DOE/EIA-0584(97)

Distribution Category

UC-98

Coal Industry Annual 1997

Energy Information Administration

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and

analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be

construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other

organization.
Contacts

This publication was prepared by Frederick L. Freme,

Michelle Bowles, and Thomas Murphy, under the

direction of Mary K. Paull, Project Leader, Coal Data

Team, Coal and Electric Data and Renewables Division, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate

Fuels. Specific information about the data in this

report can be obtained from Frederick L. Freme

(202/426-1152), or e-mail Frederick.Freme

@EIA.DOE.GOV. Specific information about the

Executive Summary can be obtained from Willie

Hong (202/426-1126), or e-mail

BHONG@EIA.DOE.GOV. All other questions on coal

statistics should be directed to the National Energy

Information Center (202/586-8800), or e-mail

INFOCTR@EIA.DOE.GOV.

ii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Preface

Coal Industry Annual 1997 provides comprehensive

information about U.S. coal production, number of

mines, prices, productivity, employment, productive

capacity, and recoverable reserves. U.S. Coal production for 1997 and previous years is based on the

annual survey EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report."

This report presents data on coal consumption, coal

distribution, coal stocks, coal prices, and coal quality

for Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal

industry, and the general public. Appendix A contains

a compilation of coal statistics for the major coalproducing States. This report includes a national total

coal consumption for nonutility power producers that

are not in the manufacturing, agriculture, mining, construction, or commercial sectors.

The data presented in the report were collected and

published by the Energy Information Administration

(EIA), to fulfill its data collection and dissemination

responsibilities, as specified in the Federal Energy

Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), as

amended. Data for the Demonstrated Reserve Base

(DRB) are now reported in U.S. Coal Reserves: A

Review and Update (DOE/EIA-0529). However, this

report presents data on the recoverable portion of the

DRB in Table 105.

The base year for the implicit price deflator, which is

used to convert nominal figures to real figures is

1992, the same as the previous year (Table D3).

This report constitutes the 22nd annual report on coal

production published by EIA and continues the series

formerly included in the Minerals Yearbook published

by the Bureau of Mines.

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate

Fuels gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the

respondents in supplying the information presented in

this report and appreciates the valuable assistance of

State coal mining agencies; the U.S. Department of

the Interior: the Bureau of Land Management, the

Minerals Management Service; the U.S. Department

of Labor: the Mine Safety and Health Administration,

the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the U.S. Department of

Commerce: the Bureau of the Census; and the King

Publishing Corporation.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 iii 
Contents

Page

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Productive Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines ...................................................... 37

Producer/Distributor Stocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Employment and Productivity ............................................................................. 59

Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Domestic Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Foreign Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Coal Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Mine Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Consumer Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Import/Export Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Coal Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Appendices

A. Major Coal Producing States ........................................................................ 195

B. Metric Tables ...................................................................................... 213

C. References ......................................................................................... 229

D. Explanatory Notes .................................................................................. 233

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 v 
Tables

Page

1. Coal Production by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ......................................................... 4

2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997 .................................................. 5

3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1997 ................................ 6

4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1997 ....................... 7

5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1997 ................................... 11

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1997 ....... 12

7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1997 .................................. 14

8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 1997 ............... 15

9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1997 ............................... 16

10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1997 ............................................. 17

11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997 ....................................... 18

12. Coal Production by State and Disposition, 1997 ................................................... 20

13. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal and Indian Leases by State, 1997 ....... 21

14. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1997 ..................................................................... 22

15. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1997 ................................................................. 23

16. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ...................................... 26

17. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ...................................... 27

18. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Type, 1997 28

19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method,

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1997 ........... 30

21. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1997 31

22. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and Capacity Utilization Range, 1997 ... 32

23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Recoverable Reserves Range,

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

25. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997 .......................... 39

26. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Coal Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ................... 40

27. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State and Mine

Type, 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

28. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Underground Mines by State and Mining Method, 1997 ..... 42

29. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method,

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine

Production Range and Mine Type, 1997 ........................................................... 44

31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Coalbed

Thickness and Mine Type, 1997 .................................................................. 44

32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, Mine Type,

and Union Type, 1997 ........................................................................... 45

33. U.S. Demonstrated Reserve Base of Coal by Potential Mining Method and Ranked by State Total,

January 1, 1995 ................................................................................. 47

34. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1993-1997 ................................ 50

35. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1988, 1993-1997 ............................ 53

36. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1988, 1993-1997 ............................................... 54

37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1988, 1993-1997 ........ 55

38. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1988,

1993-1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

39. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of Origin and Destination State,

1995-1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

40. Average Number of Miners by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ............................................. 63

41. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ....................... 64

42. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ............................ 65

43. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1997 ............................. 66

44. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1997 ........ 67

45. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1997 ............. 68

vi Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997 ............................ 69

47. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1988, 1993-1997 ......................................................... 70

48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ............................................... 74

49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1988, 1993-1997 .................................. 75

50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ....................................... 76

51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1997 ........................................... 77

52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine Type, 1988, 1993-1997 .............. 79

53. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by Mine Production Range, 1997 ....................... 81

54. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1997 .......................... 82

55. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1997 ..................... 83

56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1997 ................... 84

57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997 .............................. 86

58. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1993-1997 ............................................ 91

59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1993-1997 ...................... 92

60. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1997 ............................................................... 93

61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and State, and Destination Census

Division and State, 1993-1997 .................................................................... 94

62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1993-1997 ...... 106

63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination,

1993-1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1993-1997 114

65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997 .............. 118

66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1997 ............................................................... 133

67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ................................ 135

68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ................... 137

69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ......... 138

70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ..... 139

71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ........ 140

72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ..... 141

73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 .................... 142

74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ............... 142

75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census Division and State, 1988,

1993-1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997 ............................................... 147

77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997 ................................. 148

78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................................ 149

79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1988, 1993-1997 .............................................. 150

80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................................... 154

81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ....................................... 155

82. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1997 ........................................ 156

83. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1997 ...................... 157

84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price, by State and County, 1997 ............ 158

85. Average Mine Price by State and Coal Rank, 1997 ................................................ 162

86. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1997 .................. 163

87. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1997 ...................... 163

88. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1997 ................................ 164

89. Average Mine Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1997 ................... 165

90. Average Mine Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1997 ........................ 166

91. Average Mine Price by State and Disposition, 1997 ............................................... 167

92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 170

93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1988,

1993-1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1988,

1993-1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1988,

1993-1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ..... 174

97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 174

98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1988, 1993-1997 .......... 176

99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997 .............................. 177

100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997 ......................... 178

101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997 ................. 179

102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997 ............ 180

103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................ 181

104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997 ................... 182

105. Estimate of the Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and Mine Type ............... 184

106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 186

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 vii 
107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1994-1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

A1. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................................................ 195

A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................................................ 196

A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ....................................................... 197

A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ......................................................... 198

A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ......................................................... 199

A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ....................................................... 200

A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................................................ 201

A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 .................................................... 202

A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ................................................... 203

A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................................................... 204

A11. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ................................................... 205

A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 .......................................................... 206

A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................................................... 207

A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................................................ 208

A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ................................................... 209

A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ....................................................... 210

A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ................................................. 211

A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997 ...................................................... 212

B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and Stocks, 1988, 1993-1997 ...... 213

B2. Coal Production by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ....................................................... 214

B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ..................................... 215

B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ......................... 216

B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................... 217

B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1988, 1993-1997 .............................................. 218

B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ................................ 219

B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ................... 220

B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destinaion, 1988, 1993-1997 ............................................... 221

B10. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1988, 1993-1997 ........................................... 222

B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 223

B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1988,

1993-1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997 ..... 225

B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1988, 1993-1997 .......... 226

B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997 .............................. 227

C1. Classification of Coals by Rank ................................................................. 230

C2. Approximate Heat Content of Coal .............................................................. 231

D1. Sources of Data for Total U.S. Coal Production and Number of Mining Operations ................. 234

D2. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1997 ......................... 237

D3. Implicit Price Deflator, 1988-1997 ............................................................... 245

Illustrations

Page

1. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1988-1997 ....... 38

2. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1988-1997 38

3. U.S. Coal Imports, 1988-1997 .................................................................... 52

4. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1988-1997 .......................... 62

5. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1988-1997 ............................ 62

6. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1988-1997 .............................................................. 71

7. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1988-1997 ............................................................. 71

8. Coal Distribution, 1988-1997 ..................................................................... 90

9. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1988-1997 .............................................................. 132

10. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1988-1997 .......................................................... 136

11. U.S. Coal Exports, 1988-1997 ................................................................... 146

12. Coal Prices, 1988-1997 ......................................................................... 152

13. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1988-1997 ........................................................... 169

C1. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States ......................................................... 229

viii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 ix

Executive Summary

Overview

U.S. coal production totaled a record high of 1,090

million short tons in 1997, up by 2 percent from the 1996

production level (Table ES1). The electric power

industry (utilities and independent power

producers)&the dominant coal consumer&used a record

922 million short tons, 3 percent higher than in 1996.

The increase in coal use for electricity generation was

attributable primarily to (1) a substantial decline in

nuclear-powered generation, and (2) moderate growth

in electricity demand.

Coal consumption in the non-electricity sectors (residential/commercial and industrial users) fell by 1

percent to 107 million short tons. Coal imports rose 5

percent to nearly 7 and one half million short tons, while

coal exports dropped in 1997, by about 7 million short

tons to 84 million short tons, reversing the upward trend

of the previous two years. The decline was mostly in

steam coal exports, as a result of weak international coal

prices and strong competition from other coal-exporting

countries. 

The trend toward holding reduced levels of consumer

coal stocks (in terms of both absolute tonnage and days

of supply) generally continued in 1997, with year-end

coal stocks declining to 107 million short tons, a

drawdown of 16 million short tons from 1996 levels.

Consequently, coal production requirements were

reduced that much in 1997. Year-end stocks at electric

utilities declined by 16 million short tons; however,

stocks held by producers and distributors grew by 5

million short tons. 

Although domestic coal demand rose in 1997, the price

of coal declined, continuing its downward trend that

started more than a decade ago. The average utility coal

price (per ton) dropped by 1 percent, while the price of

industrial coal remained relatively unchanged. The

average price of U.S. coal exports (measured in free

alongside ship (f.a.s.) value) also remained relatively

unchanged, while the price of U.S. coal imports edged

up by 3 percent in 1997.

 Production

In 1997, the U.S. coal industry produced a record high of

1,090 million short tons, 26 million short tons more than

the 1996 production level (Table ES1). Regionally,

Appalachia output rose 4 percent, outpacing the 3-

percent growth in Western coal production. Coal output

in the Interior Region was virtually unchanged from the

1996 level (Figure ES1). 

The rising demand for western low-sulfur coal for

electricity generation, driven by its low cost and the

sulfur emissions reduction requirements of the 1990

Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), continued to boost

coal production in the Western Region (Figure ES2).

This trend, however, slowed somewhat in 1997, as it did

in 1996, because of strong demand for coal from Appalachia and the Illinois Basin in the East, particularly

Indiana. A significant drop in nuclear-powered

electricity generation in 1997, mostly in the East,

contributed to the rise in demand for eastern coal, which

had been declining in recent years.

The average mine price of U.S. coal in 1997 was $18.14

per short ton, 2 percent less than in 1996 and the 15th

consecutive year of decline. Regionally, the average

mine price dropped 5 percent in the Western Region, 3

percent in the Interior Region, and about 1 percent in the

Appalachian Region.

Appalachian Region

Coal production in the Appalachian Region rose by 4

percent to 468 million short tons in 1997 (Table ES2).

The production growth came primarily from increased

utility coal consumption in the South Atlantic, Middle

Atlantic, and East North Central Census Divisions

(Figure ES3), which more than offset a substantial

decline (about 6 million short tons) in coal exports from

the region, primarily from West Virginia and Eastern

Kentucky. The rise in utility coal use was to meet the

increase in electricity demand in the South Atlantic and

Middle Atlantic Census Divisions and to offset a

substantial decline in nuclear-powered generation in the

East North Central Census Division.
x Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997

Item 1994 1995 1996 1997

Production by Region

 Appalachian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 435 452 468

 Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 169 173 171

 Western . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 430 439 451

 Total .......................................... 1,034 1,033 1,064 1,090

Consumption by Sector

 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 850 897 922

 Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817 829 875 900

 Independent Power Producers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 21 22 22

 Coke Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 33 32 30

 Other Industrial Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 73 71 71

 Residential/Commercial Users ....................... 6 6 6 6

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951 962 1,006 1,029

Year-End Coal Stocks

 Electric Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 126 115 99

 Coke Plants ...................................... 3 3 3 2

 Other Industrial Plants .............................. 7 6 6 6

 Producers/Distributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 34 29 34

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 169 152 141

U.S. Coal Trade

 Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 89 90 84

 Steam Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 36 38 31

 Metallurgical Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 52 53 52

 Imports .......................................... 8 7 7 7

 Net Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 81 83 76

Average Delivered Price

 Electric Utilities ................................... 28.03 27.01 26.45 26.16

 Coke Plants ...................................... 46.56 47.34 47.33 47.61

 Other Industrial Plants .............................. 32.55 32.42 32.32 32.41

Average Free Alongside Ship (f.a.s.) Price

 Exports ......................................... 39.93 40.27 40.76 40.55

 Steam Coal ..................................... 34.34 34.51 34.09 32.42

 Metallurgical Coal ................................ 42.77 44.30 45.49 45.45

 Imports .......................................... 30.21 34.13 33.45 34.32

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sum of net exports, stock changes, and consumption

may not equal production, primarily because the supply and disposition data are obtained from different surveys. Sources: Production:

Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report"; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly MineEmployment andCoalProduction Report". Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form

EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report"; Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants"; Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant

Report - Quarterly"; and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution

Report." Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545." Imports: U.S. Department of

Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145." Consumer Delivered Prices: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

(FERC), FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants"; EIA, Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report -

Quarterly"; EIA, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants."

Table ES1. U.S. Coal Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 1994-1997

(Million Short Tons and Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Notable production gains were made in Pennsylvania

(12 percent or 8 million short tons). Utility demand for

high- and medium-sulfur coal from Pennsylvania

remained strong in 1997, as it was in 1996, and increased

coal shipments to Canada also helped boost Pennsylvania coal production in 1997.

Coal output in West Virginia&the largest coal-producing

State in the East and the country’s second largest after

Wyoming&increased slightly (by 2 percent) to 174

million short tons in 1997. A sizable increase in utility

coal demand was largely offset by reduced demand for

coal exports, resulting in a modest gain.
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 xi

Western

Interior

Appalachian

Figure ES1. Coal-Producing Regions

198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Million Short Tons

U.S. Total

Appalachian

Western

Interior

Figure ES2. Coal Production by Region, 1986-1997

Coal output in Eastern Kentucky rose for the first time

in three years, up by 3 percent in 1997 to 121 million

short tons. The combined output total from Eastern and

Western Kentucky was 156 million short tons, the third

largest after Wyoming and West Virginia.

Interior Region

Overall coal production in the Interior Region declined

by 2 million short tons to 171 million short tons in 1997.

However, production in the Illinois Basin (Illinois,

Indiana, and Western Kentucky) remained about the

same, 113 million short tons. Indiana’s coal production

rose significantly (by 20 percent or 6 million short tons),

offsetting the decline in Illinois (12 percent or 5 million

short tons). 

The increase in Indiana was largely a response to the

decline in Illinois that resulted from the closure of

several mines (e.g., Freeman United’s Orient No. 6 mine,

Consol’s Burning Star No. 4 mine, and Ziegler’s Spartan

mine). Shortfalls in Illinois coal shipments to electric

utilities in Indiana were covered by the production

increase in Indiana. Coal supplies from the Illinois Basin

were tight throughout the year because of mine closures

in the past several years. Even though there was a

substantial decline in nuclear-powered generation in the

Midwestern States, especially in Illinois (as discussed in

the consumption section below), coal production in the

Illinois Basin did not increase.

With production of 53 million short tons, primarily

lignite, Texas, the largest coal-producing State in the

Interior Region, produced 3 percent less in 1997 than it

did in 1996. The production decline reflected a drawdown of stocks at electric utilities in the State, to meet

the increase in coal-fired electricity demand.

Western Region

Coal production in the Western Region rose by 3 percent

in 1997 to 451 million short tons. However, the region’s

coal output still trailed that of Appalachia, historically

the region with the highest U.S. coal production. In

1997, the increase in production from the Western

Region was largely attributable to strong (4 percent)

growth in coal-fired electricity demand in the Mountain

Census Division and a 2-percent increase in the East

North Central Census Division.

In prior years, output growth for the Western Region

has largely been determined by demand growth for

Western coal in Texas and the Midwestern States. 

Coal production in Wyoming, by far the largest coalproducing State in the country, rose by 1 percent to

282 million short tons in 1997, 26 percent of the U.S.

total. The increase in 1997 was far less than the 7-

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Coal Industry

Annual 1996, DOE/EIA-0584(96) (Washington, DC, November

1997).

 Sources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A,

"Coal Production Report" and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine

Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine

Employment and Coal Production Report."
xii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997

Coal-Producing Region

and State 1994 1995 1996 1997

Appalachian Total ..................... 445 435 452 468

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 25 25 24

Kentucky, Eastern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 119 117 121

Maryland ........................... 4 4 4 4

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 26 29 29

Pennsylvania Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 62 68 76

 Anthracite ........................ 5 5 5 5

 Bituminous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 57 63 72

Tennessee .......................... 3 3 4 3

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 34 36 36

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 163 170 174

 Northern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 46 46 43

 Southern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 117 125 131

Interior Total ......................... 180 169 173 171

Arkansas ........................... 0* 0* 0* 0*

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 48 47 41

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 26 30 35

Kansas ............................. 0* 0* 0* 0*

Kentucky, Western . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 35 35 35

Louisiana ........................... 3 4 3 4

Missouri ............................ 1 1 1 0*

Oklahoma .......................... 2 2 2 2

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 53 55 53

Western Total ......................... 408 430 439 451

Alaska ............................. 2 2 1 1

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12 10 12

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 26 25 27

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 39 38 41

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 27 24 27

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 30 30 30

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 25 28 27

Washington ......................... 5 5 5 4

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 264 278 282

U.S. Total ............................ 1,034 1,033 1,064 1,090

 * = Less than 500 thousand short tons.

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report" and U.S. Department of Labor, mine

Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

Table ES2. U.S. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region and State, 1994-1997

(Million Short Tons)

 

percent-average-annual growth between 1990 and 1996,

in part because of the transportation problems experienced by Union Pacific Railroad carrying Powder

River Basin coal to markets in Texas and the Midwest.

With strong utility coal demand in the Mountain Region,

coal production rose substantially in some other coalproducing States in the region&12 percent in Arizona

and in New Mexico, and 10 percent in Colorado.

Colorado’s output of 27 million short tons was a record

high. Montana bounced back from setbacks in 1995 and

1996, producing 41 million short tons, up by 8 percent.

In contrast, coal output in Utah, at 27 million short tons

in 1997, was slightly lower than in 1996. The State’s coal

production was in part constrained by the rail shipment
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 xiii

South Atlantic

156 (4%)

Middle Atlantic

54 (5%)

West 

North Central

124 (1%) East 

North Central

204 (3%)

New England

8 (13%)

East

South Central

100 (3%)

Mountain

105 (4%)

West South Central

144 (3%)

Pacific 

Contiguous

6 (-15%)

Pacific 

Noncontiguous

* (3%)

U.S. Total = 900 (3 %)

Figure ES3. Electric Utility Consumption of Coal by Census Division, 1997

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 1996)

problems for Utah coal being carried to West Coast

ports for export and sales to other domestic customers.

Lignite production in North Dakota was marginally

lower, reflecting a 4-percent decline in coal-fired

electricity generation and a slight decline in synthetic gas

production in the State.

Consumption

Electricity Generation Sector

National Overview

U.S. coal consumption by all users totaled 1,029 million

short tons in 1997, a 2-percent increase over 1996 (Table

ES1). Growth came entirely from the electric utility industry (Figure ES3), as coal consumption in the non-electricity sectors decreased by 1 percent. Electric utilities

burned 900 million short tons and independent power 

producers 22 million short tons, for a total of 922 million

short tons of coal for electricity generation (Figure ES4).

Much of the 3-percent increase in coal use for electricity

generation can be attributed to replacement power for

lost nuclear generation. Many nuclear power generating

units were shut down in 1997, mostly in New England

and the East North Central Census Divisions.

Nationwide, nuclear generation declined by 46

billion kilowatthours, equivalent to about 21 million

short tons of coal (Table ES3).

Growth in retail sales of electricity by U.S. electric

utilities in 1997 was about 1.4 percent, far less than the

3.6-percent growth in gross domestic product&and was

at best a marginal factor in the increased coal use for

electricity generation. Milder than normal temperatures

during the winter and spring months and a cooler than

normal summer led to a 1-percent decline in residential

electricity demand. Commercial use was up by 3 percent

and industrial use remained about the same.

Growth in coal consumption in the electric utility

industry was limited by increases in generation from

*Less than 500 thousand short tons.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Annual 1997, Volume I, July 1998, DOE/EIA-0348(97)/1 (Washington, DC,

July 1998).
xiv Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997

Census Division

Total Coal Gas Hydro Nuclear Other

Net

Change

Percent

Change

Net

Change

Percent

Change

Net

Change

Percent

Change

Net

Change

Percent

Change

Net

Change

Percent

Change

Net

Change

Percent

Change

New England . . . . . . . . -2 -2 2 11 2 20 -1 -17 -14 -46 10 70

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . 10 3 7 5 8 47 1 5 -4 -3 -2 -18

East North Central . . . . -18 -3 8 2 2 61 0* -4 -28 -24 0* -3

West North Central . . . . 3 1 2 1 1 22 1 8 -1 -2 0* 9

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . 18 3 16 4 2 6 -2 -16 0* 0* 3 10

East South Central . . . . 9 3 5 2 -1 -10 0* -1 3 5 1 78

West South Central . . . 7 2 4 2 1 0* 2 39 0* 0* 0* -13

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6 8 4 1 14 5 12 0* 2 0* -19

Pacific Contiguous . . . . 4 1 -1 -13 5 15 3 2 -3 -7 0* -3

Pacific Noncontiguous . 0* -1 0* 3 0* 7 0* -13 0– 0– 0* -2

 U.S. Total . . . . . . . . . . 45 1 50 3 21 8 9 3 -46 -7 11 14

 * Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours or less than 0.5 percent.

 Note: Other category includes petroleum products, geothermal, wood, wind, waste, and solar.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Annual, Volume I, July 1998, DOE/EIA-0348(97)/1 (Washington, DC, July 1998). 

Table ES3. Change in Electric Utility Net Generation by Census Division and Fuel Type,

1997 versus 1996

(Billion Kilowatthours)

198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Million Short Tons

U.S. Total

Electricity Generation

Residential/Commercial

and

Other Industrial Coke Plants

Figure ES4. Coal Consumption by Sector, 1986-1997

 Sources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" Form EIA-867, "Annual

Nonutility Power Producers Report;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant

Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption

Report - Manufacturing Plants;" and Form EIA-6, "Coal

Distribution Report." 

natural gas, hydropower and petroleum. Petroleumfired generation rose for the second consecutive year,

increasing by 8 percent, while gas-fired generation

rebounded from its poor year in 1996, also growing by

8 percent. Hydroelectric generation increased for the

third consecutive year, rising by 3 percent to a record

337 billion kilowatthours.

Overall, coal continued to be the principal energy source

for electric power generation in the United States. Coal’s

share of power generation rose almost 1 percent to 57

percent in 1997 (Figure ES5). In spite of strong demand

growth, 1997 utility coal prices continued the steady

downward trend that started more than a decade ago

(Figure ES6). Ongoing productivity gains in coal mining

and transportation maintained the downward price

trend. Increased shipments of relatively low-cost

western coal and the expiration of high-cost, long-term

coal contracts also contributed to the trend. The average

delivered price of coal to electric utilities declined by 1

percent, from $26.45 per short ton in 1996 to $26.16 per

short ton in 1997.

Regional Summaries

In the New England Census Division, five nuclear power

units, a total of 4 gigawatts generating capacity, were

out of operation in 1997. Although the region’s oil-fired

generation rose by 73 percent over 1996 levels, the drop

in nuclear generation was so large (14 billion

kilowatthours) that increased coal-fired and natural gasfired generation was also needed.

New England’s coal-fired plants consumed 13 percent

(almost 1 million short tons) more coal in 1997, reaching
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 xv

198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997

20

30

40

50

60

Dollars per Short Ton

Coke Plants

Exports

Other Industrial

Imports

Electric Utilities

0

Figure ES6. Coal Prices, 1986-1997

(Nominal Dollars)

Nuclear Hydro Gas Petroleum

and Other

Coal

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Percent

1996 1997

Figure ES5. Share of Electric Power Industry Net

Generation by Energy Source, 1996 vs.

1997

 Sources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal

Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants;" Federal Energy

Regulatory Commission (FERC), FERC Form 423, "Monthly

Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants;" and, U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Monthly

Report EM 545" and “Monthly Report IM 145.”

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Electric Power

Annual 1997, Volume I, July 1998, DOE/EIA-0348(97)/1

(Washington, DC, July 1998); and Form EIA-867, “Annual

Nonutility Power Producers Report.”

a capacity utilization rate of 81 percent. Almost all the

extra coal burned in 1997 came from Appalachia, the

primary source of coal supplies to New England. 

In the East North Central Census Division, total generation dropped by 3 percent or 18 billion kilowatthours,

while nuclear-powered generation declined by 24 percent or 28 billion kilowatthours&62 percent of the total

national decline in nuclear generation. The decline was

centered in Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan, where five

units were out of operation for all of 1997 and another

five were shut down for part of the year. Much of the

10-billion-kilowatthour shortfall was replaced by coalfired generation (8 billion kilowatthours) and, to a lesser

extent, by natural gas-fired generation (2 billion kilowatthours). Coal-fired generation rose by 2 percent,

using 3 percent (5 million short tons) more coal than in

1996, most of which was Western coal.

In the Middle Atlantic Census Division, electricity generation rose by 3 percent, despite a substantial decline in

generation from nuclear and oil-fired plants. Most of the

growth resulted from a resurgence in natural gas generation (up by 47 percent) after a severely depressed 1996

showing. Coal-fired generation also grew strongly, increasing by 5 percent. Coal consumption for electricity

generation also rose by 5 percent. Some of the electricity

generated was sent to other regions, including New

England and the East North Central Census Divisions.

Coal-fired generation was the dominant component of

the South Atlantic Census Division’s 3-percent growth

in generation. Utility coal consumption rose by 6 million

short tons in 1997, the largest tonnage increase of any

region. Four new coal-fired plants that came on line

during 1996 with a combined capacity of 1.4 gigawatts

became fully operational in 1997 and contributed significantly to the increase.

In contrast to the national trend, nuclear-powered

generation rose in the East South Central Region.

Nevertheless, coal-fired generation was the largest

contributor to the region’s 3-percent growth in electricity

production. Coal consumption for electricity generation

rose by 3 million short tons in the region. As in the

Middle Atlantic Census Division, some of the increased

generation was sent to outside regions.

Abundant hydropower generation in the Pacific Northwest, together with higher gas-fired generation, led coalfired generation to decline in the Pacific Contiguous

Region. The decline in coal consumption (1 million short

tons) was slight, however, as coal is only a minor

component of Pacific generation.

The increase in hydroelectric generation also constrained

the growth in coal-fired generation in the neighboring
xvi Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997

Figure ES7. U.S. Coal Exports and Imports, 

1986-1997

Mountain Census Division, which traditionally dispatches a large amount of “coal-by-wire” to the West

Coast States. Nevertheless, coal-fired generation in the

Mountain Census Division increased by 4 percent, an

increase of 4 million short tons of coal over the 1996

level, in response to a 6-percent growth in electricity

demand within the region.

In the West South Central Census Division, electricity

generation rose 2 percent above the 1996 level. This

increase was met by a 2-percent rise in coal-fired

generation and 39-percent higher hydroelectric generation in the region. Coal consumption for electricity

generation rose by 3 percent (4 million short tons) over

1996.

