United States General Accounting Office

GAO Report to the Chairman, Committee on

Armed Services, House of

Representatives

February 1999 DEFENSE

HEADQUARTERS

Status of Efforts to

Reduce Headquarters

Personnel

GAO/NSIAD-99-45

GAO United States

General Accounting Office

Washington, D.C. 20548

National Security and

International Affairs Division

B-281623 

February 17, 1999

The Honorable Floyd Spence

Chairman, Committee on Armed Services

House of Representatives

Dear Mr. Chairman:

Concerned with the adequacy of the pace and scope of the Department of

Defense’s (DOD) efforts to reduce the size and cost of its headquarters

activities, you requested that we review the Department’s efforts to reduce

its headquarters positions. Specifically, our report discusses the status of

DOD’s efforts to reduce, as of the end of fiscal year 1998 (1) headquarters

positions and associated costs in the Office of the Secretary of Defense

(OSD) and Washington Headquarters Services,1

 as required by the National

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 and (2) headquarters

positions across DOD as required by the National Defense Authorization

Act for Fiscal Year 1998. In addition, our report discusses the reporting of

personnel on temporary assignment to OSD from other DOD components.

You also requested that we review DOD’s revised directive on headquarters

management activities. As agreed with your office, we will report

separately on this issue after the directive has been implemented.

Background Believing DOD’s efforts to reduce its infrastructure, including the size of its

headquarters activities, lagged behind cuts in operational forces, Congress

directed DOD to reduce positions in OSD, including Washington

Headquarters Services and other defense support activities, by 25 percent

from fiscal year 1994 levels by the end of fiscal year 1999.2

 Furthermore,

Congress directed DOD to reduce the number of positions in all DOD

headquarters activities by 25 percent from fiscal year 1997 levels by the

end of fiscal year 2002.3

 Noting that it had already reduced personnel in

heardquarters activities starting in fiscal year 1992, DOD believed these cuts

would create an unreasonable burden on personnel who perform essential

headquarters functions. DOD asked Congress to repeal this provision in

March 1998. However, Congress did not rescind it. DOD noted that the

congressionally mandated 25-percent reduction, when combined with the

1

Washington Headquarters Services provides administrative and operational support to certain DOD

activities in the national capital region.

2

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 (P. L. 104-201).

3

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 (P.L. 105-85).

Page 1 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
B-281623 

Department’s previously programmed reductions, would reduce these

components by over 40 percent for the fiscal year 1992-2000 time period.

In October 1997, we reported that the number of management

headquarters’ personnel and costs were significantly higher than reported

by DOD.

4

 During fiscal years 1985-96, DOD reported steady decreases in its

management headquarters and headquarters support personnel—a

31-percent decline from about 77,000 to 53,000. However, these data did

not include personnel at most of DOD’s noncombat organizations that are

subordinate to management headquarters. In our review of selected

subordinate organizations, nearly three of every four of them were

primarily performing management or headquarters support functions and

should have been reported to Congress by DOD. We recommended that the

Secretary of Defense revise the directive on management headquarters

and headquarters support activities to expand its coverage and simplify its

criteria.

In the November 1997 Defense Reform Initiatives (DRI) report, the

Secretary of Defense directed OSD to reduce the number of personnel. To

achieve reductions, the Secretary directed that OSD eliminate redundancy

and obsolete functions, consolidate related functions, and transfer

operational and program management functions to other DOD

organizations. In addition, the Secretary directed that OSD’s “hidden

staff”—components that directly support OSD but were not included as part

of OSD’s formal organizational structure or reported in its personnel

strengths—be absorbed into OSD. Finally, the Secretary directed the

military departments and their major commands, defense agencies,

defense field activities, joint staff, and unified commands to reduce the

number of headquarters positions.

OSD’s Administrative Instruction 53, “Temporary Staff Augmentations,”

states that temporary staff may be used for emergencies, for unforeseen

temporary requirements or workload surges, or for jobs for which the

skills are not otherwise available within the organization. Temporary staff

are not to be used to perform continuing office functions.

Results in Brief To comply with the requirement in the National Defense Authorization Act

for Fiscal Year 1997, DOD plans to reduce OSD and its support activities by

about 1,373 positions, or 27 percent, from its fiscal year 1994 levels by the

4

Defense Headquarters: Total Personnel and Costs Are Significantly Higher Than Reported to Congress

(GAO/NSIAD-98-25, Oct. 30, 1997).

