DOE/EIA-0584 (2010) 

Annual Coal Report 

2010 

U.S. Energy Information Administration 

Office of Oil, Gas, and Coal Supply Statistics 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Washington, DC 20585 

________________________________________________________________________________ 

This report is available on the Web at: 

http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/coal/acr/acr.pdf

________________________________________________________________________________ 

This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of 

Energy. By law, EIA’s data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The 

views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the U.S. Department of Energy or other Federal agencies. 
ii U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Contacts 

This publication was prepared by Paulette Young under 

the direction of James Kendell, Director, Office of Oil, 

Gas, and Coal Supply Statistics with the U.S. Energy 

Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. 

General information about the data in this report can be 

obtained from Paulette Young at (202) 586-1719, or 

email at paulette.young@eia.gov. Specific questions 

concerning the Executive Summary should be directed to 

Tejasvi Raghuveer at (202) 586-8926, or email 

tejasvi.raghuveer@eia.gov. All other questions on coal 

statistics should be directed to the Office of 

Communications at (202) 586-8800, or email 

infoctr@eia.gov.
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 iii

Preface 

The Annual Coal Report (ACR) provides information 

about U.S. coal production, number of mines, prices, 

productivity, employment, productive capacity, and 

recoverable reserves to a wide audience, including 

Congress, Federal, and State agencies, the coal industry, 

and the general public. This report is published by the 

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill 

data collection and dissemination responsibilities as 

specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 

1974 (Public Law 93-275), as amended. 

This report presents annual data on coal production, 

prices, recoverable reserves, employment, productivity, 

productive capacity, consumption, and stocks. U.S. coal 

production, employment, and productivity are based on 

the U.S. Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health 

Administration’s Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine 

Employment and Coal Production Report.” Prices, 

recoverable reserves, and productive capacity are based 

on EIA’s annual survey form, EIA-7A, “Coal Production 

and Preparation Report.” 

This report is the 35th annual report on coal production 

published by EIA and continues the series formerly 

included in the Minerals Yearbook published by the 

Bureau of Mines. All data for 2010 and prior years are 

final. 

The Office of Oil, Gas, and Coal Supply Statistics 

acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents in 

supplying the information published in the Annual Coal 

Report and appreciates the valuable assistance of State 

coal mining agencies and the U.S. Department of Labor, 

Mine Safety and Health Administration. 
iv U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Contents 

Coal Production ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Productive Capacity ............................................................................................................................................................... 27

Recoverable Reserves............................................................................................................................................................. 31

Employment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Productivity ............................................................................................................................................................................ 43

Domestic Markets .................................................................................................................................................................. 51

Average Mine Sales Price ...................................................................................................................................................... 55

Glossary .................................................................................................................................................................................. 67
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 v

Tables 

1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2010, 2009 ................................................. 12

2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2010 ............................................. 14

3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2010 .................................................................. 18

4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2010 ......................................................................... 19

5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2010 ........................................ 20

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2010 ............................................................ 21

7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2010 ........................................................................ 22

8. Coal Disposition by State, 2010 ........................................................................................................................ 23

9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2010 ........................................................................................................................... 24

10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2009 ..................................................................................................................... 25

11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2010, 2009................................................................................. 28

12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2010, 2009 ................................................................................. 29

13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 2010

 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 30

14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2010, 2009 ..... 32

15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve 

Base by Mining Method, 2010 .......................................................................................................................... 33

16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by 

State and Mining Method, 2010 ........................................................................................................................ 34

17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production 

Range and Mine Type, 2010 ............................................................................................................................. 35

18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2010, 2009 ............................................................. 38

19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 

2010 .................................................................................................................................................................. 39

20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2010 ........... 41

21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2010, 2009 ...................................................................... 44

22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2010 ................................................... 46

23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2010........................................ 47

24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2010 ......................................................... 49

25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2010 ....................................................................... 52

26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2010, 2009 ................................. 53

27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division and State, 2010, 2009 .................................................. 54

28. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2010, 2009................................................................... 56

29. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2010 ............................................... 57

30. Average Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2010 ................................................... 58

31. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2010 ............................................................................. 62

32. Average Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2010 .............................................. 63

33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2010 .................................................................... 64
vi U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 7
8 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 9
10 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 11

Coal Production 
12 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2010, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

2010 2009 Percent Change 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama ..................................................... 50 19,915 57 18,796 -12.3 6.0

 Underground ............................................ 8 12,513 7 11,505 14.3 8.8

 Surface ..................................................... 42 7,402 50 7,291 -16.0 1.5

Alaska ......................................................... 1 2,151 1 1,860 - 15.6

 Surface ..................................................... 1 2,151 1 1,860 - 15.6

Arizona ....................................................... 1 7,752 1 7,474 - 3.7

 Surface ..................................................... 1 7,752 1 7,474 - 3.7

Arkansas .................................................... 2 32 2 5 - NM

 Underground ............................................ 1 31 1 4 - NM

 Surface ..................................................... 1 1 1 1 - 75.8

Colorado ..................................................... 10 25,163 11 28,267 -9.1 -11.0

 Underground ............................................ 7 20,085 8 22,199 -12.5 -9.5

 Surface ..................................................... 3 5,078 3 6,068 - -16.3

Illinois ......................................................... 22 33,241 22 33,748 - -1.5

 Underground ............................................ 14 28,286 13 28,407 7.7 -0.4

 Surface ..................................................... 8 4,955 9 5,342 -11.1 -7.2

Indiana ....................................................... 29 34,950 33 35,655 -12.1 -2.0

 Underground ............................................ 8 14,287 7 12,797 14.3 11.6

 Surface ..................................................... 21 20,663 26 22,858 -19.2 -9.6

Kansas ........................................................ 1 133 1 185 - -28.2

 Surface ..................................................... 1 133 1 185 - -28.2

Kentucky Total .......................................... 392 104,960 449 107,338 -12.7 -2.2

 Underground ............................................ 171 63,993 198 63,152 -13.6 1.3

 Surface ..................................................... 221 40,967 251 44,186 -12.0 -7.3

 Eastern ...................................................... 367 68,063 425 74,719 -13.6 -8.9

 Underground ............................................ 159 34,388 186 37,170 -14.5 -7.5

 Surface ..................................................... 208 33,675 239 37,549 -13.0 -10.3

 Western ..................................................... 25 36,897 24 32,619 4.2 13.1

 Underground ............................................ 12 29,605 12 25,982 - 13.9

 Surface ..................................................... 13 7,293 12 6,637 8.3 9.9

Louisiana .................................................... 2 3,945 2 3,657 - 7.9

 Surface ..................................................... 2 3,945 2 3,657 - 7.9

Maryland ................................................... 22 2,585 22 2,305 - 12.1

 Underground ............................................ 3 677 2 495 50.0 36.8

 Surface ..................................................... 19 1,908 20 1,811 -5.0 5.4

Mississippi .................................................. 1 4,004 1 3,440 - 16.4

 Surface ..................................................... 1 4,004 1 3,440 - 16.4

Missouri ..................................................... 2 458 2 452 - 1.3

 Surface ..................................................... 2 458 2 452 - 1.3

Montana ..................................................... 6 44,732 6 39,486 - 13.3

 Underground ............................................ 1 4,389 1 776 - 465.9

 Surface ..................................................... 5 40,343 5 38,710 - 4.2

New Mexico ................................................ 4 20,991 5 25,124 -20.0 -16.5

 Underground ............................................ 1 4,932 1 6,499 - -24.1

 Surface ..................................................... 3 16,059 4 18,625 -25.0 -13.8

North Dakota ............................................. 4 28,949 4 29,945 - -3.3

 Surface ..................................................... 4 28,949 4 29,945 - -3.3

Ohio ............................................................ 42 26,707 46 27,501 -8.7 -2.9

 Underground ............................................ 10 17,463 11 17,307 -9.1 0.9

 Surface ..................................................... 32 9,244 35 10,194 -8.6 -9.3

Oklahoma ................................................... 10 1,010 10 956 - 5.7

 Underground ............................................ 2 394 1 384 100.0 2.5

 Surface ..................................................... 8 617 9 572 -11.1 7.8

Pennsylvania Total .................................... 240 58,593 244 57,979 -1.6 1.1

 Underground ............................................ 44 47,667 48 48,679 -8.3 -2.1

 Surface ..................................................... 196 10,926 196 9,300 - 17.5

 Anthracite ................................................. 59 1,705 64 1,731 -7.8 -1.5

 Underground ............................................ 9 139 9 176 - -21.3

 Surface ..................................................... 50 1,566 55 1,555 -9.1 0.7

 Bituminous ................................................ 181 56,888 180 56,248 0.6 1.1

 Underground ............................................ 35 47,529 39 48,503 -10.3 -2.0

 Surface ..................................................... 146 9,359 141 7,745 3.5 20.8

Tennessee ................................................... 19 1,780 25 1,996 -24.0 -10.8

 Underground ............................................ 5 555 8 842 -37.5 -34.1

 Surface ..................................................... 14 1,225 17 1,154 -17.6 6.2

Texas ........................................................... 12 40,982 12 35,093 - 16.8

 Surface ..................................................... 12 40,982 12 35,093 - 16.8

Utah ............................................................ 8 19,351 8 21,718 - -10.9

 Underground ............................................ 8 19,351 8 21,718 - -10.9

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 13

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2010, 2009 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1

2010 2009 Percent Change 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

 

Virginia ...................................................... 106 22,385 108 21,019 -1.9 6.5

 Underground ............................................ 61 14,169 55 12,938 10.9 9.5

 Surface ..................................................... 45 8,217 53 8,081 -15.1 1.7

West Virginia Total .................................. 252 135,220 283 137,127 -11.0 -1.4

 Underground ............................................ 152 84,544 170 80,887 -10.6 4.5

 Surface ..................................................... 100 50,676 113 56,240 -11.5 -9.9

 Northern .................................................... 34 41,306 39 38,395 -12.8 7.6

 Underground ............................................ 19 37,302 20 33,148 -5.0 12.5

 Surface ..................................................... 15 4,004 19 5,247 -21.1 -23.7

 Southern .................................................... 218 93,914 244 98,732 -10.7 -4.9

 Underground ............................................ 133 47,242 150 47,739 -11.3 -1.0

 Surface ..................................................... 85 46,671 94 50,993 -9.6 -8.5

Wyoming .................................................... 19 442,522 20 431,107 -5.0 2.6

 Underground ............................................ 1 3,819 1 3,472 - 10.0

 Surface ..................................................... 18 438,703 19 427,635 -5.3 2.6

 

Appalachian Total ..................................... 1,098 335,248 1,210 341,443 -9.3 -1.8

 Underground ............................................ 442 211,976 487 209,824 -9.2 1.0

 Surface ..................................................... 656 123,271 723 131,619 -9.3 -6.3

 Northern .................................................... 338 129,191 351 126,180 -3.7 2.4

 Underground ............................................ 76 103,109 81 99,629 -6.2 3.5

 Surface ..................................................... 262 26,082 270 26,551 -3.0 -1.8

 Central ...................................................... 710 186,142 802 196,467 -11.5 -5.3

 Underground ............................................ 358 96,354 399 98,690 -10.3 -2.4

 Surface ..................................................... 352 89,788 403 97,777 -12.7 -8.2

 Southern .................................................... 50 19,915 57 18,796 -12.3 6.0

 Underground ............................................ 8 12,513 7 11,505 14.3 8.8

 Surface ..................................................... 42 7,402 50 7,291 -16.0 1.5

Interior Total ............................................. 106 155,653 109 145,811 -2.8 6.7

 Underground ............................................ 37 72,603 34 67,574 8.8 7.4

 Surface ..................................................... 69 83,050 75 78,237 -8.0 6.2

Illinois Basin Total .................................... 76 105,089 79 102,023 -3.8 3.0

 Underground ............................................ 34 72,178 32 67,186 6.3 7.4

 Surface ..................................................... 42 32,911 47 34,837 -10.6 -5.5

Western Total ............................................ 53 591,611 56 584,981 -5.4 1.1

 Underground ............................................ 18 52,576 19 54,664 -5.3 -3.8

 Surface ..................................................... 35 539,035 37 530,317 -5.4 1.6

 Powder River Basin ................................. 16 468,428 17 455,503 -5.9 2.8

 Underground ............................................ - - - - - -

 Surface ..................................................... 16 468,428 17 455,503 -5.9 2.8

 Uinta Region ............................................. 16 43,699 16 49,104 - -11.0

 Underground ............................................ 14 38,914 14 43,410 - -10.4

 Surface ..................................................... 2 4,785 2 5,694 - -16.0

 

East of Miss. River .................................... 1,175 444,340 1,290 446,906 -8.9 -0.6

West of Miss. River ................................... 82 638,171 85 625,330 -3.5 2.1

 

U.S. Subtotal .............................................. 1,257 1,082,511 1,375 1,072,236 -8.6 1.0

 

Refuse Recovery ........................................ 28 1,857 32 2,688 -12.5 -30.9

 

U.S. Total .................................................. . 1,285 1,084,368 1,407 1,074,923 -8.7 0.9

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 NM = Not meaningful due to changes of 500 percent or more. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
14 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2010 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Underground Surface Total 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama .................................................... 8 12,513 42 7,402 50 19,915

 Bibb .......................................................... - - 2 128 2 128

 Blount ....................................................... - - 1 149 1 149

 Cullman .................................................... - - 1 69 1 69

 Fayette ...................................................... 1 3,037 - - 1 3,037

 Franklin .................................................... - - 2 110 2 110

 Jackson ..................................................... - - 1 34 1 34

 Jefferson ................................................... 2 2,606 8 1,038 10 3,644

 Marion ...................................................... - - 1 79 1 79

 Shelby ...................................................... 2 84 2 239 4 323

 Tuscaloosa ................................................ 2 6,668 5 1,961 7 8,628

 Walker ...................................................... 1 118 17 2,910 18 3,029

 Winston .................................................... - - 2 685 2 685

Alaska ........................................................ - - 1 2,151 1 2,151

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division ....................... - - 1 2,151 1 2,151

Arizona ...................................................... - - 1 7,752 1 7,752

 Navajo ...................................................... - - 1 7,752 1 7,752

Arkansas ................................................... 1 31 1 1 2 32

 Sebastian .................................................. 1 31 1 1 2 32

Colorado .................................................... 7 20,085 3 5,078 10 25,163

 Delta ......................................................... 1 1,325 - - 1 1,325

 Garfield .................................................... 1 200 - - 1 200

 Gunnison .................................................. 2 8,588 - - 2 8,588

 La Plata .................................................... 1 522 - - 1 522

 Moffat ...................................................... - - 2 4,785 2 4,785

 Montrose .................................................. - - 1 293 1 293

 Rio Blanco ............................................... 1 1,723 - - 1 1,723

 Routt ......................................................... 1 7,727 - - 1 7,727

Illinois ........................................................ 14 28,286 8 4,955 22 33,241

 Franklin .................................................... 1 324 - - 1 324

 Gallatin ..................................................... - - 2 2,246 2 2,246

 Jackson ..................................................... - - 1 650 1 650

 Macoupin ................................................. 2 2,338 - - 2 2,338

 Mcdonough .............................................. - - 1 195 1 195

 Montgomery ............................................. 1 21 - - 1 21

 Perry ......................................................... 2 2,417 3 784 5 3,202

 Randolph .................................................. 1 3,198 - - 1 3,198

 Saline ........................................................ 4 10,060 - - 4 10,060

 Sangamon ................................................. 1 2,475 - - 1 2,475

 Wabash ..................................................... - - 1 1,080 1 1,080

 White ........................................................ 1 1,657 - - 1 1,657

 Williamson ............................................... 1 5,795 - - 1 5,795

Indiana ...................................................... 8 14,287 21 20,663 29 34,950

 Clay .......................................................... - - 1 25 1 25

 Daviess ..................................................... - - 3 2,859 3 2,859

 Dubois ...................................................... - - 1 1,286 1 1,286

 Gibson ...................................................... 2 5,842 2 5,359 4 11,201

 Knox ......................................................... 4 2,713 3 2,280 7 4,994

 Pike .......................................................... 1 2,685 4 1,655 5 4,339

 Sullivan .................................................... 1 3,047 1 3,004 2 6,051

 Vigo .......................................................... - - 2 2,064 2 2,064

 Warrick .................................................... - - 4 2,132 4 2,132

Kansas ....................................................... - - 1 133 1 133

 Bourbon .................................................... - - 1 133 1 133

Kentucky ................................................... 171 63,993 221 40,967 392 104,960

 Bell ........................................................... 5 858 14 1,370 19 2,229

 Boyd ......................................................... - - 1 272 1 272

 Breathitt .................................................... 1 852 4 108 5 960

 Clay .......................................................... 1 4 9 484 10 488

 Daviess ..................................................... - - 1 374 1 374

 Floyd ........................................................ 9 559 9 1,015 18 1,574

 Harlan ....................................................... 33 7,091 29 3,590 62 10,681

 Henderson ................................................ 1 1,114 1 1,219 2 2,333

 Hopkins .................................................... 4 13,120 - - 4 13,120

 Jackson ..................................................... - - 1 27 1 27

 Johnson .................................................... - - 5 154 5 154

 Knott ........................................................ 17 2,600 11 2,091 28 4,691

 Knox ......................................................... 3 50 6 444 9 494

 Lawrence .................................................. 1 79 7 75 8 154

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 15

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2010 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Underground Surface Total 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Leslie ........................................................ 7 1,779 11 1,916 18 3,694

 Letcher ..................................................... 22 3,719 10 394 32 4,113

 Magoffin .................................................. 1 63 7 2,646 8 2,709

 Martin ....................................................... 7 3,763 7 1,885 14 5,648

 Muhlenberg .............................................. 2 2,530 8 2,063 10 4,593

 Ohio .......................................................... 1 627 3 3,637 4 4,264

 Owsley ..................................................... - - 2 4 2 4

 Perry ......................................................... 6 4,356 21 9,698 27 14,054

 Pike .......................................................... 45 8,527 43 7,233 88 15,760

 Union ........................................................ 3 10,224 - - 3 10,224

 Webster .................................................... 1 1,989 - - 1 1,989

 Whitley ..................................................... 1 88 11 267 12 355

Louisiana ................................................... - - 2 3,945 2 3,945

 De Soto ..................................................... - - 1 3,929 1 3,929

 Natchitoches ............................................. - - 1 15 1 15

Maryland .................................................. 3 677 19 1,908 22 2,585

 Allegany ................................................... 1 399 13 1,415 14 1,813

 Garrett ...................................................... 2 278 6 493 8 772

Mississippi ................................................. - - 1 4,004 1 4,004

 Choctaw ................................................... - - 1 4,004 1 4,004

Missouri .................................................... - - 2 458 2 458

 Bates ......................................................... - - 2 458 2 458

Montana .................................................... 1 4,389 5 40,343 6 44,732

 Big Horn ................................................... - - 3 27,760 3 27,760

 Musselshell .............................................. 1 4,389 - - 1 4,389

 Richland ................................................... - - 1 352 1 352

 Rosebud .................................................... - - 1 12,231 1 12,231

New Mexico ............................................... 1 4,932 3 16,059 4 20,991

 Mckinley .................................................. - - 2 8,249 2 8,249

 San Juan ................................................... 1 4,932 1 7,810 2 12,742

North Dakota ............................................ - - 4 28,949 4 28,949

 Mclean ...................................................... - - 1 7,571 1 7,571

 Mercer ...................................................... - - 2 17,490 2 17,490

 Oliver ....................................................... - - 1 3,888 1 3,888

Ohio ........................................................... 10 17,463 32 9,244 42 26,707

 Belmont .................................................... 1 6,378 5 1,181 6 7,559

