, senior

archaeologist for the Hr nley./i project

~ A sample of the bucket's contents

has been sent to Clemson University

for material analysis,

During the excavation of the aft

ballast tank, scientists were slowed

The pocket watch that belonged to the Commanding Officer of the Civil War-era submarine (SS H.L

Hunley, IT George Dixon . The watch was retrieved from Hunley and archeologists hope to use it to determine the time the sub sank on February 1 7, 1864 . Artifacts like the watch are helping historians piece

together the reasons why Hunley did not return to port . (USN)

www.navymil/navpalib/cno/n76

down due to the discovery of a coil

of rope . The fragile, waterlogged

rope was carefully removed for conservation and documentation

Also during this time, archaeologists took the opportunity to revisit

the central crew compartment and

remove some of the heavier concreted artifacts from the area where

LI' George Dixon, funley's cominandc was stationed

Many of the objects excavated had

to be identified by X-rays because

they were not easily recognizable

Some of the objects recovered from

that area included a pocket watch, a

wrench, a hammer and three bolts . An

artillery button was also uncovered in

the center of the. crew compartment

"These tools raise questions as to

whether IT Dixon was working on

the submarine on the final night

making repairs or adjustments," said,

Sen. C.Jenn McConnell, chairman of

the 11uuleay Commission . "With the

condensation in the submarine and

the iron clad plates that are on the

floor of the sub apparently to raise

the crew's feet above the water

which would accumulate, it seems

Dixon would not have carelessly

kept these tools in the water on a

regular basis where they would corrode. Thris, it would suggest he was

possibly using the tools that night,

adding another clue to the operation

of the submarine and the cause of it

not returning home

"The evidential jigsaw puzzle gets

another piece of evidence as we put

together the detailed story of the

H.L . Hunley and its proud crew,"

added McConnell

Surface War ire

From Naval Historical

Center public affairs

Artifact found in forward

ballast tank of Hunley

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
Il

CoalwtIO nabs four su

U

.S . and e"oiahtll)al TililrrtrTIlE_`

interception forces (MIF)

operating in the North

Arabian Gulf apprehended iota suspected bandits Sept . 29 after they

allegedly robbed several cargo dhows

Coalition forces maintain a significant security presence in Iraqi waters

in support of United Nations Security

Council Resolution (JNSCR) 1483

Under 1483, coalition forces will provide law en_forcenaent and security

functions for the area until an Iraqi

naaritiane security force is established

Coalition maritime forces support

UNSCR 1483 to help facilitate the

normalization (commercial shipping for Iraq, which includes the prevention and prosecution of

smugglers, and to help thwart other

forms of illegal activity

At approximately 7 :30 p.m., several dhows made emergency radio

calls, claiming a speedboat with tour

men approached their vessels and

stole items at gunFpoint . USS Fl('f her .,

(F)D 992) directed its 511-0013 ,Sealiawk

helicopter from. I lelicopter AntiSubmarine Squadron Light (F ISL45)

45's "Wolf Mack" to investigate . The 1-

helicopter was already airborne

about 15 miles north of the dhows

supporting another mission when the

distress calls cane in . USS Fletcher

(DD 992) directed its 511-6 013 Sccahaawk

helicopter from l-ISI -45`s "Wolfpack"

to investigate, which was already airborne about I5 miles north of the

dhows supporting another mission

hen the distress calls came in,

Using their forward--looking

infrared radar, the San Diego-based

helicopter crew quickly found a small

speedboat with four persons loitering

in the area . Once the boat became

aware of the helicopter's presence, it

Winter 2004

P ct d

accelerated and headed o i

northerly course

Fletclrer dispatched its boarding

team in the destroyer's small boat,

which intercepted the speedboat after

a brief chase, The SH-60 crew na lintained constant aerial surveillance of

the speedboat, and aided Fletcher's

boarding team in the final moments

of the chase by hovering close over

the alleged thieves

Other assistance canoe from Royal

Australian Navy frigate 1 IMAS

Newcastle (FF(., 6), who dispatched a

liaison otticer and a translator to help

question the four suspects . l_1SS

l irelrnlt WC 10) then arrived on

scene, with Miami-based. U .S . Coast

Guard Law Enforcement Detachment

(LF,DET) 407, who performed a thorough search of the suspects sand

their vessel

www.navy.aaaiI/navpa .liL-)/cnca/n76

By LT Garrett Kasper

Commander, U .S . Naval Forces Central

Command/Commander 5th Fleet public affairs

t:

Members of coalition forces aboard USS firebolt (P 10) question one of the four suspected pirates in

the North Arabian Gulf (Coast Guard PA2 Kyle Nierru/USCG)

This is a ;rein example of how

coalition teamwork, coupled with

state-of-the-art technology, is neutralizing and deterring lawlessness in the

North Arabian Gulf," said CAPT

f ohn Peterson, who leads the MIF

and. commands Task Force 55 . "We

are helping to foster Iraq's reconstruction by enabling sate and lcgi i

mate commerce that empowers the

Iraqi economy and people ."