Non-electricity Sectors

Coal consumption in the non-electricity sectors (coke

plants, other industrial plants, and residential/commercial users) totaled 107 million short tons in 1997,

down by 1 percent from the 1996 level of 109 million

short tons. Metallurgical coal consumption (carbonization) at the 26 operating coke plants in the United

Stated declined by 5 percent to 30 million short tons

(Table ES1), and coke production declined by 4 percent

to 22 million short tons. The average price of metallurgical coal delivered to coke plants remained steady at

$47.61 per short ton in 1997, compared with $47.33 per

short ton in 1996.

Coal consumption by other industrial plants and

residential/commercial users remained virtually unchanged at 77 million short tons in 1997. The average

delivered price of coal to industrial consumers was

$32.41 per short ton, up slightly from $32.32 per short

ton in 1996.

Exports and Imports

Exports 

The upward trend in U.S. coal exports over the past 2

years reversed in 1997, as exports declined by 8 percent

to 84 million short tons. The decline was mostly in

steam coal, which fell by 16 percent to a total of 31

million short tons. There were declines in exports of

U.S. steam coal in every world region except North

America (Canada and Mexico). Weak international coal

prices, a strong dollar, and increased competition from

other exporting countries were the major factors contributing to the decline. The average price for U.S. steam

coal exports fell by 5 percent in 1997 to $32.42 per short

ton. The average for metallurgical coal exports remained

almost unchanged at $45.45 per short ton (Figure ES7).

Exports to Europe, the primary market for U.S. steam

coal exports, fell by more than one-third to 13 million

short tons in 1997, with reductions to every major

European country except the United Kingdom (U.K.). In

addition to strong competition from Colombia, Venezuela, and South Africa, interfuel competition from

natural gas in the electricity generation market in Europe

continued to affect U.S. steam coal exports. Among the

major importing countries in Europe, the Netherlands

showed the largest decline&a drop of 2 million short

tons, a 76-percent drop from its purchases of U.S. steam

coal in 1996. Italy’s imports fell by 1 million short tons

(from 4 million short tons in 1996). On the other hand,

exports to the U.K. rose by 15 percent to 4 million short

tons. U.K. imports have risen sharply since 1995, as

subsidies to domestic coal producers were eliminated,

allowing imports to compete.

Steam coal exports to Asia declined by 29 percent to 7

million short tons in 1997. Japan, Taiwan, and

Korea&the major Asian importing countries&all took

less U.S. steam coal. In addition to weak coal prices and

strong competition from Australia and Indonesia, U.S.

exports to Asia were also hurt by the delivery problems

experienced by Union Pacific Railroad (UP) from mines

in Utah and Colorado to the ports of Los Angeles and

Long Beach during the latter half of the year. Also, some

unit trains carrying export coal from Colorado to Mexico

were temporarily suspended as part of UP’s efforts

 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,

“Monthly Report EM 545” and “Monthly Report IM 145.”
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 xvii

 (Service Recovery Plan) to maintain essential services to

its domestic customers, hurting export shipments. These

transportation bottlenecks were reported to have

reduced U.S. coal exports out of the Western Region by

at least 1 million short tons. 

In Africa, Morocco’s imports of U.S. steam coal fell by

over 1 million short tons in 1997 to only about one-tenth

of its 1996 import level, practically drying up the African

market. 

On the positive side, U.S. steam coal exports to Canada

rose by 4.1 million short tons in 1997. Shipments to

Canada were bolstered by increased purchases by

Ontario Hydro, which shut down several nuclear power

plants for upgrades and substituted increased coal-fired

generation for the lost nuclear generation (a situation

that is expected to continue for the next 3 years). Mexico

took almost a half million short tons more U.S. steam

coal in 1997 than it did in 1996. The increased shipments

to Mexico reflected a new multi-year contract for

Cypress Amax Coal Company to supply coal to the

Commission Federal de Electricidad’s C.T. Carbon II

generating station. Shipments to Mexico would have

been even larger in 1997, had there not been rail delivery

problems between Colorado and Mexico.

U.S. metallurgical coal exports also fell in 1997, but only

slightly, by 2 percent to 52 million short tons. The high

quality of U.S. metallurgical coal, coupled with strong

growth in pig iron production worldwide in 1997,

especially in Europe and Asia, maintained the export

volume and price of U.S. metallurgical coal in 1997.

Exports to Canada declined by 1 million short tons, but

the decline was largely offset by an almost equal

increase in exports to Brazil. Shipments to Asia fell by

about 1 million short tons to 8 million short tons, but

exports to Europe, by far the largest market for U.S.

metallurgical coal, rose by over one half million short

tons to 29 million short tons. Brazil remained the largest

importer of U.S. metallurgical coal with over 7 million

short tons in 1997, followed by Canada, Japan, Italy, and

the Netherlands, each of which imported 4 to 5 million

short tons.

Imports

U.S. coal imports totaled 7 million short tons in 1997, a

5-percent increase over 1996. Imports represented less

than 1 percent of total US consumption and were

equivalent to less than 10 percent of total US exports.

The average price of all imported coal to the United

States edged up by 3 percent from $33.45 per short ton

in 1996 to $34.32 per short ton in 1997 (Figure ES6).

After nearly doubling from 4 million short tons to 7

million short tons between 1992 and 1993, the level of

U.S. coal imports has remained steady. The jump in 1993

came about as East Coast and Gulf Coast utilities turned

to imports to offset losses of supply that resulted from

floods in the Midwest and strikes by the United Mine

Workers of America. In subsequent years, many of

these utilities have maintained their level of imports as

a means of assisting in meeting CAAA Phase I requirements for sulfur emission reductions, which became

effective on January 1, 1995. U.S. imports of steam coal

are invariably low-sulfur coal. 

Colombia remained the largest supplier of U.S. imports,

with 3 million short tons, followed by Venezuela,

Indonesia, and Canada, each increasing by 1 million

short tons. U.S. imports were primarily steam coal for

electricity generation, but coal from Canada was largely

metallurgical coal used by coke plants in Indiana,

Michigan, and Illinois. The largest importers of steam

coal were New England Power Company, Jacksonville

Electric Authority, Tampa Electric Company, and

Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corporation.

Together, they received more than 85 percent of all U.S.

steam coal imports.

Coal Stocks

At the end of 1997, coal stocks in the United States

totaled 141 million short tons, a decrease of 11 million

short tons from their level a year earlier. Consumers,

primarily electric utilities, held a total of 107 million

short tons in coal stocks, down by 16 million short tons,

and coal producers and distributors held 34 million

short tons, up by 4 million short tons from the 1996 yearend level (Figure ES8).

Year-end utility coal stocks fell to 99 million short tons,

a drawdown of 16 million short tons from the 1996 level.

Utility coal stocks declined in every region except the

East North Central Census Division and nearly every

State west of the Mississippi River. The drawdown was

largely attributable to the severe delivery problems

experienced by Union Pacific Railroad during the second

half of the year. The area hardest hit was the West

South Central Census Division, where Texas drew down

4 million short tons of coal from stockpiles, or 38

percent, and Arkansas drew down 2 million short tons,

or 65 percent. In the East, utility coal stocks also

generally declined, except in the East South Central

Census Division, where coal stocks rose by 10 percent.

Year-end coal stocks at other industrial plants were

down 2 percent from 1996 levels, at 6 million short tons.
xviii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997

198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997

0

50

100

150

200

250

Million Short Tons

Total

Electric Utilities

Producer/Distributor

Coke Plants Other Industrial

Figure ES8. Year-End Coal Stocks, 1986-1997

 Sources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA759, "Monthly Power Plant Report;" Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant

Report - Quarterly;" Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption

Report - Manufacturing Plants;" and, EIA-6, "Coal Distribution

Report."

Coke plant coal stocks showed a sharper decline, down

9 percent to 2 million short tons.

Producer and distributor stocks increased in every

region, but there were large differences among States. In

the West, coal stocks rose in Arizona, Colorado, and

Utah, almost 1 million short tons each, primarily as a

result of delayed shipments from mines to consumers.

Stocks declined almost 1 million short tons in New

Mexico. In the East, stocks rose by 1 million short tons in

Kentucky and in Virginia, but anthracite stocks declined

by 1 million short tons in Pennsylvania.
Supply

Production

U.S. coal production during 1997 increased 2.4

percent to 1,089.9 million short tons (Table 1). The

largest ranking coal- producing State was Wyoming

with 281.9 million short tons; the lowest, Arkansas

with 18,000 short tons. The three highest ranking coal

producing states were Wyoming, West Virginia and

Kentucky, which together accounted for 56 percent of

the coal produced in the United States. Each of these

states inceased by 3.4 million short tons (Wyoming

and Kentucky) and 3.3 million short tons (West

Virginia), respectively. Only 14 of the 25 coal

producing States showed an increase in 1997.

Coal production increased in the Appalachian and

Western Regions increased by 3.5 and 2.8 percent,

respectively. Increases in Appalachia's production

occured in Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia,

and West Virginia, resulting in the largest increase of

any region, 15.9 million short tons (3.5 percent). The

Western Region increased 12.2 million short tons, an

increase of 2.8 percent. Over the last decade, the

Appalachian Region has only increased at an average

annual rate of 0.4 percent, while the Western Region

increased 4.3 percent. During the same time period,

the Interior Region declined at an average annual rate

of 1.3 percent.

U.S. coal producers operated 1,828 mines during

1997, including 874 underground mines and 954

surface mines (Table 3). Underground mines produced

421 million short tons and represented 39 percent of

total coal production while surface mines produced

669.3 million short tons and accounted for 61 percent

of production. Underground mines east of the

Mississippiaccounted for 88.7 percent of all underground coal production in 1997. Surface mines west

of the Mississippi represented 69 percent of total

surface coal production in 1997. Of the top 20 coal

mines in the United States, 19 are surface mines, all

located west of the Mississippi; they accounted for

29.4 percent of total U.S. coal production. Nine of the

top ten mines in the United States are in Wyoming

and represent 20 percent of total U.S. coal production.

Productive Capacity

The total estimated productive capacity of U.S. coal

mines in 1997 was 1,325 million short tons, virtually

no change since last year (Table 16). Total coal mine

capacity utilization (defined as the ratio of actual production to productive capacity) was 82 percent, due to

an increase in the Appalachian and Interior Regions

by 5 and 6 percent, respectively (Table 17). The

largest estimate of productive capacity accounted for

mines that produce more than 1 million short tons.

Recoverable Reserves

Estimated recoverable U.S. coal reserves at producing

mines in 1997 totaled 19 billion short tons, a slight

decrease since 1996 (Table 25). Recoverable reserves

at producing mines in the Western Region accounted

for 62.3 percent of total reserves, with reserves at

producing mines in the Appalachian and Interior

Regions representing 24.1 percent and 13.5 percent,

respectively.

The average recovery percentage for all U.S.

producing mines in 1997 was estimates at 80.8

percent (Table 26). The estimated recovery percent

for all underground mines in 1997 was 57.1 percent,

and 90.1 percent at surface mines.

Producers and Distributors Stocks

Coal stocks held by U.S. coal producers and distributors at the end of 1997 totaled 34 million short tons,

an increase of 18.6 percent compared with stocks at

year-end 1996.

Coal Imports

U.S. coal imports during 1997 totaled 7.5 million

short tons, 5 percent more than the 7.1 million short

tons imported during 1996 (Table 35). Since 1988,

U.S. coal imports have increased at an average annual

rate of 15 percent.

Colombia, Venezuela, Indonesia, and Canada were the

major sources of imported coal during 1997. They

contributed 7.3 million short tons and accounted for

97 percent of total coal imports.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 1 
Table 1. Coal Production by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 24,468 24,637 24,640 23,266 24,768 26,518 −0.7 −0.3 −0.9

Alaska .................................................. 1,450 1,481 1,698 1,567 1,601 1,745 −2.1 −2.4 −2.0

Arizona ................................................ 11,723 10,442 11,947 13,056 12,173 12,398 12.3 −.9 −.6

Arkansas .............................................. 18 21 29 51 44 276 −12.3 −19.8 −26.0

California ............................................. − − − − − 54 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 27,449 24,886 25,710 25,304 21,886 15,913 10.3 5.8 6.2

Illinois .................................................. 41,159 46,656 48,180 52,797 41,098 58,594 −11.8 * −3.8

Indiana ................................................. 35,497 29,670 26,007 30,927 29,295 31,271 19.6 4.9 1.4

Iowa ..................................................... − − − 46 175 341 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 360 232 285 284 341 737 54.8 1.3 −7.7

Kentucky Total .................................... 155,853 152,425 153,739 161,642 156,299 157,852 2.2 −.1 −.1

Eastern .............................................. 120,918 116,951 118,541 124,447 120,191 117,524 3.4 .1 .3

Western ............................................. 34,936 35,474 35,198 37,195 36,108 40,328 −1.5 −.8 −1.6

Louisiana.............................................. 3,545 3,221 3,719 3,463 3,134 2,889 10.1 3.1 2.3

Maryland.............................................. 4,160 4,093 3,667 3,632 3,355 3,242 1.6 5.5 2.8

Missouri ............................................... 401 710 548 838 653 4,169 −43.5 −11.5 −22.9

Montana ............................................... 41,005 37,891 39,451 41,640 35,917 38,881 8.2 3.4 .6

New Mexico ........................................ 27,025 24,067 26,813 28,041 28,268 21,803 12.3 −1.1 2.4

North Dakota ....................................... 29,580 29,861 30,112 32,286 31,973 29,731 −.9 −1.9 *

Ohio ..................................................... 29,154 28,572 26,118 29,897 28,816 34,043 2.0 .3 −1.7

Oklahoma............................................. 1,621 1,701 1,876 1,911 1,758 2,136 −4.7 −2.0 −3.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 76,198 67,942 61,576 62,237 59,700 70,645 12.1 6.3 .8

Anthracite.......................................... 4,678 4,751 4,682 4,621 4,306 3,555 −1.5 2.1 3.1

Bituminous........................................ 71,520 63,190 56,893 57,616 55,394 67,091 13.2 6.6 .7

Tennessee............................................. 3,300 3,651 3,221 2,987 3,047 6,510 −9.6 2.0 −7.3

Texas.................................................... 53,328 55,164 52,684 52,346 54,567 52,281 −3.3 −.6 .2

Utah...................................................... 26,683 27,507 25,167 24,399 21,847 18,163 −3.0 5.1 4.4

Virginia ................................................ 35,837 35,590 34,099 37,129 39,317 45,886 .7 −2.3 −2.7

Washington .......................................... 4,495 4,565 4,868 4,893 4,739 5,170 −1.5 −1.3 −1.5

West Virginia Total............................. 173,743 170,433 162,997 161,776 130,525 145,005 1.9 7.4 2.0

Northern ............................................ 42,802 45,910 46,114 49,316 33,802 53,252 −6.8 6.1 −2.4

Southern ............................................ 130,941 124,523 116,883 112,460 96,723 91,753 5.1 7.9 4.0

Wyoming ............................................. 281,881 278,440 263,822 237,092 210,129 164,014 1.2 7.6 6.2

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 467,778 451,868 434,861 445,370 409,718 449,373 3.5 3.4 .4

Interior Total1 ................................... 170,863 172,848 168,526 179,858 167,174 193,022 −1.1 .5 −1.3

Western Total1 .................................. 451,291 439,140 429,587 408,276 368,532 307,871 2.8 5.2 4.3

East of Miss. River............................ 579,369 563,668 544,246 566,289 516,219 579,565 2.8 2.9 *

West of Miss. River........................... 510,563 500,188 488,728 467,216 429,205 370,700 2.1 4.4 3.6

U.S. Total............................................ 1,089,932 1,063,856 1,032,974 1,033,504 945,424 950,265 2.4 3.6 1.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

4 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 51 53 73 85 85 104 −3.8 −12.0 −7.6

Alaska .................................................. 1 1 1 1 1 1 −− −

Arizona ................................................ 2 2 2 2 2 2 −− −

Arkansas .............................................. 3 5 3 6 6 7 −40.0 −15.9 −9.0

California ............................................. − − − − − 1 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 14 15 17 18 20 23 −6.7 −8.5 −5.4

Illinois .................................................. 28 31 31 34 39 48 −9.7 −7.9 −5.8

Indiana ................................................. 39 37 42 55 56 73 5.4 −8.6 −6.7

Iowa ..................................................... − − − 124 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 3 1 1 1 2 6 200.0 10.7 −7.4

Kentucky Total .................................... 529 544 598 673 696 1,230 −2.8 −6.6 −8.9

Eastern .............................................. 482 484 540 607 622 1,140 −.4 −6.2 −9.1

Western ............................................. 47 60 58 66 74 90 −21.7 −10.7 −7.0

Louisiana.............................................. 2 2 2 2 2 1 − − 8.0

Maryland.............................................. 18 18 20 20 21 29 − −3.8 −5.2

Missouri ............................................... 4 5 6 6 7 10 −20.0 −13.0 −9.7

Montana ............................................... 8 8 8 8 8 9 −−−1.3

New Mexico ........................................ 6 6 7 7 7 10 − −3.8 −5.5

North Dakota ....................................... 6 5 6 6 8 12 20.0 −6.9 −7.4

Ohio ..................................................... 81 99 113 134 135 215 −18.2 −12.0 −10.3

Oklahoma............................................. 11 12 13 14 17 24 −8.3 −10.3 −8.3

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 403 402 459 505 524 716 .2 −6.3 −6.2

Anthracite.......................................... 131 127 134 143 148 206 3.1 −3.0 −4.9

Bituminous........................................ 272 275 325 362 376 510 −1.1 −7.8 −6.7

Tennessee............................................. 27 26 25 24 37 105 3.8 −7.6 −14.0

Texas.................................................... 12 13 14 13 14 14 −7.7 −3.8 −1.7

Utah...................................................... 12 11 13 14 15 20 9.1 −5.4 −5.5

Virginia ................................................ 191 191 194 231 237 413 − −5.3 −8.2

Washington .......................................... 3 3 3 3 3 4 −−−3.1

West Virginia Total............................. 349 386 424 462 502 747 −9.6 −8.7 −8.1

Northern ............................................ 80 93 98 116 137 236 −14.0 −12.6 −11.3

Southern ............................................ 269 293 326 346 365 511 −8.2 −7.3 −6.9

Wyoming ............................................. 25 27 29 29 29 32 −7.4 −3.6 −2.7

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 1,602 1,659 1,848 2,068 2,163 3,469 −3.4 −7.2 −8.2

Interior Total1 ................................... 149 166 170 198 219 277 −10.2 −9.2 −6.6

Western Total1 .................................. 77 78 86 88 93 114 −1.3 −4.6 −4.3

East of Miss. River............................ 1,716 1,787 1,979 2,223 2,332 3,680 −4.0 −7.4 −8.1

West of Miss. River........................... 112 116 125 131 143 180 −3.4 −5.9 −5.1

U.S. Total............................................ 1,828 1,903 2,104 2,354 2,475 3,860 −3.9 −7.3 −8.0

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 5 
Table 3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and Region Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Alabama .................................................. 11 18,505 40 5,963 51 24,468

Alaska ..................................................... − − 1 1,450 1 1,450

Arizona .................................................... − − 2 11,723 2 11,723

Arkansas .................................................. − − 3 18 3 18

Colorado .................................................. 10 17,820 4 9,628 14 27,449

Illinois ..................................................... 19 34,824 9 6,334 28 41,159

Indiana .................................................... 4 3,530 35 31,967 39 35,497

Kansas ..................................................... − − 3 360 3 360

Kentucky Total ....................................... 308 96,302 221 59,551 529 155,853

Eastern .................................................. 289 69,928 193 50,990 482 120,918

Western ................................................ 19 26,374 28 8,561 47 34,936

Louisiana ................................................. − − 2 3,545 2 3,545

Maryland ................................................. 3 3,301 15 859 18 4,160

Missouri .................................................. − − 4 401 4 401

Montana .................................................. 1 8 7 40,997 8 41,005

New Mexico ........................................... − − 6 27,025 6 27,025

North Dakota .......................................... − − 6 29,580 6 29,580

Ohio ........................................................ 9 16,949 72 12,205 81 29,154

Oklahoma ................................................ 1 212 10 1,409 11 1,621

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 94 54,829 309 21,369 403 76,198

Anthracite ............................................. 40 419 91 4,259 131 4,678

Bituminous ........................................... 54 54,410 218 17,110 272 71,520

Tennessee ................................................ 14 1,396 13 1,904 27 3,300

Texas ....................................................... − − 12 53,328 12 53,328

Utah ......................................................... 12 26,683 − − 12 26,683

Virginia ................................................... 148 26,929 43 8,907 191 35,837

Washington ............................................. − − 3 4,495 3 4,495

West Virginia Total................................ 239 116,523 110 57,220 349 173,743

Northern ............................................... 46 37,056 34 5,746 80 42,802

Southern ............................................... 193 79,467 76 51,474 269 130,941

Wyoming ................................................ 1 2,846 24 279,035 25 281,881

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 807 308,360 795 159,418 1,602 467,778

Interior Total1 ...................................... 43 64,941 106 105,923 149 170,863

Western Total1...................................... 24 47,357 53 403,934 77 451,291

East of Miss. River ............................... 849 373,089 867 206,281 1,716 579,369

West of Miss. River.............................. 25 47,569 87 462,994 112 510,563

U.S. Total............................................... 874 420,657 954 669,274 1,828 1,089,932

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

6 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Alabama ................................................. 11 18,505 40 5,963 51 24,468

Bibb ................................................... − − 1 21 1 21

Blount ................................................ − − 1616

Cullman ............................................. − − 2 74 2 74

Fayette ............................................... 1 1,992 − − 1 1,992

Jackson .............................................. − − 1 45 1 45

Jefferson ............................................ 5 9,069 3 1,301 8 10,370

Marion ............................................... − − 2 130 2 130

Shelby ............................................... 1 853 − − 1 853

Tuscaloosa ........................................ 3 6,075 3 582 6 6,656

Walker ............................................... 1 515 25 3,562 26 4,078

Winston ............................................. − − 2 243 2 243

Alaska ..................................................... − − 1 1,450 1 1,450

Yukon River ..................................... − − 1 1,450 1 1,450

Arizona ................................................... − − 2 11,723 2 11,723

Navajo ............................................... − − 2 11,723 2 11,723

Arkansas ................................................ − − 3 18 3 18

Johnson ............................................. − − 2 14 2 14

Sebastian ........................................... − − 1515

Colorado ................................................ 10 17,820 4 9,628 14 27,449

Delta .................................................. 2 804 − − 2 804

Fremont ............................................. 1 227 − − 1 227

Garfield ............................................. 1 49 − − 1 49

Gunnison ........................................... 2 7,322 − − 2 7,322

La Plata............................................. 1 222 − − 1 222

Mesa .................................................. 1 430 − − 1 430

Moffat ............................................... − − 2 7,557 2 7,557

Montrose ........................................... − − 1 386 1 386

Rio Blanco ........................................ 1 1,514 − − 1 1,514

Routt .................................................. 1 7,252 1 1,685 2 8,937

Illinois ..................................................... 19 34,824 9 6,334 28 41,159

Gallatin .............................................. 1 1,563 − − 1 1,563

Jackson .............................................. − − 1 139 1 139

Jefferson ............................................ 2 4,337 − − 2 4,337

Logan ................................................ 1 2,059 − − 1 2,059

Macoupin .......................................... 3 6,478 − − 3 6,478

McDonough ...................................... − − 1 596 1 596

Perry .................................................. 1 2,017 2 4,087 3 6,104

Randolph ........................................... 3 3,024 − − 3 3,024

Saline ................................................ 4 7,319 1 986 5 8,305

Schuyler ............................................ − − 2 480 2 480

Vermilion .......................................... 1 635 − − 1 635

Wabash .............................................. 1 1,406 − − 1 1,406

Washington ....................................... 1 3,977 − − 1 3,977

White ................................................. 1 2,009 − − 1 2,009

Williamson ........................................ − − 2 46 2 46

Indiana ................................................... 4 3,530 35 31,967 39 35,497

Clay ................................................... − − 4 1,604 4 1,604

Daviess .............................................. − − 5 3,936 5 3,936

Dubois ............................................... − − 1 373 1 373

Gibson ............................................... 1 182 3 2,694 4 2,876

Greene ............................................... − − 2 2,145 2 2,145

Knox .................................................. 3 3,348 3 1,857 6 5,205

Owen ................................................. − − 2 969 2 969

Pike ................................................... − − 6 4,465 6 4,465

Sullivan ............................................. − − 2 4,830 2 4,830

Vigo .................................................. − − 2 3,652 2 3,652

Warrick ............................................. − − 5 5,442 5 5,442

Kansas .................................................... − − 3 360 3 360

Crawford ........................................... − − 1 91 1 91

Linn ................................................... − − 2 268 2 268

Kentucky ................................................ 308 96,302 221 59,551 529 155,853

Bell .................................................... 15 3,325 14 1,638 29 4,963

Breathitt ............................................ − − 6 4,312 6 4,312

Butler ................................................ − − 2 117 2 117

Clay ................................................... − − 8 330 8 330

Daviess .............................................. − − 2 731 2 731

Floyd ................................................. 34 2,898 10 3,461 44 6,358

Harlan ................................................ 29 9,026 11 1,578 40 10,604

Henderson ......................................... 1 800 2 1,232 3 2,032

Hopkins ............................................. 7 4,113 7 3,401 14 7,515

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 7 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Kentucky (Continued)

Jackson .............................................. − − 1*1*

Johnson ............................................. 3 1,328 4 308 7 1,635

Knott ................................................. 25 5,119 17 7,005 42 12,124

Knox .................................................. 10 444 7 116 17 560

Lawrence ........................................... 1 60 2 174 3 235

Leslie ................................................. 8 7,354 10 2,580 18 9,935

Letcher .............................................. 22 6,061 23 2,971 45 9,032

Magoffin ........................................... − − 2 1,331 2 1,331

Martin ................................................ 22 7,093 10 5,437 32 12,530

McLean ............................................. 1 1,104 3 239 4 1,344

Morgan .............................................. − − 1111

Muhlenberg ....................................... 2 2,925 3 323 5 3,248

Ohio .................................................. − − 7 1,476 7 1,476

Owsley .............................................. − − 4 113 4 113

Perry .................................................. 17 4,841 16 6,639 33 11,480

Pike ................................................... 100 22,129 42 12,823 142 34,953

Union ................................................ 3 7,864 − − 3 7,864

Webster ............................................. 5 9,568 2 1,041 7 10,610

Whitley .............................................. 3 248 5 174 8 422

Louisiana ................................................ − − 2 3,545 2 3,545

De Soto ............................................. − − 1 2,534 1 2,534

Red River.......................................... − − 1 1,011 1 1,011

Maryland ............................................... 3 3,301 15 859 18 4,160

Allegany ............................................ − − 9 561 9 561

Garrett ............................................... 3 3,301 6 298 9 3,598

Missouri ................................................. − − 4 401 4 401

Barton ................................................ − − 1 73 1 73

Bates .................................................. − − 2 297 2 297

Vernon .............................................. − − 1 30 1 30

Montana ................................................. 1 8 7 40,997 8 41,005

Big Horn ........................................... − − 4 27,275 4 27,275

Musselshell ....................................... 1 8 − − 1 8

Richland ............................................ − − 1 242 1 242

Rosebud ............................................ − − 2 13,480 2 13,480

New Mexico ........................................... − − 6 27,025 6 27,025

Colfax ................................................ − − 1 1,244 1 1,244

McKinley .......................................... − − 2 11,464 2 11,464

San Juan............................................ − − 3 14,318 3 14,318

North Dakota ........................................ − − 6 29,580 6 29,580

Bowman ............................................ − − 1111

McLean ............................................. − − 1 7,164 1 7,164

Mercer ............................................... − − 2 17,080 2 17,080

Oliver ................................................ − − 2 5,334 2 5,334

Ohio ........................................................ 9 16,949 72 12,205 81 29,154

Belmont ............................................. 1 5,102 6 1,635 7 6,737

Carroll ............................................... − − 4 58 4 58

Columbiana ....................................... 2 337 5 443 7 779

Coshocton ......................................... − − 6 368 6 368

Gallia ................................................. − − 1 333 1 333

Guernsey ........................................... − − 5 481 5 481

Harrison ............................................ 1 1,386 7 704 8 2,090

Holmes .............................................. − − 1 122 1 122

Jackson .............................................. − − 3 1,147 3 1,147

Jefferson ............................................ 2 477 6 429 8 907

Lawrence ........................................... − − 1616

Meigs ................................................ 2 6,405 − − 2 6,405

Monroe .............................................. 1 3,243 − − 1 3,243

Muskingum ....................................... − − 3 701 3 701

Noble ................................................. − − 4 870 4 870

Perry .................................................. − − 5 1,234 5 1,234

Stark .................................................. − − 4 546 4 546

Tuscarawas ........................................ − − 8 1,317 8 1,317

Vinton ............................................... − − 3 1,809 3 1,809

Oklahoma .............................................. 1 212 10 1,409 11 1,621

Craig .................................................. − − 1 190 1 190

Haskell .............................................. − − 1 201 1 201

Latimer .............................................. − − 1 274 1 274

Le Flore ............................................ 1 212 5 549 6 761

Nowata .............................................. − − 1 189 1 189

Okmulgee .......................................... − − 1616

See footnotes at end of table.