 Carroll ...................................................... 1 91 1 45 2 136

 Columbiana .............................................. - - 2 92 2 92

 Coshocton ................................................ - - 1 295 1 295

 Guernsey .................................................. - - 1 237 1 237

 Harrison .................................................... 1 1,405 6 2,550 7 3,955

 Jackson ..................................................... - - 1 370 1 370

 Jefferson ................................................... 2 416 3 1,028 5 1,444

 Mahoning ................................................. - - 1 3 1 3

 Meigs ........................................................ 1 735 - - 1 735

 Monroe ..................................................... 1 6,214 - - 1 6,214

 Muskingum .............................................. - - 1 7 1 7

 Noble ........................................................ - - 2 775 2 775

 Perry ......................................................... 2 1,620 1 613 3 2,233

 Stark ......................................................... - - 2 223 2 223

 Tuscarawas ............................................... 1 604 3 1,238 4 1,841

 Vinton ...................................................... - - 2 587 2 587

Oklahoma .................................................. 2 394 8 617 10 1,010

 Craig ......................................................... - - 2 47 2 47

 Haskell ..................................................... - - 2 141 2 141

 Le Flore .................................................... 2 394 1 206 3 600

 Nowata ..................................................... - - 1 213 1 213

 Okmulgee ................................................. - - 1 2 1 2

 Rogers ...................................................... - - 1 8 1 8

Pennsylvania ............................................. 44 47,667 196 10,926 240 58,593

 Allegheny ................................................. - - 4 220 4 220

 Armstrong ................................................ 6 3,074 10 373 16 3,446

 Beaver ...................................................... 1 179 1 21 2 200

 Bedford .................................................... - - 1 38 1 38

 Butler ........................................................ - - 6 236 6 236

 Cambria .................................................... 2 881 9 527 11 1,408

 Cameron ................................................... - - 1 39 1 39

 Centre ....................................................... - - 1 98 1 98

 Clarion ...................................................... - - 5 336 5 336

 Clearfield .................................................. 3 1,530 39 2,122 42 3,653

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
16 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2010 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Underground Surface Total 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Columbia .................................................. - - 3 180 3 180

 Dauphin .................................................... 1 2 - - 1 2

 Elk ............................................................ 1 134 5 199 6 333

 Fayette ...................................................... - - 10 184 10 184

 Greene ...................................................... 5 26,754 - - 5 26,754

 Indiana ...................................................... 8 2,260 9 150 17 2,410

 Jefferson ................................................... 1 174 11 831 12 1,004

 Lackawanna ............................................. - - 1 15 1 15

 Luzerne .................................................... - - 5 211 5 211

 Lycoming ................................................. - - 1 252 1 252

 Mercer ...................................................... - - 1 90 1 90

 Northumberland ....................................... 3 109 5 98 8 207

 Schuylkill ................................................. 5 28 36 1,063 41 1,090

 Somerset ................................................... 7 2,601 19 2,848 26 5,450

 Venango ................................................... - - 2 16 2 16

 Washington .............................................. 1 9,942 4 679 5 10,620

 Westmoreland .......................................... - - 7 100 7 100

Tennessee .................................................. 5 555 14 1,225 19 1,780

 Anderson .................................................. 1 132 3 162 4 295

 Campbell .................................................. 2 320 6 612 8 931

 Claiborne .................................................. 2 103 4 434 6 537

 Fentress .................................................... - - 1 17 1 17

Texas .......................................................... - - 12 40,982 12 40,982

 Atascosa ................................................... - - 1 3,294 1 3,294

 Freestone .................................................. - - 1 2,619 1 2,619

 Harrison .................................................... - - 1 4,569 1 4,569

 Hopkins .................................................... - - 1 1,858 1 1,858

 Lee ............................................................ - - 1 5,364 1 5,364

 Leon ......................................................... - - 1 4,171 1 4,171

 Limestone ................................................. - - 1 6,304 1 6,304

 Panola ....................................................... - - 2 7,206 2 7,206

 Robertson ................................................. - - 1 1,870 1 1,870

 Rusk ......................................................... - - 1 2,978 1 2,978

 Titus ......................................................... - - 1 749 1 749

Utah ........................................................... 8 19,351 - - 8 19,351

 Carbon ...................................................... 5 8,999 - - 5 8,999

 Emery ....................................................... 2 3,954 - - 2 3,954

 Sevier ....................................................... 1 6,398 - - 1 6,398

Virginia ..................................................... 61 14,169 45 8,217 106 22,385

 Buchanan .................................................. 22 6,545 12 2,199 34 8,744

 Dickenson ................................................ 10 820 4 239 14 1,059

 Giles ......................................................... - - 1 141 1 141

 Lee ............................................................ 2 192 5 322 7 514

 Russell ...................................................... 4 691 3 36 7 726

 Tazewell ................................................... 1 368 1 575 2 943

 Wise ......................................................... 22 5,553 19 4,705 41 10,258

West Virginia ............................................ 152 84,544 100 50,676 252 135,220

 Barbour .................................................... 1 1,322 3 301 4 1,622

 Boone ....................................................... 26 10,135 12 12,317 38 22,452

 Clay .......................................................... 1 523 1 1,572 2 2,095

 Fayette ...................................................... 6 2,066 6 4,401 12 6,467

 Grant ........................................................ 1 5 - - 1 5

 Greenbrier ................................................ 3 746 1 166 4 912

 Harrison .................................................... 2 553 3 35 5 589

 Kanawha .................................................. 12 7,190 11 2,798 23 9,988

 Lincoln ..................................................... 2 1,042 1 665 3 1,707

 Logan ....................................................... 12 7,280 10 8,605 22 15,885

 Marion ...................................................... 2 11,369 - - 2 11,369

 Marshall ................................................... 2 13,945 - - 2 13,945

 Mason ....................................................... 1 158 - - 1 158

 Mcdowell ................................................. 28 2,422 12 2,581 40 5,002

 Mercer ...................................................... - - 1 69 1 69

 Mineral ..................................................... - - 2 76 2 76

 Mingo ....................................................... 14 3,800 11 5,088 25 8,888

 Monongalia .............................................. 3 5,067 3 834 6 5,901

 Nicholas ................................................... 4 891 8 2,718 12 3,609

 Ohio .......................................................... 1 162 1 18 2 180

 Preston ...................................................... 1 88 - - 1 88

 Raleigh ..................................................... 12 4,638 6 2,884 18 7,523

 Randolph .................................................. 1 491 - - 1 491

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 17

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2010 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County 

Underground Surface Total 

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

 

 Tucker ...................................................... 1 2,449 - - 1 2,449

 Upshur ...................................................... 1 543 1 25 2 568

 Wayne ...................................................... 3 3,869 2 1,094 5 4,963

 Webster .................................................... 3 1,308 2 2,715 5 4,023

 Wyoming .................................................. 9 2,483 3 1,713 12 4,196

Wyoming ................................................... 1 3,819 18 438,703 19 442,522

 Campbell .................................................. - - 11 392,528 11 392,528

 Carbon ...................................................... - - 1 1 1 1

 Converse .................................................. - - 1 35,908 1 35,908

 Hot Springs .............................................. - - 1 26 1 26

 Lincoln ..................................................... - - 1 4,760 1 4,760

 Sweetwater ............................................... 1 3,819 3 5,480 4 9,299

 

U.S. Subtotal .............................................. 497 337,155 760 745,357 1,257 1,082,511

 

Refuse Recovery ........................................ - - - - 28 1,857

 

U.S. Total .................................................. . 497 337,155 760 745,357 1,285 1,084,368

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
18 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2010 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2 Conventional and 

Other3 Longwall4

 Total 

Alabama ................................................... 203 - 12,311 12,513

Arkansas ................................................... 31 - - 31

Colorado ................................................... 721 - 19,363 20,085

Illinois ...................................................... 13,624 2,475 12,187 28,286

Indiana ...................................................... 14,287 - - 14,287

Kentucky Total......................................... 61,809 2,184 - 63,993

 Eastern .................................................... 32,204 2,184 - 34,388

 Western .................................................. 29,605 - - 29,605

Maryland .................................................. 672 5 - 677

Montana ................................................... - - 4,389 4,389

New Mexico ............................................. - - 4,932 4,932

Ohio .......................................................... 4,871 - 12,592 17,463

Oklahoma ................................................. 394 - - 394

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 11,905 40 35,723 47,667

 Anthracite ............................................... 99 40 - 139

 Bituminous ............................................. 11,806 - 35,723 47,529

Tennessee ................................................. 545 9 - 555

Utah .......................................................... 344 - 19,007 19,351

Virginia .................................................... 9,459 27 4,682 14,169

West Virginia Total ................................. 44,488 28 40,028 84,544

 Northern ................................................. 5,801 7 31,494 37,302

 Southern ................................................. 38,687 20 8,534 47,242

Wyoming .................................................. - - 3,819 3,819

Appalachian Total .................................. 104,347 2,292 105,337 211,976

 Northern ................................................ 23,249 52 79,809 103,109

 Central ................................................... 80,896 2,240 13,217 96,354

 Southern ................................................ 203 - 12,311 12,513

Interior Total .......................................... 57,941 2,475 12,187 72,603

 Illinois Basin ......................................... 57,516 2,475 12,187 72,178

Western Total ......................................... 1,066 - 51,510 52,576

 Powder River Basin .............................. - - - -

 Uinta Region ......................................... 544 - 38,370 38,914

East of Miss. River ................................. 161,863 4,767 117,524 284,154

West of Miss. River ................................ 1,491 - 51,510 53,001

U.S. Total ................................................ 163,354 4,767 169,033 337,155 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or 

a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining methods, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 4

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 19

Table 4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2010 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coalbed Thickness 

(inches) Underground Surface Total 

< 7 ................................................................ 54 36 90

7-12 .............................................................. - 2,409 2,409

13-18 ............................................................ 420 6,820 7,240

19-24 ............................................................ 763 14,342 15,105

25-30 ............................................................ 3,519 15,376 18,895

31-36 ............................................................ 18,704 37,939 56,643

37-42 ............................................................ 23,714 20,125 43,839

43-48 ............................................................ 28,912 17,200 46,113

49-54 ............................................................ 24,820 15,226 40,047

55-60 ............................................................ 33,965 15,537 49,502

61-66 ............................................................ 42,880 18,227 61,107

67-72 ............................................................ 63,435 11,626 75,061

73-78 ............................................................ 12,677 2,926 15,603

79-84 ............................................................ 9,657 4,595 14,252

85-90 ............................................................ 15,498 453 15,951

91-96 ............................................................ 6,519 16,943 23,461

97-102 .......................................................... 14,691 5,658 20,349

103-108 ........................................................ 5,970 10,336 16,306

109-114 ........................................................ 72 3,156 3,228

115-120 ........................................................ 7,639 2,114 9,752

> 120 ............................................................ 23,074 523,623 546,698

Unknown1

 ..................................................... 170 690 2,717

U.S. Total ..................................................... 337,155 745,357 1,084,368 

1

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
20 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2010 

Coalbed ID Number1

Coalbed Name 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Thickness 

(inches) 

Underground Surface Total Average2 Low High 

1699 Wyodak ............................................... - 382,805 382,805 779 160 912

0036 Pittsburgh ............................................ 78,969 5,148 84,116 71 16 120

0489 No. 9 .................................................... 40,746 6,212 46,958 61 36 72

0484 Herrin (Illinois No. 6) ......................... 29,018 2,612 31,630 69 24 85

1697 Canyon ................................................ - 29,405 29,405 641 364 804

1569 Beulah-Zap .......................................... - 27,493 27,493 174 114 210

0111 Coalburg .............................................. 4,841 16,979 21,819 76 8 134

1696 Anderson-Dietz 1-Dietz 2 ................... - 21,254 21,254 933 660 960

1787 Roland ................................................. - 16,226 16,226 486 384 660

1808 Rosebud............................................... - 15,403 15,403 257 68 276

0151 Upper Elkhorn No. 3 ........................... 11,357 3,162 14,519 44 6 120

0084 Lower Kittanning ................................ 5,993 7,902 13,895 49 12 88

0103 Stockton-Lewiston .............................. 4,397 7,146 11,543 68 7 132

0168 Lower Elkhorn .................................... 6,996 2,854 9,849 46 5 84

0280 Blue Creek .......................................... 8,854 608 9,462 54 10 72

0157 Alma .................................................... 7,408 2,018 9,427 48 12 80

0176 Eagle ................................................... 7,426 1,609 9,035 46 11 63

0071 Upper Freeport .................................... 6,439 2,496 8,935 55 12 94

1003 Menefee Formation ............................. 522 8,249 8,771 89 60 96

0344 ........................................................... 8,434 22 8,456 57 28 68

0121 Winifrede ............................................ 4,450 3,666 8,116 50 12 110

0135 Hazard No. 4 ....................................... 3,913 4,048 7,961 52 15 108

1750 Wadge ................................................. 7,727 - 7,727 100 100 100

1488 Fruitland No. 8 .................................... 4,932 2,499 7,431 163 162 166

0142 Williamson (Amburgy) ....................... 4,330 2,197 6,527 45 15 74

Major Coalbeds Total ................................... 246,751 572,014 818,765 458 5 960

 

Other Coalbeds.............................................. 90,233 172,653 262,886 79 7 540

 

Unknown3

 ....................................................... 170 684 2,711 NA NA NA

 

U.S. Total ....................................................... 337,155 745,357 1,084,368 365 - 960 

1

 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal zones. See Coalbed name discussion 

in note below. 

2

 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 

3

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 NA = Not Available. 

 Notes: • Major coalbeds for this table are the top 25 producing coalbeds. The category "Other Coalbeds" includes all coalbeds from which less than 8.0 million short tons were 

produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the geological 

formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and even in the Gulf 

Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are also included in "Other Coalbeds," even though production may exceed 8.0 million short tons. Totals may not equal sum of components 

due to independent rounding. • The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that coalbed. The States having greatest 

production for each coalbed are Alabama (coalbed 0280), Colorado (1750); Illinois (0484); Indiana (0483); Eastern Kentucky (0100, 0135, 0142, 0151, and 0168); Western Kentucky 

(0489); Montana (1696 and 1808); New Mexico (1488); North Dakota (1569); Pennsylvania (0036 and 0071); West Virginia (0084, 0103, 0111, 0121, 0157, and 0176); and 

Wyoming (1697, 1699, and 1787). In some other States where these are major producing beds, the following alternative coalbed names are also used: 0084, No. 5 (Ohio); 0111, 

Peach Orchard (Eastern Kentucky); 0121, Quakertown (Pennsylvania); 0135, Windrock (Tennessee); Phillips (Virginia); Chilton (West Virginia); 0142, Lower Splint (Virginia); 0151, 

Jellico (Tennessee); Taggert (Virginia); Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0157, Elkhorn No. 1 (East Kentucky); Rich Mountain (Tennessee); 0168, Imboden (Virginia); No. 2 Gas (West 

Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0484, No. 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No. 5 (Illinois and Indiana). 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 21

Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2010 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Number of 

Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama ......................................... 50 19,915 - - - - - - 50 19,915

Alaska ............................................ - - 1 2,151 - - - - 1 2,151

Arizona ........................................... 1 7,752 - - - - - - 1 7,752

Arkansas ......................................... 2 32 - - - - - - 2 32

Colorado ......................................... 8 20,378 2 4,785 - - - - 10 25,163

Illinois ............................................ 22 33,241 - - - - - - 22 33,241

Indiana ............................................ 29 34,950 - - - - - - 29 34,950

Kansas ............................................ 1 133 - - - - - - 1 133

Kentucky Total............................... 392 104,960 - - - - - - 392 104,960

 Eastern .......................................... 367 68,063 - - - - - - 367 68,063

 Western ........................................ 25 36,897 - - - - - - 25 36,897

Louisiana ........................................ - - - - 2 3,945 - - 2 3,945

Maryland ........................................ 22 2,585 - - - - - - 22 2,585

Mississippi ..................................... - - - - 1 4,004 - - 1 4,004

Missouri ......................................... 2 458 - - - - - - 2 458

Montana ......................................... - - 5 44,381 1 352 - - 6 44,732

New Mexico2 ................................. - - 4 20,991 - - - - 4 20,991

North Dakota .................................. - - - - 4 28,949 - - 4 28,949

Ohio ................................................ 42 26,707 - - - - - - 42 26,707

Oklahoma ....................................... 10 1,010 - - - - - - 10 1,010

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 181 56,888 - - - - 59 1,705 240 58,593

 Anthracite ..................................... - - - - - - 59 1,705 59 1,705

 Bituminous ................................... 181 56,888 - - - - - - 181 56,888

Tennessee ....................................... 19 1,780 - - - - - - 19 1,780

Texas .............................................. - - - - 12 40,982 - - 12 40,982

Utah ................................................ 8 19,351 - - - - - - 8 19,351

Virginia .......................................... 106 22,385 - - - - - - 106 22,385

West Virginia Total ....................... 252 135,220 - - - - - - 252 135,220

 Northern ....................................... 34 41,306 - - - - - - 34 41,306

 Southern ....................................... 218 93,914 - - - - - - 218 93,914

Wyoming ........................................ - - 19 442,522 - - - - 19 442,522

 

Appalachian Total ........................ 1,039 333,543 - - - - 59 1,705 1,098 335,248

 Northern ...................................... 279 127,486 - - - - 59 1,705 338 129,191

 Central ......................................... 710 186,142 - - - - - - 710 186,142

 Southern ...................................... 50 19,915 - - - - - - 50 19,915

Interior Total ................................ 91 106,723 - - 15 48,930 - - 106 155,653

 Illinois Basin ............................... 76 105,089 - - - - - - 76 105,089

Western Total ............................... 18 47,482 30 514,829 5 29,300 - - 53 591,611

 Powder River Basin .................... - - 16 468,428 - - - - 16 468,428

 Uinta Region ............................... 14 38,914 2 4,785 - - - - 16 43,699

 

East of Miss. River ....................... 1,115 438,631 - - 1 4,004 59 1,705 1,175 444,340

West of Miss. River ...................... 33 49,116 30 514,829 19 74,227 - - 82 638,171

 

U.S. Subtotal ................................. 1,148 487,747 30 514,829 20 78,230 59 1,705 1,257 1,082,511

 

Refuse Recovery ........................... 24 1,786 - - - - 4 71 28 1,857

 

U.S. Total ...................................... 1,172 489,533 30 514,829 20 78,230 63 1,776 1,285 1,084,368 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 One Mine in New Mexico periodically produces both bituminous and subbituminous coal. When this occurs, it is double counted as a subbituminous and bituminous mine, but is not 

double counted in the total. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
22 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2010 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Union Nonunion Total 

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama ...................................................... 12,311 208 203 7,192 12,513 7,400

Alaska ......................................................... - 2,151 - - - 2,151

Arizona ........................................................ - 7,752 - - - 7,752

Arkansas ...................................................... - - 31 - 31 -

Colorado ...................................................... 1,723 2,481 18,361 2,597 20,085 5,078

Illinois ......................................................... 4,231 - 24,055 4,951 28,286 4,951

Indiana ......................................................... - - 14,287 20,663 14,287 20,663

Kansas ......................................................... - - - 133 - 133

Kentucky Total............................................ 3,850 883 60,082 39,891 63,931 40,775

 Eastern ....................................................... 383 883 33,943 32,599 34,326 33,482

 Western ..................................................... 3,466 - 26,138 7,293 29,605 7,293

Louisiana ..................................................... - - - 3,945 - 3,945

Maryland ..................................................... - - 672 1,900 672 1,900

Mississippi .................................................. - - - 4,004 - 4,004

Missouri ...................................................... - - - 458 - 458

Montana ...................................................... - 21,017 4,389 19,326 4,389 40,343

New Mexico ................................................ 4,932 7,810 - 8,249 4,932 16,059