Coalition maritirnc,~ intercelt opc ration forces continue to operate in

5th Fleet's area of responsibility,

enforcing UNSCR 1483, Iraqi law,

and maintaining maritime security

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
a r i e *,,s

initiative, maintenance teams improving ship readiness

T

he shortest distance between

two points is a straight line

In ship maintenance, niany

Sailors can tell you the distance

between identifying something to

fix, and when it actually gets fixed, is

anything but

I-lowever, new waterfront rnainfenance practices recently introduced

straighten the line between those

two points- and . give Sailors pore say

in what and when things get fixed

These practices are part of SF LIPMAIN, a Navywide maintenance i .n i .-

tiative that builds a more effective

and efficient maintenance s ystem

SI IIPMAIN brings the maintenance

system in line with the Chief of

Naval Operations' Fleet Response

Plan, the Navy's roadmap to a surgecapable force

"As we look ahead to the Navy of

the 21st century, a fleet of ships

ready to surge and respond at a

naonaent's notice, operated by optimally manned crews of highly

skilled and trained Sailors," said

VADM Phillip Balislc, Cornrnander,

Naval Sea Systens ( .'ona.niand, "we

need an improved maintenance Systern to support that fleet ."

Presently, it a Sailor finds e(Iuipment in need of repair, they fill out a

"'"Kilo" (()PNAV Form 47')0/2K)

The 2K goes to the port engineer,

who sends it to a re gional

support );romp (RS(i) RSCG passes the

2K to a fleet technical support center

(ITS :) for all opinion and may

send someone to assess the ship's

equipment . FTS(' returns the 2K to

RSG, who determines where the

job goes : supervisor of shipbuilding

(SUPS! Ill'), or shore intermediate

maintenance activity (SIMA)

,`2

"A typical 2K could take a week or

two to process," said CAI"I 13ob

Butler of Naval Surface Force, U .S

Atlantic Fleet . "If the ship is

up against an operational schedule, a

CO might submit a casualty report to

get the equipment repaired before the

,ship gets underway, increasing the

cost of the work being perfornaed ."

51 III'MAIN uses maintenance

teams to identify and prioritize the

work and to determine when and

where the work is done

Maintenance learn members now

include a port engineer, represcntatives from SIMA, SUPSl III, FTSC,

and a representative from the ship

USS Benfold ([)DG 65), a San

Diego-based destroyer, was one of

the first ships to utilize a mainte •-

nanace team . CDR Mike Gilday, the

ship's CO, says there is a new synergy to shipboard maintenance

FN Arthur Deskin welds supporting struts to USS Kitty Hawk's (CV 63) deck as part of dry-dock

maintenance (PH3 Jason London/USN)

www.navy.mil/niavpalib/coo/n76

By JOC David Nagle

Naval Sea Systems Command public affairs

"The turnaround is incredible,"

said Gilday. "Jobs that used to take

one to two weeks to get screened are

now screened in 48 to 72 hours . The

ship's rep is prioritizing jobs ;

whereas, it used to be that unless the

CO picked tip the phone, that

wouldn't happen ."

So far, tests have been successful

with I I Norfolk-based ships, and

several others implemented last fall

from San Diego, Mayport, Fla ., and

Ingleside, Texas

"We are changing a culture that

ultimately affects every Sailor on the

waterfront," said VA DM Timothy

I .aFletrr, Conanaander, Naval Surface

Forces . "What will make Sl--lll'MAIN

really work is Sailors understanding

this change and making it part

of their dail y routine."

Sbfrface wa1f(7re

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No . 1
UHa

Surface orces revise

damage control doctrine

HT1 (SW/AW) John Gambar, a member of amphibious assault ship USS Keorsarge's RHD 3) Damage

Control Training Team (DM), helps run a Main Space Fire Drill . Commanding Officers now have a more

flexible damage control response available to them when in Condition II . They can call away individual

repair lockers for casually control rather than going to General Quarters (P112 Alicia Tasz/USN)

A

boardi a ship at seal, all

hands need to be proficient

firefighters . However, a new

approach to shipboard firefighting,

contained in a revision to the Surface

Force Repair Party Manual, recog_

ni?es that every fire doesn't require

all hands to fight it

The Repair Party Manual revision,

announced in a message from

Commander Naval Surface Forces

Sept. Q, reorganizes shipboard damage control for efficiency, aligning

best practices and policy, and gives

Commanding Officers (CC)) more

options in responding to damage,

such as fires and flooding

"In the past, if there was a small fire

aboard a ship, they would call away

the 'flying squad,' and investigators

Winter 2004

would make the decision whether

they would be able to handle it or

not," said T)(.CS(SW) Terry Nash, the

Naval Surface Forces statf damage

control export e "If they couldn't handle

it themselves, the only option for the

Co would be to call away general

quarters (GQ)."