8 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Pennsylvania .......................................... 94 54,829 309 21,369 403 76,198

Allegheny .......................................... 1 * 2 41 3 41

Armstrong ......................................... 10 4,392 19 1,558 29 5,949

Beaver ............................................... − − 1 89 1 89

Blair .................................................. − − 1 36 1 36

Butler ................................................ − − 7 112 7 112

Cambria ............................................. 2 106 13 1,323 15 1,429

Centre ................................................ − − 3 388 3 388

Clarion .............................................. − − 9 683 9 683

Clearfield .......................................... 2 163 44 4,438 46 4,602

Columbia ........................................... 2 175 5 749 7 923

Dauphin ............................................. 1 * 1 10 2 10

Elk ..................................................... − − 5 643 5 643

Fayette ............................................... − − 17 388 17 388

Greene ............................................... 11 35,324 3 38 14 35,362

Indiana .............................................. 10 3,941 20 879 30 4,820

Jefferson ............................................ 4 614 22 929 26 1,543

Lackawanna ...................................... − − 5 83 5 83

Lawrence ........................................... − − 1 17 1 17

Luzerne ............................................. − − 18 897 18 897

Lycoming .......................................... − − 1 407 1 407

Mercer ............................................... − − 1414

Northumberland ................................ 8 36 10 282 18 318

Schuylkill .......................................... 29 209 50 2,222 79 2,430

Snyder ............................................... − − 1*1*

Somerset ............................................ 11 2,097 30 3,508 41 5,605

Sullivan ............................................. − − 1 17 1 17

Venango ............................................ − − 1 68 1 68

Washington ....................................... 3 7,773 6 691 9 8,464

Westmoreland ................................... − − 12 872 12 872

Tennessee ............................................... 14 1,396 13 1,904 27 3,300

Anderson ........................................... 3 173 1 260 4 434

Campbell ........................................... 6 593 3 283 9 876

Claiborne ........................................... 1 231 6 441 7 672

Fentress ............................................. − − 1 288 1 288

Marion ............................................... − − 1 53 1 53

Morgan .............................................. 1 56 − − 1 56

Scott .................................................. 2 108 − − 2 108

Sequatchie ......................................... 1 235 1 579 2 814

Texas ...................................................... − − 12 53,328 12 53,328

Atascosa ............................................ − − 1 3,487 1 3,487

Freestone ........................................... − − 1 5,127 1 5,127

Harrison ............................................ − − 2 4,422 2 4,422

Hopkins ............................................. − − 1 2,219 1 2,219

Leon .................................................. − − 1 8,799 1 8,799

Milam ................................................ − − 1 6,370 1 6,370

Panola ................................................ − − 1 7,248 1 7,248

Robertson .......................................... − − 1 1,715 1 1,715

Rusk .................................................. − − 1 5,808 1 5,808

Titus .................................................. − − 1 7,779 1 7,779

Webb ................................................. − − 1 353 1 353

Utah ........................................................ 12 26,683 − − 12 26,683

Carbon ............................................... 7 10,104 − − 7 10,104

Emery ................................................ 4 11,640 − − 4 11,640

Sevier ................................................ 1 4,939 − − 1 4,939

Virginia .................................................. 148 26,929 43 8,907 191 35,837

Buchanan .......................................... 67 13,219 7 1,201 74 14,420

Dickenson ......................................... 14 1,845 9 1,212 23 3,058

Lee .................................................... 5 1,234 4 237 9 1,471

Russell ............................................... 7 897 3 236 10 1,133

Tazewell ............................................ 17 1,705 − − 17 1,705

Wise .................................................. 38 8,029 20 6,020 58 14,049

Washington ............................................ − − 3 4,495 3 4,495

King .................................................. − − 1 67 1 67

Lewis ................................................. − − 1 3,211 1 3,211

Thurston ............................................ − − 1 1,217 1 1,217

West Virginia ........................................ 239 116,523 110 57,220 349 173,743

Barbour ............................................. 5 1,292 2 79 7 1,371

Boone ................................................ 27 18,712 15 11,890 42 30,602

Braxton .............................................. 1 413 − − 1 413

Brooke ............................................... 1 1,539 − − 1 1,539

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 9 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

West Virginia (Continued)

Clay ................................................... − − 4 6,902 4 6,902

Fayette ............................................... 3 862 4 2,844 7 3,706

Gilmer ............................................... 1 15 − − 1 15

Grant ................................................. 2 1,254 2 663 4 1,917

Greenbrier ......................................... 2 501 2 27 4 528

Harrison ............................................ 5 5,144 7 148 12 5,292

Kanawha ........................................... 8 4,246 5 4,651 13 8,897

Lincoln .............................................. 1 47 − − 1 47

Logan ................................................ 17 5,276 12 15,191 29 20,467

Marion ............................................... 1 4,806 3 91 4 4,897

Marshall ............................................ 2 10,131 − − 2 10,131

McDowell ......................................... 63 4,826 11 1,847 74 6,673

Mineral .............................................. − − 2 122 2 122

Mingo ................................................ 24 17,327 13 5,097 37 22,424

Monongalia ....................................... 8 6,365 4 1,269 12 7,635

Nicholas ............................................ 8 2,104 1 501 9 2,605

Preston .............................................. 6 1,608 6 135 12 1,743

Raleigh .............................................. 19 12,812 3 1,070 22 13,882

Randolph ........................................... 4 626 − − 4 626

Tucker ............................................... − − 1 193 1 193

Upshur ............................................... 5 1,315 5 270 10 1,585

Wayne ............................................... 4 3,715 2 679 6 4,394

Webster ............................................. 5 2,548 2 2,776 7 5,324

Wyoming .......................................... 17 9,039 4 775 21 9,814

Wyoming ................................................ 1 2,846 24 279,035 25 281,881

Campbell ........................................... − − 15 246,281 15 246,281

Carbon ............................................... 1 2,846 2 2,552 3 5,398

Converse ........................................... − − 2 17,701 2 17,701

Lincoln .............................................. − − 2 4,607 2 4,607

Sheridan ............................................ − − 1 44 1 44

Sweetwater ........................................ − − 2 7,849 2 7,849

U.S. Total............................................... 874 420,657 954 669,274 1,828 1,089,932

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

10 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... 999 − 15,235 2,271 18,505

Colorado .............................................. 3,333 − 14,487 − 17,820

Illinois .................................................. 22,564 23 12,238 − 34,824

Indiana ................................................. 3,530 − − − 3,530

Kentucky Total .................................... 73,159 9,588 13,000 555 96,302

Eastern .............................................. 55,623 8,484 5,266 555 69,928

Western ............................................. 17,536 1,104 7,734 − 26,374

Maryland .............................................. 369 − 2,932 − 3,301

Montana ............................................... − 8 − − 8

Ohio ..................................................... 2,200 − 14,750 − 16,949

Oklahoma............................................. 212 − − − 212

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 12,385 781 41,619 45 54,829

Anthracite .......................................... 190 184 − 45 419

Bituminous ........................................ 12,195 596 41,619 − 54,410

Tennessee ............................................. 1,206 191 − − 1,396

Utah ...................................................... 3,833 579 22,271 − 26,683

Virginia ................................................ 13,063 5,982 7,885 − 26,929

West Virginia Total............................. 63,551 4,936 47,513 523 116,523

Northern ............................................ 7,125 1,276 28,132 523 37,056

Southern ............................................ 56,426 3,660 19,381 − 79,467

Wyoming ............................................. − − 2,846 − 2,846

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 149,394 20,373 135,199 3,394 308,360

Interior Total5 ................................... 43,842 1,127 19,972 − 64,941

Western Total5 .................................. 7,166 587 39,605 − 47,357

East of Miss. River............................ 193,024 21,500 155,171 3,394 373,089

West of Miss. River........................... 7,378 587 39,605 − 47,569

U.S. Total............................................ 200,402 22,087 194,775 3,394 420,657

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 11 
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine

Production Range, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Number of Mines Production

Mine Production Range

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons)

and Type of Mining

 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less

 and to to to to than and to to to to than

 over 1,000 500 200 100 10 over 1,000 500 200 100 10

Alabama .................................................................... 8 3 7 7 21 5 18,132 2,328 2,207 863 913 25

Underground ........................................................ 7 2 − 1 1 − 16,990 1,369 − 116 30 −

Surface ................................................................. 1 1 7 6 20 5 1,142 959 2,207 746 883 25

Alaska........................................................................ 1 −−−−− 1,450 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 1 −−−−− 1,450 − − − − −

Arizona...................................................................... 2 −−−−− 11,723 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 2 −−−−− 11,723 − − − − −

Arkansas ................................................................... −−−− 1 2 − − − − 10 8

Surface ................................................................. −−−− 1 2 − − − − 10 8

Colorado .................................................................... 714 − 2 − 25,330 756 1,265 − 97 −

Underground ........................................................ 4 1 3 − 2 − 16,088 756 879 − 97 −

Surface ................................................................. 3 − 1 −−− 9,242 − 386 − − −

Illinois ........................................................................ 16 4 2 1 4 1 37,096 3,103 726 139 87 7

Underground ........................................................ 14 2 1 − 2 − 33,008 1,521 254 − 41 −

Surface ................................................................. 2 2 1 1 2 1 4,087 1,582 473 139 46 7

Indiana ...................................................................... 14 11 9 3 2 − 24,876 7,002 3,046 511 63 −

Underground ........................................................ 2 − − 2 − − 3,207 − − 323 − −

Surface ................................................................. 12 11 9 1 2 − 21,669 7,002 3,046 188 63 −

Kansas....................................................................... −−− 1 2 − − − − 170 189 −

Surface ................................................................. −−− 1 2 − − − − 170 189 −

Kentucky Total ........................................................ 36 61 104 87 183 58 60,964 41,397 32,468 12,546 8,239 239

Underground ........................................................ 24 32 61 55 115 21 42,513 21,708 18,547 8,014 5,416 105

Surface ................................................................. 12 29 43 32 68 37 18,451 19,689 13,921 4,533 2,823 134

Eastern ................................................................... 24 51 95 82 178 52 36,771 34,389 29,773 11,814 7,952 218

Underground ........................................................ 13 28 59 54 114 21 19,786 18,852 17,980 7,863 5,343 105

Surface ................................................................. 11 23 36 28 64 31 16,985 15,538 11,793 3,952 2,609 113

Western .................................................................. 12 10 9 5 5 6 24,193 7,007 2,695 732 287 21

Underground ........................................................ 11 4 2 1 1 − 22,727 2,856 567 151 73 −

Surface ................................................................. 1 6 7 4 4 6 1,466 4,151 2,128 581 214 21

Louisiana................................................................... 2 −−−−− 3,545 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 2 −−−−− 3,545 − − − − −

Maryland .................................................................. 1 − 2 1 11 3 2,932 − 551 109 550 18

Underground ........................................................ 1 − 1 − 1 − 2,932 − 306 − 63 −

Surface ................................................................. − − 1 1 10 3 − − 245 109 487 18

Missouri .................................................................... − − 1 − 2 1 − − 292 − 103 5

Surface ................................................................. − − 1 − 2 1 − − 292 − 103 5

Montana .................................................................... 6 − 1 − − 1 40,755 − 242 − − 8

Underground ........................................................ −−−−− 1 − − − − − 8

Surface ................................................................. 6 − 1 −−− 40,755 − 242 − − −

New Mexico .............................................................. 6 −−−−− 27,025 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 6 −−−−− 27,025 − − − − −

North Dakota............................................................ 5 −−−− 1 29,579 − − − − 1

Surface ................................................................. 5 −−−− 1 29,579 − − − − 1

Ohio ........................................................................... 6 5 18 12 31 9 17,464 2,903 5,569 1,843 1,342 34

Underground ........................................................ 5 − 3 − 1 − 16,135 − 723 − 91 −

Surface ................................................................. 1 5 15 12 30 9 1,329 2,903 4,846 1,843 1,250 34

Oklahoma.................................................................. − − 4 3 2 2 − − 943 513 158 7

Underground ........................................................ − − 1 −−− − − 212 − − −

Surface ................................................................. − − 3 3 2 2 − − 732 513 158 7

Pennsylvania Total .................................................. 11 10 34 40 175 133 45,528 6,730 11,142 5,867 6,411 520

Underground ........................................................ 10 6 12 10 22 34 44,095 4,358 3,966 1,601 713 96

Surface ................................................................. 1 4 22 30 153 99 1,434 2,372 7,176 4,266 5,698 424

Anthracite .............................................................. − 1 4 5 53 68 − 649 1,171 797 1,837 223

Underground ........................................................ −−− 1 10 29 − − − 173 176 71

Surface ................................................................. − 1 4 4 43 39 − 649 1,171 625 1,662 152

Bituminous............................................................. 11 9 30 35 122 65 45,528 6,081 9,971 5,069 4,574 297

Underground ........................................................ 10 6 12 9 12 5 44,095 4,358 3,966 1,428 537 25

Surface ................................................................. 1 3 18 26 110 60 1,434 1,723 6,005 3,641 4,036 272

Tennessee .................................................................. − 1 7 − 16 3 − 579 1,845 − 867 10

Underground ........................................................ − − 3 − 10 1 − − 733 − 657 6

Surface ................................................................. − 1 4 − 6 2 − 579 1,112 − 210 3

Texas.......................................................................... 10 − 2 −−− 52,685 − 642 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 10 − 2 −−− 52,685 − 642 − − −

See footnotes at end of table.

12 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine

Production Range, 1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Number of Mines Production

Mine Production Range

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons)

and Type of Mining

 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less

 and to to to to than and to to to to than

 over 1,000 500 200 100 10 over 1,000 500 200 100 10

Utah ........................................................................... 821 − − 1 24,870 1,455 350 − − 9

Underground ........................................................ 8 2 1 − − 1 24,870 1,455 350 − − 9

Virginia ..................................................................... 3 9 43 34 82 20 7,885 6,236 12,871 4,774 3,983 88

Underground ........................................................ 3 4 30 28 69 14 7,885 2,793 8,963 3,835 3,386 67

Surface ................................................................. − 5 13 6 13 6 − 3,442 3,908 939 597 21

Washington ............................................................... 2 −−− 1 − 4,428 −−− 67 −

Surface ................................................................. 2 −−− 1 − 4,428 −−− 67 −

West Virginia Total................................................. 44 45 67 50 102 41 106,766 31,448 23,410 7,313 4,630 176

Underground ........................................................ 27 32 50 39 69 22 68,125 21,947 17,366 5,689 3,309 86

Surface ................................................................. 17 13 17 11 33 19 38,641 9,501 6,044 1,623 1,321 90

Northern................................................................. 11 5 9 13 28 14 32,539 3,728 3,392 1,859 1,223 60

Underground ........................................................ 9 4 7 10 10 6 29,487 2,877 2,728 1,426 520 17

Surface ................................................................. 2 1 2 3 18 8 3,052 851 663 433 704 43

Southern................................................................. 33 40 58 37 74 27 74,227 27,720 20,019 5,454 3,406 116

Underground ........................................................ 18 28 43 29 59 16 38,638 19,070 14,637 4,263 2,789 69

Surface ................................................................. 15 12 15 8 15 11 35,588 8,650 5,381 1,190 617 47

Wyoming ................................................................... 20 3 1 − 1 − 279,373 2,257 206 − 44 −

Underground ........................................................ 1 −−−−− 2,846 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 19 3 1 − 1 − 276,527 2,257 206 − 44 −

Appalachian Total1 ................................................. 97 124 273 226 616 266 235,478 84,613 87,368 32,582 26,647 1,090

Underground ........................................................ 66 72 158 132 287 92 175,948 49,319 50,036 19,104 13,592 360

Surface ................................................................. 31 52 115 94 329 174 59,530 35,294 37,332 13,478 13,055 729

Interior Total1.......................................................... 54 25 27 13 18 12 142,395 17,112 8,345 2,066 898 48

Underground ........................................................ 27 6 4 3 3 − 58,943 4,377 1,032 474 114 −

Surface ................................................................. 27 19 23 10 15 12 83,452 12,735 7,312 1,592 784 48

Western Total1......................................................... 57 6 7 − 4 3 444,533 4,468 2,063 − 209 18

Underground ........................................................ 13 3 4 − 2 2 43,804 2,211 1,229 − 97 17

Surface ................................................................. 44 3 3 − 2 1 400,729 2,257 834 − 112 1

East of Miss. River .................................................. 139 149 293 235 627 273 321,643 101,725 93,835 33,965 27,084 1,117

Underground ........................................................ 93 78 161 135 290 92 234,891 53,696 50,857 19,578 13,706 360

Surface ................................................................. 46 71 132 100 337 181 86,752 48,029 42,978 14,386 13,378 757

West of Miss. River ................................................. 69 6 14 4 11 8 500,763 4,468 3,941 684 669 37

Underground ........................................................ 13 3 5 − 2 2 43,804 2,211 1,440 − 97 17

Surface ................................................................. 56 3 9 4 9 6 456,959 2,257 2,501 684 572 21

U.S. Total.................................................................. 208 155 307 239 638 281 822,407 106,193 97,776 34,648 27,754 1,155

Underground ........................................................... 106 81 166 135 292 94 278,695 55,907 52,297 19,578 13,803 377

Surface .................................................................... 102 74 141 104 346 187 543,712 50,286 45,478 15,070 13,950 778

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 13 
Table 7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coalbed Thickness Underground Surface Total (inches)

 < 7 .................................................... − 75 75

7-12 .................................................... − 1,771 1,771

13-18 .................................................. − 8,197 8,197

19-24 .................................................. 532 22,506 23,038

25-30 .................................................. 5,881 23,808 29,689

31-36 .................................................. 35,898 31,544 67,442

37-42 .................................................. 27,936 19,497 47,434

43-48 .................................................. 36,803 28,407 65,211

49-54 .................................................. 31,690 21,596 53,286

55-60 .................................................. 54,506 15,801 70,307

61-66 .................................................. 33,386 13,271 46,657

67-72 .................................................. 47,797 18,982 66,780

73-78 .................................................. 30,293 6,666 36,959

79-84 .................................................. 30,065 7,936 38,001

85-90 .................................................. 10,055 5,446 15,501

91-96 .................................................. 28,481 7,948 36,429

97-102 ................................................ 855 9,519 10,374

103-108 .............................................. 3,020 9,499 12,519

109-114 .............................................. 10,570 5,868 16,438

115-120 .............................................. 5,945 6,354 12,299

> 120 .............................................. 26,566 403,805 430,370

Unknown1 ......................................... 377 778 1,155

U.S. Total .......................................... 420,657 669,274 1,089,932

1 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

14 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and

Mine Type, 1997

Production Thickness

Coalbed ID Number 1 (thousand short tons) (inches)

Coalbed Name 2

 Underground Surface Total Average3 Low High

1699 Wyodak ................................................................ − 247,321 247,321 824 228 1,200

0036 Pittsburgh ............................................................. 78,624 2,619 81,243 74 18 108

0111 Hazard No. 5-A ................................................... 17,978 24,880 42,859 86 18 217

0489 No. 9 .................................................................... 27,889 7,659 35,549 59 41 78

0484 No. 6 .................................................................... 25,558 3,632 29,191 77 44 96

1569 Beulah-Zap........................................................... − 27,678 27,678 156 144 180

0084 Lower Kittanning................................................. 6,731 16,523 23,254 62 12 132

0135 Hazard No. 4........................................................ 17,435 2,553 19,988 44 22 68

0103 Stockton-Lewiston ............................................... 3,873 15,847 19,720 73 12 120

0151 Elkhorn No. 1 ...................................................... 13,233 5,343 18,576 52 13 140

1808 Rosebud................................................................ − 17,429 17,429 260 216 276

0168 Lower Elkhorn..................................................... 15,792 1,586 17,378 57 21 92

0344 Pocahontas No. 3................................................. 15,494 − 15,494 62 37 83

0071 Upper Freeport..................................................... 10,455 4,235 14,690 57 6 96

0176 Eagle..................................................................... 11,582 1,269 12,852 61 24 104

0483 Indiana No. 6 ....................................................... − 12,173 12,173 46 21 72

0157 Elkhorn No. 3 ...................................................... 8,421 3,504 11,925 66 12 120

0121 Hazard No. 5........................................................ 6,637 3,367 10,004 56 22 105

Major Coalbeds Total ................................................... 259,703 397,620 657,323 360 6 1,200

Other Coalbeds............................................................... 160,578 270,876 431,454 133 1 1,440

Unknown4 ....................................................................... 377 778 1,155 NA NA NA

U.S. Total ........................................................................ 420,657 669,274 1,089,932 270 1 1,440

1 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal

zones. 2 The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that coalbed. The States having the

greatest production for each coalbed are: Eastern Kentucky (coalbeds 0111, 0135, 0151, 0154, 0157, 0168, 0176); West Virginia (0036, 0084, 0103,

0344); Pennsylvania (0071,0076); Western Kentucky (0489); Illinois (0484); North Dakota (1569); Montana (1808); Wyoming (1699). In some other States

where these are major producing beds, the following alternate coalbed names are also used: 0084, No. 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Coalburg

(West Virginia); 0135, Chilton (West Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennesee), Taggert (Virginia), Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0154, Lower Cedar Grove (West

Virginia); 0157, Upper Standiford (Virginia), Alma (West Virginia); 0168, No. 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0483, No. 12 (Western Kentucky); 0484, No. 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No. 5 (Illinois and Indiana).

3 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production.

4 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. A major coalbed is

defined here as a coalbed from which 10 million or more short tons were produced during the year. The category ‘‘Other Coalbeds’’ includes all coalbeds from which less than 10 million short tons were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the

coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these

types are also included in ‘‘Other Coalbeds,’’ even though production may exceed 10 million short tons. Totals may not equal sum of components due to

independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 15 
Table 9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total

 Coal-Producing Number Number Number Number Number State and Region of Production of Production of Production of Production of Production

Mines Mines Mines Mines Mines

Alabama............................................... 51 24,468 − − − − − − 51 24,468

Alaska .................................................. − − 1 1,450 − − − − 1 1,450

Arizona ................................................ 2 11,723 − − − − − − 2 11,723

Arkansas .............................................. 1 5 − − − − 2 14 3 18

Colorado .............................................. 11 18,207 3 9,242 − − − − 14 27,449

Illinois .................................................. 28 41,159 − − − − − − 28 41,159

Indiana ................................................. 39 35,497 − − − − − − 39 35,497

Kansas.................................................. 3 360 − − − − − − 3 360

Kentucky Total .................................... 529 155,853 − − − − − − 529 155,853

Eastern .............................................. 482 120,918 − − − − − − 482 120,918

Western ............................................. 47 34,936 − − − − − − 47 34,936

Louisiana.............................................. − − − − 2 3,545 − − 2 3,545

Maryland.............................................. 18 4,160 − − − − − − 18 4,160

Missouri ............................................... 4 401 − − − − − − 4 401

Montana ............................................... − − 7 40,763 1 242 − − 8 41,005

New Mexico ........................................ 4 14,319 2 12,706 − − − − 6 27,025

North Dakota ....................................... − − − − 6 29,580 − − 6 29,580

Ohio ..................................................... 81 29,154 − − − − − − 81 29,154

Oklahoma............................................. 11 1,621 − − − − − − 11 1,621

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 272 71,520 − − − − 131 4,678 403 76,198

Anthracite.......................................... − − − − − − 131 4,678 131 4,678

Bituminous........................................ 272 71,520 − − − − − − 272 71,520

Tennessee............................................. 27 3,300 − − − − − − 27 3,300

Texas.................................................... 1 353 − − 11 52,975 − − 12 53,328

Utah...................................................... 12 26,683 − − − − − − 12 26,683

Virginia ................................................ 191 35,837 − − − − − − 191 35,837

Washington .......................................... 1 67 2 4,428 − − − − 3 4,495

West Virginia Total............................. 349 173,743 −−−−−− 349 173,743

Northern ............................................ 80 42,802 − − − − − − 80 42,802

Southern ............................................ 269 130,941 − − − − − − 269 130,941

Wyoming ............................................. 3 5,398 22 276,483 − − − − 25 281,881

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 1,471 463,100 − − − − 131 4,678 1,602 467,778

Interior Total1 ................................... 134 114,330 − − 13 56,519 2 14 149 170,863

Western Total1 .................................. 33 76,398 37 345,071 7 29,822 − − 77 451,291

East of Miss. River............................ 1,585 574,691 −−−− 131 4,678 1,716 579,369

West of Miss. River........................... 53 79,136 37 345,071 20 86,341 2 14 112 510,563

U.S. Total............................................ 1,638 653,828 37 345,071 20 86,341 133 4,692 1,828 1,089,932

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

16 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Coal-Producing Bituminous Bituminous Bituminous Subbitumi- Medium Lignite Anthracite Total State and Region Low Volatile High Volatile Total1 nous Volatile

Alabama ..................................................... 8,120 4,205 11,919 24,468 −−− 24,468

Alaska ......................................................... −−−− 1,450 − − 1,450

Arizona ....................................................... − − 11,723 11,723 −−− 11,723

Arkansas ..................................................... 5 − − 5 − − 14 18

Colorado ..................................................... − − 18,207 18,207 9,242 − − 27,449

Illinois ........................................................ − 1,457 39,702 41,159 −−− 41,159

Indiana ........................................................ − − 35,497 35,497 −−− 35,497

Kansas ........................................................ − − 360 360 −−− 360

Kentucky Total .......................................... 4,697 2,475 147,681 155,853 −−− 155,853

Eastern ..................................................... 4,697 2,475 113,746 120,918 −−− 120,918

Western ................................................... − − 33,935 34,936 −−− 34,936

Louisiana .................................................... −−−−− 3,545 − 3,545

Maryland .................................................... 3,554 − 606 4,160 −−− 4,160

Missouri ..................................................... − − 401 401 −−− 401

Montana ..................................................... −−−− 40,763 242 − 41,005

New Mexico............................................... − − 14,319 14,319 12,706 − − 27,025

North Dakota ............................................. −−−−− 29,580 − 29,580

Ohio ............................................................ 109 680 27,415 29,154 −−− 29,154

Oklahoma ................................................... 407 555 659 1,621 −−− 1,621

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 4,100 11,737 55,415 71,520 − − 4,678 76,198

Anthracite ................................................ −−−−−− 4,678 4,678

Bituminous .............................................. 4,100 11,737 55,415 71,520 −−− 71,520

Tennessee ................................................... − 750 2,550 3,300 −−− 3,300

Texas .......................................................... − 353 − 353 − 52,975 − 53,328

Utah ............................................................ − − 26,683 26,683 −−− 26,683

Virginia ...................................................... 7,943 5,915 21,980 35,837 −−− 35,837

