DOE/EIA-0584 (2009) 

Annual Coal Report 

2009 

U.S. Energy Information Administration 

Office of Oil, Gas, and Coal Supply Statistics 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Washington, DC 20585 

________________________________________________________________________________ 

This report is available on the Web at: 

http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/coal/acr/acr.pdf

________________________________________________________________________________ 

This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of 

Energy. By law, EIA’s data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The 

views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the U.S. Department of Energy or other Federal agencies. 
ii U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Contacts 

This publication was prepared by Paulette Young under 

the direction of James Kendell, Director, Office of Oil, 

Gas, and Coal Supply Statistics with the U.S. Energy 

Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. 

General information about the data in this report can be 

obtained from Paulette Young at (202) 586-1719, or 

email at paulette.young@eia.gov. Specific questions 

concerning the Executive Summary should be directed to 

George Warholic at (202) 586-2307, or email at 

george.warholic@eia.gov. Other questions on coal 

statistics should be directed to the National Energy 

Information Center within the Office of Communications 

and Outreach at (202) 586-8800 or email at 

infoctr@eia.gov.
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 iii

Preface 

The Annual Coal Report (ACR) provides information 

about U.S. coal production, number of mines, prices, 

productivity, employment, productive capacity, and 

recoverable reserves to a wide audience, including 

Congress, Federal, and State agencies, the coal industry, 

and the general public. This report is published by the 

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill 

data collection and dissemination responsibilities as 

specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 

1974 (Public Law 93-275), as amended. 

This report presents annual data on coal production, 

prices, recoverable reserves, employment, productivity, 

productive capacity, consumption, and stocks. U.S. coal 

production, employment, and productivity are based on 

the U.S. Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health 

Administration’s Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine 

Employment and Coal Production Report.” Prices, 

recoverable reserves, and productive capacity are based 

on EIA’s annual survey form, EIA-7A, “Coal Production 

and Preparation Plant Report.” 

This report is the 34th annual report on coal production 

published by EIA and continues the series formerly 

included in the Minerals Yearbook published by the 

Bureau of Mines. All data for 2009 and prior years are 

final. 

The Office of Oil, Gas, and Coal Supply Statistics 

acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents in 

supplying the information published in the Annual Coal 

Report and appreciates the valuable assistance of State 

coal mining agencies and the U.S. Department of Labor, 

Mine Safety and Health Administration. 
iv U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Contents 

Coal Production ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Productive Capacity ............................................................................................................................................................... 27

Recoverable Reserves............................................................................................................................................................. 31

Employment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Productivity ............................................................................................................................................................................ 43

Domestic Markets .................................................................................................................................................................. 51

Average Mine Sales Price ...................................................................................................................................................... 55

Average Consumer Prices ...................................................................................................................................................... 65

Glossary .................................................................................................................................................................................. 67
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 v

Tables 

1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2009, 2008 ............................................................... 12

2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2009 .......................................................... 14

3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2009 ............................................................................... 18

4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2009 ...................................................................................... 19

5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2009 ..................................................... 20

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2009 ......................................................................... 21

7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2009 ..................................................................................... 22

8. Coal Disposition by State, 2009 ..................................................................................................................................... 23

9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2009 ........................................................................................................................................ 24

10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2009 .................................................................................................................................. 25

11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2009, 2008 .............................................................................................. 28

12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2009, 2008 .............................................................................................. 29

13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 2009 ......... 30

14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2009, 2008 .................. 32

15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve 

Base by Mining Method, 2009 ....................................................................................................................................... 33

16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and 

Mining Method, 2009 .................................................................................................................................................... 34

17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production 

Range and Mine Type, 2009 .......................................................................................................................................... 35

18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2009, 2008 .......................................................................... 38

19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 2009 ....... 39

20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2009 ........................ 41

21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2009, 2008 .................................................................................... 44

22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2009 ................................................................ 46

23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2009 ..................................................... 47

24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2009 ...................................................................... 49

25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2009 .................................................................................... 52

26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2009, 2008 .............................................. 53

27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division and State, 2009, 2008 ............................................................... 54

28. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2009, 2008 ................................................................................ 56

29. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2009 ............................................................ 57

30. Average Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2009 ................................................................ 58

31. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2009 .......................................................................................... 62

32. Average Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2009 ............................................................ 63

33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2009 ................................................................................. 64

34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2009, 2008 .................................. 66
vi U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 1

Executive Summary 

Highlights 

Between 2008 and 2009: 

 U.S. coal production decreased 8.3 percent to 

1,074.9 million short tons, 96.9 million short tons 

below 2008’s record level. 

 Coal consumption decreased 11.0 percent, mostly 

due to slumping economic conditions as well as 

the milder winter and cooler summer weather 

experienced in many parts of the U.S. in 2009. 

 Coal stocks were at record levels, reaching 233.0 

million short tons at the end of 2009. 

 Coal mine employment was 87,755 in 2009, a 

decrease of 1.0 percent from the 2008 level. 

 Coal mine productivity decreased by 5.9 percent 

to 5.61 tons per miner per hour, slightly below 

the 1996 level of 5.69 tons per miner per hour. 

U.S. coal production in 2009 decreased 8.3 percent to 

1,074.9 million short tons, 96.9 million short tons below 

the 2008 record level of 1,171.8 million short tons (Table 

ES1), according to data from the U.S. Energy Information 

Administration (EIA). In 2009 U.S. coal consumption 

decreased in all sectors while total coal stocks increased 

for the year. Coal consumption in the electric power 

sector in 2009 was down 10.3 percent, while coking coal 

consumption decreased 30.6 percent and the other 

industrial sector declined 16.7 percent. The commercial 

and institutional sector (which prior to 2008 had been 

called ‘residential and commercial’), the smallest of all the 

coal-consuming sectors, declined 8.4 percent in 2009. 

(Note: All percentage change calculations are done at the 

short-tons level.) 

The decline in coal consumption during the year was the 

result of domestic economic conditions combined with the 

weather in 2009, which resulted in lower demand for 

electricity. Total generation in the electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers, 

including useful thermal output) in the U.S. decreased in 

2009. Coal-based generation also decreased, resulting in a 

107.0 million short ton drop in coal consumed in the 

electric power sector. Coal use in the non-electricity 

sector decreased by 20.2 percent to a level of 63.9 million 

short tons. 

The international coal markets for most of 2009 were 

reflective of a worldwide economic slowdown. U.S. coal 

exports and imports both declined for the year. U.S. coal 

exports totaled 59.1 million short tons, a decrease of 22.4 

million short tons from the 2008 level, while coal imports 

ended the year at 22.6 million short tons, 11.6 million 

short tons below the 2008 level. 

Most U.S. coal prices continued to increase in 2009, even 

as the spot market prices declined from the highs of the 

previous year. In the domestic markets in 2009, the 

electric utility price-per-short-ton increase was 7.6 

percent, but just 2.5 percent for independent power 

producers. Coking coal prices had the greatest increase 

domestically, climbing by 21.1 percent, while the price for 

the other industrial sector increased by 2.3 percent and the 

commercial and industrial sector rose by 12.5 percent in 

2009. Overall coal prices in the international markets 

increased in spite of the slowing world economy. 

Production 

 

U.S. coal production decreased considerably in 2009, 

dropping by 8.3 percent to a level of 1,074.9 million short 

tons (Figure ES1 and Table ES1), 96.9 million short tons 

less than the 2008 production total. The decline in coal 

production in 2009 was the largest percent decline since 

1958 (when production declined by 16.7 percent) and the 

largest tonnage decline since 1949 (when production 

dropped by 176.1 million short tons). All three coalproducing regions had decreases in coal production, with 

two showing significant declines. Excluding refuse 

production, production levels in the Appalachian and 

Western Regions decreased 12.5 percent and 7.7 percent, 

respectively, in 2009, while the Interior Region remained 

essentially unchanged with a decrease of 0.5 percent 

(Table ES2). The Appalachian Region’s production 

decreased by 48.8 million short tons, while the Western 

Region’s 2009 production dropped by 48.6 million short 

tons. Coal production in the Interior Region decreased by 

775 thousand short tons. 

Appalachian Region 

The Appalachian Region’s coal production in 2009 was 

341.4 million short tons, a decrease of 12.5 percent, or 

48.8 million short tons, its lowest level in almost 50 years. 

This decline was primarily driven by the domestic and 

international economic situation, which reduced 

consumption and exports, combined with the lower 

natural gas prices that prevailed during most of the year. 

The drop in demand for coal by all domestic coalconsuming sectors combined with the increasing coal 

stock levels at electric power plants reduced coal 

production. Ohio was the only State in the Appalachian 

Region that had an increase in coal production in 2009, 

and one of only six States in the nation to have a higher 

level of coal production for the year. 
2 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Coal production in Ohio in 2009 increased by 1.2 million 

short tons, or 4.8 percent, to end the year at 27.5 million 

short tons, the highest level in a decade. Even though 

many of the 46 mines in the State had lower production in 

2009 (including one mine that had a drop of 0.8 million 

short tons), increases at other mines more than offset these 

decreases. The 2009 increase in production was largely 

the result of higher production levels at four mines and the 

opening of one new mine in the State. 

Ohio Valley Coal’s Powhatan No. 6 mine increased 0.9 

million short tons in 2009, while Harrison Resources’ 

Sexton No. 2 mine and Oxford Mining’s Rice No. 1 mine 

each increased their production levels by 0.5 million short 

tons. Ohio American Energy’s Salt Run mine increased 

0.4 million short tons in 2009 and Gatling Ohio’s 

Yellowbush mine produced a total of 0.3 million short 

tons in its first year of production. 

West Virginia, the largest coal-producing State in the 

Appalachian Region and the second largest in the U.S., 

had the largest tonnage decline in the region in 2009, 

decreasing by 20.7 million short tons to 137.1 million 

short tons, 13.1 percent below the 2008 level, and its 

lowest level since 1993 when a prolonged miners strike 

affected coal production. In 2009 there were 17 mines in 

West Virginia that had a production decrease of at least 

0.5 million short tons per mine. Two of the 17 mines 

were abandoned, Patriot Coal’s Europa mine and Arch 

Coal’s Coal Mac No. 68 mine, while the others were idled 

for some portion of the year as coal operators tried to 

balance their supply to consumers decreasing demand. 

Fourteen of the 17 mines were located in the southern 

portion of West Virginia which is classified as part of the 

Central Appalachian region, as identified by the coal 

industry. On a positive note for 2009 coal production in 

West Virginia, there were six mines that had an increase 

of at least 0.7 million short tons over their 2008 level and 

one new mine, Patriot Coal’s Hill Fork mine. Two of the 

mines with increased production levels, Patriot Coal’s Hill 

Fork mine and Federal No.2 mine, are in northern West 

Virginia which is considered part of Northern Appalachia. 

The other four mines with increased production levels, 

Figure ES1. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region, 2009 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2008) 

Regional totals do not include refuse recovery 

U.S. Total: 1,074.9 Million Short Tons (-8.3%) 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report, 2009, DOE/EIA-0584(2009) (Washington, DC, December 2010).
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 3

Massey Energy’s Slabcamp, Consol Energy’s Republic 

mine, Upper Big Branch, and Arch Coal’s Coal Mac 

Holden No. 22 mine, are located in southern West 

Virginia. 

Eastern Kentucky, which is identified as part of Central 

Appalachia, produced 74.7 million short tons of coal in 

2009, a decrease of 17.2 percent or 15.5 million short tons 

below the 2008 level and at its lowest production level 

since the early 1970’s. In 2009 there were seven mines in 

However, in 2009 there were also two mines in Eastern 

Kentucky that had increases in their coal production levels 

of 0.5 million short tons or more. They were: Alpha 

Natural Resources’ Mine No. 9A and Big Branch West 

mine. There was also one new mine that produced 0.5 

million short tons in 2009, Massey Energy’s MTR Wolf 

Creek mine. 

Table ES1. U.S. Coal Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 2008-2009 

 (Million Short Tons and Dollars per Short Ton) 

Item 2008 2009 

Production by Region 

 Appalachian 390.2 341.4 

 Interior 146.6 145.8 

 Western 633.6 585.0 

 Refuse Recovery 1.4 2.7 

Total 1,171.8 1,074.9 

Consumption by Sector 

 Electric Power 1,040.6 933.6 

 Coke Plants 22.1 15.3 

 Other Industrial Plants 54.4 45.3 

 Commercial/Institutional * 3.5 3.2 

Total 1,120.5 997.5 

 

Year-End Coal Stocks 

 Electric Power 161.6 189.5 

 Coke Plants 2.3 2.0 

 Other Industrial Plants 6.0 5.1 

 Commercial/Institutional 0.5 0.5 

 Producers/Distributors 34.7 35.9 

Total 205.1 233.0 

 

Average Delivered Price 

 Electric Utilities $41.32 $44.47 

 Coke Plants $118.09 $143.01 

 Other Industrial Plants $63.44 $64.87 

 Commercial/Institutional $86.50 $97.28 

 

Average U.S. Open Market Mine Price $31.25 $33.24 

 

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sum of stock changes and consumption 

may not equal production, primarily because the supply and disposition data are obtained from different surveys. 

 *Commercial/Institutional was formerly (2008) Residential/Commercial. 

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2009, Tables 1; 26; 27; 28; and 34; DOE/EIA-0584 

(2009) (Washington, DC, December 2010). 
4 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table ES2. U.S. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region and State, 2008-2009 

 (Million Short Tons)

Coal-Producing Region 

and State 2008 2009 

Appalachian Total 

 

 390.2

 

 341.4 

 Alabama 20.6 18.8 

 Kentucky, Eastern 90.3 74.7 

 Maryland 2.9 2.3 

 Ohio 26.3 27.5 

 Pennsylvania Total 65.4 58.0 

 Anthracite 1.7 1.7 

 Bituminous 63.7 56.2 

 Tennessee 2.3 2.0 

 Virginia 24.7 21.0 

 West Virginia 157.8 137.1 

 Northern 41.1 38.4 

 Southern 116.7 98.7 

Interior Total 146.6 145.8 

 Arkansas 0.1 0.0 

 Illinois 32.9 33.7 

 Indiana 35.9 35.7 

 Kansas 0.2 0.2 

 Kentucky, Western 30.1 32.6 

 Louisiana 3.8 3.7 

 Mississippi 2.8 3.4 

 Missouri 0.2 0.5 

 Oklahoma 1.5 1.0 

 Texas 39.0 35.1 

Western Total 

 

 633.6 

 

 585.0 

 Alaska 1.5 1.9 

 Arizona 8.0 7.5 

 Colorado 32.0 28.3 

 Montana 44.8 39.5 

 New Mexico 25.6 25.1 

 North Dakota 29.6 29.9 

 Utah 24.4 21.7 

 Wyoming 467.6 431.1 

 

Refuse Recovery 1.4 2.7 

U.S. Total 1,171.8 1,075.0 

Note: Totals may not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2,

“Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

Pennsylvania produced 58.0 million short tons, a decrease 

of 11.4 percent from 2008 or 7.4 million short tons, its 

lowest level in over 100 years. While the two largest 

mines in the State, Consol Energy’s Enlow Fork mine and 

Bailey mine (also the two largest underground mines in 

the U.S.) both produced at about the same level in 2009 as 

in 2008, declines by many other mines resulted in 

Pennsylvania’s coal production dropping for the year. In 

2009 there were declines in coal production of at least 0.5 

million short tons by four mines in the State. The largest 

decline at a mine in Pennsylvania was 1.8 million short 

tons at Consol Energy’s Blacksville No.2 mine which was 

idled for a period of time during the year. (This mine is 

classified by the Mine Safety and Health Administration 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 5

as being in West Virginia where coal was first produced). 

EIA classifies it as a Pennsylvania mine because the mine 

has progressed north from its opening portal and the coal 

that is currently being mined is in the State of 

Pennsylvania.) There was also a decrease in production of 

1.3 million short tons at Consol Energy’s Mine 84 as it 

was placed into nonproducing status during the latter part 

of 2009. Decreases in coal production of 0.8 million short 

tons and 0.5 million short tons for the year at Alpha 

Natural Resources’ Emerald No. 1 and Cumberland 

mines, respectively, also contributed to the 2009 decline 

in coal production.

Coal production in Virginia decreased in 2009 by 3.5 

million short tons to 21.0 million short tons, a decline of 

14.9 percent and its lowest level since the mid-1950’s. 

Four mines accounted for over 40 percent of the decrease 

in coal production for the year in the State. Consol 

Energy’s Buchannan mine had the largest decrease of any 

mine in the State, a drop of 0.7 million short tons as a 

result of a short-term idling to help balance supply with 

the lower demand due to the economic downturn. The 

other three mines were A & G Coal Corporation’s Sigmon 

Strip No. 23, Sawmill Hollow No. 1 mine and Guest 

Mountain Mining’s Mine No. 3, which decreased 

production by 0.5 million short tons, 0.3 million short 

tons, and 0.4 million short tons, respectively. However, 

coal production at two mines that began operating during 

2008 increased by 0.3 million and 0.4 million short tons in 

2009. One new 2009 mine produced 0.4 million short 

tons. 

In 2009 coal production in Alabama totaled 18.8 million 

short tons, 8.8 percent lower than the 2008 level. 

Although there was an increase of 0.5 million short tons at 

Jim Walter Resources’ No 7 mine, decreases at most of 

the other mines in the State brought overall production 

down for the year. Declines of 0.5 million short tons at 

both Drummond Company’s Shoal Creek mine and Jim 

Walter Resources’ No. 4 mine were the largest for the 

State. Declines in total coal production in 2009 were 

experienced by Maryland and Tennessee, which ended the 

year at 2.3 million short tons and 2.0 million short tons, 

respectively. 

Interior Region 

Coal production in the Interior Region in 2009 was 145.8 

million short tons, comparable to the 2008 production 

level. This region had the smallest decrease in production 

in the U.S. for the year. While the total coal production 

for the region was basically unchanged, that was not 

necessarily the case for each individual State’s production 

levels in 2009. Two of the four largest coal-producing 

areas (Illinois and Western Kentucky) in the region had 

increased levels of production levels in 2009 when 

compared to 2008. The production level in Texas, the 

other large coal-producing State in the Interior Region, 

decreased by 10.1 percent. Thus, Texas fell from the 

number one coal-producing State in the Interior Region to 

number two. 

Western Kentucky had the largest increase in coal 

production in the Interior Region in 2009, increasing by 

2.6 million short tons to reach a total of 32.6 million short 

tons. This is the fifth year in a row that Western 

Kentucky experienced growth in coal production and the 

2009 increase of 8.5 percent was primarily a result of the 

opening of four new mines during the year. The opening 

of Armstrong Coal’s Parkway and Eastfork mines, as well 

as River View Coal’s River View mine and Oxford 

Mining’s K O mine together added 2.3 million short tons 

of coal to the annual total. 

Coal production in 2009 in Illinois increased by 2.5 

percent to end the year at a total of 33.7 million short tons. 

Peabody Energy’s Vermillion Grove mine, which was 

idled during the first part of the year, experienced a nearly 

1 million short ton drop in coal production, while Knight 

Hawk Coal’s Creek Paum mine saw a decrease of 0.5 

million short tons. However, the increase in production of 

1.0 million short tons by American Coal Company’s 

Galatia mine, along with an increase of 0.6 million short 

tons by Knight Hawk Coal’s Prairie Eagle mine, offset 

those losses. An increase in coal production in 2009 of 

0.4 million short tons by Mach Mining’s Mach No. 1 mine 

combined with the opening of Knight Hawk Coal’s Prairie 

Eagle South mine and the restart of MaRyan Mining’s 

Shay No 1 mine (formerly Monterey Coal Company No. 1 

mine) accounted for most of Illinois increased production 

level. 

Indiana produced a total of 35.7 million short tons in 

2009, a decrease of 0.7 percent or 0.2 million short tons, 

but that was enough to retain its position as the largest 

coal-producing State in the Interior Region. Although 

there were large decreases in production at several mines 

including a drop of 1.8 million short tons by United 

Minerals’ Discovery mine and a drop of 0.6 million short 

tons at both Vigo Coal’s Cypress Creek mine and Solar 

Sources’ Craney mine, increases in production at four 

mines in Indiana as well as production at two new mines 

resulted in the increase in coal production for 2009. The 

four mines that had the higher production totals in 2009 

were: United Minerals’ West 61 mine, which rose 1.3 

million short tons; Sunrise Coal’s Carlisle mine, which 

increased 0.7 million short tons; and both Peabody 

Energy’s Francisco mine and Little Sandy Coal 

Company’s Antioch mine, which increased 0.5 million 

short tons each. 

Texas coal is lignite, the lowest rank of coal with the 

lowest amount of energy (or Btus), and the vast majority 

of the coal is used in the electric power sector, primarily at 

mine-mouth facilities. Total coal production in Texas for 

2009 was 35.1 million short tons, a decrease of 10.1 
6 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

percent. Eight of the twelve mines in Texas had declines 

in coal production in 2009, with three of those mines 

accounting for the majority of the decrease. The three 

mines are Luminant Mining’s Winfield South Strip and 

Tatum Strip, and Westmoreland Coal Company’s Jewett 

mine, down by 2.1, 1.4, and 0.9 million short tons, 

respectively. 

The other States in the Interior Region (Arkansas, Kansas, 

Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Oklahoma), which 

together produced 8.7 million short tons of coal, 

accounted for a total of 6.0 percent of the entire region’s 

production in 2009. Of these States, only Mississippi and 

Missouri had increases in their coal production from their 

prior year levels. 

Western Region 

Although the Western Region is volumetrically the largest 

coal-producing region in the U.S., in 2009 coal production 

there declined by 7.7 percent to a total of 585.0 million 

short tons, ending a five-year increasing production trend. 

The decrease of 48.6 million short tons resulted in a 

production level comparable to what was produced in 

2005. Only two of the eight States in the Western Region 

(Alaska and North Dakota) had an increase in coal 

production for the year. 

 

Of all the coal-producing States in the Western Region, 

Alaska, with one mine, has the smallest level of 

production. However, in 2009, it had the largest increase 

in production, 383 thousand short tons, or 26.0 percent, 

and ended the year with a total of 1.9 million short tons. 

North Dakota produced 29.9 million short tons of coal in 

2009, an increase of 318 thousand short tons or 1.1 

percent. There are four mines in North Dakota and in 

2009 two of the mines, Falkirk Mining’s Falkirk mine and 

Coteau Property’s Freedom mine, had increased 

production levels that were more than enough to offset the 

declines experienced at the other two mines, 

Westmoreland Coal’s Beulah mine and BNI Coal’s Center 

mine. 

Once again, Wyoming was the largest coal-producing 

State in the nation, a position it has held for two decades. 

In 2009, however, coal production in Wyoming fell for 

the first time in 17 years. Total coal production in 

Wyoming in 2009 was 431.1 million short tons, an annual 

decrease of 36.5 million short tons, or 7.8 percent. Even 

with this decline, Wyoming still dominates U.S. coal 

production. In 2009, Wyoming production accounted for 

73.7 percent of the Western Region production total; was 

89.7 million short tons were more than the entire 

Appalachian Region’s production and almost three times 

the Interior Region’s; and it accounted for more than 40 

percent of the total U.S. coal production for the year. 

Although overall Wyoming coal production decreased in 

2009, there were five mines that had a production 

increase. Alpha Natural Resources’ Eagle Butte mine 

experienced the largest increase in coal production at any 

mine in Wyoming, producing 21.5 million short tons, an 

increase of 1.0 million short tons or 5.1 percent over the 

2008 level. Peabody Energy’s North Antelope Rochelle 

mine was again the largest coal mine not only in 

Wyoming, but in the entire U.S. in 2009, producing a total 

of 98.3 million short tons, an increase of 0.7 million short 

tons or 0.7 percent. This one mine produced more coal 

than any State in the nation but two, West Virginia and 

Kentucky. The other three mines in Wyoming that had 

higher production in 2009 increased by less than 190 

thousand short tons. During the second half of 2009, Arch 

Coal closed on its purchase of the Jacobs Ranch mine 

from Rio Tinto and subsumed it into the adjacent Black 

Thunder mine. Had this been counted as one mine for the 

entire year, it would have had the largest decline in coal 

production of any Wyoming mine, a drop of 20.6 million 

short tons. It also would have been the largest mine in the 

U.S. with a total of 110.1 million short tons, down from 

the 2008 level of 130.7 million short tons. Other 

Wyoming mines that had decreases in 2009 coal 

production of at least 1 million short tons were: Peabody 

Energy’s Caballo mine, down 8.0 million short tons; 

Peabody Energy’s Rawhide mine, down 2.6 million short 

tons; Cloud Peak Energy’s Antelope mine, down 1.8 

million short tons; and Arch Coal’s Coal Creek mine, 

down 1.7 million short tons. 