All hands would then get

involved, according to Nash, and it

would take between 7 and 1() minutes to set boundaries dictated by

condition "Zebra ."

The new approach adds an intermediate response option called

Condition 11, which lies somewhere

between the rapid reaction of the flying squad and a shipwide GO, and

saves precious response tiaaae . It

allows Sailors manning important

www.naavv.mil/navpalib/ciio/n7 6

By Commander, Naval

Surface Forces, U .S . Pacific Fleet

public affairs

watch stations, such as on the bridge

or in the Combat Information Center,

to remain in those roles

"Now, instead of letting the fire

burn or the flooding continue while

you set Zebra shipwide, you can get

people to the scene and decide what

to do immediately," said. Nash . "The

great thing about Condition 11 is that

the CO can decide to brim in a single

repair locker, and if they can't handle

the damage themselves, he can bring

in another repair locker, or set GQ

He has that flexibility."

The development of the now (11111-

age control doctrine benefited from a

tremendous arm innt of deckplato input

"We did this with a lot of input

from the waterfront," said Nash, pointing out that the goal was to align policy with the best practices revealed

from damage control aboard I. )I-,S

Stark (FECC 31), USS Swiinel R. Roberts

FFC; h) and USS Cole (DDG, (i7)

"There's a culture change

involved, and we recognize that,"

said Nash . "girt the teedhack from

the waterfront has been very posi

tive, because everyone has had a

hand in offering their input ."

Surface ships are required to

implement the changes outlined in

the newly revised Repair Party

Manual this year. An electronic version of the changed instruction can

be found onn both Naval Surface

Forces Pacific and Naval Surface

Forces Atlantic web sites

hUPS: //extra cr~sp_niyy.rnil and

http ://wtN s cnsl peit .,nGavy mil

respectively - commands pray also

request compact discs by mail

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
34

ut'lfterS

o the memory of the

destroyermen of the

United States Atlantic Fleet

who gave their lives in peacetime service at sea" just raised letters and

words on a brass plaque bolted to a

large granite rock . But the words hold

a deep significance to all destroyermen

who served in the Atlantic Fleet the

last 1 .00 years . Commander, Naval

Surface Force, U .S . Atlantic Fleet

(COMNAVSURFLANT), recently conducted a rededication ceremony to reenforce that significance

"The importance of the destroyermen's rock lies not in what it is, but

rather in what it means," said RADM

Terrance Etnyre, COMNAVSURFLANT, and one of three guest

speakers. "CAPT Zucker and Fleet

Master Chief Heffernan will speak

more about the deep meaning we

ascribe to this memorial . It is not

"just a rock" any more than

Plymouth Rock is "just a rock ;" it has

meaning beyond its mere physical

existence. And, i t is our job as

destroyermen and surface warriors to

see that this meaning and legacy

lives on ."

Retired CAPT Channing Zucker,

Executive Director, Historic Naval

Ships Association and a member of

the local Tin Can Sailors Association

representing veteran destroyermen,

echoed Etnyre's comments

"The timing for this rededication

is particularly appropriate in that we

have just lebrated the destroyer

centennial-100 years of greyhounds," said Zucker, who served

aboard the destroyer USS Fecizteler

(DD 870), and the guided-missile

destroyers USS Dah(gren (DL,G 12)

and USS Richard E . Byrd (DDG 23)

"The rededication sends a clear signal to today's active and reserve

Sailors of the Atlantic Fleet that the

losses of those who went to sea

before them are recognized. and

remembered . It is very satisfying to

see that the men and women of the

'' RADM Terrance Etnyre, Commander, Naval Surface Force, U .S Atlantic Fleet, and retired (APT Channing Tucker, Executive Director, Historic Naval Ships Association

and Tin Can Sailors Association, unveil the Destroyermen's Memorial Rock at a rededication ceremony (PH2(AW) Benjamin Hvmmond/USN)

www.nav mi!/navpalib/cno/n76

717t

active duty Naval Surface Force

appreciate the sacrifices made by

Atlantic Fleet destroyermen over the

past century, and are bringing them

to the attention of the entire Navy

today with this ceremony."