Page 2 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
B-281623 

end of fiscal year 1999. As of the end of fiscal year 1998, the Department

had cut 1,123 positions. The majority of the cuts were based on DOD’s

November 1997 DRI report, which recommended that some offices be

reorganized and that operational and program management functions be

transferred to other DOD activities. Although the positions in OSD and its

support activities have been reduced, civilian salary costs (in constant

dollars) have not decreased because many of the positions eliminated

were vacant and annual civilian pay raises have exceeded the inflation

rate. DOD plans to eliminate the remaining 250 positions in fiscal year 1999.

DOD may not be accurately accounting for all personnel assigned to OSD.

Some personnel temporarily assigned to OSD by other DOD components are

functioning more as permanent staff and are not being reported as OSD

personnel.

DOD has plans to cut about 5,600 positions across its headquarters

activities by the end of fiscal year 2002. This is less than half of the 13,300

cuts required by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal

Year 1998. According to OSD officials, DOD did not develop plans consistent

with the legislation because the Secretary of Defense had sought relief

from the 1998 legislative requirement. However, when Congress did not

repeal the provision, the services proposed that a task force be established

to develop alternatives for reducing the headquarters’ structure.

OSD and Its Support

Activities Expect to

Have Over 25 Percent

Fewer Personnel by

the End of Fiscal Year

1999

DOD plans to cut 1,373 positions in OSD and its support activities by the end

of fiscal year 1999. These reductions would be 2 percentage points more

than the 25-percent cut mandated in the National Defense Authorization

Act for Fiscal Year 1997. Although the number of positions has been

reduced, civilian salary costs (in constant dollars) have not decreased. In

addition, some service and defense agency personnel assigned to OSD are

not counted as part of OSD.

Page 3 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
B-281623 

DOD’s Planned Cuts DOD’s plan to achieve the cuts is shown in table 1. Appendix I shows the

changes by office within OSD.

Table 1: Planned Reductions in the

Office of the Secretary of Defense and

the Washington Headquarters Services

Between Fiscal Year 1995 and 1999

Change

Activity

Fiscal year

1994 baseline

Fiscal year

1999 target Total Percent

OSDa 3,062 2,002 (1,060) (35)

Washington Headquarters

Services 1,960 1,647 (313) (16)

Total 5,022 3,649 (1,373) (27)

aThe end of fiscal year 1994 baseline includes 718 positions in five defense support activities and

207 overstrengths (personnel over an organization’s authorized number of positions).

Source: Our analysis of OSD data.

As of the end of fiscal year 1998, DOD had cut 1,123 positions, or 82 percent

of the planned reductions—858 positions in OSD and 265 positions in

Washington Headquarters Services (see table 2).

Table 2: Changes in the Office of the

Secretary of Defense and the

Washington Headquarters Services as

of the End of Fiscal Year 1998

Positions

Activity Eliminated Transferred Total

OSD (402) (456) (858)

Washington Headquarters Services (430) 165 (265)

Total (832) (291) (1,123)

Source: Our analysis of OSD data.

Our analysis indicates that OSD eliminated 402 positions primarily by

abolishing vacant positions, reducing the number of overstrength

positions, eliminating military positions after the incumbents rotated, and

abolishing positions by using early-out incentives. Some positions were

also eliminated through organizational changes. For example, the Office of

the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy reorganized and eliminated one

assistant secretary position as well as several support positions.

OSD also reduced the size of its staff by transferring positions to other DOD

organizations. For example, in fiscal year 1997, OSD transferred 278

positions from a defense support activity to a DOD field activity.5

 Positions

in DOD field activities are not counted as part of OSD. Furthermore, DRI

5

These positions were at the Defense Manpower Data Center. The Center was merged with another

defense support activity to form the DOD Human Resources Activity, which is classified as a field

activity.

Page 4 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
B-281623 

directed that OSD transfer positions that were considered operational or

involved in program management to other DOD organizations. In fiscal

year 1998, OSD transferred approximately 240 positions to other

organizations. The major transfers that occurred during fiscal year 1998

are the following:

• The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness

transferred 48 positions for managing DOD’s TRICARE medical program to

the TRICARE management activity, a DOD field activity.

• OSD transferred 47 positions supporting various boards and commissions

to the Washington Headquarters Services.

• The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy transferred 42

positions at the U.S. Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to

the Department of the Army.

• The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs

transferred 28 positions that managed the freedom of information and

security review programs to the Washington Headquarters Services.