In 2009, Montana, the second largest coal-producing State 

in the Western Region, produced a total of 39.5 million 

short tons, a decrease of 11.8 percent or 5.3 million short 

tons. Although there was an increase in production at 

Signal Peak Energy’s Bull Mountain mine of 0.6 million 

short tons, the decreases in coal production at Western 

Energy’s Rosebud mine of 2.7 million short tons and 

Decker Coal’s Decker mine of 2.4 million short tons in 

2009 accounted for the majority of the decline. Colorado, 

the third largest coal-producing State in the Western 

Region, had a decrease in coal production for 2009 of 3.8 

million short tons, or 11.7 percent, to end the year at 28.3 

million short tons. Although three of the eleven mines in 

the State had increases in coal production in 2009, the 

decrease in Colorado’s total production was accounted for 

primarily by three mines: Bowie Resources’ Bowie No. 2 

mine, which decreased 1.6 million short tons; Arch Coal’s 

West Elk mine, which dropped 1.4 million short tons; and 

Colowyo Coal’s Colowyo mine, which decreased 1.3 

million short tons. 

Utah was the only other State in the Western Region that 

showed a major decrease in coal production in 2009, 

declining by 10.9 percent to end the year at a total of 21.7 

million short tons. Only one of the eight mines in the 

State increased its production in 2009, Consol Energy’s 

Emery mine, which increased 0.2 million short tons. The 

majority of the decrease in coal production in 2009 in 

Utah was the result of the declines at two mines: Canyon 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 7

Fuel’s Dugout Canyon mine and West Ridge Resources’ 

West Ridge mine, which decreased 0.9 and 0.7 million 

short tons, respectively. Total coal production in both 

Arizona and New Mexico declined by 0.5 million short 

tons in 2009. 

Employment 

The number of employees in U.S. coal mines increased in 

2009 by 1.0 percent to 87,755 and included increases at 

both underground and surface mines. Although the net 

change in employees in Kentucky was negative, Western 

Kentucky had the largest increase in total employees, with 

458 more employees on the payroll in 2009, followed by 

Indiana, where number of employees increased by 352. 

Although there was an increase in employment at the 

national level, there were ten States (Alabama, Arkansas, 

Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, 

Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia) whose number of 

employees decreased in 2009. 

 

Productivity 

 

In 2009, productivity at coal mines in 2009 declined on a 

national level by 5.9 percent to a level of 5.61 tons per 

miner per hour, just slightly lower than the 1996 

productivity level of 5.69 tons per miner per hour. Only 

three States (Alaska, Kansas, and New Mexico) increased 

productivity in 2009. Both underground and surface 

mining suffered productivity declines at the national level. 

Underground productivity dropped in 2009 by 5.0 percent 

to a level of 2.99 short tons per miner per hour. Surface 

productivity decreased in 2009 by 6.1 percent to a level of 

9.22 short tons per miner per hour. All three coalproducing regions had declines in productivity in 2009, 

with the largest decline in the Western Region and the 

smallest in the Interior Region. Total productivity in the 

Appalachian Region decreased by 7.4 percent in 2009 to 

2.70 short tons per miner per hour. This drop was a 

reflection of the decrease in both underground 

productivity in the region, which declined by 5.5 percent, 

and surface productivity, which decreased 10.1 percent in 

2009. Total productivity in the Interior Region declined 

by 7.2 percent to a level of 4.47 short tons per miner per 

hour in 2009. Underground productivity in the Interior 

Region decreased by 3.2 percent to a level of 3.56 short 

tons per miner per hour, while the surface productivity 

declined by 10.3 percent to a level of 5.72 short tons per 

miner per hour. Total productivity in the Western Region 

in 2009 decreased by 8.4 percent to 18.25 short tons per 

miner per hour. Productivity in underground mines in the 

Western Region dropped by 10.8 percent to 5.56 short 

tons per miner per hour, while surface productivity 

decreased by 7.4 percent to a level of 23.86 short tons per 

miner per hour. 

Consumption 

Total U.S. coal consumption was 997.5 million short tons, 

a decrease of 123.1 million short tons, or 11.0 percent, 

with all of the coal-consuming sectors having lower 

consumption for the year. Although all sectors had 

declines, the electric power sector (electric utilities and 

independent power producers), which consumes about 94 

percent of all coal in the U.S., is the overriding force for 

determining total domestic coal consumption. In 2009, 

the recession’s downward pressure on electricity 

production resulted in a large decrease in coal 

consumption for the sector. Coal consumption in the 

electric power sector decreased 10.3 percent or 107.0 

million short tons to end 2009 at 933.6 million short tons. 

Coal-based electricity generation in kilowatthours 

decreased at a slightly higher rate of 11.6 percent, 

reflecting increasing volumes of lower Btu western coals 

(subbituminous and lignite) to generate electricity. In 

2009, total generation in the electric power sector declined 

by 4.1 percent nationally. The decline in total generation 

for the year was a direct result of the large loss in 

generation by coal and a slight loss in generation by the 

nuclear sector. Nuclear power generation decreased in 

2009 by 0.9 percent. The three other specified categories 

(natural gas; hydro; and petroleum and other sources1

) had 

increases in their respective generation levels in 2009, 

with natural gas generation providing the largest increase 

in the number of kilowatthours. The 4.3 percent increase 

in electricity generation by natural gas was result of the 

large decline in natural gas prices. The average wellhead 

price of natural gas in 2009 was $3.71 per thousand cubic 

feet, a decrease of 53.4 percent from the 2008 average 

price of $7.96 per thousand cubic feet. 

Generation 

The economy and the weather (as measured by heating 

and cooling degree-days) are the two major factors that 

drive total electricity demand in the U.S. In 2009, the 

economy contracted as the Gross Domestic Product 

1

 This category includes electric generation from petroleum liquids, petroleum 

coke, other gases, wood and wood wastes, municipal solid wastes, and agriculture 

products, other biomass, geothermal, solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, wind and 

miscellaneous technologies. 
8 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

(GDP) of the U.S. declined by 2.4 percent from 2008. The 

weather was also a factor in the decline of total electricity 

generation in 2009. The winter weather across a large 

portion of the country was somewhat warmer than it was 

in 2008 as well as warmer than the normal 30-year 

average. According to data from the National Oceanic 

and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), heating 

degree-days in 2009 were 0.7 percent lower than normal 

and essentially unchanged from 2008 for the country as a 

whole. The summer weather in 2009 as measured in 

cooling degree-days was 1.0 percent lower than normal 

and 3.8 percent lower than the level experienced in 2008, 

which resulted in less need for electricity to run airconditioners and therefore lower demand for electricity 

generation. 

 

Of the nine Census Divisions, coal is a minor component 

(less than 20 percent) in the fuel mix for electricity 

generation in two divisions, New England and Pacific, and 

a major component (more than 50 percent) in four 

divisions, East North Central, West North Central, East 

South Central, and Mountain. In the other three divisions, 

coal is one of two main fuel sources for the electric power 

sector. In the Middle Atlantic, coal competes with nuclear 

power for dominance, while in the West South Central 

and South Atlantic coal competes with natural gas. 

 

In 2009, all nine Census Divisions had a decline in total 

electricity generation as well as a decline in coal-based 

generation, with a resulting large decrease in coal 

consumption for the electric power sector. Total coal 

consumption in the electric power sector fell by 107.0 

million short tons in 2009, with two of the Census 

Divisions, the South Atlantic and the East North Central, 

accounting for more than half of the drop. 

The South Atlantic Census Division typically accounts for 

about 20 percent of total U.S. electricity generation, while 

the East North Central Census Division typically accounts 

for about 16 percent of the total. Coal is the primary fuel 

for electricity generation in both of these Census 

Divisions. In 2009 total generation in the South Atlantic 

Census Division decreased by 5.8 percent (Table ES3) 

while coal-based generation decreased by 18.4 percent. 

The decline in coal-based electricity generation in 2009 in 

the South Atlantic resulted in a decrease in coal 

Figure ES2. Electric Power Sector Consumption of Coal by Census Division, 2009 

 (Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2008) 

U.S. Total = 933.6 (-10.3%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report.” 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 9

consumption of 31.9 million short tons, down 17.8 

percent, to end the year at 148.0 million short tons. As a 

consequence of the drop in coal consumption in the South 

Atlantic Census Division, coal stocks at power plants 

increased in 2009 by 49.6 percent to end the year at 40.2 

million short tons. This increase of 13.3 million short tons 

accounted for almost half of the total increase in coal 

stocks in the electric power sector at the national level. 

Both natural gas and hydroelectric generation increased in 

the South Atlantic Census Division in 2009. Natural gas 

generation increased by 20.4 percent in 2009, as some 

power producers took advantage of the low natural gas 

prices to run generators, supplanting some of the need for 

coal-based generation. The share of natural gas 

generation in the South Atlantic increased to 22.1 percent 

in 2009, up from the 2008 level of 17.3 percent, while the 

share of coal-based generation in the division dropped to 

46.2 percent in 2009 from the 2008 level of 53.4 percent. 

In 2009, total generation in the East North Central Census 

Division declined by 7.9 percent, while coal-based 

generation declined by 9.6 percent. While there were 

gains in natural gas, petroleum, and renewable generation 

in this division, these three sources are a small portion of 

its total generation, together accounting for less than 7 

percent of the annual generation. Coal generally accounts 

for about 70 percent of generation in the East North 

Central Census Division, making it the single largest coalconsuming Census Division for the electric power sector. 

It usually accounts for just under one-quarter of total U.S. 

coal consumption in the electric power sector. The 

decrease in coal-based generation in the East North 

Central Census Division in 2009 resulted in a decrease in 

coal consumption of 21.9 million short tons, a decline of 

9.2 percent. 

In the East South Central Census Division, coal is the 

dominant fuel for generation. In 2009 total generation in 

this division decreased by 5.4 percent, while coal-based 

generation declined at a much higher rate of 19.2 percent. 

The decline in coal generation resulted in a decrease in 

coal consumption of 19.4 million short tons to a level of 

94.7 million short tons, a drop of 17.0 percent from the 

2008 level. Coal stocks held by power plants in the East 

South Central Census Division increased in 2009 by 6.1 

million short tons to end the year at 21.0 million short 

tons. Generation by natural gas in the East South Central 

Census Division increased its share in 2009 to 15.1 

percent from 2008’s 11.2 percent. 

Total generation in the Middle Atlantic Census Division 

in 2009 decreased by 2.9 percent; coal-based generation 

was the only category to show a decline in kilowatthours 

for the year. The decrease in coal generation in this 

division was 15.4 percent, causing a drop of 29.8 percent 

in coal’s share of the division’s generation, down from the 

34.2 percent it represented in 2008. Coal consumption in 

the electric power sector in the Middle Atlantic Census 

Division in 2009 declined by 9.5 million short tons, or 

14.2 percent. Natural gas generation, the category that 

experienced the largest percent increase in 2009 in the 

division, increased by 10.1 percent. 

In the West South Central Census Division coal competes 

with natural gas as the primary source for electric power 

generation. Coal accounted for about 39.6 percent and 

Table ES3. Electric Power Sector Net Generation,

 2008-2009 (Million Kilowatthours) 

Census 

Division 2008 2009 

Percent 

Change 

New England 

 Coal 18,574 14,378 -22.6

 Total 120,414 115,559 -4.0

 

Middle Atlantic 

 Coal 144,107 121,873 -15.4

 Total 420,613 408,625 -2.9

 

East North 

Central 

 Coal 456,001 412,245 -9.6

 Total 648,598 597,221 -7.9

 

West North 

Central 

 Coal 231,980 224,237 -3.3

 Total 317,700 312,197 -0.6

 

South Atlantic 

 Coal 417,623 340,900 -18.4

 Total 782,576 737,117 -5.8

 

East South 

Central 

 Coal 238,479 192,613 -19.2

 Total 373,425 353,240 -5.4

 

West South 

Central 

 Coal 233,072 220,819 -5.3

 Total 564,345 557,209 -1.3

 

Mountain 

 Coal 212,268 199,822 -5.9

 Total 375,705 365,799 -2.6

 

Pacific 

 Coal 16,733 14,235 -14.9

 Total 374,453 362,769 -3.1

 

U.S. Total 

 Coal 1,968,838 1,741,123 -11.6

 Total 3,974,349 3,809,737 -4.1

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-923, 

“Power Plant Operations Report.” 
10 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

natural gas accounted for about 36.2 percent of the 

Division’s generation. Total generation in 2009 in the 

electric power sector in the West South Central Census 

Division decreased by 1.3 percent, while coal-based 

generation declined at a higher rate of 5.3 percent. 

Natural gas generation declined at a lower rate of 0.7 

percent. Total coal consumption in 2009 for the electric 

power sector in the West South Central Census Division 

decreased by 8.7 million short tons, or 5.6 percent, ending 

the year at a total of 147.1 million short tons. 

Over half of the electricity generated in the Mountain 

Census Division is derived from coal. In 2009, total 

generation in the Mountain Census Division declined by 

2.6 percent, with coal-based generation declining by 5.9 

percent. Total coal consumption in the electric power 

sector in the Mountain Census Division decreased in 

2009, ending the year at 110.0 million short tons, a 

decline of 6.7 million short tons. 

In the West North Central Census Division, coal is the 

dominant source for electric power generation accounting 

for more than 72 percent of the division’s generation. 

Total generation in 2009 in the electric power sector 

declined by 0.6 percent, the smallest decline of any of the 

nine Census Divisions. Coal-based generation in the 

division decreased by 3.3 percent in 2009. Total coal 

consumption in 2009 for the electric power sector in the 

West North Central Census Division decreased by 5.1 

million short tons, or 3.4 percent, ending the year at a total 

of 144.3 million short tons. 

Total electric power sector generation in the New England 

Census Division declined in 2009 by 4.0 percent, while 

coal-based generation declined by 22.6 percent. However, 

coal accounts for 12.4 percent of total generation in the 

New England Census Division and in 2009 total coal 

consumption for electricity generation decreased by 2.1 

million short tons, ending the year at a total of 6.3 million 

short tons. 

Total generation in the Pacific Census Division in 2009 

decreased by 3.1 percent, while coal-based generation 

decreased by 14.9 percent. Coal accounts for less than 

four percent of total generation in the Pacific Census 

Division and in 2009 total coal consumption for electricity 

generation declined by 14.1 percent to end the year at 8.9 

million short tons. 

Coal consumption in the non-electric power sector 

(comprised of the other industrial, coking coal, and the 

commercial and institutional sectors) declined for the fifth 

year in a row in 2009. Coal consumption at coke plants 

decreased by 6.7 million short tons to end the year at 15.3 

million short tons, a decline of 30.6 percent. The decline 

in U.S. coke production in 2009 was a result of the year’s 

economic downturn, when several steel plants idled 

production for extended periods of time in response to the 

world-wide drop in demand for their products. 

 

In 2009 the manufacturing sector in the U.S. also declined 

as a consequence of the recession. As a result, coal 

consumption in the other industrial sector decreased by 

9.1 million short tons to end the year at 45.3 million short 

tons, a drop of 16.7 percent. Within the manufacturing 

economic sector of the North American Industry 

Classification System (NAICS), all of the manufacturing 

subsectors showed lower coal consumption for 2009. All 

of the five major coal-consuming manufacturing 

subsectors had large decreases in coal consumption for 

2009. The declines ranged from 0.7 million short tons in 

the food manufacturing segment to 3.7 million short tons 

in the nonmetallic mineral products segment. Also 

contributing to the overall decline in consumption for the 

other industrial sector were the following: The primary 

metal manufacturing segment, which decreased 1.2 

million short tons; the chemical manufacturing segment, 

which dropped 1.4 million short tons; and the paper 

manufacturing segment, which decreased 1.5 million short 

tons. Coal consumption in the commercial and 

institutional sector decreased 8.4 percent in 2009, ending 

the year at 3.2 million short tons. 

Coal Stocks 

Total coal stocks at the end of 2009 were 233.0 million 

short tons, a record level and an increase of 27.8 million 

short tons from the prior year, surpassing the previous 

record level set in 1980. Estimated coal stocks held by 

producers and distributors were higher by 3.5 percent, as 

coal producers added to their stockpiles as consumers 

postponed some of their receipts and deferred deliveries to 

the future. Industrial users, including coke plants, held a 

total of 7.1 million short tons at the end of 2009, 1.3 

million short tons below the level at the start of the year. 

Commercial and institutional users had comparable level 

of coal stocks at the end of 2009 as they had in the 

beginning of the year with 0.5 million short tons. Coal 

stocks in the electric power sector increased for a fourth 

consecutive year in 2009. The electric power sector ended 

the year with a record level of coal stocks of 189.5 million 

short tons, an increase of 27.9 million short tons, or 17.3 

percent over the 2008 level and 6.5 million short tons 

higher than the previous end-of-year record level set in 

1980. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 11

Coal Production 
12 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2009, 2008 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

2009 2008 Percent Change 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama ..................................................... 57 18,796 59 20,611 -3.4 -8.8

 Underground ............................................ 7 11,505 8 12,281 -12.5 -6.3

 Surface ..................................................... 50 7,291 51 8,330 -2.0 -12.5

Alaska ......................................................... 1 1,860 1 1,477 - 26.0

 Surface ..................................................... 1 1,860 1 1,477 - 26.0

Arizona ....................................................... 1 7,474 1 8,025 - -6.9

 Surface ..................................................... 1 7,474 1 8,025 - -6.9

Arkansas .................................................... 2 5 2 69 - -93.3

 Underground ............................................ 1 4 1 67 - -94.1

 Surface ..................................................... 1 1 1 2 - -63.2

Colorado ..................................................... 11 28,267 12 32,028 -8.3 -11.7

 Underground ............................................ 8 22,199 8 24,370 - -8.9

 Surface ..................................................... 3 6,068 4 7,659 -25.0 -20.8

Illinois ......................................................... 22 33,748 19 32,918 15.8 2.5

 Underground ............................................ 13 28,407 11 27,055 18.2 5.0

 Surface ..................................................... 9 5,342 8 5,863 12.5 -8.9

Indiana ....................................................... 33 35,655 30 35,893 10.0 -0.7

 Underground ............................................ 7 12,797 6 12,223 16.7 4.7

 Surface ..................................................... 26 22,858 24 23,670 8.3 -3.4

Kansas ........................................................ 1 185 2 229 -50.0 -19.4

 Surface ..................................................... 1 185 2 229 -50.0 -19.4

Kentucky Total .......................................... 449 107,338 469 120,323 -4.3 -10.8

 Underground ............................................ 198 63,152 216 69,474 -8.3 -9.1

 Surface ..................................................... 251 44,186 253 50,849 -0.8 -13.1

 Eastern ...................................................... 425 74,719 446 90,258 -4.7 -17.2

 Underground ............................................ 186 37,170 205 44,143 -9.3 -15.8

 Surface ..................................................... 239 37,549 241 46,116 -0.8 -18.6

 Western ..................................................... 24 32,619 23 30,064 4.3 8.5

 Underground ............................................ 12 25,982 11 25,331 9.1 2.6

 Surface ..................................................... 12 6,637 12 4,733 - 40.2

Louisiana .................................................... 2 3,657 2 3,843 - -4.8

 Surface ..................................................... 2 3,657 2 3,843 - -4.8

Maryland ................................................... 22 2,305 21 2,860 4.8 -19.4

 Underground ............................................ 2 495 2 753 - -34.3

 Surface ..................................................... 20 1,811 19 2,107 5.3 -14.1

Mississippi .................................................. 1 3,440 1 2,842 - 21.1

 Surface ..................................................... 1 3,440 1 2,842 - 21.1

Missouri ..................................................... 2 452 2 247 - 83.1

 Surface ..................................................... 2 452 2 247 - 83.1

Montana ..................................................... 6 39,486 6 44,786 - -11.8

 Underground ............................................ 1 776 1 168 - 360.9

 Surface ..................................................... 5 38,710 5 44,617 - -13.2

New Mexico ................................................ 5 25,124 5 25,645 - -2.0

 Underground ............................................ 1 6,499 1 7,046 - -7.8

 Surface ..................................................... 4 18,625 4 18,599 - 0.1

North Dakota ............................................. 4 29,945 4 29,627 - 1.1

 Surface ..................................................... 4 29,945 4 29,627 - 1.1

Ohio ............................................................ 46 27,501 48 26,251 -4.2 4.8

 Underground ............................................ 11 17,307 11 17,053 - 1.5

 Surface ..................................................... 35 10,194 37 9,198 -5.4 10.8

Oklahoma ................................................... 10 956 7 1,463 42.9 -34.7

 Underground ............................................ 1 384 1 441 - -12.7

 Surface ..................................................... 9 572 6 1,023 50.0 -44.1

Pennsylvania Total .................................... 244 57,979 266 65,414 -8.3 -11.4

 Underground ............................................ 48 48,679 51 53,318 -5.9 -8.7

 Surface ..................................................... 196 9,300 215 12,095 -8.8 -23.1

 Anthracite ................................................. 64 1,731 66 1,701 -3.0 1.8

 Underground ............................................ 9 176 13 241 -30.8 -27.0

 Surface ..................................................... 55 1,555 53 1,459 3.8 6.6

 Bituminous ................................................ 180 56,248 200 63,713 -10.0 -11.7

 Underground ............................................ 39 48,503 38 53,077 2.6 -8.6

 Surface ..................................................... 141 7,745 162 10,636 -13.0 -27.2

Tennessee ................................................... 25 1,996 23 2,333 8.7 -14.4

 Underground ............................................ 8 842 5 789 60.0 6.8

 Surface ..................................................... 17 1,154 18 1,544 -5.6 -25.3

Texas ........................................................... 12 35,093 11 39,017 9.1 -10.1

 Surface ..................................................... 12 35,093 11 39,017 9.1 -10.1

Utah ............................................................ 8 21,718 9 24,365 -11.1 -10.9

 Underground ............................................ 8 21,718 9 24,365 -11.1 -10.9

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 13

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2009, 2008 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1

2009 2008 Percent Change 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

 

Virginia ...................................................... 108 21,019 114 24,712 -5.3 -14.9

 Underground ............................................ 55 12,938 65 15,806 -15.4 -18.1

 Surface ..................................................... 53 8,081 49 8,907 8.2 -9.3

West Virginia Total .................................. 283 137,127 301 157,778 -6.0 -13.1

 Underground ............................................ 170 80,887 186 88,369 -8.6 -8.5

 Surface ..................................................... 113 56,240 115 69,409 -1.7 -19.0

 Northern .................................................... 39 38,395 43 41,123 -9.3 -6.6

 Underground ............................................ 20 33,148 22 34,109 -9.1 -2.8

 Surface ..................................................... 19 5,247 21 7,013 -9.5 -25.2

 Southern .................................................... 244 98,732 258 116,655 -5.4 -15.4

 Underground ............................................ 150 47,739 164 54,260 -8.5 -12.0

 Surface ..................................................... 94 50,993 94 62,395 - -18.3

Wyoming .................................................... 20 431,107 20 467,644 - -7.8

 Underground ............................................ 1 3,472 1 3,501 - -0.8

 Surface ..................................................... 19 427,635 19 464,143 - -7.9

 

Appalachian Total ..................................... 1,210 341,443 1,278 390,218 -5.3 -12.5

 Underground ............................................ 487 209,824 533 232,512 -8.6 -9.8

 Surface ..................................................... 723 131,619 745 157,705 -3.0 -16.5

 Northern .................................................... 351 126,180 378 135,647 -7.1 -7.0

 Underground ............................................ 81 99,629 86 105,234 -5.8 -5.3

 Surface ..................................................... 270 26,551 292 30,413 -7.5 -12.7

 Central ...................................................... 802 196,467 841 233,959 -4.6 -16.0

 Underground ............................................ 399 98,690 439 114,997 -9.1 -14.2

 Surface ..................................................... 403 97,777 402 118,962 0.2 -17.8

 Southern .................................................... 57 18,796 59 20,611 -3.4 -8.8

 Underground ............................................ 7 11,505 8 12,281 -12.5 -6.3

 Surface ..................................................... 50 7,291 51 8,330 -2.0 -12.5

Interior Total ............................................. 109 145,811 99 146,586 10.1 -0.5

 Underground ............................................ 34 67,574 30 65,117 13.3 3.8

 Surface ..................................................... 75 78,237 69 81,469 8.7 -4.0

Illinois Basin Total .................................... 79 102,023 72 98,875 9.7 3.2

 Underground ............................................ 32 67,186 28 64,609 14.3 4.0

 Surface ..................................................... 47 34,837 44 34,267 6.8 1.7

Western Total ............................................ 56 584,981 58 633,597 -3.4 -7.7

 Underground ............................................ 19 54,664 20 59,450 -5.0 -8.1

 Surface ..................................................... 37 530,317 38 574,147 -2.6 -7.6

 Powder River Basin ................................. 17 455,503 17 495,964 - -8.2

 Underground ............................................ - - - - - -

 Surface ..................................................... 17 455,503 17 495,964 - -8.2

 Uinta Region ............................................. 16 49,104 17 55,578 -5.9 -11.6

 Underground ............................................ 14 43,410 15 48,343 -6.7 -10.2

 Surface ..................................................... 2 5,694 2 7,235 - -21.3

 

East of Miss. River .................................... 1,290 446,906 1,351 491,935 -4.5 -9.2

West of Miss. River ................................... 85 625,330 84 678,467 1.2 -7.8

 

U.S. Subtotal .............................................. 1,375 1,072,236 1,435 1,170,401 -4.2 -8.4

 

Refuse Recovery ........................................ 32 2,688 23 1,408 39.1 90.9