In addition to Etnyre and Zucker,

FLTCM "Buck" Heffernan Jr.,

Atlantic Fleet Master Chief, was also

a guest speaker

Heffernan, representing today's

destroyermen, and appearing also, as

the Old Tar, the Sailor with the earliest recorded enlisted surface warfare

specialist qualification, evoked the

memories of all destroyermen by

vividly describing evolution"' at sea

"Only a true destroyerman could

recall bobbing like a cork at the end

of a fishing line when the power of

the ocean storms emerged from a

perfectly clear day. Few could ever

experience walking on a bulkhead

with those serious, but not uncommon rolls, or running up a ladder

only to find it disappear under us

Surface Warfare

l

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No . 1
Winter 2004

momentarily and slamming up

under us as we rode the swells

"Unless you served on the

destroyer you might not have known

what the spud locker was, or how we

held movie call on they fantail, the

same movie over and over, but then

again who cared it was a movie

Lastly, only a destroyerman could

know the significance of cutting

holes in the ocean on watch, defending America and her freedoms,

around the world, around the clock ."

Serving as Master of

Ceremonies was CAPT Cam

Ingram, Deputy and Chief of Staff,

COMNAVSU RFLANT

"With the ongoing construction at

the Fleet compound, the memorial

needed to be moved . RADM Etnyre

wanted to provide it a proper and fitting home When the memorial was

relocated to it,., new, more appropriate location, we wanted to take the

opportunity to call attention to the

ongoing service of our Surface Force

Sailors, many who are forward

deployed today."

The Destroyermen's Memorial

was originally near the destroyer

piers in Newport, Ri. At the time,

Newport hosted the headquarters

of Commander, Cruiser-Destroyer

Force, U.S . Atlantic Fleet

(COMCRU DESLANT)

By the early '70s, CrOMC;RUDESLANT and most of the surface ships changed homeports from

Newport to Norfolk, Va. The memorial

was brought to Norfolk by a destroyer

tender, and placed outside the POWMIA Chapel on the Atlantic Fleet compound . COMC RUDESL .ANT, in 1975,

was one of the organizations that combined to form COMNAVSURFLANT

Last spring, the Memorial was

moved and placed in a more pron'tinent locale, in front of building NHwww.navy.inil/navpalib/cno/n76

13, the COMNAVSURFLANT

Headquarters, where it will serve as

a continuing memorial to destroyermen of the Atlantic Fleet who lost

their lives in peacetime service at sea

More than 150 destroyermen, past

and present, attended the ceremony,

including RADM John Harvey Jr .,

Commander, Cruiser-Destroyer

Group 8, the third Master Chief Petty

of the Navy (M(PON) Bob Walker,

and Sailors from USS Briscoe (DL)

977), USS Donald Cook (DDG 75),

USS Gonzalez (UD() 66), USS

baboon (DDG 58), USS Monterey

(CG 61), USS Thorn OF) 988), and

USS Vella Gulf (CG 72)

A small reception was held following the ceremony, complete with food

and refreshments provided by the

By JOCM(SW) Kevin Copeland

Naval Surface Force, U .S

Atlantic Fleet public affairs

More than 150 destroyermen, past and present, attended the rededication of the Destroyermen's

Memorial Rock, including Sailors from USS Briscoe (DD 977), USS Donald Cook (DDG 75), USS

Gonzalez (DDG 66), USS Laboon (DDG 58), US5 Monterey ((G 61), USS Thorn (DD 988), and USS

Vella Gulf (CG 72) (JO(M(SW) Kevin (opeland/USN)

Hampton Roads Surface Navy

Association . As the guests began dissipating, everyone realized this was a

very special day

"This memorial is dedicated to

destroyermen everywhere whose sacrifices gave us the privilege of standing here today," said He ffernan. "A

memorial is something that is meant

to help people remember persons or

events . The rededication and placement of the destroy ermen's rock will

do just that . It will be a lasting and

visible memorial in the most significant of places, the home of the

destroyer Navy -- the Surface

Force I leadguarters ."

35

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
T

he Navy commissioned the

first Aegis cruiser, USS

Ticonderoga (CG 47), Jan. 22,

1983, and changed the shape of naval

warfare . The introduction of Aeg>is

marked a major expansion in naval

surface force capabilities, and indeed

the service as a whole

The Aegis system was developed to

counter the serious air and missile

threat that Soviet air and naval forces

posed to U .S . carrier battle groups and

other task forces . With Ticonderogaclass cruisers in company, battle group

commanders had weapons that could

deal comprehensively with massed

missile attacks, and ships could act as

effective anti-air warfare commandand-control platforms during an

engagement at sea

The foundation of Ticonderoga's

capabilities and the surface_ warships that followed -- is the Aegis

combat system, which coordinates

the operation of all sensors and

weapons. The heart of Aegis is the

Aegis Weapon System (AWS), which

is centered on the AN/SPY-.l radar,

the planar phased-array radar

mounted in the ship's superstructure

This system is inherently capable of

directing nearly 20 missiles at one

time. Moreover, Aegis integrates the

system with a crew of highly trained

operators to perform a variety of different functions

Aegis had its genesis in the air

defense challenges of World War 11

and the changing post-war operational environment . The Navy had

relied on layered air defenses that

combined Combat Air Patrols (CAP)

by carrier-based fighters, air-search

radars providing input to shipboard

6

By CAPT James P. McManamon

Director, Fleet Introduction and Lifetime Support Division,

Aegis Shipbuilding Program (PMS 400F)

