UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

JAN12 2011

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION

MEMORANDUM

Jihad Alsadek, Economist

Science Information and Analysis Branch

BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Fludioxonil

(PC code: 07 1503)

Tara Chandgoyal, Plant Pathologist Iii<A /iA.wdkcblaf2.- Biological Analysis Branch :""' Yf} (1,

J.)..J Ac A~';

FROM:

SUBJECT:

TURU:

Michelle Ranville, Economist . 1/1 1 Inf)

Economic Analysis Branch U J"

Biological and Division (7503P)

ArnetJones,Chief I ;~-IH - Biological Analysis """-

Diann Sims, Chief /n v-:J

Science Information and Analysis Branch

Timo thy Kiely, Chie f t'1-V"\.~ Economic Analysis Branch""Jj

Biological and Economic Analysis Divisi o 7503P)

TO: Carissa Cryan, Chemical Review Manager

Risk Management and Impl ementation Branch I

Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P)

PEER REVIEW DATE: DECEMBER 15, 2010

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this document is to convey usage information and a broad overview of the pest

management roles of pesticides that are beginning registration review. The intended audience for

this document is the OPP registration review team and the general public. This document builds

upon the data already provided in the "Usage and Label Use Data Packages" that are also

I
provided to Registration Review teams by the Biological and Economic Analysis Division

(BEAD).

Based on modes of action offungicides Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) has

classified fludioxonil into group 12 (FRAC, 2010). This is a non-systemic fungicide that inhibits

mycelial growth of fungi possibly by inhibition of transport-associated phosphorylation of

glucose. This fungicide is mainly used for seed treatment and foliar application against many

plant pathogenic fungi (such as Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Telletia, Helmlntosporium. Botrytis.

Montltnia. and Alternaria ),

USE SITES

Agricultural Use Sites

Fludioxonil is used on various berry crops (such as strawberry, caneberry, blueberry,

blackberry), citrus (lemon, lime, oranges, tangelo, mandarins, tangerine), pome fruits (apples,

pears), stone fruits (cherry, nectarine, peach, plums, prunes), pomegranates, litchi, herbs and

spices (anise, basil, catnip, cinnamon, cilantro, fennel, dill, ginger, nutmeg, black pepper,

rosemary), cucurbits (melon, cantaloupes, honeydew, muskmelon , pumpkin, cucumber, squash,

gourds), Eggplant, tomato, leafy vegetables (celery, lettuce, spinach), brassica leafy vegetables

(broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, mustard green), tuberous and conn vegetables (potato,

radish, yams), bulb vegetables (onions), beans (soybean, black-eyed, chickpea, kidney, pinto,

navy, lima, snap, green, string), corn, ornamentals (begonia, caladium, camation, dahlias, daisies,

pansies, poinsettia, petunia, salvia, sunflower, tulip, zinnia).

Non-Agricultural Use Sites

Tarpaulins, carpets, drapes, wood structures, irrigation supply systems, irrigation systems,

irrigation supply systems (water treatment), recreational areas (foliar treatment), parks (foliar

treatment), athletic fields (foliar treatment), pepper processing plants (indoor edible),

commercial/institutional/industrial areas (outdoor), adhesives, caulking compounds, adhesives

(synthetic), wallboard joint compound, latex caulks, sealants (acrylic/pva), sealants, coatings

(preservative incorporation), coatings, paper/paperboard, plastics (pvc), plastic products

(manufacturing additive), shower curtains, polyurethane, rubber, emulsions (unspecified), air

filter materials, textiles, fibers, cordage (preservative/additive), awnings, canvas, cordage,

fabrics, tents, textiles, textiles (fiber filling), boat covers, paints (oil), stain (preservative

incorporation), paints {water-based), carpets (hospital, commercial, household), filters (air/air

conditioner/furnace/air ducts), aerial application, low volume application (all or unspecified),

hard nonporous surface, ceilings, wood surfaces.

COM MON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METH ODS

Fludioxonil is formulated as emulsifiable concentrate, water dispersible granules, ready to use

solution and pressurized liquid.

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USAGE

Agricultural

Fludioxonil was registered in 1996. Based on private market pesticide usage data, the annual

total agricultural usage averaged 13,000 pounds active ingredient (A. I.) for approximately 5

million acres (GfK Kynetec, 1998-2008). The largest uses of fludioxonil, in terms of pounds

A.I., are mainly on soybeans, strawberries, and caneberries.

From 1998-2008, the largest markets in terms oftotal pounds of active ingredient applied were:

soybeans (42%), strawberrie s (37%), and caneberries (10%). In terms ofthe acres treated;

soybeans (82%), cotton (17%), and strawberries (1%). (GIK Kynetec, 1998-2008).