 

U.S. Total ..................................................  . 1,407 1,074,923 1,458 1,171,809 -3.5 -8.3

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
14 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Underground Surface Total 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama .................................................... 7 11,505 50 7,291 57 18,796

 Cullman .................................................... - - 2 122 2 122

 Fayette ...................................................... 1 2,706 - - 1 2,706

 Franklin .................................................... - - 2 158 2 158

 Jackson ..................................................... - - 3 185 3 185

 Jefferson ................................................... 2 2,486 8 1,172 10 3,658

 Marion ...................................................... - - 2 198 2 198

 Shelby ...................................................... 1 126 5 388 6 514

 Tuscaloosa ................................................ 2 6,085 7 1,491 9 7,576

 Walker ...................................................... 1 101 19 3,148 20 3,250

 Winston .................................................... - - 2 429 2 429

Alaska ........................................................ - - 1 1,860 1 1,860

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division ....................... - - 1 1,860 1 1,860

Arizona ...................................................... - - 1 7,474 1 7,474

 Navajo ...................................................... - - 1 7,474 1 7,474

Arkansas ................................................... 1 4 1 1 2 5

 Sebastian .................................................. 1 4 1 1 2 5

Colorado .................................................... 8 22,199 3 6,068 11 28,267

 Delta ......................................................... 1 1,213 - - 1 1,213

 Garfield .................................................... 1 259 - - 1 259

 Gunnison .................................................. 2 10,178 - - 2 10,178

 La Plata .................................................... 2 507 - - 2 507

 Moffat ...................................................... - - 2 5,694 2 5,694

 Montrose .................................................. - - 1 374 1 374

 Rio Blanco ............................................... 1 2,214 - - 1 2,214

 Routt ......................................................... 1 7,827 - - 1 7,827

Illinois ........................................................ 13 28,407 9 5,342 22 33,748

 Gallatin ..................................................... - - 2 2,390 2 2,390

 Jackson ..................................................... 1 367 2 845 3 1,211

 Macoupin ................................................. 2 1,528 - - 2 1,528

 Mcdonough .............................................. - - 1 137 1 137

 Perry ......................................................... 2 1,887 3 992 5 2,879

 Randolph .................................................. 1 3,348 - - 1 3,348

 Saline ........................................................ 3 10,417 - - 3 10,417

 Sangamon ................................................. 1 2,252 - - 1 2,252

 Vermilion ................................................. 1 215 - - 1 215

 Wabash ..................................................... - - 1 978 1 978

 White ........................................................ 1 2,473 - - 1 2,473

 Williamson ............................................... 1 5,921 - - 1 5,921

Indiana ...................................................... 7 12,797 26 22,858 33 35,655

 Clay .......................................................... - - 1 72 1 72

 Daviess ..................................................... - - 3 3,502 3 3,502

 Dubois ...................................................... - - 1 1,127 1 1,127

 Gibson ...................................................... 2 5,362 4 7,152 6 12,514

 Knox ......................................................... 3 2,228 4 2,915 7 5,142

 Pike .......................................................... 1 2,505 5 1,675 6 4,180

 Sullivan .................................................... 1 2,703 1 59 2 2,762

 Vigo .......................................................... - - 2 4,068 2 4,068

 Warrick .................................................... - - 5 2,289 5 2,289

Kansas ....................................................... - - 1 185 1 185

 Bourbon .................................................... - - 1 185 1 185

Kentucky ................................................... 198 63,152 251 44,186 449 107,338

 Bell ........................................................... 7 677 22 1,337 29 2,014

 Breathitt .................................................... 2 768 5 137 7 905

 Clay .......................................................... - - 7 370 7 370

 Daviess ..................................................... - - 1 407 1 407

 Elliott ........................................................ - - 2 5 2 5

 Floyd ........................................................ 20 983 14 2,176 34 3,159

 Harlan ....................................................... 34 7,139 29 3,387 63 10,526

 Henderson ................................................ 1 1,265 1 1,164 2 2,429

 Hopkins .................................................... 4 14,833 - - 4 14,833

 Jackson ..................................................... - - 1 30 1 30

 Johnson .................................................... 1 65 8 708 9 773

 Knott ........................................................ 22 3,194 13 2,343 35 5,536

 Knox ......................................................... 2 23 8 501 10 524

 Laurel ....................................................... - - 1 3 1 3

 Lawrence .................................................. 1 200 11 543 12 742

 Lee ............................................................ - - 1 1 1 1

 Leslie ........................................................ 6 1,913 7 1,900 13 3,813

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 15

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2009 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Underground Surface Total 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Letcher ..................................................... 25 4,604 13 685 38 5,289

 Magoffin .................................................. 1 56 9 2,848 10 2,905

 Martin ....................................................... 8 3,803 7 2,756 15 6,559

 Morgan ..................................................... - - 1 83 1 83

 Muhlenberg .............................................. 2 2,107 8 1,875 10 3,982

 Ohio .......................................................... 1 727 2 3,192 3 3,919

 Owsley ..................................................... - - 3 34 3 34

 Perry ......................................................... 7 4,289 27 11,382 34 15,671

 Pike .......................................................... 48 9,351 43 6,089 91 15,440

 Pulaski ...................................................... - - 1 1 1 1

 Union ........................................................ 3 5,137 - - 3 5,137

 Webster .................................................... 1 1,912 - - 1 1,912

 Whitley ..................................................... 2 106 6 230 8 336

Louisiana ................................................... - - 2 3,657 2 3,657

 De Soto ..................................................... - - 1 2,976 1 2,976

 Red River ................................................. - - 1 682 1 682

Maryland .................................................. 2 495 20 1,811 22 2,305

 Allegany ................................................... 1 245 14 1,437 15 1,683

 Garrett ...................................................... 1 249 6 373 7 623

Mississippi ................................................. - - 1 3,440 1 3,440

 Choctaw ................................................... - - 1 3,440 1 3,440

Missouri .................................................... - - 2 452 2 452

 Bates ......................................................... - - 2 452 2 452

Montana .................................................... 1 776 5 38,710 6 39,486

 Big Horn ................................................... - - 3 28,036 3 28,036

 Musselshell .............................................. 1 776 - - 1 776

 Richland ................................................... - - 1 343 1 343

 Rosebud .................................................... - - 1 10,332 1 10,332

New Mexico ............................................... 1 6,499 4 18,625 5 25,124

 Mckinley .................................................. - - 3 10,207 3 10,207

 San Juan ................................................... 1 6,499 1 8,418 2 14,917

North Dakota ............................................ - - 4 29,945 4 29,945

 Mclean ...................................................... - - 1 8,071 1 8,071

 Mercer ...................................................... - - 2 17,634 2 17,634

 Oliver ....................................................... - - 1 4,240 1 4,240

Ohio ........................................................... 11 17,307 35 10,194 46 27,501

 Belmont .................................................... 1 6,733 5 1,395 6 8,128

 Carroll ...................................................... 1 6 1 80 2 85

 Columbiana .............................................. - - 2 120 2 120

 Coshocton ................................................ - - 1 401 1 401

 Guernsey .................................................. - - 1 21 1 21

 Harrison .................................................... 1 1,494 7 1,981 8 3,475

 Jackson ..................................................... - - 1 375 1 375

 Jefferson ................................................... 3 796 3 1,938 6 2,734

 Lawrence .................................................. - - 1 13 1 13

 Mahoning ................................................. - - 1 7 1 7

 Meigs ........................................................ 1 293 - - 1 293

 Monroe ..................................................... 1 6,033 - - 1 6,033

 Muskingum .............................................. - - 1 146 1 146

 Noble ........................................................ - - 2 772 2 772

 Perry ......................................................... 2 1,384 1 619 3 2,003

 Stark ......................................................... - - 2 366 2 366

 Tuscarawas ............................................... 1 569 4 1,187 5 1,755

 Vinton ...................................................... - - 2 772 2 772

Oklahoma .................................................. 1 384 9 572 10 956

 Craig ......................................................... - - 2 226 2 226

 Haskell ..................................................... - - 1 124 1 124

 Le Flore .................................................... 1 384 3 150 4 535

 Nowata ..................................................... - - 1 23 1 23

 Okmulgee ................................................. - - 1 1 1 1

 Rogers ...................................................... - - 1 48 1 48

Pennsylvania ............................................. 48 48,679 196 9,300 244 57,979

 Allegheny ................................................. - - 4 204 4 204

 Armstrong ................................................ 6 2,430 9 462 15 2,892

 Beaver ...................................................... 1 26 - - 1 26

 Bedford .................................................... - - 2 27 2 27

 Butler ........................................................ - - 6 471 6 471

 Cambria .................................................... 2 680 8 489 10 1,169

 Cameron ................................................... - - 1 13 1 13

 Centre ....................................................... - - 1 3 1 3

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
16 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2009 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Underground Surface Total 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Clarion ...................................................... - - 8 374 8 374

 Clearfield .................................................. 3 1,449 38 1,781 41 3,230

 Columbia .................................................. - - 4 162 4 162

 Dauphin .................................................... 1 4 - - 1 4

 Elk ............................................................ 1 103 5 168 6 270

 Fayette ...................................................... - - 8 240 8 240

 Greene ...................................................... 7 38,326 - - 7 38,326

 Indiana ...................................................... 9 2,917 15 360 24 3,278

 Jefferson ................................................... 1 139 9 532 10 670

 Lackawanna ............................................. - - 2 25 2 25

 Luzerne .................................................... - - 7 201 7 201

 Lycoming ................................................. - - 1 245 1 245

 Northumberland ....................................... 3 121 6 55 9 176

 Schuylkill ................................................. 5 52 36 1,111 41 1,163

 Somerset ................................................... 8 1,920 16 1,875 24 3,795

 Tioga ........................................................ - - 1 1 1 1

 Washington .............................................. 1 514 3 449 4 963

 Westmoreland .......................................... - - 6 52 6 52

Tennessee .................................................. 8 842 17 1,154 25 1,996

 Anderson .................................................. 2 138 2 86 4 224

 Campbell .................................................. 3 409 5 461 8 870

 Claiborne .................................................. 3 296 9 586 12 881

 Fentress .................................................... - - 1 21 1 21

Texas .......................................................... - - 12 35,093 12 35,093

 Atascosa ................................................... - - 1 3,159 1 3,159

 Freestone .................................................. - - 1 3,254 1 3,254

 Harrison .................................................... - - 1 3,845 1 3,845

 Hopkins .................................................... - - 1 1,968 1 1,968

 Lee ............................................................ - - 1 4,888 1 4,888

 Leon ......................................................... - - 1 5,093 1 5,093

 Limestone ................................................. - - 1 875 1 875

 Panola ....................................................... - - 2 5,420 2 5,420

 Robertson ................................................. - - 1 1,725 1 1,725

 Rusk ......................................................... - - 1 4,226 1 4,226

 Titus ......................................................... - - 1 641 1 641

Utah ........................................................... 8 21,718 - - 8 21,718

 Carbon ...................................................... 4 9,265 - - 4 9,265

 Emery ....................................................... 3 5,704 - - 3 5,704

 Sevier ....................................................... 1 6,748 - - 1 6,748

Virginia ..................................................... 55 12,938 53 8,081 108 21,019

 Buchanan .................................................. 19 4,710 17 2,090 36 6,800

 Dickenson ................................................ 10 1,167 5 218 15 1,385

 Lee ............................................................ 1 281 4 353 5 634

 Russell ...................................................... 5 786 4 245 9 1,031

 Tazewell ................................................... 1 347 1 489 2 836

 Wise ......................................................... 19 5,647 22 4,686 41 10,334

West Virginia ............................................ 170 80,887 113 56,240 283 137,127

 Barbour .................................................... 3 1,448 3 490 6 1,938

 Boone ....................................................... 26 11,073 15 14,817 41 25,890

 Brooke ...................................................... - - 2 102 2 102

 Clay .......................................................... 1 518 1 2,511 2 3,029

 Fayette ...................................................... 9 1,575 9 4,605 18 6,180

 Greenbrier ................................................ 6 610 1 200 7 810

 Harrison .................................................... 2 405 2 44 4 449

 Kanawha .................................................. 15 7,056 12 3,776 27 10,833

 Lincoln ..................................................... 2 1,238 1 636 3 1,874

 Logan ....................................................... 12 6,416 14 10,259 26 16,674

 Marion ...................................................... 2 11,549 2 42 4 11,591

 Marshall ................................................... 2 10,160 - - 2 10,160

 Mason ....................................................... 1 408 - - 1 408

 Mcdowell ................................................. 26 2,212 11 1,994 37 4,206

 Mercer ...................................................... 1 63 1 45 2 108

 Mineral ..................................................... - - 2 80 2 80

 Mingo ....................................................... 18 3,309 14 4,851 32 8,160

 Monongalia .............................................. 3 4,833 4 899 7 5,732

 Nicholas ................................................... 5 1,324 7 2,500 12 3,824

 Preston ...................................................... 2 104 - - 2 104

 Raleigh ..................................................... 14 5,929 3 2,256 17 8,185

 Randolph .................................................. 1 460 1 1 2 461

 Tucker ...................................................... 1 2,215 - - 1 2,215

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 17

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2009 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Underground Surface Total 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

 

 Upshur ...................................................... 1 685 1 19 2 704

 Wayne ...................................................... 3 3,993 2 1,551 5 5,544

 Webster .................................................... 3 1,288 2 3,570 5 4,858

 Wyoming .................................................. 11 2,015 3 991 14 3,006

Wyoming ................................................... 1 3,472 19 427,635 20 431,107

 Campbell .................................................. - - 12 383,159 12 383,159

 Carbon ...................................................... - - 2 788 2 788

 Converse .................................................. - - 1 33,976 1 33,976

 Hot Springs .............................................. - - 1 13 1 13

 Lincoln ..................................................... - - 1 4,461 1 4,461

 Sweetwater ............................................... 1 3,472 2 5,238 3 8,710

 

U.S. Subtotal .............................................. 540 332,062 835 740,174 1,375 1,072,236

 

Refuse Recovery ........................................ - - - - 32 2,688

 

U.S. Total ..................................................  . 540 332,062 835 740,174 1,407 1,074,923

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
18 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2 Conventional and 

Other3 Longwall4

 Total 

Alabama ................................................... 227 - 11,277 11,505

Arkansas ................................................... - 4 - 4

Colorado ................................................... 765 2 21,433 22,199

Illinois ...................................................... 13,752 2,467 12,188 28,407

Indiana ...................................................... 12,797 - - 12,797

Kentucky Total......................................... 60,819 2,271 63 63,152

 Eastern .................................................... 34,837 2,271 63 37,170

 Western .................................................. 25,982 - - 25,982

Maryland .................................................. 495 - - 495

Montana ................................................... - - 776 776

New Mexico ............................................. - - 6,499 6,499

Ohio .......................................................... 4,535 6 12,766 17,307

Oklahoma ................................................. 384 - - 384

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 10,612 82 37,985 48,679

 Anthracite ............................................... 113 63 - 176

 Bituminous ............................................. 10,499 19 37,985 48,503

Tennessee ................................................. 832 10 - 842

Utah .......................................................... 827 - 20,891 21,718

Virginia .................................................... 10,089 4 2,846 12,938

West Virginia Total ................................. 44,627 40 36,221 80,887

 Northern ................................................. 5,415 - 27,734 33,148

 Southern ................................................. 39,212 40 8,487 47,739

Wyoming .................................................. - - 3,472 3,472

Appalachian Total .................................. 106,254 2,412 101,158 209,824

 Northern ................................................ 21,056 88 78,485 99,629

 Central ................................................... 84,970 2,324 11,396 98,690

 Southern ................................................ 227 - 11,277 11,505

Interior Total .......................................... 52,915 2,471 12,188 67,574

 Illinois Basin ......................................... 52,531 2,467 12,188 67,186

Western Total ......................................... 1,592 2 53,070 54,664

 Powder River Basin .............................. - - - -

 Uinta Region ......................................... 1,086 - 42,323 43,410

East of Miss. River ................................. 158,784 4,879 113,346 277,010

West of Miss. River ................................ 1,976 6 53,070 55,052

U.S. Total ................................................ 160,760 4,885 166,416 332,062 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or 

a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining methods, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 4

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 19

Table 4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coalbed Thickness 

(inches) Underground Surface Total 

< 7 ................................................................ - 74 74

7-12 .............................................................. - 3,371 3,371

13-18 ............................................................ 371 7,951 8,323

19-24 ............................................................ 761 14,484 15,245

25-30 ............................................................ 2,657 21,467 24,124

31-36 ............................................................ 21,455 25,375 46,829

37-42 ............................................................ 22,014 21,383 43,397

43-48 ............................................................ 26,888 20,704 47,592

49-54 ............................................................ 27,075 26,259 53,334

55-60 ............................................................ 38,349 20,648 58,997

61-66 ............................................................ 42,143 12,550 54,693

67-72 ............................................................ 53,921 6,735 60,656

73-78 ............................................................ 12,011 7,088 19,099

79-84 ............................................................ 9,456 5,494 14,951

85-90 ............................................................ 12,954 5,716 18,670

91-96 ............................................................ 6,487 8,121 14,608

97-102 .......................................................... 14,043 10,253 24,295

103-108 ........................................................ 3,024 9,171 12,195

109-114 ........................................................ 3,291 2,699 5,990

115-120 ........................................................ 4,167 6,031 10,198

> 120 ............................................................ 30,844 503,915 534,759

Unknown1

 ..................................................... 150 685 3,523

U.S. Total ..................................................... 332,062 740,174 1,074,923 

1

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
20 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2009 

Coalbed ID Number1

Coalbed Name 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Thickness 

(inches) 

Underground Surface Total Average2 Low High 

1699 Wyodak ............................................... - 369,523 369,523 761 120 900

0036 Pittsburgh ............................................ 77,376 5,112 82,488 71 16 109

0489 No. 9 .................................................... 37,302 6,284 43,586 61 24 75

0484 Herrin (Illinois No. 6) ......................... 27,407 5,064 32,472 68 34 85

1697 Canyon ................................................ - 30,542 30,542 627 336 804

1569 Beulah-Zap .......................................... - 28,415 28,415 174 114 210

0111 Coalburg .............................................. 6,200 20,620 26,820 69 8 135

1696 Anderson-Dietz 1-Dietz 2 ................... - 20,544 20,544 917 660 960

1787 Roland ................................................. - 17,071 17,071 469 371 600

0151 Upper Elkhorn No. 3 ........................... 12,782 2,962 15,744 44 11 120

0084 Lower Kittanning ................................ 6,133 9,337 15,470 48 12 94

1808 Rosebud............................................... - 13,760 13,760 253 68 276

0103 Stockton-Lewiston .............................. 3,301 8,339 11,640 66 7 132

0176 Eagle ................................................... 9,804 1,121 10,925 48 11 63

0121 Winifrede ............................................ 4,972 5,719 10,691 59 12 116

0135 Hazard No. 4 ....................................... 4,143 6,475 10,617 58 12 116

1488 Fruitland No. 8 .................................... 6,499 3,704 10,203 154 46 182

0168 Lower Elkhorn .................................... 6,928 2,612 9,540 49 6 84

0157 Alma .................................................... 6,510 2,385 8,895 45 10 60

0280 Blue Creek .......................................... 8,200 575 8,775 54 10 120

0071 Upper Freeport .................................... 6,260 2,392 8,652 56 12 94

1003 Menefee Formation ............................. 505 7,533 8,038 56 46 84

0480 Danville No. 7 ..................................... 1,549 6,380 7,929 40 11 79

1750 Wadge ................................................. 7,827 - 7,827 100 100 100

0080 Middle Kittanning ............................... 3,125 4,454 7,579 48 11 92

Major Coalbeds Total ................................... 236,825 580,921 817,746 437 6 960

 

Other Coalbeds.............................................. 95,087 158,568 253,655 81 5 360

 

Unknown3

 ....................................................... 150 685 3,523 NA NA NA

 

U.S. Total ....................................................... 332,062 740,174 1,074,923 352 - 960 

1

 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal zones. See Coalbed name discussion 

in note below. 

2

 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 

3

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 NA = Not Available. 

 Notes:  Major coalbeds for this table are the top 25 producing coalbeds. The category "Other Coalbeds" includes all coalbeds from which less than 8.0 million short tons were 

produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the geological 

formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and even in the Gulf 

Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are also included in "Other Coalbeds," even though production may exceed 8.0 million short tons. Totals may not equal sum of components 

due to independent rounding.  The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that coalbed. The States having greatest 

production for each coalbed are Alabama (coalbed 0280), Colorado (1750); Illinois (0484); Indiana (0483); Eastern Kentucky (0100, 0135, 0142, 0151, and 0168); Western Kentucky 

(0489); Montana (1696 and 1808); New Mexico (1488); North Dakota (1569); Pennsylvania (0036 and 0071); West Virginia (0084, 0103, 0111, 0121, 0157, and 0176); and 

Wyoming (1697, 1699, and 1787). In some other States where these are major producing beds, the following alternative coalbed names are also used: 0084, No. 5 (Ohio); 0111, 

Peach Orchard (Eastern Kentucky); 0121, Quakertown (Pennsylvania); 0135, Windrock (Tennessee); Phillips (Virginia); Chilton (West Virginia); 0142, Lower Splint (Virginia); 0151, 

Jellico (Tennessee); Taggert (Virginia); Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0157, Elkhorn No. 1 (East Kentucky); Rich Mountain (Tennessee); 0168, Imboden (Virginia); No. 2 Gas (West 

Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0484, No. 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No. 5 (Illinois and Indiana). 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 21

Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production 

Alabama ......................................... 57 18,796 - - - - - - 57 18,796

Alaska ............................................ - - 1 1,860 - - - - 1 1,860

Arizona ........................................... 1 7,474 - - - - - - 1 7,474

Arkansas ......................................... 2 5 - - - - - - 2 5

Colorado ......................................... 9 22,573 2 5,694 - - - - 11 28,267

Illinois ............................................ 22 33,748 - - - - - - 22 33,748

Indiana ............................................ 33 35,655 - - - - - - 33 35,655

Kansas ............................................ 1 185 - - - - - - 1 185

Kentucky Total............................... 449 107,338 - - - - - - 449 107,338

 Eastern .......................................... 425 74,719 - - - - - - 425 74,719

 Western ........................................ 24 32,619 - - - - - - 24 32,619

Louisiana ........................................ - - - - 2 3,657 - - 2 3,657

Maryland ........................................ 22 2,305 - - - - - - 22 2,305

Mississippi ..................................... - - - - 1 3,440 - - 1 3,440

Missouri ......................................... 2 452 - - - - - - 2 452

Montana ......................................... - - 5 39,143 1 343 - - 6 39,486

New Mexico2 ................................. 1 6,499 4 18,625 - - - - 5 25,124

North Dakota .................................. - - - - 4 29,945 - - 4 29,945

Ohio ................................................ 46 27,501 - - - - - - 46 27,501

Oklahoma ....................................... 10 956 - - - - - - 10 956

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 180 56,248 - - - - 64 1,731 244 57,979

 Anthracite ..................................... - - - - - - 64 1,731 64 1,731

 Bituminous ................................... 180 56,248 - - - - - - 180 56,248

Tennessee ....................................... 25 1,996 - - - - - - 25 1,996

Texas .............................................. - - - - 12 35,093 - - 12 35,093

Utah ................................................ 8 21,718 - - - - - - 8 21,718

Virginia .......................................... 108 21,019 - - - - - - 108 21,019

West Virginia Total ....................... 283 137,127 - - - - - - 283 137,127

 Northern ....................................... 39 38,395 - - - - - - 39 38,395

 Southern ....................................... 244 98,732 - - - - - - 244 98,732

Wyoming ........................................ 1 7 19 431,099 - - - - 20 431,107

 

Appalachian Total ........................ 1,146 339,712 - - - - 64 1,731 1,210 341,443

 Northern ...................................... 287 124,449 - - - - 64 1,731 351 126,180

 Central ......................................... 802 196,467 - - - - - - 802 196,467

 Southern ...................................... 57 18,796 - - - - - - 57 18,796

Interior Total ................................ 94 103,621 - - 15 42,191 - - 109 145,811

 Illinois Basin ............................... 79 102,023 - - - - - - 79 102,023

Western Total ............................... 20 58,271 31 496,422 5 30,288 - - 56 584,981

 Powder River Basin .................... - - 17 455,503 - - - - 17 455,503

 Uinta Region ............................... 14 43,410 2 5,694 - - - - 16 49,104

 

East of Miss. River ....................... 1,225 441,735 - - 1 3,440 64 1,731 1,290 446,906

West of Miss. River ...................... 35 59,869 31 496,422 19 69,039 - - 85 625,330

 

U.S. Subtotal ................................. 1,260 501,604 31 496,422 20 72,479 64 1,731 1,375 1,072,236

 

Refuse Recovery ........................... 27 2,497 - - - - 5 190 32 2,688

 

U.S. Total ...................................... 1,287 504,102 31 496,422 20 72,479 69 1,921 1,407 1,074,923 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 One Mine in New Mexico periodically produces both bituminous and subbituminous coal. When this occurs, it is double counted as a subbituminous and bituminous mine, but is not 

double counted in the total. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
22 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Union Nonunion Total 