As of the end of fiscal year 1998, DOD had reduced Washington

Headquarters Services by a net of 265 positions. Approximately 300

positions were cut by contracting out the Pentagon cleaning service, and

another 130 were cut primarily by eliminating vacant positions and

positions vacated through early-out incentives. However, these cuts were

partly offset by an increase of 165 positions from functions transferred

into Washington Headquarters Services, primarily from OSD.

To complete the planned cuts, DOD plans to cut 250 positions (202 in OSD

and 48 in Washington Headquarters Services) in fiscal year 1999. To

achieve its cuts, OSD plans to eliminate 130 positions and transfer another

72 positions. As of November 1998, OSD had identified 32 of the positions

to eliminate and told us it had completed 40 of the planned transfers.

Washington Headquarters Services plans to cut 72 positions, which will be

partly offset by an increase of 24 positions for new missions as well as the

expansion of current missions. As of October 1998, Washington

Headquarters Services had cut 19 positions by transferring positions in the

executive motor pool and travel function to the Department of the Army.

According to Washington Headquarters Services officials, the remaining

positions will be eliminated by consolidating contracting offices and

through early-out incentives.

Civilian Salary Costs Have

Not Decreased

Although about 1,125 positions were eliminated in or transferred from OSD

and Washington Headquarters Services between fiscal year 1994 and 1998,

Page 5 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
B-281623 

there was no proportional decrease in civilian salaries during this time

frame. Our analysis indicates that OSD civilian salary costs increased by

$7 million (4 percent), from $172 million in fiscal year 1994 to $179 million

in fiscal year 1998 (constant 1998 dollars). Likewise, Washington

Headquarters Services civilian salary costs increased by $2 million

(2 percent) from $84 million to $86 million during this same period. Salary

costs did not decline commensurate with the personnel reductions partly

because many of the positions eliminated were vacant and annual civilian

pay raises exceeded the inflation rate. In addition, OSD incurred some

one-time costs associated with incentives to encourage personnel to leave

early. For example, DOD paid $1.4 million in such incentives in fiscal

year 1998.

Some Positions Are Not

Counted as Part of OSD

The military services and defense agencies temporarily assign personnel to

OSD that are not counted as part of OSD. While DRI recommended that

personnel in the defense support activities and overstrength positions be

counted as part of OSD, it did not discuss personnel temporarily assigned to

OSD. DOD does not have a central database that identifies such positions or

people, known as detailees, but the number could be large. For example,

an official from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for

Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (ASD/C3I) said that

115 people were temporarily assigned to ASD/C3I as of August 1998. The

Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy said it had about 26

detailees, and the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition

and Technology said it had about 10 detailees.

Our review of ASD/C3I information on the 115 detailees’ assignments

showed that some of the detailees met the requirements of OSD’s

administrative instruction on temporary staff. For example, an ASD/C3I

official noted that his office could not recruit temporary staff with the

required skills to deal with Year 2000 issues. ASD/C3I was using 20 military

service and defense agency people to work on such issues. Another 36

ASD/C3I detailees were either liaisons with the various intelligence agencies

or individuals from other agencies on developmental assignments.

According to an ASD/C3I official, these positions are permanent within the

organization, and personnel occupying these positions change every 2 to

3 years.

The remaining 59 positions being filled by detailees appeared to be a

permanent part of ASD/C3I. According to an ASD/C3I official, approximately

30 detailees had been assigned to work on specific projects but did not

Page 6 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
B-281623 

return to their home organizations when the projects ended. For example,

the Defense Information Systems Agency sent 17 people to ASD/C3I to

support the corporate information management initiative; however, they

did not return when the project was terminated. ASD/C3I officials said they

were developing a plan to incorporate the policy-related positions into OSD

and return the other positions to their parent organizations by fiscal

year 2000. The remainder of the detailees were in ASD/C3I’s Defense

Airborne Reconnaissance Office. According to an ASD/C3I official, they plan

to downsize the office from 27 to 18 and either transfer the function to one

of the military departments or make it a permanent part of ASD/C3I.

DOD Does Not Have a

Plan to Reduce

Headquarters

Activities by 25

Percent

DOD does not have a plan to reduce management headquarters and

headquarters support personnel DOD-wide by 25 percent by the end of

fiscal year 2002, as required by the National Defense Authorization Act for

1998. The act requires DOD to cut about 13,300 positions in its headquarters

activities. Rather, DOD has plans to reduce the number of headquarters

positions by about 5,600, or 11 percent, by the end of fiscal year 2002 (see

table 3). In November 1998, the military services proposed establishing a

task force to develop alternatives for reducing their headquarters

structure.

