COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA Present: Judges Kelsey, Haley and Beales Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia

ALFRED LEE SPIVEY MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY v. Record No. 1913-06-1 JUDGE D. ARTHUR KELSEY DECEMBER 27, 2007 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF PORTSMOUTH Dean W. Sword, Jr., Judge Stacie A. Cass, Assistant Appellate Defender (Office of the Appellate Defender, on briefs), for appellant. Karen Misbach, Assistant Atto rney General II (Robert F. McDonnell, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

On appeal, Alfred Lee Spivey challenges the evidentiary sufficiency of his conviction for possession of heroin in violation of Code § 18.2- 250. The evidence at tr ial proved that a police officer found Spivey slumped over in the passenger seat of a vehicle with a syringe in one hand and a heroin capsule in the other. He had bl ood on the back of his left hand from a puncture wound. Spivey was unconscious. The officer arrest ed the intoxicated driv er of the vehicle (who said he did not know Spivey) and called for medics to attend to Spivey. The medics arrived and revived Spivey. The officer searched the vehicle and found three more syringes under the driver’s seat. Spivey was charged with possessing the heroin capsule in his hand. A suspect’s actual, physical po ssession of drugs permits the inference that he knowingly possessed them aware of their il legal nature and character. See Hunley v. Commonwealth , 30 Va. App. 556, 562, 518 S.E.2d 347, 350 (1999); Armstrong v. Commonwealth , 29 Va. App. 102, 114, 510 S.E.2d 247, 252-53 (1999); Hamilton v. Commonwealth , 16 Va. App. 751, 754, 433

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opin ion is not designated for publication.- 2 - S.E.2d 27, 29 (1993); Josephs v. Commonwealth , 10 Va. App. 87, 101, 390 S.E.2d 491, 498-99 (1990) ( en banc ). “When the drugs are found in the ac tual, physical possession of the accused, knowledge of where they were and the defendant’s as sertion of domini on are virtually incontrovertible; such possession is also evidence that the accused knew what he possessed.” Ronald J. Bacigal, Virginia Practice Series: Criminal Offenses & Defenses 166 (2007-08) (emphasis in original); see also State v. Reid , 566 S.E.2d 186, 192 (N.C. Ct. App. 2002) (stating that the “knowing possession” element can be inferred from “actual possession”). Spivey acknowledges this inference but claims the trial court, sitting as factfinder, should have rejected the inference and adopted the a lternative hypothes is that someone (perhaps the drunken driver) put the heroin capsule in Spivey’s hand while he was unconscious (thus negating any inference of knowing possession). This hypoth esis of innocence, however, was never raised in the trial court, Commonwealth v. Hudson , 265 Va. 505, 514, 578 S.E.2d 781, 786 (2003) (limiting appellate review only to hypotheses of innocence “advanced by the accused at trial”), relies solely on the “imagination of defense counse l” rather than any specific evidentiary support,

Walker v. Commonwealth , 42 Va. App. 782, 793, 595 S.E.2d 30, 35 (2004), and could have been rejected by the factfinder in any event, Haskins v. Commonwealth , 44 Va. App. 1, 8-10, 602 S.E.2d 402, 405-06 (2004) (characterizing the reas onableness of the hypothe sis of innocence as a question of fact subject to deferential appellate review). 1 We affirm Spivey’s conviction for possession of heroin in violat ion of Code § 18.2-250.

Affirmed.

1 “The Commonwealth is not required to prove that there is no possibility that someone else may have planted, discarded, abandoned or placed the contraband where the contraband is discovered.” Kromer v. Commonwealth , 45 Va. App. 812, 819, 613 S.E.2d 871, 875 (2005) (citation and brackets omitted); see also Kelly v. Commonwealth , 41 Va. App. 250, 260-61, 584 S.E.2d 444, 449 (2003) ( en banc ).