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama ...................................................... 11,277 317 227 6,971 11,505 7,288

Alaska ......................................................... - 1,860 - - - 1,860

Arizona ........................................................ - 7,474 - - - 7,474

Colorado ...................................................... 2,214 2,483 19,983 3,584 22,197 6,068

Illinois ......................................................... 4,808 - 23,599 5,342 28,407 5,342

Indiana ......................................................... - - 12,797 22,858 12,797 22,858

Kansas ......................................................... - - - 185 - 185

Kentucky Total............................................ 4,255 857 58,852 43,097 63,106 43,953

 Eastern ....................................................... 578 857 36,547 36,462 37,124 37,318

 Western ..................................................... 3,677 - 22,305 6,635 25,982 6,635

Louisiana ..................................................... - - - 3,657 - 3,657

Maryland ..................................................... - - 495 1,774 495 1,774

Mississippi .................................................. - - - 3,440 - 3,440

Missouri ...................................................... - - - 452 - 452

Montana ...................................................... - 21,101 776 17,609 776 38,710

New Mexico ................................................ 6,499 11,092 - 7,533 6,499 18,625

North Dakota ............................................... - 6,827 - 23,118 - 29,945

Ohio ............................................................. 6,733 - 10,568 10,163 17,301 10,163

Oklahoma .................................................... - - 384 571 384 571

Pennsylvania Total ...................................... 16,660 624 31,981 8,390 48,641 9,013

 Anthracite .................................................. - 423 157 1,054 157 1,477

 Bituminous ................................................ 16,660 201 31,824 7,336 48,484 7,537

Tennessee .................................................... - - 832 1,151 832 1,151

Texas ........................................................... - 21,272 - 13,821 - 35,093

Utah ............................................................. 5,704 - 16,014 - 21,718 -

Virginia ....................................................... 749 14 12,185 8,045 12,934 8,059

West Virginia Total .................................... 29,923 7,634 50,925 48,544 80,848 56,178

 Northern .................................................... 25,519 - 7,630 5,236 33,148 5,236

 Southern .................................................... 4,404 7,634 43,295 43,308 47,699 50,942

Wyoming ..................................................... 3,472 5,823 - 421,805 3,472 427,627

 

Appalachian Total ..................................... 65,920 9,446 143,760 121,499 209,680 130,945

 Northern ................................................... 48,911 624 50,674 25,563 99,585 26,187

 Central ...................................................... 5,731 8,505 92,859 88,965 98,590 97,470

 Southern ................................................... 11,277 317 227 6,971 11,505 7,288

Interior Total ............................................. 8,484 21,272 59,086 56,962 67,570 78,234

 Illinois Basin ............................................ 8,484 - 58,701 34,835 67,186 34,835

Western Total ............................................ 17,889 56,661 36,772 473,649 54,662 530,310

 Powder River Basin ................................. - 20,759 - 434,744 - 455,503

 Uinta Region ............................................ 7,918 2,110 35,491 3,584 43,410 5,694

 

East of Miss. River .................................... 74,405 9,446 202,461 159,774 276,866 169,220

West of Miss. River ................................... 17,889 77,933 37,157 492,336 55,046 570,269

 

Unknown2

 ................................................... - - - - 150 685

 

U.S. Total ................................................... 92,294 87,379 239,618 652,110 332,062 740,174 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Excludes refuse recovery operations. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 23

Table 8. Coal Disposition by State, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market Sales1

 Captive Sales/Transactions2 Total 

Alabama ....................................................... 18,685 83 18,768

Alaska .......................................................... W - W

Arizona ......................................................... W - W

Colorado ....................................................... 24,278 3,293 27,570

Illinois .......................................................... 26,059 6,502 32,561

Indiana .......................................................... 25,183 11,013 36,196

Kansas .......................................................... W - W

Kentucky Total............................................. 99,330 5,356 104,687

 Eastern ........................................................ W W 73,584

 Western ...................................................... W W 31,103

Louisiana ...................................................... W W W

Maryland ...................................................... 2,413 - 2,413

Mississippi ................................................... W - W

Missouri ....................................................... W - W

Montana ....................................................... W W 39,397

New Mexico ................................................. W W 25,608

North Dakota ................................................ W W 29,933

Ohio .............................................................. 24,860 1,328 26,189

Oklahoma ..................................................... 971 - 971

Pennsylvania Total ....................................... 53,311 4,874 58,185

 Anthracite ................................................... W W 1,571

 Bituminous ................................................. W W 56,613

Tennessee ..................................................... W W 2,067

Texas ............................................................ W W 34,362

Utah .............................................................. W W 21,515

Virginia ........................................................ 14,453 6,507 20,960

West Virginia Total ..................................... 119,494 14,585 134,080

 Northern ..................................................... 34,419 3,085 37,504

 Southern ..................................................... 85,075 11,500 96,575

Wyoming ...................................................... 321,441 108,552 429,994

U.S. Total3

 .................................................... 854,803 207,170 1,061,973 

1

 Open market sales include all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive sales transactions include all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 3

 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report." 
24 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2009 

Rank Mine Names/Company Mine Type State Production 

(short tons) 

1 North Antelope Rochelle Mine/Powder River Coal Llc Surface Wyoming 98,279,377

2 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Company Llc Surface Wyoming 81,079,043

3 Cordero Mine/Cordero Mining Llc Surface Wyoming 39,380,964

4 Antelope Coal Mine/Antelope Coal Llc Surface Wyoming 33,975,524

5 Jacobs Ranch Mine/Jacobs Ranch Coal Llc Surface Wyoming 29,021,485

6 Belle Ayr Mine/Alpha Coal West, Inc. Surface Wyoming 28,395,952

7 Buckskin Mine/Kiewit Mining Group Surface Wyoming 25,411,798

8 Caballo Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 23,252,475

9 Eagle Butte Mine/Alpha Coal West. Inc. Surface Wyoming 21,479,183

10 Spring Creek Coal Company/Spring Creek Coal Llc Surface Montana 17,608,969

11 Rawhide Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 15,842,274

12 Freedom Mine/The Coteau Properties Company Surface North Dakota 15,046,737

13 Enlow Fork Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Underground Pennsylvania 11,092,684

14 Rosebud Mine&Crusher/Conveyor/Western Energy Company Surface Montana 10,331,684

15 Bailey Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 10,232,360

16 Mcelroy Mine/Mcelroy Coal Company Underground West Virginia 9,863,588

17 Coal Creek Mine/Thunder Basin Coal Company Llc Surface Wyoming 9,766,852

18 Navajo Mine/Bhp Navajo Coal Company Surface New Mexico 8,418,245

19 Falkirk Mine/Falkirk Mining Company Surface North Dakota 8,071,246

20 Foidel Creek Mine/Twentymile Coal Company Underground Colorado 7,827,079

21 Kayenta Mine/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 7,474,029

22 Cumberland Mine/Cumberland Coal Resources Lp Underground Pennsylvania 6,818,681

23 Sufco/Canyon Fuel Company Llc Underground Utah 6,748,311

24 Powhatan No. 6 Mine/The Ohio Valley Coal Company Underground Ohio 6,732,699

25 San Juan Mine 1/San Juan Coal Company Underground New Mexico 6,499,195

26 Cardinal/Warrior Coal Llc Underground Kentucky 6,316,496

27 Galatia Mine/ American Coal Company Underground Illinois 6,267,253

28 Century Mine/American Energy Corporation Underground Ohio 6,033,455

29 Wyodak Mine/Wyodak Resources Development C Surface Wyoming 6,016,063

30 Loveridge No 22/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 6,004,124

31 Mach #1 Mine/Mach Mining Llc Underground Illinois 5,921,151

32 Absaloka Mine/Westmoreland Resources Inc. Surface Montana 5,911,673

33 Elk Creek Mine/Oxbow Mining, Llc Underground Colorado 5,702,875

34 Emerald Mine No 1/Emerald Coal Resources Lp Underground Pennsylvania 5,558,640

35 Robinson Run No 95/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 5,544,554

36 El Segundo/Lee Ranch Coal Co Div/Peabody Surface New Mexico 5,445,200

37 Dry Fork Mine/Western Fuels-Wyoming Inc Surface Wyoming 5,233,980

38 Jewett Mine/Texas Westmoreland Coal Co. Surface Texas 5,092,532

39 Twilight Mtr Surface Mine/Progress Coal Surface West Virginia 4,953,903

40 Three Oaks/Luminant Mining Company Llc Surface Texas 4,887,765

41 Beckville Strip/Luminant Mining Company Llc Surface Texas 4,515,620

42 Decker Mine/Decker Coal Company Surface Montana 4,515,393

43 West Elk Mine/Mountain Coal Company, L.L.C. Underground Colorado 4,475,344

44 Kemmerer Mine/Chevron Mining Inc Surface Wyoming 4,460,896

45 Center Mine/Bni Coal Ltd Surface North Dakota 4,239,963

46 Oak Hill Strip/Luminant Mining Company Llc Surface Texas 4,225,852

47 Dotiki Mine/Webster County Coal Llc Underground Kentucky 4,200,121

 

 Subtotal 654,173,287

 All Other Mines 420,750,105

 

 U.S. Total 1,074,923,392 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Major mines are mines that produced more than 4 million short tons in 2009. The company is the firm operating the mine. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 25

Table 10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2009 

Rank Controlling Company Name Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Percent of 

Total Production 

1 Peabody Energy Corporation 189,232 17.6

2 Arch Coal Inc. 148,061 13.8

3 Cloud Peak Energy 90,965 8.5

4 Alpha Natural Resources LLC 83,523 7.8

5 CONSOL Energy Inc. 58,145 5.4

6 Massey Energy Co. 37,161 3.5

7 NACCO Industries Inc. 31,085 2.9

8 Patriot Coal Corp. 29,268 2.7

9 Peter Kiewit Sons Inc. 27,136 2.5

10 Alliance Resource Operating Partners LP 25,874 2.4

11 Murray Energy Corp. 25,837 2.4

12 Westmoreland Coal Co. 24,266 2.3

13 Energy Future Holdings Corp. 21,272 2.0

14 Drummond Co. Inc. 19,964 1.9

15 Intl Coal Group Inc. (ICG) 17,414 1.6

16 BHP Billiton Ltd. 14,917 1.4

17 James River Coal Co. 9,855 0.9

18 Chevron Corp. 9,841 0.9

19 PacifiCorp 9,447 0.9

20 Level 3 Communications 8,392 0.8

21 Walter Industries Inc. 7,571 0.7

22 Trinity Coal Corp. 6,805 0.6

23 Booth Energy Group 6,506 0.6

24 Cline Group 6,497 0.6

25 TECO Energy Inc. 6,205 0.6

26 Rosebud Mining Co. 6,084 0.6

27 Black Hills Corp. 6,016 0.6

28 Oxbow Carbon & Minerals Holding Inc. 5,703 0.5

29 Western Fuels Association Inc. 5,234 0.5

 

 Subtotal 938,276 87.3

 All Other Coal Producers 136,647 12.7

 

 U.S. Total 1,074,923 100.0 

 Note:  Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 5 million short tons in 2009. A controlling company of a mine is defined as the company "controlling the 

coal, particularly the sale of the coal." Most often, but not always, this is the owner of the mine. 

 Source:  Velocity Suite, Ventyx 2010 and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production 

Report." 
26 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 27

Productive Capacity 
28 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2009, 2008 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

2009 2008 Percent Change 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama ........................................ 16,398 10,021 26,419 14,754 11,146 25,901 11.1 -10.1 2.0

Alaska ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ........................................ - - - W - W W - W

Colorado ........................................ W W 39,336 W W 40,545 W W -3.0

Illinois ........................................... 38,184 8,153 46,337 35,100 8,028 43,129 8.8 1.6 7.4

Indiana ........................................... 15,027 31,587 46,614 14,123 30,784 44,907 6.4 2.6 3.8

Kansas ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total.............................. 81,739 59,407 141,146 88,191 63,431 151,622 -7.3 -6.3 -6.9

 Eastern ......................................... 50,898 50,411 101,309 59,853 58,274 118,127 -15.0 -13.5 -14.2

 Western ....................................... 30,841 8,996 39,837 28,338 5,157 33,495 8.8 74.4 18.9

Louisiana ....................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland ....................................... W W 2,593 W W 2,998 W W -13.5

Mississippi .................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri ........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana ........................................ W W 56,643 W W 49,332 W W 14.8

New Mexico .................................. W W 29,108 W W 29,750 W W -2.2

North Dakota ................................. - 32,900 32,900 - 32,900 32,900 - - -

Ohio ............................................... 19,811 22,300 42,111 18,029 21,563 39,593 9.9 3.4 6.4

Oklahoma ...................................... W W 1,727 W W 1,899 W W -9.1

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 55,566 14,606 70,172 57,851 17,576 75,427 -4.0 -16.9 -7.0

 Anthracite .................................... 268 2,415 2,683 227 2,455 2,682 18.0 -1.6 *

 Bituminous .................................. 55,298 12,191 67,489 57,624 15,121 72,745 -4.0 -19.4 -7.2

Tennessee ...................................... 1,009 1,777 2,786 1,076 3,734 4,811 -6.3 -52.4 -42.1

Texas ............................................. - 37,532 37,532 - 40,553 40,553 - -7.4 -7.4

Utah ............................................... 24,533 - 24,533 27,042 - 27,042 -9.3 - -9.3

Virginia ......................................... 16,794 12,375 29,169 18,629 10,394 29,023 -9.9 19.1 0.5

West Virginia Total ...................... 114,744 84,079 198,822 123,496 87,769 211,264 -7.1 -4.2 -5.9

 Northern ...................................... 38,693 8,433 47,126 41,200 8,194 49,394 -6.1 2.9 -4.6

 Southern ...................................... 76,050 75,646 151,696 82,296 79,575 161,871 -7.6 -4.9 -6.3

Wyoming ....................................... W W 547,360 W W 501,158 W W 9.2

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 439,601 955,896 1,395,497 446,445 926,411 1,372,856 -1.5 3.2 1.6 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation 

Report." Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 29

Table 12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2009, 2008 

 (Percent) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

2009 2008 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama ......................................................... 70.16 72.73 71.13 83.24 74.70 79.56

Alaska ............................................................ - W W - W W

Arizona ........................................................... - W W - W W

Arkansas ......................................................... - - - W - W

Colorado ......................................................... W W 71.85 W W 78.99

Illinois ............................................................ 74.39 65.52 72.83 77.08 73.03 76.33

Indiana ............................................................ 85.16 72.37 76.49 86.55 76.88 79.92

Kansas ............................................................ - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................................... 77.20 73.99 75.85 78.68 79.87 79.18

 Eastern ......................................................... 72.94 74.03 73.48 73.62 78.83 76.19

 Western ....................................................... 84.24 73.76 81.88 89.37 91.66 89.73

Louisiana ........................................................ - W W - W W

Maryland ........................................................ W W 87.52 W W 94.59

Mississippi ..................................................... - W W - W W

Missouri ......................................................... - W W - W W

Montana ......................................................... W W 69.71 W W 90.79

New Mexico ................................................... W W 86.31 W W 86.20

North Dakota .................................................. - 91.02 91.02 - 90.05 90.05

Ohio ................................................................ 87.33 45.57 65.22 94.55 42.49 66.20

Oklahoma ....................................................... W W 55.33 W W 77.00

Pennsylvania Total ......................................... 87.54 61.71 82.16 92.12 66.96 86.26

 Anthracite .................................................... 58.58 61.14 60.89 95.19 55.32 58.70

 Bituminous .................................................. 87.68 61.82 83.01 92.11 68.84 87.27

Tennessee ....................................................... 82.50 64.77 71.19 73.27 41.21 48.38

Texas .............................................................. - 93.50 93.50 - 96.21 96.21

Utah ................................................................ 88.52 - 88.52 90.10 - 90.10

Virginia .......................................................... 77.02 65.12 71.97 84.72 85.42 84.97

West Virginia Total ....................................... 70.46 66.82 68.92 71.51 79.01 74.62

 Northern ...................................................... 85.67 62.09 81.45 82.77 85.37 83.20

 Southern ...................................................... 62.72 67.34 65.03 65.87 78.35 72.00

Wyoming ........................................................ W W 78.76 W W 93.31

 

U.S. Total ....................................................... 75.50 77.36 76.78 79.94 87.72 85.19 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Capacity utilization is the ratio of annual production to annual productive capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide 

data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety 

and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
30 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 

2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Alabama ......................................... W W - - W W 16,398 70.16

Colorado ......................................... W W - - W W W W

Illinois ............................................ 19,469 70.63 W W W W 38,184 74.39

Indiana ............................................ 15,027 85.16 - - - - 15,027 85.16

Kentucky Total............................... 79,371 W W 96.49 W W 81,739 77.20

 Eastern .......................................... 48,530 W W 96.49 W W 50,898 72.94

 Western ........................................ 30,841 W - - - - 30,841 84.24

Maryland ........................................ W W - - - - W W

Montana ......................................... - - - - W W W W

New Mexico ................................... - - - - W W W W

Ohio ................................................ W W - - W W 19,811 87.33

Oklahoma ....................................... W W - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 14,993 70.78 W W W W 55,566 87.54

 Anthracite ..................................... W W W W - - 268 58.58

 Bituminous ................................... W W - - W W 55,298 87.68

Tennessee ....................................... 1,009 82.50 - - - - 1,009 82.50

Utah ................................................ W W - - W W 24,533 88.52

Virginia .......................................... W W - - W W 16,794 77.02

West Virginia Total ....................... 70,101 63.66 - - 44,643 81.14 114,744 70.46

 Northern ....................................... 7,509 72.11 - - 31,184 88.93 38,693 85.67

 Southern ....................................... 62,592 62.65 - - 13,458 63.06 76,050 62.72

Wyoming ........................................ - - - - W W W W

 

U.S. Total ...................................... 221,515 72.57 5,658 83.68 212,428 78.34 439,601 75.50 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or 

a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity. 

Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and recovery operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety 

and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 31

Recoverable Reserves 
32 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2009, 2008 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

2009 2008 Percent Change 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama ............................................... 286 57.44 330 57.98 -13.3

Alaska .................................................. W W W W W

Arizona ................................................. W W W W W

Arkansas ............................................... - - W W W

Colorado ............................................... 314 68.81 325 70.92 -3.5

Illinois .................................................. 1,244 60.55 1,189 60.43 4.6

Indiana .................................................. 403 66.04 421 69.52 -4.4

Kansas .................................................. W W W W W

Kentucky Total..................................... 1,303 56.95 1,167 58.37 11.6

 Eastern ................................................ 759 55.88 729 56.12 4.2

 Western .............................................. 544 58.45 438 62.11 24.1

Louisiana .............................................. W W W W W

Maryland .............................................. 20 71.87 22 74.01 -9.9

Mississippi ........................................... W W W W W

Missouri ............................................... W W W W W

Montana ............................................... 855 86.70 925 89.55 -7.5

New Mexico ......................................... 380 92.82 605 88.44 -37.2

North Dakota ........................................ 1,208 90.60 1,225 90.60 -1.4

Ohio ...................................................... 291 65.71 308 69.32 -5.4

Oklahoma ............................................. 94 57.83 85 54.74 10.8

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 553 70.79 526 71.96 5.1

 Anthracite ........................................... 38 78.45 24 76.48 55.1

 Bituminous ......................................... 515 70.22 502 71.74 2.6

Tennessee ............................................. 13 71.17 10 75.05 24.3

Texas .................................................... 775 90.72 752 90.82 3.0

Utah ...................................................... 201 57.51 212 56.97 -5.3

Virginia ................................................ 294 54.76 217 55.80 35.6

Washington .......................................... - - - - -

West Virginia Total ............................. 1,738 57.31 1,908 57.24 -8.9

 Northern ............................................. 294 60.80 338 60.50 -13.0

 Southern ............................................. 1,444 56.60 1,570 56.54 -8.0

Wyoming .............................................. 6,917 91.34 7,010 91.52 -1.3

 

U.S. Total ............................................ 17,474 79.03 17,875 79.64 -2.2 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage 

represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less 

than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 33

Table 15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated 

Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2009 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Resource 

State 

Underground - Minable Coal Surface - Minable Coal Total 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable 

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Alabama ........................................ 241 461 915 45 2,250 3,158 286 2,711 4,074

Alaska ........................................... - 2,335 5,423 W 493 680 W 2,828 6,102

Arizona .......................................... - - - W - - W - -

Arkansas ........................................ - 127 272 - 101 144 - 228 416

Colorado ........................................ W 5,889 11,222 W 3,745 4,760 314 9,634 15,981

Georgia .......................................... - 1 2 - 1 2 - 2 4

Idaho ............................................. - 2 4 - - - - 2 4

Illinois ........................................... 1,217 27,858 87,700 27 10,055 16,522 1,244 37,913 104,222

Indiana ........................................... 304 3,582 8,649 98 364 623 403 3,946 9,271

Iowa ............................................... - 807 1,732 - 320 457 - 1,127 2,189

Kansas ........................................... - - - W 680 971 W 680 971

Kentucky Total.............................. 1,041 7,131 16,505 261 7,350 12,729 1,303 14,480 29,234

 Eastern ......................................... 537 462 828 222 5,095 9,124 759 5,557 9,952

 Western ....................................... 504 6,668 15,677 39 2,255 3,605 544 8,923 19,282

Louisiana ....................................... - - - W 299 403 W 299 403

Maryland ....................................... W 312 568 W 37 55 20 349 623

Michigan ....................................... - 55 123 - 3 5 - 59 128

Mississippi .................................... - - - W - - W - -

Missouri ........................................ - 689 1,479 W 3,156 4,508 W 3,845 5,988

Montana ........................................ W 35,921 70,955 W 38,849 48,062 855 74,770 119,017

New Mexico .................................. W 2,776 6,101 W 4,123 5,883 380 6,899 11,984

North Carolina .............................. - 5 11 - - - - 5 11

North Dakota ................................. - - - 1,208 6,792 8,903 1,208 6,792 8,903

Ohio ............................................... 210 7,662 17,415 81 3,739 5,712 291 11,401 23,127

Oklahoma ...................................... W 572 1,227 W 223 318 94 794 1,545

Oregon ........................................... - 6 15 - 2 3 - 9 17

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 446 10,486 22,802 107 1,009 4,195 553 11,495 26,998

 Anthracite .................................... W 340 3,842 W 419 3,348 38 759 7,190

 Bituminous .................................. W 10,146 18,960 W 590 847 515 10,737 19,807

South Dakota ................................. - - - - 277 366 - 277 366

Tennessee ...................................... W 276 503 W 174 256 13 449 759

Texas ............................................. - - - 775 9,378 12,183 775 9,378 12,183

Utah ............................................... 201 2,419 4,935 - 212 268 201 2,631 5,203

Virginia ......................................... 253 564 1,004 40 171 515 294 735 1,519

Washington ................................... - 674 1,332 - 6 8 - 681 1,340

West Virginia Total ...................... 1,242 15,214 28,507 496 2,175 3,448 1,738 17,390 31,955

 Northern ...................................... 274 NA NA 20 NA NA 294 NA NA

 Southern ...................................... 968 NA NA 476 NA NA 1,444 NA NA

Wyoming ....................................... W 22,939 42,479 W 15,804 19,084 6,917 38,743 61,563

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 5,804 148,763 331,882 11,670 111,788 154,220 17,474 260,551 486,102 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 NA = Not Available. 