Table 3: Changes in DOD

Headquarters Activities Between

Fiscal Year 1997 and 2002

Fiscal year Change

Activity 1997 2002 Total Percent

Military departments 35,621 31,073 (4,548) (13)

Joint staff 1,391 1,256 (135) (10)

Unified commands 6,526 6,268 (258) (4)

Defense agencies/DOD field

activities 4,548 4,215 (333) (7)

Office of the Secretary of Defense 2,376 2,002 (374) (16)

International organizations 2,712 2,733 21 1

Total 53,174 47,547 (5,627) (11)

Source: OSD, the military departments, and defense agencies.

As seen in table 3, the military departments account for about 4,500 of the

cuts planned to DOD headquarters activities by the end of fiscal year 2002.

(See apps. II, III, and IV for a breakdown by military department.) These

cuts were directed primarily in the Quadrennial Defense Review and DRI.

For example, as part of the Quadrennial Defense Review, the Navy

planned to reduce its Atlantic and Pacific Fleet headquarters staff by

Page 7 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
B-281623 

approximately 1,260, or 20 percent, and the Marine Corps planned to

reduce its management headquarters by about 200 positions. A Navy

official noted that some of the cuts planned in the fleet headquarters are

being revised in the fiscal year 2000 budget. On the other hand, the Army

and the Air Force had planned to reduce their headquarters by less than

the 10 percent required by DRI. As a result, the Air Force had to cut about

1,150 and the Army about 700 additional positions in headquarters to meet

DRI threshold. Both military departments allocated the additional cuts

primarily on a fair-share percentage basis across their headquarters

activities.

The Joint Staff plans to cut 135 positions and the unified commands about

260 positions by the end of fiscal year 2002. The Joint Staff plans to

transfer about 75 military positions to the U.S. Strategic Command, return

about 40 military positions to the military departments, and eliminate

about 20 civilian positions. Finally, the reductions in the defense agencies

are a combination of cuts directed in the Quadrennial Defense Review and

DRI.

In November 1998, the military departments proposed the establishment of

a task force, chaired by the Under Secretary of the Army, to develop

alternatives for reducing DOD’s headquarters structure. The task force

would (1) identify processes and transactions, by functional area, that are

significant drivers for the number of headquarters personnel; (2) inventory

the number of workyears associated annually with the transactions and

processes, by functions; and (3) assess the number of personnel that could

be eliminated if transactions and processes were reengineered, automated,

outsourced, or canceled. Each service will be allowed to reinvest any

personnel and dollar savings from reducing headquarters activities. The

proposal calls for the task force to issue its report to Congress in

June 1999.

Recommendation We recommend that the Secretary of Defense determine the number and

purpose of all personnel temporarily assigned to OSD by other DOD

components. Detailees that do not meet OSD’s requirements of temporary

staff should either be counted as OSD personnel or returned to their parent

organizations.

Agency Comments

and GAO’s Evaluation

In comments on a draft of this report (see app. V), DOD concurred with our

recommendation and noted that it is developing a system to account for all

Page 8 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
B-281623 

personnel detailed to OSD from other DOD components. As part of this

process, DOD plans to determine the validity and continued need for

current detailees. DOD also noted that the report was technically accurate,

but believed it needed to provide a more balanced treatment of the

Department’s efforts to downsize its headquarters activities. Specifically,

DOD said the report does not include (1) the reason it requested relief from

the 25-percent reduction required by the National Defense Authorization

Act for Fiscal Year 1998 and (2) the principal reason civilian pay costs did

not come down between fiscal year 1994 and 1998. According to DOD, it

requested relief because headquarters activities have been reduced

significantly since fiscal year 1992. We clarified the report to reflect DOD’s

position and included information provided by DOD on personnel

reductions in management headquarters activities back to fiscal year 1992.

Regarding OSD civilian pay costs, DOD said the principal reason they did not

decrease between fiscal year 1994 and 1998 was that nearly 200 civilians

who worked for OSD, but were attributed to the pay accounts of other DOD

elements, were transferred into the OSD civilian pay account in fiscal year

1998. Our analysis of changes in civilian pay accounted for these transfers.

Still, key reasons civilian pay costs did not decline were that many of the

positions eliminated were vacant, annual pay raises exceeded inflation

costs, and the department incurred one-time costs associated with

incentives to encourage people to leave early.

