MANAGING THE ENGINEER FORCE 

ENGINEER PROPONENCY Cl THE BRANCH TRAINING TEAM ENGINEER REGIMENTS 
The fuze also could be pro- -FORUM- grammed for a long delay main 

charge detonation for a pseudo mine 

option. An anti-tamper mode could 

be included. The system hasthecapa- BAT: bility to be programmed in a rear A Better area to save time at the demolition 

site. 

It may appear that a munition like Cratering Tool? BAT would require years of material, explosive and electronic 

by CPT Randy Lundberg 

Desplte the usefulness of the MI80 Crater~ng '. Demolition Kit, the 

engineer still does not have an adequate system to denytheenemyuseof 

high-speed avenues of approach. 

One of our mostfrequently planned 

and time consumingcountermohility 

tasks is cratering roads. To provide 

an easy and rapid method of craterin& development of the XM180 Cratering Demolition Kit was begun in 

1964. This resulted in the current 

MI80 system, fielded in 1981, which 

is effective against most road 

surfaces. 

However, tests at Yuma Proving 

Ground in 1980 showed that the 

MI80 does not produce an adequate 

obstacle on autobahn-type 

pavements. 

A second generation cratering 

munition design study was done in 

1982 by the Lawrence Livermore 

National Laboratory (LLNL) and the 

Royal Armament Research and 

Development Establishment 

(RARDE). The study's chief goal was 

to devise a hand-emplaced, topattack munition to destroy concrete 

bridges by detonating 5 to 7 kg of 

high explosives .75 meters inside 

steel reinforced concrete. 

Using LLNL's hydrodynamics 

modeling capability, coupled with 

technology from the U.S. Air Force's 

Hard Structures Munition (HSM) 

and Velocity Augmented Munitions 

(VAM) programs, the LLNLfRARDE team developed the bridge and 

tunnel (BAT) munition concept. 

The operating principle of the 

improved system is similar to the 

M180's. This proposed device is 

expected to penetrate more than 6 

feet of compacted earth or more than 

3 feet of concrete, has a gross weight 

of 80 pounds (half that of the M180). 

and the only assembly requirementis 

setting up the tripod. 

BAT'S versatility is due to a unique 

arming and fuzing subsystem 

created by LLNL for the HSM and 

VAM. A long life, self-contained battery powers fuzes based on LLNL's 

high-energy slapper detonator technology which replaces blasting caps 

and does not require primary explo- 

-. third the sensitivity of TNT. 

The fuzing system would consist of 

a programming keyboard with a display that "walks" the operator 

through several options. 

For example BAT could be set for 

command detonation. Since its power 

source is self-contained, the present 

blasting machines or any electrical 

source could be used to provide the 

fire signal. Also, its internal timer 

provides a set-and-forget capability, 

or it may be set to external control, 

where several BATS are fired from 

one programmable fuze. 

PROPELLANT 

FOLLOW THROUGH CHARGE 

REVERSIBLE TRIPOD 

BAT MUNITION 

research. Fortunately, the circuitry, 

explosives and materials to produce 

BAT already exist as a result of orevious work at LLNL. No advances in 

technology are required to field this 

system. 

The major disadvantage of the system may be that too manyoptionsare 

available. Limiting the BAT tooneor 

two firing options could simplify the 

design. This would permit employment by any soldier. 

Since only a limited knowledge of 

explosives would be required to use a 

single-mission BAT, covering force 

lanes just after passing through 

them. This would help reduce the 

problem of target handoff from the 

engineers to the covering force and 

allow a concentrated engineer effort 

on higher priority missions. 

Although the MI80 has reached 

the field, the requirement still exists 

for a device to rapidly and effectively 

crater all hard surface roads. The 

engineer must have a reliable, easily 

emplaced cratering munition to 

accomplish AirLand Battle countermobility tasks. If this same munition 

Please turn to BAT naoe 10. 

CARRYING CASE 

FILLED WITH BALLAST 

SAFING. ARMING. 

AND FUZING 

FORWARD CHARGE 

b 

SUMMER, 1983 

UNITED STATES ARMY 

ENGINEER CENTER 

AND FORT BELVOIR, VA 

COMMANDER/COMMANDANT 

MG lames N. Ellis 

DEPUTY COMMANDANT 

COL James W. Ray 

CHIEF OF STAFF/DEPUTY 

INSTALLATION COMMANDER 

COL Paul -I. Hieeins uu 

COMMAND SERGEANT MAJOR 

1 10 SQT Update 

11 The Engineer Specialty Proponent Program I by Jim Price 

12 Training the IRR 

by MAJ Thomas Binek 

14 The Engineer Branch Training Team 

by James Scott 

15 Training EffectivenessEvaluations 

by James Scott 

16 The Engineer Regimental System 

by CPT Dana Bres 

18 Grad School 

by CPT Dana Bres 

CSM Orville W. Troesch Jr. 19 New Mix Design for the Concrete Mobile 

EDITOR by CPT Allen Estes 

lohn Florence 

ASSISTANT EDITORS 

2LT David I. Arrer 

Sue Wilborne 

CONTRIBUTING EDITOR 

SSG Bernard W. Tate 

DESIGN DIRECTOR 

lim Wilson 

On the covers: 

Front-Photo by lohn Florence. 

Back-CPT Steve Rerrler sharer his 

humor and considerable art talent with 

ENGINEER readers. A recent advanced 

course graduate, CPT Resiler serves 

with the 12th Engineer Bn., 8th Infantry 

Div. 

23 Airloading the Combat Heavy Engineer Company 

bv CPT Eric Morrren 

26 Antiarmor Trailer 

by LTC Wayne J. Scholl, CPT Byron E. Short Jr., 

ILT Thomas E. Peck & Greg Willis 

DEPARTMENTS 

Inside Front Cover:Forum 

2 News &Notes 

5 Engineer People 

6 Clear The Way 

7 Bridge The Gap 

8 SchoolNews 

13 Hotline Q &A 

15 Engineer Problem 

27 Engineer Solution 

28 Career Notes 

L'S(;ISI<l.:li ti an authorierd ~,ulrltvnr~onufthe C 5. Armv Knginwr Center angl Frrt I{+.lvoir.Va. Unless s1rt.c ~fiv:tIly*rnted. 

ml~r,.rl.tl.rppt.:tr!nC hrre~ndocs nor ~~...c.~.rr~l\ rrtlect utt~clitlpolicy. think~n~ or pndorsrtnent by iav,y agency 01 tht, I'S. .\rn,y. 

\Yhcn nit.rrlnc to rn~lltaryprrs.,nnt l in ct.nr.r:il. the words he, him. :41~1 Ill- are used tcr n.l,rt.rrnt personnel reg;~rcllts<01 svx. 1\11 

photuyr.~pl,* $.c,ntninccl here!" ;,rc, itrirt.%lI'S. Arm" photuyr.iph* onlt,ss otherwise t.rrditwl II+t, cli iundr i<,r prlnunc this 

puhl~c.ltic,nw:ss;tppra,v~,I hy He.t<l.,unrtt.r.;, Drp;trrmt.nt uf rh,, ,\r!n?..IoIv 22. 1361 .Matrr~aII~rrrat>8n;lr bereprlntvd ~fgr,:d~tIS 

2,ven ES(;INKt:I( ;and the author. .I..S(;ISF:I.:K'S ~~l~~ect~v~~s .ir+ 1%.t,rttv~dra forum lc,r tl~t~~~r~l~;i~~r~~oi~deaa to inform isncl 

motivate and to promotethe professional development ifall members dfthe Army engineer family. Dhect correspondence with 

b:SGISEEI{ ~sautl>orl,r,l;rnd encourngvd lnqirlcs, It tters tothr~.clttor,m;,nusrrlptr. photogr;i~,l,s:ittd ~'t11, mlc;~rrvsl~>n~l~~~ce 

sl~oul~l hv xvr>t 151 I ESGISEEI<. Vln.c.torntc ut l'rn~n~ngIlvv,~l~rl~mrn~~ (TLU,. Stop ltil.'l. l.'urt l{el\,oic, VA, PL,lGO 

'l'vlruhone -I>.{ titil.3 ;*..\\'S.ii.l .Subrirrt~~t~~~~tstiJ;Ni~ISE:F.J(drr.~~.~~li~l~l~~~hr~~~tehth~S~~~~nt~~n~l~~n

S. 

GovGrment Printing oflice, Washinzton. D.e.. 20402. A check or money order payable to Supkrintendent of Documents'must 

accompany al. .iul,s..rl~,tl 311 request- Kate* .,I... Sh i .lutnt,hnc ,tnrluailn~;\I,{):tnd FPO ifldrvssrs, and SIU 65 ior fon.lr:n 

;tJdrrssrs Indiv~du.~lt~.prt~s:rrvavntlableat 54.; pvrc >I,\fi~rdurnest~r.~~~~lrt~~~~.c.~n,lr:~ 1,; forforr~yn;~drlrt.sst.s.Second Class 

p~..;r.#gt, pad at Fort 13~Ivo~r. Vit, and addltlon.~ltn:~tI~n~: ,>filv+.s ISSS . .tIc)I v;?:). 
New ETL System 

For Pershing I1 

In preparation for the Pershing I1 

missile deployment in Europe, seven 

noncommissioned, warrant and commissioned officers from CONUS and 

overseas units met at Ft. Belvoir to 

learn about a sophisticated mapping 

system that will accompany the new 

strategic weapon. 

The system, called the Reference 

Scene Generation Facility (RSGF), 

was developed by the U.S. Army 

Engineer Topographic Laboratories 

(ETL) at Ft. Belvoir. When fielded, it 

will be used to make reference scenes 

(machine-readable maps) for Pershing 11, the most accurate ballistic 

missile ever built. 

The soldiers, from the 56th Field 

Artillery Brigade in Germany, the 

Field Artillery School and the 

TRADOC System Managers ,Office 

at Ft. Sill, Okla., visited ETLtolearn 

how to train other soldiers on using 

the RSGF. The week-long session 

was designed to bring the user, the 

developer and the trainer to a common turf in order to iron out kinks 

that might crop-up in other soldier 

training sessions on the RSGF. The 

soldiers also made a reference scene 

that was to be used in test-firing the 

34-foot missile this summer. 

The RSGF was developed by ETL 

under a contract let to the Goodyear 

Aerospace Corporation. Test firings 

in January and February of this year 

were highly successful and validated 

the fact that soldiers can make 

sophisticated scenes by using the 

facility. 

The missile's near-pinpoint accuracy is achieved through a technique 

called radar area correlation. As the 

reentry vehicle descends toward a 

target area, it compares live radar 

reflection from the target with reference scenes stored in the missile 

before launch. The reentry vehicle 

then makes course adjustments 

based on the comparative readings 

supplied by the guidance system. 

G Notes 


I.'i~~l(i rirtillr.rr~ snlriit,rs icmli ir,itli ETIIb computw(inset);eurliersirrc~~s\.j,rl 

lr!sf !iring qf I'rrshing II nrissilc. 

Pershing I1 is a truck-mounted, 

highly-mobile, theater nuclear weapon. It's the Army's newest and largest battlefield missile and is part of 

America's "dual-track" effort to 

achieve meaningful arms reduction. 

The missile is scheduled for deployment in Europe in December. 

The 4675th Engineer Plt., USAR 

Center. Garden City, Kans., received 

the Outstanding Small Unit Award 

at this year's Reserve Officers Assn. 

convention in Salt Lake City, Utah. 

The 4675th is commanded by CPT 

Richard D. West. 

ECTC '83: 

December 2-4, 

Arlington, Va. 

The 1983Engineer 

Commander's Training 

Conference (ECTC) will be held 

Dec. 2-4 at Stouffer's National 

Center Hotel in Arlington, 

Virginia (near Washington 

National Airport). Hotel 

reservations may be made toll 

free at (800) 325-5000. 
UT ARNG Spells Relief 


The 115th Engineer Group in Utah 

had a busy summer this year. When 

heavy snows and rains over a full 

water table led to massive mud slides 

and floods, over 100 pieces of equipment and 200 personnel were put to 

work. But despite some people working 18 to 20 hour shifts and some 

equipment operating on 24-hour 

shifts. 94 percent of the equipment 

functioned without problems. 