A In 1984, USS Tkonderoga ((G 47) cruises off the coast of Beirut, Lebanon in support of Marines operating as part of a multinational peacekeeping force Tcanderoga was the first deployment of an Aegis warship . The United States mission in Beirut suffered a severe blow when the Marine barracks was destroyed in

a terrorist bombing Tkconderogo steamed into harm's way and provided U .S . commanders with capabilities

not found on any other single ship in the notion's arsenal . (HO

Combat Information Centers (CIC),

and ship-mounted anti-aircraft guns

But as the conflict neared its end,

Japanese kamikaze attacks in the

Pacific along with German guidedmissile technology made it clear to

Navy leadership the days of this type

of defense were numbered a fact

that became even clearer when the

Soviet Union introduced long-range

anti-ship missiles

In the '50s, the Navy attempted to

counter these and other Soviet air

threats by developing the "'I-T" series

of missiles Tales, Terrier, and Tartar

In the '60s, the Navy improved. air

defense coordination by developing

the Naval Tactical Data System

(NTDS) -- which replaced manpowerintensive plotting methods used in

www.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n76

CIC -- and the associated Link 11 data

link. NTDS ships shared radar contact information and created a common situational plot

Combined with NT DS, the resulting system worked well against a

small number of maimed aircraft or

missiles, the major threat of the era,

but could not effectively deal with

the rapidly growing Soviet anti-ship

missile threat, which continued to

expand through the '60s

To keep pace with this threat, the

Navy began work on the Typhoon air

defense system, built around longrange radar and medium- and longrange missiles . However, Typhoon

was soon canceled due to weight,

cost, and operational considerations

This led the Navy to establish the

Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
A USS Tronderoga (CG 47) refuels with battleship USS Iowa (88 61) in 1985 . The lironderoga-class guided-missile cruiser ushered in a new era in naval warfare with the Aegis combat system, giving commanders the anti-air warfare command-and-(ontrol packages of several ships in one platform

(PHI (SW) Jeff Hihon/USN)

Advanced Surface Missile System

(ASMS) in 1964

By the end of 1969, the ASMS program was renamed the Aegis program, and the radar developed as