North Dakota ............................................... - 6,783 - 22,166 - 28,949

Ohio ............................................................. 6,378 - 11,085 9,212 17,463 9,212

Oklahoma .................................................... - - 394 604 394 604

Pennsylvania Total ...................................... 15,174 578 32,454 10,043 47,628 10,621

 Anthracite .................................................. - 383 99 1,111 99 1,494

 Bituminous ................................................ 15,174 194 32,355 8,932 47,529 9,127

Tennessee .................................................... - - 545 1,212 545 1,212

Texas ........................................................... - 27,078 - 13,904 - 40,982

Utah ............................................................. 3,954 - 15,397 - 19,351 -

Virginia ....................................................... 740 - 13,402 8,191 14,141 8,191

West Virginia Total .................................... 33,177 9,541 51,339 41,047 84,516 50,589

 Northern .................................................... 29,045 - 8,250 3,988 37,295 3,988

 Southern .................................................... 4,133 9,541 43,089 37,059 47,222 46,600

Wyoming ..................................................... 3,819 6,755 - 431,948 3,819 438,703

 

Appalachian Total ..................................... 68,163 11,210 143,643 111,397 211,806 122,607

 Northern ................................................... 50,596 578 52,461 25,144 103,058 25,721

 Central ...................................................... 5,255 10,425 90,980 79,061 96,235 89,486

 Southern ................................................... 12,311 208 203 7,192 12,513 7,400

Interior Total ............................................. 7,698 27,078 64,905 55,954 72,603 83,031

 Illinois Basin ............................................ 7,698 - 64,480 32,907 72,178 32,907

Western Total ............................................ 14,428 54,750 38,148 484,285 52,576 539,035

 Powder River Basin ................................. - 20,666 - 447,762 - 468,428

 Uinta Region ............................................ 5,677 2,188 33,237 2,597 38,914 4,785

 

East of Miss. River .................................... 75,860 11,210 208,124 148,307 283,984 159,517

West of Miss. River ................................... 14,428 81,828 38,573 503,328 53,001 585,156

 

Unknown2

 ................................................... - - - - 170 684

 

U.S. Total ................................................... 90,288 93,037 246,696 651,635 337,155 745,357 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Excludes refuse recovery operations. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 23

Table 8. Coal Disposition by State, 2010 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market Sales1

 Captive Sales/Transactions2 Total 

Alabama ....................................................... 20,114 110 20,225

Alaska .......................................................... W - W

Arizona ......................................................... W - W

Arkansas ....................................................... W - W

Colorado ....................................................... 22,154 2,756 24,910

Illinois .......................................................... W W 33,257

Indiana .......................................................... 19,005 15,428 34,433

Kansas .......................................................... W - W

Kentucky Total............................................. 99,333 5,250 104,583

 Eastern ........................................................ W W 66,895

 Western ...................................................... W W 37,687

Louisiana ...................................................... W W W

Maryland ...................................................... W W 2,842

Mississippi ................................................... W - W

Missouri ....................................................... W - W

Montana ....................................................... W W 44,521

New Mexico ................................................. W W 21,872

North Dakota ................................................ W W 28,894

Ohio .............................................................. 26,061 1,268 27,330

Oklahoma ..................................................... W W 996

Pennsylvania Total ....................................... 55,739 3,916 59,655

 Anthracite ................................................... W W 1,626

 Bituminous ................................................. W W 58,029

Tennessee ..................................................... W W 1,740

Texas ............................................................ W W 41,501

Utah .............................................................. W W 19,011

Virginia ........................................................ 14,955 7,259 22,215

West Virginia Total ..................................... 117,902 17,428 135,330

 Northern ..................................................... 38,533 3,422 41,954

 Southern ..................................................... 79,369 14,006 93,375

Wyoming ...................................................... 314,486 127,575 442,061

U.S. Total3

 .................................................... 845,112 237,602 1,082,714 

1

 Open market sales include all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive sales transactions include all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 3

 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report." 
24 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2010 

Rank Mine Names/Company Mine Type State Production 

(short tons) 

1 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Company Llc Surface Wyoming 116,225,536

2 North Antelope Rochelle Mine/Peabody Powder River Mining Llc Surface Wyoming 105,755,685

3 Cordero Mine/Cordero Mining Llc Surface Wyoming 38,499,809

4 Antelope Coal Mine/Antelope Coal Llc Surface Wyoming 35,908,216

5 Belle Ayr Mine/Alpha Coal West, Inc. Surface Wyoming 25,766,025

6 Buckskin Mine/Kiewit Mining Group Surface Wyoming 25,532,509

7 Caballo Mine/Peabody Caballo Mining, Llc Surface Wyoming 23,500,122

8 Eagle Butte Mine/Alpha Coal West, Inc. Surface Wyoming 23,225,757

9 Spring Creek Coal Company/Spring Creek Coal Llc Surface Montana 19,325,848

10 Freedom Mine/The Coteau Properties Company Surface North Dakota 14,594,871

11 Rosebud Mine&Crusher/Conveyor/Western Energy Company Surface Montana 12,231,389

12 Coal Creek Mine/Thunder Basin Coal Company Llc Surface Wyoming 11,414,277

13 Rawhide Mine/Peabody Caballo Mining, Llc Surface Wyoming 11,229,907

14 Bailey Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 10,607,451

15 Mcelroy Mine/Mcelroy Coal Company Underground West Virginia 10,094,681

16 Enlow Fork Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 9,941,681

17 Navajo Mine/Bhp Navajo Coal Company Surface New Mexico 7,809,929

18 Kayenta Mine/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 7,752,277

19 Foidel Creek Mine/Peabody Twentymile Mining Llc Underground Colorado 7,727,004

20 Falkirk Mine/Falkirk Mining Company Surface North Dakota 7,570,950

21 El Segundo/Peabody New Mexico Services Div. Surface New Mexico 6,639,386

22 Sufco/Canyon Fuel Company Llc Underground Utah 6,398,350

23 Powhatan No. 6 Mine/The Ohio Valley Coal Company Underground Ohio 6,378,070

24 Kosse Strip/Luminant Mining Company Llc Surface Texas 6,303,847

25 Century Mine/American Energy Corporation Underground Ohio 6,214,246

26 Wyodak Mine/Wyodak Resources Development Co. Surface Wyoming 5,930,614

27 Loveridge #22/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 5,869,034

28 Cardinal/Warrior Coal Llc Underground Kentucky 5,841,599

29 River View Mine/River View Coal Llc Underground Kentucky 5,830,052

30 Mach #1 Mine/Mach Mining Llc Underground Illinois 5,795,493

31 The American Coal Company New/The American Coal Company Underground Illinois 5,774,752

32 Cumberland Mine/Cumberland Coal Resources Lp Underground Pennsylvania 5,764,385

33 Robinson Run No. 95/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 5,499,559

34 Absaloka Mine/Westmoreland Resources Inc. Surface Montana 5,467,670

35 Dry Fork Mine/Western Fuels-Wyoming Inc. Surface Wyoming 5,448,073

36 Three Oaks/Luminant Mining Company Llc Surface Texas 5,364,236

37 San Juan Mine 1/San Juan Coal Company Underground New Mexico 4,931,891

38 Emerald Mine No. 1/Emerald Coal Resources Lp Underground Pennsylvania 4,901,640

39 West Elk Mine/Mountain Coal Company, Llc Underground Colorado 4,793,507

40 Kemmerer Mine/Chevron Mining Inc. Surface Wyoming 4,760,173

41 Buchanan Mine #1/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Virginia 4,682,491

42 Mountaineer Mine/Mingo Logan Coal Company Underground West Virginia 4,606,245

43 South Hallsville No. 1 Mine/Sabine Mining Company Surface Texas 4,568,991

44 Blacksville No. 2/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 4,507,606

45 Bull Mountains Mine No. 1/Signal Peak Energy Llc Underground Montana 4,388,852

46 Jewett Mine/Texas Westmoreland Coal Co. Surface Texas 4,170,923

47 Beckville Strip/Luminant Mining Company Llc Surface Texas 4,122,901

48 Red Hills Mine/Mississippi Lignite Mining Company Surface Mississippi 4,003,505

 

 Subtotal 673,672,015

 All Other Mines 410,696,133

 

 U.S. Total 1,084,368,148 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Major mines are mines that produced more than 4 million short tons in 2010. The company is the firm operating the mine. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 25

Table 10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2010 

Rank Controlling Company Name Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Percent of 

Total Production 

1 Peabody Energy Corporation 191,943 17.7

2 Arch Coal Inc. 173,295 16.0

3 Cloud Peak Energy 93,734 8.6

4 Alpha Natural Resources Llc 80,681 7.4

5 CONSOL Energy Inc. 61,294 5.7

6 Alpha Appalachia Holdings Inc. 37,793 3.5

7 NACCO Industries Inc. 30,763 2.8

8 Peter Kiewit Sons Inc. 30,697 2.8

9 Alliance Resource Operating Partners Lp 28,876 2.7

10 Energy Future Holdings Corp. 27,731 2.6

11 Patriot Coal Corp. 27,058 2.5

12 Westmoreland Coal Co. 25,117 2.3

13 Murray Energy Corp. 24,896 2.3

14 BHP Billiton Ltd. 12,742 1.2

15 James River Coal Co. 10,574 1.0

16 PacifiCorp. 8,768 0.8

17 Rosebud Mining Co. 8,766 0.8

18 Walter Energy Inc. 8,270 0.8

19 Cline Group (The) 6,981 0.6

20 Level 3 Communications 6,096 0.6

21 Black Hills Corp. 5,931 0.5

22 Booth Energy Group 5,888 0.5

23 TECO Energy Inc. 5,871 0.5

24 Trinity Coal Corp. 5,727 0.5

25 Armstrong Energy Inc. 5,645 0.5

26 Western Fuels Association Inc. 5,448 0.5

 

 Subtotal 930,583 85.8

 All Other Coal Producers 153,785 14.2

 

 U.S. Total 1,084,368 100.0 

 Note: • Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 5 million short tons in 2010. A controlling company of a mine is defined as the company "controlling the 

coal, particularly the sale of the coal." Most often, but not always, this is the owner of the mine. 

 Source: • Velocity Suite, Ventyx 2011 and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production 

Report." 
26 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 27

Productive Capacity 
28 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2010, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

2010 2009 Percent Change 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama ........................................ 16,373 8,692 25,064 16,398 10,021 26,419 -0.2 -13.3 -5.1

Alaska ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ........................................ W - W - - - W - W

Colorado ........................................ W W 39,326 W W 39,336 W W *

Illinois ........................................... 39,876 7,990 47,866 38,184 8,153 46,337 4.4 -2.0 3.3

Indiana ........................................... 16,577 28,690 45,267 15,027 31,587 46,614 10.3 -9.2 -2.9

Kansas ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total.............................. 84,183 56,936 141,120 81,739 59,407 141,146 3.0 -4.2 *

 Eastern ......................................... 44,805 43,903 88,708 50,898 50,411 101,309 -12.0 -12.9 -12.4

 Western ....................................... 39,379 13,033 52,412 30,841 8,996 39,837 27.7 44.9 31.6

Louisiana ....................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland ....................................... W W 2,981 W W 2,593 W W 15.0

Mississippi .................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri ........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana ........................................ W W 57,879 W W 56,643 W W 2.2

New Mexico .................................. W W 27,300 W W 29,108 W W -6.2

North Dakota ................................. - 32,900 32,900 - 32,900 32,900 - - -

Ohio ............................................... 20,316 21,289 41,605 19,811 22,300 42,111 2.5 -4.5 -1.2

Oklahoma ...................................... W W 1,657 W W 1,727 W W -4.1

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 53,566 15,487 69,053 55,566 14,606 70,172 -3.6 6.0 -1.6

 Anthracite .................................... W W 2,493 268 2,415 2,683 W W -7.1

 Bituminous .................................. W W 66,559 55,298 12,191 67,489 W W -1.4

Tennessee ...................................... 521 1,622 2,143 1,009 1,777 2,786 -48.4 -8.7 -23.1

Texas ............................................. - 42,631 42,631 - 37,532 37,532 - 13.6 13.6

Utah ............................................... 23,332 - 23,332 24,533 - 24,533 -4.9 - -4.9

Virginia ......................................... 15,861 12,661 28,522 16,794 12,375 29,169 -5.6 2.3 -2.2

West Virginia Total ...................... 113,765 64,376 178,142 114,744 84,079 198,822 -0.9 -23.4 -10.4

 Northern ...................................... 43,016 5,090 48,106 38,693 8,433 47,126 11.2 -39.6 2.1

 Southern ...................................... 70,750 59,286 130,036 76,050 75,646 151,696 -7.0 -21.6 -14.3

Wyoming ....................................... W W 501,125 W W 547,360 W W -8.4

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 440,850 887,232 1,328,083 439,601 955,896 1,395,497 0.3 -7.2 -4.8 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation 

Report." Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 29

Table 12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2010, 2009 

 (Percent) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

2010 2009 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama ......................................................... 76.43 85.14 79.45 70.16 72.73 71.13

Alaska ............................................................ - W W - W W

Arizona ........................................................... - W W - W W

Arkansas ......................................................... W - W - - -

Colorado ......................................................... W W 63.98 W W 71.85

Illinois ............................................................ 70.93 61.96 69.44 74.39 65.52 72.83

Indiana ............................................................ 86.19 72.02 77.21 85.16 72.37 76.49

Kansas ............................................................ - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................................... 75.94 71.61 74.20 77.20 73.99 75.85

 Eastern ......................................................... 76.61 76.26 76.44 72.94 74.03 73.48

 Western ....................................................... 75.18 55.96 70.40 84.24 73.76 81.88

Louisiana ........................................................ - W W - W W

Maryland ........................................................ W W 86.27 W W 87.52

Mississippi ..................................................... - W W - W W

Missouri ......................................................... - W W - W W

Montana ......................................................... W W 77.29 W W 69.71

New Mexico ................................................... W W 76.89 W W 86.31

North Dakota .................................................. - 87.99 87.99 - 91.02 91.02

Ohio ................................................................ 85.96 43.27 64.12 87.33 45.57 65.22

Oklahoma ....................................................... W W 60.22 W W 55.33

Pennsylvania Total ......................................... 88.91 68.58 84.35 87.54 61.71 82.16

 Anthracite .................................................... W W 63.90 58.58 61.14 60.89

 Bituminous .................................................. W W 85.12 87.68 61.82 83.01

Tennessee ....................................................... 104.75 74.75 82.04 82.50 64.77 71.19

Texas .............................................................. - 96.13 96.13 - 93.50 93.50

Utah ................................................................ 82.94 - 82.94 88.52 - 88.52

Virginia .......................................................... 89.16 64.70 78.30 77.02 65.12 71.97

West Virginia Total ....................................... 74.29 78.58 75.84 70.46 66.82 68.92

 Northern ...................................................... 86.70 78.35 85.82 85.67 62.09 81.45

 Southern ...................................................... 66.75 78.60 72.15 62.72 67.34 65.03

Wyoming ........................................................ W W 88.31 W W 78.76

 

U.S. Total ....................................................... 76.44 83.93 81.45 75.50 77.36 76.78 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Capacity utilization is the ratio of annual production to annual productive capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide 

data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety 

and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
30 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 

2010 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Alabama ......................................... W W - - W W 16,373 76.43

Arkansas ......................................... W W - - - - W W

Colorado ......................................... W W - - W W W W

Illinois ............................................ 18,376 74.14 W W W W 39,876 70.93

Indiana ............................................ 16,577 86.19 - - - - 16,577 86.19

Kentucky Total............................... W W W W - - 84,183 75.94

 Eastern .......................................... W W W W - - 44,805 76.61

 Western ........................................ W W - - - - 39,379 75.18

Maryland ........................................ W W - - - - W W

Montana ......................................... - - - - W W W W

New Mexico ................................... - - - - W W W W

Ohio ................................................ W W - - W W 20,316 85.96

Oklahoma ....................................... W W - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ......................... W W - - W W 53,566 88.91

 Anthracite ..................................... W W - - - - W W

 Bituminous ................................... W W - - W W W W

Tennessee ....................................... 521 104.75 - - - - 521 104.75

Utah ................................................ W W - - W W 23,332 82.94

Virginia .......................................... W W - - W W 15,861 89.16

West Virginia Total ....................... 66,595 66.80 - - 47,171 84.86 113,765 74.29

 Northern ....................................... 9,037 64.18 - - 33,978 92.69 43,016 86.70

 Southern ....................................... 57,557 67.22 - - 13,192 64.69 70,750 66.75

Wyoming ........................................ - - - - W W W W

 

U.S. Total ...................................... 222,129 73.54 5,352 85.89 213,368 79.22 440,850 76.44 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or 

a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity. 

Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and recovery operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety 

and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 31

Recoverable Reserves 
32 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2010, 2009 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

2010 2009 Percent Change 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama ............................................... 305 55.64 286 57.44 6.5

Alaska .................................................. W W W W W

Arizona ................................................. W W W W W

Arkansas ............................................... - - - - -

Colorado ............................................... 253 68.51 314 68.81 -19.3

Illinois .................................................. 1,559 60.38 1,244 60.55 25.3

Indiana .................................................. 672 67.45 403 66.04 66.8

Kansas .................................................. W W W W W

Kentucky Total..................................... 1,370 56.46 1,303 56.95 5.1

 Eastern ................................................ 786 52.73 759 55.88 3.5

 Western .............................................. 584 61.47 544 58.45 7.4

Louisiana .............................................. W W W W W

Maryland .............................................. 16 71.82 20 71.87 -16.6

Mississippi ........................................... W W W W W

Missouri ............................................... W W W W W

Montana ............................................... 894 88.24 855 86.70 4.6

New Mexico ......................................... 340 92.12 380 92.82 -10.6

North Dakota ........................................ 1,229 90.34 1,208 90.60 1.7

Ohio ...................................................... 268 64.66 291 65.71 -7.8

Oklahoma ............................................. 24 65.49 94 57.83 -74.4

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 571 70.51 553 70.79 3.4

 Anthracite ........................................... 39 72.41 38 78.45 3.3

 Bituminous ......................................... 532 70.38 515 70.22 3.4

Tennessee ............................................. 6 65.47 13 71.17 -55.2

Texas .................................................... 738 92.93 775 90.72 -4.7

Utah ...................................................... 210 55.39 201 57.51 4.6

Virginia ................................................ 337 54.56 294 54.76 14.7

Washington .......................................... - - - - -

West Virginia Total ............................. 1,972 54.45 1,738 57.31 13.4

 Northern ............................................. 355 59.68 294 60.80 20.9

 Southern ............................................. 1,617 53.30 1,444 56.60 11.9

Wyoming .............................................. 6,610 91.68 6,917 91.34 -4.4

 

U.S. Total ............................................ 17,937 77.80 17,474 79.03 2.7 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage 

represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less 

than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 33

Table 15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated 

Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2010 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Resource 

State 

Underground - Minable Coal Surface - Minable Coal Total 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable 

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Alabama ........................................ 269 449 890 36 2,243 3,149 305 2,692 4,039

Alaska ........................................... - 2,335 5,423 W 491 677 W 2,825 6,100

Arizona .......................................... - - - W - - W - -

Arkansas ........................................ - 127 272 - 101 144 - 228 416

Colorado ........................................ W 5,865 11,175 W 3,745 4,759 253 9,609 15,935

Georgia .......................................... - 1 2 - 1 2 - 2 4

Idaho ............................................. - 2 4 - - - - 2 4

Illinois ........................................... 1,535 27,840 87,644 24 10,052 16,516 1,559 37,892 104,160

Indiana ........................................... 309 3,570 8,620 363 349 597 672 3,919 9,217

Iowa ............................................... - 807 1,732 - 320 457 - 1,127 2,189

Kansas ........................................... - - - W 680 971 W 680 971

Kentucky Total.............................. 1,109 7,067 16,377 261 7,321 12,678 1,370 14,388 29,055

 Eastern ......................................... 601 424 759 185 5,072 9,082 786 5,496 9,841

 Western ....................................... 508 6,643 15,618 76 2,249 3,596 584 8,892 19,214

Louisiana ....................................... - - - W 295 398 W 295 398

Maryland ....................................... W 311 567 W 36 53 16 346 620

Michigan ....................................... - 55 123 - 3 5 - 59 128

Mississippi .................................... - - - W - - W - -

Missouri ........................................ - 689 1,479 W 3,156 4,508 W 3,845 5,987

Montana ........................................ W 35,917 70,946 W 38,808 48,012 894 74,724 118,958

New Mexico .................................. W 2,771 6,091 W 4,110 5,863 340 6,881 11,954

North Carolina .............................. - 5 11 - - - - 5 11

North Dakota ................................. - - - 1,229 6,764 8,867 1,229 6,764 8,867

Ohio ............................................... 194 7,646 17,380 74 3,731 5,700 268 11,378 23,080

Oklahoma ...................................... W 571 1,227 W 222 317 24 793 1,544

Oregon ........................................... - 6 15 - 2 3 - 9 17

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 454 10,435 22,707 117 1,001 4,182 571 11,436 26,889

 Anthracite .................................... W 340 3,842 W 419 3,347 39 759 7,188

 Bituminous .................................. W 10,096 18,865 W 582 835 532 10,678 19,701

South Dakota ................................. - - - - 277 366 - 277 366

Tennessee ...................................... W 275 502 W 173 255 6 448 757

Texas ............................................. - - - 738 9,339 12,132 738 9,339 12,132

Utah ............................................... 210 2,401 4,897 - 212 268 210 2,612 5,164

Virginia ......................................... 281 548 976 56 171 505 337 719 1,481

Washington ................................... - 674 1,332 - 6 8 - 681 1,340

West Virginia Total ...................... 1,469 15,124 28,338 503 2,135 3,385 1,972 17,259 31,723

 Northern ...................................... 341 NA NA 14 NA NA 355 NA NA

 Southern ...................................... 1,128 NA NA 489 NA NA 1,617 NA NA

Wyoming ....................................... W 22,935 42,472 W 15,349 18,535 6,610 38,284 61,007

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 6,452 148,427 331,202 11,485 111,091 153,309 17,937 259,518 484,511 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 NA = Not Available. 