Helicopters from associated Utah 

National Guard units were used to 

transport geologists for observation 

and testing. Information gained 

helped direct the engineers' activities. From Farmington (30 miles 

north of Salt Lake City) to Fillmore 

(165 miles south of Salt Lake City). 

homes, farmland, and businesses 

were rescued or dug-out. 

The duties of the 1457th Combat 

Engineer Battalion were particularly demanding. Engineers from 

the 1457th convoyed 650 miles to Ft. 

Carson, Co. for "shake-out" and 

combined-arms FTXs, and then 

returned 650 miles to Utah on an 

emergency recall. Their personnel 

went into disaster relief service 

immediately. Their equipment averaped 94 to 97 percent in "up time" 

during two weeks of round-the-clock 

operation. 

Mayors and county commissioners 

of the flood and mud-stricken areas 

expressed great relief at having 

National Guard assistance. Great 

appreciation was expressed by many 

local citizens who brought food and 

drink to the laboring engineers. 

Correspondence Course Catalog Out 


The Institute for Professional 

Development (IPD) has distributed 

the first comprehensive catalog of 

Army Correspondence Course Program courses and subcourses. The 

new publication, DA Pam 351-20, 

was sent to unit trainingoffices, education centers and military occupation specialty (MOS) libraries. There 

are 490 courses and 3,000 subcourses 

listed in the 716-page catalog. Dated 

1 March 1983, the book replaces all 

22 volumes in the previous DA Pam 

351-20 series. 

All correspondence courses produced by 18 different TRADOC 

schools, plus four DoDIDA consolidated activities are included. Officers, warrant officers, and enlisted 

personnel in Active, Reserve, and 

National Guard components, cadets 

in ROTC and the National Defense 

Cadet Corps, authorized federal 

employees, foreign military personnel, government contractors, and 

non-U.S. citizens employed by DoD 

are eligible to study selected correspondence courses. This new catalog 

does not include correspondence 

courses offered by the ten DoDIDA 

non-consolidated activities, which 

administer their own courses, but it 

explains how and where to obtain 

them. 

Completion certificates and a 

limited number of diplomas are 

awarded. Some courses may be 

accepted for credit toward a college 

degree. Questions pertaining to correspondence courses should be 

addressed to: Institute for Professional Development, U.S. Army 

Training Support Center, Newport 

News. VA 23628, or call (804) 878- 

3085. AVN 927. 

Combat Engineer 

Game Tourney 

The Combat Engineer Game is a 

board game requiring knowledge of 

combat engineeringand general military subjects. Designed for use by 

junior NCOs, it involves map reading, resource allocation, and a rankadjusted scoring system. 

The Engineer School is considering the establishment of Army-wide 

competition. Anyone playing the 

game can send their scorecard (verified by a supervisor, E6and above) to 

USAES, ATZA-TDC-A, Ft. Belvoir, 

VA 22060. ATTN: 1LT Shafferman. 

A record of the highest scores will be 

maintained and published periodically in ENGINEER. 

Anyone with ideas on expanding 

this competition are asked to contact 

ILT Arthur Shafferman at the above 

address or by dialing (703) 664- 

249812384, AVN 354. 

CARRY-ON HA(:(;AC;EI.Vith 

M2OS y.madr ioirtirirer axd chainsazc % hand. SP4 Patrick Hawkins 

prepa.rc.8 to honrd r6 OH(jO Black 

Hawk helicopter during FTX Eagle 

Strik~III. The soldier isfrom B Co., 

926th Engineer Bn. (AirAssault). 
,.. CERL .... f'pestg::. ;: . . :, , .. . . ,

Solar..~d.werc:, . . ::. .,, .

The Energy ,Systems &ision, . . 

Army Construction'Engineer- . . esearch Laboratory (CERL), :.' 

'gn, Ill., recently.completed 

ptance test of a Skilowatt ' . 

aic (direct transfer of solar 

rgy to electricity) power system. . . stem is installed on the roof of' . ' 

lman Guest House at Ft..Hua-. :: ,Ariz.. andispart of the Dept. . ,, 

nergy-funded Federal Photovol- :: 

aic Utilization Program. The sys- . . . 

;',which , has ,196 'photovoltait 

els,,operates inparallel with the' . ' 

cal utility grid without power store, the grid providing power at' , 

ht'and during:peak periods. , : : 

Soldiersfrom C Co. raeerlo?or~ani?z?~e?.ted ladder orr tl 

' eeents in the 907th Engineer Bn.k squad 

ettle For Second? 

vated ...they gave 

their best shot," said SSG Russell 

Smith of his winning squad 

embers. As part of C Co., 307th 

ngineer Bn., 82nd Airborne Div., ' 

ted in a 13-

eluded were a 10-kilometer Pun, 

lacing a triple standard concerroute recona 'compass 

course; setting up a 292 radio 

antenna. and using proper- radio 

. . 

Members of the 527th Engineer 

Bn., Louisiana Army Nktional Guard . 

. . sweated-out thesummer-cncivil and 

.. . . military, engineering projects that 

' . TRY THIS FOR BREAKFAST! .helped communities throughoutthe 

SP5 Joseph Garrido, 84th Engineer . , state: . , . . .. . . 

. . . ' Bn. (Cbt)(Hvy), exerciseswith his MI 6 . . . . .. ; . . 

.. during moming.PT,at Schofield Bar-,, . . :' under the ~rmy~atidnai Guitrcs - . racks, Haw& The 84th regularly - .Community. ~ssistanceProgram, ' ... . . 

. . ...exercises with rizesa92d ,hnsin eom- 0 . 

' 

[engineer unit3 are able to provide 

procedures, ma 

preparing demolitions, making a 

one-rope bridge,,emplacing and re-. 

moving a hasty minefield, inspecting :. 

vehicles, decontaminating equipment, and running through the team 

assault course. 

By winning a combination of key 

events, Smith's 3rd Sq., 2nd Plt. finished first in the competition. "We, -

knew from the get-go we'd be up : 

there," Smith said of the contest. 

"Why settle en you 'can 

be number . . 

ects.' 

power to help complete various civk 

projects. . . 

The projects included reifirfacing 

a parking ibt and constructing sidewalks at the LSU Medical Center in 

Shreveport, extending a 

Vivian Airport in Vivian, pa ' 

parking lot in Gramhling, buil 

stock barn at the Rapides Par' 

.iseum in Alexandria, and buil 

;. .' bat-boots.-(Elaine Wejl phbio) ::.:. : construction equipment .and man- ,:.animal shelter in Pineville .... ... . . .', .. 
SFC Gerald Hi,r~l;i/ir,ists nso/dic'r i~r 

trai+tin.g at Ft. I,uo~rnrd Wood. hlo. 

Drill Sgt. Grabs 

Army Award 

This year's award for the Army 

Drill Sergeant of the Year was given 

to SFC Gerald Haake, a course 

manager at the Dr~ll Sergeant School 

at Ft. Leonard Wood, Mo. Haake's 

award was theculminationof aseries 

of awards that began w~th Post Dr~ll 

Sergeant of the Year at Ft. Leonard 

Wood. His other awards included 

being named TRADOC Drill Sergeant of the Year and NCO of the 

Month, Quarter and Year w~th the 

13th Eng~neer Bn. at Ft. Ord, Calif., 

and wlth the 4th Bn. (A~rborne), 

325th Infantry Regt. at V~cenza, 

Italy. 

Top USAR Re-Up 

When SFC Richard D. Stagman 

took time off from his job as a construction foreman to accept the 

Army Reserve Reenlistment NCO of 

the Year award for FY82, his boss 

didn't complain-his boss went with 

him. 

Stagman received his award from 

John 0. Marsh, Jr., Secretary of the 

Army. Stagman's boss, Richard 

Horner. Chairman of the Board for 

E.F. Johnson Co.. accompanied him 

ilIIII9UIi~VE-PVl Leland Allison cle,zrs 6'9" in hiylr jir11181 co~,,petition. 

Allisuw, Ji.orw B Co., 3rd I.:rr,ginee? Brl., 24th Infizntr?~ /)it... perched hintself 

4" abode the old recorcl and captured first place in the higlr jump at the 

intramural track and field meet at Ft. Stewart, Ga. 

Germany: 23 Yrs. 

Most soldiers overseas anxiously 

await their flight home after atourof 

dutv. but beine stationed in Germanv 

for 23 years suited CW4 Kenneth L. 

Griggs just fine, thank you. Griggs, 

who retired this summer after over 

30 years of service to his country, 

spent nearly all of his career 

overseas. He was last assigned to the 

82nd Engineer Bn., 7th Engineer 

Bde. 

In 1951, Griggs headed out to his 

first assignment at Camp Zama, 

Japan. Since that time, he has served 

one tour in Korea, two in Vietnam. 

some miscellaneous time in CONUS, 

and about 23 years total in Germany. 

NCO 

to the Pentagon for the award 

ceremony. 

Since October 1978, Stagman was 

the reenlistment NCO for the 492nd 

Engineer Co. of Mankato, Minn. The 

492nd is part of the 205th Infantry 

Bde., 88th ARCOM and 5th Army. 

Stagman now serves as the reenlistment NCO for the 205th. 

Stagman has been credited with 

yearly retention ratesof 80 percent or 

more. 

CW4 (Ret.) Ken?~ctli L. Gigg.9 

Engineer People is a new 

department in ENGINEER 

presenting items of human 

interest and spotlighting the 

personal accomplishments of 

Army engineers. Please send 

submissions (typed doublespaced, and noting a point-ofcontact) to: Assistant Editor, 

ENGINEER Magazine, 

ATZA-TDL Stop 16F4, U.S. 

Army Engineer School, Ft. 

Belvoir, VA 22060. 
by MG James N. Ellis, Commandant, U.S. Army Engineer School 

A Hit or Miss-


It's Your Call 


Are Engineer School products 

meeting your. needs? We want 

you to tell us. 

The lead articles in this issue (pages 11to 18)are by 

the Directorate of Engineer Force Management, 

Provisional (DEFM). 

Despite its high sounding title, DEFM has three 

down to earth missions: Engineer force personnel 

proponency, engineer force standardization, and engineer force evaluation. While each of these is equally 

important, evaluation is perhaps the one least understood. I'd like to focus here on how the evaluation 

function affects the ability of the engineer force to 

accomplish its mission, and how it affects the ability of 

those of us in TRADOC to effectively train the force. 

DEFM's articles on the Branch Training Team 

(page 14) and Training Effectiveness Evaluations (page 

15) in this issue cover two key approaches to evaluation, 

but it is essential to point out the role of evaluation in 

the Army's training system. 

Getting on Target 

We should begin by defining what we mean by 

"evaluation." In the Army's training system, evaluation 

is the last link in a systematic development chain of 

analysis, design, development, and implementation. In 

the application of this process, whether it be for 

organizations, equipment, training, or manuals, evaluation is the key element. The TRADOC school 

system, and we here at the Engineer School, consciously involve units, personnel and expertise from 

the field in our efforts to analyze problems and 

deficiencies that affect mission accomplishment. 

That is only the first step. Once that analysis is 

complete, and the design, development and implemen 

tation of the solutions are accomplished, we need to 

know how effective we were in producing products 

that satisfied your needs. 

In other words, we need your feedback on whether we 

hit or missed the target. If we missed, we need to know 

bv how much and in what direction. That feedback must 

come from you-the user in the field. Evaluation does 

not measure or compare personnel or units. ~tis not a 

score sheet or report card on field units. It is, however, 

our only way of measuring how well we are doing in 

performing our missions for the force. It is our way of 

determining what is necessary to keep us on target. 

The Loop 

Feedback from the field can take many forms, all of 

which are valuable. It can be the results of a formal 

survey, questionnaire or visit. It can also be an 

informal discussion by phone, message or letter. The 

feedback we need can be typed on DA Form 2028, 

Recommended Changes to Publications axd Blank 

Forms, or called to the Engineer Hotline. It can be 

at the request of the Engineer School, or, more 

importantly and perhaps least used, on the initiative of 

a unit or person in the field. But most importantly, in 

whatever form, it must take place. Regardless of how 

comprehensive our efforts are to be on target the first 

time, we at the School can assure our success only by 

adjusting the burst on target. The importance of 

completing this loop cannot be overemphasized. 

You engineer soldiers, NCOs and officers who work 

in our units, you are the ones who employ our doctrine, 

operate and maintain our equipment, and use our 

training products. You yourselves are products of our 

training system. You are the real experts in how well 

we are doing. Your opinions, comments and 

suggestions-your feedback and evaluation-are key to 

our continued success. 