Washington ................................................ − − 67 67 4,428 − − 4,495

West Virginia Total ................................... 17,525 11,241 144,454 173,743 −−− 173,743

Northern .................................................. 2,531 2,516 37,232 42,802 −−− 42,802

Southern .................................................. 14,994 8,725 107,222 130,941 −−− 130,941

Wyoming .................................................... − − 5,398 5,398 276,483 − − 281,881

Appalachian Total2 ................................. 46,048 37,001 378,084 463,100 − − 4,678 467,778

Interior Total2.......................................... 412 2,365 110,553 114,330 − 56,519 14 170,863

Western Total2......................................... − − 76,398 76,398 345,071 29,822 − 451,291

East of Miss. River .................................. 46,048 38,458 487,219 574,691 − − 4,678 579,369

West of Miss. River ................................. 412 908 77,817 79,136 345,071 86,341 14 510,563

U.S. Total .................................................. 46,460 39,366 565,035 653,828 345,071 86,341 4,692 1,089,932

1 Includes bituminous production with volatile content not reported.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for coal group definitions. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 17 
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 17,021 − 17,021 7,422 24,443

Underground .................................. 14,919 − 14,919 3,586 18,505

Surface ........................................... 2,102 − 2,102 3,837 5,938

Alaska.................................................. − 1,450 1,450 − 1,450

Surface ........................................... − 1,450 1,450 − 1,450

Arizona ................................................ 11,723 − 11,723 − 11,723

Surface ........................................... 11,723 − 11,723 − 11,723

Arkansas............................................. − − − 10 10

Surface ........................................... − − − 10 10

Colorado ............................................. 3,585 2,013 5,598 21,851 27,449

Underground .................................. 1,514 − 1,514 16,306 17,820

Surface ........................................... 2,071 2,013 4,084 5,544 9,628

Illinois .................................................. 26,809 3,982 30,791 10,361 41,152

Underground .................................. 22,125 2,996 25,121 9,703 34,824

Surface ........................................... 4,684 986 5,669 658 6,328

Indiana ................................................ 13,405 − 13,405 22,093 35,497

Underground .................................. 182 − 182 3,348 3,530

Surface ........................................... 13,223 − 13,223 18,744 31,967

Kansas ................................................. 91 − 91 268 360

Surface ........................................... 91 − 91 268 360

Kentucky Total .................................. 20,723 506 21,229 134,385 155,614

Underground .................................. 16,088 506 16,594 79,603 96,197

Surface ........................................... 4,635 − 4,635 54,782 59,417

Eastern ............................................. 10,102 506 10,609 110,091 120,700

Underground .................................. 6,067 506 6,573 63,249 69,823

Surface ........................................... 4,035 − 4,035 46,842 50,877

Western ............................................ 10,621 − 10,621 24,294 34,914

Underground .................................. 10,021 − 10,021 16,354 26,374

Surface ........................................... 600 − 600 7,940 8,540

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 3,545 3,545

Surface ........................................... − − − 3,545 3,545

Maryland ............................................ − − − 4,141 4,141

Underground .................................. − − − 3,301 3,301

Surface ........................................... − − − 840 840

Missouri .............................................. − − − 396 396

Surface ........................................... − − − 396 396

Montana.............................................. 16,450 16,197 32,647 8,350 40,997

Surface ........................................... 16,450 16,197 32,647 8,350 40,997

New Mexico ........................................ 7,850 14,318 22,168 4,857 27,025

Surface ........................................... 7,850 14,318 22,168 4,857 27,025

North Dakota ..................................... 2,126 4,314 6,440 23,139 29,579

Surface ........................................... 2,126 4,314 6,440 23,139 29,579

Ohio ..................................................... 15,133 − 15,133 13,987 29,120

Underground .................................. 14,750 − 14,750 2,200 16,949

Surface ........................................... 383 − 383 11,788 12,171

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 1,614 1,614

Underground .................................. − − − 212 212

Surface ........................................... − − − 1,403 1,403

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 33,360 32 33,392 42,286 75,678

Underground .................................. 31,135 − 31,135 23,598 54,733

Surface ........................................... 2,225 32 2,257 18,689 20,946

Anthracite ........................................ 892 32 924 3,531 4,455

Underground .................................. − − − 348 348

Surface ........................................... 892 32 924 3,183 4,107

Bituminous ....................................... 32,468 − 32,468 38,755 71,223

Underground .................................. 31,135 − 31,135 23,250 54,385

Surface ........................................... 1,333 − 1,333 15,506 16,839

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 3,290 3,290

Underground .................................. − − − 1,390 1,390

Surface ........................................... − − − 1,900 1,900

Texas ................................................... − 34,841 34,841 18,487 53,328

Surface ........................................... − 34,841 34,841 18,487 53,328

Utah ..................................................... 8,407 − 8,407 18,267 26,674

Underground .................................. 8,407 − 8,407 18,267 26,674

Virginia ............................................... 6,495 1,413 7,908 27,841 35,749

Underground .................................. 6,417 720 7,137 19,725 26,862

Surface ........................................... 78 693 770 8,116 8,886

Washington......................................... − 4,428 4,428 67 4,495

Surface ........................................... − 4,428 4,428 67 4,495

West Virginia Total........................... 89,893 − 89,893 83,674 173,566

Underground .................................. 64,026 − 64,026 52,411 116,437

Surface ........................................... 25,867 − 25,867 31,263 57,130

See footnotes at end of table.

18 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 28,168 − 28,168 14,573 42,741

Underground .................................. 28,168 − 28,168 8,871 37,039

Surface ........................................... − − − 5,703 5,703

Southern ........................................... 61,725 − 61,725 69,100 130,825

Underground .................................. 35,858 − 35,858 43,540 79,398

Surface ........................................... 25,867 − 25,867 25,560 51,427

Wyoming............................................. 4,652 10,062 14,713 267,167 281,881

Underground .................................. − − − 2,846 2,846

Surface ........................................... 4,652 10,062 14,713 264,321 279,035

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 172,004 1,951 173,954 292,734 466,688

Underground .................................. 137,314 1,226 138,540 169,459 307,999

Surface ........................................... 34,689 725 35,414 123,275 158,689

Interior Total1 ................................... 50,925 38,823 89,748 81,067 170,816

Underground .................................. 32,328 2,996 35,324 29,617 64,941

Surface ........................................... 18,598 35,827 54,424 51,451 105,875

Western Total1 .................................. 54,794 52,781 107,574 343,699 451,273

Underground .................................. 9,921 − 9,921 37,419 47,340

Surface ........................................... 44,872 52,781 97,653 306,279 403,933

East of Miss. River............................ 222,838 5,933 228,770 349,481 578,252

Underground .................................. 169,642 4,223 173,864 198,864 372,728

Surface ........................................... 53,196 1,710 54,906 150,617 205,523

West of Miss. River........................... 54,885 87,622 142,507 368,018 510,525

Underground .................................. 9,921 − 9,921 37,631 47,552

Surface ........................................... 44,964 87,622 132,586 330,387 462,973

Unknown2........................................... NA NA NA NA 1,155

Underground .................................. NA NA NA NA 377

Surface ........................................... NA NA NA NA 778

U.S. Total............................................ 277,723 93,555 371,277 717,500 1,089,932

Underground ..................................... 179,563 4,223 183,786 236,495 420,657

Surface .............................................. 98,160 89,332 187,492 481,005 669,274

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 19 
Table 12. Coal Production by State and Disposition, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Open Market1 Captive2 Total State and Region

Alabama ................................................................ 23,606 837 24,443

Alaska .................................................................... 1,449 1 1,450

Arizona .................................................................. 11,723 0 11,723

Arkansas ................................................................ 10 0 10

Colorado ................................................................ 25,935 1,514 27,449

Illinois ................................................................... 40,755 397 41,152

Indiana ................................................................... 35,438 60 35,497

Kansas ................................................................... 360 0 360

Kentucky Total ..................................................... 154,786 828 155,614

Eastern ................................................................ 119,878 821 120,700

Western .............................................................. 34,908 6 34,914

Louisiana ............................................................... 3,545 0 3,545

Maryland ............................................................... 4,113 29 4,141

Missouri ................................................................ 396 0 396

Montana ................................................................ 37,812 3,185 40,997

New Mexico.......................................................... 27,025 0 27,025

North Dakota ........................................................ 28,801 778 29,579

Ohio ....................................................................... 22,255 6,866 29,120

Oklahoma .............................................................. 1,425 189 1,614

Pennsylvania Total................................................ 74,259 1,420 75,678

Anthracite ........................................................... 3,390 1,065 4,455

Bituminous ......................................................... 70,869 354 71,223

Tennessee .............................................................. 3,055 235 3,290

Texas ..................................................................... 15,000 38,328 53,328

Utah ....................................................................... 17,983 8,691 26,674

Virginia ................................................................. 34,943 805 35,749

Washington ........................................................... 67 4,428 4,495

West Virginia Total .............................................. 166,470 7,097 173,566

Northern ............................................................. 40,845 1,897 42,741

Southern ............................................................. 125,625 5,200 130,825

Wyoming ............................................................... 267,486 14,395 281,881

Appalachian Total3 ............................................ 448,578 18,110 466,688

Interior Total3..................................................... 131,836 38,980 170,816

Western Total3.................................................... 418,281 32,992 451,273

East of Miss. River ............................................. 559,678 18,574 578,252

West of Miss. River ............................................ 439,016 71,509 510,525

Total4 .................................................................... 998,695 90,083 1,088,777

Unknown5 ............................................................ NA NA 1,155

U.S. Total ............................................................. NA NA 1,089,932

1 Open Market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers.

2 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

4 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

5 Includes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

20 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 13. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal

and Indian Leases by State, 1997

 Federal Leases Indian Leases

 Coal-Producing

State and Region Acres Production Royalties Acres Production Royalties

Leased (thousand short tons) (thousand dollars) Leased (thousand short tons) (thousand dollars)

Alabama ................................. 1,610 184 632 −− −

Arizona .................................. −− − 64,858 12,152 32,293

Colorado ................................ 58,248 22,264 33,460 −− −

Kentucky ................................ 2,413 506 770 −− −

Montana ................................. 26,996 24,502 32,214 14,746 6,094 2,790

New Mexico .......................... 11,773 6,029 22,154 36,026 14,037 31,543

North Dakota......................... 5,735 3,313 1,183 −− −

Oklahoma .............................. 8,193 577 461 −− −

Utah ....................................... 60,585 23,887 34,635 −− −

Washington ............................ 241 947 1,723 −− −

Wyoming ............................... 129,636 248,062 158,320 −− −

Appalachian Total1............. 1,610 184 632 −− −

Interior Total1 ..................... 10,606 1,083 1,231 −− −

Western Total1 .................... 293,214 329,003 283,689 115,630 32,283 66,627

East of Miss. River.............. 4,023 680 1,402 −− −

West of Miss. River............. 301,407 329,580 284,150 115,630 32,283 66,627

U.S. Total.............................. 305,430 330,270 285,552 115,630 32,283 66,627

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: U.S. Total for this table represents Federal and Indian Leases only. Output from Federal and Indian Lands is reported as sales volume, the

basis for royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal sold and coal added to stockpiles. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

 Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues, 1997, Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 21 
Table 14. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1997

Production Rank Mine Name/Company Mine Type State (short tons)

1 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Surface Wyoming 37,719,322

2 North Antelope/Powder River Coal Surface Wyoming 34,965,089

3 Jacobs Ranch/Kerr-McGee Coal Surface Wyoming 27,113,014

4 Rochelle/Powder River Coal Surface Wyoming 24,940,362

5 Belle Ayr/AMAX Coal West Surface Wyoming 22,800,736

6 Caballo/Caballo Coal Surface Wyoming 19,946,859

7 Eagle Butte/AMAX Coal West Surface Wyoming 17,921,232

8 Freedom-Coteau/Coteau Properties Surface North Dakota 15,974,590

9 Caballo Rojo/Caballo Rojo Surface Wyoming 14,681,876

10 Buckskin/Triton Coal Surface Wyoming 14,442,958

11 Antelope/Antelope Coal Surface Wyoming 13,559,203

12 Cordero/Cordero Mining Surface Wyoming 13,324,489

13 Rawhide/Caballo Coal Surface Wyoming 10,705,680

14 West Decker/Decker Coal Surface Montana 9,961,746

15 Rosebud No 6/Western Energy Surface Montana 9,145,572

16 Jewett/Northwestern Resources Surface Texas 8,799,439

17 Enlow Fork/Enlow Fork Mining Underground Pennsylvania 8,376,474

18 Spring Creek/Spring Creek Coal Surface Montana 8,350,406

19 Navajo/BHP Minerals Surface New Mexico 7,849,000

20 Monticello-Winfield/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 7,778,875

21 Bailey No 1/CONSOL Underground Pennsylvania 7,517,072

22 Foidel Creek/Twenty Mile Coal Underground Colorado 7,251,862

23 Martin Lake(Panola Cnty)/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 7,248,121

24 Falkirk/Falkirk Mining Surface North Dakota 7,164,272

25 Kayenta/Peabody Western Surface Arizona 7,089,531

26 Absaloka/Morris-Knudsen Corp. Surface Montana 7,051,281

27 McKinley/Pittsburg & Midway Surface New Mexico 6,606,740

28 Sandow-Rockdale/ALCOA Surface Texas 6,370,027

29 Cumberland/Cyprus Cumberland Underground Pennsylvania 6,360,492

30 Jim Bridger/Bridger Coal Surface Wyoming 5,920,376

31 Martin Lake-Oak Hill/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 5,808,296

32 West Elk/Mountain Coal Underground Colorado 5,721,549

33 Mountaineer/Mingo Logan Coal Underground West Virginia 5,657,541

34 Colowyo/Colowyo Coal Surface Colorado 5,544,255

35 McElory/McElory Coal Underground West Virginia 5,350,245

36 No 50/US Steel Mining Underground West Virginia 5,335,460

37 Big Brown/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 5,126,881

38 Powhatan No 6/Ohio Valley Coal Underground Ohio 5,101,746

39 Galatia No 56/Kerr-McGee Coal Underground Illinois 4,976,660

40 SUFCO/Canyon Fuel Underground Utah 4,939,498

41 Lee Ranch/Lee Ranch Coal Surface New Mexico 4,857,003

42 Emerald No 1/Cyprus Emerald Resources Underground Pennsylvania 4,826,792

43 Loveridge No 22/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 4,805,652

44 No 84/Eighty Four Mining Underground Pennsylvania 4,783,950

45 Robinson Run No 95/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 4,782,788

46 Shoemaker/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 4,781,199

47 Old Hickory/Hobet Mining Surface West Virginia 4,753,412

48 Black Mesa/Peabody Western Surface Arizona 4,633,735

49 Deer Creek/Pacificorp Underground Utah 4,479,706

50 Samples(Boone)/Catenary Coal Surface West Virginia 4,450,151

51 Dilworth/CONSOL Underground Pennsylvania 4,436,579

52 Kemmer/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Surface Wyoming 4,401,607

53 Federal No 2/Eastern Associated Coal Underground West Virginia 4,393,317

54 Skyline No 1/Canyon Fuel Underground Utah 4,389,511

55 Buchanan No 1/CONSOL Underground Virginia 4,343,711

56 Big Sky/Big Sky Coal Surface Montana 4,334,750

57 Center/BNI Coal Surface North Dakota 4,313,861

58 Upper Big Branch/Performance Coal Underground West Virginia 4,298,491

59 No 13 Baker/Lodestar Energy Underground Kentucky 4,220,746

60 Dave Johnston/Pacificorp Surface Wyoming 4,141,405

61 South Hallsville No 1/Sabine Mining Surface Texas 4,132,651

62 Rend Lake/CONSOL Underground Illinois 4,083,838

63 Shoal Creek/Drummond Coal Underground Alabama 4,015,264

64 Marissa (Washington Cnty)/Peabody Coal Underground Illinois 3,977,115

65 Trail Mountain/Pacificorp Underground Utah 3,927,569

66 No 2/Fola Coal Surface West Virginia 3,664,668

67 Meigs No 31/Southern Ohio Coal Underground Ohio 3,549,291

68 Camp No 11/Peabody Coal Underground Kentucky 3,513,450

* Subtotal 571,791,039

* All Other Mines 518,140,749

* U.S. Total 1,089,931,788

Notes: Major mines are mines that produced more than 3.5 million short tons in 1997. The company is the firm operating the mine.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Production Report.’’

22 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 15. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1997

 Production Rank Company Name Percent of Total Production (thousand short tons)

1 Peabody Holding Co., Inc. 142,473 13.1

2 Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. 81,217 7.5

3 Kennecott Energy Co. 78,950 7.2

4 Consol Energy Inc. 72,822 6.7

5 ARCO Coal Co 46,386 4.3

6 A.T. Massey Coal Co. 34,548 3.2

7 Kerr-McGee Coal Corp. 32,090 2.9

8 Zeigler Coal Holding Co. 30,144 2.8

9 North American Coal Corp. 28,283 2.6

10 Texas Utilities Co. 28,181 2.6

11 Arch Mineral Corp. 26,071 2.4

12 Ashland Coal Inc. 22,420 2.1

13 Montana Power Co. 19,262 1.8

14 Clinchfield Coal Co. 16,165 1.5

15 Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co. 15,451 1.4

16 BHP Utah Minerals 14,318 1.3

17 Kiewit Coal Properties Inc. 13,847 1.3

18 Mapco Coal Inc. 13,109 1.2

19 TECO Energy 11,539 1.1

20 Black Beauty Coal Co. 11,268 1.0

21 Lodestar Energy 10,790 1.0

22 Canyon Fuel Co. 10,479 1.0

23 James River Coal Co. 9,849 .9

24 Rochester & Pittsburg Coal Co. 8,910 .8

25 Jim Walters Resources Inc. 8,366 .8

26 AEP Service Corp. 8,052 .7

27 US Steel Mining Co. 7,952 .7

28 Andalex Resources Inc. 7,645 .7

29 Morrison-Knudsen Corp. 7,051 .6

30 Drummond Company 6,778 .6

31 Aluminum Company of America 6,370 .6

32 Ohio Valley Resources Inc. 5,101 .5

33 Lee Ranch Coal Company 4,857 .4

34 General Dynamics Corp. 4,611 .4

35 Minnesota Power & Light 4,314 .4

36 Leslie Resources Inc. 3,758 .3

37 Fola Coal Company 3,665 .3

38 San Miguel Electric CoOp 3,487 .3

39 Addington Enterprises Inc. 3,472 .3

40 Kindill Mining Inc. 3,350 .3

41 Black Hills Corp. 3,251 .3

42 Golden Oak Mining Co. LP 3,165 .3

43 A N R Coal Company 3,117 .3

44 Pen Coal Corp. 2,943 .3

45 Exxon Coal USA Inc. 2,923 .3

46 Sun Company Inc. 2,668 .2

47 James Coal Company 2,607 .2

48 Dolet Hills Mining Venture 2,534 .2

49 Glamorgan Coal Corp. 2,486 .2

50 Solar Sources Inc. 2,395 .2

51 MDU Resources Group Inc. 2,369 .2

52 Independence Coal Company 2,171 .2

53 Princess Beverly Coal Co. 2,124 .2

54 Williams Fork Company 2,013 .2

55 Anker Group Inc. 1,995 .2

56 Pine Branch Coal Sales Co. 1,989 .2

57 Waterloo Coal Co., Inc. 1,975 .2

* Subtotal 910,125 83.5

* All other coal producers 179,807 16.5

* U.S. Total 1,089,932 100.0

Notes: Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 1.9 million short tons in 1997. The company is

the firm owning the mineral rights to the mined coal.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine

Employment and Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 23 
Table 16. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 19881 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 29,081 32,159 32,546 33,049 27,916 30,373 −9.6 1.0 −0.5

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w − wwww − w w

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. 35,466 29,330 32,435 31,075 30,040 20,989 20.9 4.2 6.0

Illinois .................................................. 51,523 61,727 56,627 69,414 69,320 71,529 −16.5 −7.1 −3.6

Indiana ................................................. 36,999 35,564 35,256 38,931 43,955 41,800 4.0 −4.2 −1.3

Iowa ..................................................... − − − www −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 195,453 189,225 203,173 213,427 204,805 170,725 3.3 −1.2 1.5

Eastern .............................................. 152,681 145,691 152,111 161,731 157,318 124,285 4.8 −.7 2.3

Western ............................................. 42,771 43,534 51,062 51,696 47,486 46,440 −1.8 −2.6 −.9

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. 4,884 4,935 4,408 4,332 3,927 4,574 −1.0 5.6 .7

Missouri ............................................... 690 1,046 1,081 1,209 w w −34.0 w w

Montana ............................................... 56,140 56,175 51,597 51,104 50,849 50,259 −.1 2.5 1.2

New Mexico ........................................ 31,604 32,695 32,760 32,807 33,360 32,782 −3.3 −1.3 −.4

North Dakota ....................................... 32,568 32,184 34,464 35,920 36,371 39,978 1.2 −2.7 −2.3

Ohio ..................................................... 33,443 37,584 34,011 43,925 42,236 49,999 −11.0 −5.7 −4.4

Oklahoma............................................. 2,451 1,981 2,557 2,251 2,422 4,558 23.7 .3 −6.7

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 87,527 81,684 77,187 80,975 82,148 86,521 7.1 1.6 .1

Anthracite.......................................... 5,504 5,504 6,547 5,776 5,806 3,450 * −1.3 5.3

Bituminous........................................ 82,024 76,180 70,640 75,200 76,342 83,071 7.7 1.8 −.1

Tennessee............................................. 4,100 4,009 3,750 3,409 3,763 8,022 2.3 2.2 −7.2

Texas.................................................... 54,614 59,604 54,758 55,856 57,115 69,181 −8.4 −1.1 −2.6

Utah...................................................... 30,281 30,230 30,888 27,640 25,933 29,610 .2 3.9 .2

Virginia ................................................ 43,023 41,593 43,037 46,462 50,879 49,082 3.4 −4.1 −1.4

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 203,006 217,409 204,837 201,684 191,706 162,195 −6.6 1.4 2.5

Northern ............................................ 50,744 54,602 56,355 59,295 60,015 60,124 −7.1 −4.1 −1.9

Southern ............................................ 152,262 162,807 148,482 142,388 131,691 102,071 −6.5 3.7 4.5

Wyoming ............................................. 366,680 350,908 337,184 321,046 277,875 257,683 4.5 7.2 4.0

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 557,745 565,064 551,888 575,568 559,893 515,051 −1.3 −.1 .9

Interior Total2 ................................... 193,720 207,658 205,393 223,897 225,938 244,491 −6.7 −3.8 −2.5

Western Total2 .................................. 574,139 551,990 541,773 521,191 476,042 451,974 4.0 4.8 2.7

East of Miss. River............................ 689,038 705,890 694,832 735,609 720,654 674,819 −2.4 −1.1 .2

West of Miss. River........................... 636,566 618,823 604,222 585,047 541,219 536,697 2.9 4.1 1.9

U.S. Total............................................ 1,325,604 1,324,712 1,299,054 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,211,516 .1 1.2 1.0

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

26 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 17. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Percent)

 Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 19881

State and Region

Alabama .................................................. 84.05 76.57 75.52 70.19 88.46 87.03

Alaska ..................................................... wwwwww

Arizona .................................................... wwwwww

Arkansas .................................................. w − wwww

California ................................................ −−−−− w

Colorado .................................................. 77.39 84.85 79.27 81.41 72.84 75.74

Illinois ..................................................... 79.87 75.58 85.08 76.06 59.28 81.91

Indiana .................................................... 95.94 83.42 73.70 79.37 66.60 74.71

Iowa ........................................................ −−− www

Kansas ..................................................... wwwwww

Kentucky Total ....................................... 79.62 80.38 75.49 75.54 76.11 91.76

Eastern .................................................. 79.05 80.07 77.71 76.70 76.15 93.62

Western ................................................ 81.63 81.40 68.89 71.89 76.00 86.77

Louisiana ................................................. wwwwww

Maryland ................................................. 84.80 82.42 82.65 83.07 85.01 70.58

Missouri .................................................. 57.36 67.85 49.88 69.35 w w

Montana .................................................. 73.03 67.45 76.44 81.47 70.64 77.36

New Mexico ........................................... 85.51 73.61 81.85 85.47 84.74 66.51

North Dakota .......................................... 90.82 92.78 87.37 89.88 87.89 74.34

Ohio ........................................................ 87.07 75.88 76.55 67.87 67.94 67.68

Oklahoma ................................................ 65.87 85.16 73.14 83.98 71.95 46.75

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 86.46 82.53 78.81 75.89 71.79 80.44

Anthracite ............................................. 80.95 82.56 67.12 74.02 68.80 89.99

Bituminous ........................................... 86.83 82.53 79.89 76.03 72.02 80.05

Tennessee ................................................ 80.26 90.32 85.51 87.27 79.73 79.89

Texas ....................................................... 97.64 92.55 96.21 93.72 95.54 75.57

Utah ......................................................... 88.09 90.97 81.48 88.27 84.22 61.34

Virginia ................................................... 83.09 85.34 79.07 79.61 77.07 92.79

Washington ............................................. wwwwww

West Virginia Total................................ 85.50 78.32 79.50 80.07 67.91 89.02

Northern ............................................... 84.23 83.95 81.70 83.04 56.15 88.16

Southern ............................................... 85.92 76.43 78.67 78.83 73.28 89.52

Wyoming ................................................ 76.87 79.35 78.24 73.85 75.62 63.65

Appalachian Total2 .............................. 83.67 79.75 78.53 77.07 72.85 86.55

Interior Total2 ...................................... 88.18 83.20 82.01 80.29 73.95 78.90

Western Total2...................................... 78.60 79.55 79.29 78.33 77.41 68.11

East of Miss. River ............................... 83.92 79.68 78.11 76.73 71.37 85.34

West of Miss. River.............................. 80.20 80.82 80.88 79.85 79.29 69.06

U.S. Total............................................... 82.13 80.21 79.40 78.11 74.77 78.13

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 27 
Table 18. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine

Type, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Production Utilization Production Utilization Production Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ......................................... 18,505 22,267 83.10 5,938 6,815 87.14 24,443 29,081 84.05

Alaska ............................................ −−− 1,450 w w 1,450 w w

Arizona .......................................... −−− 11,723 w w 11,723 w w

Arkansas ........................................ −−− 10 w w 10 w w

Colorado ........................................ 17,820 w w 9,628 w w 27,449 35,466 77.39

Illinois ............................................ 34,824 44,380 78.47 6,328 7,143 88.58 41,152 51,523 79.87

Indiana ........................................... 3,530 w w 31,967 w w 35,497 36,999 95.94

Kansas ............................................ −−− 360 w w 360 w w

Kentucky Total.............................. 96,197 120,943 79.54 59,417 74,510 79.74 155,614 195,453 79.62

Eastern ........................................ 69,823 90,931 76.79 50,877 61,750 82.39 120,700 152,681 79.05

Western ....................................... 26,374 30,012 87.88 8,540 12,760 66.93 34,914 42,771 81.63

Louisiana ....................................... −−− 3,545 w w 3,545 w w

Maryland ........................................ 3,301 w w 840 w w 4,141 4,884 84.80

Missouri ......................................... −−− 396 690 57.36 396 690 57.36

Montana ......................................... −−− 40,997 56,140 73.03 40,997 56,140 73.03

New Mexico.................................. −−− 27,025 31,604 85.51 27,025 31,604 85.51

North Dakota................................. −−− 29,579 32,568 90.82 29,579 32,568 90.82

Ohio ............................................... 16,949 18,078 93.76 12,171 15,365 79.21 29,120 33,443 87.07

Oklahoma ...................................... 212 w w 1,403 w w 1,614 2,451 65.87

Pennsylvania Total........................ 54,733 61,498 89.00 20,946 26,030 80.47 75,678 87,527 86.46

Anthracite ................................... 348 528 65.94 4,107 4,975 82.54 4,455 5,504 80.95

Bituminous ................................. 54,385 60,970 89.20 16,839 21,054 79.98 71,223 82,024 86.83

Tennessee ...................................... 1,390 w w 1,900 w w 3,290 4,100 80.26

Texas .............................................. −−− 53,328 54,614 97.64 53,328 54,614 97.64

Utah ............................................... 26,674 30,281 88.09 −−− 26,674 30,281 88.09

Virginia .......................................... 26,862 32,716 82.11 8,886 10,306 86.22 35,749 43,023 83.09

Washington .................................... −−− 4,495 w w 4,495 w w

West Virginia Total ...................... 116,437 138,689 83.96 57,130 64,317 88.82 173,566 203,006 85.50

Northern ...................................... 37,039 42,981 86.17 5,703 7,763 73.46 42,741 50,744 84.23

Southern ...................................... 79,398 95,708 82.96 51,427 56,555 90.93 130,825 152,262 85.92

Wyoming ....................................... 2,846 w w 279,035 w w 281,881 366,680 76.87

Appalachian Total1..................... 307,999 370,005 83.24 158,689 187,740 84.53 466,688 557,745 83.67

Interior Total1 ............................. 64,941 78,384 82.85 105,875 115,336 91.80 170,816 193,720 88.18

Western Total1 ............................ 47,340 58,927 80.34 403,933 515,212 78.40 451,273 574,139 78.60

East of Miss. River...................... 372,728 448,146 83.17 205,523 240,893 85.32 578,252 689,038 83.92

West of Miss. River..................... 47,552 59,170 80.37 462,973 577,395 80.18 510,525 636,566 80.20

Unknown2 .................................... 377 NA NA 778 NA NA 1,155 NA NA

U.S. Total...................................... 420,657 507,316 82.84 669,274 818,288 81.69 1,089,932 1,325,604 82.13

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are required to provide only production data. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Coal production excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

28 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines

by State and Mining Method, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Continuous1 Conventional1 Longwall1 Other1 2

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ......................................... 5,344 87.85 − − 15,104 80.16 w w

Colorado ........................................ w w − − 14,962 78.81 w w

Illinois............................................ 33,407 74.89 w w 10,951 89.35 − −

Indiana ........................................... w w − − − − − −

Kentucky Total.............................. 96,050 79.28 11,402 83.17 13,007 77.59 483 98.27

Eastern ........................................ w w 10,298 81.37 6,248 62.06 483 98.27

Western....................................... w w w w 6,759 91.95 − −

Maryland ........................................ w w − − w w − −

Ohio ............................................... 5,094 83.77 − − 12,984 97.68 − −

Oklahoma ...................................... w w − − − − − −

Pennsylvania Total........................ 22,224 82.34 917 74.67 38,145 93.60 w w

Anthracite ................................... w w 127 89.26 − − w w

Bituminous ................................. w w 790 72.32 38,145 93.60 − −

Tennessee ...................................... w w w w − − − −

Utah ............................................... w w w w 20,874 87.81 − −

Virginia.......................................... w w 7,741 76.54 8,490 79.90 − −

West Virginia Total ...................... 87,984 83.24 6,955 74.25 43,750 86.94 − −

Northern...................................... 13,588 82.32 1,768 88.37 27,625 87.93 − −

Southern...................................... 74,395 83.40 5,187 69.44 16,125 85.25 − −

Wyoming ....................................... 258 77.33 w w w w − −

Appalachian Total3..................... 213,890 81.24 26,329 77.24 127,271 87.75 2,514 88.44

Interior Total3 ............................. 59,547 80.30 w w 17,710 90.34 − −

Western Total3 ............................ 18,942 73.16 w w 39,258 83.46 146 99.34

East of Miss. River...................... 273,194 81.03 w w 144,981 88.07 2,514 88.44

West of Miss. River..................... 19,185 73.34 w w 39,258 83.46 146 99.34

U.S. Total...................................... 292,380 80.52 28,037 78.59 184,240 87.09 2,660 89.04

1 Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine capacity.