part of ASMS would evolve into the

prototype AN/ SP'Y-l . On a parallel

track, the Navy built an improved

Standard Missile-1 (SM-1) to replace

the 3-Ts . SM-2 had improved flight

performance and a new guidance

system needed to complement the

Aegis Weapon System. During the

next decade and half, the Aegis

Program Office would develop and

deploy the integrated shipboard combat system that would change the

face of U.S . Navy operations

Regis cruisers

naval operations

Ticonderoga made the first deployment of an Aegis warship in October

1983, a tense period at the height of

the Cold War. In the Mediterranean, a

United States peacekeeping mission

in Lebanon suffered a severe blow

when the Marine barracks in Beirut

was destroyed in a terrorist bombing

Ticonderoga steamed into harm's way

Winter 2004

and provided U .S . commanders with

capabilities not found on any other

single ship in the nation's arsenal

About eight years after

Ticonderoga entered service, the

Soviet Union dismantled, the U .S

Navy had a new enemy to fight, and

a new way to conduct new types of

operations . Iraq's invasion of Kuwait

in 1990 highlighted the danger posed

by rogue regional powers bent on

conquest and war. To combat this

threat, the Navy emphasized littoral

offensive and defensive operations,

as part of a larger joint, multiservice,

multinational effort Aegis cruisers

protected U.S . and coalition ships

operating within the tight confines of

the Arabian Gulf and acted as a

linchpin in coalition maritime air

defense operations

Operation Desert Storm brought

Ticonderoga-class cruisers armed with

SM-2 surface-to-air missiles and

"Ibi nluawk Land Attack Missiles

(TLAM). The addition of Tomahawk

was particularly significant. For the

first time, warships could deliver a

precise offensive punch against enemy

targets deep inland; a capability

w. a y.mil/navpaaib/cno/n76

exercised. vigorously against Iraq and

later in southwest Asia and

the Balkans

Today, the Navy is engaged in

another type of conflict, a global

war on terrorism. Aegis warships --

cruisers and destroyers - played

important roles in Operation

End urittg Freedom, and launched the

first Tomahawk strikes of Operation

Iraqi Freedom

One key to the success of

Ticonderoga-class cruisers has been

the continual upgrade process and

enhancements carried out since 1983

Each new group of ships in the class

is more capable than its predecessors, incorporating technologies and

systems previously unavailable

Then, as technical, engineering, and

fiscal constraints permitted ; they

were "back-fitted" into earlier cruisers . This upgrade process allows the

Navy to incorporate new systems

and capabilities into existing cruisers

during the course of their service

lives, thereby keeping the entire

class current

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
US$ Nicholas visits

Neum, Bosnia and

Herzegovina

he guided-missile frigate USS Nicholas

(FFG 47) arrived in Neum, Bosnia, for a

goodwill port visit along with ADM

Gregory Johnson, commander, U .S . Naval

Forces Europe, who is visiting the seaport city to

meet with several political and military leaders

This port visit is historic in that it will be the

first by a U .S . Navy or any foreign ship since

1914. The visit underscores the United States'

commitment to Bosnia and Herzegovina's

progress toward membership in the European

family of nations as a free, democratic, stable

country at peace with its neighbors and itself

The visit also recognizes the established cooperation between the United States and Bosnia

and Herzegovina, in the ongoing effort to combat terrorism and the terrorists that threaten

our countries and other peace-seeking nations

around the world

While in port, approximately 200 crewmembers of Nicholas will have a chance to enjoy

sightseeing, shopping, and various recreational

activities, as well as participating in sporting

events and other exchanges with the citizens of

Bosnia and Herzegovina

38

USS Chafee joins the fleet

A

bout 6,000 friends, family, veterans, and guests joined in the

commissioning of the Navy's 40th Arleigh Burke-class

destroyer USS Chafee (DDG 90), named in honor of the late

Sen. John Chafee of Rhode Island . A decorated Marine Corps veteran of World War II and Korea, Chafee also served as Navy

Secretary before he was elected a U .S . senator

Commandant of the Marine Corps Gen. Michael Hagee said,

"Senator Chafee was a brave Marine. His legacy of patriotism,

honor, and courage are true examples for all of us ."

Speakers included U .S . Senators from Rhode Island Jack Reed

and Lincoln Chafee, son of the ship's namesake . "Today is a proud

day," said Reed. "This ship bears an even prouder name . Sen

Chafee helped make this a better Navy, country and world ."

Thousands cheered as

the namesake's widow

Virginia Chafee called "the

ship to life." The first watch

rushed aboard as loudspeakers blared "Anchors

Aweigh." From above, two

Marine Corps AV 813

Harrier 1.1 jets shared the

"sound of freedom" in paying tribute to the late senator and decorated veteran

Chafee is multimission

capable, to include strike

warfare with Tomahawk missiles, as well as anti-surface,

anti-submarine, and air

defense operations. The

ship can function as part of

a carrier strike group or

independently, and while

deployed carries two SH-60

Sea Hawk helicopters

A The newly commissioned guided-missile

destroyer USS Chafee (DDG 90) sails past Diamond

Head (rater en route its new homeport of Pearl

Harbor, Hawaii (PHI William Goodwin/USN)

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6 Surface Warfare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
Maritime interdiction exercise successful in Me

I

arships from four nations completed a maritime interdiction operation (MIO) exercise Oct . 17, 2003, training in

one of the world's hotbeds of maritime activity . Ships and military patrol aircraft searched the Western

Mediterranean Sea for two ships suspected of transporting weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to countries

known to harbor international terrorists

The multinational task group searched more than 12 hours when a French patrol aircraft located two Spanish Navy

auxiliary ships posing as cargo vessels smuggling WMD . A radio call brought four guided-missile frigates from France,

Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States to intercept and investigate

French Frigate FS Jacovet (F 754) and British Frigate HMS Somerset (F 82) arrived first . Upon challenge, the ship's

master allowed a search, but with nothing found, the cargo ship continued on its way

USS Nicholas (FFG 47) and Spanish Frigate SPS Navarra (F 85) flanked the other vessel, which refused to reduce

speed and alter course, even after several volleys of flares, warning shots, and further demands to stop engines

The two frigates moved in to "strangle" the ship as a UH-1 Huey helicopter with a Spanish commando team moved in

from behind . The Huey stayed low until the last minute when the pilot pulled up over the back of the ship dropping two

ropes to the deck. Commandos fastroped down and a heavily armed platoon secured the ship . An inspection

followed, discovering WMD, and

resulting in Spanish civilian authorities

in Valencia, Spain, taking control of the

ship and crew

This training exercise was the climax

of the Spanish-led SANSO 2003 MIO,

which military planners from the

Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)

had developed based on real-world

events . PSI is an 11-country association

of the United States, Spain, Italy, ~ :