I request your support in providing the feedback 

necessary to continue achieving our mutual goal of 

excellence in training the engineer force. 

USAES Reorganization 

I would also like to alert you to the approaching 

reorganization of the Engineer School. We, along with 

all other TRADOC schools, will be reorganizing 

during FY84 to emphasize even more our mission of 

training the force. I will provide you more detailed 

information in a future issue of ENGINEER. 
BRIDGE THE GA 

by CSM O.W.Troesch Jr., U.S. Army Engineer Center & School 

Give Us Your Two Cents Worth 

As NCOs, you work with Engineer School products every day. Your 

evaluation of those products is very important to us. 

A.s noncommissioned officers, you play a vital role~nthe evaluation process MG Ellis refers to in 

"Clear The Way." 

As grass-roots level trainers and maintenance 

supervisors, you are the Army's first-line users of new 

equipment, manuals and doctrine. You, more than 

anyone else, know the strengths and weaknesses of 

our new soldiers coming out of Engineer OSUT. 

Each of you is a gold mine of information. Your 

feedback about Engineer School products is critically 

important to the School's evaluation efforts. 

NCO in the field, provide an evaluation of a new piece 

of equipment. 

To truly conduct an evaluation of a new piece of 

equipment, we must first learn all there is to know 

about it. That includes maintenance, PMCS checks, 

operation and employment. As a noncommissioned 

officer, you should be thoroughly trained on your new 

equipment so that you can train others how to use it 

and enhance the integration of the new item into the 

squad, platoon or company. You must be fully 

knowledgeable of the item if you are going to provide 

an informative and useful evaluation. 

A Good Evaluation Questions to Ask 

There are several things to keep in mind when The following are some questions you should 

doing a good evaluation. consider during your evaluation: 

First, he objective. Personal criticism based on "this Can the equipment do what we said we 

isn't the way we did it in my last unit" is not an wanted it to do? 

evaluation. It is sometimes difficult to step back and Can it be maintained and operated by 

look at things objectively, but that's what you have soldiers, using the operator's manuals 

got to do. A good evaluation is not based on emotion; provided? 

a good evaluation is based on facts. In what way does it enhance or detract from 

squad, platoon, or company capabilities? 

Secondly, you'll find it easier to do a complete 

evaluation if you try to anticipate what facts the 

Engineer School must know to improve the product in 

question. Imagine that you are the person receiving 

an evaluation from the field, and that it's your 

responsibility to improve the product. You would want 

to know specifics. You would want to know exactly 

what was wrong with the product, and you would 

appreciate specific suggestions on how to correct the 

problem. 

If you approach your evaluation from the 

perspectives of being objective and of being complete, 

your feedback will be accurate and valuable. 

Let's walk through a situation in which you, as an 

What unusual training problems were 

incurred? 

How could the product be improved? 

After an evaluation of a product, system, manual, 

new piece of equipment or tool, if you're convinced 

that the product could he improved, write to me here 

at the Engineer School or tell me in person as I visit 

engineer units throughout the Army. 

We at the Engineer School do not suppose to have 

all of the answers. It is for that very reason that we 

encourage your evaluation and feedback. I look 

forward to discussing this topic and others during my 

visits. I ask you to help me "bridge the gap" between 

the school and you, the grass-roots users of Engineer 

School products. 
--- 

m~chool News 


Directorate of 

Engineer Force Management 

Women In The Army Study: As a result of discussions between MG Ellis and DSCPER, a number of TOE 

positions may be opened or reopened to women. Some units will be partially 

opened. 

The basis for opening duty positions to women is two-fold: that the positions 

are behind the brigade rear boundary, and that the individual would not be 

expected to routinely engage in direct combat. DEFM will do a line-by-line 

analysis to determine which Engineer MOSS should be open to women and 

which should not. The results of the analysis are expected at the end of the 

year. 

Directorate of 

Training Developments 

Supplements for MOS 52D: As a result of refinements to the Skill Qualification Test (SQT) program, the 

formal SQT will be an annual written test, theresultsof which will be usedfor 

Enlisted Personnel Management System (EPMS)purposes. Until publication 

of thc new 52D Soldier's Manual, a Soldier's Manual Supplement (SMS) will 

be available to provide trainers with an informal hands-on evaluation guide, 

and to provide trainers and soldiers holding MOS 52D with revised task 

summaries. 

Before administering hands-onevaluationsduring preparationforthe 1984 

SQT, unit commanders, trainers, and soldiers holding MOS 52D should read 

the summaries and evaluation material for each task. All copies of the Soldier's Manuals within units should be updated using the information contained 

in the revised task summaries. 

Because of important changes to certain task summaries in the 52D Soldier's Manual, the task summaries must be carefully reviewed and studied 

before taking the 1984 SQT. The task summaries found in the SMS replace 

those summaries with the same task number found in the 52D Soldier's 

Manual. 

Directorate of 

Training and Doctrine 

EOAC Changes: 	 Officers attending EOAC in FY85 will be confronted with a new, modularized training strategy. There will also be increased emphasis on computerbased educational technology and small-group/experiential learning. 

Situational exercises will be used extensively to have students demonstrate 

ability to solve problems and gain access to information. By "learning how to 

learn" and "training to be trainers," students will be better prepared for 

continu~ngtheir education and training their subordinates after they leave 

Ft. Belvoir. 

TEWT Training: 	 A new aspect of EOAC is a brigade assault river crossing tactical exercise 

without troops (TEWT) on the Potomac River. By emphasizingground reconnaissance for identification and selection of far shore intermediateobiectives. 

development of a deception plan, and selection of crossing sites. the TEWT 

focuses on AirLand Battle operations. The eight-hour day concludes with a 

conccpt-of-operation briefing, covering all engineer brigade-level responsibilities. 
Special Weekend Courses: 	 In a continuing effort to assist Army Reserve and National Guard personnel 

and units with their training, a series of Special Weekend Courses (SWC) is 

offered each FY. The courses, taught primarily by DTAD instructors, 

emphasize combat and construction engineering and tactics. The purpose of 

the SWC is to improve the skills of training officers and NCOs. POC is Unit 

Training Section, (703) 664-3008, AV 354. 

Defense Mapping School 

Available Courses: 	 The Defense Mapping Agency provides mapping, charting, and geodetic 

(MC&G) support to the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the 

military departments, and other DoD components. Here is a summary of 

courses now offered by the Defense Mapping School: 

Suruey eournes: providing accurate horizontal and vertical control for military construction projects (Constn~tion Surr~ey. MOS 82B) or for mapping 

and systems support (Geodetic Sun~ey. MOS 82D). Also, DMA teaches Construction Drafting, MOS 81B. 

Cartogrnphic courses: producing photomaps: compiling and revising maps 

and map substitutes. Terrain Analusin courses (MOS81Q)and Graphic Arts 

courses (MOS 83E, 83F). 

Topographic Instrument Repair (MOS 41B):maintenanceofoptical surveying and photomapping instruments. Reproduction Equipment Repair (MOS 

83FJ6): maintaining presses and lithographic equipment. 

Analytical Photogrammetric Positioning System (APPS) Course: using the 

system for precise point positioning from aerial photos. Digital Topographic 

Data Course: basic digital mapping.. 

NCO professional development courses: Terrain Analysis, Cartography. 

Geodetic &~rveyin,g. Management courses: MC&G 0fJicer:s Course. MC&G 

Sewior Officer's Course. 

For more information, write: Director. Defense Mapping School, ATTN: 

TDE, Fort Belvoir. VA 22060. 

Directorate of 

Combat Developments 

MAA Distributed: 	 The U.S. Army Engineer School has published a major new study, thecombat 

Support Engineer Mine Warfare Mi~sim Area Analysis (CSEMW MAA). 

The study analyzed the ability of the combat engineer to accomplish the 

primary missions of mobility, countermohility, survivability, general engineering and topography, as well as the secondary mission of fighting as 

infantry. The CSEMW MAA produced and identified over 40majordeficiencies, possible corrective actions for each deficiency.andadetailed program to 

implement the corrective actions. This information was published as the 

CSEMW MAA Development Plan and will he updated annually. The full 

report of the CSEMW MAA (the Executive Summary, the Main Report, the 

Suppmting Analyses, and the Development Plan) was distributed to (among 

others) all active engineer commands (battalion and above) and all Army 

Reserve engineer commands (brigade and above). 

Questions or comments regarding the CSEMW MAA should he sent to: 

Commandant. U.S. Army Engineer School. ATTN: ATZA-CD, Ft. Belvoir, 

VA 22060. 
UPDATE 


Feedback from the field indicates 

that the Army's new SQT system is 

not well understood. 

The new program consists of three 

parts: A common task test; an 

informal, local, hands-on evaluation 

of MOS task performance; and a 

refined, MOS-specific written test. 

Common Task Test 

The common task test is a handson test, withawrittenbackuptestwhich 

may be used when equipment is not 

available. Tasks tested will be taken 

from the Soldier's Manual of 

Common Tasks. All soldiers E7 and 

below, will take the common task 

test. This test may be locally scored, 

but results must be reported for 

training diagnostic purposes. 

Commanders may use scores as 

input for EER, local promotion 

boards, etc. The common task test 

can be administered at any time 

during a 12-month period. 

Hands-on Evaluation 

The informal, local, hands-on 

evaluation of MOS task performance 

is administered bv the local commander. Using the soldier's manual, 

the commander selects the tasks to 

be evaluated and determines where 

and when the evaluation will take 

place. 

This evaluation may take place 

anytime during the year and as 

often as desired. Evaluation score 

sheets will be in therevised soldier's 

manuals. Results of this evaluation 

will not be formally reported. 

Written Test 

An MOS-specific written test will 

I 


bedeveloped for each MOS and skill 

level to measure individual soldier 

proficiency. The written test will 

cover soldier's manual tasks representing the entire MOS and skill 

level, not just current duty position. 

The test will takeabout two hours to 

administer. The period designated 

for taking the test will be three 

months long, as prescribed by DA. 

The test will he given annually in 

the active component, and every 

other year in thereserve component. 

Local commanders may score skill 

level one written tests using a printed 

For Official Use Only answer key 

provided with the test. All MOSspecific written tests will be centrally 

scored and used for training 

decisions and for DA level personnel 

management purposes in the active 

component. 

SQT feedback reports will he 

provided to soldiers and commanders. Individual Soldier Reports 

(IRS) will be sent to soldiers and 

commanders within 30 days after 

submission of the test for scoring. 

Thereport willidentify those tasks 

on which a soldier needs additional 

training. - Summary . reports . will be 

provided periodically, or upon 

request, to company through division level commanders. The 

summary reportwill contain average 

SQT scores for all MOS/skill levels 

tested. 

This new SQT system will be 

phased in through fiscal years 1984 

to 1986. During that time, new 

soldiers manuals are published for 

most of the 37 Engineer MOSS and 

103 skill levels. When fully implemented, the new program will 

provide local feedback for improving 

training, as well as basis for 

equitable personnel decisions at DA 

level. If you have questions regarding the SQT, contact Mr. Steve 

Zeigler at the Engineer School's 

Directorate of Training Developments, SQT Branch, (703)664-6051, 

AV 354. 

Preparation Hints 

Engineer soldiers are responsible 

for all aspects of shared tasks, not 

just portions applicable to their duty 

positions. To be prepared for the 

SQT, the soldier should be familiar 

with all performance measures 

within these shared tasks. 

Often correct terminology is not 

being used for equipment and 

materials during training periods 

with lower skill level soldiers. 

Trainers should ensure that the 

terminology they use is consistent 

with that in the soldier's manual and 

technical and field manuals. The 

terminology used in these manuals 

will also he used in the SQT. It is, 

therefore, important that the lower 

skill level soldiers become familiar 

with the correctterminology in order 

to do well on their SQT. 

Soldiers are unawareofthe role of 

theSQT as related to promotion and 

schools. The importance of the SQT 

must he stressed. 

,.ontin,r~~ -- --, -* --.------

could also destroy bridges and tunnels, it would be an extremely valua- I.,- n-..-b-u...-~:~:L.. &--I 

"Le GUUlllreI IIIUVIIIbY LUUI. 