2 Includes shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading and unknown.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 29 
Table 20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and

Coal Rank, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama......................................... 29,081 84.05 − − − − − −

Alaska............................................ − − w w − − − −

Arizona .......................................... w w − − − − − −

Arkansas ........................................ − − − − − − w w

Colorado ........................................ 25,366 71.78 10,100 91.50 − − − −

Illinois............................................ 51,523 79.87 − − − − − −

Indiana ........................................... 36,999 95.94 − − − − − −

Kansas............................................ w w − − − − − −

Kentucky Total.............................. 195,453 79.62 − − − − − −

Eastern ........................................ 152,681 79.05 − − − − − −

Western....................................... 42,771 81.63 − − − − − −

Louisiana ....................................... − − − − w w − −

Maryland........................................ 4,884 84.80 − − − − − −

Missouri......................................... 690 57.36 − − − − − −

Montana......................................... − − w w w w − −

New Mexico.................................. w w w w − − − −

North Dakota................................. − − − − 32,568 90.82 − −

Ohio ............................................... 33,443 87.07 − − − − − −

Oklahoma ...................................... 2,451 65.87 − − − − − −

Pennsylvania Total........................ 82,024 86.83 −−−− 5,504 80.95

Anthracite ................................... − − − − − − 5,504 80.95

Bituminous ................................. 82,024 86.83 − − − − − −

Tennessee ...................................... 4,100 80.26 − − − − − −

Texas .............................................. w w − − w w − −

Utah ............................................... 30,281 88.09 − − − − − −

Virginia.......................................... 43,023 83.09 − − − − − −

Washington.................................... 200 33.73 5,000 88.55 −−−−

West Virginia Total ...................... 203,006 85.50 −−−−−−

Northern...................................... 50,744 84.23 − − − − − −

Southern...................................... 152,262 85.92 − − − − − −

Wyoming ....................................... w w w w − − − −

Appalachian Total1..................... 552,241 83.70 −−−− 5,504 80.95

Interior Total1 ............................. w w − − w w w w

Western Total1 ............................ w w 445,794 77.40 w w − −

East of Miss. River...................... 683,535 83.95 −−−− 5,504 80.95

West of Miss. River..................... 99,633 79.40 445,794 77.40 91,128 94.75 w w

U.S. Total...................................... 783,168 83.37 445,794 77.40 91,128 94.75 2 5,504 2 80.95

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Does not include Arkansas. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for coal rank definitions. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal

that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive

capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania

anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

30 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 21. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State

and Mine Production Range, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons, Percent)

Capacity

 Productive Capacity Utilization

(percent)

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range

State and Region (thousand short tons)

 1,000 500 200 100 10 1,000 500 200 100 10

and to to to to and to to to to

over 1,000 500 200 100 over 1,000 500 200 100

Alabama ............................................... 20,922 w 2,262 1,042 1,432 86.66 w 97.55 82.82 63.77

Alaska .................................................. w − − − − w − − − −

Arizona ................................................ w − − − − w − − − −

Arkansas .............................................. − − − − w − − − − w

Colorado .............................................. 31,001 w 1,465 − 1,900 81.71 w 86.34 − 5.12

Illinois .................................................. 41,871 3,990 w w 4,696 88.60 77.77 w w 1.86

Indiana ................................................. 24,981 7,521 3,608 730 159 99.58 93.09 84.42 70.01 39.85

Kansas .................................................. −−− w w −−− w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 69,562 48,151 41,108 19,321 17,311 87.64 85.97 78.98 64.94 47.59

Eastern .............................................. 42,648 39,205 37,687 17,901 15,240 86.22 87.72 79.00 66.00 52.18

Western ............................................. 26,914 8,947 3,420 1,420 2,070 89.89 78.32 78.79 51.55 13.86

Louisiana.............................................. w − − − − w − − − −

Maryland .............................................. w − w w 875 w − w w 62.82

Missouri ............................................... − − w − w − − w − w

Montana ............................................... 55,694 − w − − 73.18 − w − −

New Mexico ........................................ 31,604 − − − − 85.51 − − − −

North Dakota ....................................... 32,568 − − − − 90.82 − − − −

Ohio ..................................................... 18,605 3,396 7,544 2,216 1,683 93.87 85.48 73.81 83.19 79.74

Oklahoma ............................................. − − 1,460 w w − − 64.60 w w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 49,512 6,740 13,751 7,829 9,695 91.95 99.85 81.03 74.94 66.12

Anthracite .......................................... − w 1,390 910 2,983 − w 84.24 87.63 61.60

Bituminous........................................ 49,512 6,520 12,361 6,919 6,712 91.95 93.27 80.67 73.27 68.14

Tennessee ............................................. − w 2,025 − 1,496 − w 91.13 − 57.93

Texas .................................................... 53,514 − w − − 98.45 − w − −

Utah ...................................................... 28,200 w w − − 88.19 w w − −

Virginia ................................................ 9,760 6,645 14,363 5,694 6,560 80.79 93.84 89.62 83.84 60.71

Washington .......................................... w − − − w w − − − w

West Virginia Total............................. 117,133 36,997 28,094 12,580 8,202 91.15 85.00 83.33 58.13 56.44

Northern ............................................ 35,247 7,013 4,083 2,338 2,063 92.32 53.16 83.07 79.51 59.29

Southern ............................................ 81,887 29,984 24,011 10,241 6,139 90.65 92.45 83.37 53.25 55.48

Wyoming ............................................. 358,080 w w − w 78.02 w w − w

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 261,580 96,985 106,627 47,369 45,184 90.02 87.24 81.94 68.78 58.97

Interior Total1 ................................... 151,380 20,458 10,675 3,151 8,057 94.06 83.64 78.17 65.57 11.15

Western Total1 .................................. 558,346 10,181 3,412 − 2,200 79.62 43.89 60.46 − 9.50

East of Miss. River............................ 355,346 117,442 114,381 49,760 52,109 90.52 86.62 82.04 68.26 51.98

West of Miss. River........................... 615,960 10,181 6,332 760 3,332 81.30 43.89 62.24 89.89 20.09

U.S. Total............................................ 971,306 127,623 120,713 50,520 55,441 84.67 83.21 81.00 68.58 50.06

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 31 
Table 22. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and

Capacity Utilization Range, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons, Short Tons per Miner per Hour)

 Productive Capacity Productivity

Capacity Utilization Range

 Coal-Producing (percent)

State and Region

 90 80 70 60 Less 90 80 70 60 Less

 and to to to than Total and to to to than Total

over 90 80 70 60 over 90 80 70 60

Alabama .................................................. 13,947 7,987 w w 2,730 29,081 2.44 2.41 3.67 1.38 2.00 2.39

Alaska ..................................................... −−−− w w −−−− 6.41 6.41

Arizona .................................................... − w −−− w − 7.04 −−− 6.79

Arkansas .................................................. w −−−− w 1.94 −−−− 1.94

Colorado .................................................. 17,766 w − w 7,300 35,466 7.88 9.87 − 4.04 4.29 7.68

Illinois ..................................................... 16,533 16,100 13,000 − 5,890 51,523 4.82 4.29 4.10 − 1.10 4.20

Indiana .................................................... 34,275 − w − w 36,999 5.37 − 7.24 − 3.71 5.33

Kansas ..................................................... − w − − w w − 6.85 − − 1.66 3.82

Kentucky Total ....................................... 100,049 28,660 16,362 8,507 41,875 195,453 4.52 4.56 4.45 3.48 1.88 3.94

Eastern .................................................. 79,932 19,325 w w 35,525 152,681 4.39 4.56 4.32 3.56 1.90 3.83

Western ................................................ 20,117 9,334 w w 6,350 42,771 5.09 4.56 4.77 3.24 1.74 4.38

Louisiana ................................................. w w −−− w 12.66 10.38 −−− 10.94

Maryland ................................................. 3,434 w w − w 4,884 5.15 1.49 3.61 − 2.29 3.93

Missouri .................................................. w w − − w 690 5.31 4.10 − − 1.56 3.19

Montana .................................................. 18,300 w − w 20,580 56,140 25.51 16.47 − 33.74 20.09 23.56

New Mexico ........................................... w w −−− w 5.85 9.65 −−− 9.37

North Dakota .......................................... 23,600 w − − w 32,568 19.05 16.66 − − 11.43 17.82

Ohio ........................................................ 20,578 3,584 2,187 4,789 2,305 33,443 4.15 4.26 5.29 4.02 1.88 4.02

Oklahoma................................................ w w w − w 2,451 2.86 2.84 2.21 − 1.96 2.51

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 61,568 3,953 8,992 4,355 8,658 87,527 4.23 3.14 3.69 4.60 .96 3.63

Anthracite ............................................. 2,662 208 w w 1,379 5,504 3.32 1.46 1.20 5.37 .29 1.76

Bituminous ........................................... 58,906 3,745 w w 7,279 82,024 4.30 3.35 4.18 4.46 1.29 3.89

Tennessee ................................................ 1,917 w 558 w 950 4,100 3.81 2.95 2.27 2.43 .80 2.37

Texas ....................................................... 51,314 − w − w 54,614 10.38 − 15.00 − 3.56 10.24

Utah ......................................................... 21,781 w − w − 30,281 7.37 3.92 − 4.56 − 6.34

Virginia ................................................... 27,641 2,585 1,691 2,054 9,052 43,023 3.35 2.97 2.96 2.24 1.18 2.77

Washington ............................................. w w − − w w 3.66 3.78 − − .97 3.59

West Virginia Total................................ 129,168 27,915 15,921 6,137 23,865 203,006 5.29 4.72 4.23 5.22 1.29 4.46

Northern ............................................... 29,168 9,653 5,079 − 6,844 50,744 4.98 4.23 4.94 − 2.24 4.48

Southern ............................................... 100,000 18,262 10,842 6,137 17,021 152,262 5.39 5.04 3.97 5.22 1.08 4.46

Wyoming ................................................ 123,800 122,800 26,680 30,000 63,400 366,680 43.35 30.36 33.49 44.18 21.76 34.55

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 338,186 66,339 43,341 25,820 84,059 557,745 4.38 3.93 4.02 3.48 1.45 3.76

Interior Total1 ...................................... 123,826 29,788 21,180 2,000 16,926 193,720 6.54 4.60 4.59 3.24 1.90 5.54

Western Total1...................................... 207,840 190,570 26,680 50,600 98,448 574,139 19.49 15.82 33.49 17.55 14.87 17.75

East of Miss. River ............................... 409,111 91,773 61,961 27,820 98,373 689,038 4.50 4.05 4.11 3.46 1.48 3.89

West of Miss. River.............................. 260,741 194,924 29,240 50,600 101,060 636,566 16.35 15.32 26.52 17.55 13.15 16.04

U.S. Total............................................... 669,852 286,697 91,201 78,420 199,434 1,325,604 6.24 8.02 5.67 7.28 2.85 6.04

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations

management and all technical and engineering personnel. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported

by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on

Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than

10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

32 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State

and Recoverable Reserves Range, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Recoverable Reserves Range

(million short tons)

Coal-Producing 50 and over 10 to 50 0 to 10 Total

State and Region

 Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ......................................... w w w w 11,103 83.02 29,081 84.05

Alaska ............................................ w w −− −− w w

Arizona .......................................... w w −− −− w w

Arkansas ........................................ −− −− ww ww

Colorado ........................................ w w 14,131 57.29 w w 35,466 77.39

Illinois ............................................ 14,133 84.68 25,540 87.96 11,850 56.69 51,523 79.87

Indiana ........................................... − − 22,582 97.92 14,417 92.85 36,999 95.94

Kansas ............................................ −− −− ww ww

Kentucky Total.............................. 7,773 93.54 45,263 85.17 142,417 77.09 195,453 79.62

Eastern ........................................ w w w w 118,048 77.54 152,681 79.05

Western ....................................... w w w w 24,368 74.92 42,771 81.63

Louisiana ....................................... w w w w − − w w

Maryland ........................................ − − w w w w 4,884 84.80

Missouri ......................................... −− −− 690 57.36 690 57.36

Montana ......................................... 39,634 66.76 16,506 88.08 − − 56,140 73.03

New Mexico.................................. w w w w − − 31,604 85.51

North Dakota................................. 32,568 90.82 −− −− 32,568 90.82

Ohio ............................................... w w w w 15,589 79.85 33,443 87.07

Oklahoma ...................................... − − w w w w 2,451 65.87

Pennsylvania Total........................ 33,584 94.88 17,767 83.17 36,176 80.26 87,527 86.46

Anthracite ................................... − − w w w w 5,504 80.95

Bituminous ................................. 33,584 94.88 w w w w 82,024 86.83

Tennessee ...................................... − − w w w w 4,100 80.26

Texas .............................................. 51,295 98.38 w w w w 54,614 97.64

Utah ............................................... w w 15,500 96.62 w w 30,281 88.09

Virginia .......................................... − − 8,194 72.41 34,829 85.61 43,023 83.09

Washington .................................... − − ww ww ww

West Virginia Total ...................... 41,509 93.40 52,247 86.94 109,250 81.81 203,006 85.50

Northern ...................................... 22,450 89.79 13,639 75.98 14,655 83.38 50,744 84.23

Southern ...................................... 19,059 97.66 38,608 90.81 94,595 81.56 152,262 85.92

Wyoming ....................................... 351,650 77.38 − − 15,030 65.13 366,680 76.87

Appalachian Total1..................... 97,420 94.28 130,526 83.83 329,798 80.48 557,745 83.67

Interior Total1 ............................. 75,001 94.81 63,515 92.16 55,204 74.58 193,720 88.18

Western Total1 ............................ 499,152 78.51 55,291 82.25 19,696 70.72 574,139 78.60

East of Miss. River...................... 118,126 93.08 190,479 86.37 380,433 79.85 689,038 83.92

West of Miss. River..................... 553,447 80.38 58,854 83.12 24,265 68.98 636,566 80.20

U.S. Total...................................... 671,573 82.62 249,332 85.60 404,698 79.20 1,325,604 82.13

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the

ratio of total production to productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge

operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals

may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 33 
Table 24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State,

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ........................................ 20,337 83.70 − − 8,745 84.88 29,081 84.05

Underground ............................ 18,112 82.37 − − 4,155 86.30 22,267 83.10

Surface..................................... 2,225 94.47 − − 4,590 83.59 6,815 87.14

Alaska ........................................... − − w w − − w w

Surface ..................................... − − w w − − w w

Arizona ......................................... w w −−−− w w

Surface ..................................... w w −−−− w w

Arkansas....................................... − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Colorado ....................................... w w w w 25,966 84.15 35,466 77.39

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 24,966 71.38

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 10,500 91.70

Illinois........................................... 33,914 79.05 w w w w 51,523 79.87

Underground............................ 28,827 76.75 w w w w 44,380 78.47

Surface..................................... 5,087 92.07 w w w w 7,143 88.58

Indiana .......................................... 13,464 99.56 − − 23,534 93.87 36,999 95.94

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 3,749 94.16

Surface ..................................... w w − − w w 33,249 96.14

Kansas........................................... w w − − w w w w

Surface..................................... w w − − w w w w

Kentucky Total............................ w w w w 169,038 79.50 195,453 79.62

Underground ............................ w w w w 100,827 78.95 120,943 79.54

Surface ..................................... 6,299 73.59 − − 68,211 80.31 74,510 79.74

Eastern ....................................... w w w w 139,891 78.70 152,681 79.05

Underground ............................ w w w w 83,089 76.12 90,931 76.79

Surface ..................................... 4,949 81.54 − − 56,801 82.47 61,750 82.39

Western ...................................... 13,624 77.95 − − 29,147 83.35 42,771 81.63

Underground ............................ 12,274 81.64 − − 17,737 92.20 30,012 87.88

Surface ..................................... 1,350 44.45 − − 11,410 69.59 12,760 66.93

Louisiana ...................................... − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Maryland...................................... − − − − 4,884 84.80 4,884 84.80

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Missouri........................................ − − − − 690 57.36 690 57.36

Surface..................................... − − − − 690 57.36 690 57.36

Montana........................................ w w w w w w 56,140 73.03

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 56,140 73.03

New Mexico.................................. w w w w w w 31,604 85.51

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 31,604 85.51

North Dakota ............................... w w w w w w 32,568 90.82

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 32,568 90.82

Ohio ............................................... 16,105 93.97 − − 17,339 80.67 33,443 87.07

Underground ............................ 15,105 97.65 − − 2,973 73.98 18,078 93.76

Surface ..................................... 1,000 38.31 − − 14,365 82.06 15,365 79.21

Oklahoma ..................................... − − − − 2,451 65.87 2,451 65.87

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Pennsylvania Total...................... 36,806 90.64 w w 50,617 83.54 87,527 86.46

Underground ............................ 33,486 92.98 − − 28,012 84.24 61,498 89.00

Surface ..................................... 3,320 67.04 w w 22,606 82.67 26,030 80.47

Anthracite.................................. w w w w 4,008 88.11 5,504 80.95

Underground............................ − − − − w w 528 65.94

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 4,975 82.54

Bituminous ................................ w w − − w w 82,024 86.83

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 60,970 89.20

Surface ..................................... w w − − w w 21,054 79.98

Tennessee...................................... − − − − 4,100 80.26 4,100 80.26

Underground............................ − − − − 1,926 72.18 1,926 72.18

Surface..................................... − − − − 2,174 87.43 2,174 87.43

Texas ............................................. − − 35,181 99.03 19,433 95.13 54,614 97.64

Surface ..................................... − − 35,181 99.03 19,433 95.13 54,614 97.64

Utah ............................................... w w − − w w 30,281 88.09

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 30,281 88.09

Virginia......................................... 9,460 68.65 1,650 85.64 31,912 87.24 43,023 83.09

Underground ............................ w w w w 22,606 87.26 32,716 82.11

Surface ..................................... w w w w 9,306 87.21 10,306 86.22

See footnotes at end of table.

34 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State,

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Washington .................................. − − w w w w w w

Surface..................................... − − w w w w w w

West Virginia Total .................... 103,418 86.92 − − 99,588 84.02 203,006 85.50

Underground ............................ 75,425 84.89 − − 63,264 82.84 138,689 83.96

Surface ..................................... 27,993 92.40 − − 36,324 86.07 64,317 88.82

Northern .................................... 31,764 88.68 − − 18,980 76.78 50,744 84.23

Underground ............................ 31,764 88.68 − − 11,217 79.08 42,981 86.17

Surface..................................... − − − − 7,763 73.46 7,763 73.46

Southern .................................... 71,654 86.14 − − 80,609 85.72 152,262 85.92

Underground ............................ 43,661 82.13 − − 52,047 83.65 95,708 82.96

Surface ..................................... 27,993 92.40 − − 28,562 89.49 56,555 90.93

Wyoming ...................................... w w w w 349,580 76.43 366,680 76.87

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... w w w w w w w w

Appalachian Total1..................... 198,405 86.69 2,265 86.14 357,076 81.98 557,745 83.67

Underground............................ 158,668 86.54 1,411 86.93 209,925 80.72 370,005 83.24

Surface ..................................... 39,736 87.30 854 84.84 147,150 83.77 187,740 84.53

Interior Total1 ............................. 61,255 83.14 39,951 97.18 92,514 87.63 193,720 88.18

Underground............................ 41,284 78.31 3,600 83.23 33,501 88.41 78,384 82.85

Surface ..................................... 19,972 93.12 36,351 98.56 59,013 87.19 115,336 91.80

Western Total1 ............................ 68,398 80.11 66,794 79.02 438,947 78.30 574,139 78.60

Underground ............................ 13,680 72.53 − − 45,247 82.70 58,927 80.34

Surface ..................................... 54,718 82.01 66,794 79.02 393,700 77.80 515,212 78.40

East of Miss. River...................... 259,408 85.90 7,035 84.34 422,596 82.70 689,038 83.92

Underground............................ 199,952 84.84 5,011 84.27 243,183 81.78 448,146 83.17

Surface..................................... 59,456 89.47 2,024 84.50 179,413 83.95 240,893 85.32

West of Miss. River..................... 68,650 79.95 101,975 85.92 465,941 78.98 636,566 80.20

Underground ............................ 13,680 72.53 − − 45,491 82.72 59,170 80.37

Surface ..................................... 54,970 81.80 101,975 85.92 420,450 78.58 577,395 80.18

U.S. Total...................................... 328,057 84.66 109,010 85.82 888,537 80.75 1,325,604 82.13

Underground............................... 213,632 84.05 5,011 84.27 288,673 81.92 507,316 82.84

Surface ........................................ 114,426 85.78 103,999 85.90 599,863 80.19 818,288 81.69

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 35 
Figure 1. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1988 -

1997

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Billion Short Tons

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Surface

Total

Underground

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Billion Short Tons

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Interior

Appalachian

Western

Total

Figure 2. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region,

1988 - 1997

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

Percent

 0

// 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Surface

Total

Underground

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

Percent

 0

// 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Interior

Appalachian

Western

Total

38 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 25. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Million Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 374 452 510 457 427 511 −17.1 −3.2 −3.4

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. − − wwww −− −

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. 568 642 692 676 609 652 −11.5 −1.7 −1.5

Illinois .................................................. 745 891 882 963 1,064 1,350 −16.4 −8.5 −6.4

Indiana ................................................. 393 386 324 304 379 455 1.9 .9 −1.6

Iowa ..................................................... − − − www −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 1,331 1,255 1,279 1,365 1,828 1,729 6.0 −7.6 −2.9

Eastern .............................................. 965 818 763 809 1,347 1,122 17.9 −8.0 −1.7

Western ............................................. 366 437 516 556 481 607 −16.3 −6.6 −5.5

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. 68 71 58 89 66 89 −4.6 .6 −3.0

Missouri ............................................... 1 3 2 12 w w −60.9 w w

Montana ............................................... 1,168 1,309 1,251 1,283 1,285 1,573 −10.8 −2.3 −3.3

New Mexico ........................................ 1,415 1,436 1,480 1,458 1,473 1,590 −1.5 −1.0 −1.3

North Dakota ....................................... 1,211 1,301 1,668 1,695 1,411 1,393 −6.9 −3.8 −1.5

Ohio ..................................................... 318 415 468 479 520 813 −23.2 −11.5 −9.9

Oklahoma............................................. 24 19 19 43 46 35 26.4 −15.4 −4.4

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 905 796 737 913 940 1,281 13.7 −.9 −3.8

Anthracite.......................................... 120 90 49 38 65 58 34.3 16.5 8.5

Bituminous........................................ 785 706 687 875 874 1,223 11.1 −2.7 −4.8

Tennessee............................................. 57 59 68 42 29 112 −4.1 17.8 −7.3

Texas.................................................... 922 878 940 1,026 1,105 1,167 4.9 −4.4 −2.6

Utah...................................................... 433 284 375 423 447 537 52.1 −.8 −2.4

Virginia ................................................ 208 188 203 237 336 411 10.3 −11.3 −7.3

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 1,737 1,731 1,731 1,830 1,931 2,368 .3 −2.6 −3.4

Northern ............................................ 714 741 782 861 824 1,227 −3.6 −3.5 −5.8

Southern ............................................ 1,023 990 949 969 1,107 1,141 3.3 −2.0 −1.2

Wyoming ............................................. 6,465 6,591 6,724 6,999 6,831 6,446 −1.9 −1.4 *

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4,632 4,530 4,538 4,855 5,596 6,707 2.2 −4.6 −4.0

Interior Total1 ................................... 2,591 2,757 2,835 3,069 3,300 3,979 −6.0 −5.9 −4.6

Western Total1 .................................. 11,941 12,141 12,732 13,093 12,639 12,895 −1.6 −1.4 −.8

East of Miss. River............................ 6,136 6,244 6,260 6,679 7,520 9,119 −1.7 −4.9 −4.3

West of Miss. River........................... 13,029 13,184 13,845 14,337 14,016 14,461 −1.2 −1.8 −1.1

U.S. Total............................................ 19,164 19,428 20,105 21,017 21,535 23,581 −1.3 −2.9 −2.3

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 39 
Table 26. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Coal Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997

 Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 State and Region

Alabama .................................................. 54.81 55.56 58.74 60.20 63.16 63.86