 Notes:  Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines.  EIA's 

estimated recoverable reserves include the coal in the demonstrated reserve base considered recoverable after excluding coal estimated to be unavailable due to land use restrictions or 

currently economically unattractive for mining, and after applying assumed mining recovery rates; see Glossary for criteria.  The effective date for the demonstrated reserve base, as 

customarily worded, is "Remaining as of January 1, 2010." These data are contemporaneous with the Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines, customarily presented as of the end of 

the past year's mining, that is in this case, December 31, 2009.  The demonstrated reserve base includes publicly available data on coal mapped to measured and indicated degrees of 

accuracy and found at depths and in coalbed thicknesses considered technologically minable at the time of determinations; see Glossary for criteria.  All reserve expressions exclude 

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations.  Reserves at Producing Mines exclude mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide 

reserves data. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," and EIA estimates. 
34 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by 

State and Mining Method, 2009 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama ......................................... W W - - W W 241 51.86

Colorado ......................................... W W - - W W 269 65.41

Illinois ............................................ 303 55.00 W W W W1,217 60.04

Indiana ............................................ 304 62.50 - - - - 304 62.50

Kentucky Total............................... 1,021 51.02 W W W W 1,041 50.93

 Eastern .......................................... 517 46.12 W W W W 537 46.12

 Western ........................................ 504 56.05 - - - - 504 56.05

Maryland ........................................ W W - - - - W W

Montana ......................................... - - - - W W W W

New Mexico ................................... - - - - W W W W

Ohio ................................................ W W - - W W 210 59.59

Oklahoma ....................................... W W - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 130 58.57 W W W W 446 67.93

 Anthracite ..................................... W W W W - - W W

 Bituminous ................................... W W - - W W W W

Tennessee ....................................... W W - - - - W W

Utah ................................................ W W - - W W 201 57.51

Virginia .......................................... W W - - W W 253 49.45

West Virginia Total ....................... 763 45.98 - - 479 52.75 1,242 48.59

 Northern ....................................... 92 47.92 - - 182 66.26 274 60.08

 Southern ....................................... 671 45.71 - - 297 44.49 968 45.34

Wyoming ........................................ - - - - W W W W

 

U.S. Total ...................................... 2,837 51.77 79 57.30 2,888 61.61 5,804 56.74 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or 

a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average 

recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes 

mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 35

Table 17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production 

Range and Mine Type, 2009 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) 

Underground Surface Total 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Over 1,000 ................................................... 3,477 60.11 10,645 90.96 14,122 83.37

500 to 1,000 ................................................ 1,132 53.30 366 87.61 1,498 61.68

200 to 500 ................................................... 702 48.89 312 82.18 1,014 59.13

100 to 200 ................................................... 289 53.18 129 80.11 418 61.50

50 to 100 ..................................................... 65 47.21 88 76.18 154 63.87

10 to 50 ....................................................... 138 51.92 129 66.29 267 58.87

 

U.S. Total ................................................... 5,804 56.74 11,670 90.12 17,474 79.03 

 Note:  Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average 

recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes 

mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
36 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 37

Employment 
38 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2009, 2008 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

2009 2008 Percent Change 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama ........................................ 2,655 1,603 4,258 2,748 1,522 4,270 -3.4 5.3 -0.3

Alaska ........................................... - 119 119 - 104 104 - 14.4 14.4

Arizona .......................................... - 425 425 - 419 419 - 1.4 1.4

Arkansas ........................................ 16 2 18 91 2 93 -82.4 - -80.6

Colorado ........................................ 1,916 529 2,445 1,759 526 2,285 8.9 0.6 7.0

Illinois ........................................... 3,068 480 3,548 2,907 461 3,368 5.5 4.1 5.3

Indiana ........................................... 1,695 1,740 3,435 1,387 1,696 3,083 22.2 2.6 11.4

Kansas ........................................... - 31 31 - 59 59 - -47.5 -47.5

Kentucky Total.............................. 12,043 6,807 18,850 11,981 6,925 18,906 0.5 -1.7 -0.3

 Eastern ......................................... 8,959 6,188 15,147 9,239 6,424 15,663 -3.0 -3.7 -3.3

 Western ....................................... 3,084 619 3,703 2,742 501 3,243 12.5 23.6 14.2

Louisiana ....................................... - 263 263 - 251 251 - 4.8 4.8

Maryland ....................................... 108 280 388 136 265 401 -20.6 5.7 -3.2

Mississippi .................................... - 200 200 - 166 166 - 20.5 20.5

Missouri ........................................ - 23 23 - 12 12 - 91.7 91.7

Montana ........................................ 155 978 1,133 45 990 1,035 244.4 -1.2 9.5

New Mexico .................................. 462 960 1,422 476 969 1,445 -2.9 -0.9 -1.6

North Dakota ................................. - 1,037 1,037 - 985 985 - 5.3 5.3

Ohio ............................................... 1,731 1,276 3,007 1,507 1,242 2,749 14.9 2.7 9.4

Oklahoma ...................................... 52 208 260 49 147 196 6.1 41.5 32.7

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 5,558 2,523 8,081 5,535 2,685 8,220 0.4 -6.0 -1.7

 Anthracite .................................... 168 773 941 204 725 929 -17.6 6.6 1.3

 Bituminous .................................. 5,390 1,750 7,140 5,331 1,960 7,291 1.1 -10.7 -2.1

Tennessee ...................................... 366 415 781 230 381 611 59.1 8.9 27.8

Texas ............................................. - 2,506 2,506 - 2,326 2,326 - 7.7 7.7

Utah ............................................... 1,985 6 1,991 2,070 7 2,077 -4.1 -14.3 -4.1

Virginia ......................................... 3,211 1,435 4,646 3,364 1,433 4,797 -4.5 0.1 -3.1

West Virginia Total ...................... 14,842 6,829 21,671 15,043 6,991 22,034 -1.3 -2.3 -1.6

 Northern ...................................... 4,276 633 4,909 4,213 688 4,901 1.5 -8.0 0.2

 Southern ...................................... 10,566 6,196 16,762 10,830 6,303 17,133 -2.4 -1.7 -2.2

Wyoming ....................................... 237 6,817 7,054 247 6,580 6,827 -4.0 3.6 3.3

 

Appalachian Total ....................... 37,430 20,549 57,979 37,802 20,943 58,745 -1.0 -1.9 -1.3

 Northern ..................................... 11,673 4,712 16,385 11,391 4,880 16,271 2.5 -3.4 0.7

 Central ........................................ 23,101 14,233 37,334 23,663 14,541 38,204 -2.4 -2.1 -2.3

 Southern ..................................... 2,656 1,604 4,260 2,748 1,522 4,270 -3.3 5.4 -0.2

Interior Total ............................... 7,915 6,072 13,987 7,176 5,621 12,797 10.3 8.0 9.3

 Illinois Basin .............................. 7,847 2,839 10,686 7,036 2,658 9,694 11.5 6.8 10.2

Western Total .............................. 4,755 10,871 15,626 4,597 10,580 15,177 3.4 2.8 3.0

 Powder River Basin ................... 2 7,066 7,068 22 6,815 6,837 -90.9 3.7 3.4

 Uinta Region .............................. 3,813 507 4,320 3,763 497 4,260 1.3 2.0 1.4

 

East of Miss. River ...................... 45,277 23,588 68,865 44,838 23,767 68,605 1.0 -0.8 0.4

West of Miss. River ..................... 4,823 13,904 18,727 4,737 13,377 18,114 1.8 3.9 3.4

 

 

U.S. Subtotal ................................ 50,100 37,492 87,592 49,575 37,144 86,719 1.1 0.9 1.0

 

Refuse Recovery .......................... - - 163 - - 140 - - 16.4

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 50,100 37,492 87,755 49,575 37,144 86,859 1.1 0.9 1.0 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 39

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 

2009 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1, and Mine Type 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Total Number 

1,000 and of Employees

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero2

Alabama ....................................................... 2,203 409 601 490 309 120 25 101 4,258

 Underground ............................................. 2,202 309 1 78 - - - 65 2,655

 Surface ...................................................... 1 100 600 412 309 120 25 36 1,603

Alaska ........................................................... 119 - - - - - - - 119

 Surface ...................................................... 119 - - - - - - - 119

Arizona ......................................................... 425 - - - - - - - 425

 Surface ...................................................... 425 - - - - - - - 425

Arkansas ...................................................... - - - - - - 18 - 18

 Underground ............................................. - - - - - - 16 - 16

 Surface ...................................................... - - - - - - 2 - 2

Colorado ....................................................... 2,297 57 55 - - - 16 20 2,445

 Underground ............................................. 1,796 57 27 - - - 16 20 1,916

 Surface ...................................................... 501 - 28 - - - - - 529

Illinois ........................................................... 2,860 237 231 86 - 2 - 132 3,548

 Underground ............................................. 2,708 94 116 56 - - - 94 3,068

 Surface ...................................................... 152 143 115 30 - 2 - 38 480

Indiana ......................................................... 2,766 201 204 48 62 54 - 100 3,435

 Underground ............................................. 1,513 74 - - - 54 - 54 1,695

 Surface ...................................................... 1,253 127 204 48 62 - - 46 1,740

Kansas .......................................................... - - - 31 - - - - 31

 Surface ...................................................... - - - 31 - - - - 31

Kentucky Total ............................................ 3,791 3,990 3,590 2,118 1,480 1,374 554 1,953 18,850

 Underground ............................................. 3,014 3,032 1,957 951 867 808 180 1,234 12,043

 Surface ...................................................... 777 958 1,633 1,167 613 566 374 719 6,807

 Eastern ....................................................... 1,152 3,464 3,409 2,042 1,458 1,374 550 1,698 15,147

 Underground ............................................. 641 2,564 1,890 951 866 808 180 1,059 8,959

 Surface ...................................................... 511 900 1,519 1,091 592 566 370 639 6,188

 Western ...................................................... 2,639 526 181 76 22 - 4 255 3,703

 Underground ............................................. 2,373 468 67 - 1 - - 175 3,084

 Surface ...................................................... 266 58 114 76 21 - 4 80 619

Louisiana ...................................................... 213 50 - - - - - - 263

 Surface ...................................................... 213 50 - - - - - - 263

Maryland ..................................................... - 46 162 18 56 40 21 45 388

 Underground ............................................. - - 69 - - - - 39 108

 Surface ...................................................... - 46 93 18 56 40 21 6 280

Mississippi .................................................... 200 - - - - - - - 200

 Surface ...................................................... 200 - - - - - - - 200

Missouri ....................................................... - - 10 13 - - - - 23

 Surface ...................................................... - - 10 13 - - - - 23

Montana ....................................................... 967 155 11 - - - - - 1,133

 Underground ............................................. - 155 - - - - - - 155

 Surface ...................................................... 967 - 11 - - - - - 978

New Mexico .................................................. 1,422 - - - - - - - 1,422

 Underground ............................................. 462 - - - - - - - 462

 Surface ...................................................... 960 - - - - - - - 960

North Dakota ............................................... 1,033 - - - - - - 4 1,037

 Surface ...................................................... 1,033 - - - - - - 4 1,037

Ohio .............................................................. 1,529 559 350 149 118 76 65 161 3,007

 Underground ............................................. 1,190 190 188 60 6 - 24 73 1,731

 Surface ...................................................... 339 369 162 89 112 76 41 88 1,276

Oklahoma ..................................................... - - 52 79 43 84 2 - 260

 Underground ............................................. - - 52 - - - - - 52

 Surface ...................................................... - - - 79 43 84 2 - 208

Pennsylvania Total ...................................... 3,561 909 1,015 633 471 474 265 753 8,081

 Underground ............................................. 3,561 715 624 204 59 34 70 291 5,558

 Surface ...................................................... - 194 391 429 412 440 195 462 2,523

 Anthracite .................................................. - - 31 118 182 123 84 403 941

 Underground ............................................. - - - 41 - 27 29 71 168

 Surface ...................................................... - - 31 77 182 96 55 332 773

 Bituminous ................................................. 3,561 909 984 515 289 351 181 350 7,140

 Underground ............................................. 3,561 715 624 163 59 7 41 220 5,390

 Surface ...................................................... - 194 360 352 230 344 140 130 1,750

Tennessee ..................................................... - - 248 97 155 163 33 85 781

 Underground ............................................. - - 121 87 - 90 23 45 366

 Surface ...................................................... - - 127 10 155 73 10 40 415

Texas ............................................................. 2,114 392 - - - - - - 2,506

 Surface ...................................................... 2,114 392 - - - - - - 2,506

Utah .............................................................. 1,690 80 - 83 - - - 138 1,991

 Underground ............................................. 1,690 80 - 83 - - - 132 1,985

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
40 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 

2009 (Continued) 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1, and Mine Type 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Total Number 

1,000 and of Employees

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero 2

Utah (continued) 

 Surface ...................................................... - - - - - - - 6 6

Virginia ........................................................ 823 220 1,777 446 361 351 91 528 4,646

 Underground ............................................. 823 - 1,199 346 189 192 45 375 3,211

 Surface ...................................................... - 220 578 100 172 159 46 153 1,435

West Virginia Total .................................... 7,249 4,661 4,163 1,737 760 673 188 2,240 21,671

 Underground ............................................. 4,234 3,266 3,376 1,261 637 494 99 1,475 14,842

 Surface ...................................................... 3,015 1,395 787 476 123 179 89 765 6,829

 Northern ..................................................... 3,180 367 675 84 77 215 19 292 4,909

 Underground ............................................. 2,879 321 640 72 61 127 - 176 4,276

 Surface ...................................................... 301 46 35 12 16 88 19 116 633

 Southern ..................................................... 4,069 4,294 3,488 1,653 683 458 169 1,948 16,762

 Underground ............................................. 1,355 2,945 2,736 1,189 576 367 99 1,299 10,566

 Surface ...................................................... 2,714 1,349 752 464 107 91 70 649 6,196

Wyoming ...................................................... 7,001 27 - - - 4 17 5 7,054

 Underground ............................................. 235 - - - - - - 2 237

 Surface ...................................................... 6,766 27 - - - 4 17 3 6,817

 

Appalachian Total ....................................... 16,517 10,268 11,725 5,612 3,688 3,271 1,238 5,611 57,979

 Underground ............................................. 12,651 7,044 7,468 2,987 1,757 1,618 441 3,422 37,430

 Surface ...................................................... 3,866 3,224 4,257 2,625 1,931 1,653 797 2,189 20,549

 Northern ..................................................... 8,270 1,881 2,202 884 722 805 370 1,251 16,385

 Underground ............................................. 7,630 1,226 1,521 336 126 161 94 579 11,673

 Surface ...................................................... 640 655 681 548 596 644 276 672 4,712

 Central ....................................................... 6,044 7,978 8,922 4,238 2,657 2,346 843 4,257 37,334

 Underground ............................................. 2,819 5,509 5,946 2,573 1,631 1,457 347 2,777 23,101

 Surface ...................................................... 3,225 2,469 2,976 1,665 1,026 889 496 1,480 14,233

 Southern ..................................................... 2,203 409 601 490 309 120 25 103 4,260

 Underground ............................................. 2,202 309 1 78 - - - 66 2,656

 Surface ...................................................... 1 100 600 412 309 120 25 37 1,604

Interior Total ............................................... 10,792 1,406 678 333 127 140 24 487 13,987

 Underground ............................................. 6,594 636 235 56 1 54 16 323 7,915

 Surface ...................................................... 4,198 770 443 277 126 86 8 164 6,072

 Illinois Basin .............................................. 8,265 964 616 210 84 56 4 487 10,686

 Underground ............................................. 6,594 636 183 56 1 54 - 323 7,847

 Surface ...................................................... 1,671 328 433 154 83 2 4 164 2,839

Western Total .............................................. 14,954 319 66 83 - 4 33 167 15,626

 Underground ............................................. 4,183 292 27 83 - - 16 154 4,755

 Surface ...................................................... 10,771 27 39 - - 4 17 13 10,871

 Powder River Basin .................................. 7,063 - - - - - - 5 7,068

 Underground ............................................. - - - - - - - 2 2

 Surface ...................................................... 7,063 - - - - - - 3 7,066

 Uinta Region .............................................. 3,987 80 27 83 - - - 143 4,320

 Underground ............................................. 3,486 80 27 83 - - - 137 3,813

 Surface ...................................................... 501 - - - - - - 6 507

 

East of Miss. River ...................................... 24,982 11,232 12,341 5,822 3,772 3,327 1,242 6,098 68,865

 Underground ............................................. 19,245 7,680 7,651 3,043 1,758 1,672 441 3,745 45,277

 Surface ...................................................... 5,737 3,552 4,690 2,779 2,014 1,655 801 2,353 23,588

West of Miss. River ..................................... 17,281 761 128 206 43 88 53 167 18,727

 Underground ............................................. 4,183 292 79 83 - - 32 154 4,823

 Surface ...................................................... 13,098 469 49 123 43 88 21 13 13,904

 

Subtotal ........................................................ 42,263 11,993 12,469 6,028 3,815 3,415 1,295 6,265 87,592

 Underground ............................................. 23,428 7,972 7,730 3,126 1,758 1,672 473 3,899 50,100

 Surface ...................................................... 18,835 4,021 4,739 2,902 2,057 1,743 822 2,366 37,492

 

Refuse Recovery .......................................... - 6 21 49 21 38 28 - 163

 

U.S. Total ....................................................  . 42,263 11,999 12,490 6,077 3,836 3,453 1,323 6,265 87,755

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office 

workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 41

Table 20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2009 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Union2 Nonunion2

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama ................................................ 2,549 50 106 1,545

Alaska ................................................... - 119 - -

Arizona .................................................. - 425 - -

Colorado ................................................ 173 205 1,727 324

Illinois ................................................... 785 38 2,283 460

Indiana ................................................... - - 1,695 1,752

Kansas ................................................... - - - 31

Kentucky Total...................................... 618 130 11,245 6,329

 Eastern ................................................. 152 130 8,627 5,700

 Western ............................................... 466 - 2,618 629

Louisiana ............................................... - - - 263

Maryland ............................................... - - 108 259

Mississippi ............................................ - - - 200

Missouri ................................................ - - - 23

Montana ................................................ - 741 155 237

New Mexico .......................................... 462 656 - 304

North Dakota ......................................... - 285 - 752

Ohio ....................................................... 569 9 1,138 1,242

Oklahoma .............................................. - - 52 206

Pennsylvania Total ................................ 2,260 351 3,228 2,008

 Anthracite ............................................ 20 286 119 441

 Bituminous .......................................... 2,240 65 3,109 1,567

Tennessee .............................................. - - 343 405

Texas ..................................................... - 1,595 - 911

Utah ....................................................... 652 - 1,333 6

Virginia ................................................. 308 43 2,858 1,346

West Virginia Total .............................. 4,440 1,028 10,303 5,727

 Northern .............................................. 2,864 - 1,412 614

 Southern .............................................. 1,576 1,028 8,891 5,113

Wyoming ............................................... 235 492 2 6,308

 

Appalachian Total ............................... 10,278 1,611 26,711 18,232

 Northern ............................................. 5,693 360 5,886 4,123

 Central ................................................ 2,036 1,201 20,718 12,563

 Southern ............................................. 2,549 50 107 1,546

Interior Total ....................................... 1,251 1,633 6,648 4,475

 Illinois Basin ...................................... 1,251 38 6,596 2,841

Western Total ...................................... 1,522 2,923 3,217 7,931

 Powder River Basin ........................... - 730 2 6,336

 Uinta Region ...................................... 825 177 2,988 330

 

East of Miss. River .............................. 11,529 1,649 33,307 21,273

West of Miss. River ............................. 1,522 4,518 3,269 9,365

 

U.S. Total ............................................. 13,051 6,167 36,576 30,638 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
42 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 43

Productivity 
44 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2009, 2008 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, and 

Mine Type 

Number of Mining Operations2

 Number of Employees3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons)4

2009 2008 Percent 

Change 2009 2008 Percent 

Change 2009 2008 Percent Change 

Alabama ....................................... 71 73 -2.7 4,258 4,270 -0.3 1.98 2.03 -2.8

 Underground .............................. 12 13 -7.7 2,655 2,748 -3.4 1.87 1.87 *

 Surface ....................................... 59 60 -1.7 1,603 1,522 5.3 2.18 2.34 -6.9

Alaska ........................................... 1 1 - 119 104 14.4 6.58 6.29 4.7

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 119 104 14.4 6.58 6.29 4.7

Arizona ......................................... 1 1 - 425 419 1.4 7.47 8.03 -7.0

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 425 419 1.4 7.47 8.03 -7.0

Arkansas ...................................... 2 2 - 18 93 -80.6 0.13 0.33 -58.8

 Underground .............................. 1 1 - 16 91 -82.4 0.12 0.32 -61.1

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 2 2 - 0.26 1.37 -80.7

Colorado ....................................... 13 13 - 2,445 2,285 7.0 5.57 6.58 -15.4

 Underground .............................. 10 9 11.1 1,916 1,759 8.9 5.56 6.43 -13.5

 Surface ....................................... 3 4 -25.0 529 526 0.6 5.58 7.10 -21.4

Illinois ........................................... 32 26 23.1 3,548 3,368 5.3 4.14 4.21 -1.7

 Underground .............................. 20 15 33.3 3,068 2,907 5.5 4.03 4.03 0.1

 Surface ....................................... 12 11 9.1 480 461 4.1 4.82 5.34 -9.6

Indiana ......................................... 44 42 4.8 3,435 3,083 11.4 4.18 4.51 -7.3

 Underground .............................. 12 12 - 1,695 1,387 22.2 3.07 3.40 -9.6

 Surface ....................................... 32 30 6.7 1,740 1,696 2.6 5.24 5.42 -3.4

Kansas .......................................... 1 3 -66.7 31 59 -47.5 2.39 2.11 13.3

 Surface ....................................... 1 3 -66.7 31 59 -47.5 2.39 2.11 13.3

Kentucky Total ............................ 590 600 -1.7 18,850 18,906 -0.3 2.57 2.82 -8.9

 Underground .............................. 268 281 -4.6 12,043 11,981 0.5 2.32 2.52 -7.9

 Surface ....................................... 322 319 0.9 6,807 6,925 -1.7 3.05 3.39 -10.1

 Eastern ....................................... 550 564 -2.5 15,147 15,663 -3.3 2.27 2.61 -12.8

 Underground .............................. 247 262 -5.7 8,959 9,239 -3.0 1.89 2.15 -11.9

 Surface ....................................... 303 302 0.3 6,188 6,424 -3.7 2.84 3.28 -13.4

 Western ...................................... 40 36 11.1 3,703 3,243 14.2 3.68 3.76 -2.1

 Underground .............................. 21 19 10.5 3,084 2,742 12.5 3.42 3.59 -4.7

 Surface ....................................... 19 17 11.8 619 501 23.6 5.16 4.95 4.3

Louisiana ...................................... 2 2 - 263 251 4.8 6.69 7.37 -9.2

 Surface ....................................... 2 2 - 263 251 4.8 6.69 7.37 -9.2

Maryland ..................................... 25 24 4.2 388 401 -3.2 2.84 3.17 -10.5

 Underground .............................. 3 3 - 108 136 -20.6 2.08 2.39 -12.9

 Surface ....................................... 22 21 4.8 280 265 5.7 3.15 3.59 -12.2

Mississippi .................................... 1 1 - 200 166 20.5 8.17 8.51 -4.0

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 200 166 20.5 8.17 8.51 -4.0

Missouri ....................................... 2 2 - 23 12 91.7 7.42 9.18 -19.2

 Surface ....................................... 2 2 - 23 12 91.7 7.42 9.18 -19.2

Montana ....................................... 6 6 - 1,133 1,035 9.5 16.78 20.75 -19.1

 Underground .............................. 1 1 - 155 45 244.4 2.22 1.88 18.3

 Surface ....................................... 5 5 - 978 990 -1.2 19.31 21.56 -10.4

New Mexico .................................. 5 5 - 1,422 1,445 -1.6 9.01 8.72 3.4

 Underground .............................. 1 1 - 462 476 -2.9 7.27 7.14 1.8

 Surface ....................................... 4 4 - 960 969 -0.9 9.83 9.51 3.4

North Dakota ............................... 5 4 25.0 1,037 985 5.3 14.86 15.50 -4.2

 Surface ....................................... 5 4 25.0 1,037 985 5.3 14.86 15.50 -4.2

Ohio .............................................. 62 63 -1.6 3,007 2,749 9.4 3.96 4.32 -8.3

 Underground .............................. 19 18 5.6 1,731 1,507 14.9 4.39 5.00 -12.3

 Surface ....................................... 43 45 -4.4 1,276 1,242 2.7 3.40 3.45 -1.5

Oklahoma ..................................... 10 7 42.9 260 196 32.7 2.15 2.88 -25.5

 Underground .............................. 1 1 - 52 49 6.1 2.79 3.47 -19.7

 Surface ....................................... 9 6 50.0 208 147 41.5 1.86 2.69 -30.8

Pennsylvania Total ...................... 334 361 -7.5 8,081 8,220 -1.7 3.36 3.53 -4.9

 Underground .............................. 84 90 -6.7 5,558 5,535 0.4 3.89 4.09 -4.9

 Surface ....................................... 250 271 -7.7 2,523 2,685 -6.0 1.96 2.20 -11.1

 Anthracite .................................. 114 120 -5.0 941 929 1.3 0.95 0.91 4.5

 Underground .............................. 26 32 -18.8 168 204 -17.6 0.54 0.63 -13.6

 Surface ....................................... 88 88 - 773 725 6.6 1.04 0.99 5.8

 Bituminous ................................. 220 241 -8.7 7,140 7,291 -2.1 3.64 3.82 -4.8

 Underground .............................. 58 58 - 5,390 5,331 1.1 3.98 4.19 -5.2

 Surface ....................................... 162 183 -11.5 1,750 1,960 -10.7 2.37 2.65 -10.3

Tennessee ..................................... 36 34 5.9 781 611 27.8 1.35 1.87 -27.8

 Underground .............................. 13 9 44.4 366 230 59.1 1.26 1.65 -23.6

 Surface ....................................... 23 25 -8.0 415 381 8.9 1.43 2.01 -29.0

Texas ............................................. 12 11 9.1 2,506 2,326 7.7 6.38 7.84 -18.6

 Surface ....................................... 12 11 9.1 2,506 2,326 7.7 6.38 7.84 -18.6

Utah .............................................. 15 16 -6.3 1,991 2,077 -4.1 5.37 5.84 -8.1

 Underground .............................. 14 15 -6.7 1,985 2,070 -4.1 5.39 5.86 -8.0

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 45

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2009, 2008 (Continued) 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

 , 

and Mine Type 

Number of Mining Operations 2

 Number of Employees 3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons) 4

2009 2008 Percent 

Change 2009 2008 Percent 

Change 2009 2008 Percent Change 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 6 7 -14.3 - - -