It took 17 years to get the MI80 to 

the field. There is no justifiable reason why it should take that longtoget 

a second generation munition to the 

engineer soldier. If necessary, money 

should be diverted from the purchase 

of the MI80 to the development of a r, A". ,:I.. .... 2.-. PfiI-IIKe SySLerrl. 

CPT Randy Lundberg is a military 

research associate at the Lawrence 

Livermore National Laboratory. A 

graduate of Michigan Technolow 

University, he has a master's degree 

in electrical engineering from the Air 

Force Institute of Technology. He 

served in Germany as a platoon 

leader and as chief of the V Corps 

Nuclear Surety Team. At Fort Belvoir, CPT Lundberg was an Engineer 

School instructor and company 

commander. 
The Engineer 

Specialty Proponent Program 

by Jim Price 

Army engineers are, for the first 

time, playing a key role in developing personnel policies that 

directly affect the force structure, 

force management, and individual 

professional development of Army 

engineers. 

Examples of the types of policies 

that are changing as a result of this 

new program are presented on pages 

12 to 18.But before we cover the specifics, let's first discuss this new 

program-the Engineer Specialty 

Proponent Program-and what it 

means to the engineer community. 

A proponent is that individual or 

organization assigned primary 

responsibility for providing recommendations to HQDA concerning 

military professional development 

and changes to personnel management policies. Proponents have been 

designated for eachoccupational speciality in the Army. The commandant of the U.S. Army Engineer 

School has been assigned the responsibility for the engineer speciality 

proponency. 

Before October 1982, proponency 

was a DA staff responsibility. In the 

case of the Engineer Branch, the 

chief of engineers was the proponent. 

At that time, proponency only concerned commissioned officers. The 

delegation of this responsibility, with 

its inherent authority and its expansion to include warrant officers and 

enlisted personnel, introduced a new 

way of getting things done-the 

Engineer Specialty Proponent 

Program. 

Under the Engineer Speciality 

Proponent Program, the Engineer 

School commandant is responsible 

for all Engineer Branch officer speciality codes (SC), warrant officer 

military occupational specialties 

(MOS), and enlisted Career Management Fields (CMF). The Engineer 

School also has joint proponent 

responsibility with the Ordnance 

School for three MOSs in CMF 63 

(Mechanical Maintenance). (See list 

of SCs and MOSs.) 

~thlnthe U.S. Army Engineer 

School staff, the Directorate of 

Engineer Force Management, Provisional (DEFM) has been designated 

to handle proponent matters. However, the responsibility for accomplishing the life cycle personnel 

management activities remains with 

ENGINEER PROPONENT 


OFFICER SPECIALTY CODES 


21 Combat Engineer 


22 Topographic Equipment 


23 Facilities/Contraet 


Construction Management 

Engineer 

WARRANT OFFICER MOS 

31OAO Utilities Operation and 


Maintenance Technician 


310A5 Power SystemsTechnician 

621AO Engineer Equipment Repair 

Technician 

621AV Support Repair Technician 

81 1AO Survey Technician 

833A0 Reproduction Technician 

841AO Terrain Analysis Technician 

ENLISTED CMF 


12 Combat Engineer 


51 General Engineering 

81 Topographic Engineering 

JOINT PROPONENT WITH 


ORDNANCE SCHOOL(M0S) 


52C Utilities Equipment Repairer 


5213 Power Generator Equip 


ment Repairer 


628 Construction Equipment 


Repairer 


the appropriate Engineer School 

directorate having the functional 

expertise to resolve a given issue. 

Under the Engineer Specialty 

Proponent System, the USAES can 

incorporate engineer related considerations into the life cycle personnel 

management policies, programs, and 

procedures established subsequently 

by HQDA. 

0 

The engineer proponent is charged 

with gathering and evaluating information, identifying issues and setting priorities, formulating 

alternatives, coordinating actions, 

and causing change in each step of 

the life cycle personnel management 

process. 

ff~cerand enlisted engineers are 

now ~nvolved with designing 

their own personnel management 

policies. If you have suggestions or 

concerns in this area, write to the 

Commandant, U.S. Army Engineer 

School, ATTN: ATZA-FM, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060. 

After your suggestion or information is analyzed, it may be brought 

before the Engineer Proponency 

Steering Committee as a potential 

"initiative." Initiatives approved by 

the steeringcommitteearedeveloped 

into recommended policy changes. 

Through this system, the engineer 

community can better influence the 

future of the Corps of Engineers. 

Jim Price is apersonnel staffoffirer 

at DCSPER, HQDA. He has a Inastey's degree in hvriness admi?!,istration from Ce~tral Mirhigan 

Uniilersiw and a bachelor's degree 

,fi-omthe Uniixrsity 0.f Maryland. HP 

retiredfroln the Arm11nu a command 

sergeant major and is a graduate of 

the Serypants Majwr Acade?ny. 
PT 


Jbii Lim L 


the reservist, provide him with an 

OERjEER support form, and to 

ensure the individual knows what to 

expect during the tour of duty. 

The best approach is for the active 

installation's operations/training 

officer to contact the USAR advisor 

after the training schedule is complete to determine what IRR personnel assetsare requiredand when they 

can be productively used. The USAR 

advisor then submits these requirements to RCPAC as a training 

opportunity. 

Deliberate planning is important 

and cooperation must exist between 

all key players. The reservist mustbe 

trained and be ready to assume his 

role during mobilization. That 

responsibility lies squarely upon all 

of those associated with IRR 

training. 

Shared Effort 

The point is that quality IRR training results from a shared effort 

between RCPAC and the active 

component. 

It is RCPAC's responsibility to 

plan, coordinate and to manage 

training opportunities that improve 

the skills and professional development of IRR members. The active 

component, however, must effectively use IRR personnel by providing them training that addresses 

mobilization requirements. 

These principles are best summarized by Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairby 	MAJ Thomas Binek 

How Important are reserve component (RC) engineers? The 

figures speak for themselves. About 

63 percent of the Army's engineer 

officers are assigned to the reserve 

components: 42 percent in the Army 

Reserve (USAR) and 21 percent in 

the Army National Guard. Only 37 

percent of our engineer officers are in 

the active Army. 

One of the key missions of the 

Reserve Components Personnel 

Administration Center (RCPAC) is 

to prepare and tomobilizeIndividual 

Ready Reservists (IRR). These are 

reservists in the manpower pool but 

who are not assigned to a USARunit. 

It is RCPAC that manages these men 

and women, but it is the active components that must train the IRR. 

Using IRR members to review IG 

deficiencies, inventory the supply 

room, or torewrite aunitfire evacuation ~lan is not meaninaful mobilization training. Such assignments will 

not help reservists on the battlefield, 

enhance their professional development, nor motivate them to remain in 

the USAR. 

Special Skills 

IRR members have a wide rangeof 

military and civilian skills. Besides 

their engineeringexpertise, IRRpersonnel have civilian skills in mathematics, geography, logistics. 

chemistry, cartography, personnel 

management, education and other 

highly technical fields. The active 

components can use those skills when 

conducting mobilization exercises, 

field training exercises, and other 

essential activities. Just as civilian 

employers capitalize on military 

training and education of their 

employees, the Army must draw on 

the IRR member's civilian skills. 

To understand the active component's role in training the IRR 

member, it's necessary to briefly discuss how RCPAC supports such 

training. The RCPAC personnel 

manager works closely with the individual reservist to identify training 

needs. A training program is 

planned, then the personnel manager 

and the RCPAC Training Coordination Branch find appropriate training opportunities with an active unit. 

This is one of the most critical phases 

of the training. 

Once a reservist's skills have been 

identified, good planningisvital. Key 

players must be identified in the 

active organization, including the 

installation director of reserve components (DRC) or USARadvisor,and 

commanders at all levels. RCPAC 

identifies an individual and his training needs to the DRC. Then it's the 

DRCjUSARadvisor's duty tocontact 

,9m - 1100 

IWO 

WO 

800 

700 

MX) 

5W 

400 

300 

200 

100 

0 

Training Goal (Counterpart Tours) 

Training Accomplished 

n	TRAINING GOAL ICP TOURS) 

TRAINING ACCOMPLISHED 

552 552 1.1 of May 1983) 

FY 81 FY 82 FY 83 
IRR DEMOGRAPHICS 	 man, General John W. Vessey: "The 

only true readiness is total force readiness. That's the readiness of the 

active forces, the Reserve, and the 

National Guard." 

By intelligently tapping the IRR 

manpower pool, active Army engineer units will benefit from periodic 

injections of new talent and will 

make a major contribution to total 

force readiness. 

MAJ Thomas Binek is a personnel 

management officer at Engineer 

Branch. RCPAC, and is a member of 

Ft. Belvoir's Eng+neer Proponency 

ernaining SVC Obligation 	 Steering Committee. He has a hachelor's degree ineducation from Dickerson State College and has served in 

several Army Reserve and National 

Guard engineer units. 

ribution was transferred from the Cor~ 

ineers to the Quartermaster Corps beg 

981. Eauioment and ~ersonnel change I 	 asso~ciated , 

wii 

, 

th the trar isfer are still under1Nay. 

For the Natio nal Guard and Arm y Reserve ,the 

transfer will n lot be con npleted UIntil 1986. 

c &A
,. 


\A ",.?I-*.."*: .vulcc ucLccrlvll III~tallation 


Dort rerna ins an Enl ponsibilit) 


We are interested in training our officers in 

airfield repair. Is there an Air Force manual that 

outlines the procedures and specifications? 

A. The Interim Planning Guidance for Rapid 

Rirrlway Repair, dated December 1981 anc I 

published by the Air Force Engineering an d 

Serb,ices Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, ac ldresses 

this area. 

What pul: 	 afer safer) 1 for ,L^

orruse prrwr 

4R 385-15 ,Water 5afety 


TM 385-1-1, Safety and Health . . 


-. . 

Requir 

? 

ements Manual 


IIVI 2-~
 -<,.iu, Military Floating 61"'~ 


Equipn 


Q. vvj,eL ,,uU,rL.,ru,,, 	 uy rve ,A,h"+ .... h be i~st~, rclc 

units as a guide in designing an individual 

HOTLINE Q & A is. 88svv "~partment 

ENGINEER designed to pass along a sampling 

of questions received on the Engineer Hotline. 

For more information on how to use the 

Hotline see page 14~ 

Q. How ( rs of the <Iombat 

cng~neerbarner 

A. The Combat Engineer Game (GTA 5-14-1) ca 

be ordered through local TASC offices or by 

calling ILT Aurthur Shafferman or Ms. Marieller 

Steece at the Engineer School, (7031 66 4-2384/ 

2498, AVN 354. A sr :cond set of 'misiior 1 and 

question cards for t he game will be av, ailable in 

the Spring, 1984. 

0 1 l C ., ..., ,.,.

for doctrine and training for water purification A. The soldier's manual and trainer's guid units? the 52G MOS will not be out for at least ttLocs 

A. The Q uarterma!;ter Schoc rall yea1.s. Available at this time is TM 5-765, Electrical 

responsibility for dl 3ctrine an :for wdtei r Ponfer Transmission and Distribution; and The 

purificati~,"... 1 in<!man's and Cablemarl's Handbook, a civilian 

Proponency for field watel 	 lication by McGraw Hill. 

,.
 .

Arm, ....., ,..,...,,. ,,..,.,. 
 .-,, rsible training program for the 52G MOS? 
The 

Engineer Branch 

Training Team 

by James Scott 

what is a Branch Training 

Team? Another training distractor? Another group of staff weenies coming to the field, making 

ridiculous demands? Absolutely not! 

The Branch Training Team (BTT) 

establishes important two-way communication between the Engineer 

School and engineer units. Too often 

troops in the field feel that everyone 

at the School is in an ivory tower with 

little concern or understandingof the 

problems in the field. 

The BTT is a group of representatives from Engineer School directorates that meets with units in the 

field to discuss changes occurring in 

the engineer arena. These visits are 

primarily meetings with engineers 

from platoon sergeants on up. 

Direct Communication 

At these meetings, the School 

representatives give a short presentation on recent changes and developments: then the meeting is opened to 

questions and comments from unit 

personnel. 

The meetings give individual engineers direct communication with the 

Engineer School. Many of the questions raised at these sessions are answered on the spot by the team 

members. Questions the team can't 

answer are researched at Fort Belvoir and the answers sent back to the 

unit. 