Australia, Japan, Germany, France, A A boarding team departs from USS Nicholas (FFG 47) to board and inspect the French frigate FS

Poland, Portugal, the Netherlands, and Jacouvet (F 754) Nicholas participated in the Spanish-led SANSO 2003 phase of the Proliferation Security

the United Kingdom Initiative Exercise with armed forces from 11 countries (LT Corey Barker/USN)

No need to carry cash aboard newest warship

A

board USS Chafee (DDG 90), the U .S. Navy's newest and most advanced warship, you will find the latest

weaponry, engineering and communication capabilities. One thing you won't find, however, is cash

Chafee is the first ship to participate in an initiative designed to improve Sailors' personal finances . The program will provide Sailors more financial options, such as credit card capabilities and transfer of funds to specific shipboard savings, checking, and payroll transaction accounts, whether afloat or ashore

Additionally, the "Strip and Chip" card will also serve as a debit/ATM card elsewhere ashore

"Through this initiative, disbursing responsibilities will be much easier to execute," said ENS Brandolyn Roberts,

Chafee disbursing officer

For the individual Sailor, this card is an all-in-one banking system . Sailors can maintain and access multiple accounts

through one card

"My life is much easier through this system," said 1C3 Rodney Galloway. "I no longer carry loose change or ask a

shipmate to change a large bill . It is as simple as swiping this card into a vending machine or at the ship's store ."

Aboard Chafee, life will soon change through this banking innovation . Implementation of this strategy fleet wide is

under consideration to benefit Sailors whether underway or ashore

Winter 2004 www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76 39

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
I

By JOl Andrew Karalis

Managing Editor

----------- -- -

P K n m w a to C nt

T

he Surface Navy Association (SNA) announced the winners of their annual CAPT Raymond A

Konurrowski Photography Award . First Place went to LT Jennifer M . Krug, Second Place (Lie) PI 12

Christopher Jordon and P1-1 : Jonathan C_ :armichael, and I lonorable Mention PH2 Eric S . Logsdon . The

winning entries and other submissions (they are all zc iron rs) are reprinted here in a special Views Frcmr flee

flee! for others to see and enjoy

SNA received numerous outstanding su .ubmissions for its annual photo contest, co-sponsored by Surtiice

Warfio-r Magazine, making the task of choosing these four winners challenging to say the least

'I' he contest was open to both amateur and professional Navy photographers whose photos related

directly to naval surface warfare, and had not been published previously . The airn of the photography contest was to visually represent the surface warfare community's contributions to naval warfare and to educate

U .S . citizens in the purpose of the surface warfare mission

Winners were announced at the 1(th Annual SNA National Symposium, held in Washington, D .C ., Jan

13-16 'he first place prize winner received $500, second place $250 and honorable mention $50

A First Place winner : "Sea Power Demo" of USS Constellation (CV 64) Battle Group during the ship's lost Western Pacific deployment

(IT Jennifer Krug/NSN)

40 www navy.mil/navpalib/coo/n7 6 Stir cite War care

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
~P Second place (tie) : A Boatswain's Mate performs a Landing

Craft, Air Cushioned (LCAC) recovery in the well deck of LISS

Bataan (LHD 5) . The Amphibious Assault Ship departed Naval

Station Norfolk as part of a 40-ship sortie that put to sea ahead of

j Hurricane Isabel (PH3 Jonathan Cnnnirhael/USN)

!4 Second Place (tie): A Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure team

returns to USS Rodney M. Davis (FFG 60) from a Maritime

Interdiction Operation (PH2(AW) Christopher Jordan/USN)

Winter 2004 \v%\ navy. mil/navpalih/cno/n7

r W

We encourage your submission of

photographs for publication in this

recurring section of the magazine

Submissions may be sent as prints,

transparencies, or electronic files ( .jpg

or .tiff format at a minimum size of 5x7

inches at 266 dpi 300 dpi is preferred)

Address your submissions to :

Surface Warfare

"Views from the Fleet"

OPNAV N761M

2000 Navy Pentagon

Washington, DC 20350-2000

Photos sent as attachments to

e-mail should be sent to:

surfwarmag@navy.mit

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
About T K "

C

\1'I I .ivrnnnd K ti nrrowski (192fi-2002) wow the editor in chief (If Si,rf(R t' Warfare Magazine (SWM) from

`'eptt nrln i I')76 until August 1977, and continued to help shape and focus the content of S WM while serving on

the editorial hoard through the early 1990s_ Some say Komorowski was the inspiration behind getting the niagaine r,tart(,d in 1e)7) and that lie had a role in creating the surface warfare officer insignia (CAPI K hated it when anyone called It a "pin") during; the 197- -1976 time frame

