I 

108TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 2028

To amend title 28, United States Code, with respect to the jurisdiction 

of Federal courts inferior to the Supreme Court over certain cases 

and controversies involving the Pledge of Allegiance. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MAY 8, 2003

Mr. AKIN (for himself, Mr. MCINTYRE, Mr. DELAY, Mr. BLUNT, Mr. CANTOR, Ms. PRYCE of Ohio, Mr. ADERHOLT, Mr. BACHUS, Mr. BAKER, Mr. 

BARRETT of South Carolina, Mr. BARTLETT of Maryland, Mr. BARTON

of Texas, Mr. BASS, Mrs. BLACKBURN, Mr. BEAUPREZ, Mr. BEREUTER, 

Mr. BISHOP of Utah, Mr. BOEHNER, Mr. BONILLA, Mrs. BONO, Mr. 

BONNER, Mr. BOOZMAN, Ms. BORDALLO, Mr. BRADY of Texas, Mr. 

BROWN of South Carolina, Ms. GINNY BROWN-WAITE of Florida, Mr. 

BURGESS, Mr. BURNS, Mr. BURR, Mr. BURTON of Indiana, Mr. CALVERT, Mr. CAMP, Mr. CHOCOLA, Mr. COLE, Mr. COLLINS, Mr. CRANE, 

Mr. CULBERSON, Mr. CUNNINGHAM, Mrs. JO ANN DAVIS of Virginia, 

Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee, Mr. TOM DAVIS of Virginia, Mr. DEAL of Georgia, Mr. DEMINT, Mr. LINCOLN DIAZ-BALART of Florida, Mr. MARIO

DIAZ-BALART of Florida, Mr. DOOLITTLE, Mr. DUNCAN, Ms. DUNN, 

Mrs. EMERSON, Mr. FEENEY, Mr. FLAKE, Mr. FOLEY, Mr. FORBES, Mr. 

FOSSELLA, Mr. FRANKS of Arizona, Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN, Mr. 

GALLEGLY, Mr. GARRETT of New Jersey, Mr. GIBBONS, Mr. GILLMOR, 

Mr. GINGREY, Mr. GOODE, Mr. GOODLATTE, Mr. GRAVES, Mr. GREEN

of Texas, Mr. GUTKNECHT, Ms. HARRIS, Mr. HAYES, Mr. HAYWORTH, 

Mr. HEFLEY, Mr. HERGER, Mr. HOBSON, Mr. HOEKSTRA, Mr. 

HOSTETTLER, Mr. HOUGHTON, Mr. HULSHOF, Mr. HUNTER, Mr. ISSA, 

Mr. ISTOOK, Mr. JANKLOW, Mr. JENKINS, Mr. SAM JOHNSON of Texas, 

Mr. JONES of North Carolina, Mr. KELLER, Mr. KENNEDY of Minnesota, 

Mr. KING of Iowa, Mr. KINGSTON, Mr. KLINE, Mr. LAHOOD, Mr. 

LATOURETTE, Mr. LEWIS of Kentucky, Mr. LUCAS of Oklahoma, Mr. 

MANZULLO, Mr. MCCRERY, Mr. MCHUGH, Mr. MCINNIS, Mr. MICA, Mrs. 

MILLER of Michigan, Mr. GARY G. MILLER of California, Mr. MILLER

of Florida, Mrs. MUSGRAVE, Mrs. MYRICK, Mr. NEY, Mrs. NORTHUP, 

Mr. NUNES, Mr. OSBORNE, Mr. OSE, Mr. OTTER, Mr. PEARCE, Mr. 

PENCE, Mr. PETERSON of Pennsylvania, Mr. PITTS, Mr. PORTER, Mr. 

PLATTS, Mr. POMBO, Mr. PUTNAM, Mr. REGULA, Mr. REHBERG, Mr. 

RENZI, Mr. REYNOLDS, Mr. ROGERS of Kentucky, Mr. ROGERS of Michigan, Mr. ROHRABACHER, Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, Mr. RYAN of Wisconsin, 
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•HR 2028 IH 

Mr. RYUN of Kansas, Mr. SAXTON, Mr. SCHROCK, Mr. SESSIONS, Mr. 

SHADEGG, Mr. SHERWOOD, Mr. SHIMKUS, Mr. SHUSTER, Mr. SIMPSON, 

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. SMITH of Texas, Mr. SMITH of Michigan, 

Mr. SOUDER, Mr. STEARNS, Mr. SULLIVAN, Mr. TANCREDO, Mr. TAUZIN, Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina, Mr. TERRY, Mr. TIAHRT, Mr. 

TIBERI, Mr. TOOMEY, Mr. WALSH, Mr. WAMP, Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania, Mr. WELDON of Florida, Mr. WELLER, Mr. WHITFIELD, Mr. WILSON of South Carolina, Mr. WOLF, Mr. YOUNG of Florida, and Mr. 

YOUNG of Alaska) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 

Committee on the Judiciary 

A BILL

To amend title 28, United States Code, with respect to 

the jurisdiction of Federal courts inferior to the Supreme 

Court over certain cases and controversies involving the 

Pledge of Allegiance.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Pledge Protection Act 

5 of 2003’’. 

6 SEC. 2. JURISDICTION LIMITATION. 

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 99 of title 28, United 

8 States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol9 lowing: 

10 ‘‘§ 1632. Jurisdiction limitation 

11 ‘‘No court established by Act of Congress shall have 

12 jurisdiction to hear or determine any claim that the recita13 tion of the Pledge of Allegiance, as set forth in section 
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•HR 2028 IH 

1 4 of title 4, violates the first article of amendment to the 

2 Constitution of the United States.’’. 

3 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 

4 at the beginning of chapter 99 of title 28, United States 

5 Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new 

6 item:

‘‘1632. Jurisdiction Limitation.’’.

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