 Notes: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. • EIA's 

estimated recoverable reserves include the coal in the demonstrated reserve base considered recoverable after excluding coal estimated to be unavailable due to land use restrictions or 

currently economically unattractive for mining, and after applying assumed mining recovery rates; see Glossary for criteria. • The effective date for the demonstrated reserve base, as 

customarily worded, is "Remaining as of January 1, 2010." These data are contemporaneous with the Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines, customarily presented as of the end of 

the past year's mining, that is in this case, December 31, 2009. • The demonstrated reserve base includes publicly available data on coal mapped to measured and indicated degrees of 

accuracy and found at depths and in coalbed thicknesses considered technologically minable at the time of determinations; see Glossary for criteria. • All reserve expressions exclude 

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. • Reserves at Producing Mines exclude mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide 

reserves data. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," and EIA estimates. 
34 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by 

State and Mining Method, 2010 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama ......................................... W W - - W W 269 51.22

Colorado ......................................... W W - - W W 213 64.50

Illinois ............................................ 257 54.26 W W W W1,535 60.04

Indiana ............................................ 309 53.71 - - - - 309 53.71

Kentucky Total............................... W W W W - - 1,109 50.20

 Eastern .......................................... W W W W - - 601 43.85

 Western ........................................ W W - - - - 508 57.71

Maryland ........................................ W W - - - - W W

Montana ......................................... - - - - W W W W

New Mexico ................................... - - - - W W W W

Ohio ................................................ W W - - W W 194 58.36

Oklahoma ....................................... W W - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ......................... W W - - W W 441 67.80

 Anthracite ..................................... W W - - - - W W

 Bituminous ................................... W W - - W W W W

Tennessee ....................................... W W - - - - W W

Utah ................................................ W W - - W W 210 55.39

Virginia .......................................... W W - - W W 281 49.29

West Virginia Total ....................... 1,079 48.03 - - 390 52.45 1,469 49.21

 Northern ....................................... 185 53.55 - - 155 65.81 341 59.14

 Southern ....................................... 893 46.89 - - 235 43.60 1,128 46.21

Wyoming ........................................ - - - - W W W W

 

U.S. Total ...................................... 3,231 50.49 62 58.87 3,146 61.91 6,439 56.15 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or 

a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average 

recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes 

mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 35

Table 17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production 

Range and Mine Type, 2010 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) 

Underground Surface Total 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Over 1,000 ................................................... 3,995 59.92 10,735 90.61 14,729 82.29

500 to 1,000 ................................................ 1,234 51.71 224 81.14 1,458 56.23

200 to 500 ................................................... 682 47.79 288 83.17 970 58.30

100 to 200 ................................................... 338 49.95 78 79.12 416 55.41

50 to 100 ..................................................... 68 49.54 82 79.83 150 66.13

10 to 50 ....................................................... 122 45.44 79 73.68 201 56.52

 

U.S. Total ................................................... 6,452 56.14 11,485 89.97 17,937 77.80 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average 

recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes 

mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
36 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 37

Employment 
38 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2010, 2009 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

2010 2009 Percent Change 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama ........................................ 2,970 1,371 4,341 2,655 1,603 4,258 11.9 -14.5 1.9

Alaska ........................................... - 127 127 - 119 119 - 6.7 6.7

Arizona .......................................... - 422 422 - 425 425 - -0.7 -0.7

Arkansas ........................................ 27 2 29 16 2 18 68.8 - 61.1

Colorado ........................................ 1,758 489 2,247 1,916 529 2,445 -8.2 -7.6 -8.1

Illinois ........................................... 3,183 466 3,649 3,068 480 3,548 3.7 -2.9 2.8

Indiana ........................................... 1,713 1,629 3,342 1,695 1,740 3,435 1.1 -6.4 -2.7

Kansas ........................................... - 36 36 - 31 31 - 16.1 16.1

Kentucky Total.............................. 11,734 6,232 17,966 12,043 6,807 18,850 -2.6 -8.4 -4.7

 Eastern ......................................... 8,394 5,480 13,874 8,959 6,188 15,147 -6.3 -11.4 -8.4

 Western ....................................... 3,340 752 4,092 3,084 619 3,703 8.3 21.5 10.5

Louisiana ....................................... - 261 261 - 263 263 - -0.8 -0.8

Maryland ....................................... 149 273 422 108 280 388 38.0 -2.5 8.8

Mississippi .................................... - 232 232 - 200 200 - 16.0 16.0

Missouri ........................................ - 23 23 - 23 23 - - -

Montana ........................................ 242 964 1,206 155 978 1,133 56.1 -1.4 6.4

New Mexico .................................. 463 806 1,269 462 960 1,422 0.2 -16.0 -10.8

North Dakota ................................. - 1,114 1,114 - 1,037 1,037 - 7.4 7.4

Ohio ............................................... 1,738 1,088 2,826 1,731 1,276 3,007 0.4 -14.7 -6.0

Oklahoma ...................................... 72 145 217 52 208 260 38.5 -30.3 -16.5

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 5,574 2,694 8,268 5,558 2,523 8,081 0.3 6.8 2.3

 Anthracite .................................... 133 795 928 168 773 941 -20.8 2.8 -1.4

 Bituminous .................................. 5,441 1,899 7,340 5,390 1,750 7,140 0.9 8.5 2.8

Tennessee ...................................... 202 344 546 366 415 781 -44.8 -17.1 -30.1

Texas ............................................. - 2,787 2,787 - 2,506 2,506 - 11.2 11.2

Utah ............................................... 1,814 8 1,822 1,985 6 1,991 -8.6 33.3 -8.5

Virginia ......................................... 3,527 1,430 4,957 3,211 1,435 4,646 9.8 -0.3 6.7

Washington ................................... - - - - - - - - -

West Virginia Total ...................... 15,136 5,955 21,091 14,842 6,829 21,671 2.0 -12.8 -2.7

 Northern ...................................... 4,570 490 5,060 4,276 633 4,909 6.9 -22.6 3.1

 Southern ...................................... 10,566 5,465 16,031 10,566 6,196 16,762 - -11.8 -4.4

Wyoming ....................................... 213 6,644 6,857 237 6,817 7,054 -10.1 -2.5 -2.8

 

Appalachian Total ....................... 37,690 18,635 56,325 37,430 20,549 57,979 0.7 -9.3 -2.9

 Northern ..................................... 12,031 4,545 16,576 11,673 4,712 16,385 3.1 -3.5 1.2

 Central ........................................ 22,689 12,719 35,408 23,101 14,233 37,334 -1.8 -10.6 -5.2

 Southern ..................................... 2,970 1,371 4,341 2,656 1,604 4,260 11.8 -14.5 1.9

Interior Total ............................... 8,335 6,333 14,668 7,915 6,072 13,987 5.3 4.3 4.9

 Illinois Basin .............................. 8,236 2,847 11,083 7,847 2,839 10,686 5.0 0.3 3.7

Western Total .............................. 4,490 10,574 15,064 4,755 10,871 15,626 -5.6 -2.7 -3.6

 Powder River Basin ................... - 6,896 6,896 2 7,066 7,068 -100.0 -2.4 -2.4

 Uinta Region .............................. 3,505 471 3,976 3,813 507 4,320 -8.1 -7.1 -8.0

 

East of Miss. River ...................... 45,926 21,714 67,640 45,277 23,588 68,865 1.4 -7.9 -1.8

West of Miss. River ..................... 4,589 13,828 18,417 4,823 13,904 18,727 -4.9 -0.5 -1.7

 

 

U.S. Subtotal ................................ 50,515 35,542 86,057 50,100 37,492 87,592 0.8 -5.2 -1.8

 

Refuse Recovery .......................... - - 138 - - 163 - - -15.3

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 50,515 35,542 86,195 50,100 37,492 87,755 0.8 -5.2 -1.8 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 39

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 

2010 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, and Mine Type 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Total Number 

1,000 and of Employees

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero2

Alabama ....................................................... 2,442 658 625 179 250 77 6 104 4,341

 Underground ............................................. 2,441 389 - 26 30 24 - 60 2,970

 Surface ...................................................... 1 269 625 153 220 53 6 44 1,371

Alaska ........................................................... 127 - - - - - - - 127

 Surface ...................................................... 127 - - - - - - - 127

Arizona ......................................................... 422 - - - - - - - 422

 Surface ...................................................... 422 - - - - - - - 422

Arkansas ...................................................... - - - - - 27 2 - 29

 Underground ............................................. - - - - - 27 - - 27

 Surface ...................................................... - - - - - - 2 - 2

Colorado ....................................................... 2,121 56 26 27 - - - 17 2,247

 Underground ............................................. 1,658 56 - 27 - - - 17 1,758

 Surface ...................................................... 463 - 26 - - - - - 489

Illinois ........................................................... 2,769 524 101 58 - 24 2 171 3,649

 Underground ............................................. 2,539 432 78 4 - 24 - 106 3,183

 Surface ...................................................... 230 92 23 54 - - 2 65 466

Indiana ......................................................... 2,682 225 190 - 103 25 - 117 3,342

 Underground ............................................. 1,529 68 13 - - 19 - 84 1,713

 Surface ...................................................... 1,153 157 177 - 103 6 - 33 1,629

Kansas .......................................................... - - - 36 - - - - 36

 Surface ...................................................... - - - 36 - - - - 36

Kentucky Total ............................................ 4,357 3,650 3,145 1,733 1,463 1,124 460 2,034 17,966

 Underground ............................................. 3,470 2,807 1,475 1,127 867 536 167 1,285 11,734

 Surface ...................................................... 887 843 1,670 606 596 588 293 749 6,232

 Eastern ....................................................... 1,195 3,346 2,936 1,708 1,405 1,102 460 1,722 13,874

 Underground ............................................. 683 2,503 1,475 1,127 844 532 167 1,063 8,394

 Surface ...................................................... 512 843 1,461 581 561 570 293 659 5,480

 Western ...................................................... 3,162 304 209 25 58 22 - 312 4,092

 Underground ............................................. 2,787 304 - - 23 4 - 222 3,340

 Surface ...................................................... 375 - 209 25 35 18 - 90 752

Louisiana ...................................................... 251 - - - - 10 - - 261

 Surface ...................................................... 251 - - - - 10 - - 261

Maryland ..................................................... - - 252 16 48 46 14 46 422

 Underground ............................................. - - 103 - - - 4 42 149

 Surface ...................................................... - - 149 16 48 46 10 4 273

Mississippi .................................................... 232 - - - - - - - 232

 Surface ...................................................... 232 - - - - - - - 232

Missouri ....................................................... - - 10 13 - - - - 23

 Surface ...................................................... - - 10 13 - - - - 23

Montana ....................................................... 1,194 - 12 - - - - - 1,206

 Underground ............................................. 242 - - - - - - - 242

 Surface ...................................................... 952 - 12 - - - - - 964

New Mexico .................................................. 1,269 - - - - - - - 1,269

 Underground ............................................. 463 - - - - - - - 463

 Surface ...................................................... 806 - - - - - - - 806

North Dakota ............................................... 1,109 - - - - - - 5 1,114

 Surface ...................................................... 1,109 - - - - - - 5 1,114

Ohio .............................................................. 1,568 598 228 81 77 60 54 160 2,826

 Underground ............................................. 1,299 240 36 46 37 - - 80 1,738

 Surface ...................................................... 269 358 192 35 40 60 54 80 1,088

Oklahoma ..................................................... - - 108 65 - 31 13 - 217

 Underground ............................................. - - 29 43 - - - - 72

 Surface ...................................................... - - 79 22 - 31 13 - 145

Pennsylvania Total ...................................... 3,781 746 1,223 413 548 456 263 838 8,268

 Underground ............................................. 3,525 746 747 72 36 52 51 345 5,574

 Surface ...................................................... 256 - 476 341 512 404 212 493 2,694

 Anthracite .................................................. - - 36 - 224 185 88 395 928

 Underground ............................................. - - - - 36 1 51 45 133

 Surface ...................................................... - - 36 - 188 184 37 350 795

 Bituminous ................................................. 3,781 746 1,187 413 324 271 175 443 7,340

 Underground ............................................. 3,525 746 747 72 - 51 - 300 5,441

 Surface ...................................................... 256 - 440 341 324 220 175 143 1,899

Tennessee ..................................................... - - 63 251 93 29 41 69 546

 Underground ............................................. - - - 135 28 - 13 26 202

 Surface ...................................................... - - 63 116 65 29 28 43 344

Texas ............................................................. 2,614 173 - - - - - - 2,787

 Surface ...................................................... 2,614 173 - - - - - - 2,787

Utah .............................................................. 1,441 169 101 - 20 - - 91 1,822

 Underground ............................................. 1,441 169 101 - 20 - - 83 1,814

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
40 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 

2010 (Continued) 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

, and Mine Type 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Total Number 

1,000 and of Employees

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero 2

Utah (continued) 

 Surface ...................................................... - - - - - - - 8 8

Virginia ........................................................ 940 320 1,579 747 211 438 96 626 4,957

 Underground ............................................. 940 - 1,116 584 133 276 43 435 3,527

 Surface ...................................................... - 320 463 163 78 162 53 191 1,430

West Virginia Total .................................... 8,359 3,626 4,346 1,510 284 637 145 2,184 21,091

 Underground ............................................. 5,604 2,339 3,827 1,281 218 366 79 1,422 15,136

 Surface ...................................................... 2,755 1,287 519 229 66 271 66 762 5,955

 Northern ..................................................... 4,092 211 216 145 49 60 36 251 5,060

 Underground ............................................. 3,862 167 216 98 22 29 23 153 4,570

 Surface ...................................................... 230 44 - 47 27 31 13 98 490

 Southern ..................................................... 4,267 3,415 4,130 1,365 235 577 109 1,933 16,031

 Underground ............................................. 1,742 2,172 3,611 1,183 196 337 56 1,269 10,566

 Surface ...................................................... 2,525 1,243 519 182 39 240 53 664 5,465

Wyoming ...................................................... 6,821 - 18 - - 4 14 - 6,857

 Underground ............................................. 213 - - - - - - - 213

 Surface ...................................................... 6,608 - 18 - - 4 14 - 6,644

 

Appalachian Total ....................................... 18,285 9,294 11,252 4,905 2,916 2,845 1,079 5,749 56,325

 Underground ............................................. 14,492 6,217 7,304 3,271 1,326 1,250 357 3,473 37,690

 Surface ...................................................... 3,793 3,077 3,948 1,634 1,590 1,595 722 2,276 18,635

 Northern ..................................................... 9,441 1,555 1,919 655 722 622 367 1,295 16,576

 Underground ............................................. 8,686 1,153 1,102 216 95 81 78 620 12,031

 Surface ...................................................... 755 402 817 439 627 541 289 675 4,545

 Central ....................................................... 6,402 7,081 8,708 4,071 1,944 2,146 706 4,350 35,408

 Underground ............................................. 3,365 4,675 6,202 3,029 1,201 1,145 279 2,793 22,689

 Surface ...................................................... 3,037 2,406 2,506 1,042 743 1,001 427 1,557 12,719

 Southern ..................................................... 2,442 658 625 179 250 77 6 104 4,341

 Underground ............................................. 2,441 389 - 26 30 24 - 60 2,970

 Surface ...................................................... 1 269 625 153 220 53 6 44 1,371

Interior Total ............................................... 11,710 1,226 618 197 161 139 17 600 14,668

 Underground ............................................. 6,855 804 120 47 23 74 - 412 8,335

 Surface ...................................................... 4,855 422 498 150 138 65 17 188 6,333

 Illinois Basin .............................................. 8,613 1,053 500 83 161 71 2 600 11,083

 Underground ............................................. 6,855 804 91 4 23 47 - 412 8,236

 Surface ...................................................... 1,758 249 409 79 138 24 2 188 2,847

Western Total .............................................. 14,504 225 157 27 20 4 14 113 15,064

 Underground ............................................. 4,017 225 101 27 20 - - 100 4,490

 Surface ...................................................... 10,487 - 56 - - 4 14 13 10,574

 Powder River Basin .................................. 6,896 - - - - - - - 6,896

 Surface ...................................................... 6,896 - - - - - - - 6,896

 Uinta Region .............................................. 3,562 169 101 27 20 - - 97 3,976

 Underground ............................................. 3,099 169 101 27 20 - - 89 3,505

 Surface ...................................................... 463 - - - - - - 8 471

 

East of Miss. River ...................................... 27,130 10,347 11,752 4,988 3,077 2,916 1,081 6,349 67,640

 Underground ............................................. 21,347 7,021 7,395 3,275 1,349 1,297 357 3,885 45,926

 Surface ...................................................... 5,783 3,326 4,357 1,713 1,728 1,619 724 2,464 21,714

West of Miss. River ..................................... 17,369 398 275 141 20 72 29 113 18,417

 Underground ............................................. 4,017 225 130 70 20 27 - 100 4,589

 Surface ...................................................... 13,352 173 145 71 - 45 29 13 13,828

 

Subtotal ........................................................ 44,499 10,745 12,027 5,129 3,097 2,988 1,110 6,462 86,057

 Underground ............................................. 25,364 7,246 7,525 3,345 1,369 1,324 357 3,985 50,515

 Surface ...................................................... 19,135 3,499 4,502 1,784 1,728 1,664 753 2,477 35,542