Subjects brought up for discussion 

during the meetings are later presented to the rest of the School. Such 

feedback is critical totheoperationof 

the Engineer School. The BTT is a 

very effective way toobtain informaness of Engineer School products 

The Players 

The BTT normally includes 

members from the Directorates of 

Training Developments, Combat 

Developments and Engineer Force 

Management. 

The representative from Training 

Developments discusses skill qualification tests, soldier's manuals, course 

developments, the Army training 

and evaluation program, training 

devices, training extension courses 

and other training related matters. 

The Combat Developments representative presents information about 

material and equipment development, tables of organization and 

equipment, and organizational 

changes. The Engineer Force Management team member addresses 

matters primarily related to personnel management policies. 

On some unit visits, representatives from the Engineer Training 

Center at Fort Leonard Wood will be 

present to discuss almost any area on 

which the training center has an 

impact. 

Training Information 

The key to the BTT's success is the 

exchange of information and openly 

discussing problems and ideas. An 

equally important factor is disseminating discussion results to the field. 

Current plans call for each 

CONUS engineer battalion to be 

visited by a BTT once every two 

years. Engineer units overseas may 

expect a visit every two or three 

years, depending on resources. 

The Branch Training Team might 

not actually train anyone, but it is an 

excellent opportunity for yon to talk 

directly to people at the Engineer 

School who shape policies that influence your career. 

James Scott %schief of the Training 

Systems Branch, Directorate of Engineer Force Management, U.S. Arm?! 

Engineer School, Ft.Bel~~oir. 

ENGINEER HOTLINE 

Problems, questions, and comments relating to engineer doctrine. 

training, organization, and equipment can be addressed telephonically to the U.S. Army Engineer School's "Engineer Hotline." The 

Hotline's auto-answer recorder operates 24 hours a day, seven days 

a week. Callers should state their name, address and telephone 

number, followed by a concise question or comment. You'll receive a 

reply within three tc The Hotl line is not 

for formal requests 

Call commercial (703) 664-3646; WATTS 800-336-30av, cAtcl,-

s 54-3646.

tion about the quality and effective- -

V 
Training 

Effectiveness 

Evaluations 

the TEEs. It is also important that 

comments on problem areas be as 

specific as possible. Many times, the 

only comments received are that 

soldiers "aren't able to do anything." 

This is not only false, but it does not 

tell the evaluation team where the 

problem is. Comments, and especially complaints, should be as specific as possible. 

So the next time someone from the 

by James Scott 

T..' he telephone in the battalion S3's 

offlce rlngs. You answer and 

someone on the other end says people 

from the Engineer School would like 

to visit your unit as part of a "Training Effectiveness Evaluation." 

What do you do? Panic? Tell the 

caller to mind his own business? Do 

they want to check out the unit's 

training or what? Who are these 

people? 

Relax! A Training Effectiveness 

Evaluation (TEE) is not a threat. A 

TEE is simply an effort to determine 

the effectiveness of Engineer 

Advanced Individual Training(A1T) 

and professional development 

courses. 

Engineer School courses are developed through a complex training 

development process. This process is 

not complete without a post-training 

evaluation. The training development process is a continuous job of 

upgrading training toensure that the 

needs of the field are being satisfied 

and that new coursesare aimed in the 

right direction. 

There are two major questions 

asked during a TEE: Do the courses 

in question adequately cover the 

tasks that a skill level one soldier 

needs to function in the field? And, if 

the tasks are covered, are they properly taught? The only real way to 

determine this is togo to the field and 

see how well the graduates do their . . JOOS. 

TEEs are done in avariety of ways. 

Normally, data is collected througha 

combination of surveys and interviews of skill level one soldiers and 

their supervisors. Surveys may be 

mailed to the unit, to the individual, 

or taken to the unit during a Branch 

Training Team visit. Some surveys 

are done by telephone. 

Directorate of Engineer Force Management at the Engineer School calls 

and asks if he or she can do a portion 

of a Training Effectiveness Evaluation at your unit, lend a hand. The 

A TEE will not, in most cases. evaluator may be able to improve 

affect a field unit directly, other than Your unit's effectiveness by improvthe time required for the interviews ing the quality of the graduates you 

or survey. In the long run though, the receive. Consider it an investment in 

TEE mav haveamaiorimoactonthe your unit's future. . ~~~~~ 

quality of OSUT graduates sent to James Scott is ch,ieJoJ the Training 

the unit. Systems Branch. Directorate of EngiIt is important that detailed and neer Force Management, U.S. Army 

valid information he collected during En,qineerSchool, Ft. Belvoir. 

ENGINEER PROBLEM 

Determine the proportions of a l-cubic yard batch of non-air entrained 

concrete given the following information: 

a. The specified 28-day compressive strength (f'c)has dictated a watercement ratio (w/c) of .44. 

b. Cement is Type I Normal. Specific gravity = 3.15. One sack = 94 


pounds. 


c. Amount of water and air based on a desired 3-inch slump and l-inch (. 

MSA for the cubic yard batch is 300 pounds water and 1.5% entrapped ail 

Water = 8.334/gallon 

d. Sand: Fineness Modulus = 2.6 e. Gravel: 1" (-) MSA 

Specific Gravity = 2.7 Specific gravity = 2.65 

Bulk Unit Weight = Bulk Unit Weight = 

110 lbs/cf 105 Ibs/cf 

2% Free Surface Moisture 0% Free Surface 

Moisture 

Volume of Coarse Aggregate 


Per Unit of Volume of Concrete 


Volume of dry-rodded coarse aggreate 


per unit volume of concrete lor 


Maximum size different fineness moduli ol rand 


of aggregate, 


in. 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 

2 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 SOLUTION ON 3 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76 

6 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.87 PAGE 27 
The Engineer 

Regimental 

System 


by CPT Dana Bres 

ver the next few years, the Corps 

reorganize into 

regiments. This regimental system is 

a key part of the Army's New Manning System, a program to increase 

unit combat effectiveness by reducing personnel turnover. 

Past personnel management policies have focused on the individual. 

This has caused a considerable 

number of personnel changes which, 

in turn, has impeded the development of cohesive, well-trained 

squads, crews and sections. 

Two initiatives-Project COHORT 

and the regimental system-will 

help stabilize soldiers in units, and 

make possible unit replacement and 

unit homebasing. 

COHORT Companies 

The key point of the COHORT 

(Cohesion, Operational Readiness, 

Training) company is that the soldiers and their leaders will be together 

for three years, less time for initial 

entry training (IET). 

During this time, no personnel 

changes will be scheduled. Personnel 

assigned to aunit at itsestablishment 

will remain with that unit for three 

years. Leaders will have the opportunity to lead and to train without 

constantly losing personnel due to 

reassi~nment. With personnel turnover in Germany currently 

approaching 40 percent, for example, stabilization should prove a buon 

to training and espirit. 

COHORT soldiers will be stabilized in units from the day they enter 

the Army. Combat armssoldiers will 

undergo IET in a company-sized 

unit. After IET, they will beassigned 

to a CONUS installation (with cadre) 

where they will form a stabilized 

unit. They will remain together 

throughout their first enlistment. 

Deployment Overseas 

As part of the regimental system. 

A COHORT company will deploy 

overseas (OCONUS) 18months after 

IET begins (15 monthsafter the company was activated). The unit will 

replace OCONUS an identical, 

paired unit which will be 

"disbanded." 

In other words, when thesesoldiers 

have been in the Army for one-half of 

their initial three-year enlistment. 

their company will deploy overseas 

for the remaining 18 months. 

The unit overseas being replaced 

will, in effect, be disbanded. Its first 

term soldiers will be either discharged or will re-enlist and be sent 

elsewhere. 

To simplify management of the 

OCONUS-CONUS rotation system, 

legislation is being drafted which, if 

enacted, will provide enlistments for 

a set number of years, plus IET time. 

For example, if a combat arms 

soldier spends three months in IET, 

then he will enlist for three yearsand 

three months. This will make possible equal CONUS and OCONUS tour 

lengths for the first term soldier. 

Cadre Assignments 

When an OCONUS unit is disbanded, cadre with family will stay 

OCONUS to complete a 36-month 

overseas tour. They probably will be 

assigned to a battalion or brigade 

staff, or they could be assigned to an 

incoming unit to fill a shortage. In 

some cases, cadre members could be 

assigned to the community or elsewhere in the theater. 

Unaccompanied cadre will return 

to CONUS after their unit is disbanded. These reassignment procedures will apply to both officer and 

NCO cadre. Under the regimental 

system, major personnel changes will 

occur only when a unit isestablished 

in CONUS or disbanded overseas. 

The turn around time (TAT) for a 

member of a regiment would not be 

under the usual TAT for MOS and 

grade by more than 12 months. An 

NCO with a TAT of 36 months, for 

example, could expect to remain in 

CONUS for at least 24 months after 

his return from overseas. The TAT 

for each MOS and grade will be published periodically by MILPERCEN. The career soldier can expect 

to serve in his regiment whenever 

serving the troops. This will provide 

leaders with a stronger sense of 

belonging to their unit. 

For the Engineers 

Differences between the engineers 

and other combat arms may require 

adjustments to the basic system, but 

the Corps of Engineers will beparticipants in the New Manning System. 

The Engineer School has proposed 

that engineer regiments consist of 

four-to-six like battalions. Each regiment will represent one of the three 

engineer enlisted career management fields (CMF) from one or more 

CONUS installations. 

That means there would becombat 
PROPOSED ENGINEER REGIMENTS 

REGIMENT (HOME) CONUS OCONUS 

1st EN REG1 19th EN BN (KNOX) 78th EN EN (FRG) 

(RILEY) (CBT1 1st EN BN (1 ID) D/1 EN BN (FWD) 

2nd EN REGT 13th EN EN (7 ID)(-) 2nd EN BN (2 ID) 

(LEWIS) (CBT) 15th EN BN (9 ID) 

326th EN BN (101 ABN) 65th EN EN (25 ID)(-) 

4th EN REGT 

(CARSON)ICBT) 

4th EN EN (4 ID) 

14th EN EN (ORD) 

299th EN BN (SILL)(-) 

12th EN BN (8 ID) 

54th EN BN (FRG) 

547th EN BN (FRGI 

5th EN REGT 5th EN BN (LEONARD WOOD) 9th EN BN (FRG) 

(LEONARDWOOD) (CBT) 20th EN BN (CAMPBELL) 82nd EN BN (FRG) 

6th EN REG1 39th EN BN (DEVENS) 317th EN BN (FRG) 

(STEWART) (CBT) 3rd EN EN (24 ID)I-) 10th EN EN (3 ID) 

7th EN REG1 7th EN BN (5 ID)[-) 16th EN BN (1 AD) 

(POLK) (CBT) 588th EN 8N (POLK) 237th EN BN (FRG) 

8th EN REGT 17th EN EN 12 AD)(-) 23rd EN 8N (3 AD) 

(HOOD)(CBT) 8th EN BN (1 CAV)'(-) 17/77 EN BN (FWD) 

29th EN REGT " 30th EN BN (BELVOIR) 29th EN BN (HAWAII) 

(BELVOIR)(TOPOI 63rd EN CO (BRAGG) 649th EN BN (FRG) 

524th EN CO (HOOD) 

46th EN REG1 

IBENNING) (CBT HVY) 

43rd Eh BN IBENNING, 

4611, Eh EN IRUCKER MCCLE--Ah 

34111 Eh BN (RILEY, 

79th EN BN (FRG) 

94th EN BN (FRG) 

47th EN REGT ' 11th EN BN (BELVOIR) 44th EN BN (ROK) 

(CARSON)(CET HVY) 52nd EN BN (CARSON/BLISS) 802nd EN BN (ROK) 

864th EN BN ILEWIS/PRESIDIO) 

84th EN REG1 ' 76th EN BN (MEADE/DRUMI 84th EN BN (HAWAII) 

(BRAGGI (CBT HVY) 548th EN BN (BRAGG/JACKSON) 

92nd EN REGT 92nd EN BN (STEWART/GORDON) 293rd EN BN [FRG)(-1 ISTEWART~ICRT HVVI 67"~FN RN tunnn! ?dqth FN RN !FRO\ 

307th EN REGT ' 

(BRAGG)IABN) 

* NON-ROTATING 

ABN PLT/509 (ITALY) 

(CMF 12), combat heavy (CMF 51) 

and topographic (CMF 81) engineer 

regiments. 