Alaska ..................................................... wwwwww

Arizona .................................................... wwwwww

Arkansas .................................................. − − wwww

California ................................................ −−−−− w

Colorado .................................................. 80.43 79.12 66.06 77.12 71.99 64.37

Illinois ..................................................... 53.49 54.20 52.05 52.92 51.19 48.45

Indiana .................................................... 76.35 78.85 76.23 72.75 73.12 72.53

Iowa ........................................................ −−− www

Kansas ..................................................... wwwwww

Kentucky Total ....................................... 60.91 58.99 57.71 59.45 62.26 66.21

Eastern .................................................. 63.14 62.59 60.87 62.60 64.00 69.23

Western ................................................ 55.02 52.27 53.03 54.86 57.38 60.63

Louisiana ................................................. wwwwww

Maryland ................................................. 57.36 61.45 58.34 55.50 67.82 64.21

Missouri .................................................. 60.73 59.87 61.04 81.48 w w

Montana .................................................. 90.27 89.05 90.38 90.51 90.43 90.10

New Mexico ........................................... 93.42 93.35 92.62 92.42 92.28 91.52

North Dakota .......................................... 89.84 89.72 89.58 89.84 90.96 88.51

Ohio ........................................................ 63.89 71.61 68.73 67.81 68.86 69.53

Oklahoma ................................................ 69.34 65.94 62.39 63.89 66.11 89.48

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 65.17 65.59 65.26 68.23 67.95 66.30

Anthracite ............................................. 47.72 59.90 64.39 65.06 61.04 51.55

Bituminous ........................................... 67.85 66.32 65.32 68.37 68.47 67.00

Tennessee ................................................ 68.23 63.33 64.14 65.18 68.92 70.13

Texas ....................................................... 90.47 88.32 87.09 86.10 84.23 81.22

Utah ......................................................... 49.47 45.61 46.10 46.10 47.51 59.29

Virginia ................................................... 58.58 54.81 58.14 58.37 62.72 65.13

Washington ............................................. wwwwww

West Virginia Total................................ 63.58 63.49 62.44 61.10 61.30 59.60

Northern ............................................... 58.54 58.91 55.10 53.06 52.17 51.33

Southern ............................................... 67.10 66.92 68.49 68.24 68.09 68.48

Wyoming ................................................ 92.26 92.16 92.27 92.98 91.94 92.30

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 62.85 63.25 62.65 63.07 64.11 64.59

Interior Total1 ...................................... 72.36 70.15 68.71 68.29 68.27 66.42

Western Total1...................................... 89.63 89.74 88.81 89.72 88.98 88.38

East of Miss. River ............................... 62.11 62.16 61.06 61.36 62.31 62.34

West of Miss. River.............................. 89.64 89.60 88.66 89.32 88.48 87.73

U.S. Total............................................... 80.83 80.78 80.07 80.43 79.34 77.91

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all

mines in the geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

40 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 27. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines

by State and Mine Type, 1997

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Alabama ............................................. 350 52.70 25 84.91 374 54.81

Alaska ................................................. − − w ww w

Arizona ............................................... − − w ww w

Colorado ............................................. w w w w 568 80.43

Illinois ................................................ 728 52.91 16 79.27 745 53.49

Indiana ................................................ w w w w 393 76.35

Kansas ................................................ − − w ww w

Kentucky Total .................................. 1,026 53.90 305 84.52 1,331 60.91

Eastern ............................................. 691 54.63 274 84.59 965 63.14

Western ............................................ 335 52.40 30 83.92 366 55.02

Louisiana ............................................ − − w ww w

Maryland ............................................ w w w w 68 57.36

Missouri .............................................. − − 1 60.73 1 60.73

Montana .............................................. − − 1,168 90.27 1,168 90.27

New Mexico....................................... − − 1,415 93.42 1,415 93.42

North Dakota...................................... − − 1,211 89.84 1,211 89.84

Ohio .................................................... 231 56.52 88 83.28 318 63.89

Oklahoma ........................................... w w w w 24 69.34

Pennsylvania Total............................. 676 64.71 229 66.52 905 65.17

Anthracite ........................................ 23 73.75 97 41.50 120 47.72

Bituminous ...................................... 653 64.39 132 84.95 785 67.85

Tennessee ........................................... w w w w 57 68.23

Texas .................................................. − − 922 90.47 922 90.47

Utah .................................................... 433 49.47 − − 433 49.47

Virginia .............................................. 186 54.95 22 89.27 208 58.58

Washington ........................................ − − w ww w

West Virginia Total ........................... 1,239 57.08 498 79.75 1,737 63.58

Northern .......................................... 622 57.61 92 64.81 714 58.54

Southern .......................................... 617 56.55 406 83.14 1,023 67.10

Wyoming ............................................ w w w w 6,465 92.26

Appalachian Total1.......................... 3,486 57.61 1,146 78.80 4,632 62.85

Interior Total1.................................. 1,113 52.68 1,478 87.18 2,591 72.36

Western Total1................................. 784 61.34 11,157 91.62 11,941 89.63

East of Miss. River .......................... 4,585 56.41 1,551 78.99 6,136 62.11

West of Miss. River ......................... 798 61.30 12,231 91.49 13,029 89.64

U.S. Total .......................................... 5,383 57.13 13,782 90.08 19,164 80.83

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 41 
Table 28. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Underground Mines by State and

Mining Method, 1997

(Million Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... w − 251 w 350

Colorado .............................................. w − 281 − w

Illinois .................................................. w w 362 − 728

Indiana ................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... 913 34 78 1 1,026

Eastern .............................................. w w 5 1 691

Western ............................................. w w 72 − 335

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

Ohio ..................................................... 28 − 203 − 231

Oklahoma ............................................. w −−− w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 177 w 463 w 676

Anthracite .......................................... w w − w 23

Bituminous ........................................ w w 463 − 653

Tennessee ............................................. 27 w − − w

Utah ...................................................... w w 276 − 433

Virginia ................................................ w w 57 − 186

West Virginia Total............................. 523 13 702 2 1,239

Northern ............................................ 85 4 531 2 622

Southern ............................................ 438 8 171 − 617

Wyoming ............................................. w − w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 1,566 109 1,717 94 3,486

Interior Total5 ................................... 678 − 435 − 1,113

Western Total5 .................................. 222 − 562 − 784

East of Miss. River............................ 2,230 109 2,152 94 4,585

West of Miss. River........................... 236 − 562 − 798

U.S. Total............................................ 2,466 109 2,713 94 5,383

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

42 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 29. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and

Mining Method, 1997

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... w − 53.51 w 52.70

Colorado .............................................. w − 83.77 − w

Illinois .................................................. w w 55.74 − 52.91

Indiana ................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... 53.03 67.99 57.71 66.04 53.90

Eastern .............................................. w w 41.56 66.04 54.63

Western ............................................. w w 58.93 − 52.40

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

Ohio ..................................................... 50.91 − 57.28 − 56.52

Oklahoma ............................................. w −−− w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 64.08 w 64.31 w 64.71

Anthracite .......................................... w w − w 73.75

Bituminous ........................................ w w 64.31 − 64.39

Tennessee ............................................. 71.86 w − − w

Utah ...................................................... w w 44.99 − 49.47

Virginia ................................................ w w 39.81 − 54.95

West Virginia Total............................. 54.85 58.60 58.72 55.00 57.08

Northern ............................................ 66.06 62.42 56.23 55.00 57.61

Southern ............................................ 52.68 56.57 66.50 − 56.55

Wyoming ............................................. w − w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 56.09 62.51 58.60 58.97 57.61

Interior Total5 ................................... 50.38 − 56.27 − 52.68

Western Total5 .................................. 53.38 − 64.49 − 61.34

East of Miss. River............................ 54.34 62.51 58.13 58.97 56.41

West of Miss. River........................... 53.71 − 64.49 − 61.30

U.S. Total............................................ 54.28 62.51 59.45 58.97 57.13

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all

mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 43 
Table 30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S.

Mines by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1997

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

Mine Production Range Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average (thousand short tons) Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Over 1,000..................................... 3,851 57.75 12,541 91.03 16,392 83.21

500 to 1,000 .................................. 507 50.52 724 83.95 1,231 70.19

200 to 500 ..................................... 511 56.04 310 83.97 821 66.58

100 to 200 ..................................... 191 55.90 97 62.34 288 58.07

50 to 100 ....................................... 131 61.40 69 52.82 200 58.45

10 to 50 ......................................... 192 63.40 41 83.27 233 66.86

U.S. Total...................................... 5,383 57.13 13,782 90.08 19,164 80.83

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S.

Mines by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1997

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coalbed Thickness Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average (inches) Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

 < 7...................................... − − * 70.38 * 70.38

7-12 ...................................... − − 13 84.44 13 84.44

13-18 .................................... − − 59 88.95 59 88.95

19-24 .................................... 4 60.73 236 84.30 240 83.88

25-30 .................................... 54 57.43 229 85.41 283 80.05

31-36 .................................... 284 60.88 244 80.81 528 70.09

37-42 .................................... 260 56.69 226 79.18 486 67.15

43-48 .................................... 626 60.41 251 86.61 877 67.91

49-54 .................................... 419 54.86 319 88.53 738 69.42

55-60 .................................... 531 55.29 261 90.69 792 66.96

61-66 .................................... 309 56.48 178 88.03 487 68.03

67-72 .................................... 777 55.21 304 88.86 1,080 64.67

73-78 .................................... 566 58.39 168 86.04 734 64.74

79-84 .................................... 460 51.91 297 93.41 756 68.19

85-90 .................................... 123 64.61 167 89.34 290 78.85

91-96 .................................... 279 56.09 154 89.30 433 67.90

97-102 .................................. * 70.00 190 92.10 190 92.07

103-108 ................................ 67 47.03 191 84.55 259 74.78

109-114 ................................ 150 49.31 98 85.05 248 63.44

115-120 ................................ 69 43.94 33 86.74 101 57.72

> 120................................ 405 67.99 10,164 91.11 10,569 90.22

U.S. Total............................ 5,383 57.13 13,782 90.08 19,164 80.83

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents thet percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

44 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997

(Million Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Alabama .............................................. 286 54.49 − − 89 55.85 374 54.81

Underground .................................. 276 53.08 − − 74 51.31 350 52.70

Surface ........................................... 10 95.00 − − 15 78.37 25 84.91

Alaska .................................................. − − w w − − w w

Surface ........................................... − − w w − − w w

Arizona ................................................ w w − −− − w w

Surface ........................................... w w − −− − w w

Colorado ............................................. w w w w 493 79.31 568 80.43

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 347 76.18

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 221 87.10

Illinois .................................................. 304 47.26 w w w w 745 53.49

Underground .................................. 302 47.07 w w w w 728 52.91

Surface ........................................... 2 77.55 w w w w 16 79.27

Indiana ................................................ 136 76.83 − − 257 76.09 393 76.35

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 36 48.23

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 358 79.14

Kansas ................................................. w w − − w ww w

Surface ........................................... w w − − w ww w

Kentucky Total .................................. w w w w 1,194 59.68 1,331 60.91

Underground .................................. w w w w 934 52.99 1,026 53.90

Surface ........................................... 45 88.82 − − 259 83.78 305 84.52

Eastern ............................................. w w w w 869 62.08 965 63.14

Underground .................................. w w w w 640 54.32 691 54.63

Surface ........................................... 45 89.01 − − 229 83.73 274 84.59

Western ............................................ 41 68.86 − − 325 53.27 366 55.02

Underground .................................. 41 68.93 − − 295 50.11 335 52.40

Surface ........................................... * 60.00 − − 30 84.16 30 83.92

Louisiana ............................................ − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Maryland ............................................ − −− − 68 57.36 68 57.36

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Missouri .............................................. − −− − 1 60.73 1 60.73

Surface ........................................... − −− − 1 60.73 1 60.73

Montana .............................................. w w w w w w 1,168 90.27

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 1,168 90.27

New Mexico ........................................ w w w w w w 1,415 93.42

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 1,415 93.42

North Dakota ..................................... w w w w w w 1,211 89.84

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 1,211 89.84

Ohio ..................................................... 205 57.41 − − 114 75.54 318 63.89

Underground .................................. 203 57.28 − − 28 50.91 231 56.52

Surface ........................................... 1 76.00 − − 86 83.41 88 83.28

Oklahoma ........................................... − −− − 24 69.34 24 69.34

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 480 59.22 w w 425 71.86 905 65.17

Underground .................................. 371 62.72 − − 306 67.13 676 64.71

Surface ........................................... 109 47.37 w w 119 84.00 229 66.52

Anthracite ........................................ w w w w 31 68.78 120 47.72

Underground .................................. − −− − w w 23 73.75

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 97 41.50

Bituminous ....................................... w w − − w w 785 67.85

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 653 64.39

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 132 84.95

Tennessee ............................................ − −− − 57 68.23 57 68.23

Underground .................................. − −− − 51 66.12 51 66.12

Surface ........................................... − −− − 6 87.11 6 87.11

Texas ................................................... − − 434 91.58 488 89.49 922 90.47

Surface ........................................... − − 434 91.58 488 89.49 922 90.47

Utah ..................................................... w w − − w w 433 49.47

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 433 49.47

Virginia ............................................... 51 47.05 8 67.67 148 62.06 208 58.58

Underground .................................. w w w w 127 57.53 186 54.95

Surface ........................................... w w w w 21 89.15 22 89.27

Washington ......................................... − − w ww ww w

Surface ........................................... − − w ww ww w

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 45 
Table 32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997 (Continued)

(Million Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

West Virginia Total........................... 1,075 64.26 − − 662 62.45 1,737 63.58

Underground .................................. 820 58.09 − − 420 55.10 1,239 57.08

Surface ........................................... 256 84.03 − − 242 75.21 498 79.75

Northern .......................................... 531 56.23 − − 183 65.23 714 58.54

Underground .................................. 531 56.23 − − 91 65.65 622 57.61

Surface ........................................... − −− − 92 64.81 92 64.81

Southern ........................................... 544 72.11 − − 478 61.39 1,023 67.10

Underground .................................. 288 61.54 − − 329 52.17 617 56.55

Surface ........................................... 256 84.03 − − 150 81.61 406 83.14

Wyoming ............................................. w w w w 6,147 92.34 6,465 92.26

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 2,190 61.24 12 63.36 2,430 64.30 4,632 62.85

Underground .................................. 1,769 57.90 11 59.69 1,706 57.29 3,486 57.61

Surface ........................................... 421 75.25 1 94.15 724 80.84 1,146 78.80

Interior Total1 ................................... 483 57.50 478 89.41 1,630 71.76 2,591 72.36

Underground .................................. 343 49.60 31 62.97 739 53.68 1,113 52.68

Surface ........................................... 140 76.85 447 91.24 891 86.76 1,478 87.18

Western Total1 .................................. 1,218 85.83 2,445 91.63 8,278 89.60 11,941 89.63

Underground .................................. 112 50.47 − − 672 63.15 784 61.34

Surface ........................................... 1,106 89.40 2,445 91.63 7,606 91.94 11,157 91.62

East of Miss. River............................ 2,671 60.56 56 67.02 3,409 63.25 6,136 62.11

Underground .................................. 2,112 56.55 42 62.14 2,431 56.18 4,585 56.41

Surface ........................................... 559 75.70 14 81.25 978 80.83 1,551 78.99

West of Miss. River........................... 1,220 85.78 2,879 91.63 8,929 89.52 13,029 89.64

Underground .................................. 112 50.47 − − 686 63.07 798 61.30

Surface ........................................... 1,109 89.35 2,879 91.63 8,243 91.72 12,231 91.49

U.S. Total............................................ 3,891 68.47 2,935 91.16 12,338 82.26 19,164 80.83

Underground .................................. 2,224 56.25 42 62.14 3,117 57.70 5,383 57.13

Surface ........................................... 1,667 84.77 2,894 91.57 9,221 90.57 13,782 90.08

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See

Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

46 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 33. U.S. Demonstrated Reserve Base of Coal by Potential Mining Method and Ranked by

State Total, January 1, 1995

(Million Short Tons)

 Rank State Underground Surface Total

1 Montana 70,959 48,815 119,773

2 Illinois 73,781 16,175 89,956

3 Wyoming 42,525 25,971 68,496

4 West Virginia 31,420 4,564 35,983

5 Kentucky 18,885 13,680 32,565

6 Pennsylvania 24,408 4,460 28,868

Anthracite 3,850 3,375 7,225

Bituminous 20,558 1,085 21,643

7 Ohio 17,847 5,907 23,754

8 Colorado 12,049 4,795 16,844

9 Texas − 13,065 13,065

10 New Mexico 6,205 6,341 12,547

11 Indiana 8,873 1,118 9,991

12 North Dakota − 9,470 9,470

13 Alaska 5,423 707 6,130

14 Utah 5,688 268 5,956

15 Missouri 1,479 4,517 5,996

16 Alabama 1,362 3,273 4,635

17 Virginia 1,630 697 2,327

18 Iowa 1,733 457 2,190

19 Oklahoma 1,237 342 1,580

20 Washington 1,332 69 1,401

21 Kansas − 976 976

22 Tennessee 539 288 827

23 Maryland 649 82 731

24 Louisiana − 471 471

25 Arkansas 273 145 417

26 South Dakota − 366 366

27 Arizona 102 87 189

28 Michigan 123 5 128

29 Oregon 15 3 18

30 North Carolina 11 − 11

31 Idaho 4 − 4

32 Georgia 2 2 4

U.S. Total 328,552 167,113 495,666

− Data not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, ‘‘U.S. Coal Reserves: A Review and Update (DOE/EIA-0529(95)), August, 1996.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 47 
Table 34. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997

Alabama ..................................................... 1,289 1,031 1,358 1,204 1,698 25.0 −6.7

Alaska......................................................... 25 6 26 58 19 341.7 6.8

Arizona....................................................... 2,911 2,232 2,760 2,634 1,590 30.4 16.3

Arkansas..................................................... 2 1 4 2 5 39.7 −18.5

Colorado..................................................... 1,364 494 1,063 1,575 1,155 176.0 4.2

Illinois ........................................................ 1,358 1,190 2,069 1,651 713 14.1 17.5

Indiana........................................................ 698 574 611 803 527 21.6 7.3

Kansas ........................................................ − 19 27 31 25 −100.0 −

Kentucky Total .......................................... 5,376 4,460 4,777 5,025 3,216 20.5 13.7

Eastern..................................................... 4,622 3,720 4,088 4,235 2,558 24.2 15.9

Western ................................................... 754 740 689 790 658 1.9 3.5

Louisiana.................................................... 152 38 309 202 12 304.0 89.9

Maryland .................................................... 271 143 269 179 123 90.1 21.8

Missouri ..................................................... 1 − − − 2 − −22.9

Montana ..................................................... 682 580 718 635 876 17.6 −6.0

New Mexico............................................... 1,023 1,890 2,015 1,467 2,343 −45.8 −18.7

North Dakota ............................................. 1,965 1,574 1,797 1,812 1,607 24.8 5.2

Ohio............................................................ 774 532 1,374 833 550 45.5 8.9

Oklahoma ................................................... * 7 2 4 5 −94.4 −47.0

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 2,507 3,113 2,487 2,787 1,826 −19.5 8.3

Anthracite................................................ 486 1,323 389 249 234 −63.3 20.1

Bituminous .............................................. 2,021 1,790 2,098 2,538 1,592 12.9 6.1

Tennessee ................................................... 32 23 88 57 35 37.4 −2.5

Texas .......................................................... 1,506 1,254 864 1,430 1,237 20.1 5.0

Utah............................................................ 2,112 1,337 1,946 1,301 1,203 57.9 15.1

Virginia ...................................................... 2,328 1,644 1,649 1,180 1,389 41.5 13.8

Washington ................................................ 56 55 59 65 72 1.3 −6.2

West Virginia Total ................................... 5,504 4,947 6,176 6,692 4,059 11.3 7.9

Northern .................................................. 858 584 1,959 1,940 685 46.9 5.8

Southern .................................................. 4,645 4,362 4,217 4,752 3,374 6.5 8.3

Wyoming.................................................... 2,036 1,504 1,997 1,592 998 35.4 19.5

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 17,327 15,153 17,489 17,166 12,239 14.3 9.1

Interior Total1.......................................... 4,471 3,823 4,575 4,913 3,182 17.0 8.9

Western Total1......................................... 12,174 9,672 12,381 11,140 9,863 25.9 5.4

East of Miss. River .................................. 20,138 17,657 20,858 20,410 14,137 14.0 9.3

West of Miss. River ................................. 13,835 10,991 13,587 12,809 11,147 25.9 5.5

U.S. Total .................................................. 33,973 28,648 34,444 33,219 25,284 18.6 7.7

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

50 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Figure 3. U.S. Coal Imports, 1988-1997

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Thousand Short Tons

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Indonesia

Venezuela

Total

Colombia

Canada

52 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 35. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1988, 1993-1997

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Origin 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... 1,211,910 1,433,813 1,344,614 1,253,417 1,053,576 596,535 −15.5 3.6 8.2

Canada .............................................. 1,211,557 1,426,504 1,319,742 1,253,196 1,051,273 552,238 −15.1 3.6 9.1

Guatemala ......................................... − − − − 4 −− −100.0 −

Mexico .............................................. 353 7,309 216 221 2,299 44,297 −95.2 −37.4 −41.5

Netherlands Antilles ......................... − − 24,656 − − −− − −

South America Total......................... 4,631,213 3,989,640 4,583,283 4,920,202 5,415,318 1,427,979 16.1 −3.8 14.0

Argentina .......................................... 13 − − − − −− − −

Colombia........................................... 3,117,122 2,526,804 2,736,933 3,389,654 4,117,036 1,225,167 23.4 −6.7 10.9

Venezuela.......................................... 1,514,078 1,462,836 1,846,350 1,530,548 1,298,282 202,812 3.5 3.9 25.0

Europe Total ...................................... 26,635 2,613 522 40 62 1,135 NM 355.3 42.0

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 6,016 2,473 −−−− 143.3 − −

Denmark............................................ − − 236 − 60 177 − −100.0 −100.0

Germany, FR .................................... 20 − − − − 200 − −−22.6

Netherlands ....................................... − − − − − 320 − −−100.0

Norway.............................................. 20,383 − − − − −− − −

Poland ............................................... − − − 40 2 −− −100.0 −

Spain ................................................. − 99 − − − 124 −100.0 − −100.0

Switzerland ....................................... 201 − − − − −− − −

Turkey............................................... − 41 − − − − −100.0 − −

United Kingdom ............................... 15 − 286 − − 314 − −−28.7

Asia Total ........................................... 1,460,503 1,534,989 1,018,512 1,153,561 708,080 42,191 −4.8 19.8 48.3

China (Mainland).............................. 2,006 − 53 111 − −− − −

Hong Kong ....................................... − 1 − − − 2 −100.0 − −100.0

Indonesia........................................... 1,425,916 1,534,986 1,018,433 1,130,468 708,080 − −7.1 19.1 −

Japan ................................................. − 2 26 1 − 42,189 −100.0 − −100.0

Vietnam ............................................. 32,581 − − 22,981 − −− − −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 156,515 164,793 254,141 100,313 105,452 66,190 −5.0 10.4 10.0

Australia............................................ 115,510 164,793 211,702 92,204 100,076 66,190 −29.9 3.6 6.4

New Zealand..................................... 41,005 − 42,439 8,109 5,376 − − 66.2 −

Africa Total........................................ − − − 156,452 26,419 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ −−− 149,748 20,319 −− −100.0 −

Swaziland.......................................... − − − 6,704 6,100 −− −100.0 −

Total .................................................... 7,486,776 7,125,848 7,201,072 7,583,985 7,308,907 2,134,030 5.1 .6 15.0

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 53 
Table 36. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1988, 1993-1997

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Customs District 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Eastern Total...................................... 2,508,318 2,144,142 1,935,401 1,554,466 1,275,919 196,612 17.0 18.4 32.7

Boston, MA ...................................... 1,533,510 1,803,234 1,484,886 977,473 674,086 177 −14.9 22.8 173.8

Baltimore, MD.................................. − 99 28,328 88,668 224,579 200 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Portland, ME..................................... 366,768 246,852 364,232 385,097 236,473 51,566 48.6 11.6 24.3

Buffalo, NY ...................................... 6,060 2,658 2,034 − − 21 128.0 − 87.6

New York City, NY ......................... 518,043 65 522 − 2 445 NM NM 119.1

Ogdensburg, NY............................... − 50 − − − − −100.0 − −

Philadelphia, PA ............................... 83,918 91,184 55,399 78,387 140,779 144,203 −8.0 −12.1 −5.8

Norfolk, VA...................................... 19 − − 24,841 − −− − −

Southern Total ................................... 2,985,167 2,745,266 3,101,069 4,106,306 4,321,336 1,372,054 8.7 −8.8 9.0

Mobile, AL ....................................... 214,241 288,484 1,108,555 1,033,368 935,232 − −25.7 −30.8 −

Savannah, GA................................... 178,085 118,509 − 29,582 − − 50.3 − −

Miami, FL......................................... 38,604 − 26,035 7,496 − −− − −

Tampa, FL ........................................ 1,320,515 1,419,408 1,284,109 2,080,757 2,263,893 752,650 −7.0 −12.6 6.4

New Orleans, LA ............................. 840,919 808,592 387,861 524,256 675,827 178,226 4.0 5.6 18.8

Wilmington, NC ............................... − − − 26,648 − −− − −

San Juan, PR..................................... 201,413 96,901 272,296 80,016 107,506 395,079 107.8 17.0 −7.2

Houston-Galveston, TX.................... 154,865 6,063 − 154,938 121,505 1,802 NM 6.3 64.0

Laredo, TX ....................................... 353 7,309 167 221 2,299 44,297 −95.2 −37.4 −41.5

Virgin Islands ................................... 36,172 − 22,046 169,024 215,074 −− −36.0 −

Western Total .................................... 862,053 830,157 863,707 710,576 730,662 136,582 3.8 4.2 22.7

Los Angeles, CA .............................. 149 2 − 12 − − NM − −

San Diego, CA ................................. − − 49 − − −− − −

San Francisco, CA............................ −−−−− 17,000 − −−100.0

Honolulu, HI..................................... 759,385 810,176 844,785 670,005 660,379 64,388 −6.3 3.5 31.5

Great Falls, MT ................................ 282 25 645 34,426 41,580 52,518 NM −71.3 −44.0

Portland, OR ..................................... 20,383 − − − − −− − −

Seattle, WA....................................... 81,854 19,954 18,228 6,133 28,703 2,676 310.2 29.9 46.2

Northern Total................................... 1,131,238 1,406,283 1,300,895 1,212,637 980,990 428,782 −19.5 3.6 11.4

Chicago, IL ....................................... 329,778 238,592 64,394 283,106 134,485 320,361 38.2 25.1 .3

Detroit, MI........................................ 388,678 374,566 421,633 312,214 203,067 − 3.8 17.6 −

Duluth, MN....................................... 416 291,346 244,278 77,355 12,811 − −99.8 −57.5 −

Pembina, ND .................................... 410,509 501,778 570,590 539,962 630,627 108,108 −18.2 −10.2 16.0

Cleveland, OH .................................. − − − − − 313 − −−100.0

Milwaukee, WI ................................. 1,857 − − − − −− − −

Total .................................................... 7,486,776 7,125,848 7,201,072 7,583,985 7,308,907 2,134,030 5.1 .6 15.0

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

54 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination

State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Short Tons)

Percent Country of Origin 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change and Destination State 1996-1997

Australia Total................................... 155,632 147,204 211,099 109,737 98,947 38,365 5.7

Florida............................................ − − − − − 38,365 −

Hawaii............................................ 155,632 147,204 211,099 109,737 98,947 − 5.7

Canada Total...................................... 865,355 1,332,243 1,401,960 1,317,929 664,835 51,900 −35.0

Illinois ............................................ 147,967 215,959 222,876 346,192 50,936 − −31.5

Indiana ........................................... 474,369 735,342 760,508 592,655 582,689 − −35.5

Michigan ........................................ 200,919 361,458 393,367 371,097 − −−44.4