For the same time period, the states with the most agricultural usage in terms of Pounds Al

applied were: Iowa (11%), Minnesota and Arkansas 8% each). (GIK Kyne tec, 1998-2008).

Non-Agricultural

Limited non-agricultural data available to BEAD show that usage on golf courses to be less than

500 pounds a.i. in 1999 to almost 2,000 Ibs a.i. in 2006. In 1999 fludioxoniI's use on

nursery/greenhouse segment was also less than 500 lbs. a.i. and reached about 5,00 0 Ibs. a.i. in

2006 (Kline Studies, Inc., 1999-2006).

USE TRENDS

Figures 1-3 provides historical usage data from 1998-2008 for soybeans, strawberries, and

caneberries. Fludioxonil usage was not surveyed before 2006. This is due to data limitation or

minimal use was recorded before 2006. The data have not been analyzed in detail and are

provided for prelimi nary scoping purposes only.

Soybeans

30,000

..

-e

•

c

,

0

.. 0

1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2006

Years

Figure 1. Pounds of Flud ioxonil App lied 10Soyb eans (2006-2008)

Source: OfK Kynetec, 1998-2008

Soybeans were not surveyed before 2006.

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Strawberries

14,000

-'

..;.

0

."

e

0

0-

0 0 0

1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Yea rs

Figu re 2. Pounds of Fludioxooil Applied to Strawberries (1998-2008)

Source: GfK Kynetec, 1998-2008

Caneberries

6,000

-'

..;.

0

."

e

0

0-

0

1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Years

Figure 3. Pounds of Fludioxonil Applied to Caneberries (1998-2008)

Source: GfK Kynetec, 1998-2008

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO FLUDIOXONIL

Resistance in plant pathogenic fungi against fludioxonil is found sporadically (FRAC, 2010).

The risk of fungi develop ing resistance against this fungicide is low to medium and resistance

management is recomm ended (FRAC, 2010). BEAD is not aware of any plant health bene fits

claims or public hea lth issues for this fungicide.

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HISTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FOR FLUDIOXONIL

BEAD has conducted more than a dozen Section 18 analyses for fludioxonil. Table 1 displays

pest and site information for the Section 18 emergency exemption requests for fludioxo nil for

which BEAD conducted an analysis and the recommendation ofthat analysis.

Table I. BEAD Analyses of Section 18 Emergency Exemption Requests for Fludioxonil

Code

97WA I4

97MN 17

97N D16

990R47

99WA31

990R37

99FL02

99SC06

00SC02

0 lCA I3

0l CA28

020R25

03TX09

04CAII

07FL05

10HIOI

Site

Potatoes

Potatoes

Potatoes

Peac hes

Cranberries

Cranberries

Strawberries

Straw berries

Strawbe rries

Stone Fruits

Pomegranates

Peaches

Leafy Vegetables

Pomearanares

Star Fruit

Pineapp les

Pes.

tcommon name)

Silver Scurf

Silver Scurf

Silver Scurf

Brown Rot

Botrvtis

Botrvtis

Gray Mold

Gr ay Mold

Grav Mold

Brown Rot I

GravMold

Gray Mold

Brown Rot

Powdery Mildew

Gray Mold

Fruit Rot

Cladorsporium &

Penicillium Mold

BEAD recommendation

Ureent and non-routine; SEL like lv

Ureent and non-routine; SEL like lv

Urgent and non-routine; SEL likely

Urgent and non-routine; SEL likelv

Urge nt and non-routine; SEL likely

Urzent and non-routine; SEL like ly

Not ureent or non-rout ine; SEL not Iikelv

More data needed; SEL not likely

n/.

Urgent and non- routine; SEL like ly

Uraent and non-routine; SEL likely

Urgent and non-routine; SEL like ly

Urgent and non-routine; SEL possible; more

data needed

Urzent and non-routine; SEL likelv

Urgent and non-routine' SEL like ly

Urgent and non-routine; SEL like ly

Note: The code 10 the first column Identifies the year of the req uest 10 the first two charac ters and

the requesting state in the second two characters.

DATA NEEDS RELEVA NT TO BEAD'S FUT URE WORK ON FLUDIOXO NIL

Data on postharvest agricultural use and usage of fludioxoniL

REFERENCES

EPA Section 18 Database. Available at hnp:llcfpubl .epa.gov/oppreti'section 18/search .cfm

FRAC. 2010. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee Code List.

hnp://\\"ww.frac.info/frac/publicationlanhangiFRA C Code List 2010 .pdf

GtK Kyn etec. 1998-2008

Kl ine Studi es, Inc. 1999-2006

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