 

Refuse Recovery .......................................... - - 36 15 19 37 31 - 138

 

U.S. Total .................................................... . 44,499 10,745 12,063 5,144 3,116 3,025 1,141 6,462 86,195

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office 

workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 41

Table 20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2010 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Union2 Nonunion2

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama ................................................ 2,866 31 104 1,351

Alaska ................................................... - 127 - -

Arizona .................................................. - 422 - -

Arkansas ................................................ - - 27 -

Colorado ................................................ 170 211 1,588 278

Illinois ................................................... 829 41 2,354 437

Indiana ................................................... - - 1,713 1,650

Kansas ................................................... - - - 36

Kentucky Total...................................... 615 145 10,952 5,820

 Eastern ................................................. 140 145 8,087 5,062

 Western ............................................... 475 - 2,865 758

Louisiana ............................................... - - - 261

Maryland ............................................... - - 145 263

Mississippi ............................................ - - - 232

Missouri ................................................ - - - 23

Montana ................................................ - 728 242 236

New Mexico .......................................... 463 447 - 359

North Dakota ......................................... - 279 - 835

Ohio ....................................................... 561 8 1,177 1,050

Oklahoma .............................................. - - 72 132

Pennsylvania Total ................................ 2,098 269 3,425 2,231

 Anthracite ............................................ - 208 82 552

 Bituminous .......................................... 2,098 61 3,343 1,679

Tennessee .............................................. - - 189 316

Texas ..................................................... - 1,798 - 989

Utah ....................................................... 502 - 1,312 8

Virginia ................................................. 335 36 3,149 1,341

West Virginia Total .............................. 4,771 1,181 10,286 4,715

 Northern .............................................. 3,134 - 1,413 477

 Southern .............................................. 1,637 1,181 8,873 4,238

Wyoming ............................................... 213 484 - 6,146

 

Appalachian Total ............................... 10,771 1,670 26,562 16,329

 Northern ............................................. 5,793 277 6,160 4,021

 Central ................................................ 2,112 1,362 20,298 10,957

 Southern ............................................. 2,866 31 104 1,351

Interior Total ....................................... 1,304 1,839 7,031 4,518

 Illinois Basin ...................................... 1,304 41 6,932 2,845

Western Total ...................................... 1,348 2,698 3,142 7,862

 Powder River Basin ........................... - 716 - 6,180

 Uinta Region ...................................... 672 185 2,833 286

 

East of Miss. River .............................. 12,075 1,711 33,494 19,406

West of Miss. River ............................. 1,348 4,496 3,241 9,303

 

U.S. Total ............................................. 13,423 6,207 36,735 28,709 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
42 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 43

Productivity 
44 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2010, 2009 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, and 

Mine Type 

Number of Mining Operations2

 Number of Employees3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons)4

2010 2009 Percent 

Change 2010 2009 Percent 

Change 2010 2009 Percent 

Change 

Alabama ....................................... 62 71 -12.7 4,341 4,258 1.9 1.93 1.98 -2.6

 Underground .............................. 12 12 - 2,970 2,655 11.9 1.78 1.87 -4.6

 Surface ....................................... 50 59 -15.3 1,371 1,603 -14.5 2.23 2.18 2.3

Alaska ........................................... 1 1 - 127 119 6.7 6.96 6.58 5.7

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 127 119 6.7 6.96 6.58 5.7

Arizona ......................................... 1 1 - 422 425 -0.7 7.84 7.47 5.0

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 422 425 -0.7 7.84 7.47 5.0

Arkansas ...................................... 2 2 - 29 18 61.1 0.49 0.13 262.3

 Underground .............................. 1 1 - 27 16 68.8 0.48 0.12 289.1

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 2 2 - 0.59 0.26 123.9

Colorado ....................................... 12 13 -7.7 2,247 2,445 -8.1 5.60 5.57 0.6

 Underground .............................. 9 10 -10.0 1,758 1,916 -8.2 5.76 5.56 3.5

 Surface ....................................... 3 3 - 489 529 -7.6 5.05 5.58 -9.6

Illinois ........................................... 34 32 6.3 3,649 3,548 2.8 4.22 4.14 2.0

 Underground .............................. 21 20 5.0 3,183 3,068 3.7 4.16 4.03 3.2

 Surface ....................................... 13 12 8.3 466 480 -2.9 4.59 4.82 -4.8

Indiana ......................................... 41 44 -6.8 3,342 3,435 -2.7 4.21 4.18 0.8

 Underground .............................. 13 12 8.3 1,713 1,695 1.1 3.40 3.07 10.8

 Surface ....................................... 28 32 -12.5 1,629 1,740 -6.4 5.04 5.24 -3.7

Kansas .......................................... 1 1 - 36 31 16.1 1.39 2.39 -41.7

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 36 31 16.1 1.39 2.39 -41.7

Kentucky Total ............................ 526 590 -10.8 17,966 18,850 -4.7 2.55 2.57 -0.9

 Underground .............................. 235 268 -12.3 11,734 12,043 -2.6 2.32 2.32 0.3

 Surface ....................................... 291 322 -9.6 6,232 6,807 -8.4 3.00 3.05 -1.6

 Eastern ....................................... 487 550 -11.5 13,874 15,147 -8.4 2.18 2.27 -4.2

 Underground .............................. 214 247 -13.4 8,394 8,959 -6.3 1.80 1.89 -5.0

 Surface ....................................... 273 303 -9.9 5,480 6,188 -11.4 2.78 2.84 -2.2

 Western ...................................... 39 40 -2.5 4,092 3,703 10.5 3.71 3.68 1.0

 Underground .............................. 21 21 - 3,340 3,084 8.3 3.53 3.42 3.1

 Surface ....................................... 18 19 -5.3 752 619 21.5 4.70 5.16 -9.0

Louisiana ...................................... 2 2 - 261 263 -0.8 7.23 6.69 8.1

 Surface ....................................... 2 2 - 261 263 -0.8 7.23 6.69 8.1

Maryland ..................................... 25 25 - 422 388 8.8 2.73 2.84 -3.7

 Underground .............................. 4 3 33.3 149 108 38.0 2.00 2.08 -4.0

 Surface ....................................... 21 22 -4.5 273 280 -2.5 3.14 3.15 -0.3

Mississippi .................................... 1 1 - 232 200 16.0 8.27 8.17 1.2

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 232 200 16.0 8.27 8.17 1.2

Missouri ....................................... 2 2 - 23 23 - 7.12 7.42 -4.1

 Surface ....................................... 2 2 - 23 23 - 7.12 7.42 -4.1

Montana ....................................... 6 6 - 1,206 1,133 6.4 17.12 16.78 2.0

 Underground .............................. 1 1 - 242 155 56.1 6.88 2.22 209.4

 Surface ....................................... 5 5 - 964 978 -1.4 20.42 19.31 5.7

New Mexico .................................. 4 5 -20.0 1,269 1,422 -10.8 8.55 9.01 -5.1

 Underground .............................. 1 1 - 463 462 0.2 5.66 7.27 -22.2

 Surface ....................................... 3 4 -25.0 806 960 -16.0 10.15 9.83 3.2

North Dakota ............................... 5 5 - 1,114 1,037 7.4 13.39 14.86 -9.9

 Surface ....................................... 5 5 - 1,114 1,037 7.4 13.39 14.86 -9.9

Ohio .............................................. 60 62 -3.2 2,826 3,007 -6.0 3.96 3.96 *

 Underground .............................. 19 19 - 1,738 1,731 0.4 4.32 4.39 -1.5

 Surface ....................................... 41 43 -4.7 1,088 1,276 -14.7 3.42 3.40 0.6

Oklahoma ..................................... 10 10 - 217 260 -16.5 2.27 2.15 5.8

 Underground .............................. 2 1 100.0 72 52 38.5 2.75 2.79 -1.3

 Surface ....................................... 8 9 -11.1 145 208 -30.3 2.04 1.86 9.8

Pennsylvania Total ...................... 325 334 -2.7 8,268 8,081 2.3 3.19 3.36 -5.1

 Underground .............................. 74 84 -11.9 5,574 5,558 0.3 3.65 3.89 -6.2

 Surface ....................................... 251 250 0.4 2,694 2,523 6.8 2.05 1.96 4.9

 Anthracite .................................. 103 114 -9.6 928 941 -1.4 0.98 0.95 2.9

 Underground .............................. 20 26 -23.1 133 168 -20.8 0.60 0.54 11.1

 Surface ....................................... 83 88 -5.7 795 773 2.8 1.04 1.04 -0.4

 Bituminous ................................. 222 220 0.9 7,340 7,140 2.8 3.42 3.64 -6.1

 Underground .............................. 54 58 -6.9 5,441 5,390 0.9 3.70 3.98 -6.9

 Surface ....................................... 168 162 3.7 1,899 1,750 8.5 2.45 2.37 3.3

Tennessee ..................................... 27 36 -25.0 546 781 -30.1 1.47 1.35 8.5

 Underground .............................. 8 13 -38.5 202 366 -44.8 1.25 1.26 -0.6

 Surface ....................................... 19 23 -17.4 344 415 -17.1 1.59 1.43 11.3

Texas ............................................. 12 12 - 2,787 2,506 11.2 6.81 6.38 6.8

 Surface ....................................... 12 12 - 2,787 2,506 11.2 6.81 6.38 6.8

Utah .............................................. 15 15 - 1,822 1,991 -8.5 5.04 5.37 -6.1

 Underground .............................. 14 14 - 1,814 1,985 -8.6 5.07 5.39 -6.0

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 45

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2010, 2009 (Continued) 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

 , 

and Mine Type 

Number of Mining Operations 2

 Number of Employees 3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons) 4

2010 2009 Percent 

Change 2010 2009 Percent 

Change 2010 2009 Percent 

Change 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface ....................................... 1 1 - 8 6 33.3 - - -

Virginia ........................................ 149 145 2.8 4,957 4,646 6.7 2.01 2.10 -4.5

 Underground .............................. 85 75 13.3 3,527 3,211 9.8 1.77 1.90 -6.8

 Surface ....................................... 64 70 -8.6 1,430 1,435 -0.3 2.61 2.53 3.2

West Virginia Total .................... 380 416 -8.7 21,091 21,671 -2.7 2.70 2.87 -6.1

 Underground .............................. 221 243 -9.1 15,136 14,842 2.0 2.38 2.51 -5.0

 Surface ....................................... 159 173 -8.1 5,955 6,829 -12.8 3.46 3.63 -4.7

 Northern ..................................... 46 57 -19.3 5,060 4,909 3.1 3.52 3.50 0.6

 Underground .............................. 25 31 -19.4 4,570 4,276 6.9 3.50 3.41 2.6

 Surface ....................................... 21 26 -19.2 490 633 -22.6 3.69 4.15 -11.2

 Southern ..................................... 334 359 -7.0 16,031 16,762 -4.4 2.45 2.69 -8.9

 Underground .............................. 196 212 -7.5 10,566 10,566 - 1.90 2.12 -10.1

 Surface ....................................... 138 147 -6.1 5,465 6,196 -11.8 3.44 3.59 -4.0

Wyoming ...................................... 19 22 -13.6 6,857 7,054 -2.8 30.81 29.74 3.6

 Underground .............................. 1 2 -50.0 213 237 -10.1 7.14 6.14 16.4

 Surface ....................................... 18 20 -10.0 6,644 6,817 -2.5 31.72 30.70 3.3

 

Appalachian Total ....................... 1,515 1,639 -7.6 56,325 57,979 -2.9 2.58 2.70 -4.5

 Underground .............................. 637 696 -8.5 37,690 37,430 0.7 2.42 2.55 -5.0

 Surface ....................................... 878 943 -6.9 18,635 20,549 -9.3 2.89 2.97 -2.5

 Northern ..................................... 456 478 -4.6 16,576 16,385 1.2 3.42 3.50 -2.5

 Underground .............................. 122 137 -10.9 12,031 11,673 3.1 3.67 3.77 -2.7

 Surface ....................................... 334 341 -2.1 4,545 4,712 -3.5 2.68 2.77 -3.1

 Central ....................................... 997 1,088 -8.4 35,408 37,334 -5.2 2.27 2.42 -6.3

 Underground .............................. 503 546 -7.9 22,689 23,101 -1.8 1.84 1.99 -7.4

 Surface ....................................... 494 542 -8.9 12,719 14,233 -10.6 3.03 3.11 -2.4

 Southern ..................................... 62 73 -15.1 4,341 4,260 1.9 1.93 1.98 -2.5

 Underground .............................. 12 13 -7.7 2,970 2,656 11.8 1.78 1.87 -4.5

 Surface ....................................... 50 60 -16.7 1,371 1,604 -14.5 2.23 2.17 2.4

Interior Total ............................... 144 146 -1.4 14,668 13,987 4.9 4.60 4.47 3.0

 Underground .............................. 58 55 5.5 8,335 7,915 5.3 3.70 3.56 4.0

 Surface ....................................... 86 91 -5.5 6,333 6,072 4.3 5.83 5.72 2.0

 Illinois Basin .............................. 114 116 -1.7 11,083 10,686 3.7 4.02 3.99 0.8

 Underground .............................. 55 53 3.8 8,236 7,847 5.0 3.72 3.57 4.2

 Surface ....................................... 59 63 -6.3 2,847 2,839 0.3 4.89 5.15 -5.1

Western Total .............................. 63 68 -7.4 15,064 15,626 -3.6 18.95 18.25 3.8

 Underground .............................. 26 28 -7.1 4,490 4,755 -5.6 5.62 5.56 1.1

 Surface ....................................... 37 40 -7.5 10,574 10,871 -2.7 24.65 23.86 3.3

 Powder River Basin .................. 16 19 -15.8 6,896 7,068 -2.4 32.59 31.46 3.6

 Underground .............................. - 1 -100.0 - 2 -100.0 - - -

 Surface ....................................... 16 18 -11.1 6,896 7,066 -2.4 32.59 31.47 3.6

 Uinta Region .............................. 24 24 - 3,976 4,320 -8.0 5.36 5.49 -2.4

 Underground .............................. 21 21 - 3,505 3,813 -8.1 5.43 5.50 -1.3

 Surface ....................................... 3 3 - 471 507 -7.1 4.89 5.43 -10.0

 

East of Miss. River ...................... 1,630 1,756 -7.2 67,640 68,865 -1.8 2.83 2.93 -3.2

 Underground .............................. 692 749 -7.6 45,926 45,277 1.4 2.66 2.74 -3.0

 Surface ....................................... 938 1,007 -6.9 21,714 23,588 -7.9 3.21 3.30 -2.5

West of Miss. River ..................... 92 97 -5.2 18,417 18,727 -1.7 16.60 16.15 2.8

 Underground .............................. 29 30 -3.3 4,589 4,823 -4.9 5.54 5.51 0.7

 Surface ....................................... 63 67 -6.0 13,828 13,904 -0.5 20.25 19.85 2.0

 

Subtotal ........................................ 1,722 1,853 -7.1 86,057 87,592 -1.8 5.55 5.60 -1.0

 Underground .............................. 721 779 -7.4 50,515 50,100 0.8 2.89 2.99 -3.2

 Surface ....................................... 1,001 1,074 -6.8 35,542 37,492 -5.2 9.47 9.22 2.7

 

Refuse Recovery .......................... 28 32 -12.5 138 163 -15.3 8.15 9.60 -15.1

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 1 ,750 1,885 -7.2 86,195 87,755 -1.8 5.55 5.61 -1.1

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant or preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal are reported as two operations. 3

 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 4

 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair 

shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
46 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2010 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2 Conventional and 

Other3 Longwall4

 Total 

Alabama ................................................... 0.92 - 1.81 1.78

Arkansas ................................................... 0.48 - - 0.48

Colorado ................................................... 3.62 - 5.89 5.76

Illinois ...................................................... 3.48 3.80 5.59 4.19

Indiana ...................................................... 3.43 - - 3.43

Kentucky Total......................................... 2.33 2.33 - 2.33

 Eastern .................................................... 1.78 2.33 - 1.80

 Western .................................................. 3.53 - - 3.53

Maryland .................................................. 2.01 - - 2.01

Montana ................................................... - - 6.88 6.88

New Mexico ............................................. - - 5.66 5.66

Ohio .......................................................... 2.98 - 5.23 4.32

Oklahoma ................................................. 2.75 - - 2.75

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 2.66 - 4.19 3.66

 Anthracite ............................................... 0.58 - - 0.58

 Bituminous ............................................. 2.74 - 4.19 3.70

Tennessee ................................................. 1.27 - - 1.27

Utah .......................................................... 1.36 - 5.32 5.06

Virginia .................................................... 1.49 - 2.91 1.78

West Virginia Total ................................. 1.88 - 3.42 2.39

 Northern ................................................. 2.28 - 3.89 3.51

 Southern ................................................. 1.83 - 2.37 1.91

Wyoming .................................................. - - 7.14 7.14

Appalachian Total .................................. 1.89 2.33 3.39 2.43

 Northern ................................................ 2.59 - 4.19 3.68

 Central ................................................... 1.76 2.33 2.54 1.84

 Southern ................................................ 0.92 - 1.81 1.78

Interior Total .......................................... 3.47 3.80 5.59 3.72

 Illinois Basin ......................................... 3.49 3.80 5.59 3.74

Western Total ......................................... 2.35 - 5.78 5.62

 Powder River Basin .............................. - - - -

 Uinta Region ......................................... 1.72 - 5.60 5.43

East of Miss. River ................................. 2.26 2.95 3.54 2.67

West of Miss. River ................................ 2.26 - 5.78 5.54

U.S. Total ................................................ 2.26 2.95 4.01 2.90 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or 

a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

4

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand alone mines. Productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair 

shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee 

hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 47

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2010 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1, 

and Mine Type 

Mine Production Range 

(Thousand Short Tons) Total2

1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Alabama ....................................................... 1.98 1.66 2.43 1.97 1.86 1.12 1.65 1.93

 Underground ............................................. 1.98 1.02 - 1.79 1.02 0.23 - 1.78

 Surface ...................................................... - 2.42 2.43 2.00 1.99 1.81 1.65 2.23

Alaska ........................................................... 6.96 - - - - - - 6.96

 Surface ...................................................... 6.96 - - - - - - 6.96

Arizona ......................................................... 7.84 - - - - - - 7.84

 Surface ...................................................... 7.84 - - - - - - 7.84

Arkansas ...................................................... - - - - - 0.48 0.59 0.49

 Underground ............................................. - - - - - 0.48 - 0.48

 Surface ...................................................... - - - - - - 0.59 0.59

Colorado ....................................................... 5.70 3.95 6.38 3.18 - - - 5.60

 Underground ............................................. 5.92 3.95 - 3.18 - - - 5.76

 Surface ...................................................... 4.98 - 6.38 - - - - 5.05

Illinois ........................................................... 4.52 4.53 2.70 2.45 - 0.42 17.77 4.22

 Underground ............................................. 4.42 4.07 1.88 - - 0.42 - 4.16

 Surface ...................................................... 5.51 5.74 5.59 2.62 - - 17.77 4.59

Indiana ......................................................... 4.40 4.53 4.23 - 2.17 1.45 - 4.21

 Underground ............................................. 3.60 3.82 - - - 0.95 - 3.40

 Surface ...................................................... 5.44 4.74 4.51 - 2.17 2.14 - 5.04

Kansas .......................................................... - - - 1.39 - - - 1.39

 Surface ...................................................... - - - 1.39 - - - 1.39

Kentucky Total ............................................ 3.94 2.59 2.77 2.06 1.98 1.73 0.90 2.55

 Underground ............................................. 3.66 2.21 2.16 1.81 1.79 1.29 0.52 2.32