Prior to ')t-VM, Kcrn)orowski retired from the Navy in 1975 after a 30-year career in which he commanded the guidedmis,ilt r rurwr lJ Mi4(in (( A( I I ) in combat operations off the coast of Vietnam ii) 1069, for which lie received a

Firorrir I ;t,rr I h a1,o r omm,inded a destroyer escort and a destroyer. I-lis shore, duty assignments included public informa(ion oltir er for the r riiiwr-destroyer force rn the Atlantk Fleet, the Navy Office of Legislative Affairs, and the Office

(WI tht' hint (if ti'atal pt'ratrnn, 11r' ako served as the chief of the NATO bran Ii in the mint Chiefs of Staff office

PH? hir S Logsdon received an honorable mention for

his photo of n Special Warfare Command rigid-hull inflatable

hoof oppromhing a ship

Guided-missile frigate USS Ford (FFG 54) and

guided missile destroyer USS Howard (DDG 83) steam

near San Clemente Island off the Southern California

coast (P1(2layme Pastorir/USN)

wwwbw navy mil/navl:palib/coo/n76 Stir face War fare

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
A USSe Ann Hall (LSD 44)

leads Amphibious Task Force last

through the Strait of Gibraltar during

a deployment in support of Operation

Enduring Freedom. (PHC(AW) Carol

Vernon/USN)

Winter 2004

> Destroyer USS Peterson (DD 969)

steams across the calm waters of the

Indian Ocean at sunset (PH2 Jayme

Pustorir,IUSN)

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www.navy.miI/navpalib/cno/n76 43

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Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N
44

How expert are you at identifying

surface combatants from foreign

navies? Can you tell whether a ship

on the horizon is an ally or an enemy?

It's time to test your slip identification skills . How about all of you manning the "big eyes" take a look at the

ship pictured to the right and let us

know what type of vessel it is, its

name and what nation operates it

Send your entry to

_:~ .!_ with Ship

Shape in the subject line . Be sure to

include your rate, name and ship or

unit of assignment, and a current

mailing address. The first individual

to provide the correct information

will receive recognition in the next

issue of Surface Warfare and a token

of our esteem for your professional

knowledge!

The token for this issue, a coin

from Commander, Naval Surface Warfare Center, goes to JOC Dave McBride, Commander Naval Surface Force U .S

Pacific Fleet public affairs . He was the first to provide us with the correct answer for our previous Ship Shape

"I believe the ship in question is the Peruvian . guided-missile frigate Montero (FM 53)," emailed McBride . "She was

laid down in October 1978, and subsequently commissioned in July 1984 . She is a Lupo-class frigate designed primarily

as a convoy escort, with some surface warfare capability. Iraq ordered four Lupos during the Iran-Iraq War. Eventually

completed, they were not delivered. and have been acquired by the Italian navy."

A This ship was conducting training maneuvers with seven other countries in the South China Sea during a

series of bilateral exercises in 2001 . What ship is it, what type/class, and what nation does it serve today?

(File Photo)

-" BAP Montero (FM 53), an Italian-built ipaclass guided-missile frigate, is one of four serving in the Peruvian navy. Iraq also ordered four LLpo-class frigates but did not receive them

because of a weapons embargo during the Iraq-Iran War (File photo)

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6 Surface War re

Winter 2004 Vol . 29 No
'77LF

In Memory of

ADM Thomas M. Moorer

Retired ADM T'honlas

Moorer, chairman of the joint

Chiefs of Staff 1970 - 1974 and

Chief of Naval Operations from

1967 - 197(1, died Feb . 5 at the

National Naval Medical Center

Bethe'sda, Md ., four days shy of

his 92"'d birthday. Moorer, a 1933

graduate of the U .S . Naval

Academy, is survived by his

wife, the former Carrie Ellen

Foy, and their four children

The 41-year Navy veteran

served as the seventh chairman

of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and

18th Chief of Naval Operations

In 1964, he commanded the

Pacific Fleet, followed one. year

later as commander of the

Atlantic Fleet and NATO's U.S

Atlantic Command, becoming

the first naval officer to command both the Pacific and

Atlantic Fleets

At Moorer's retirement ceremony, Secretary of Defense

James R . Schlesinger presented a

second Department of Defense

Distinguished Service Medal for

extraordinairy performance of

duty and exceptional achievement as chairman of the joint

Chiefs of Staff from Jan . 1973 to

June 1974 . The citation read in

part, "1 particularly note that

Torn Moorer has always put his

country's interests before anything else, and it is this duality I

recognize in presenting him the

only oak leaf cluster ever given

to the Defense Distinguished

Service Medal ."

IWinter 2004 Vol . 29 N
Winter 2004 Vol . 29 N