Virginia ........................................ 145 153 -5.2 4,646 4,797 -3.1 2.10 2.29 -7.9

 Underground .............................. 75 87 -13.8 3,211 3,364 -4.5 1.90 2.10 -9.6

 Surface ....................................... 70 66 6.1 1,435 1,433 0.1 2.53 2.70 -6.1

West Virginia Total .................... 416 438 -5.0 21,671 22,034 -1.6 2.87 3.06 -6.0

 Underground .............................. 243 260 -6.5 14,842 15,043 -1.3 2.51 2.58 -2.7

 Surface ....................................... 173 178 -2.8 6,829 6,991 -2.3 3.63 4.00 -9.2

 Northern ..................................... 57 64 -10.9 4,909 4,901 0.2 3.50 3.68 -5.1

 Underground .............................. 31 33 -6.1 4,276 4,213 1.5 3.41 3.54 -3.7

 Surface ....................................... 26 31 -16.1 633 688 -8.0 4.15 4.57 -9.2

 Southern ..................................... 359 374 -4.0 16,762 17,133 -2.2 2.69 2.88 -6.8

 Underground .............................. 212 227 -6.6 10,566 10,830 -2.4 2.12 2.20 -3.8

 Surface ....................................... 147 147 - 6,196 6,303 -1.7 3.59 3.94 -9.1

Wyoming ...................................... 22 22 - 7,054 6,827 3.3 29.74 32.18 -7.6

 Underground .............................. 2 2 - 237 247 -4.0 6.14 6.87 -10.7

 Surface ....................................... 20 20 - 6,817 6,580 3.6 30.70 33.10 -7.2

 

Appalachian Total ....................... 1,639 1,710 -4.2 57,979 58,745 -1.3 2.70 2.91 -7.4

 Underground .............................. 696 742 -6.2 37,430 37,802 -1.0 2.55 2.70 -5.5

 Surface ....................................... 943 968 -2.6 20,549 20,943 -1.9 2.97 3.30 -10.1

 Northern ..................................... 478 512 -6.6 16,385 16,271 0.7 3.50 3.70 -5.2

 Underground .............................. 137 144 -4.9 11,673 11,391 2.5 3.77 3.99 -5.4

 Surface ....................................... 341 368 -7.3 4,712 4,880 -3.4 2.77 2.96 -6.4

 Central ....................................... 1,088 1,125 -3.3 37,334 38,204 -2.3 2.42 2.68 -9.8

 Underground .............................. 546 585 -6.7 23,101 23,663 -2.4 1.99 2.16 -8.1

 Surface ....................................... 542 540 0.4 14,233 14,541 -2.1 3.11 3.50 -11.2

 Southern ..................................... 73 73 - 4,260 4,270 -0.2 1.98 2.03 -2.8

 Underground .............................. 13 13 - 2,656 2,748 -3.3 1.87 1.87 -0.1

 Surface ....................................... 60 60 - 1,604 1,522 5.4 2.17 2.34 -6.9

Interior Total ............................... 146 132 10.6 13,987 12,797 9.3 4.47 4.81 -7.2

 Underground .............................. 55 48 14.6 7,915 7,176 10.3 3.56 3.68 -3.2

 Surface ....................................... 91 84 8.3 6,072 5,621 8.0 5.72 6.38 -10.3

 Illinois Basin .............................. 116 104 11.5 10,686 9,694 10.2 3.99 4.16 -4.0

 Underground .............................. 53 46 15.2 7,847 7,036 11.5 3.57 3.72 -4.0

 Surface ....................................... 63 58 8.6 2,839 2,658 6.8 5.15 5.34 -3.4

Western Total .............................. 68 68 - 15,626 15,177 3.0 18.25 19.91 -8.4

 Underground .............................. 28 28 - 4,755 4,597 3.4 5.56 6.23 -10.8

 Surface ....................................... 40 40 - 10,871 10,580 2.8 23.86 25.77 -7.4

 Powder River Basin .................. 19 19 - 7,068 6,837 3.4 31.46 33.91 -7.2

 Underground .............................. 1 1 - 2 22 -90.9 - - -

 Surface ....................................... 18 18 - 7,066 6,815 3.7 31.47 34.00 -7.5

 Uinta Region .............................. 24 25 -4.0 4,320 4,260 1.4 5.49 6.30 -12.8

 Underground .............................. 21 22 -4.5 3,813 3,763 1.3 5.50 6.20 -11.3

 Surface ....................................... 3 3 - 507 497 2.0 5.43 7.01 -22.6

 

East of Miss. River ...................... 1,756 1,815 -3.3 68,865 68,605 0.4 2.93 3.11 -5.9

 Underground .............................. 749 788 -4.9 45,277 44,838 1.0 2.74 2.87 -4.5

 Surface ....................................... 1,007 1,027 -1.9 23,588 23,767 -0.8 3.30 3.57 -7.7

West of Miss. River ..................... 97 95 2.1 18,727 18,114 3.4 16.15 17.77 -9.1

 Underground .............................. 30 30 - 4,823 4,737 1.8 5.51 6.07 -9.3

 Surface ....................................... 67 65 3.1 13,904 13,377 3.9 19.85 21.85 -9.2

 

Subtotal ........................................ 1,853 1,910 -3.0 87,592 86,719 1.0 5.60 5.96 -6.0

 Underground .............................. 779 818 -4.8 50,100 49,575 1.1 2.99 3.15 -5.0

 Surface ....................................... 1,074 1,092 -1.6 37,492 37,144 0.9 9.22 9.82 -6.1

 

Refuse Recovery .......................... 32 23 39.1 163 140 16.4 9.60 6.78 41.7

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 1  ,885 1,933 -2.5 87,755 86,859 1.0 5.61 5.96 -5.9

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant or preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal are reported as two operations. 3

 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 4

 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair 

shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
46 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2009 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2 Conventional and 

Other3 Longwall4

 Total 

Alabama ................................................... 0.92 - 1.91 1.87

Colorado ................................................... 4.16 - 5.64 5.57

Illinois ...................................................... 3.67 3.34 4.84 4.06

Indiana ...................................................... 3.14 - - 3.14

Kentucky Total......................................... 2.32 2.44 1.93 2.32

 Eastern .................................................... 1.87 2.44 1.93 1.90

 Western .................................................. 3.43 - - 3.43

Maryland .................................................. 2.08 - - 2.08

Montana ................................................... - - 2.22 2.22

New Mexico ............................................. - - 7.27 7.27

Ohio .......................................................... 3.11 - 5.28 4.46

Oklahoma ................................................. 2.79 - - 2.79

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 2.81 0.46 4.43 3.91

 Anthracite ............................................... 0.60 0.46 - 0.55

 Bituminous ............................................. 2.93 - 4.43 3.99

Tennessee ................................................. 1.31 - - 1.31

Utah .......................................................... 3.05 - 5.55 5.38

Virginia .................................................... 1.82 - 2.56 1.94

West Virginia Total ................................. 2.07 - 3.43 2.51

 Northern ................................................. 2.33 - 3.77 3.43

 Southern ................................................. 2.04 - 2.64 2.12

Wyoming .................................................. - - 6.14 6.14

Appalachian Total .................................. 2.04 2.25 3.54 2.57

 Northern ................................................ 2.70 0.46 4.28 3.80

 Central ................................................... 1.93 2.44 2.61 2.00

 Southern ................................................ 0.92 - 1.91 1.87

Interior Total .......................................... 3.40 3.34 4.84 3.59

 Illinois Basin ......................................... 3.41 3.34 4.84 3.60

Western Total ......................................... 3.49 - 5.66 5.56

 Powder River Basin .............................. - - - -

 Uinta Region ......................................... 3.22 - 5.60 5.50

East of Miss. River ................................. 2.35 2.71 3.64 2.76

West of Miss. River ................................ 3.33 - 5.66 5.53

U.S. Total ................................................ 2.36 2.71 4.11 3.01 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or 

a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

4

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand alone mines. Productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair 

shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee 

hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 47

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2009 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1, 

and Mine Type 

Mine Production Range 

(Thousand Short Tons) Total2

1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Alabama ....................................................... 2.04 1.55 2.40 2.07 1.86 1.30 0.24 1.98

 Underground ............................................. 2.04 1.25 - 1.06 - - - 1.87

 Surface ...................................................... - 2.33 2.41 2.32 1.86 1.30 0.24 2.18

Alaska ........................................................... 6.58 - - - - - - 6.58

 Surface ...................................................... 6.58 - - - - - - 6.58

Arizona ......................................................... 7.47 - - - - - - 7.47

 Surface ...................................................... 7.47 - - - - - - 7.47

Arkansas ...................................................... - - - - - - 0.13 0.13

 Underground ............................................. - - - - - - 0.12 0.12

 Surface ...................................................... - - - - - - 0.26 0.26

Colorado ....................................................... 5.63 4.32 5.35 - - - 0.22 5.57

 Underground ............................................. 5.67 4.32 3.98 - - - 0.22 5.56

 Surface ...................................................... 5.51 - 7.02 - - - - 5.58

Illinois ........................................................... 4.36 4.78 3.04 3.02 - 6.57 - 4.14

 Underground ............................................. 4.28 3.06 2.22 3.26 - - - 4.03

 Surface ...................................................... 5.87 5.94 3.84 2.56 - 6.57 - 4.82

Indiana ......................................................... 4.28 4.89 5.22 1.03 4.17 0.32 - 4.18

 Underground ............................................. 3.22 3.58 - - - 0.32 - 3.07

 Surface ...................................................... 5.54 5.62 5.22 1.03 4.17 - - 5.24

Kansas .......................................................... - - - 2.39 - - - 2.39

 Surface ...................................................... - - - 2.39 - - - 2.39

Kentucky Total ............................................ 4.00 2.82 2.73 2.36 1.90 1.67 0.51 2.57

 Underground ............................................. 3.59 2.35 2.27 2.00 1.76 1.46 0.27 2.32

 Surface ...................................................... 5.51 4.38 3.26 2.69 2.08 1.89 0.62 3.05

 Eastern ....................................................... 3.57 2.79 2.70 2.34 1.90 1.67 0.50 2.27

 Underground ............................................. 2.55 2.31 2.26 2.00 1.76 1.46 0.27 1.89

 Surface ...................................................... 4.78 4.20 3.24 2.66 2.09 1.89 0.61 2.84

 Western ...................................................... 4.19 3.03 3.27 3.29 1.81 - 6.52 3.68

 Underground ............................................. 3.87 2.59 2.56 - - - - 3.42

 Surface ...................................................... 6.97 9.56 3.67 3.29 1.95 - 6.52 5.16

Louisiana ...................................................... 6.68 6.73 - - - - - 6.69

 Surface ...................................................... 6.68 6.73 - - - - - 6.69

Maryland ..................................................... - 5.27 3.43 4.31 1.96 1.78 1.26 2.84

 Underground ............................................. - - 3.37 - - - - 2.08

 Surface ...................................................... - 5.27 3.48 4.31 1.96 1.78 1.26 3.15

Mississippi .................................................... 8.17 - - - - - - 8.17

 Surface ...................................................... 8.17 - - - - - - 8.17

Missouri ....................................................... - - 9.71 5.65 - - - 7.42

 Surface ...................................................... - - 9.71 5.65 - - - 7.42

Montana ....................................................... 19.37 2.22 14.46 - - - - 16.78

 Underground ............................................. - 2.22 - - - - - 2.22

 Surface ...................................................... 19.37 - 14.46 - - - - 19.31

New Mexico .................................................. 9.01 - - - - - - 9.01

 Underground ............................................. 7.27 - - - - - - 7.27

 Surface ...................................................... 9.83 - - - - - - 9.83

North Dakota ............................................... 14.90 - - - - - - 14.86

 Surface ...................................................... 14.90 - - - - - - 14.86

Ohio .............................................................. 4.98 3.71 3.41 2.84 1.77 1.61 0.41 3.96

 Underground ............................................. 5.14 3.77 2.98 2.60 - - 0.10 4.39

 Surface ...................................................... 4.49 3.69 3.88 2.99 1.89 1.61 0.89 3.40

Oklahoma ..................................................... - - 2.79 1.77 1.63 2.36 0.47 2.15

 Underground ............................................. - - 2.79 - - - - 2.79

 Surface ...................................................... - - - 1.77 1.63 2.36 0.47 1.86

Pennsylvania Total ...................................... 4.67 2.22 3.38 2.55 1.86 2.17 1.12 3.36

 Underground ............................................. 4.67 2.32 3.46 1.98 2.30 1.30 0.44 3.89

 Surface ...................................................... - 1.79 3.25 2.83 1.82 2.24 1.42 1.96

 Anthracite .................................................. - - 4.68 1.15 1.48 2.21 0.71 0.95

 Underground ............................................. - - - 1.27 - 0.96 0.42 0.54

 Surface ...................................................... - - 4.68 1.06 1.48 2.55 0.87 1.04

 Bituminous ................................................. 4.67 2.22 3.33 2.83 2.09 2.16 1.48 3.64

 Underground ............................................. 4.67 2.32 3.46 2.17 2.30 3.20 0.46 3.98

 Surface ...................................................... - 1.79 3.10 3.13 2.06 2.14 1.86 2.37

Tennessee ..................................................... - - 1.62 1.98 1.45 1.28 0.36 1.35

 Underground ............................................. - - 1.64 1.64 - 1.12 0.32 1.26

 Surface ...................................................... - - 1.61 4.05 1.45 1.35 0.59 1.43

Texas ............................................................. 6.94 3.05 - - - - - 6.38

 Surface ...................................................... 6.94 3.05 - - - - - 6.38

Utah .............................................................. 5.89 6.31 - 1.19 - - - 5.37

 Underground ............................................. 5.89 6.31 - 1.19 - - - 5.39

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
48 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2009 (Continued) 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

, 

and Mine Type 

Mine Production Range 

(Thousand Short Tons) Total 2

1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface ...................................................... - - - - - - - -

Virginia ........................................................ 2.59 3.07 2.67 1.89 1.97 1.16 0.88 2.10

 Underground ............................................. 2.59 - 2.25 1.75 1.82 1.25 1.14 1.90

 Surface ...................................................... - 3.07 3.46 2.39 2.14 1.08 0.84 2.53

West Virginia Total .................................... 4.19 3.04 2.28 2.28 1.67 1.28 0.62 2.87

 Underground ............................................. 4.06 2.53 1.92 1.97 1.60 1.01 0.66 2.51

 Surface ...................................................... 4.36 4.18 3.72 3.40 1.98 1.84 0.59 3.63

 Northern ..................................................... 4.32 4.01 1.15 2.57 3.13 1.13 0.31 3.50

 Underground ............................................. 4.22 3.54 0.89 2.01 3.00 0.57 - 3.41

 Surface ...................................................... 5.26 7.12 6.48 6.44 3.47 1.92 0.31 4.15

 Southern ..................................................... 4.09 2.96 2.50 2.26 1.58 1.35 0.70 2.69

 Underground ............................................. 3.72 2.42 2.18 1.97 1.51 1.17 0.66 2.12

 Surface ...................................................... 4.27 4.08 3.61 3.30 1.84 1.79 0.73 3.59

Wyoming ...................................................... 29.93 11.63 - - - 2.59 0.21 29.74

 Underground ............................................. 6.18 - - - - - - 6.14

 Surface ...................................................... 30.89 11.63 - - - 2.59 0.21 30.70

 

Appalachian Total ....................................... 3.97 2.88 2.59 2.29 1.84 1.58 0.68 2.70

 Underground ............................................. 3.82 2.40 2.22 1.92 1.72 1.27 0.35 2.55

 Surface ...................................................... 4.43 3.90 3.22 2.74 1.93 1.81 0.85 2.97

 Northern ..................................................... 4.59 3.16 2.68 2.64 1.93 1.85 0.92 3.50

 Underground ............................................. 4.57 2.88 2.27 2.10 2.34 0.74 0.31 3.77

 Surface ...................................................... 4.82 3.64 3.59 2.97 1.87 2.10 1.21 2.77

 Central ....................................................... 3.81 2.89 2.59 2.25 1.81 1.48 0.55 2.42

 Underground ............................................. 3.14 2.37 2.21 1.94 1.69 1.34 0.37 1.99

 Surface ...................................................... 4.35 4.04 3.30 2.78 1.99 1.66 0.64 3.11

 Southern ..................................................... 2.04 1.55 2.40 2.07 1.86 1.30 0.24 1.98

 Underground ............................................. 2.04 1.25 - 1.06 - - - 1.87

 Surface ...................................................... - 2.33 2.41 2.32 1.86 1.30 0.24 2.17

Interior Total ............................................... 4.87 3.75 3.95 2.43 2.60 1.01 0.20 4.47

 Underground ............................................. 3.88 2.77 2.45 3.26 - 0.32 0.12 3.56

 Surface ...................................................... 6.49 4.69 4.67 2.27 2.65 2.51 0.80 5.72

 Illinois Basin .............................................. 4.28 3.86 3.95 2.44 3.21 0.42 6.52 3.99

 Underground ............................................. 3.88 2.77 2.34 3.26 - 0.32 - 3.57

 Surface ...................................................... 5.79 6.19 4.54 2.13 3.31 6.57 6.52 5.15

Western Total .............................................. 18.86 4.26 6.87 1.19 - 2.59 0.21 18.25

 Underground ............................................. 5.95 3.38 3.98 1.19 - - 0.22 5.56

 Surface ...................................................... 24.02 11.63 9.31 - - 2.59 0.21 23.86

 Powder River Basin .................................. 31.48 - - - - - - 31.46

 Underground ............................................. - - - - - - - -

 Surface ...................................................... 31.48 - - - - - - 31.47

 Uinta Region .............................................. 5.74 6.31 3.98 1.19 - - - 5.49

 Underground ............................................. 5.77 6.31 3.98 1.19 - - - 5.50

 Surface ...................................................... 5.51 - - - - - - 5.43

 

East of Miss. River ...................................... 4.10 2.96 2.66 2.30 1.86 1.54 0.68 2.93

 Underground ............................................. 3.84 2.43 2.22 1.95 1.72 1.20 0.35 2.74

 Surface ...................................................... 4.94 4.10 3.34 2.71 1.98 1.82 0.85 3.30

West of Miss. River ..................................... 17.15 3.80 5.28 1.96 1.63 2.38 0.18 16.15

 Underground ............................................. 5.95 3.38 3.17 1.19 - - 0.14 5.51

 Surface ...................................................... 20.77 4.04 9.41 2.41 1.63 2.38 0.22 19.85

 

Subtotal ........................................................ 9.00 3.01 2.69 2.29 1.86 1.56 0.65 5.60

 Underground ............................................. 4.18 2.46 2.23 1.93 1.72 1.20 0.33 2.99

 Surface ...................................................... 15.33 4.09 3.40 2.70 1.97 1.83 0.82 9.22

 

Refuse Recovery .......................................... - 49.19 9.47 8.91 11.88 4.30 1.01 9.60

 

U.S. Total ....................................................  . 9.00 3.03 2.70 2.34 1.90 1.59 0.66 5.61

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, 

development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, 

which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 49

Table 24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2009 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Union Nonunion 

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama ................................................ 1.92 2.39 0.81 2.17

Alaska ................................................... - 6.58 - -

Arizona .................................................. - 7.47 - -

Colorado ................................................ 6.44 5.85 5.49 5.41

Illinois ................................................... 2.76 - 4.44 5.19

Indiana ................................................... - - 3.07 5.24

Kansas ................................................... - - - 2.39

Kentucky Total...................................... 3.01 2.88 2.28 3.09

 Eastern ................................................. 1.58 2.88 1.90 2.88

 Western ............................................... 3.51 - 3.41 5.16

Louisiana ............................................... - - - 6.69

Maryland ............................................... - - 2.08 3.25

Mississippi ............................................ - - - 8.17

Missouri ................................................ - - - 7.42

Montana ................................................ - 14.01 2.22 35.37

New Mexico .......................................... 7.27 8.61 - 12.43

North Dakota ......................................... - 13.14 - 15.45

Ohio ....................................................... 5.07 - 4.12 3.45

Oklahoma .............................................. - - 2.79 1.86

Pennsylvania Total ................................ 3.30 0.91 4.32 2.16

 Anthracite ............................................ - 0.77 0.63 1.21

 Bituminous .......................................... 3.32 1.48 4.45 2.43

Tennessee .............................................. - - 1.31 1.43

Texas ..................................................... - 5.97 - 7.13

Utah ....................................................... 4.79 - 5.64 -

Virginia ................................................. 1.25 0.16 1.97 2.62

West Virginia Total .............................. 2.92 3.18 2.32 3.74

 Northern .............................................. 3.71 - 2.68 4.26

 Southern .............................................. 1.30 3.18 2.27 3.69

Wyoming ............................................... 6.18 6.11 - 32.60

 

Appalachian Total ............................... 2.81 2.61 2.46 3.03

 Northern ............................................. 3.69 0.89 3.89 2.97

 Central ................................................ 1.32 3.05 2.06 3.14

 Southern ............................................. 1.92 2.39 0.80 2.17

Interior Total ....................................... 3.04 5.84 3.66 5.68

 Illinois Basin ...................................... 3.04 - 3.66 5.21

Western Total ...................................... 5.98 9.48 5.38 29.20

 Powder River Basin ........................... - 14.00 - 33.46

 Uinta Region ...................................... 5.16 5.69 5.59 5.29

 

East of Miss. River .............................. 2.83 2.55 2.72 3.38

West of Miss. River ............................. 5.98 8.17 5.33 25.71

 

U.S. Total ............................................. 3.15 6.60 2.94 9.83 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, 

development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation 

plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
50 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 51

Domestic Markets 
52 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2009 

 Company Name Plant Location 

Top Ten Manufacturers

 Alcoa Inc (Aluminum Company of America) (IN)

 American Crystal Sugar Co (MN)(ND)

 Archer Daniels Midland (IA)(IL)(MN)(ND)

 Cargill Incorporated (AL)(GA)(IA)(MI)(NC)(NY)(OH)(TN)

 Carmeuse Lime Inc (AL)(IL)(IN)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)(TN)(VA)

 Dakota Gasification Company (ND)

 Eastman Chemical Company (TN)

 Georgia-Pacific Wood Products LLC (AL)(GA)(OK)(VA)(WI)

 International Paper Co (AL)(FL)(GA)(LA)(NC)(SC)(VA)

New Page Corporation (MD)(MI)(WI)

Other Major Manufacturers

 Amalgamated Sugar Co, LLC (ID)

 Ash Grove Cement Co (AR)(KS)(MT)(NE)(OR)(TX)(UT)

 Blue Ridge Paper Prod Inc (NC)

 Buzzi Unicem USA (IL)(IN)(MO)(OK)(TX)

 Catalyst Paper Company (AZ)

 Cemex Inc (CA)(CO)(FL)(GA)(KY)(PA)(TN)

 Central Power & Lime Inc (FL)

 Colorado Golden Energy Corporation (CO)

 Domtar Paper Company (AR)(NC)(PA)(WI)

 Duke Energy Generating Services (VA)

 ESSROC Materials Inc (IN)(PA)

 Eastman Kodak Company (NY)

 FMC Corporation (WY)

 General Chemical Corporation (WY)

 Glatfelter Corp. (OH)(PA)

 Holcim (US) Inc (AL)(CO)(IA)(MD)(MI)(MS)(NY)(SC)(UT)

 Horsehead Corp (PA)

 Kennecott Utah Copper (UT)

 Lafarge North America (AL)(IA)(IL)(KS)(MI)(MO)(NY)(OK)(PA)(SC)(WA)

 Lehigh Cement Co (AL)(CA)(IA)(IN)(MD)(NY)(PA)

 Meadwestvaco Corporation (VA)

 Mississippi Lime Company (KY)(MO)

 Mittal Steel USA (IN)

Norit Americas Inc (OK)(TX)

 Searles Valley Minerals (CA)

 Silver Bay Power Company (MN)

 Smurfit Stone Container Corp (FL)(MI)(SC)(VA)

 Solvay Chemicals Inc (WY)

 TXI Operations, LP (CA)(TX)

 Tate and Lyle Ingredients Americas Inc (IL)(IN)(TN)

Top Ten Coke Producers

 AK Steel Corp (KY)(OH)

 DTE Energy Services (MI)(PA)

 Drummond Company Inc (AL)

 Erie Coke Corp (PA)

 Mittal Steel USA (IN)(OH)

 Mountain State Carbon (WV)

 SunCoke Energy, Inc (IL)(IN)(OH)(VA)

 Tonawanda Coke Corp (NY)

 United States Steel Corporation (IL)(IN)(PA)

 Walter Coke, Inc (AL) 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note:  Major manufactures are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. 

Manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration, Manufacturers: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing Plants;" and, Coke Plants: Form 

EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 53

Table 26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2009, 2008 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division 

and State 

2009 2008 Total 

Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Commercial

and 

Institutional

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Commercial 

and 

Institutional 

2009 2008 Percent 

Change 

New England......................... 6,330 W - - 8,410 W - - W W -25.4

 Connecticut ......................... 1,196 - - - 2,221 - - - 1,196 2,221 -46.1

 Maine .................................. 34 W - - 127 W - - W W -71.6

 Massachusetts ..................... 3,892 W - - 4,581 W - - W W -15.5

 New Hampshire .................. 1,208 - - - 1,481 - - - 1,208 1,481 -18.4

 Rhode Island ....................... - - - - - - - - - - -

 Vermont .............................. - - - - - - - - - - -

Middle Atlantic..................... 57,501 2,967 W W 67,045 3,573 W W 64,639 77,648 -16.8

 New Jersey .......................... 2,541 - - - 4,165 - - - 2,541 4,165 -39.0

 New York ............................ 6,108 737 W W 8,885 933 W W 7,032 10,156 -30.8

 Pennsylvania ....................... 48,853 2,230 W 195 53,995 2,640 W 200 W W -13.0

East North Central ............... 216,744 11,464 7,849 W 238,693 14,006 10,228 W W W -10.2

 Illinois ................................. 53,670 2,895 W 178 57,368 3,614 W 206 W W -7.8

 Indiana ................................. 54,449 4,697 W 324 61,171 5,220 W 336 W W -11.5

 Michigan ............................. 35,330 891 W W 36,476 1,660 W W 37,427 39,866 -6.1

 Ohio ..................................... 51,096 1,460 W 218 58,953 1,830 W 238 W W -13.7

 Wisconsin ............................ 22,199 1,519 - 110 24,725 1,682 - 177 23,829 26,583 -10.4

West North Central ............. 144,305 11,751 - 575 149,436 12,403 - 617 156,632 162,457 -3.6

 Iowa ..................................... 22,607 2,682 - W 24,734 2,903 - 253 W 27,890 W

 Kansas ................................. 20,783 W - - 21,616 W - - W W -4.0

 Minnesota ............................ 17,355 1,167 - W 18,763 1,359 - W W W -8.0

 Missouri .............................. 42,678 787 - W 43,711 993 - W W W -2.9

 Nebraska ............................. 14,183 392 - - 13,360 415 - - 14,575 13,775 5.8

 North Dakota ....................... 24,593 W - 97 24,893 W - 102 W W -0.6

 South Dakota ....................... 2,107 W - W 2,359 W - W 2,239 2,562 -12.6

South Atlantic ....................... 147,965 W W 346 179,898 W W 392 157,297 191,895 -18.0

 Delaware ............................. 1,352 W - - 2,391 W - - W W -44.5

 District of Columbia ........... - - - W - - - W W W -26.4

 Florida ................................. 23,467 933 - - 28,077 1,073 - - 24,400 29,150 -16.3

 Georgia ................................ 32,785 1,045 - W 39,296 1,441 - W W W -17.0

 Maryland ............................. 9,805 909 - W 11,065 1,174 - W W W -12.5

 North Carolina .................... 26,427 869 - 207 31,116 1,066 - 247 27,504 32,428 -15.2

 South Carolina .................... 14,071 896 - W 16,879 1,149 - W W W -17.0

 Virginia ............................... 10,803 1,641 W 90 13,368 1,991 W 74 W W -17.6

 West Virginia ...................... 29,255 764 W - 37,706 933 W - W W -23.3

East South Central ............... 94,741 W W W 114,165 W W 145 101,504 122,734 -17.3

 Alabama .............................. 27,583 1,341 W - 35,845 1,723 W - W W -23.5

 Kentucky ............................. 39,271 1,026 W 48 42,191 1,249 W 54 W W -7.6

 Mississippi .......................... 8,424 W - - 9,497 W - - W W -11.4

 Tennessee ............................ 19,462 2,525 - W 26,632 2,938 - 91 W 29,661 W

West South Central .............. 147,082 1,776 - W 155,812 W - W W 158,808 W

 Arkansas .............................. 14,994 298 - - 15,678 388 - - 15,292 16,067 -4.8

 Louisiana ............................. 15,722 W - - 16,337 W - - W W -4.1

 Oklahoma ............................ 20,959 W - - 21,957 713 - - W 22,670 W

 Texas ................................... 95,407 833 - W 101,840 1,805 - W W W -7.1

Mountain ............................... 110,025 3,528 - W 116,718 4,282 - W W W -6.1

 Arizona ................................ 20,762 431 - - 22,658 628 - - 21,193 23,285 -9.0

 Colorado .............................. 17,351 W - W 18,962 W - W 17,777 19,479 -8.7

 Idaho ................................... - 414 - W - 423 - W W W -2.4

 Montana .............................. 10,151 W - W 12,012 W - W 10,221 12,113 -15.6

 Nevada ................................ 3,822 W - - 3,878 W - - W W -2.6

 New Mexico ........................ 16,513 W - - 15,398 W - - W W 7.1

 Utah ..................................... 15,925 718 - - 16,927 872 - - 16,643 17,799 -6.5

 Wyoming ............................. 25,501 1,553 - W 26,885 1,761 - W W W -5.6

Pacific .................................... 8,934 1,670 - W 10,403 2,003 - W W W -14.0

 Alaska ................................. 437 4 - W 427 2 - W W W -0.6

 California ............................ 879 1,330 - - 993 1,688 - - 2,209 2,680 -17.6

 Hawaii ................................. 790 W - - 838 W - - W W -6.2

 Oregon ................................. 1,854 W - - 2,382 W - - W W -21.2

 Washington ......................... 4,974 W - - 5,763 W - - W W -12.9

U.S. Total .............................. 933,627 45,314 15,326 3,210 1,040,580 54,393 22,070 3,506 997,478 1,120,548 -11.0 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to 

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report," Form EIA-923, "Power Plant 

Operations Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke 

Plants," Form EIA-6A, "Coal Distribution Report," and Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report." 
54 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division and State, 2009, 2008 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division 

and State 

2009 2008 Total 

Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Commercial

and 

Institutional

Producer 

and 

Distributor

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Commercial 

and 

Institutional 

Producer 

and 

Distributor 

2009 2008 Percent 

Change 

New England................... 1,238 W - - - 1,047 W - - - W W 17.8

 Connecticut .................. 72 - - - - 128 - - - - 72 128 -44.2

 Maine ........................... - W - - - - W - - - W W -0.8

 Massachusetts .............. 635 W - - - 493 W - - - W W 28.7

 New Hampshire ........... 532 - - - - 425 - - - - 532 425 25.1

 Rhode Island ................ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 Vermont ....................... - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Middle Atlantic............... 6,898 344 W W 1,490 7,155 455 W W 2,770 9,378 11,128 -15.7

 New Jersey ................... 650 - - - - 1,151 - - - - 650 1,151 -43.6

 New York ..................... 1,117 202 W W - 1,112 276 W W - 1,333 1,420 -6.1

 Pennsylvania ................ 5,132 142 W 39 1,490 4,892 179 W 42 2,770 W W -13.6

East North Central ......... 40,917 1,117 1,044 W 4,048 38,885 1,743 1,294 W 3,353 W W 4.1

 Illinois .......................... 8,754 175 W 35 1,748 9,872 197 W 40 1,105 W W -4.1

 Indiana .......................... 12,014 362 W 75 830 9,222 583 W 57 800 W W 20.9

 Michigan ...................... 5,615 254 W W - 7,674 524 W W 662 6,392 9,276 -31.1

 Ohio .............................. 9,594 87 W 27 1,469 7,397 122 W 29 387 W W 38.7

 Wisconsin ..................... 4,940 238 - 10 - 4,721 317 - 8 399 5,187 5,445 -4.7

West North Central ....... 28,331 1,571 - 93 1,675 29,305 1,414 - 88 1,968 31,670 32,775 -3.4

 Iowa .............................. 6,999 691 - W - 6,131 608 - 49 149 W 6,937 W

 Kansas .......................... 3,805 W - - - 4,256 W - - - W W -10.0

 Minnesota ..................... 2,933 292 - W - 3,429 201 - W 114 W W -13.8

 Missouri ....................... 9,239 99 - W - 9,791 146 - W 4 W W -6.1

 Nebraska ...................... 3,326 317 - - - 3,822 266 - - - 3,643 4,088 -10.9

 North Dakota ................ 1,754 W - 7 1,675 1,683 W - 5 1,701 W W 1.2

 South Dakota ................ 276 W - W - 193 W - W - 294 249 17.7

South Atlantic ................. 40,164 W W 87 9,663 26,853 W W 85 7,749 50,684 35,674 42.1

 Delaware ...................... 650 - - - - 313 W - - - 650 W W

 District of Columbia .... - - - W - - - - W - W W -20.1

 Florida .......................... 5,499 110 - - - 4,768 114 - - - 5,609 4,882 14.9

 Georgia ......................... 8,958 104 - W - 6,948 123 - W - W W 28.1

 Maryland ...................... 1,388 61 - W 100 1,226 82 - W 428 W W -10.7

 North Carolina ............. 6,835 54 - 39 - 4,769 97 - 31 - 6,927 4,896 41.5

 South Carolina ............. 5,860 95 - W - 2,652 194 - W - W W 109.2

 Virginia ........................ 2,539 159 - 31 600 1,915 129 - 33 1,415 3,329 3,492 -4.7

 West Virginia ............... 8,434 45 W - 8,963 4,262 90 W - 5,905 W W 69.1

East South Central ......... 21,015 W W W 4,617 14,948 W W 24 4,384 26,096 19,907 31.1

 Alabama ....................... 6,556 106 W - 1,211 4,537 144 W - 1,411 W W 28.6

 Kentucky ...................... 9,112 70 W 11 3,083 5,986 75 W 20 2,345 W W 45.0

 Mississippi ................... 1,704 W - - 323 1,136 W - - 626 W W 14.2

 Tennessee ..................... 3,644 96 - W - 3,288 116 - 4 2 W 3,411 W

West South Central ........ 27,857 443 - W 1,093 25,843 W - W 808 W 27,176 W

 Arkansas ....................... 1,922 57 - - - 2,337 37 - - 1 1,978 2,375 -16.7

 Louisiana ...................... 3,605 W - - 132 2,266 W - - 386 W W 40.5

 Oklahoma ..................... 5,434 W - - - 4,694 267 - - - W 4,961 W

 Texas ............................ 16,897 195 - W 962 16,546 192 - W 421 W W 5.2

Mountain ......................... 20,936 407 - W 13,166 15,837 384 - W 13,514 W W 16.1

 Arizona ......................... 4,329 59 - - 1,025 3,159 72 - - 1,037 5,412 4,269 26.8

 Colorado ....................... 4,593 W - W 1,133 2,739 W - W 874 5,786 3,663 58.0

 Idaho ............................ - 163 - W - - 113 - W - W W 44.4

 Montana ....................... 731 W - W 627 869 W - W 556 1,371 1,436 -4.5

 Nevada ......................... 1,043 W - - - 872 W - - - W W 18.6

 New Mexico ................. 884 W - - 7,280 856 W - - 7,658 W W -4.1

 Utah .............................. 5,849 18 - - 1,773 4,193 34 - - 1,385 7,640 5,611 36.1

 Wyoming ...................... 3,507 85 - W 1,329 3,149 90 - W 2,003 W W -6.1

Pacific .............................. 2,110 278 - W 142 1,716 252 - W 143 W W 19.3

 Alaska .......................... 46 - - W 142 19 - - W 143 W W 12.0

 California ..................... 131 234 - - - 117 209 - - - 364 327 11.5

 Hawaii .......................... 100 W - - - 105 W - - - W W -0.2

 Oregon .......................... 705 W - - - 1,000 W - - - W W -29.7

 Washington .................. 1,129 W - - - 475 W - - - W W 134.7

U.S. Total ........................ 189,467 5,109 1,957 529 35,894 161,589 6,007 2,331 498 34,688 232,956 205,113 13.6 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to 

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  Stocks data for commercial sector are not collected by EIA. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal 

Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants," and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 55

Average Mine Sales Price 
56 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 28. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2009, 2008 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

2009 2008 Percent Change 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama ........................................ 76.58 75.35 76.10 73.35 68.40 71.31 4.4 10.1 6.7

Alaska ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ........................................ - - - W - W W - W

Colorado ........................................ W W 36.71 W W 32.67 W W 12.4

Illinois ........................................... 48.43 45.62 47.97 40.28 40.39 40.30 20.2 12.9 19.0

Indiana ........................................... 48.74 33.27 38.70 40.25 32.34 34.95 21.1 2.9 10.7

Kansas ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total.............................. 58.85 58.09 58.54 49.84 53.41 51.32 18.1 8.8 14.1

 Eastern ......................................... 70.95 62.56 66.77 57.81 55.49 56.63 22.7 12.7 17.9

 Western ....................................... 40.81 32.26 39.07 36.07 32.44 35.53 13.1 -0.5 10.0

Louisiana ....................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland ....................................... W W 37.65 W W 42.19 W W -10.7

Mississippi .................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri ........................................ - - W - W W - W W

Montana ........................................ W W 13.53 W W 12.31 W W 9.9

New Mexico .................................. W W 30.71 W W 33.16 W W -7.4

North Dakota ................................. - 13.59 13.59 - 12.92 12.92 - 5.2 5.2

Ohio ............................................... 46.11 41.94 44.55 41.91 40.43 41.40 10.0 3.7 7.6

Oklahoma ...................................... W W 56.45 W W 47.72 W W 18.3

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 55.61 54.84 55.48 49.44 56.71 50.77 12.5 -3.3 9.3

 Anthracite .................................... 56.83 57.12 57.10 62.07 60.55 60.76 -8.4 -5.7 -6.0

 Bituminous .................................. 55.61 54.44 55.44 49.39 56.21 50.52 12.6 -3.1 9.7

Tennessee ...................................... 79.83 56.84 66.05 58.30 44.83 48.94 36.9 26.8 35.0

Texas ............................................. - 19.12 19.12 - 18.16 18.16 - 5.3 5.3

Utah ............................................... 32.32 - 32.32 26.39 - 26.39 22.5 - 22.5

Virginia ......................................... 78.75 74.21 77.09 90.50 74.31 84.57 -13.0 -0.1 -8.9

West Virginia Total ...................... 65.49 61.37 63.83 64.36 54.92 60.16 1.8 11.7 6.1

 Northern ...................................... 50.19 61.88 51.73 42.70 49.97 43.95 17.5 23.8 17.7

 Southern ...................................... 76.05 61.32 68.52 77.96 55.47 65.80 -2.5 10.6 4.1

Wyoming ....................................... W W 12.41 W W 11.39 W W 9.0

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 55.77 23.24 33.24 51.35 22.35 31.25 8.6 4.0 6.4 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  An average sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 57

Table 29. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2009 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Alabama ................................................... W - W 76.58

Colorado ................................................... W - W 38.06

Illinois ...................................................... 49.19 W W 48.43

Indiana ...................................................... 48.74 - - 48.74

Kentucky Total......................................... W 60.36 W 58.85

 Eastern .................................................... 71.67 60.36 W 70.95

 Western .................................................. 40.81 - - 40.81

Maryland .................................................. W - - W

Montana ................................................... - - W W

New Mexico ............................................. - - W W

Ohio .......................................................... W - W 46.11

Oklahoma ................................................. W - - W

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 48.98 W W 55.61

 Anthracite ............................................... W W - 56.83

 Bituminous ............................................. W - W 55.61

Tennessee ................................................. 79.83 - - 79.83

Utah .......................................................... W - W 32.32

Virginia .................................................... W - W 78.75

West Virginia Total ................................. 74.78 - 54.22 65.49

 Northern ................................................. 57.60 - 48.76 50.19

 Southern ................................................. 77.14 - 71.22 76.05

Wyoming .................................................. - - W W

U.S. Total ................................................ 61.28 47.00 50.64 55.77 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or 

a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

3

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  An average sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
58 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 30. Average Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Sales Average Sales Price 

Alabama ....................................................... 56 18,768 76.10

 Cullman ..................................................... 2 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 1 W W

 Franklin ..................................................... 2 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 3 W W

 Jefferson .................................................... 10 W W

 Marion ....................................................... 2 W W

 Shelby ....................................................... 6 488 90.58

 Tuscaloosa ................................................. 9 7,469 69.82

 Walker ....................................................... 19 3,276 76.29

 Winston ..................................................... 2 W W

Alaska ........................................................... 1WW

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division ........................ 1 W W

Arizona ......................................................... 1WW

 Navajo ....................................................... 1 W W

Colorado ....................................................... 10 27,570 36.71

 Delta .......................................................... 1 W W

 Garfield ..................................................... 1 W W

 Gunnison ................................................... 2 W W

 La Plata ..................................................... 1 W W

 Moffat ....................................................... 2 W W

 Montrose ................................................... 1 W W

 Rio Blanco ................................................ 1 W W

 Routt .......................................................... 1 W W

Illinois ........................................................... 22 32,561 47.97

 Gallatin ...................................................... 2 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 3 W W

 Macoupin .................................................. 2 W W

 Mcdonough ............................................... 1 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 5 W W

 Randolph ................................................... 1 W W

 Saline ......................................................... 3 W W

 Sangamon .................................................. 1 W W

 Vermilion .................................................. 1 W W

 Wabash ...................................................... 1 W W

 White ......................................................... 1 W W

 Williamson ................................................ 1 W W

Indiana ......................................................... 33 36,196 38.70

 Clay ........................................................... 1 W W

 Daviess ...................................................... 3 W W

 Dubois ....................................................... 1 W W

 Gibson ....................................................... 6 12,700 37.44

 Knox .......................................................... 7 5,142 41.08

 Pike ........................................................... 6 W W

 Sullivan ..................................................... 2 W W

 Vigo ........................................................... 2 W W

 Warrick ..................................................... 5 W W

Kansas .......................................................... 1WW

 Bourbon ..................................................... 1 W W

Kentucky ...................................................... 379 104,687 58.54

 Bell ............................................................ 23 1,965 71.09

 Breathitt ..................................................... 4 W W

 Clay ........................................................... 3 W W

 Daviess ...................................................... 1 W W

 Floyd ......................................................... 31 3,260 50.67

 Harlan ........................................................ 60 10,661 63.42

 Henderson ................................................. 2 W W

 Hopkins ..................................................... 4 14,180 38.66

 Jackson ...................................................... 1 W W

 Johnson ..................................................... 7 795 47.68

 Knott ......................................................... 28 6,056 64.36

 Knox .......................................................... 7 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 6 734 56.73

 Leslie ......................................................... 12 3,789 79.91

 Letcher ...................................................... 31 4,971 73.89

 Magoffin ................................................... 9 2,732 57.80

 Martin ........................................................ 15 6,450 60.98

 Morgan ...................................................... 1 W W

 Muhlenberg ............................................... 8 3,485 39.72

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 59

Table 30. Average Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2009 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Sales Average Sales Price 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Ohio ........................................................... 3 W W

 Owsley ...................................................... 1 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 31 15,178 68.61

 Pike ........................................................... 82 14,915 69.80

 Union ......................................................... 3 W W

 Webster ..................................................... 1 W W

 Whitley ...................................................... 5 W W

Louisiana ...................................................... 2WW

 De Soto ...................................................... 1 W W

 Red River .................................................. 1 W W

Maryland ..................................................... 16 2,413 37.65

 Allegany .................................................... 11 1,756 33.61

 Garrett ....................................................... 5 657 48.46

Mississippi .................................................... 1WW

 Choctaw .................................................... 1 W W

Missouri ....................................................... 2W -

 Bates .......................................................... 2 W -

Montana ....................................................... 6 39,397 13.53

 Big Horn .................................................... 3 W W

 Musselshell ............................................... 1 W W

 Richland .................................................... 1 W W

 Rosebud ..................................................... 1 W W

New Mexico .................................................. 5 25,608 30.71

 Mckinley ................................................... 3 W W

 San Juan .................................................... 2 W W

North Dakota ............................................... 4 29,933 13.59

 Mclean ....................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer ....................................................... 2 W W

 Oliver ........................................................ 1 W W

Ohio .............................................................. 40 26,189 44.55

 Belmont ..................................................... 6 W W

 Carroll ....................................................... 1 W W

 Columbiana ............................................... 2 W W

 Coshocton ................................................. 1 W W

 Guernsey ................................................... 1 W W

 Harrison ..................................................... 6 3,490 42.61

 Jackson ...................................................... 1 W W

 Jefferson .................................................... 6 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 1 W W

 Meigs ......................................................... 1 W W

 Monroe ...................................................... 1 W W

 Muskingum ............................................... 1 W W

 Noble ......................................................... 2 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 3 W W

 Stark .......................................................... 2 W W

 Tuscarawas ................................................ 3 W W

 Vinton ....................................................... 2 W W

Oklahoma ..................................................... 9 971 56.45

 Craig .......................................................... 2 W W

 Haskell ...................................................... 1 W W

 Le Flore ..................................................... 4 W W

 Nowata ...................................................... 1 W W

 Rogers ....................................................... 1 W W

Pennsylvania ................................................ 163 58,185 55.48

 Allegheny .................................................. 1 W W

 Armstrong ................................................. 14 3,033 41.84

 Beaver ....................................................... 1 W W

 Bedford ..................................................... 1 W W

 Butler ......................................................... 4 W W

 Cambria ..................................................... 7 1,082 60.87

 Cameron .................................................... 1 W W

 Clarion ....................................................... 7 W W

 Clearfield ................................................... 25 3,291 56.84

 Columbia ................................................... 3 W W

 Elk ............................................................. 5 258 67.02

 Fayette ....................................................... 4 W W

 Greene ....................................................... 7 37,825 56.91

 Indiana ....................................................... 15 3,312 44.53

 Jefferson .................................................... 9 657 50.81

 Lackawanna .............................................. 1 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
60 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 30. Average Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2009 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Sales Average Sales Price 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Luzerne ..................................................... 5 195 51.96

 Lycoming .................................................. 1 W W

 Northumberland ........................................ 3 W W

 Schuylkill .................................................. 24 1,045 48.93

 Somerset .................................................... 19 4,616 62.05

 Washington ............................................... 4 W W

 Westmoreland ........................................... 2 W W

Tennessee ..................................................... 21 2,067 66.05

 Anderson ................................................... 4 W W

 Campbell ................................................... 5 859 71.26

 Claiborne ................................................... 11 892 58.93

 Fentress ..................................................... 1 W W

Texas ............................................................. 12 34,362 19.12

 Atascosa .................................................... 1 W W

 Freestone ................................................... 1 W W

 Harrison ..................................................... 1 W W

 Hopkins ..................................................... 1 W W

 Lee ............................................................. 1 W W

 Leon .......................................................... 1 W W

 Limestone .................................................. 1 W W

 Panola ........................................................ 2 W W

 Robertson .................................................. 1 W W

 Rusk .......................................................... 1 W W

 Titus .......................................................... 1 W W

Utah .............................................................. 8 21,515 32.32

 Carbon ....................................................... 4 9,208 36.04

 Emery ........................................................ 3 W W

 Sevier ........................................................ 1 W W

Virginia ........................................................ 98 20,960 77.09

 Buchanan ................................................... 33 6,891 85.25

 Dickenson ................................................. 13 1,430 81.19

 Lee ............................................................. 4 W W

 Russell ....................................................... 7 1,026 81.47

 Tazewell .................................................... 2 W W

 Wise .......................................................... 39 10,534 70.35

West Virginia ............................................... 259 134,080 63.83

 Barbour ..................................................... 6 W W

 Boone ........................................................ 40 25,185 63.23

 Brooke ....................................................... 2 W W

 Clay ........................................................... 2 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 13 W W

 Greenbrier ................................................. 6 W W

 Harrison ..................................................... 3 W W

 Kanawha ................................................... 24 10,636 62.29

 Lincoln ...................................................... 3 W W

 Logan ........................................................ 26 16,818 56.84

 Marion ....................................................... 3 W W

 Marshall .................................................... 2 W W

 Mason ........................................................ 1 W W

 Mcdowell .................................................. 33 4,526 84.24

 Mercer ....................................................... 2 W W

 Mineral ...................................................... 2 W W

 Mingo ........................................................ 30 8,129 67.99

 Monongalia ............................................... 6 W W

 Nicholas .................................................... 10 W W

 Preston ....................................................... 2 W W

 Raleigh ...................................................... 17 8,157 74.84

 Randolph ................................................... 1 W W

 Tucker ....................................................... 1 W W

 Upshur ....................................................... 2 W W

 Wayne ....................................................... 5 W W

 Webster ..................................................... 5 W W

 Wyoming ................................................... 12 3,159 90.12

Wyoming ...................................................... 19 429,994 12.41

 Campbell ................................................... 12 381,875 11.82

 Carbon ....................................................... 1 W W

 Converse ................................................... 1 W W

 Hot Springs ............................................... 1 W W

 Lincoln ...................................................... 1 W W

 Sweetwater ................................................ 3 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 61

Table 30. Average Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2009 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Sales Average Sales Price 

U.S. Total ....................................................  . 1,168 1,061,973 33.24

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  An average sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."
62 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 31. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2009 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Alabama ............................................. 76.10 - - - 76.10 

Alaska ................................................ - W - - W 

Arizona ............................................... W - - - W 

Colorado ............................................. W W - - 36.71 

Illinois ................................................ 47.97 - - - 47.97 

Indiana ................................................ 38.70 - - - 38.70 

Kansas ................................................ W - - - W 

Kentucky Total................................... 58.54 - - - 58.54 

 Eastern .............................................. 66.77 - - - 66.77 

 Western ............................................ 39.07 - - - 39.07 

Louisiana ............................................ - - W - W 

Maryland ............................................ 37.65 - - - 37.65 

Mississippi ......................................... - - W - W 

Montana ............................................. - W W - 13.53 

New Mexico ....................................... W W - - 30.71 

North Dakota ...................................... - - 13.59 - 13.59 

Ohio .................................................... 44.55 - - - 44.55 

Oklahoma ........................................... 56.45 - - - 56.45 

Pennsylvania Total ............................. 55.44 - - 57.10 55.48 

 Anthracite ......................................... - - - 57.10 57.10 

 Bituminous ....................................... 55.44 - - - 55.44 

Tennessee ........................................... 66.05 - - - 66.05 

Texas .................................................. - - 19.12 - 19.12 

Utah .................................................... 32.32 - - - 32.32 

Virginia .............................................. 77.09 - - - 77.09 

West Virginia Total ........................... 63.83 - - - 63.83 

 Northern ........................................... 51.73 - - - 51.73 

 Southern ........................................... 68.52 - - - 68.52 

Wyoming ............................................ - 12.41 - - 12.41 

 

U.S. Total .......................................... 55.44 13.35 17.26 57.10 33.24 



 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  An average sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 63

Table 32. Average Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2009 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Underground Surface Total 

Over 1,000 .................................................... 49.97 17.65 26.08

500 to 1,000 ................................................. 65.41 52.85 59.53

200 to 500 .................................................... 70.33 58.53 64.56

100 to 200 .................................................... 71.31 58.18 64.13

50 to 100 ...................................................... 65.63 62.37 63.67

10 to 50 ........................................................ 69.68 57.75 61.78

U.S. Total ..................................................... 55.77 23.24 33.24 

 Note:  An average sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
64 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Table 33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2009 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market1

 Captive2

Alabama ......................................................................................... 76.22 48.30

Alaska ............................................................................................ W -

Arizona ........................................................................................... W -

Colorado ......................................................................................... 36.71 36.73

Illinois ............................................................................................ 47.20 51.05

Indiana ............................................................................................ 37.03 42.52

Kansas ............................................................................................ W -

Kentucky Total............................................................................... 58.53 58.72

 Eastern .......................................................................................... 67.40 W

 Western ........................................................................................ 39.06 W

Louisiana ........................................................................................ W W

Maryland ........................................................................................ 37.65 -

Mississippi ..................................................................................... W -

Missouri ......................................................................................... W -

Montana ......................................................................................... 13.50 W

New Mexico ................................................................................... 33.83 W

North Dakota .................................................................................. 13.93 W

Ohio ................................................................................................ 44.81 39.52

Oklahoma ....................................................................................... 56.45 -

Pennsylvania Total ......................................................................... 54.98 60.98

 Anthracite ..................................................................................... 45.38 W

 Bituminous ................................................................................... 55.23 W

Tennessee ....................................................................................... 67.65 W

Texas .............................................................................................. W 17.50

Utah ................................................................................................ 32.36 W

Virginia .......................................................................................... 72.67 86.90

West Virginia Total ....................................................................... 63.07 70.05

 Northern ....................................................................................... 51.38 55.66

 Southern ....................................................................................... 67.79 73.91

Wyoming ........................................................................................ 11.72 14.47

U.S. Total ...................................................................................... 34.74 27.06 

1

 Open market includes coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note:  An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold, by the total open market coal sold. 