Scope and

Methodology

To obtain information on DOD’s plans to achieve the 25-percent reduction

in OSD and Washington Headquarters Services positions, we interviewed

officials in OSD’s Office of the Director, Administration and Management,

and reviewed files that documented the cuts during fiscal years 1995-98

and planned for fiscal year 1999. In addition, we reviewed the Defense

Reform Initiative report. We obtained civilian salary costs for OSD, the

defense support activities, and Washington Headquarters Services for

fiscal years 1994-98 from the Washington Headquarters Services,

Directorate for Budget and Finance. To determine how DOD plans to

achieve the 25-percent reduction in personnel at all its headquarters

activities, we interviewed officials in the Office of the Under Secretary of

Defense, Comptroller, and manpower officials in each of the military

departments and the Joint Staff. In addition, we identified the position cuts

to headquarters activities programmed between fiscal year 1997 and 2002

in the Fiscal Year 1999 Future Years Defense Program.

We conducted our work from June to December 1998 in accordance with

generally accepted government auditing standards.

Page 9 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
B-281623 

We are providing copies of this report to other appropriate congressional

committees; the Secretaries of Defense, the Air Force, the Army, and the

Navy; the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff; and the Director, Office of

Management and Budget. We also will provide copies to other interested

parties on request.

Please call Marvin Casterline, Assistant Director, on (202) 512-9076 if you

or your staff have any questions concerning this report. Major contributors

to the report were Michael Kennedy, Ronald Leporati, and Justin Bernier.

Sincerely yours,

Henry L. Hinton, Jr.

Assistant Comptroller General

Page 10 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Page 11 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Contents

Letter 1

Appendix I 

Changes in the Office

of the Secretary of

Defense Positions

Between Fiscal Year

1994 and 1999

14

Appendix II 

Changes in Army

Positions in

Headquarters

Activities Between

Fiscal Year 1997 and

2002

15

Appendix III 

Changes in Air Force

Positions in

Headquarters

Activities Between

Fiscal Year 1997 and

2002

16

Page 12 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Contents

Appendix IV 

Changes in Navy

Positions in

Headquarters

Activities Between

Fiscal Year 1997 and

2002

17

Appendix V 

Comments From the

Department of

Defense

18

Tables Table 1: Planned Reductions in the Office of the Secretary of

Defense and the Washington Headquarters Services Between

Fiscal Year 1995 and 1999

4

Table 2: Changes in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the

Washington Headquarters Services as of the End of Fiscal Year

1998

4

Table 3: Changes in DOD Headquarters Activities Between Fiscal

Year 1997 and 2002

7

Abbreviations

ASD/C3I Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control,

Communications and Intelligence

DOD Department of Defense

DRI Defense Reform Initiatives

OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense

Page 13 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Appendix I 

Changes in the Office of the Secretary of

Defense Positions Between Fiscal Year 1994

and 1999

Positions Change

Office

Fiscal year

1994 baseline Eliminated Transferred Total Percent

Fiscal year

1999 target

Secretary of Defense 76 (33) 7 (26) (34) 50

Acquisition and Technologya 720 (146) (88) (234) (33) 486

Policy 597 (87) (104) (191) (32) 406

Personnel and Readinessb 600 (66) (330) (396) (66) 204

Comptrollerc 374 (67) 16 (51) (14) 323

C3Id 334 (88) 32 (56) (14) 278

Public Affairs 129 (25) (29) (54) (42) 75

Legislative Affairs 39 (8) (1) (9) (23) 30

Operations, Test, and Evaluation 43 (6) 4 (2) (5) 41

General Counsel 55 (5) 7 2 4 57

Administration and Management 30 (7) (2) (9) (30) 21

Intelligence Oversight 9 (1) • (1) (11) 8

Special programse 56 (27) (6) (33) (41) 23

Boards and commissionsf 34 (34)

Total 3,062 (532) (528) (1,060) (34) 2,002

aFiscal year 1994 baseline includes 230 positions in the Acquisition and Technology Defense

Support Activity.

bFiscal year 1994 baseline includes 300 positions in the Defense Manpower Data Center.

cFiscal year 1994 baseline includes 29 positions in the Management Systems Support Office and

39 positions in the Plans and Program Analysis Support Center.

dFiscal year 1994 baseline includes 120 positions in the Intelligence Program Support Group.

eIncludes consultants, reimbursable details, and the administrative support and assistance

program.

f

Boards and commissions were not identified separately until fiscal year 1996.