Combat regiments, for example, 

would consist of divisional, divisional 

(mechanized),corpsandairborne/air 

assault units. 

Regardless of regiment, engineer 

companies would rotate between 

identical battalions within their regiment. For instance, companies from 

the 4th Engineer Battalion at Fort 

Carson, Colo., would replace like 

companies in the 12th Engineer Battalion in Germany. The same type of 

rotation would take place between 

the 14th Engineer Battalion at Fort 

Ord, Calif., and the 54th Engineer 

Battalion in Germany (see chart). 

Enlisted specialties in an engineer 

company which are not the primary 

specialty of that company will 

require management different from 

the typical COHORT company. 

Instead of sending these "lowdensity" MOSS to the company as a 

package, soldiers of the appropriate 

specialties will be provided to the 

CONUS installation where the company is established. These soldiers 

then will he assigned to COHORT 

companies based on the organizational needs and the soldier's separation date. The separation date should 

match thedate on which the company 

will be disbanded overseas. 

In organizing regiments, a regimental adjutant will be designated as 

a liaison between the regiment and 

MILPERCEN. An honorary position 

of colonel of the regiment has been 

considered. The position would be 

held probably by a distinguished 

retiree and initially be confined to 

ceremonial activities. 

It is important to remember that 

the regimental headquarters will 

serve only as an administrative 

organization. Present tactical headquarters and commands will not he 

affected by the regimental system. 

CPTDana Bres ,isch%efof the Operations Systems Evaluations Branch 

at the Engineer School's Directorate of 

E,ngineer Force Management. He is a 

graduate of the University of Nevada 

(Reno)and served as a platoon leader 

and ba,ttalion maintenance officer in 

German,y n:ith the 12th Engineer Bn., 

8th Infmtry Div. 
he Army has a number of as- T s~gnments . requiring officers 

with advanced civil schooling (graduate education). These positions typically are at Department of the Army, 

major command and installation 

levels. 

Examples of engineer positions 

requiring graduate education are: 

Engineer School instructors, engineer district project engineers, 

installation directors of engineering 

and housing. or research coordinators at Army research stations. 

The requirements for these positions result in annual opportunities 

for some 500 to 600 officers Armywide to attend graduate school. 

Organizations can request positions be approved (validated) for an 

officer with graduate education 

through the Army Educational 

Requirements Board (AERB). The 

reauest and validation urocess is 

detailed in AR621-108, MGitarypprsonnel Requircments for Civilian 

Education. 

Officers interested in attending 

graduate school should tell their professional development officer. Typically, the officer must be branch 

qualified prior to being considered 

for -graduate school. Branch aualification means completina both the 

Engineer Officer ~dvaneed Course 

and a successful company command. 

Officers usually attend graduate 

school between their sixthand eighth 

year of service. 

As officers are sent to graduate 

school to fill specific AERB positions, 

the discipline studied must support 

Army requirements. In the Corps of 

Engineers, degrees which most 

closely match Engineer Branch (SC 

21 and 22) requirements are civil 

engineering, engineering administration, general engineeringandgeodetic science. These four disciplines 

constitute over 80 percentof all Engineer positions requested for AERB 

validation for 1982. MILPERCEN 

can provide additional information 

on other disciplines required by the 

Army. 

usually, an officer can attend 

graduate school under one of 

two programs: fully-funded or 

partially-funded. The fully-funded 

uropram . - orovides the officer a nermanent change of station move to the 

school, full pay and allowances, paid 

tuition and a textbook allowance. 

The partially-funded program is a 

degree completion program which 

allows the officer time to complete a 

degree already started. It is similar 

to the fully-funded program, but the 

officer must vav ." for all school related 

expenses (many officersuseveteran's 

benefits). 

Two other programs offer graduate school opportunities for certain 

officers. The Scientific and Engineering Graduate Schooling for Distinguished Military Graduates 

Program provides graduate training 

in the physical sciences for a small 

number of ROTC graduates. The 

Officer Graduate Training for Top 

Five Percent Cadets (USMA and 

ROTC) Program allows outstanding 

Regular Army graduates of West 

Point and ROTC to attend graduate 

school. Further information on these 

graduate school programs is available in AR621-1, TrainingofMilitnry 

Persorrnel at Civilian Inntitfctions. 

Career management officers at MILPERCEN can also provide guidance 

on specific programs. 

Normally after graduate schooling, the officer serves an AERB utilization assignment. Further 

assignments to use graduate skills 

and training usually follow throughout the officer's career. 

CPT Dana Bres is chief of the Operations S!ystems Evaluation Branch at 

the Engineer School's Directorate gf 

Engineer Force Management. He is a 

gradzcate qf the Unii~ersity of Neeada 

(Reno) and served as a platoon leader 

and battalion maintenance officer in 

Gernzuny with the 12th Efl.gineer Bn., -" . -. Kt11 InJunlry Uzv 
NEW MIX 

DESIGN 

by CPT Allen C. Estes 

The M919 concrete mobile has vastly 

improved Army engineers' ability to place 

large volumes of concrete. Produced by 

the Barber-Greene Co., the concrete mobile 

carries its components in separate compartments and mixes the concrete at the 

job site. The truck can be stopped at any 

time and the materials stored indefinitely. 

This is a distinct advantage over most 

ready-mix trucks which have a set time in 

which concrete must be deposited before it 

hardens. 

The concrete mobile's capacity is eight 

cubic yards, roughly equal to a civilian 

ready-mix truck, and far superior to the 16 

cubic foot trailer-mounted mixer it replaces. 

This article proposes a revised procedure 

for computing concrete mobile dial 

settings. The new procedure eliminates 

several deficiencies in the existing method 

and permits better control over the aggregate proportioning and water-cement ratio 

while mixing concrete. 
-- 

- 

--

INGREDIENTS PROPORllONlNG CONTROL DATA WORK SWEET 0<..... .-..", p~


SAND DIAL ILlllYG ~ 

-- T""ll"d I,,, , L , 1'Ti"lY"d 

,.,. . -U",, . . modu,", 

,l l b ILi - 9.9 miurnS"d BASIC REQUIRED INFORMATION v1-3 mod"#", 

INORSDITY.$ DLTI YlX DEIIO* 0.71 $72' ILi -,I c-rw Y"d 

11,wionr OF i**oiru (,I- tc, ro*ceen rras~cm 77OI Sand--

,,n-,, rnavlvl 

IBI WEOHTOFITOME it" '(1- iDI POYNDIOFIINoiru "d~ 

,L, rNFNESIMOOYLUl SAND 1s1 POUYDI OF 9TONL lk" "a I- ...... <SI POY*DI OP CEMENT <<" 

"e",cLE DATA (Gl WGSOr CEMENT IT" "d I 

,-


I., CTMINTMETEP COUNT I", CALLWIOF WATER ti" "d IFLowMErEx REA0,"G 

,r,." K , - I",- - ,"I-

,o,~.!!k-...,72=,,", >m .,.-.~,... *,".,.~-.,*".,-.".",,mt,>M,,"..~m,*.,~-v,-,,,"~--%~-,"," ,-.-.,- ""* *,~,",",,". ~,,.*,*,-,",".dx.,.."6,.a<,b.b,L,m,.~,~. 

/ " , ,MI- ~ = ,M,- co, 

= ,XJ-

,N,- - -

a <A, . , . = IWJ-
("1-


I, + , Q ) I . I X , = ,Sl-

- ,,OMS D,AL SST,,NG 

,I, ,TI 

- (3,- = I:. = ,ll-

,11_. ._. ,SJ 0 ".w<.-tq" ..,--,-, ,,.-,~."".,,".~.*%~".". .,,*. .s,-,,,..,* ","m,.-,b" *.+,-,,,..,"",,~,*.,*,.* .,,-".,,-,~ .~e.-.e~-.~,.-.,-,-o,.,,. ,".*".. Mn.,"*w~,.,.a,,m ,.-,.-o,.,#-.v ..,..,~,,-.,",s,~"~,,<",-p,*,~<,,,..- ",.,, ...-- ,,-,,,-.-.." ..-.-- -", --",*-c m,=,.,..,e,,~m. ","@ . 

Figure I. Suggested replacement for the work sheet in the operator's manual. 

Theory 

To produce quality concrete with 

sufficient workability, strength and 

durability, a mix design must specify 

theexact amounts of cement, water, 

aggregate and air to be added. (See 

the ENGINEER Problem, page 15.) 

The concrete mobile can proportion its materials according to a 

standard dry aggregate mix design. 

The cement flow is calibrated at the 

factory and cannot be adjusted. A 

rotary feed wheel in the cement bin 

dispenses cement onto a conveyor 

belt and records the discharged 

amount on a cement meter at the 

rear of the truck. The remaining 

components are adjusted based on 

the constant flow of cement and the 

desired mix design. 

Old Procedure PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF MOISTURE ADDED The current procedure for calibrating the water flow rate, sand FINENESS MODULUS Fineness Modulus 2.6 

and stone dial settings, and air 

entraining admixture rates is a 2.30 - 2.59 Fine Sand Moisture Content 4% simple, step-by-step procedure found 

in the operator's manual (Figure 1). 2.60 - 2.89 Medium Sand 

Thecurrent procedure, however, does 
 2.90 - 3.10 Coarse Sand BULKING FACTOR 27%

not consider the fact that wet sand Figure 2. Bulking factor curue. 

experiences a 20 to 40 percent 

increase in volume, depending on 

the type of sand and percentage of 

moisture present. When moisture is 

alreadv" nresent on the sand. the & 

water added to the mix must be 

reduced. 

The old procedure only allows for 

moisture contents of 0and 5 percent 

while simple field procedures such 

as the squeeze test can accurately 

identify moisture contents to within 

1 to 2 percent. (The squeeze test is 

squeezing a handful of sand and 

noting the results. Damp sand (0-2 

percent free surface moisture (FSM) 

will break apart; wet sand (3-4 

percent FSM) will form a ball; and 

very wet sand (5-8percent FSM) will 

glisten and leave your hand wet.) 

New Procedure 

Realizing these deficiencies, the 

Structures and Utilities Branch at 

the Engineer School devised a new 

dial setting calculation procedure. It 

retains the simplicity of the old 

method, hut includes the bulking of 

sand and allows any possible 

moisture content to be used. 

In the new procedure the water 

setting is determined before the 

sand/stone calculations and must 

be calculated only once. The same 

graphs are used for the sand and 

stone dial settings as in the old 

procedure. 

EXAMPLE PROBLEM 

Using the ENGINEER Solution 

on page 27, the following example 

will calculate the water, sand and 

stone settings needed to obtain the 

desired results. By using letters to 

identify the basic information, the 

settings can be determined without 

under-standing the theory behind 

them. The basic information will be 

taken from the dry aggregate mix 

design. 

BASIC INFORMATION 

(A) Bulk Unit Weight Sand 110 #/CF 

(B) Bulk Unit Weight Stone 105 #/CF 

(C) Fineness of Modulus Sand 2.6 


ID) Pounds of Sand (cuyd) 109211 


(El Pounds of Stone(cu yd) 195611 


(F) Pounds of Cement (cu yd) 682# 


(GI Bags of Cement (cu yd) 7.2 sacks 


(HI Gallons of Water 36 Gal. 


(I) Cement Meter Count 69 


(Jl Cement Discharge Time 28 Sec. 


(K) % Moisture on Sand 4% 


CEMENT METER COUNT 

69 	 7.2 497 

lJ) cement meter (GI bags of cement meter count 


count per cu yd far one cu yd 


WATER SETTING 

7.2 	 28 202 

(" bags of cement (K) cement discharge = ('I seconds per 


per cu yd time cu yd 


202 	 sec 3.4 

seconds per cu yd x 60 	 min =") minutes per 

cu yd 

1092 	 .04 gal 5.2 

pounds of sand % moisture x.12 -Ib gallons H20 

in sand 

36 	 5.2 30.8 

'I 	 gallons per -IM' gallons in gallons to 


cu yd sand be added 


30.8 3.4 	 9.1 

iR) 	 gallons ro minutes per =IY) watersetting 


be added cu yd 


SAND SETTING 

Refer to bulking factor curve (Figure 2). Project straight up from figure representingill 

moisture content to where the line crossesthecurvefor thecorrect typesand. Project a 

line straight to the left hand scale and read the bulking factor (0). 

