FILED 

May 18, 2018 No. 18-0034 – State ex rel. Smith v. Sims released at 3:00 p.m. 

EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 

Loughry, J., dissenting: OF WEST VIRGINIA 

While including unnecessary hyperbole and unsupported accusations against 

the prosecuting attorney, the majority pays mere lip service to the controlling law in this 

matter. Under the well-established test for obtaining a re-trial based upon newly discovered 

evidence, the moving party has the burden of showing, inter alia, that he was “diligent in 

ascertaining and securing his evidence, and that the new evidence is such that due diligence 

would not have secured it before the verdict” and that the evidence “ought to produce an 

opposite result at a second trial on the merits.” Syl., in part, State v. Frazier, 162 W.Va. 935, 

253 S.E.2d 534 (1979) (citation omitted). The defendant has failed to meet this burden. 

Accordingly, he is not entitled to a new trial. See Anstey v. Ballard, 237 W.Va. 411, 422, 787 

S.E.2d 864, 875 (2016) (stating that all Frazier factors must be proven for award of new 

trial). 

The purported “new” evidence in this case is the testimony of Mr. Banks, who 

claims that as he and Mr. Coleman were running away from their shootout with the defendant 

outside of the American Legion bar, they immediately happened upon a second, unrelated, 

shooter in a nearby alley, and that this other shooter is the person who inflicted the fatal 

gunshot wound to Mr. Coleman. Setting aside the seeming absurdity of Mr. Banks’s claim 

for a moment, it is clear that the defense could have secured this information before the trial. 

1
 
 

 

 

 

 

Indeed, Mr. Banks’s presence at the crime scene was known to both the 

prosecution and defense counsel from the beginning of this case, and he was included on 

each side’s witness list. Ten days after the indictment was returned against the defendant, 

the State provided the defense with a valid address in Cleveland, Ohio, where Mr. Banks 

could be reached. 1 Although defense counsel reportedly believed that the address was 

incorrect and that Mr. Banks did not wish to be found, the defense team never actually tried 

to contact Mr. Banks at this location. The defense lawyers never sent any letters to the 

address, never visited nor tried to telephone any occupants of this address, and never 

attempted to have a subpoena served upon Mr. Banks at this address. Moreover, the defense 

team had retained the services of a private investigator, yet never directed the investigator 

to visit the address or otherwise take steps to locate Mr. Banks. The defense even received, 

in discovery, a criminal background report on Mr. Banks that included information that could 

have been used to contact him, but this information was not pursued, either. According to 

the testimony presented during the hearing on the motion for a new trial, the only affirmative 

action that defense counsel took to contact Mr. Banks was to send a text message to a 

telephone number obtained from one of Mr. Banks’s acquaintances. It is abundantly clear 

1

The address was for the home of Mr. Banks’s sister. During the hearing on the 

motion for a new trial, Mr. Banks agreed that this was his “home base,” the closest thing he 

had to a home address, and that he could easily be contacted at this address. In fact, he 

admitted receiving mail about this same case that was sent to the address. 

2
 
 

 

 

 

to me that if the defense team had exercised due diligence, they could have located Mr. 

Banks before trial. 

Critically, it is also unlikely that this so-called “newly discovered evidence” 

would have produced an opposite result at trial. The State’s evidence included footage from 

video security cameras showing the defendant firing a handgun at Mr. Coleman and Mr. 

Banks while the defendant was standing on an elevated position on the steps of the American 

Legion bar. Although Mr. Coleman was able to flee the scene, he was found, lying with a 

gunshot wound, in the vicinity of the American Legion bar. Mr. Coleman died later that 

night, and the State presented uncontested expert testimonythat the fatal wound was inflicted 

from a bullet that entered the left side of his abdomen and continued laterally and downward 

to the right pelvis area. This trajectory is consistent with having been shot from a gun held 

by a shooter standing at a position above the victim, as the defendant had done. Further, 

although a police officer testified that Mr. Banks gave “a [w]hole bunch of different stories” 

about what had transpired on the night in question, Mr. Banks never told police that the third 

person, Mr. Saunders, was the shooter. And, Mr. Saunders has denied any involvement. 

Finally, as to shell casings found in the alley, the State elicited testimony that those casings 

were in a weathered condition, indicating they had been in the alley well before the murder 

occurred. In short, the defendant’s “newly-discovered evidence” is wholly contradicted and 

not likely to lead to a different outcome at trial. 

3
 
 

 

 

 

 

Regarding the majority’s unfounded implication that the prosecuting attorney 

somehow violated her obligation to ensure that justice was done, the majority does little more 

than make generalized statements about Brady v. Maryland and Berger v. United States. 

Notably absent is any explanation concerning how the prosecutor supposedly ran afoul of the 

law of these cases. There is no suggestion that the prosecutor knew, but failed to disclose, 

that Mr. Banks would accuse Mr. Saunders of being the shooter. Furthermore, the record 

establishes that the State timely provided the defense with an accurate address for Mr. Banks. 

Although one of the defense lawyers testified that he came to doubt whether Mr. Banks lived 

at that address, he never accused the State or any police officer of knowingly providing false 

information. Finally, the State was under no obligation to call Mr. Banks as a witness. The 

majority’s insinuations about prosecutorial misconduct, and lofty talk about “the very 

integrity of the criminal justice system” being “at stake” in this post-trial proceeding, do little 

to obfuscate the defendant’s failure to prove an entitlement to a new trial. 

Based upon my review of this matter, I am left with the firm conviction that 

the trial court exceeded its authority when granting the defendant a new trial. The jury’s 

verdict in this matter should stand. Because I would grant the State’s petition for prohibition, 

I respectfully dissent. 

4