Source: Office of the Secretary of Defense.

Page 14 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Appendix II 

Changes in Army Positions in Headquarters

Activities Between Fiscal Year 1997 and

2002

Fiscal year Change

Activity 1997 2002 Total Percent

Army Staff 1,707 1,534 (173) (10)

Secretariat 828 865 37 5

Department supporta 488 295 (193) (40)

Functional commandsb 6,536 5,666 (870) (13)

Combatant commandsc 1,903 1,862 (41) (2)

Subtotal 11,462 10,222 (1,240) (11)

Unified commandsd 1,372 1,310 (62) (5)

International organizations 1,504 1,549 45 3

Total 14,338 13,081 1,257 (9)

aIncludes the Concepts Analysis Agency, Command and Control Support Agency, and

Information Management Support Agency.

bIncludes headquarters elements of the Army Materiel Command, the Corps of Engineers,

Intelligence and Security Command, Medical Command, Military District of Washington, Training

and Doctrine Command, Criminal Investigations Command, and Forces Command.

cIncludes Third Army, Eighth Army, U.S. Army Pacific, U.S. Army Europe, U.S. Army South, and

the Military Traffic Management Command.

dDoes not include positions in Special Operations Command.

Source: Department of the Army.

Page 15 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Appendix III 

Changes in Air Force Positions in

Headquarters Activities Between Fiscal Year

1997 and 2002

Fiscal year Change

Activity 1997 2002 Total Percent

Air Staff, Air National Guard, and Air Force

Reserve Headquarters 1,553 1,357 (196) (13)

Secretariat 931 871 (60) (6)

Department supporta 542 392 (150) (28)

Functional commandsb 4,081 3,628 (453) (11)

Combatant commandsc 6,171 5,439 (732) (12)

Subtotal 13,278 11,687 (1,591) (12)

Unified commandsd 1,874 1,872 (2) •

International organizations 432 378 (54) (13)

Total 15,584 13,937 (1,647) (11)

aIncludes the Air Force Pentagon Communications Agency (Air Force support) and direct

supporting staff.

bIncludes headquarters elements of the Air Force Material Command, the Air Education and

Training Command, the Air Intelligence Agency, the Air Force Program Executive Office, the Air

Force Reserve Command, and the Air Force Pentagon Communications Agency (Office of the

Secretary of Defense Support).

cIncludes the Pacific Air Forces, Air Force Space Command, U.S. Air Forces in Europe, Air

Combat Command, and Air Mobility Command.

dDoes not include positions in Special Operations Command.

Source: Department of the Air Force.

Page 16 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Appendix IV 

Changes in Navy Positions in Headquarters

Activities Between Fiscal Year 1997 and

2002

Fiscal year Change

Activity 1997 2002 Total Percent

Chief of Naval Operations 1,071 1,006 (65) (6)

Commandant of the Marine Corps 354 360 6 2

Secretariat 877 879 2 •

Department supporta 233 179 (54) (23)

Functional commandsb 4,114 3,505 (609) (15)

Combatant commandsc 4,232 3,235 (997) (24)

Subtotal 10,881 9,164 (1,717) (16)

Unified commandsd 1,693 1,550 (143) (8)

International organizations 776 806 30 4

Total 13,350 11,520 (1,830) (14)

aIncludes the Naval Support Activity and the Field Support Activity.

bIncludes headquarters elements of the Naval Air Systems Command, Naval Sea Systems

Command, Naval Supply Systems Command, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Naval

Space and Warfare Systems Command, Office of the Chief of Naval Research, Chief of Navy

Education and Training, Naval Medical Command, Naval District of Washington, Naval

Intelligence Command, Naval Oceans Command, Naval Security Group, Naval Reserve Force,

Naval Computer and Telecommunications Command, and Marine Corps Staff Management

Agency.

cIncludes the Military Sealift Command; Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet; Commander in Chief,

Atlantic Fleet; Commander in Chief, Navy, Europe; and Navy Space Command.

dDoes not include positions in U.S. Special Operations Command.

Source: Department of the Navy.

Page 17 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Appendix V 

Comments From the Department of Defense

Page 18 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Appendix V 

Comments From the Department of Defense

Page 19 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Appendix V 

Comments From the Department of Defense

Page 20 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
Appendix V 

Comments From the Department of Defense

(701144) Page 21 GAO/NSIAD-99-45 Defense Headquarters
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