.27 ' 	bu~k~ngfactor 

1092 110 9.9 

pounds of sand unit weight =IU) saturated surface 

of sand dry volume of sand 

.27 9.9 


+(') bulking factor '(") saturated surface 


dry volume of sand 


12.6 

=(P) wet volume of sand 

497 	 12.6 39.4

IT) cement meter wet volume 
 -1s) 	- count of sand 


Read sand dial setting from the sand curve (Figure 3) entering with your valuefor(S). 

Sand dial setting is 3.9. 

STONE SETTING 

1956 _(B) 105 18.6 

pounds of bulk unit =IV) volume of stone 

stone wgt of stone 

497 18.6 26.7 


IT) cement meter ('I volume of =(R) -
 count stone 


Readstonedialsetting from stonecurveentering with your valuefar(R). (See Figure4.l 

Stone dial setting is 6.8. 

Bvsettina the sand dial to 3.9. the stone dial to 6.8. the water meter to 9.1 clDm -. and 

letting the Eement meter run until it reads 497, you should produce one cubic yard of 

concrete that meets the absolute volume mix design specifications. 
FOR STANDARD CONCRITI-MOIILLI 

MIX SETTINGS GRAPH 


USE FOR A.S.T.M. STANDARD SAND 

USE FOR 114" AND SMALLER CRUSHED STONE 

USE FOR 316 AND SMALLER GRAVEL 

PROCEDURE1. On horizontal coordinoles lbottom of chortl 

find "S" or rolcvlated for Sand Dial Satling. 

2. From this polnf, project up until line interredl 

the curve. 

3. F~~~ this rnlerrection, project lo lch. 

I. ueod SAND DIAL SETTING Irerli~al coordi5 e RECOMMENDED SmlND DO NOT USE FOR MAGNUM UNITS 

RANOE 

I 'S' FROM SAND DIAL S~~NG 80 90 CALCULATIONS I 

! 

Figure 3. Sand dial graph 

MIX SETTINGS GRAPH 

USE FOR 518" UP 10 1" CRUSHED STONE 

PROCEDURE1. On horizontal coordinot.% Ibottom of chorfl 

3. From this intsns~tion, pmiect 10 Ieh. 

4. 	Read CRUSHED STONE DIAL SETTING lverticol 

DO NOT USE FOR MAONUM UNITS 

'St FROM CRUSHED STONE DIAL SETTING CALCULATIONS 

za.7 i 

If the bulk unitweight of sandor stone 

is unknown, a reasonable assumption 

islOO#/ft*. If the fineness modulus of 

thesand isunknown. assume2.7.The 

cement meter count and cement 

discharge time are different for each 

vehicle and can be found on the data 

plate. The cement meter count is the 

count on thecement meter requiredto 

discharge one cubic foot of cement 

into a mix. The cement discharge time 

is the number of seconds required to 

discharge one cubic foot of cement 

intoa mix.The percentageof moisture 

may be determined by the squeeze 

test. 

Hints 

If something appears wrong with 

the mixture, several items should be 

checked. Continually monitor the 

moisture content on the sand. A 

sand pile that appears dry on the 

outside may be very wet inside and 

must be adjusted. Watch for sand 

bridging in the aggregate bin 

(normally eliminated by the bin's 

vibrating shaker system). 

Also ensure the mixingchute angle 

is at least 15'to allow a minimum25 

second mixing time. Check the 

mixing anger blades for excessive 

wear. Examine aggregate and 

cement bins to make sure they are 

filled. 

The concrete mobile is a versatile, 

practical addition to the engineer 

inventory. A cubic yard of concrete 

can he produced in three to four 

minutes. The dial calculation 

procedure is simple and accurate. It 

is important that operators and 

supervisors use the mix design 

procedure rather than a trial and 

error method. 

CPTAllen C. Estes is an instructor 

in the Engineer School's Structures 

and Utilities Branch. A graduate of 

the U.S. Military Academy, he has 

served as a project officer in the 

249th Engineer Bn. (Heauy) and 

was the civil engineer for the 18th 

Engineer Bde. He is a registered 

professional engineer in Virginia. 

Figure 4. Stone dial graph. 
Engineers from Delta Co., 52nd Engineer Bn., load their 25-ton crane onto a C5A Galaxy. (Eric Mogren photos) 

by CPT Eric Mogren 

he goal: Train D Company, 52nd T . Engineers, in. the techniques 

and procedures of combat loading 

aircraft. 

Company objectives were to validate unit loading plans; identify 

problems with loading specific pieces 

of equipment; verify the time needed 

to mark, weigh and inspect equipment before loading; and to train 

crews how to secure vehicles inside 

aircraft. The C5A aircraft was used 

for loading large equipment and the 

C141B was used for the wheeledvehicles and trailers. 

First Things First 

As with any operation, the keys to 

success were detailed planning, 

organization and coordination. 

Few of D Company's personnel had 

participated in an airloading exercise before. It was therefore necessary to train not only the troops, but 

also the officers and NCOsregarding 

maintenance and vehicle cleanliness 

requirements, properly loading tools 

and equipment onto vehicles, weighing and marking equipment, and 

moving vehicles onto the aircraft and 

securing them. It was also necessary 

to ensure that the airloading plans 

(MAC Forms 559, 749, and 551) and 

hazardous material forms (DD Form 

1387-2) were properly completed 

before they were given to the airlift 

control element (ALCE). 

This pre-exercise training was 

held in the motor pool and classroom, 

then rehearsed at a C5A mock-up at 

Biggs Field near Fort Bliss. At 

Biggs, each aspect of airloading was 

simulated. Tie-down crews were 

organized and taught how to secure 

equipment to the aircraft floor.Vehicles loads were checked to see that 

they would not shift. An inspection 

point was set up and manned by unit 

mechanics who made sure that vehicle met ALCE maintenance requirements. Where necessary, exhaust 

stacks were removed from trucks 

and equipment. All vehicles to be 

loaded were divided in the marshalling area by chalk (plane-load 

sequence). 

The rehearsal proved extremely 

valuable. Using the mock-up and the 

detailed planning went a long way 

toward informing people about what 

to expect during the actual loading. 

Who Are Those Guys? 

A few words about the ALCE. It is 

the coordinating agent between the 

unit being loaded and the Air Force 

flight crew. The ALCE ensures that 

Take into account the weight of the 

shoring when planning each chalk. 

Shoring for heavy equipment can 

weigh up to 2,000 pounds. 
- - 

Once the ALCE completed their 

inspection, the vehicles were moved 

onto the runway for loading. The 

AIR FA^ FLOOR

in Pn, > --.- --^rM , U \ Y', ,

. 

' 

AlRym FLOOR 

- - ~ LOAD

RAMP 

STACKED PIECES OF 

WOODEN SHORING MATERIAL 

The MT250 crane could not negotiate the sharp angle 

formed by the loading ramp and runway. Theproblem was 

solued by piling up pieces of an old timber-trestle bridge set. 

loadina was supervised by the aircraft flight crew's loadmaster. 

Shoring Requirements 

Besides properly restraining 

equipment inside the aircraft, protecting the aircraft floor was of particular concern. Without protective 

measures, heavy construction equipment will damage aircraft floor 

decking. In this case, wooden boards, 

planks and sheets from an old 

timber-trestle bridge set were puton 

the floor as a protective measure. (It 

is the responsibility of the unit being 

moved to provide such protective 

materials.) 

To load the dozer, shoring had tobe 

placed from theendof the load ramps 

to where the vehicle would be tied 

down. All equipment with metal 

blades (dozers, road graders, and 

M830 scrapers) needed three inches 

of shoring to preventthecuttingedge 

of the blades from resting directly on 

the aircraft floor. The biggest shoring challenge, however, involved the 

25-ton crane. 

The MT250 crane, due to its length. 

could not negotiate the sharp angle 

formed between the runway and the 

ramp (see diagram). The angle was 

reduced by piling up shoring material between the ramp and the 

pavement. 

all vehicles and equipment meet Air 

Force regulations for air transport. 

During loading operations, the 

unit being moved may deal with 

numerous flightcrews, butonly with 

one ALCE. It is important to establish early rapport with ALCE personnel and to understand their 

requirements. Coordination with the 

ALCE should bemadeat leasta week 

prior to loading. 

The Real Thing 

The actual loading exercise began 

with each vehicle being weighed and 

marked to show itscenter of balance, 

height, and gross weight. The vehicles then were moved to a holding 

area near the runway where they 

were inspected stringently by ALCE 

personnel for oil leaks, dirt, caked 

mud or other debris that might fall 

off during the flight. To check fuel 

levels, inspectors opened each tank 

and physically checked the level: 

simply reading the gauge level was 

not acceptable. Fuel tanks could he 

no more than one-half full (or onequarter full if the vehicle was to be 

positioned on the ramp). 

Next, loading plans and hazardous 

material forms were turned in and 

vehicle weights and measurements 

were spot-checked. To meet height 

restrictions, exhaust stacks were 

removed from the M92Otractors, and 

the cab was removed from thebucket 

loader. Any vehicle not meeting 

ALCE standards was not permitted 

on the aircraft until all deficiencies 

were corrected. 

A trailer is pushed onto a C5A mock-up during rehearsal. Loading 

trailers using a truck with a tow pintle mounted on the front saved time. 
Loading Times 

Loading the first chalk onto the 

C5A took over two hours, largely 

because the Air Force loadmaster 

explained each step to ensure everything was done properly. A detailed 

critique on securing each piece of 

equipment was also provided. Succeeding chalks were loaded each in 

45 minutes. 

Ideally, all equipment should he 

loaded so that it can be driven 

straight off the aircraft. It is important to note that although the C5A is 

designed for loading from front to 

rear, much of the heavy construction 

equipment on low-bed trailers was 

too tall to fit through the rear 

entrance. The height of theC5A'sforward loading door is 162 inches; the 

height of the rear door is only 154 

inches. 

Consequently. D Company backed 

all of the equipment onto the plane 

through the front entrance. 

Obviously, chalks loaded entirely by 

driving straight on through the rear 

entrance could be loaded more 

quickly. 

The first loading of the C141B, as 

with the C5A. took about two hours. 

Subsequent loads were much faster. 

ow ever, one aspect of loadlug the 

C141B differed from the C5A. 

The C141B is eaui~ned . .. wlth a 

winch to pull trailers onto the aircraft. Using the winch is more time 

consuming than pushing trailers 

aboard with a truck, hut it provides 

an alternative in case no push vehicles are available. 

Final Notes 

The innovation that did most to 

streamline loading procedures was 

mounting a tour pintle on the front 

bumper of a 2%-ton truck so that the 

small trailers could be pushed onto 

the plane. This was much easier for 

drivers who otherwise would have 

had to back the trailers into the 

aircraft. 

Another "lesson learned" was 

regarding weighing vehicles. Air 

Force regulations require that every 

vehicle be weighed and measured 

before loading. This was initially 

interpreted as meaning the weight 

should be recorded immediately 

prior to loading. In fact, this is 

neither necessary nor desirable. (The 

Air Force has small portable scales 

for this purpose, but they are too 

small for heavy equipment.) 

Delta Company vehicles were 

weighed at a permanent weight station at Fort Bliss. Weighing and 

marking vehicles is an exacting and 

time-consuming process. If vehicles 

are weighed and marked just before 

being loaded and if anything should 

I 

training. In fact, a major factor in the 

success of the training was the positive attitude and motivation of the 

individual soldier. 

The company later was able to test 

its new knowledge. An EDRE (emergency deployment readiness exercise) was held with two platoons 

Eourpment is secured lnszde the C5A under Arr Force superursrun 

go wrong, the entire exercise will he 

delayed. Weighing operations should 

be completed no later than the day 

before the loading operation. 

As noted earlier, an old timhertrestle bridge set was used for shoring material. The weight of the 

shoring must he taken into account 

when planning each chalk. Shoring 

for heavy equipment, for example, 

can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds. 

Each time a unit conductsairloading training, there will be some 

untrained people involved, and this 

will probably cause some early 

delays. Delta Company now plans at 

least one and one-half hours to load 

the first chalk with subsequent 

chalks being loaded and tied down in 

45 minutes for the C5A and within30 

minutes for the C141B. 

The static airloading training provided valuable data for contingency 

planning. Every man in thecompany 

responded enthusiastically to the 

deploying with equipment to Fort 

Leonard Wood, Mo., fora weekof tactical bridge training. It was asmooth 

and efficient fly-away due largely to 

the airloading training. 