 Surface ...................................................... 5.03 3.80 3.32 2.50 2.24 2.12 1.16 3.00

 Eastern ....................................................... 3.23 2.63 2.70 2.05 1.99 1.71 0.90 2.18

 Underground ............................................. 2.39 2.23 2.16 1.81 1.81 1.31 0.52 1.80

 Surface ...................................................... 4.30 3.80 3.23 2.50 2.24 2.08 1.16 2.78

 Western ...................................................... 4.23 2.05 4.23 2.36 1.52 2.29 - 3.71

 Underground ............................................. 3.98 2.05 - - 1.20 - - 3.53

 Surface ...................................................... 6.15 - 4.23 2.36 2.14 3.01 - 4.70

Louisiana ...................................................... 7.30 - - - - 2.26 - 7.23

 Surface ...................................................... 7.30 - - - - 2.26 - 7.23

Maryland ..................................................... - - 3.38 3.51 2.18 2.31 0.79 2.73

 Underground ............................................. - - 2.82 - - - 1.33 2.00

 Surface ...................................................... - - 3.75 3.51 2.18 2.31 0.65 3.14

Mississippi .................................................... 8.27 - - - - - - 8.27

 Surface ...................................................... 8.27 - - - - - - 8.27

Missouri ....................................................... - - 9.68 5.09 - - - 7.12

 Surface ...................................................... - - 9.68 5.09 - - - 7.12

Montana ....................................................... 17.15 - 13.45 - - - - 17.12

 Underground ............................................. 6.88 - - - - - - 6.88

 Surface ...................................................... 20.51 - 13.45 - - - - 20.42

New Mexico .................................................. 8.55 - - - - - - 8.55

 Underground ............................................. 5.66 - - - - - - 5.66

 Surface ...................................................... 10.15 - - - - - - 10.15

North Dakota ............................................... 13.43 - - - - - - 13.39

 Surface ...................................................... 13.43 - - - - - - 13.39

Ohio .............................................................. 4.90 3.76 2.78 2.56 1.97 2.05 0.39 3.96

 Underground ............................................. 4.94 3.56 2.77 1.67 1.07 - - 4.32

 Surface ...................................................... 4.72 3.87 2.79 3.63 3.44 2.05 0.39 3.42

Oklahoma ..................................................... - - 2.35 2.32 - 1.67 1.36 2.27

 Underground ............................................. - - 2.98 2.47 - - - 2.75

 Surface ...................................................... - - 2.10 2.17 - 1.67 1.36 2.04

Pennsylvania Total ...................................... 4.24 2.94 3.17 2.47 2.01 2.14 1.18 3.19

 Underground ............................................. 4.34 2.94 2.92 2.80 1.20 0.77 0.70 3.65

 Surface ...................................................... 2.36 - 3.57 2.39 2.08 2.25 1.30 2.05

 Anthracite .................................................. - - 4.07 - 1.57 1.85 0.97 0.98

 Underground ............................................. - - - - 1.20 - 0.70 0.60

 Surface ...................................................... - - 4.07 - 1.65 1.86 1.22 1.04

 Bituminous ................................................. 4.24 2.94 3.14 2.47 2.29 2.32 1.33 3.42

 Underground ............................................. 4.34 2.94 2.92 2.80 - 0.80 - 3.70

 Surface ...................................................... 2.36 - 3.52 2.39 2.29 2.54 1.33 2.45

Tennessee ..................................................... - - 1.32 1.91 1.66 2.08 0.49 1.47

 Underground ............................................. - - - 1.50 1.58 - 0.72 1.25

 Surface ...................................................... - - 1.32 2.38 1.68 2.08 0.40 1.59

Texas ............................................................. 7.10 2.18 - - - - - 6.81

 Surface ...................................................... 7.10 2.18 - - - - - 6.81

Utah .............................................................. 5.87 2.89 1.34 - 1.51 - - 5.04

 Underground ............................................. 5.87 2.89 1.34 - 1.51 - - 5.07

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
48 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2010 (Continued) 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

, 

and Mine Type 

Mine Production Range 

(Thousand Short Tons) Total 2

1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface ...................................................... - - - - - - - -

Virginia ........................................................ 2.81 3.78 2.23 1.81 1.72 1.15 1.31 2.01

 Underground ............................................. 2.81 - 1.80 1.51 1.79 1.13 1.22 1.77

 Surface ...................................................... - 3.78 3.34 2.74 1.61 1.21 1.43 2.61

West Virginia Total .................................... 3.74 3.02 2.24 1.55 2.17 1.25 0.70 2.70

 Underground ............................................. 3.51 2.43 2.04 1.35 1.77 0.94 0.40 2.38

 Surface ...................................................... 4.17 4.00 3.60 2.65 3.49 1.95 0.91 3.46

 Northern ..................................................... 3.87 3.63 2.21 1.63 2.80 2.13 0.54 3.52

 Underground ............................................. 3.81 2.72 2.21 0.85 2.10 1.23 0.35 3.50

 Surface ...................................................... 4.81 7.45 - 3.23 3.48 2.58 0.73 3.69

 Southern ..................................................... 3.63 2.98 2.24 1.54 2.05 1.17 0.75 2.45

 Underground ............................................. 2.87 2.40 2.03 1.39 1.74 0.93 0.42 1.90

 Surface ...................................................... 4.11 3.90 3.60 2.53 3.50 1.81 0.97 3.44

Wyoming ...................................................... 30.93 - 10.38 - - 3.25 0.02 30.81

 Underground ............................................. 7.14 - - - - - - 7.14

 Surface ...................................................... 31.86 - 10.38 - - 3.25 0.02 31.72

 

Appalachian Total ....................................... 3.63 2.84 2.50 1.90 1.97 1.59 0.90 2.58

 Underground ............................................. 3.48 2.36 2.13 1.58 1.73 1.09 0.60 2.42

 Surface ...................................................... 4.15 3.76 3.17 2.51 2.15 2.02 1.02 2.89

 Northern ..................................................... 4.19 3.36 3.05 2.34 2.07 2.14 0.94 3.42

 Underground ............................................. 4.19 3.03 2.77 1.75 1.33 0.91 0.64 3.67

 Surface ...................................................... 4.15 4.19 3.41 2.62 2.19 2.25 1.00 2.68

 Central ....................................................... 3.44 2.85 2.39 1.82 1.95 1.42 0.86 2.27

 Underground ............................................. 2.76 2.31 2.02 1.57 1.79 1.13 0.59 1.84

 Surface ...................................................... 4.14 3.85 3.28 2.53 2.17 1.87 1.04 3.03

 Southern ..................................................... 1.98 1.66 2.43 1.97 1.86 1.12 1.65 1.93

 Underground ............................................. 1.98 1.02 - 1.79 1.02 0.23 - 1.78

 Surface ...................................................... - 2.42 2.43 2.00 1.99 1.81 1.65 2.23

Interior Total ............................................... 5.05 3.44 3.71 2.39 1.89 1.15 1.58 4.60

 Underground ............................................. 4.05 2.99 1.98 2.18 1.20 0.48 - 3.70

 Surface ...................................................... 6.56 4.07 4.16 2.43 2.16 2.27 1.58 5.83

 Illinois Basin .............................................. 4.37 3.64 3.91 2.42 1.89 1.30 17.77 4.02

 Underground ............................................. 4.05 2.99 1.59 - 1.20 0.48 - 3.72

 Surface ...................................................... 5.59 5.04 4.46 2.55 2.16 2.75 17.77 4.89

Western Total .............................................. 19.56 3.19 4.12 3.18 1.51 3.25 0.02 18.95

 Underground ............................................. 6.02 3.19 1.34 3.18 1.51 - - 5.62

 Surface ...................................................... 24.79 - 9.41 - - 3.25 0.02 24.65

 Powder River Basin .................................. 32.59 - - - - - - 32.59

 Surface ...................................................... 32.59 - - - - - - 32.59

 Uinta Region .............................................. 5.77 2.89 1.34 3.18 1.51 - - 5.36

 Underground ............................................. 5.89 2.89 1.34 3.18 1.51 - - 5.43

 Surface ...................................................... 4.98 - - - - - - 4.89

 

East of Miss. River ...................................... 3.90 2.91 2.56 1.91 1.97 1.58 0.90 2.83

 Underground ............................................. 3.67 2.41 2.12 1.58 1.72 1.07 0.60 2.66

 Surface ...................................................... 4.72 3.86 3.28 2.51 2.15 2.04 1.03 3.21

West of Miss. River ..................................... 17.43 2.76 3.57 2.53 1.51 1.13 0.38 16.60

 Underground ............................................. 6.02 3.19 1.80 2.82 1.51 0.48 - 5.54

 Surface ...................................................... 20.86 2.18 5.06 2.33 - 2.02 0.38 20.25

 

Subtotal ........................................................ 8.70 2.90 2.58 1.92 1.96 1.57 0.88 5.55

 Underground ............................................. 4.00 2.43 2.12 1.60 1.71 1.05 0.60 2.89

 Surface ...................................................... 15.29 3.80 3.33 2.50 2.15 2.04 0.99 9.47

 

Refuse Recovery .......................................... - - 9.40 15.95 9.59 5.54 0.86 8.15

 

U.S. Total .................................................... . 8.70 2.90 2.60 1.96 2.00 1.62 0.88 5.55

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, 

development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, 

which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 49

Table 24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2010 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Union Nonunion 

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama ................................................ 1.82 2.39 0.81 2.22

Alaska ................................................... - 6.96 - -

Arizona .................................................. - 7.84 - -

Arkansas ................................................ - - 0.48 -

Colorado ................................................ 5.06 5.73 5.83 4.53

Illinois ................................................... 2.40 - 4.77 4.95

Indiana ................................................... - - 3.40 5.04

Kansas ................................................... - - - 1.39

Kentucky Total...................................... 2.70 2.49 2.31 3.03

 Eastern ................................................. 1.09 2.49 1.82 2.81

 Western ............................................... 3.23 - 3.57 4.70

Louisiana ............................................... - - - 7.23

Maryland ............................................... - - 2.01 3.20

Mississippi ............................................ - - - 8.27

Missouri ................................................ - - - 7.12

Montana ................................................ - 14.06 6.88 40.17

New Mexico .......................................... 5.66 8.96 - 11.60

North Dakota ......................................... - 13.62 - 13.32

Ohio ....................................................... 4.92 - 4.04 3.49

Oklahoma .............................................. - - 2.75 2.06

Pennsylvania Total ................................ 3.14 1.08 3.97 2.21

 Anthracite ............................................ - 0.94 0.57 1.07

 Bituminous .......................................... 3.14 1.51 4.04 2.54

Tennessee .............................................. - - 1.27 1.64

Texas ..................................................... - 6.88 - 6.68

Utah ....................................................... 3.97 - 5.45 -

Virginia ................................................. 1.15 - 1.83 2.68

West Virginia Total .............................. 2.94 3.46 2.13 3.48

 Northern .............................................. 3.83 - 2.70 3.75

 Southern .............................................. 1.12 3.46 2.04 3.45

Wyoming ............................................... 7.14 6.99 - 33.65

 

Appalachian Total ............................... 2.71 2.94 2.31 2.91

 Northern ............................................. 3.69 1.05 3.67 2.84

 Central ................................................ 1.12 3.28 1.92 3.02

 Southern ............................................. 1.82 2.39 0.81 2.22

Interior Total ....................................... 2.71 6.75 3.87 5.48

 Illinois Basin ...................................... 2.71 - 3.89 4.95

Western Total ...................................... 5.26 9.85 5.77 29.74

 Powder River Basin ........................... - 14.07 - 34.70

 Uinta Region ...................................... 4.25 5.65 5.70 4.39

 

East of Miss. River .............................. 2.71 2.88 2.65 3.27

West of Miss. River ............................. 5.26 8.62 5.66 26.00

 

U.S. Total ............................................. 2.94 6.95 2.89 10.07 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, 

development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation 

plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
50 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 51

Domestic Markets 
52 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2010 

 Company Name Plant Location 

Top Ten Manufacturers

 Alcoa Inc (Aluminum Company of America) (IN)

 American Ordnance Llc (TN)

 Archer Daniels Midland (IA)(IL)(MN)(ND)(NE)

 Carmeuse Lime Inc. (AL)(IL)(IN)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)(TN)(VA)(WI)

 Dakota Gasification Company (ND)

 Eastman Chemical Company (TN)

 International Paper Co. (AL)(FL)(GA)(LA)(NC)(SC)(VA)

 Mittal Steel USA (IN)

NewPage Corporation (MD)(MI)(WI)

 TXU Generation Co. Lp (TX)

Other Major Manufacturers

 Amalgamated Sugar Co, Llc (ID)

 American Crystal Sugar Co. (MN)(ND)

 Ash Grove Cement Co. (AR)(KS)(MT)(NE)(OR)(TX)(UT)

 Blue Ridge Paper Prod Inc. (NC)

 Cargill Incorporated (GA)(IA)(MI)(NC)(NY)(OH)(TN)

 Catalyst Paper Company (AZ)

 Cemex Inc. (CA)(CO)(FL)(GA)(KY)(PA)(TN)

 Central Power & Lime Inc. (FL)

 Corn Products International Inc. (IL)(NC)

 Domtar Paper Company (AR)(NC)(PA)(WI)

 Duke Energy Generating Services (VA)

 Eastman Kodak Company (NY)

 FMC Corporation (WY)

 General Chemical Corporation (WY)

 Georgia-Pacific Llc (AL)(GA)(OK)(VA)(WI)

 Glatfelter Corp. (OH)(PA)

 Holcim (US) Inc. (AL)(CO)(IA)(MD)(MS)(NY)(SC)(UT)

 Kennecott Utah Copper (UT)

 Lafarge North America (AL)(IA)(IL)(KS)(MI)(MO)(NY)(OK)(PA)(SC)(WA)

 Lehigh Cement Co. (AL)(CA)(IA)(IN)(MD)(NY)(PA)

 Meadwestvaco Corporation (VA)

 Mississippi Lime Company (KY)(MO)

Norit Americas Inc. (OK)(TX)

 PPG Industries Inc. (WV)

 Searles Valley Minerals (CA)

 Silver Bay Power Company (MN)

 Smurfit Stone Container Corp. (FL)(SC)(VA)

 Solvay Chemicals Inc. (WY)

 TXI Operations, Lp (CA)(TX)

 Tate and Lyle Ingredients Americas Inc (IL)(IN)(TN)

Top Ten Coke Producers

 AK Steel Corp. (KY)(OH)

 DTE Energy Services (MI)(PA)

 Drummond Company Inc. (AL)

 Koppers Industries, Inc. (PA)

 Mittal Steel USA (IN)(OH)

 Mountain State Carbon (WV)

 SunCoke Energy, Inc. (IL)(IN)(OH)(VA)

 United States Steel Corporation (IL)(IN)(PA)

 Walter Coke, Inc. (AL)

 Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corporation (WV) 

 - = No data are reported. 

 Note: • Major manufactures are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. 

Manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration, Manufacturers: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing Plants;" and, Coke Plants: Form 

EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 53

Table 26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2010, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division 

and State 

2010 2009 Total 

Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Commercial

and 

Institutional

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Commercial 

and 

Institutional 

2010 2009 Percent 

Change 

New England......................... 6,164 W - - 6,330 W - - W W -2.3

 Connecticut ......................... 1,366 - - - 1,196 - - - 1,366 1,196 14.2

 Maine .................................. 54 W - - 34 W - - W W 36.3

 Massachusetts ..................... 3,497 W - - 3,892 W - - W W -9.6

 New Hampshire .................. 1,247 - - - 1,208 - - - 1,247 1,208 3.3

 Rhode Island ....................... - - - - - - - - - - -

 Vermont .............................. - - - - - - - - - - -

Middle Atlantic..................... 60,355 3,102 W W 57,501 2,967 W W 69,032 64,639 6.8

 New Jersey .......................... 3,082 - - - 2,541 - - - 3,082 2,541 21.3

 New York ............................ 6,384 792 W W 6,108 737 W W 7,367 7,032 4.8

 Pennsylvania ....................... 50,888 2,310 W 185 48,853 2,230 W 195 W W 6.4

East North Central ............... 224,252 12,807 10,952 W 216,744 11,464 7,849 W W W 5.0

 Illinois ................................. 55,382 3,392 W 171 53,670 2,895 W 178 W W 6.1

 Indiana ................................. 56,348 5,060 W 341 54,449 4,697 W 324 W W 4.7

 Michigan ............................. 34,976 1,139 W W 35,330 891 W W 37,779 37,427 0.9

 Ohio ..................................... 53,712 1,644 W 226 51,096 1,460 W 218 W W 6.2

 Wisconsin ............................ 23,833 1,572 - 112 22,199 1,519 - 110 25,517 23,829 7.1

West North Central ............. 146,462 13,050 - 563 144,305 11,751 - 575 160,076 156,632 2.2

 Iowa ..................................... 24,780 3,348 - 259 22,607 2,682 - W 28,386 W W

 Kansas ................................. 20,965 W - - 20,783 W - - W W 0.9

 Minnesota ............................ 16,582 1,298 - W 17,355 1,167 - W W W -3.5

 Missouri .............................. 44,692 768 - W 42,678 787 - W W W 4.6

 Nebraska ............................. 14,167 698 - - 14,183 392 - - 14,865 14,575 2.0

 North Dakota ....................... 23,113 W - W 24,593 W - 97 29,855 W W

 South Dakota ....................... 2,164 W - W 2,107 W - W 2,333 2,239 4.2

South Atlantic ....................... 159,617 W W 305 147,965 W W 346 169,991 157,297 8.1

 Delaware ............................. 1,230 - - - 1,352 W - - 1,230 W W

 District of Columbia ........... - - - W - - - W W W -83.7

 Florida ................................. 25,698 846 - - 23,467 933 - - 26,543 24,400 8.8

 Georgia ................................ 34,269 1,246 - W 32,785 1,045 - W W W 5.0

 Maryland ............................. 9,846 945 - W 9,805 909 - W W W 0.7

 North Carolina .................... 29,455 883 - 192 26,427 869 - 207 30,530 27,504 11.0

 South Carolina .................... 15,411 924 - W 14,071 896 - W W W 9.1

 Virginia ............................... 10,958 1,605 W 84 10,803 1,641 W 90 W W 0.8

 West Virginia ...................... 32,752 930 W - 29,255 764 W - W W 14.4

East South Central ............... 102,087 W W W 94,741 W W W 109,624 101,504 8.0

 Alabama .............................. 30,985 1,376 W - 27,583 1,341 W - W W 13.1

 Kentucky ............................. 41,891 1,181 W 44 39,271 1,026 W 48 W W 6.7

 Mississippi .......................... 8,589 W - - 8,424 W - - W W 2.1

 Tennessee ............................ 20,622 2,658 - W 19,462 2,525 - W W W 5.8

West South Central .............. 152,399 4,706 - W 147,082 1,776 - W W W 5.5

 Arkansas .............................. 16,537 W - - 14,994 298 - - W 15,292 W

 Louisiana ............................. 16,218 W - - 15,722 W - - W W 3.2

 Oklahoma ............................ 19,363 W - - 20,959 W - - W W -7.3

 Texas ................................... 100,281 3,745 - W 95,407 833 - W W W 8.1

Mountain ............................... 113,528 3,899 - W 110,025 3,528 - W W W 3.4

 Arizona ................................ 23,084 536 - - 20,762 431 - - 23,620 21,193 11.5

 Colorado .............................. 18,979 W - W 17,351 W - W 19,585 17,777 10.2

 Idaho ................................... - 416 - W - 414 - W W W 0.5

 Montana .............................. 12,005 W - W 10,151 W - W 12,087 10,221 18.3