An average captive market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the captive market coal sold, by the total captive market coal sold. 

Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. 

 Source:  U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 65

Average Consumer Prices 
Table 34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2009, 2008

(Dollars per Short Ton)

Census Division

and State

2009 2008 Annual Percent Change

Electric

Power

Sector

Other

Industrial

Plants

Coke

Plants

Commercial

and

Institutional

Electric

Power

Sector

Other

Industrial

Plants

Coke

Plants

Commercial

and

Institutional

Electric

Power

Sector

Other

Industrial

Plants

Coke

Plants

Commercial

and

Institutional

New England.......................... 82.44 w - - 71.55 w - - 15.22 49.92 - -

 Connecticut........................... 78.98 - - - 64.39 - - - 22.66 - - -

 Maine ................................... 132.13 w - - 97.91 w - - 34.95 40.03 - -

 Massachusetts....................... 79.40 w - - 67.85 w - - 17.02 42.20 - -

 New Hampshire .................... 94.15 - - - 90.86 - - - 3.62 - - -

 Rhode Island......................... - - - - - - - - - - - -

 Vermont................................ - - - - - - - - - - - -

Middle Atlantic ...................... 52.71 75.52 w w 49.98 69.76 w w 5.46 8.26 30.55 5.14

 New Jersey ........................... 92.22 - - - 80.36 - - - 14.76 - - -

 New York ............................. 59.33 98.10 w w 57.20 83.13 w w 3.72 18.01 16.75 27.49

 Pennsylvania......................... 50.06 68.14 w 122.56 46.38 64.31 w 117.06 7.93 5.96 31.31 4.70

East North Central ................ 41.04 69.08 150.93 w 37.97 67.39 122.18 w 8.09 2.51 23.53 13.60

 Illinois .................................. 28.57 47.47 w 63.54 27.77 39.30 w 48.72 2.88 20.79 11.79 30.42

 Indiana.................................. 42.14 66.48 w 75.16 40.40 74.02 w 69.59 4.31 -10.19 26.64 8.00

 Michigan............................... 39.48 103.17 w w 38.10 86.61 w w 3.62 19.12 7.84 20.43

 Ohio...................................... 56.26 89.59 w 140.21 46.90 79.89 w 128.71 19.96 12.14 23.82 8.93

 Wisconsin............................. 34.97 79.21 - 147.82 34.55 73.64 - 125.27 1.22 7.56 - 18.00

West North Central ............... 23.39 32.21 - 72.56 22.42 30.98 - 64.70 4.33 3.97 - 12.15

 Iowa...................................... 21.05 52.04 - w 20.16 48.78 - 80.89 4.41 6.68 - w

 Kansas.................................. 24.38 w - - 24.15 w - - 0.95 32.39 - -

 Minnesota ............................. 29.14 53.24 - w 29.49 50.56 - w -1.19 5.30 - 14.48

 Missouri................................ 26.70 59.55 - w 26.40 60.17 - w 1.14 -1.03 - -4.83

 Nebraska............................... 22.67 42.13 - - 15.35 42.46 - - 47.69 -0.78 - -

 North Dakota ........................ 15.14 w - 43.40 14.36 w - 43.11 5.43 18.10 - 0.67

 South Dakota ........................ 29.45 w - w 29.16 w - w 0.99 1.73 - 12.40

South Atlantic ........................ 78.08 w w 141.98 68.73 w w 134.49 13.60 5.42 5.36 5.57

 Delaware............................... 84.00 w - - 88.69 w - - -5.29 26.30 - -

 District of Columbia ............. - - - w - - - w - - - 48.50

 Florida .................................. 80.82 97.69 - - 70.43 98.57 - - 14.75 -0.89 - -

 Georgia................................. 78.76 104.97 - w 66.28 108.89 - w 18.83 -3.60 - 16.02

 Maryland .............................. 76.17 58.43 - w 92.08 68.96 - w -17.28 -15.27 - -0.44

 North Carolina ...................... 88.47 106.64 - 143.85 79.81 89.79 - 121.57 10.85 18.77 - 18.33

 South Carolina ...................... 91.15 95.81 - w 71.32 96.31 - w 27.80 -0.52 - 2.34

 Virginia ................................ 76.77 99.77 w 123.31 67.82 89.01 w 146.52 13.20 12.09 11.63 -15.84

 West Virginia ....................... 60.46 106.03 w - 52.44 83.20 w - 15.29 27.44 6.61 -

East South Central................. 52.69 w w w 51.91 w w 111.15 1.50 3.41 0.51 w

 Alabama ............................... 55.85 91.43 w - 57.45 80.14 w - -2.79 14.09 1.17 -

 Kentucky .............................. 49.89 88.90 w 127.29 49.30 81.35 w 106.49 1.20 9.28 2.12 19.53

 Mississippi............................ 51.33 w - - 55.73 w - - -7.90 46.16 - -

 Tennessee ............................. 54.47 92.24 - w 47.11 97.45 - 114.13 15.62 -5.35 - w

West South Central ............... 27.63 78.29 - w 26.24 w - w 5.30 w - 33.35

 Arkansas............................... 29.03 89.39 - - 29.84 83.71 - - -2.71 6.79 - -

 Louisiana .............................. 33.41 w - - 34.31 w - - -2.62 -33.11 - -

 Oklahoma ............................. 28.40 w - - 23.11 43.66 - - 22.89 w - -

 Texas.................................... 26.22 79.84 - w 25.17 60.18 - w 4.17 32.67 - 33.35

Mountain................................ 29.81 44.00 - w 28.33 42.90 - w 5.22 2.56 - 68.30

 Arizona................................. 35.16 52.59 - - 34.06 57.68 - - 3.23 -8.82 - -

 Colorado............................... 31.29 w - w 28.78 w - w 8.72 -2.28 - 82.56

 Idaho..................................... - 50.69 - w - 49.47 - w - 2.47 - 6.21

 Montana................................ 18.04 w - w 16.96 w - w 6.37 -3.54 - 6.48

 Nevada.................................. 46.69 w - - 46.87 w - - -0.38 -2.93 - -

 New Mexico ......................... 35.03 w - - 36.59 w - - -4.26 3.27 - -

 Utah...................................... 33.63 54.58 - - 30.20 44.47 - - 11.36 22.73 - -

 Wyoming.............................. 20.09 31.21 - w 19.79 30.88 - w 1.52 1.07 - 2.68

Pacific ..................................... 40.01 73.21 - w 38.79 71.49 - w 3.15 2.41 - 1.68

 Alaska................................... 22.85 - - w 30.43 - - w -24.91 - - 1.68

 California.............................. 72.56 69.39 - - 70.02 69.20 - - 3.63 0.27 - -

 Hawaii .................................. 63.26 w - - 76.42 w - - -17.22 -7.65 - -

 Oregon.................................. 29.57 w - - 24.15 w - - 22.44 -13.87 - -

 Washington........................... 35.63 w - - 35.85 w - - -0.61 49.66 - -

U.S. Total................................ 43.33 64.87 143.01 97.28 40.69 63.42 118.09 86.50 6.49 2.29 21.10 12.46

s Value is less than 0.05 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated total.

- = No data are reported.

W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure.

Note: • Electric Power Sector in this report includes Electric Utilities, Independent Power Producers, and Electric Utility Combined Heat & Power plants.

Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and 

Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users,” and Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants."
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 67

Glossary 

American Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a 

mining company to produce coal from American Indian 

lands in exchange for royalties and other revenues; 

obtained by direct negotiation with Indian tribal 

authorities, but subject to approval and administration by 

the U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for 

residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, 

brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard 

coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a 

low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content 

of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 

percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 

28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed 

in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short 

ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both 

inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 

1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for 

steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a 

heat content of 15 million Btu per short ton or less. 

Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Area (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat terrain to 

recover coal by mining long cuts or pits successively. 

The material excavated from the cut being mined is 

deposited in the cut previously mined. 

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a 

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour surface 

mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to 

excavate. 

Average Number of Employees: The arithmetic mean 

number of employees working each day at a mining 

operation. Includes maintenance, office, as well as 

production-related employees. 

Average Open Market Sales Price: The ratio of the 

total value of the open market sales of coal produced at 

the mine to the total open market sales tonnage. 

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio of 

the total production at a mining operation to the total 

direct labor hours worked at the operation. 

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be 

recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, 

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic area. 

Bed, Coalbed: All the coal and partings lying between a 

roof and floor. 

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, 

sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of 

bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also 

used for heat and power applications in manufacturing 

and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant 

coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content 

usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of 

bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton 

on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content 

of bituminous coal consumed in the United States 

averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed 

by dividing production by productive capacity and 

multiplying by 100. 

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the mine 

operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for example, 

steel companies and electric utilities). 

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of the 

United States established by the Bureau of the Census, 

U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical analysis. 

The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State 

boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is 

subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific 

Noncontiguous areas. 

Central Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing 

Regions. 

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight. 

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black 

rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, 

consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more 

than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It 

is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, 

hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by 

heat and pressure over geologic time. 

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed into 

solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke 

oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air. 

Coal (coke): See Coke (coal). 
68 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the total 

direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

Coal Preparation/Washing: The treatment of coal to 

reject waste. In its broadest sense, preparation is any 

processing of mined coal to prepare it for market, 

including crushing and screening or sieving the coal to 

reach a uniform size, which normally results in removal 

of some non-coal material. The term coal preparation 

most commonly refers to processing, including crushing 

and screening, passing the material through one or more 

processes to remove impurities, sizing the product, and 

loading for shipment. Many of the processes separate 

rock, clay, and other minerals from coal in a liquid 

medium; hence the term washing is widely used. In some 

cases coal passes through a drying step before loading. 

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification 

of areas where coal is produced. 

Appalachian Region. Consists of Alabama, Eastern 

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 

Virginia, and West Virginia. 

Northern Appalachian Region. Consists of Maryland, 

Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Northern West Virginia. 

Central Appalachian Region. Consists of Eastern 

Kentucky, Virginia, Southern West Virginia, and the 

Tennessee counties of: Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, 

Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, 

Putnam, Roane, and Scott. 

Southern Appalachian Region: Consists of Alabama, and 

the Tennessee counties of: Bledsoe, Coffee, Franklin, 

Grundy, Hamilton, Marion, Rhea, Sequatchie, Van 

Buren, Warren, and White. 

Interior Region (with Gulf Coast). Consists of Arkansas, 

Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, 

Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Western Kentucky. 

Illinois Basin: Consists of Illinois, Indiana, and Western 

Kentucky. 

Western Region. Consists of Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, 

Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, 

Washington, and Wyoming. 

Powder River Basin: Consists of the Montana counties 

of Big Horn, Custer, Powder River, Rosebud, and 

Treasure and the Wyoming counties of Campbell, 

Converse, Crook, Johnson, Natrona, Niobrara, Sheridan, 

and Weston. 

Uinta Basin: Consists of the Colorado counties of Delta, 

Garfield, Gunnison, Mesa, Moffat, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, 

Routt and the Utah counties of Carbon, Duchesne, 

Emery, Grand, Sanpete, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, and 

Wasatch. 

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined and/or 

purchased coal originates are defined as follows: 

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, 

Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, 

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, 

New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, 

Pennsylvania anthracite, Pennsylvania bituminous, 

Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West 

Virginia Northern, West Virginia Southern, and 

Wyoming. The following Coal-Producing States are split 

in origin of coal, as defined by: 

Kentucky, Eastern. All mines in the following counties 

in Eastern Kentucky: Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, 

Clinton, Elliot, Estill, Floyd, Greenup, Harlan, Jackson, 

Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, 

Letcher, Lewis, Magoffin, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, 

Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, 

Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Whitley, and Wolfe. 

 

Kentucky, Western. All mines in the following counties 

in Western Kentucky: Breckinridge, Butler, Caldwell, 

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, 

Hancock, Hart, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, 

Muhlenberg, Ohio, Todd, Union, Warren, and Webster. 

Pennsylvania Anthracite. All mines in the following 

counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, 

Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, 

Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in 

Bradford County. 

Pennsylvania Bituminous. All mines located in the 

following counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, 

Bedford, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Elk, 

Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, 

Lycoming, Somerset, Venango, Washington, and 

Westmoreland, and all bituminous mines in Bradford 

County. 

West Virginia, Northern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 1, 

3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, 

Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, 

Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, 

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, 

Tyler, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood. 

West Virginia, Southern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 7 

& 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, 

Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 69

Mingo, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, 

Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming. 

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their 

degree of progressive alteration from lignite to 

anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of 

coal include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous 

coal, and anthracite and are based on fixed carbon, 

volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or 

caking) properties. 

Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for 

future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are 

collected for a particular reporting period (month, 

quarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as 

of the last day of this period. 

 Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal 

seam. 

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces 

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy 

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, 

heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status as a 

qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility 

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must 

produce electric energy and "another form of useful 

thermal energy through the sequential use of energy," 

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency 

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal 

Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.) 

Coke (coal): A solid carbonaceous residue derived from 

low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the 

volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven 

at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so 

that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. 

Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in 

smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is 

grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 

million Btu per short ton. 

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot or 

beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke. 

Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke. 

See Coke (coal). 

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar mining 

in which a continuous mining machine extracts and 

removes coal from the working face in one operation; no 

blasting is required. 

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations that 

involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily when 

blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then 

loading the broken coal. 

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in which 

the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that 

includes the F.O.B. value of the product at the point of 

origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. This 

type of transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase in 

that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the 

loading port (as certified by the Bill of Loading and 

Quality Report) rather than pay on the basis of the 

quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It 

is similar to the terms of an F.O.B. sale, except that the 

seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges 

for transportation and insurance. 

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for the 

sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource 

categories of reliability which represents 100 percent of 

the coal in these categories in place as of a certain date. 

Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 

inches or more thick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 

inches or more thick that occur at depths to 1 thousand 

feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 inches or more thick that 

can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper 

beds that presently are being mined or for which there is 

evidence that they could be mined commercially at this 

time. Represents that portion of identified coal resources 

from which reserves are calculated. 

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by all 

mining employees at a mining operation during the year. 

Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in 

production, preparation, development, maintenance, 

repair, shop or yard work, management, office workers, 

and technical or engineering work. 

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from 

rivers or streams. 

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal 

or nearly horizontal entry driven along to a coalbed 

exposed in a hillside. 

Electric Power Sector: The electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers) 

comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power 

(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 

Estimated Recoverable Reserves: See recoverable 

reserves. 
70 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

F.O.B. Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of 

coal at the point of first sale. It excludes freight or 

shipping and insurance costs.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining 

company to produce coal from land owned and 

administered by the Federal Government in exchange for 

royalties and other revenues. 

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by manual 

labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance to the 

surface. 

Illinois Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Indicated Resources: Coal for which estimates of the 

rank, quality, and quantity have been computed partly 

from sample analyses and measurements and partly from 

reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are 

computed partly from specified measurements and partly 

from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance 

on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of 

observation are 0.5 to 1.5 miles apart. Indicated coal is 

projected to extend as a 0.5-mile-wide belt that lies more 

than 0.25 miles from the outcrop or points of observation 

or measurement. 

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector is comprised of 

manufacturing industries which make up the largest part 

of the sector, along with mining, construction, 

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the 

sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to 

companies assembling electronic components. 

Interior Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as 

brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a 

high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 

percent The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 

million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. 

The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States 

averages 13 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Longwall Mining: An automated form of underground 

coal mining characterized by high recovery and 

extraction rates, feasible only in relatively flat-lying, 

thick, and uniform coalbeds. A high-powered cutting 

machine is passed across the exposed face of coal, 

shearing away broken coal, which is continuously hauled 

away by a floor-level conveyor system. Longwall mining 

extracts all machine-minable coal between the floor and 

ceiling within a contiguous block of coal, known as a 

panel, leaving no support pillars within the panel area. 

Panel dimensions vary over time and with mining 

conditions but currently average about 900 feet wide 

(coal face width) and more than 8,000 feet long (the 

minable extent of the panel, measured in direction of 

mining). Longwall mining is done under movable roof 

supports that are advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in 

the mined-out area is allowed to fall as the mining 

advances. 

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial 

users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged 

in the mechanical or chemical transformation of 

materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or 

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for 

gasification/liquifaction and coal used for coal synfuels. 

Minable: Capable of being mined under current mining 

technology and environmental and legal restrictions, 

rules, and regulations. 

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground Mine. 

Northern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines 

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a 

particular geographic area (State or region). 

Number of Mining Operations: The number of mining 

operations includes preparation plants. Mining 

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, 

or a preparation plant only, will be counted as two 

operations if the preparation plant processes both 

underground and surface coal. 

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., 

coal sold to companies other than the reporting 

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of 

the parent company. 

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled 

through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate 

joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small 

group of businesses as a separate and specific business or 

project for the mutual benefit of the members of the 

group. 

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not including 

coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or chemical 

transformation of materials or substances into new 

products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in the 

agriculture, mining, or construction industries. 

Parent Company: A company which solely or jointly 

owns the reporting company and which is not itself a 

subsidiary of, or owned by, another company. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 71

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to 

productive capacity, times 100. 

Powder River Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Preparation Plant: A facility at which coal is crushed, 

screened, and mechanically cleaned. 

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal 

that a mining operation can produce or process during a 

period with the existing mining equipment and/or 

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and 

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment are 

available, and that the market exists for the maximum 

production. 

Recoverability: In reference to accessible coal 

resources, the condition of being physically, 

technologically, and economically minable. Recovery 

rates and recovery factors may be determined or 

estimated for coal resources without certain knowledge 

of their economic minability; therefore, the availability 

of recovery rates or factors does not predict 

recoverability. 

Recoverable Coal: Coal that is, or can be, extracted 

from a coal bed during mining. 

Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines: The 

amount of in situ coal that can be recovered by mining 

existing reserves at mines reporting on Form EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves, Estimated Recoverable 

Reserves: Reserve estimates (broad meaning) based on a 

demonstrated reserve base adjusted for assumed 

accessibility factors and recovery factors. The term is 

used by EIA to distinguish estimated recoverable 

reserves, which are derived without specific economic 

feasibility criteria by factoring (downward) from a 

demonstrated reserve base for one or more study areas or 

regions, from recoverable reserves at active mines, which 

are aggregated (upward) from reserve estimates reported 

by currently active, economically viable mines on Form 

EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the 

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the 

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base. 

Recovery Factor: The percentage of total tons of coal 

estimated to be recoverable from a given area in relation 

to the total tonnage estimated to be in the demonstrated 

reserve base. For the purpose of calculating depletion 

factors only, the estimated recovery factors for the 

demonstrated reserve base generally are 50 percent for 

underground mining methods and 80 percent for surface 

mining methods. More precise recovery factors can be 

computed by determining the total coal in place and the 

total coal recoverable in any specific locale. 

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that can 

be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines. 

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated 

by the coal cleaning process. 

Refuse Recovery: A surface mine where coal is 

recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be 

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, or dredge operation. 

Remaining (Resources/Reserves): The amount of coal 

in the ground after some mining, excluding coal in the 

ground spoiled or left in place for which later recovery is 

not feasible. 

Reserve(s): Root meaning: The amount of in-situ coal in 

a defined area that can be recovered by mining at a 

sustainable profit at the time of determination. Broad 

meaning: That portion of the demonstrated reserve base 

that is estimated to be recoverable at the time of 

determination. The reserve is derived by applying a 

recovery factor to that component of the identified 

resources of coal designated as the demonstrated reserve 

base. 

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units; 

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale 

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and 

educational institutions (schools and universities); and 

Federal, State, and local governments (military 

installations, prisons, office buildings). 

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated share 

of production from mineral deposits, by the lessee to the 

lessor. Royalties may be an established minimum, a 

sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale royalty rate 

increases by steps as the average production on the lease 

increases. A sliding-scale royalty rate is based on 

average production and applies to all production from the 

lease. 

Run-of-mine: The raw coal recovered from a mine, prior 

to any treatment. 

Salable Coal: The shippable product of a coal mine or 

preparation plant. Depending on customer specifications, 

salable coal may be run-of-mine, crushed-and-screened 

(sized) coal, or the clean coal yield from a preparation 

plant. 

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal and/or 

Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is approximately 

equivalent to production, which includes coal sold, and 

coal added to stockpiles. 
72 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by a tractor 

unit equipped with a hydraulically operated bucket 

attached to the front; also called a front-end loader. 

Seam: A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor. 

Equivalent term to bed, commonly used by industry. 

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the 

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the 

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of 

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to 

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation. 

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. 

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining that 

involves the use of a continuous mining machine and 

movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 

feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although 

similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally 

more flexible because of the smaller working area. 

Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because 

the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle cars as 

opposed to conveyors. 

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Synonymous with culm. 

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A 

mining operation producing coal from these sources of 

coal. (See refuse recovery.) 

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the entry is 

driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit. 

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a 

preparation plant. 

Southern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or 

utility at the end of the reporting period. 

Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range 

from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and 

used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power 

generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and 

crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet 

black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. 

Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent 

moisture by weight. The heat content of 

subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per 

ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat 

content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United 

States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the asreceived basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture 

and mineral matter). 

Surface Mine: A coal mine that is usually within a few 

hundred feet of the surface. Earth and rock above or 

around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the 

coalbed, which is then mined with surface excavation 

equipment such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, 

loaders, and augers. Surface mines include: area, 

contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine. 

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for 

transportation by rail or truck. 

Uinta Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced by 

tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then 

mined with underground mining equipment such as 

cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and 

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are 

classified according to the type of opening used to reach 

the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined tunnel), 

or shaft (vertical tunnel). 

Underground Mining: The extraction of coal or its 

products from between enclosing rock strata by 

underground mining methods, such as room and pillar, 

longwall, and shortwall, or through in-situ gasification. 

Western Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2009 73