Every comhat engineer unit has an 

inherent mission to he able to deploy 

rapidly and efficiently. Static airloading training like D Company 

conducted helps to provide the skill, 

confidence and teamwork necessary 

to effectively carry out an air movement operation. 

CPT Eric Mogren commanded D 

Go., 52nd Bn. (Cht) (Hvy) during the 

airloading trnining. D Co. is 

assigned to the 70th Ordnance Bn.. Ft. 

Bliss, Texas. CPT Mogren is now 

%*orking toward o master's degree in 

civil engineering at MP University of 

Texas, Austin. He served previously 

u~iththe U.S. Army Sergeants Major 

Academy, Ft.Bliss, and urith the 12th 

Engineer Bn., 8th Infantry Diz:. 

4 
Haul mines and demolitions with an 

Amtiarmor 


Traiiler 

by LTC Wayne J. Scholl, CPT Byron E. Short Jr., 

1LT Thomas E. Peck & Mr. Greg Willis 

Combat engineers must be capable of deploying to a theater of 

operations or contingency area and 

arrive ready to perform their mission. In most scenarios, this mission 

initially involves countermobility 

operations. 

A trip to an ammunition supply 

point is impossible in many contingency areas, so a basicload of demolitions and mines must accompany the 

deployed unit. 

Regardless of the source of class V 

materiel, it must be quickly hauled 

forward, along with soldiers, equipment sets and individual gear. Combat engineer units in Europe and 

Korea have for years assembled 

trailer loads of demolitions to execute 

their initial combat missions. These 

so cal1ed"antiarmor trailers"area1so 

a way for CONUS units to quickly 

and inexpensively load for combat. 

Trailer Development 

The M796 bolster trailer easily can 

be modified to serve as an antiarmor 

trailer capable of hauling 3.5 tons of 

materiel. With the modified trailers, 

a combat engineer battalion can 

deploy with and haul 100 tons of 

materiel for obstacles-a critical 

combat multiplier, especially for 

antiarmor operations. 

Charlie Company, 65th Engineer 

Battalion (Combat), 25th Infantry 

Division, developed the prototype of 

The M796 Bolster trailer easily can 

be converted to an "antiarmor 

trailer." Two soldiers can complete 

the modification in five minutes. 
the rugged, inexpensive, and locally 

fabricated bolster trailer modification. The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center and School (USADACS), 

as tasked by the Military Traffic 

Management Command Transportation Agency, put the prototype trailer 

through demanding performance 

tests to be sure the trailer metspecifications for ground, water, and air 

transportation. 

The Air Force had the toughest 

design criteria. Air Force specifications required that the trailer accommodate a force resulting from three 

times the acceleration of gravity in 

the forward and aft directions, two 

times in the vertical direction and 

one and one half times in the lateral 

directions. Although that alone was a 

tough design criteria, the 65th Engineers also required that the trailer 

modification be locally fabricated, be 

easily maintained and be easily 

reconverted to its original condition. 

The trailer passed every test by a 

wide margin and has shown potential 

for Army-wide use. Meanwhile, a 

more efficient design was developed 

Absolute Volume Method 

1 1 

by USADACS which reduced the 

material requirement, eliminated 

the need to meld brackets to the 

trailer and made it easier to build. 

The redesigned trailer was then 

field-tested during the Team Spirit 

85 deployment to Korea. The result is 

a final design that is fully-tested on 

the performance course and in the 

field, and is certified for air, sea, and 

land transport. 

Construction Details 

Building the components to modify 

a bolster trailer costs only $200 and 

includes plywood, 2x4s and 4x4s. 

About 24 man-hours of construction 

time are required. All materials can 

be precut and then constructed in six 

sections. 

To modify a bolster trailer, the 

floor is set in place first. Front and 

rear interchangeable bulkheads fit 

into existing channels in the bolster 

trailer, thus transferring the shear 

force to the trailer. After loading by 

hand or forklift, the interchangeable 

side walls are inserted, thenthecover 

positioned. Two soldiers can comENGINEER SOLUTION 

plete the modification in five minutes 

since each component weighs 165 

pounds or less. Nylon tie-down straps 

carry the momentum forces to the 

shackles. 

The approved construction drawings, including a bill of materials are 

available from: Director. U.S. Army 

Defense Ammunition Center and 

School, ATTN: SARAC-DE (Mr. 

Greg Willis). Savanna. IL 61704 or 

contact the Director of Combat 

Developments, U.S. Army Engineer 

School, Fort Belvoir. VA 22060. 

The antiarmor trailer conversion 

to the bolster trailer cansignificantly 

improve the countermobility potential of CONUS-based combat engineer battalions. 

LTC Wayne J. SrhoLL is commandry 0.f the fi5th Engineer Rn. 

(Cbt), 25th Infant~y Div. Cpt BTlron E. 

Short Jr.. commands C Co., 65th 

Engineers anti ILT Thomas E. Peck 

is C Co. XO. Mr. Greg Willia is with 

the E7:oluations D%?~ision. U.S. Army 

Defense A?nmunitio~t, Center and 

School, Savanna, Ill. 

Sand: 27CF - 20.52CF = 6.48 CF 


Wgt sand = 6.48 CF (2.7) (62.4#/cf) = 1092#
 Cement = -(water) = -(300 lbs) = 681.8 ibs 

w/c .44 Adjusted Wgt sand = 1.02(1092#) = 1114U 

Gravel (from chart) = .69 Adjusted Mix Water = 1092U(.02) = 22# 

Wgt gravel = .69 (27 cf/c~) (BUW gravel) 

Cement: = .69(27)(105) = 195 lbs Water: 

wgt ol material Sand: 

Absolute Volume = Gravel: 

specific gravity (62.4) 

30011 - 22U=278# 

682 lbs or 7.2 sacks 

278 lbs or 33 gallons 

1114 lbs 

$956 lbs 

Volume of Coarse Aggregate 

Cement: 300U =3.47 CF 

Per Unit of Volume of Concrete 

1 (62.4#/cf) Volume of dry-rodded coarse aggreate 

Water: 30W = 4.81 CF Maximum sire 

1(62.4#/cf) of aggregale, 

in. 

1956U Gravel: = 11.83 CF W 

2.65(62.4U/cf) '/2 

?A 

Air: .015(27 cf) = -

.41 CF 1 

1% 20.52 CF 2 


3 


6 


per unit volume of concrete for 

diilerent fineness moduli of rand 

2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 

0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 

0.59 0.57 0.55 0.53 

0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 

0.71 0.69 0.67 0.65 

0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69 

0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 

0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76 

0.87 0.85 0.83 0.87 
E~areerNotes 


Commissioned Officer Branch 

SC 21 Restructure Update: 	 As announced in the last issue of ENGINEER, restructuringspecialty code 

(SC) 21 (Combat Engineer) for commissioned officers has been approved. 

The new SC 21 (Combat Engineer) encompasses positions involved with 

battlefield mobility, countermobility, survivability, and generalengineering. 

New SC 23 (Facilities/Contract Construction Management Engineer) 

includes positions associated with Army facilities and housing support, the 

civil works program, and military construction programsfor both the Army 

and the Air Force. SC 22 (Topographic Engineer) is not affected by these 

changes. 

MILPERCEN is reviewing the records of all SC 21 officers to identify those 

qualified for the new SC 21 and SC 23. Experience, educationand trainingare 

the factors determining reclassification. 

Officers with SC 21 (Engineer) as their initial specialty generally will 

retain SC 21 (Combat Engineer). About 60percentof thesenew SC 21 officers 

will be assigned SC 23asanadditionalspecialty. Officers whonow have SC 21 

as their additional specialty usually will he reclassified as SC 23. About 30 

percent of the SC 23 population will be officers from non-Engineer branches. 

From January to March 1984. MILPERCEN will send a letter concerning 

the reclassification process to all dual-specialty officers who have SC 21 

(Engineer) as one of their specialties. The letter will explain the reclassification plan and give each officer the opportunity toexpress his reclassification 

preferences. 

Engineer officers without a second specialty as of January 1984 will not 

receive a reclassification letter. Instead, their initial specialty will be administratively converted to the new SC 21 (Combat Engineer). Sincethis conversion will be automatic, it will not be necessary for these officers to contact 

MILPERCEN. Designation of additional specialties (including SC 23) for 

these officers will be accomplished under established additional specialty 

procedures. 

All reclassification actions will be done between April and September 1984. 

Branch Visits: 	 Engineer Branch makes trips to installations and engineer activities worldwide. The visits give branch personnel an opportunity to provide up-to-date 

information about the Officer Personnel Management System (OPMS), and 

give engineer officers the chance to talk face-to-face with their assignment 

officer. 

Some of these trips are scheduled and funded by MILPERCEN, but many 

visits are requested and funded by units in the field. Requestsfor an Engineer 

Branch visit should be sent to: U.S. Army Military Personnel Center, ATTN: 

DAPC-OPF-E (Branch Chief). 200 Stovall St., Alexandria, VA 22332. Preliminary telephonic inquiries are welcome. Funding for travel, lodging and per 

diem must be provided by the requesting activity. 

During the visit, branch personnel will provide a comprehensive briefing 

on the OPMS and have an Official Record Brief and microfiche Officer 

Military Personnel File (OMPF) for each officer in the activity. 

During the individual interview (15 to 20 minutes), the assignment officer 

will discuss promotions, personnel actions, military and civilian schooling. 

career needs and reassignment. It is also an opportunity to update the OMPF 

and branch file. 
Warrant Officer Branch 

W02 Eligibility: 	 E7s and above are now eligible to apply for direct appointment to W02. (No 

time-in-grade requirements apply.) However, MILPERCEN emphasizes 

that those selected for appointment to W02 will incur a six-year obligation. 

Implementation instructions will soon be released to the field. For more 

information, call CW4 Ed Cole, (202) 325-783917840. AV 221. 

NCO & Enlisted Branch 

Enlisted AS1 Management: 	 With the publication of Change 19, AR 611-201, the Army now has 152 

authorized additional skill identifiers (ASIs) which can be associated with 115 

different MOSS. This represents an increase of 37 ASIs since the Enlisted 

Personnel Management System began in 1973. 

Additional skill identifiers have increased importance when they identify 

soldiers and positions associated with force modernization. Toensure that the 

Army receives maximum benefit from its trained personnel, commanders 

and personnel managers must follow the criteria in AR 600-200; see AR 

614-200 for requisitioning guidance. 

The requirements for using ASI-qualified soldiers are: (1)soldiers must be 

employed immediately after AS1 training. Duration of the assignment must 

conform to paragraph 4-6, AR 614-200: (2)ASI-qualifiedsoldiersareimproperly used if they are not assigned to a meet arequirementforwhich they were 

requisitioned: (3) soldiers with more than one AS1 should be used in the 

requisitioned ASI: (4) soldiers with an AS1 and not assigned against an AS1 

requisition should be in an AS1 position if an authorized vacancy exists; and 

(5) should a unit be assigned more ASI-qualified soldiers than authorized, all 

authorized positions should be filled with ASI-qualified soldiers. 

For more information about enlisted AS1 management, call MILPERCEN, 

(202) 325-8090, AV 221. 

ASSIGNMENT CONTACTS 

Commissioned Officers: Branch Chief ..................................... LTC Peter G. O'Neill 

(202) 325-7504/5/6, AV 221 Lieutenant Colonels ................................ MAJ John Basilotto 

Majors.. ............................................... MAJ Steve Rust 

Captains.. ...........................................CPT(P) Tim Wood 

Lieutenants ............................................ CPT Bo Temple 

SC 49 Assignments .............................. MAJ Dennis Cochrane 

Professional Development ............................ CPT Philip Jones 

Warrant Officers: Assignment Officer 	 CW4 Edward Cole 

(202) 325-7839/7840, AV 221 

Branch Chief ......................................... LTC Liston Edge 


NCO &Enlisted: Branch Sergeant Major.. ........................... SGM John Peterson 


(202) 325-7710, AV 221 	 CMF 81, MOS 122 (E8s) ..............................MSG James Blair 


CMF 12 ..........................................SFC Richard Markle 


Professional Development. .........................SSG Gary McAllister 

THE 


MECHANIZED 


COMBAT ENGINEER 


CHAR