 Nevada ................................ 3,588 W - - 3,822 W - - W W -4.9

 New Mexico ........................ 14,536 W - - 16,513 W - - W W -12.0

 Utah ..................................... 15,233 717 - - 15,925 718 - - 15,950 16,643 -4.2

 Wyoming ............................. 26,102 1,580 - W 25,501 1,553 - W W W 2.3

Pacific .................................... 10,188 1,701 - W 8,934 1,670 - W W W 11.6

 Alaska ................................. 410 4 - W 437 4 - W W W -1.6

 California ............................ 892 1,419 - - 879 1,330 - - 2,311 2,209 4.6

 Hawaii ................................. 742 W - - 790 W - - W W -8.5

 Oregon ................................. 2,417 W - - 1,854 W - - W W 29.3

 Washington ......................... 5,727 W - - 4,974 W - - W W 14.0

U.S. Total .............................. 975,052 52,082 21,092 3,081 933,627 45,314 15,326 3,210 1,051,307 997,478 5.4 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to 

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report," Form EIA-923, "Power Plant 

Operations Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke 

Plants," Form EIA-6A, "Coal Distribution Report," and Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report." 
54 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division and State, 2010, 2009 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Census Division 

and State 

2010 2009 Total 

Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Commercial

and 

Institutional

Producer 

and 

Distributor

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Commercial 

and 

Institutional 

Producer 

and 

Distributor 

2010 2009 Percent 

Change 

New England................... 873 W - - - 1,238 W - - - W W -28.2

 Connecticut .................. 86 - - - - 72 - - - - 86 72 19.8

 Maine ........................... - W - - - - W - - - W W -0.6

 Massachusetts .............. 425 W - - - 635 W - - - W W -31.9

 New Hampshire ........... 363 - - - - 532 - - - - 363 532 -31.8

 Rhode Island ................ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 Vermont ....................... - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Middle Atlantic............... 6,833 263 W W 2,237 6,898 344 W W 4,052 9,833 11,940 -17.6

 New Jersey ................... 460 - - - - 650 - - - - 460 650 -29.1

 New York ..................... 473 108 W W - 1,117 202 W W - 589 1,333 -55.8

 Pennsylvania ................ 5,900 155 W 44 2,237 5,132 142 W 39 4,052 W W -11.8

East North Central ......... 41,068 1,152 1,115 W 5,829 40,917 1,117 1,044 W 6,070 W W 0.1

 Illinois .......................... 7,865 175 W 41 2,318 8,754 175 W 35 2,064 W W -5.5

 Indiana .......................... 10,535 454 W 77 1,519 12,014 362 W 75 1,122 W W -7.3

 Michigan ...................... 6,852 252 W W 414 5,615 254 W W 325 7,969 6,716 18.6

 Ohio .............................. 9,127 68 W 31 684 9,594 87 W 27 2,011 W W -13.9

 Wisconsin ..................... 6,690 204 - 9 894 4,940 238 - 10 549 7,796 5,736 35.9

West North Central ....... 28,034 1,069 - 95 1,971 28,331 1,571 - 93 1,953 31,169 31,949 -2.4

 Iowa .............................. 6,150 479 - 68 140 6,999 691 - W 174 6,837 W W

 Kansas .......................... 3,639 W - - - 3,805 W - - - W W -5.1

 Minnesota ..................... 2,659 235 - W 116 2,933 292 - W 104 W W -9.8

 Missouri ....................... 9,342 80 - W 1 9,239 99 - W - W W 0.9

 Nebraska ...................... 4,114 77 - - - 3,326 317 - - - 4,191 3,643 15.0

 North Dakota ................ 1,816 W - W 1,714 1,754 W - 7 1,675 3,681 W W

 South Dakota ................ 315 W - W - 276 W - W - 344 294 17.2

South Atlantic ................. 32,123 W W 71 16,562 40,164 W W 87 15,060 49,589 56,082 -11.6

 Delaware ...................... 284 - - - - 650 - - - - 284 650 -56.3

 District of Columbia .... - - - W - - - - W - W W 31.8

 Florida .......................... 6,126 138 - - 2 5,499 110 - - - 6,266 5,609 11.7

 Georgia ......................... 5,959 135 - W - 8,958 104 - W - W W -32.7

 Maryland ...................... 1,640 30 - W 1,479 1,388 61 - W 571 W W 55.6

 North Carolina ............. 3,882 35 - 25 10 6,835 54 - 39 13 3,952 6,940 -43.1

 South Carolina ............. 6,401 139 - W 6 5,860 95 - W 3 W W 9.9

 Virginia ........................ 1,564 125 - 25 1,733 2,539 159 - 31 1,450 3,448 4,179 -17.5

 West Virginia ............... 6,266 65 W - 13,332 8,434 45 W - 13,024 W W -8.4

East South Central ......... 19,233 W W W 6,059 21,015 W W W 5,641 25,780 27,119 -4.9

 Alabama ....................... 5,574 113 W - 1,952 6,556 106 W - 1,465 W W -5.6

 Kentucky ...................... 8,546 50 W 15 3,377 9,112 70 W 11 3,853 W W -8.1

 Mississippi ................... 1,376 W - - 730 1,704 W - - 323 W W 3.8

 Tennessee ..................... 3,737 108 - W - 3,644 96 - W - W W 2.9

West South Central ........ 28,070 2,197 - W 2,347 27,857 443 - W 1,198 W W 10.6

 Arkansas ....................... 3,445 W - - - 1,922 57 - - - W 1,978 W

 Louisiana ...................... 1,909 W - - 1,478 3,605 W - - 237 W W -11.8

 Oklahoma ..................... 5,707 W - - - 5,434 W - - - W W 4.8

 Texas ............................ 17,009 1,955 - W 869 16,897 195 - W 962 W W 9.8

Mountain ......................... 17,620 497 - W 14,584 20,936 407 - W 13,601 W W -6.4

 Arizona ......................... 3,047 69 - - 1,097 4,329 59 - - 1,025 4,213 5,412 -22.2

 Colorado ....................... 3,419 W - W 1,785 4,593 W - W 1,386 5,221 6,039 -13.5

 Idaho ............................ - 248 - W - - 163 - W - W W 52.5

 Montana ....................... 717 W - W 840 731 W - W 627 1,568 1,371 14.4

 Nevada ......................... 1,137 W - - - 1,043 W - - - W W 9.6

 New Mexico ................. 947 W - - 6,338 884 W - - 7,280 W W -10.8

 Utah .............................. 4,866 24 - - 2,586 5,849 18 - - 1,933 7,477 7,800 -4.1

 Wyoming ...................... 3,487 111 - W 1,937 3,507 85 - W 1,351 W W 12.0

Pacific .............................. 1,063 180 - W 232 2,110 278 - W 142 W W -40.3

 Alaska .......................... 189 - - W 232 46 - - W 142 W W 91.2

 California ..................... 75 128 - - - 131 234 - - - 204 364 -44.1

 Hawaii .......................... 66 W - - - 100 W - - - W W -8.2

 Oregon .......................... 361 W - - - 705 W - - - W W -48.8

 Washington .................. 372 W - - - 1,129 W - - - W W -67.2

U.S. Total ........................ 174,917 6,350 1,925 552 49,820 189,467 5,109 1,957 529 47,718 233,565 244,779 -4.6 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to 

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal 

Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal 

Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants," Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and Form EIA-8A, "Coal Stocks Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 55

Average Mine Sales Price 
56 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 28. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2010, 2009 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State 

2010 2009 Percent Change 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama ........................................ 88.55 82.09 86.15 76.58 75.35 76.10 15.6 9.0 13.2

Alaska ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Colorado ........................................ W W 40.00 W W 36.71 W W 9.0

Illinois ........................................... 50.19 45.24 49.46 48.43 45.62 47.97 3.6 -0.8 3.1

Indiana ........................................... 49.00 38.91 43.03 48.74 33.27 38.70 0.5 17.0 11.2

Kansas ........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total.............................. 60.69 61.07 60.84 58.85 58.09 58.54 3.1 5.1 3.9

 Eastern ......................................... 74.25 66.91 70.67 70.95 62.56 66.77 4.6 7.0 5.8

 Western ....................................... 45.34 35.36 43.38 40.81 32.26 39.07 11.1 9.6 11.1

Louisiana ....................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland ....................................... W W 47.54 W W 37.65 W W 26.2

Mississippi .................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri ........................................ - W W - - W - W W

Montana ........................................ W W 15.12 W W 13.53 W W 11.7

New Mexico .................................. W W 30.67 W W 30.71 W W -0.1

North Dakota ................................. - 14.57 14.57 - 13.59 13.59 - 7.2 7.2

Ohio ............................................... 44.35 41.02 43.24 46.11 41.94 44.55 -3.8 -2.2 -2.9

Oklahoma ...................................... W W 56.95 W W 56.45 W W 0.9

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 62.58 62.17 62.51 55.61 54.84 55.48 12.5 13.4 12.7

 Anthracite .................................... W W 59.51 56.83 57.12 57.10 W W 4.2

 Bituminous .................................. W W 62.59 55.61 54.44 55.44 W W 12.9

Tennessee ...................................... 65.57 66.83 66.45 79.83 56.84 66.05 -17.9 17.6 0.6

Texas ............................................. - 20.32 20.32 - 19.12 19.12 - 6.3 6.3

Utah ............................................... 29.15 - 29.15 32.32 - 32.32 -9.8 - -9.8

Virginia ......................................... 108.09 81.80 98.46 78.75 74.21 77.09 37.3 10.2 27.7

West Virginia Total ...................... 72.38 66.24 70.07 65.49 61.37 63.83 10.5 7.9 9.8

 Northern ...................................... 53.60 63.43 54.59 50.19 61.88 51.73 6.8 2.5 5.5

 Southern ...................................... 87.54 66.49 77.03 76.05 61.32 68.52 15.1 8.4 12.4

Wyoming ....................................... W W 12.75 W W 12.41 W W 2.7

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 60.73 24.13 35.61 55.77 23.24 33.24 8.9 3.8 7.1 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • An average sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 57

Table 29. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2010 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Continuous1 Conventional and 

Other2 Longwall3

 Total 

Alabama ................................................... W - W 88.55

Arkansas ................................................... - - - -

Colorado ................................................... W - W 42.61

Illinois ...................................................... 49.01 W W 50.19

Indiana ...................................................... 49.00 - - 49.00

Kentucky Total......................................... W W - 60.69

 Eastern .................................................... W W - 74.25

 Western .................................................. W - - 45.34

Maryland .................................................. W - - W

Montana ................................................... - - W W

New Mexico ............................................. - - W W

Ohio .......................................................... W - W 44.35

Oklahoma ................................................. W - - W

Pennsylvania Total ................................... W - W 62.58

 Anthracite ............................................... W - - W

 Bituminous ............................................. W - W W

Tennessee ................................................. 65.57 - - 65.57

Utah .......................................................... W - W 29.15

Virginia .................................................... W - W 108.09

West Virginia Total ................................. 84.35 - 59.17 72.38

 Northern ................................................. 69.25 - 50.76 53.60

 Southern ................................................. 86.62 - 91.83 87.54

Wyoming .................................................. - - W W

U.S. Total ................................................ 67.15 47.49 54.99 60.73 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or 

a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

3

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • An average sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
58 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 30. Average Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2010 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Sales Average Sales Price 

Alabama ....................................................... 48 20,225 86.15

 Bibb ........................................................... 1 W W

 Blount ........................................................ 1 W W

 Cullman ..................................................... 1 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 1 W W

 Franklin ..................................................... 2 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 1 W W

 Jefferson .................................................... 9 W W

 Marion ....................................................... 1 W W

 Shelby ....................................................... 4 W W

 Tuscaloosa ................................................. 7 8,963 79.53

 Walker ....................................................... 18 3,073 75.21

 Winston ..................................................... 2 W W

Alaska ........................................................... 1WW

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division ........................ 1 W W

Arizona ......................................................... 1WW

 Navajo ....................................................... 1 W W

Arkansas ...................................................... 1W -

 Sebastian ................................................... 1 W -

Colorado ....................................................... 10 24,910 40.00

 Delta .......................................................... 1 W W

 Garfield ..................................................... 1 W W

 Gunnison ................................................... 2 W W

 La Plata ..................................................... 1 W W

 Moffat ....................................................... 2 W W

 Montrose ................................................... 1 W W

 Rio Blanco ................................................ 1 W W

 Routt .......................................................... 1 W W

Illinois ........................................................... 21 33,257 49.46

 Franklin ..................................................... 1 W W

 Gallatin ...................................................... 2 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 1 W W

 Macoupin .................................................. 2 W W

 Mcdonough ............................................... 1 W W

 Montgomery .............................................. 1 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 4 W W

 Randolph ................................................... 1 W W

 Saline ......................................................... 4 W W

 Sangamon .................................................. 1 W W

 Wabash ...................................................... 1 W W

 White ......................................................... 1 W W

 Williamson ................................................ 1 W W

Indiana ......................................................... 29 34,433 43.03

 Clay ........................................................... 1 W W

 Daviess ...................................................... 3 W W

 Dubois ....................................................... 1 W W

 Gibson ....................................................... 4 11,235 42.08

 Knox .......................................................... 7 4,761 47.39

 Pike ........................................................... 5 W W

 Sullivan ..................................................... 2 W W

 Vigo ........................................................... 2 W W

 Warrick ..................................................... 4 W W

Kansas .......................................................... 1WW

 Bourbon ..................................................... 1 W W

Kentucky ...................................................... 334 104,583 60.84

 Bell ............................................................ 16 2,121 71.88

 Boyd .......................................................... 1 W W

 Breathitt ..................................................... 3 W W

 Clay ........................................................... 4 W W

 Daviess ...................................................... 1 W W

 Floyd ......................................................... 15 1,443 52.85

 Harlan ........................................................ 59 10,704 68.24

 Henderson ................................................. 2 W W

 Hopkins ..................................................... 4 13,643 45.30

 Jackson ...................................................... 1 W W

 Johnson ..................................................... 5 165 50.10

 Knott ......................................................... 20 4,609 69.77

 Knox .......................................................... 6 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 3 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 59

Table 30. Average Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2010 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Sales Average Sales Price 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Leslie ......................................................... 15 3,658 84.09

 Letcher ...................................................... 29 4,072 72.46

 Magoffin ................................................... 7 W W

 Martin ........................................................ 13 5,683 62.22

 Muhlenberg ............................................... 10 4,656 41.77

 Ohio ........................................................... 4 4,243 35.84

 Perry .......................................................... 24 13,867 73.22

 Pike ........................................................... 83 15,298 72.08

 Union ......................................................... 3 W W

 Webster ..................................................... 1 W W

 Whitley ...................................................... 5 287 72.22

Louisiana ...................................................... 2WW

 De Soto ...................................................... 1 W W

 Natchitoches .............................................. 1 W W

Maryland ..................................................... 18 2,842 47.54

 Allegany .................................................... 11 1,991 44.77

 Garrett ....................................................... 7 851 54.00

Mississippi .................................................... 1WW

 Choctaw .................................................... 1 W W

Missouri ....................................................... 2WW

 Bates .......................................................... 2 W W

Montana ....................................................... 6 44,521 15.12

 Big Horn .................................................... 3 W W

 Musselshell ............................................... 1 W W

 Richland .................................................... 1 W W

 Rosebud ..................................................... 1 W W

New Mexico .................................................. 4 21,872 30.67

 Mckinley ................................................... 2 W W

 San Juan .................................................... 2 W W

North Dakota ............................................... 4 28,894 14.57

 Mclean ....................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer ....................................................... 2 W W

 Oliver ........................................................ 1 W W

Ohio .............................................................. 35 27,330 43.24

 Belmont ..................................................... 4 W W

 Carroll ....................................................... 2 W W

 Columbiana ............................................... 2 W W

 Coshocton ................................................. 1 W W

 Guernsey ................................................... 1 W W

 Harrison ..................................................... 6 3,973 42.42

 Jackson ...................................................... 1 W W

 Jefferson .................................................... 3 W W

 Meigs ......................................................... 1 W W

 Monroe ...................................................... 1 W W

 Muskingum ............................................... 1 W W

 Noble ......................................................... 2 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 3 W W

 Stark .......................................................... 1 W W

 Tuscarawas ................................................ 4 W W

 Vinton ....................................................... 2 W W

Oklahoma ..................................................... 7 996 56.95

 Craig .......................................................... 1 W W

 Haskell ...................................................... 2 W W

 Le Flore ..................................................... 3 W W

 Nowata ...................................................... 1 W W

Pennsylvania ................................................ 164 59,655 62.51

 Allegheny .................................................. 1 W W

 Armstrong ................................................. 11 3,426 54.48

 Beaver ....................................................... 2 W W

 Bedford ..................................................... 1 W W

 Butler ......................................................... 3 W W

 Cambria ..................................................... 7 1,333 81.45

 Cameron .................................................... 1 W W

 Centre ........................................................ 1 W W

 Clarion ....................................................... 5 W W

 Clearfield ................................................... 26 3,576 79.24

 Columbia ................................................... 3 W W

 Elk ............................................................. 5 355 82.30

 Fayette ....................................................... 5 W W

 Greene ....................................................... 5 27,840 58.62

See footnotes at end of table. 
60 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 30. Average Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2010 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Sales Average Sales Price 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Indiana ....................................................... 15 2,421 78.77

 Jefferson .................................................... 11 1,010 64.38

 Lackawanna .............................................. 1 W W

 Luzerne ..................................................... 5 227 79.50

 Lycoming .................................................. 1 W W

 Mercer ....................................................... 1 W W

 Northumberland ........................................ 4 W W

 Schuylkill .................................................. 21 1,009 48.64

 Somerset .................................................... 21 5,479 74.95

 Venango .................................................... 1 W W

 Washington ............................................... 5 W W

 Westmoreland ........................................... 2 W W

Tennessee ..................................................... 16 1,740 66.45

 Anderson ................................................... 3 W W

 Campbell ................................................... 7 928 70.32

 Claiborne ................................................... 5 528 69.82

 Fentress ..................................................... 1 W W

Texas ............................................................. 12 41,501 20.32

 Atascosa .................................................... 1 W W

 Freestone ................................................... 1 W W

 Harrison ..................................................... 1 W W

 Hopkins ..................................................... 1 W W

 Lee ............................................................. 1 W W

 Leon .......................................................... 1 W W

 Limestone .................................................. 1 W W

 Panola ........................................................ 2 W W

 Robertson .................................................. 1 W W

 Rusk .......................................................... 1 W W

 Titus .......................................................... 1 W W

Utah .............................................................. 8 19,011 29.15

 Carbon ....................................................... 5 9,014 27.91

 Emery ........................................................ 2 W W

 Sevier ........................................................ 1 W W

Virginia ........................................................ 96 22,215 98.46

 Buchanan ................................................... 30 W W

 Dickenson ................................................. 13 1,029 90.49

 Giles .......................................................... 1 W W

 Lee ............................................................. 6 W W

 Russell ....................................................... 4 W W

 Tazewell .................................................... 2 W W

 Wise .......................................................... 40 10,243 82.86

West Virginia ............................................... 230 135,330 70.07

 Barbour ..................................................... 4 W W

 Boone ........................................................ 35 22,745 69.21

 Clay ........................................................... 2 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 10 W W

 Greenbrier ................................................. 4 987 149.87

 Harrison ..................................................... 3 W W

 Kanawha ................................................... 22 9,716 67.90

 Lincoln ...................................................... 3 W W

 Logan ........................................................ 22 15,616 70.93

 Marion ....................................................... 2 W W

 Marshall .................................................... 2 W W

 Mason ........................................................ 1 W W

 Mcdowell .................................................. 35 4,769 99.43

 Mercer ....................................................... 1 W W

 Mineral ...................................................... 2 W W

 Mingo ........................................................ 23 8,475 73.00

 Monongalia ............................................... 5 W W

 Nicholas .................................................... 9 W W

 Ohio ........................................................... 2 W W

 Preston ....................................................... 1 W W

 Raleigh ...................................................... 18 7,551 98.06

 Randolph ................................................... 1 W W

 Tucker ....................................................... 1 W W

 Upshur ....................................................... 2 W W

 Wayne ....................................................... 5 W W

 Webster ..................................................... 4 4,250 69.70

 Wyoming ................................................... 11 3,868 110.65

Wyoming ...................................................... 18 442,061 12.75

See footnotes at end of table. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 61

Table 30. Average Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2010 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Sales Average Sales Price 

Wyoming (continued) 

 Campbell ................................................... 11 392,571 12.05

 Converse ................................................... 1 W W

 Hot Springs ............................................... 1 W W

 Lincoln ...................................................... 1 W W

 Sweetwater ................................................ 4 8,807 32.09

U.S. Total .................................................... . 1,069 1,082,714 35.61

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • An average sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report;" and U.S. 

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."
62 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 31. Average Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2010 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Alabama ............................................. 86.15 - - - 86.15 

Alaska ................................................ - W - - W 

Arizona ............................................... W - - - W 

Colorado ............................................. W W - - 40.00 

Illinois ................................................ 49.46 - - - 49.46 

Indiana ................................................ 43.03 - - - 43.03 

Kansas ................................................ W - - - W 

Kentucky Total................................... 60.84 - - - 60.84 

 Eastern .............................................. 70.67 - - - 70.67 

 Western ............................................ 43.38 - - - 43.38 

Louisiana ............................................ - - W - W 

Maryland ............................................ 47.54 - - - 47.54 

Mississippi ......................................... - - W - W 

Missouri ............................................. W - - - W 

Montana ............................................. - W W - 15.12 

New Mexico ....................................... - 30.67 - - 30.67 

North Dakota ...................................... - - 14.57 - 14.57 

Ohio .................................................... 43.24 - - - 43.24 

Oklahoma ........................................... 56.95 - - - 56.95 

Pennsylvania Total ............................. 62.59 - - 59.51 62.51 

 Anthracite ......................................... - - - 59.51 59.51 

 Bituminous ....................................... 62.59 - - - 62.59 

Tennessee ........................................... 66.45 - - - 66.45 

Texas .................................................. - - 20.32 - 20.32 

Utah .................................................... 29.15 - - - 29.15 

Virginia .............................................. 98.46 - - - 98.46 

West Virginia Total ........................... 70.07 - - - 70.07 

 Northern ........................................... 54.59 - - - 54.59 

 Southern ........................................... 77.03 - - - 77.03 

Wyoming ............................................ - 12.75 - - 12.75 

 

U.S. Total .......................................... 60.88 14.11 18.76 59.51 35.61 

 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • An average sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 63

Table 32. Average Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2010 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Underground Surface Total 

Over 1,000 .................................................... 53.68 18.46 28.02

500 to 1,000 ................................................. 74.41 62.82 69.19

200 to 500 .................................................... 81.95 65.43 73.88

100 to 200 .................................................... 83.40 66.17 75.51

50 to 100 ...................................................... 69.65 68.00 68.60

10 to 50 ........................................................ 81.31 60.52 67.06

U.S. Total ..................................................... 60.73 24.13 35.61 

 Note: • An average sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 

10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
64 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Table 33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2010 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market1

 Captive2

Alabama ......................................................................................... 86.11 93.42

Alaska ............................................................................................ W -

Arizona ........................................................................................... W -

Arkansas ......................................................................................... W -

Colorado ......................................................................................... 39.45 44.44

Illinois ............................................................................................ 48.22 W

Indiana ............................................................................................ 41.59 44.81

Kansas ............................................................................................ W -

Kentucky Total............................................................................... 60.72 63.01

 Eastern .......................................................................................... 71.32 W

 Western ........................................................................................ 43.38 W

Louisiana ........................................................................................ W W

Maryland ........................................................................................ 48.73 -

Mississippi ..................................................................................... W -

Missouri ......................................................................................... W -

Montana ......................................................................................... 14.55 W

New Mexico ................................................................................... W W

North Dakota .................................................................................. 14.80 W

Ohio ................................................................................................ 43.32 41.63

Oklahoma ....................................................................................... 68.43 W

Pennsylvania Total ......................................................................... 61.42 77.96

 Anthracite ..................................................................................... 51.53 W

 Bituminous ................................................................................... 61.69 W

Tennessee ....................................................................................... 66.40 W

Texas .............................................................................................. W 19.00

Utah ................................................................................................ 27.53 W

Virginia .......................................................................................... 96.15 103.23

West Virginia Total ....................................................................... 69.38 74.73

 Northern ....................................................................................... 54.51 55.44

 Southern ....................................................................................... 76.61 79.45

Wyoming ........................................................................................ 12.03 14.53

U.S. Total ...................................................................................... 37.61 28.49 

1

 Open market includes coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 

 - = No data are reported. 

 W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. 

 Note: • An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold, by the total open market coal sold. 

An average captive market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the captive market coal sold, by the total captive market coal sold. 

Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. 

 Source: • U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production and Preparation Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 65
66 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 67

Glossary 

American Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a 

mining company to produce coal from American Indian 

lands in exchange for royalties and other revenues; 

obtained by direct negotiation with Indian tribal 

authorities, but subject to approval and administration by 

the U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for 

residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, 

brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard 

coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a 

low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content 

of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 

percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 

28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed 

in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short 

ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both 

inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 

1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for 

steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a 

heat content of 15 million Btu per short ton or less. 

Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Area (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat terrain to 

recover coal by mining long cuts or pits successively. 

The material excavated from the cut being mined is 

deposited in the cut previously mined. 

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a 

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour surface 

mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to 

excavate. 

Average Number of Employees: The arithmetic mean 

number of employees working each day at a mining 

operation. Includes maintenance, office, as well as 

production-related employees. 

Average Open Market Sales Price: The ratio of the 

total value of the open market sales of coal produced at 

the mine to the total open market sales tonnage. 

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio of 

the total production at a mining operation to the total 

direct labor hours worked at the operation. 

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be 

recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, 

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic area. 

Bed, Coalbed: All the coal and partings lying between a 

roof and floor. 

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, 

sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of 

bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also 

used for heat and power applications in manufacturing 

and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant 

coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content 

usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of 

bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton 

on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content 

of bituminous coal consumed in the United States 

averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed 

by dividing production by productive capacity and 

multiplying by 100. 

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the mine 

operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for example, 

steel companies and electric utilities). 

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of the 

United States established by the Bureau of the Census, 

U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical analysis. 

The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State 

boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is 

subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific 

Noncontiguous areas. 

Central Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing 

Regions. 

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight. 

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black 

rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, 

consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more 

than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It 

is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, 

hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by 

heat and pressure over geologic time. 

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed into 

solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke 

oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air. 

Coal (coke): See Coke (coal). 
68 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the total 

direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

Coal Preparation/Washing: The treatment of coal to 

reject waste. In its broadest sense, preparation is any 

processing of mined coal to prepare it for market, 

including crushing and screening or sieving the coal to 

reach a uniform size, which normally results in removal 

of some non-coal material. The term coal preparation 

most commonly refers to processing, including crushing 

and screening, passing the material through one or more 

processes to remove impurities, sizing the product, and 

loading for shipment. Many of the processes separate 

rock, clay, and other minerals from coal in a liquid 

medium; hence the term washing is widely used. In some 

cases coal passes through a drying step before loading. 

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification 

of areas where coal is produced. 

Appalachian Region. Consists of Alabama, Eastern 

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 

Virginia, and West Virginia. 

Northern Appalachian Region. Consists of Maryland, 

Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Northern West Virginia. 

Central Appalachian Region. Consists of Eastern 

Kentucky, Virginia, Southern West Virginia, and the 

Tennessee counties of: Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, 

Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, 

Putnam, Roane, and Scott. 

Southern Appalachian Region: Consists of Alabama, and 

the Tennessee counties of: Bledsoe, Coffee, Franklin, 

Grundy, Hamilton, Marion, Rhea, Sequatchie, Van 

Buren, Warren, and White. 

Interior Region (with Gulf Coast). Consists of Arkansas, 

Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, 

Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Western Kentucky. 

Illinois Basin: Consists of Illinois, Indiana, and Western 

Kentucky. 

Western Region. Consists of Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, 

Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, 

Washington, and Wyoming. 

Powder River Basin: Consists of the Montana counties 

of Big Horn, Custer, Powder River, Rosebud, and 

Treasure and the Wyoming counties of Campbell, 

Converse, Crook, Johnson, Natrona, Niobrara, Sheridan, 

and Weston. 

Uinta Basin: Consists of the Colorado counties of Delta, 

Garfield, Gunnison, Mesa, Moffat, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, 

Routt and the Utah counties of Carbon, Duchesne, 

Emery, Grand, Sanpete, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, and 

Wasatch. 

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined and/or 

purchased coal originates are defined as follows: 

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, 

Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, 

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, 

New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, 

Pennsylvania anthracite, Pennsylvania bituminous, 

Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West 

Virginia Northern, West Virginia Southern, and 

Wyoming. The following Coal-Producing States are split 

in origin of coal, as defined by: 

Kentucky, Eastern. All mines in the following counties 

in Eastern Kentucky: Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, 

Clinton, Elliot, Estill, Floyd, Greenup, Harlan, Jackson, 

Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, 

Letcher, Lewis, Magoffin, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, 

Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, 

Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Whitley, and Wolfe. 

 

Kentucky, Western. All mines in the following counties 

in Western Kentucky: Breckinridge, Butler, Caldwell, 

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, 

Hancock, Hart, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, 

Muhlenberg, Ohio, Todd, Union, Warren, and Webster. 

Pennsylvania Anthracite. All mines in the following 

counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, 

Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, 

Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in 

Bradford County. 

Pennsylvania Bituminous. All mines located in the 

following counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, 

Bedford, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Elk, 

Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, 

Lycoming, Somerset, Venango, Washington, and 

Westmoreland, and all bituminous mines in Bradford 

County. 

West Virginia, Northern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 1, 

3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, 

Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, 

Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, 

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, 

Tyler, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood. 

West Virginia, Southern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 7 

& 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, 

Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, 

Mingo, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, 

Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 69

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their 

degree of progressive alteration from lignite to 

anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of 

coal include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous 

coal, and anthracite and are based on fixed carbon, 

volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or 

caking) properties. 

Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for 

future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are 

collected for a particular reporting period (month, 

quarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as 

of the last day of this period. 

 Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal 

seam. 

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces 

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy 

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, 

heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status as a 

qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility 

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must 

produce electric energy and "another form of useful 

thermal energy through the sequential use of energy," 

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency 

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal 

Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.) 

Coke (coal): A solid carbonaceous residue derived from 

low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the 

volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven 

at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so 

that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. 

Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in 

smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is 

grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 

million Btu per short ton. 

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot or 

beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke. 

Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke. 

See Coke (coal). 

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar mining 

in which a continuous mining machine extracts and 

removes coal from the working face in one operation; no 

blasting is required. 

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations that 

involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily when 

blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then 

loading the broken coal. 

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in which 

the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that 

includes the F.O.B. value of the product at the point of 

origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. This 

type of transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase in 

that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the 

loading port (as certified by the Bill of Loading and 

Quality Report) rather than pay on the basis of the 

quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It 

is similar to the terms of an F.O.B. sale, except that the 

seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges 

for transportation and insurance. 

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for the 

sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource 

categories of reliability which represents 100 percent of 

the coal in these categories in place as of a certain date. 

Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 

inches or more thick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 

inches or more thick that occur at depths to 1 thousand 

feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 inches or more thick that 

can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper 

beds that presently are being mined or for which there is 

evidence that they could be mined commercially at this 

time. Represents that portion of identified coal resources 

from which reserves are calculated. 

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by all 

mining employees at a mining operation during the year. 

Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in 

production, preparation, development, maintenance, 

repair, shop or yard work, management, office workers, 

and technical or engineering work. 

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from 

rivers or streams. 

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal 

or nearly horizontal entry driven along to a coalbed 

exposed in a hillside. 

Electric Power Sector: The electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers) 

comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power 

(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 

Estimated Recoverable Reserves: See recoverable 

reserves. 
70 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

F.O.B. Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of 

coal at the point of first sale. It excludes freight or 

shipping and insurance costs.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining 

company to produce coal from land owned and 

administered by the Federal Government in exchange for 

royalties and other revenues. 

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by manual 

labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance to the 

surface. 

Illinois Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Indicated Resources: Coal for which estimates of the 

rank, quality, and quantity have been computed partly 

from sample analyses and measurements and partly from 

reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are 

computed partly from specified measurements and partly 

from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance 

on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of 

observation are 0.5 to 1.5 miles apart. Indicated coal is 

projected to extend as a 0.5-mile-wide belt that lies more 

than 0.25 miles from the outcrop or points of observation 

or measurement. 

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector is comprised of 

manufacturing industries which make up the largest part 

of the sector, along with mining, construction, 

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the 

sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to 

companies assembling electronic components. 

Interior Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as 

brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a 

high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 

percent The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 

million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. 

The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States 

averages 13 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Longwall Mining: An automated form of underground 

coal mining characterized by high recovery and 

extraction rates, feasible only in relatively flat-lying, 

thick, and uniform coalbeds. A high-powered cutting 

machine is passed across the exposed face of coal, 

shearing away broken coal, which is continuously hauled 

away by a floor-level conveyor system. Longwall mining 

extracts all machine-minable coal between the floor and 

ceiling within a contiguous block of coal, known as a 

panel, leaving no support pillars within the panel area. 

Panel dimensions vary over time and with mining 

conditions but currently average about 900 feet wide 

(coal face width) and more than 8,000 feet long (the 

minable extent of the panel, measured in direction of 

mining). Longwall mining is done under movable roof 

supports that are advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in 

the mined-out area is allowed to fall as the mining 

advances. 

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial 

users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged 

in the mechanical or chemical transformation of 

materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or 

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for 

gasification/liquifaction and coal used for coal synfuels. 

Minable: Capable of being mined under current mining 

technology and environmental and legal restrictions, 

rules, and regulations. 

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground Mine. 

Northern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines 

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a 

particular geographic area (State or region). 

Number of Mining Operations: The number of mining 

operations includes preparation plants. Mining 

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, 

or a preparation plant only, will be counted as two 

operations if the preparation plant processes both 

underground and surface coal. 

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., 

coal sold to companies other than the reporting 

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of 

the parent company. 

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled 

through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate 

joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small 

group of businesses as a separate and specific business or 

project for the mutual benefit of the members of the 

group. 

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not including 

coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or chemical 

transformation of materials or substances into new 

products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in the 

agriculture, mining, or construction industries. 

Parent Company: A company which solely or jointly 

owns the reporting company and which is not itself a 

subsidiary of, or owned by, another company. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 71

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to 

productive capacity, times 100. 

Powder River Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Preparation Plant: A facility at which coal is crushed, 

screened, and mechanically cleaned. 

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal 

that a mining operation can produce or process during a 

period with the existing mining equipment and/or 

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and 

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment are 

available, and that the market exists for the maximum 

production. 

Recoverability: In reference to accessible coal 

resources, the condition of being physically, 

technologically, and economically minable. Recovery 

rates and recovery factors may be determined or 

estimated for coal resources without certain knowledge 

of their economic minability; therefore, the availability 

of recovery rates or factors does not predict 

recoverability. 

Recoverable Coal: Coal that is, or can be, extracted 

from a coal bed during mining. 

Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines: The 

amount of in situ coal that can be recovered by mining 

existing reserves at mines reporting on Form EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves, Estimated Recoverable 

Reserves: Reserve estimates (broad meaning) based on a 

demonstrated reserve base adjusted for assumed 

accessibility factors and recovery factors. The term is 

used by EIA to distinguish estimated recoverable 

reserves, which are derived without specific economic 

feasibility criteria by factoring (downward) from a 

demonstrated reserve base for one or more study areas or 

regions, from recoverable reserves at active mines, which 

are aggregated (upward) from reserve estimates reported 

by currently active, economically viable mines on Form 

EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the 

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the 

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base. 

Recovery Factor: The percentage of total tons of coal 

estimated to be recoverable from a given area in relation 

to the total tonnage estimated to be in the demonstrated 

reserve base. For the purpose of calculating depletion 

factors only, the estimated recovery factors for the 

demonstrated reserve base generally are 50 percent for 

underground mining methods and 80 percent for surface 

mining methods. More precise recovery factors can be 

computed by determining the total coal in place and the 

total coal recoverable in any specific locale. 

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that can 

be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines. 

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated 

by the coal cleaning process. 

Refuse Recovery: A surface mine where coal is 

recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be 

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, or dredge operation. 

Remaining (Resources/Reserves): The amount of coal 

in the ground after some mining, excluding coal in the 

ground spoiled or left in place for which later recovery is 

not feasible. 

Reserve(s): Root meaning: The amount of in-situ coal in 

a defined area that can be recovered by mining at a 

sustainable profit at the time of determination. Broad 

meaning: That portion of the demonstrated reserve base 

that is estimated to be recoverable at the time of 

determination. The reserve is derived by applying a 

recovery factor to that component of the identified 

resources of coal designated as the demonstrated reserve 

base. 

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units; 

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale 

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and 

educational institutions (schools and universities); and 

Federal, State, and local governments (military 

installations, prisons, office buildings). 

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated share 

of production from mineral deposits, by the lessee to the 

lessor. Royalties may be an established minimum, a 

sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale royalty rate 

increases by steps as the average production on the lease 

increases. A sliding-scale royalty rate is based on 

average production and applies to all production from the 

lease. 

Run-of-mine: The raw coal recovered from a mine, prior 

to any treatment. 

Salable Coal: The shippable product of a coal mine or 

preparation plant. Depending on customer specifications, 

salable coal may be run-of-mine, crushed-and-screened 

(sized) coal, or the clean coal yield from a preparation 

plant. 

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal and/or 

Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is approximately 

equivalent to production, which includes coal sold, and 

coal added to stockpiles. 
72 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by a tractor 

unit equipped with a hydraulically operated bucket 

attached to the front; also called a front-end loader. 

Seam: A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor. 

Equivalent term to bed, commonly used by industry. 

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the 

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the 

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of 

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to 

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation. 

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. 

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining that 

involves the use of a continuous mining machine and 

movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 

feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although 

similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally 

more flexible because of the smaller working area. 

Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because 

the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle cars as 

opposed to conveyors. 

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Synonymous with culm. 

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A 

mining operation producing coal from these sources of 

coal. (See refuse recovery.) 

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the entry is 

driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit. 

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a 

preparation plant. 

Southern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or 

utility at the end of the reporting period. 

Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range 

from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and 

used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power 

generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and 

crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet 

black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. 

Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent 

moisture by weight. The heat content of 

subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per 

ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat 

content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United 

States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the asreceived basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture 

and mineral matter). 

Surface Mine: A coal mine that is usually within a few 

hundred feet of the surface. Earth and rock above or 

around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the 

coalbed, which is then mined with surface excavation 

equipment such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, 

loaders, and augers. Surface mines include: area, 

contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine. 

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for 

transportation by rail or truck. 

Uinta Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced by 

tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then 

mined with underground mining equipment such as 

cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and 

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are 

classified according to the type of opening used to reach 

the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined tunnel), 

or shaft (vertical tunnel). 

Underground Mining: The extraction of coal or its 

products from between enclosing rock strata by 

underground mining methods, such as room and pillar, 

longwall, and shortwall, or through in-situ gasification. 

Western Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

 
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2010 73