New Hampshire............................. − − − − − 51,900 −

Ohio ............................................... 652 1,454 1,410 1,635 2,000 − −55.1

Washington .................................... 41,448 18,030 23,799 6,350 29,210 − 129.9

Colombia Total .................................. 2,958,645 2,285,840 2,202,005 3,150,128 3,642,728 686,890 29.4

Alabama......................................... 214,251 160,675 161,950 178,330 57,602 − 33.3

Delaware ........................................ − − 7,143 22,031 − −−

Florida............................................ 1,385,340 1,417,220 1,340,640 2,348,550 2,999,303 686,890 −2.2

Georgia .......................................... − − − 11,902 − − −

Maine ............................................. − 45,220 − − − − −100.0

Maryland........................................ − − − 88,000 224,000 − −

Massachusetts ................................ 1,077,600 630,400 557,900 135,500 187,200 − 70.9

New Hampshire............................. 35,360 32,325 134,372 163,311 52,143 − 9.4

New Jersey..................................... − − − 22,500 − − −

New York ...................................... 147,050 − − − − − −

North Carolina............................... − − − 26,600 − − −

Texas.............................................. 99,044 − − 153,404 122,480 − −

Indonesia Total .................................. 782,035 833,706 428,554 437,292 118,981 − −6.2

Florida............................................ 741,264 807,803 348,854 147,215 − −−8.2

Indiana ........................................... − − − − 11,100 − −

Louisiana........................................ − − − 169,181 − − −

Maine ............................................. − − − − 3,135 − −

Massachusetts ................................ − − − 7,938 − − −

Mississippi ..................................... − − − − 67,547 − −

New Hampshire............................. 40,771 25,903 79,700 112,958 37,199 − 57.4

Mexico Total ...................................... − 15,561 − − 33,520 − −100.0

Texas.............................................. − 15,561 − − 33,520 − −100.0

South Africa Total............................. −−− 127,300 − −−

Florida............................................ − − − 127,300 − − −

Venezuela Total ................................. 1,409,628 1,861,504 2,073,645 1,456,645 936,945 192,782 −24.3

Alabama......................................... − − − − 30,278 − −

Connecticut .................................... 35,000 28,000 − − − − 25.0

Florida............................................ 58,643 298,200 891,400 421,674 312,193 192,782 −80.3

Georgia .......................................... 279,139 209,907 − 26,835 − − 33.0

Maine ............................................. 2,708 13,966 81,392 91,436 9,123 − −80.6

Massachusetts ................................ 382,900 1,135,500 903,700 916,700 476,100 − −66.3

New Hampshire............................. 228,969 96,033 82,425 − 109,251 − 138.4

New York ...................................... 350,400 − 28,189 − − −−

Pennsylvania .................................. 71,869 79,898 86,539 − − −−10.0

Total .................................................... 6,171,295 6,476,058 6,317,263 6,599,031 5,495,956 969,937 −4.7

Alabama......................................... 214,251 160,675 161,950 178,330 87,880 − 33.3

Connecticut .................................... 35,000 28,000 − − − − 25.0

Delaware ........................................ − − 7,143 22,031 − −−

Florida............................................ 2,185,247 2,523,223 2,580,894 3,044,739 3,311,496 918,037 −13.4

Georgia .......................................... 279,139 209,907 − 38,737 − − 33.0

Hawaii............................................ 155,632 147,204 211,099 109,737 98,947 − 5.7

Illinois ............................................ 147,967 215,959 222,876 346,192 50,936 − −31.5

Indiana ........................................... 474,369 735,342 760,508 592,655 593,789 − −35.5

Louisiana........................................ − − − 169,181 − − −

Maine ............................................. 2,708 59,186 81,392 91,436 12,258 − −95.4

Maryland........................................ − − − 88,000 224,000 − −

Massachusetts ................................ 1,460,500 1,765,900 1,461,600 1,060,138 663,300 − −17.3

Michigan ........................................ 200,919 361,458 393,367 371,097 − −−44.4

Mississippi ..................................... − − − − 67,547 − −

New Hampshire............................. 305,100 154,261 296,497 276,269 198,593 51,900 97.8

New Jersey..................................... − − − 22,500 − − −

New York ...................................... 497,450 − 28,189 − − −−

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 55 
Table 37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination

State, 1988, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Short Tons)

Percent Country of Origin 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change and Destination State 1996-1997

Total (Continued)

North Carolina............................... − − − 26,600 −− −

Ohio ............................................... 652 1,454 1,410 1,635 2,000 − −55.1

Pennsylvania .................................. 71,869 79,898 86,539 − −− −10.0

Texas .............................................. 99,044 15,561 − 153,404 156,000 − NM

Washington .................................... 41,448 18,030 23,799 6,350 29,210 − 129.9

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Notes: Data for 1988 are only for receipts at electric utilities. Data for 1993 through 1997 are for receipts at electric utilities, manufacturing plants and

coke plants. See Table 38 and Table 39 for related data. See Technical Note 1 for the difference between receipts of imported coal and U.S. coal imports.

Sources: 1988: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

1993-1997: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants’’; and FERC, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

56 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 38. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and

Destination State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Country of Origin 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change and Destination State 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Australia Total................................... − − − − − 38,365 − −−100.0

Florida............................................ − − − − − 38,365 − −−100.0

Canada Total...................................... 9,590 18,030 23,799 63,350 29,210 51,900 −46.8 −24.3 −17.1

Michigan ........................................ − − − 57,000 − −− − −

New Hampshire............................. − − − − − 51,900 − −−100.0

Washington .................................... 9,590 18,030 23,799 6,350 29,210 − −46.8 −24.3 −

Colombia Total .................................. 2,744,394 2,079,945 2,040,055 2,971,798 3,585,126 686,890 31.9 −6.5 16.6

Delaware ........................................ − − 7,143 22,031 − −− − −

Florida............................................ 1,385,340 1,417,220 1,340,640 2,348,550 2,999,303 686,890 −2.2 −17.6 8.1

Georgia .......................................... − − − 11,902 − −− − −

Maryland........................................ − − − 88,000 224,000 −− −100.0 −

Massachusetts ................................ 1,077,600 630,400 557,900 135,500 187,200 − 70.9 54.9 −

New Hampshire............................. 35,360 32,325 134,372 163,311 52,143 − 9.4 −9.3 −

New Jersey..................................... − − − 22,500 − −− − −

New York ...................................... 147,050 − − − − −− − −

North Carolina............................... − − − 26,600 − −− − −

Texas.............................................. 99,044 − − 153,404 122,480 −− −5.2 −

Indonesia Total .................................. 782,035 833,706 428,554 437,292 115,846 − −6.2 61.2 −

Florida............................................ 741,264 807,803 348,854 147,215 − −−8.2 − −

Indiana ........................................... − − − − 11,100 −− −100.0 −

Louisiana........................................ − − − 169,181 − −− − −

Massachusetts ................................ − − − 7,938 − −− − −

Mississippi ..................................... − − − − 67,547 −− −100.0 −

New Hampshire............................. 40,771 25,903 79,700 112,958 37,199 − 57.4 2.3 −

South Africa Total............................. −−− 127,300 − −− − −

Florida............................................ − − − 127,300 − −− − −

Venezuela Total ................................. 1,335,051 1,767,640 1,905,714 1,365,209 897,544 192,782 −24.5 10.4 24.0

Connecticut .................................... 35,000 28,000 −−−− 25.0 − −

Florida............................................ 58,643 298,200 891,400 421,674 312,193 192,782 −80.3 −34.2 −12.4

Georgia .......................................... 279,139 209,907 − 26,835 − − 33.0 − −

Massachusetts ................................ 382,900 1,135,500 903,700 916,700 476,100 − −66.3 −5.3 −

New Hampshire............................. 228,969 96,033 82,425 − 109,251 − 138.4 20.3 −

New York ...................................... 350,400 − 28,189 − − −− − −

Total .................................................... 4,871,070 4,699,321 4,398,122 4,964,949 4,627,726 969,937 3.6 1.3 19.6

Connecticut .................................... 35,000 28,000 −−−− 25.0 − −

Delaware ........................................ − − 7,143 22,031 − −− − −

Florida............................................ 2,185,247 2,523,223 2,580,894 3,044,739 3,311,496 918,037 −13.4 −9.9 10.1

Georgia .......................................... 279,139 209,907 − 38,737 − − 33.0 − −

Indiana ........................................... − − − − 11,100 −− −100.0 −

Louisiana........................................ − − − 169,181 − −− − −

Maryland........................................ − − − 88,000 224,000 −− −100.0 −

Massachusetts ................................ 1,460,500 1,765,900 1,461,600 1,060,138 663,300 − −17.3 21.8 −

Michigan ........................................ − − − 57,000 − −− − −

Mississippi ..................................... − − − − 67,547 −− −100.0 −

New Hampshire............................. 305,100 154,261 296,497 276,269 198,593 51,900 97.8 11.3 21.8

New Jersey..................................... − − − 22,500 − −− − −

New York ...................................... 497,450 − 28,189 − − −− − −

North Carolina............................... − − − 26,600 − −− − −

Texas.............................................. 99,044 − − 153,404 122,480 −− −5.2 −

Washington .................................... 9,590 18,030 23,799 6,350 29,210 − −46.8 −24.3 −

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 57 
Table 39. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of

Origin and Destination State, 1995-1997

(Short Tons)

 Country Manufacturing Coke Plants Total

 of Origin

 and Percent

Destination 1997 1996 1995 1997 1996 1995 1997 1996 1995 Change

 State 1996-1997

Australia Total................................... 155,632 147,204 211,099 −−− 155,632 147,204 211,099 5.7

Hawaii............................................ 155,632 147,204 211,099 −−− 155,632 147,204 211,099 5.7

Canada Total...................................... 32,510 1,454 1,410 823,255 1,312,759 1,376,751 855,765 1,314,213 1,378,161 −34.9

Illinois ............................................ − − − 147,967 215,959 222,876 147,967 215,959 222,876 −31.5

Indiana ........................................... − − − 474,369 735,342 760,508 474,369 735,342 760,508 −35.5

Michigan ........................................ − − − 200,919 361,458 393,367 200,919 361,458 393,367 −44.4

Ohio ............................................... 652 1,454 1,410 − − − 652 1,454 1,410 −55.2

Washington .................................... 31,858 − − − − − 31,858 − − −

Colombia Total .................................. 214,251 205,895 161,950 −−− 214,251 205,895 161,950 4.1

Alabama......................................... 214,251 160,675 161,950 −−− 214,251 160,675 161,950 33.3

Maine ............................................. − 45,220 − − − − − 45,220 − −100.0

Indonesia Total .................................. − − − − − − − − − −

Maine ............................................. − − − − − − − − − −

Mexico Total ...................................... − 15,561 − − − − − 15,561 − −100.0

Texas.............................................. − 15,561 − − − − − 15,561 − −100.0

Venezuela Total ................................. 74,577 93,864 167,931 −−− 74,577 93,864 167,931 −20.5

Alabama......................................... − − − − − − − − − −

Maine ............................................. 2,708 13,966 81,392 − − − 2,708 13,966 81,392 −80.6

Pennsylvania .................................. 71,869 79,898 86,539 −−− 71,869 79,898 86,539 −10.0

Total .................................................... 476,970 463,978 542,390 823,255 1,312,759 1,376,751 1,300,225 1,776,737 1,919,141 −26.8

Alabama......................................... 214,251 160,675 161,950 −−− 214,251 160,675 161,950 33.3

Hawaii............................................ 155,632 147,204 211,099 −−− 155,632 147,204 211,099 5.7

Illinois ............................................ − − − 147,967 215,959 222,876 147,967 215,959 222,876 −31.5

Indiana ........................................... − − − 474,369 735,342 760,508 474,369 735,342 760,508 −35.5

Maine ............................................. 2,708 59,186 81,392 − − − 2,708 59,186 81,392 −95.4

Michigan ........................................ − − − 200,919 361,458 393,367 200,919 361,458 393,367 −44.4

Ohio ............................................... 652 1,454 1,410 − − − 652 1,454 1,410 −55.2

Pennsylvania .................................. 71,869 79,898 86,539 −−− 71,869 79,898 86,539 −10.0

Texas.............................................. − 15,561 − − − − − 15,561 − −100.0

Washington .................................... 31,858 − − − − − 31,858 − − −

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants.’’

58 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Employment and Productivity

Employment

In 1997, the average number of miners working daily

at mines and/or preparation plants producing or processing 10,000 or more short tons of coal totaled

81,516 miners a decrease of 2.3 percent from the 1996

level (Table 40). Wyoming the largest ranking coalproducing state had an average of 2,777 miners

working daily in 1997, while Kentucky and West

Virginia had an average of 18,937 and 18,245 miners

working daily. Together these three States accounted

for 49 percent of total employment in 1997. Employment in the Western Region increased by 1.3 percent,

while the Appalachian and Interior Regions decreased

by 2.2 and 5.7 percent, respectively.

The average number of miners at underground and

surface mines in 1997 totaled 52,487 miners and

29,029 miners, respectively (Tables 41 and 42).

Miners at underground mines accounted for 64

percent of all U.S. miners while miners at surface

mines accounted for 36 percent. The 3.6 percent

increase of miners at underground mines West of the

Mississippi River was offset somewhat by the 2.8

percent decrease East of the Mississippi River.

A total of 39,448 miners, or 48 percent of the mining

workforce worked in mines producing 1 million short

tons or more coal which accounted for 75 percent of

total production. Of this total, 66 percent worked in

underground mines and 34 percent at surface mines.

The United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) continues to be the largest union, representing 88 percent

of the unionized workforce and 38 percent of the total

coal minimg workforce (Table 46).

Productivity

In 1997, coal miners working daily averaged 6.04

short tons per miner per hour, an increase of 6.1

percent from the 1996 level (Table 48). Increases

occurred in all regions, with the Appalachian Region

showing the largest increase, 8 percent. Over the last

decade, productivity has risen at an annual average

rate of 6.1 percent, increasing both at underground

and surface mines. Underground mines increased 5.4

percent over the last decade, while surface mines rose

6.6 percent during the same period.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 59 
Figure 4. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1988-1997

0

50

100

150

200

250

Thousands

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Appalachian

Total

Interior Western

0

50

100

150

200

250

Thousands

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Surface

Total

Underground

Figure 5. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1988-1997

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Short Tons per Miner per Hour

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Appalachian

Total

Interior

Western

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Short Tons per Miner per Hour

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Surface

Total

Underground

62 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 40. Average Number of Miners by State, 1988, 1993-1997

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 4,928 5,031 5,567 5,418 5,399 6,858 −2.0 −2.3 −3.6

Alaska .................................................. 99 102 102 105 96 93 −2.9 .8 .7

Arizona ................................................ 676 651 831 864 876 984 3.8 −6.3 −4.1

Arkansas .............................................. 2 − 4 15 5 22 − −20.5 −23.4

California ............................................. − − − − − 8 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 1,362 1,332 1,777 1,905 1,775 2,103 2.3 −6.4 −4.7

Illinois .................................................. 4,612 5,174 5,652 6,591 7,303 10,022 −10.9 −10.8 −8.3

Indiana ................................................. 2,712 2,579 2,571 3,206 3,331 4,108 5.1 −5.0 −4.5

Iowa ..................................................... − − − 20 90 121 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 67 54 54 63 81 268 24.1 −4.6 −14.3

Kentucky Total .................................... 18,937 18,826 21,125 23,368 24,063 30,559 .6 −5.8 −5.2

Eastern .............................................. 15,422 15,130 16,840 18,577 18,711 24,346 1.9 −4.7 −4.9

Western ............................................. 3,515 3,696 4,285 4,791 5,352 6,213 −4.9 −10.0 −6.1

Louisiana.............................................. 114 111 114 111 99 78 2.7 3.6 4.3

Maryland.............................................. 458 469 458 451 441 530 −2.3 .9 −1.6

Missouri ............................................... 51 80 92 116 180 671 −36.3 −27.0 −24.9

Montana ............................................... 708 705 722 705 660 872 .4 1.8 −2.3

New Mexico ........................................ 1,339 1,347 1,747 1,786 1,762 1,584 −.6 −6.6 −1.8

North Dakota ....................................... 657 640 716 645 782 977 2.6 −4.3 −4.3

Ohio ..................................................... 3,124 3,232 3,386 3,983 3,866 7,106 −3.3 −5.2 −8.7

Oklahoma............................................. 269 233 241 253 273 727 15.4 −.4 −10.4

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 9,575 9,021 8,968 9,975 10,940 16,573 6.1 −3.3 −5.9

Anthracite.......................................... 1,287 1,171 1,069 1,183 1,124 1,453 9.9 3.4 −1.3

Bituminous........................................ 8,288 7,850 7,899 8,792 9,816 15,120 5.6 −4.1 −6.5

Tennessee............................................. 707 756 681 669 646 2,119 −6.5 2.3 −11.5

Texas.................................................... 1,363 1,550 1,590 1,733 1,841 3,057 −12.1 −7.2 −8.6

Utah...................................................... 1,922 1,804 1,893 1,675 1,769 2,375 6.5 2.1 −2.3

Virginia ................................................ 6,235 6,241 6,919 8,121 8,339 10,696 −.1 −7.0 −5.8

Washington .......................................... 577 589 566 570 567 716 −2.0 .4 −2.4

West Virginia Total............................. 18,245 20,121 21,334 21,861 22,979 28,972 −9.3 −5.6 −5.0

Northern ............................................ 4,980 5,279 6,114 6,659 7,274 9,945 −5.7 −9.0 −7.4

Southern ............................................ 13,265 14,842 15,220 15,202 15,705 19,027 −10.6 −4.1 −3.9

Wyoming ............................................. 2,777 2,814 3,142 3,291 3,159 3,167 −1.3 −3.2 −1.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 58,694 60,001 64,153 69,055 71,321 97,200 −2.2 −4.8 −5.4

Interior Total1 ................................... 12,705 13,477 14,603 16,899 18,555 25,287 −5.7 −9.0 −7.4

Western Total1 .................................. 10,117 9,984 11,496 11,546 11,446 12,879 1.3 −3.0 −2.6

East of Miss. River............................ 69,533 71,450 76,661 83,643 87,307 117,543 −2.7 −5.5 −5.7

West of Miss. River........................... 11,983 12,012 13,591 13,857 14,015 17,823 −.2 −3.8 −4.3

U.S. Total............................................ 81,516 83,462 90,252 97,500 101,322 135,366 −2.3 −5.3 −5.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 63 
Table 41. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 4,014 4,145 4,314 3,775 3,707 4,507 −3.2 2.0 −1.3

Arkansas .............................................. − − − 10 − −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 923 918 1,301 1,248 1,119 1,424 .5 −4.7 −4.7

Illinois .................................................. 4,044 4,256 4,780 5,595 6,196 7,440 −5.0 −10.1 −6.5

Indiana ................................................. 411 457 485 485 545 402 −10.1 −6.8 .2

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − − 45 −− −

Kentucky Total .................................... 12,947 12,876 14,542 15,837 16,493 20,473 .5 −5.9 −5.0

Eastern .............................................. 10,369 10,275 11,366 12,849 13,028 16,085 .9 −5.5 −4.8

Western ............................................. 2,578 2,601 3,176 2,988 3,465 4,388 −.9 −7.1 −5.7

Maryland.............................................. 304 308 293 284 260 288 −1.3 4.0 .6

Montana ............................................... − 18 − − 7 − −100.0 − −

New Mexico ........................................ − − 132 168 246 159 −− −

Ohio ..................................................... 1,759 1,706 1,670 1,694 1,601 2,860 3.1 2.4 −5.3

Oklahoma............................................. 36 26 12 32 40 − 38.5 −2.6 −

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 6,202 5,599 5,659 6,192 6,853 10,242 10.8 −2.5 −5.4

Anthracite.......................................... 174 147 152 149 194 237 18.4 −2.7 −3.4

Bituminous........................................ 6,028 5,452 5,507 6,043 6,659 10,005 10.6 −2.4 −5.5

Tennessee............................................. 390 467 473 511 375 1,676 −16.5 1.0 −14.9

Utah...................................................... 1,922 1,803 1,893 1,675 1,769 2,375 6.6 2.1 −2.3

Virginia ................................................ 5,101 5,098 5,776 6,844 7,092 9,046 * −7.9 −6.2

West Virginia Total............................. 14,329 16,003 16,347 16,956 18,040 23,495 −10.5 −5.6 −5.3

Northern ............................................ 4,551 4,764 5,561 5,997 6,414 8,500 −4.5 −8.2 −6.7

Southern ............................................ 9,778 11,239 10,786 10,959 11,626 14,995 −13.0 −4.2 −4.6

Wyoming ............................................. 105 116 202 256 261 132 −9.5 −20.3 −2.5

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 42,468 43,601 45,898 49,105 50,956 68,199 −2.6 −4.4 −5.1

Interior Total1 ................................... 7,069 7,340 8,453 9,110 10,246 12,275 −3.7 −8.9 −5.9

Western Total1 .................................. 2,950 2,855 3,528 3,347 3,402 4,090 3.3 −3.5 −3.6

East of Miss. River............................ 49,501 50,915 54,339 58,173 61,162 80,429 −2.8 −5.1 −5.3

West of Miss. River........................... 2,986 2,881 3,540 3,389 3,442 4,135 3.6 −3.5 −3.5

U.S. Total............................................ 52,487 53,796 57,879 61,562 64,604 84,564 −2.4 −5.1 −5.2

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

64 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 42. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 914 886 1,253 1,643 1,692 2,351 3.2 −14.3 −10.0

Alaska .................................................. 99 102 102 105 96 93 −2.9 .8 .7

Arizona ................................................ 676 651 831 864 876 984 3.8 −6.3 −4.1

Arkansas .............................................. 2 − 4 5 5 22 − −20.5 −23.4

California ............................................. − − − − − 8 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 439 414 476 657 656 679 6.0 −9.5 −4.7

Illinois .................................................. 568 918 872 996 1,107 2,582 −38.1 −15.4 −15.5

Indiana ................................................. 2,301 2,122 2,086 2,721 2,786 3,706 8.4 −4.7 −5.1

Iowa ..................................................... − − − 20 90 76 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 67 54 54 63 81 268 24.1 −4.6 −14.3

Kentucky Total .................................... 5,990 5,950 6,583 7,531 7,570 10,086 .7 −5.7 −5.6

Eastern .............................................. 5,053 4,855 5,474 5,728 5,683 8,261 4.1 −2.9 −5.3

Western ............................................. 937 1,095 1,109 1,803 1,887 1,825 −14.4 −16.0 −7.1

Louisiana.............................................. 114 111 114 111 99 78 2.7 3.6 4.3

Maryland.............................................. 154 161 165 167 181 242 −4.3 −3.9 −4.9

Missouri ............................................... 51 80 92 116 180 671 −36.3 −27.0 −24.9

Montana ............................................... 708 687 722 705 653 872 3.0 2.0 −2.3

New Mexico ........................................ 1,339 1,347 1,615 1,618 1,516 1,425 −.6 −3.0 −.7

North Dakota ....................................... 657 640 716 645 782 977 2.6 −4.3 −4.3

Ohio ..................................................... 1,365 1,526 1,716 2,289 2,265 4,246 −10.5 −11.9 −11.8

Oklahoma............................................. 233 207 229 221 233 727 12.6 − −11.9

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3,373 3,422 3,309 3,783 4,087 6,331 −1.4 −4.7 −6.8

Anthracite.......................................... 1,113 1,024 917 1,034 930 1,216 8.7 4.6 −1.0

Bituminous........................................ 2,260 2,398 2,392 2,749 3,157 5,115 −5.8 −8.0 −8.7

Tennessee............................................. 317 289 208 158 271 443 9.7 4.0 −3.6

Texas.................................................... 1,363 1,550 1,590 1,733 1,841 3,057 −12.1 −7.2 −8.6

Utah...................................................... − 1 − − − − −100.0 − −

Virginia ................................................ 1,134 1,143 1,143 1,277 1,247 1,650 −.8 −2.3 −4.1

Washington .......................................... 577 589 566 570 567 716 −2.0 .4 −2.4

West Virginia Total............................. 3,916 4,118 4,987 4,905 4,939 5,477 −4.9 −5.6 −3.6

Northern ............................................ 429 515 553 662 860 1,445 −16.7 −15.9 −12.6

Southern ............................................ 3,487 3,603 4,434 4,243 4,079 4,032 −3.2 −3.8 −1.6

Wyoming ............................................. 2,672 2,698 2,940 3,035 2,898 3,035 −1.0 −2.0 −1.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 16,226 16,400 18,255 19,950 20,365 29,001 −1.1 −5.5 −6.2

Interior Total1 ................................... 5,636 6,137 6,150 7,789 8,309 13,012 −8.2 −9.2 −8.9

Western Total1 .................................. 7,167 7,129 7,968 8,199 8,044 8,789 .5 −2.8 −2.2

East of Miss. River............................ 20,032 20,535 22,322 25,470 26,145 37,114 −2.4 −6.4 −6.6

West of Miss. River........................... 8,997 9,131 10,051 10,468 10,573 13,688 −1.5 −3.9 −4.5

U.S. Total............................................ 29,029 29,666 32,373 35,938 36,718 50,802 −2.1 −5.7 −6.0

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 65 
Table 43. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1997

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 3,606 405 306 161 92 275 83 4,928

Alaska ............................................... 99 −−−−−− 99

Arizona ............................................. 648 −−−−− 28 676

Arkansas ........................................... −−−−− 2 − 2

Colorado ........................................... 1,063 84 141 − − 51 23 1,362

Illinois ............................................... 3,678 303 113 15 − 314 189 4,612

Indiana .............................................. 1,900 395 256 71 − 51 39 2,712

Kansas ............................................... −−− 7 60 − − 67

Kentucky Total................................. 4,620 3,437 3,930 2,338 1,303 1,544 1,765 18,937

Eastern ........................................... 2,593 2,886 3,505 2,174 1,248 1,529 1,487 15,422

Western .......................................... 2,027 551 425 164 55 15 278 3,515

Louisiana .......................................... 114 −−−−−− 114

Maryland ........................................... 219 − 94 13 79 20 33 458

Missouri ............................................ − − 23 − 21 7 − 51

Montana ............................................ 700 − 8 −−−− 708

New Mexico ..................................... 1,339 −−−−−− 1,339

North Dakota.................................... 657 −−−−−− 657

Ohio .................................................. 1,677 224 659 175 143 118 128 3,124

Oklahoma ......................................... − − 164 53 52 − − 269

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 3,939 1,337 1,302 808 474 770 945 9,575

Anthracite ...................................... − 11 201 142 172 318 443 1,287

Bituminous ..................................... 3,939 1,326 1,101 666 302 452 502 8,288

Tennessee ......................................... − 72 231 − 208 86 110 707

Texas ................................................. 1,293 − 70 −−−− 1,363

Utah .................................................. 1,492 223 171 −−− 36 1,922

Virginia ............................................. 874 497 1,837 879 766 637 745 6,235

Washington ....................................... 543 −−− 34 − − 577

West Virginia Total ......................... 8,347 2,690 2,467 1,319 666 710 2,046 18,245

Northern ......................................... 3,157 449 434 260 141 166 373 4,980

Southern ......................................... 5,190 2,241 2,033 1,059 525 544 1,673 13,265

Wyoming .......................................... 2,640 60 64 − − 13 − 2,777

Appalachian Total2........................ 21,255 8,111 10,401 5,529 3,676 4,145 5,577 58,694

Interior Total2 ................................ 9,012 1,249 1,051 310 188 389 506 12,705

Western Total2 ............................... 9,181 367 384 − 34 64 87 10,117

East of Miss. River......................... 28,860 9,360 11,195 5,779 3,731 4,525 6,083 69,533

West of Miss. River........................ 10,588 367 641 60 167 73 87 11,983

U.S. Total......................................... 39,448 9,727 11,836 5,839 3,898 4,598 6,170 81,516

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

66 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 44. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine

Production Range, 1997

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 3,438 303 − 36 − 189 48 4,014

Colorado ........................................... 648 84 117 − − 51 23 923

Illinois ............................................... 3,316 195 81 − − 305 147 4,044

Indiana .............................................. 336 − − 61 − − 14 411

Kentucky Total................................. 3,528 2,058 2,416 1,585 1,027 1,037 1,296 12,947

Eastern ........................................... 1,567 1,809 2,356 1,549 991 1,037 1,060 10,369

Western .......................................... 1,961 249 60 36 36 − 236 2,578

Maryland ........................................... 219 − 42 − 10 − 33 304

Ohio .................................................. 1,587 − 116 − 36 − 20 1,759

Oklahoma ......................................... − − 36 −−−− 36

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 3,810 1,002 518 278 69 178 347 6,202

Anthracite ...................................... −−− 36 − 89 49 174

Bituminous ..................................... 3,810 1,002 518 242 69 89 298 6,028

Tennessee ......................................... − − 107 − 176 37 70 390

Utah .................................................. 1,492 223 171 −−− 36 1,922

Virginia ............................................. 874 258 1,433 761 645 508 622 5,101

West Virginia Total ......................... 6,500 2,008 1,928 1,110 559 529 1,695 14,329

Northern ......................................... 3,089 399 343 219 98 71 332 4,551

Southern ......................................... 3,411 1,609 1,585 891 461 458 1,363 9,778

Wyoming .......................................... 105 −−−−−− 105

Appalachian Total2........................ 17,995 5,380 6,500 3,734 2,486 2,478 3,895 42,468

Interior Total2 ................................ 5,613 444 177 97 36 305 397 7,069

Western Total2 ............................... 2,245 307 288 − − 51 59 2,950

East of Miss. River......................... 23,608 5,824 6,641 3,831 2,522 2,783 4,292 49,501

West of Miss. River........................ 2,245 307 324 − − 51 59 2,986

U.S. Total......................................... 25,853 6,131 6,965 3,831 2,522 2,834 4,351 52,487

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 67 
Table 45. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine

Production Range, 1997

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 168 102 306 125 92 86 35 914

Alaska ............................................... 99 −−−−−− 99

Arizona ............................................. 648 −−−−− 28 676

Arkansas ........................................... −−−−− 2 − 2

Colorado ........................................... 415 − 24 −−−− 439

Illinois ............................................... 362 108 32 15 − 9 42 568

Indiana .............................................. 1,564 395 256 10 − 51 25 2,301

Kansas ............................................... −−− 7 60 − − 67

Kentucky Total................................. 1,092 1,379 1,514 753 276 507 469 5,990

Eastern ........................................... 1,026 1,077 1,149 625 257 492 427 5,053

Western .......................................... 66 302 365 128 19 15 42 937

Louisiana .......................................... 114 −−−−−− 114

Maryland ........................................... − − 52 13 69 20 − 154

Missouri ............................................ − − 23 − 21 7 − 51

Montana ............................................ 700 − 8 −−−− 708

New Mexico ..................................... 1,339 −−−−−− 1,339

North Dakota.................................... 657 −−−−−− 657

Ohio .................................................. 90 224 543 175 107 118 108 1,365

Oklahoma ......................................... − − 128 53 52 − − 233

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 129 335 784 530 405 592 598 3,373

Anthracite ...................................... − 11 201 106 172 229 394 1,113

Bituminous ..................................... 129 324 583 424 233 363 204 2,260

Tennessee ......................................... − 72 124 − 32 49 40 317

Texas ................................................. 1,293 − 70 −−−− 1,363

Virginia ............................................. − 239 404 118 121 129 123 1,134

Washington ....................................... 543 −−− 34 − − 577

West Virginia Total ......................... 1,847 682 539 209 107 181 351 3,916

Northern ......................................... 68 50 91 41 43 95 41 429

Southern ......................................... 1,779 632 448 168 64 86 310 3,487

Wyoming .......................................... 2,535 60 64 − − 13 − 2,672

Appalachian Total2........................ 3,260 2,731 3,901 1,795 1,190 1,667 1,682 16,226

Interior Total2 ................................ 3,399 805 874 213 152 84 109 5,636

Western Total2 ............................... 6,936 60 96 − 34 13 28 7,167

East of Miss. River......................... 5,252 3,536 4,554 1,948 1,209 1,742 1,791 20,032

West of Miss. River........................ 8,343 60 317 60 167 22 28 8,997

U.S. Total......................................... 13,595 3,596 4,871 2,008 1,376 1,764 1,819 29,029

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

68 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 3,630 − 3,630 1,298 4,928

Underground .................................. 3,348 − 3,348 666 4,014

Surface ........................................... 282 − 282 632 914

Alaska.................................................. − 99 99 − 99

Surface ........................................... − 99 99 − 99

Arizona ................................................ 676 − 676 − 676

Surface ........................................... 676 − 676 − 676

Arkansas............................................. − − − 2 2

Surface ........................................... − − − 2 2

Colorado ............................................. 249 132 381 981 1,362

Underground .................................. 138 − 138 785 923

Surface ........................................... 111 132 243 196 439

Illinois .................................................. 3,100 419 3,519 1,093 4,612

Underground .................................. 2,636 371 3,007 1,037 4,044

Surface ........................................... 464 48 512 56 568

Indiana ................................................ 1,146 − 1,146 1,566 2,712

Underground .................................. 36 − 36 375 411

Surface ........................................... 1,110 − 1,110 1,191 2,301

Kansas ................................................. 53 − 53 14 67

Surface ........................................... 53 − 53 14 67

Kentucky Total .................................. 2,194 75 2,269 16,668 18,937

Underground .................................. 1,869 75 1,944 11,003 12,947

Surface ........................................... 325 − 325 5,665 5,990

Eastern ............................................. 941 75 1,016 14,406 15,422

Underground .................................. 728 75 803 9,566 10,369

Surface ........................................... 213 − 213 4,840 5,053

Western ............................................ 1,253 − 1,253 2,262 3,515

Underground .................................. 1,141 − 1,141 1,437 2,578

Surface ........................................... 112 − 112 825 937

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 114 114

Surface ........................................... − − − 114 114

Maryland ............................................ − − − 458 458

Underground .................................. − − − 304 304

Surface ........................................... − − − 154 154

Missouri .............................................. − − − 51 51

Surface ........................................... − − − 51 51

Montana.............................................. 407 237 644 64 708

Surface ........................................... 407 237 644 64 708

New Mexico ........................................ 420 711 1,131 208 1,339

Surface ........................................... 420 711 1,131 208 1,339

North Dakota ..................................... 104 141 245 412 657

Surface ........................................... 104 141 245 412 657

Ohio ..................................................... 1,657 − 1,657 1,467 3,124

Underground .................................. 1,512 − 1,512 247 1,759

Surface ........................................... 145 − 145 1,220 1,365

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 269 269

Underground .................................. − − − 36 36

Surface ........................................... − − − 233 233

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 4,596 19 4,615 4,960 9,575

Underground .................................. 3,837 7 3,844 2,358 6,202

Surface ........................................... 759 12 771 2,602 3,373

Anthracite ........................................ 561 13 574 713 1,287

Underground .................................. 2 4 6 168 174

Surface ........................................... 559 9 568 545 1,113

Bituminous ....................................... 4,035 6 4,041 4,247 8,288

Underground .................................. 3,835 3 3,838 2,190 6,028

Surface ........................................... 200 3 203 2,057 2,260

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 707 707

Underground .................................. − − − 390 390

Surface ........................................... − − − 317 317

Texas ................................................... − 908 908 455 1,363

Surface ........................................... − 908 908 455 1,363

Utah ..................................................... 557 − 557 1,365 1,922

Underground .................................. 557 − 557 1,365 1,922

Virginia ............................................... 1,164 136 1,300 4,935 6,235

Underground .................................. 1,145 81 1,226 3,875 5,101

Surface ........................................... 19 55 74 1,060 1,134

Washington......................................... − 543 543 34 577

Surface ........................................... − 543 543 34 577

West Virginia Total........................... 10,258 41 10,299 7,946 18,245

Underground .................................. 8,589 1 8,590 5,739 14,329

Surface ........................................... 1,669 40 1,709 2,207 3,916

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 69 
Table 46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1997 (Continued)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 3,291 − 3,291 1,689 4,980

Underground .................................. 3,291 − 3,291 1,260 4,551

Surface ........................................... − − − 429 429

Southern ........................................... 6,967 41 7,008 6,257 13,265

Underground .................................. 5,298 1 5,299 4,479 9,778

Surface ........................................... 1,669 40 1,709 1,778 3,487

Wyoming............................................. 395 555 950 1,827 2,777

Underground .................................. − − − 105 105

Surface ........................................... 395 555 950 1,722 2,672

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 22,246 271 22,517 36,177 58,694

Underground .................................. 19,159 164 19,323 23,145 42,468

Surface ........................................... 3,087 107 3,194 13,032 16,226

Interior Total1 ................................... 5,552 1,327 6,879 5,826 12,705

Underground .................................. 3,813 371 4,184 2,885 7,069

Surface ........................................... 1,739 956 2,695 2,941 5,636

Western Total1 .................................. 2,808 2,418 5,226 4,891 10,117

Underground .................................. 695 − 695 2,255 2,950

Surface ........................................... 2,113 2,418 4,531 2,636 7,167

East of Miss. River............................ 27,745 690 28,435 41,098 69,533

Underground .................................. 22,972 535 23,507 25,994 49,501

Surface ........................................... 4,773 155 4,928 15,104 20,032

West of Miss. River........................... 2,861 3,326 6,187 5,796 11,983

Underground .................................. 695 − 695 2,291 2,986

Surface ........................................... 2,166 3,326 5,492 3,505 8,997

U.S. Total............................................ 30,606 4,016 34,622 46,894 81,516

Underground ..................................... 23,667 535 24,202 28,285 52,487

Surface .............................................. 6,939 3,481 10,420 18,609 29,029

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with

less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 47. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1988, 1993-1997

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Injury Type 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

 R RRR Injuries Total1 ........................... 5,549 6,148 7,377 8,745 8,422 12,488 −9.7 −9.9 −8.6 R Fatal........................................ 30 39 47 45 47 53 −23.1 −10.6 −6.1 R RRR Nonfatal2 ................................ 5,519 6,109 7,330 8,701 8,375 12,435 −9.7 −9.9 −8.6

Injuries per 200,000

 R RRR Employee-Hours Total........... 5.17 5.66 6.62 7.28 7.25 8.68 −8.6 −8.1 −5.6 R Fatal........................................ .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 −25.0 −6.9 −3.1 R RRR Nonfatal2 ................................ 5.14 5.62 6.58 7.24 7.21 8.64 −8.5 −8.1 −5.6

1 Includes contractors.

2 Includes only non-fatal injuries that resulted in absence from work. R Revised.

 Note: Calculations of growth rate are based using unrounded values.

 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Mine Injuries and Worktime, Quarterly, various issues.

70 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Figure 6. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1988-1997

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Thousands

6.1

7.4

8.7 8.4

10.1

11.4

12.3 12.0

12.5

5.5

Figure 7. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1988-1997

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

39

47 45 47

54

61

66 68

53

30

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 71 
Table 48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 2.39 2.20 2.24 2.25 2.35 2.03 8.4 0.3 1.8

Alaska .................................................. 6.41 6.81 7.46 6.94 7.40 8.11 −5.8 −3.5 −2.6

Arizona ................................................ 6.79 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.45 7.7 2.3 .6

Arkansas .............................................. 1.94 − 1.47 1.52 1.39 7.67 − 8.8 −14.1

California ............................................. − − − − − 14.93 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 7.68 7.32 6.14 6.20 5.85 3.94 4.9 7.1 7.7

Illinois .................................................. 4.20 4.18 3.87 3.59 3.23 2.67 .3 6.8 5.1

Indiana ................................................. 5.33 4.98 4.68 4.28 4.46 3.52 7.0 4.6 4.7

Iowa ..................................................... − − − 1.52 .72 1.55 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 3.82 2.17 2.22 1.93 2.30 1.46 76.3 13.5 11.3

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.94 3.80 3.57 3.25 3.25 2.74 3.6 5.0 4.1

Eastern .............................................. 3.83 3.68 3.47 3.24 3.18 2.68 4.2 4.8 4.1

Western ............................................. 4.38 4.29 3.97 3.28 3.49 2.95 2.0 5.8 4.5

Louisiana.............................................. 10.94 10.86 13.25 13.00 12.14 16.01 .7 −2.6 −4.1

Maryland.............................................. 3.93 4.13 3.82 3.68 3.41 3.04 −4.8 3.6 2.9

Missouri ............................................... 3.19 3.49 2.55 3.59 1.84 2.68 −8.5 14.7 1.9

Montana ............................................... 23.56 21.88 21.06 21.92 19.49 19.56 7.6 4.8 2.1

New Mexico ........................................ 9.37 8.45 6.92 6.77 6.68 6.47 11.0 8.8 4.2

North Dakota ....................................... 17.82 17.20 16.80 18.84 17.66 15.63 3.6 .2 1.5

Ohio ..................................................... 4.02 3.95 3.62 3.42 3.46 2.39 1.6 3.8 5.9

Oklahoma............................................. 2.51 2.61 2.97 2.68 2.80 2.10 −3.7 −2.7 2.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3.63 3.36 3.23 2.98 2.80 2.11 7.9 6.7 6.2

Anthracite.......................................... 1.76 1.92 2.08 1.93 1.85 1.21 −8.1 −1.2 4.2

Bituminous........................................ 3.89 3.56 3.37 3.11 2.91 2.18 9.3 7.5 6.6

Tennessee............................................. 2.37 2.20 2.36 2.23 2.47 1.57 7.8 −1.0 4.6

Texas.................................................... 10.24 10.13 9.10 8.82 8.42 6.52 1.1 5.0 5.1

Utah...................................................... 6.34 7.23 7.02 6.59 5.96 4.16 −12.3 1.5 4.8

Virginia ................................................ 2.77 2.72 2.50 2.51 2.41 2.31 2.0 3.6 2.0

Washington .......................................... 3.59 3.97 4.04 4.11 4.00 3.57 −9.6 −2.6 *

West Virginia Total............................. 4.46 3.91 3.74 3.69 3.27 2.68 14.1 8.0 5.8

Northern ............................................ 4.48 4.05 3.72 3.63 2.98 2.65 10.5 10.7 6.0

Southern ............................................ 4.46 3.86 3.75 3.72 3.39 2.69 15.5 7.1 5.7

Wyoming ............................................. 34.55 32.06 30.06 26.05 24.46 18.80 7.8 9.0 7.0

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.76 3.48 3.32 3.20 3.00 2.44 8.0 5.8 4.9

Interior Total1 ................................... 5.54 5.39 4.97 4.43 4.43 3.45 2.8 5.8 5.4

Western Total1 .................................. 17.75 17.41 15.68 14.58 13.53 11.01 1.9 7.0 5.4

East of Miss. River............................ 3.89 3.63 3.45 3.28 3.11 2.54 7.1 5.8 4.9

West of Miss. River........................... 16.04 15.66 14.18 13.22 12.14 9.38 2.4 7.2 6.1

U.S. Total............................................ 6.04 5.69 5.38 4.98 4.70 3.55 6.1 6.5 6.1

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

74 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 2.21 1.95 2.02 1.94 2.09 1.76 13.3 1.4 2.5

Arkansas .............................................. − − − 1.62 − −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 7.44 6.67 5.86 5.81 5.21 2.59 11.6 9.3 12.4

Illinois .................................................. 4.07 4.10 3.86 3.49 3.11 2.43 −.8 6.9 5.9

Indiana ................................................. 3.74 3.09 3.22 2.82 2.49 2.28 21.2 10.7 5.7

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.64 3.53 3.25 2.89 2.93 2.53 3.0 5.5 4.1

Eastern .............................................. 3.47 3.37 3.12 2.87 2.89 2.42 2.9 4.7 4.1

Western ............................................. 4.15 4.05 3.70 2.96 3.10 2.86 2.5 7.5 4.2

Maryland.............................................. 5.17 4.82 4.77 4.52 4.34 3.43 7.2 4.5 4.6

Montana ............................................... − 3.50 − − 1.06 − −100.0 − −

New Mexico ........................................ − − 2.68 2.57 1.63 2.14 −− −

Ohio ..................................................... 4.18 4.19 3.81 3.51 3.27 1.95 −.1 6.3 8.8

Oklahoma............................................. 2.32 1.75 .74 1.70 1.03 − 32.7 22.5 −

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 4.05 3.74 3.49 3.18 2.91 1.97 8.2 8.6 8.3

Anthracite.......................................... 1.03 .94 .86 .64 .74 .86 9.6 8.7 2.0

Bituminous........................................ 4.13 3.81 3.56 3.25 2.98 1.99 8.3 8.5 8.4

Tennessee............................................. 1.83 1.76 2.02 1.90 2.34 1.45 4.0 −6.0 2.6

Utah...................................................... 6.34 7.24 7.02 6.59 5.96 4.16 −12.4 1.5 4.8

Virginia ................................................ 2.56 2.44 2.25 2.27 2.19 2.28 4.8 3.9 1.3

West Virginia Total............................. 4.03 3.50 3.40 3.38 2.92 2.49 15.1 8.3 5.5

Northern ............................................ 4.35 3.98 3.66 3.61 2.84 2.55 9.4 11.2 6.1

Southern ............................................ 3.90 3.29 3.27 3.25 2.96 2.44 18.4 7.1 5.3

Wyoming ............................................. 10.13 9.18 5.97 5.07 3.56 3.72 10.4 29.8 11.8

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.55 3.24 3.08 2.96 2.75 2.27 9.3 6.5 5.1

Interior Total1 ................................... 4.07 4.01 3.76 3.26 3.06 2.57 1.5 7.4 5.2

Western Total1 .................................. 6.88 7.09 6.35 5.98 5.23 3.55 −3.0 7.1 7.6

East of Miss. River............................ 3.63 3.36 3.19 3.02 2.81 2.32 7.8 6.6 5.1

West of Miss. River........................... 6.82 7.03 6.32 5.93 5.18 3.55 −3.0 7.1 7.5

U.S. Total............................................ 3.83 3.57 3.39 3.19 2.95 2.38 7.2 6.7 5.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees engaged in production,

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 75 
Table 50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 3.21 3.50 3.07 3.07 3.01 2.52 −8.5 1.6 2.7

Alaska .................................................. 6.41 6.81 7.46 6.94 7.40 8.11 −5.8 −3.5 −2.6

Arizona ................................................ 6.79 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.45 7.7 2.3 .6

Arkansas .............................................. 1.94 − 1.47 1.46 1.39 7.67 − 8.8 −14.1

California ............................................. − − − − − 14.93 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 8.17 8.76 6.79 7.06 7.07 6.51 −6.7 3.7 2.6

Illinois .................................................. 5.11 4.67 3.89 4.12 3.86 3.32 9.3 7.2 4.9

Indiana ................................................. 5.59 5.34 5.04 4.56 4.82 3.68 4.6 3.8 4.7

Iowa ..................................................... − − − 1.52 .72 1.56 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 3.82 2.17 2.22 1.93 2.30 1.46 76.3 13.5 11.3

Kentucky Total .................................... 4.57 4.35 4.23 3.96 3.84 3.14 4.8 4.4 4.3

Eastern .............................................. 4.47 4.23 4.13 3.97 3.74 3.14 5.5 4.5 4.0

Western ............................................. 5.26 5.02 4.77 3.93 4.14 3.13 4.8 6.1 5.9

Louisiana.............................................. 10.94 10.86 13.25 13.00 12.14 16.01 .7 −2.6 −4.1

Maryland.............................................. 2.02 2.56 2.16 2.18 2.07 2.56 −21.0 −.6 −2.6

Missouri ............................................... 3.19 3.49 2.55 3.59 1.84 2.68 −8.5 14.7 1.9

Montana ............................................... 23.56 22.34 21.06 21.92 19.59 19.56 5.4 4.7 2.1

New Mexico ........................................ 9.37 8.45 7.19 7.18 7.26 6.61 11.0 6.6 3.9

North Dakota ....................................... 17.82 17.20 16.80 18.84 17.66 15.63 3.6 .2 1.5

Ohio ..................................................... 3.81 3.69 3.46 3.34 3.58 2.70 3.2 1.5 3.9

Oklahoma............................................. 2.55 2.73 3.10 2.80 3.12 2.10 −6.7 −5.0 2.2

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 2.86 2.72 2.79 2.67 2.63 2.32 5.0 2.0 2.3

Anthracite.......................................... 1.87 2.06 2.30 2.13 2.09 1.28 −9.1 −2.6 4.3

Bituminous........................................ 3.28 2.97 2.95 2.84 2.78 2.53 10.2 4.2 2.9

Tennessee............................................. 3.02 2.91 3.20 3.19 2.71 2.00 3.9 2.7 4.7

Texas.................................................... 10.24 10.13 9.10 8.82 8.42 6.52 1.1 5.0 5.1

Virginia ................................................ 3.69 3.79 3.73 3.73 3.55 2.49 −2.6 1.0 4.5

Washington .......................................... 3.59 3.97 4.04 4.11 4.00 3.57 −9.6 −2.6 *

West Virginia Total............................. 5.71 5.18 4.74 4.62 4.35 3.53 10.2 7.1 5.5

Northern ............................................ 5.54 4.72 4.31 3.78 3.70 3.33 17.4 10.6 5.8

Southern ............................................ 5.73 5.24 4.79 4.75 4.49 3.59 9.3 6.3 5.3

Wyoming ............................................. 35.42 32.84 31.02 27.37 26.03 19.34 7.8 8.0 6.9

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4.26 4.05 3.88 3.72 3.55 2.84 5.2 4.6 4.6

Interior Total1 ................................... 7.11 6.89 6.39 5.71 5.71 4.20 3.2 5.6 6.0

Western Total1 .................................. 21.78 20.96 18.93 17.68 16.49 13.70 3.9 7.2 5.3

East of Miss. River............................ 4.49 4.25 4.03 3.85 3.74 2.99 5.5 4.7 4.6

West of Miss. River........................... 18.63 17.89 16.23 15.19 13.94 10.73 4.1 7.5 6.3

U.S. Total............................................ 9.46 9.05 8.48 7.67 7.23 5.32 4.5 6.9 6.6

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees engaged in production,

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

76 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1997

 Number of Average Number Average Production Average Production Coal-Producing Mining of Miners per Miner per Hour per Miner per Shift State and Region Operations1 Working Daily2 (short tons)3 (short tons)4

Alabama ........................................ 57 4,928 2.39 20.34

Underground ............................ 16 4,014 2.21 18.56

Surface ..................................... 41 914 3.21 27.45

Alaska ........................................... 1 99 6.41 57.73

Surface ..................................... 1 99 6.41 57.73

Arizona ......................................... 3 676 6.79 58.43

Surface ..................................... 3 676 6.79 58.43

Arkansas ....................................... 1 2 1.94 18.11

Surface ..................................... 1 2 1.94 18.11

Colorado ....................................... 17 1,362 7.68 68.73

Underground ............................ 13 923 7.44 66.66

Surface ..................................... 4 439 8.17 72.81

Illinois ........................................... 32 4,612 4.20 35.98

Underground ............................ 23 4,044 4.07 34.45

Surface ..................................... 9 568 5.11 45.04

Indiana .......................................... 42 2,712 5.33 49.39

Underground ............................ 5 411 3.74 32.37

Surface ..................................... 37 2,301 5.59 52.28

Kansas ........................................... 3 67 3.82 40.62

Surface ..................................... 3 67 3.82 40.62

Kentucky Total............................ 619 18,937 3.94 36.33

Underground ............................ 367 12,947 3.64 32.33

Surface ..................................... 252 5,990 4.57 44.24

Eastern ....................................... 563 15,422 3.83 35.39

Underground ............................ 338 10,369 3.47 30.84

Surface ..................................... 225 5,053 4.47 43.64

Western ...................................... 56 3,515 4.38 39.50

Underground ............................ 29 2,578 4.15 37.49

Surface ..................................... 27 937 5.26 47.43

Louisiana ...................................... 2 114 10.94 98.48

Surface ..................................... 2 114 10.94 98.48

Maryland ...................................... 16 458 3.93 34.96

Underground ............................ 4 304 5.17 40.16

Surface ..................................... 12 154 2.02 18.77

Missouri ........................................ 3 51 3.19 29.83

Surface ..................................... 3 51 3.19 29.83

Montana ........................................ 7 708 23.56 200.97

Surface ..................................... 7 708 23.56 200.97

New Mexico.................................. 6 1,339 9.37 72.92

Surface ..................................... 6 1,339 9.37 72.92

North Dakota ............................... 5 657 17.82 148.76

Surface ..................................... 5 657 17.82 148.76

Ohio ............................................... 85 3,124 4.02 37.97

Underground ............................ 14 1,759 4.18 37.59

Surface ..................................... 71 1,365 3.81 36.35

Oklahoma ..................................... 9 269 2.51 23.29

Underground ............................ 1 36 2.32 20.92

Surface ..................................... 8 233 2.55 23.67

Pennsylvania Total...................... 364 9,575 3.63 31.27

Underground ............................ 98 6,202 4.05 33.46

Surface ..................................... 266 3,373 2.86 24.98

Anthracite .................................. 103 1,287 1.76 13.95

Underground ............................ 24 174 1.03 7.79

Surface ..................................... 79 1,113 1.87 15.04

Bituminous ................................ 261 8,288 3.89 34.55

Underground ............................ 74 6,028 4.13 35.00

Surface ..................................... 187 2,260 3.28 29.65

Tennessee ...................................... 37 707 2.37 22.09

Underground ............................ 20 390 1.83 16.48

Surface ..................................... 17 317 3.02 29.29

Texas ............................................. 12 1,363 10.24 108.41

Surface ..................................... 12 1,363 10.24 108.41

Utah ............................................... 14 1,922 6.34 54.67

Underground ............................ 14 1,922 6.34 54.67

Virginia ......................................... 225 6,235 2.77 24.78

Underground ............................ 166 5,101 2.56 22.36

Surface ..................................... 59 1,134 3.69 35.14

Washington .................................. 3 577 3.59 29.32

Surface ..................................... 3 577 3.59 29.32

West Virginia Total .................... 428 18,245 4.46 39.17

Underground ............................ 291 14,329 4.03 34.23

Surface ..................................... 137 3,916 5.71 53.57

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 77 
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1997 (Continued)

 Number of Average Number Average Production Average Production Coal-Producing Mining of Miners per Miner per Hour per Miner per Shift State and Region Operations1 Working Daily2 (short tons)3 (short tons)4

Northern .................................... 93 4,980 4.48 39.32

Underground ............................ 56 4,551 4.35 37.12

Surface ..................................... 37 429 5.54 50.67

Southern .................................... 335 13,265 4.46 39.12

Underground ............................ 235 9,778 3.90 33.06

Surface ..................................... 100 3,487 5.73 54.25

Wyoming ...................................... 25 2,777 34.55 358.14

Underground ............................ 1 105 10.13 111.48

Surface ..................................... 24 2,672 35.42 366.22

Appalachian Total5..................... 1,775 58,694 3.76 33.65

Underground ............................ 947 42,468 3.55 30.73

Surface ..................................... 828 16,226 4.26 39.52

Interior Total5 ............................. 160 12,705 5.54 50.77

Underground ............................ 58 7,069 4.07 35.73

Surface ..................................... 102 5,636 7.11 66.78

Western Total5 ............................ 81 10,117 17.75 162.01

Underground ............................ 28 2,950 6.88 60.96

Surface ..................................... 53 7,167 21.78 201.89

East of Miss. River...................... 1,905 69,533 3.89 34.85

Underground ............................ 1,004 49,501 3.63 31.46

Surface ..................................... 901 20,032 4.49 41.56

West of Miss. River..................... 111 11,983 16.04 149.89

Underground ............................ 29 2,986 6.82 60.46

Surface ..................................... 82 8,997 18.63 177.21

U.S. Total...................................... 2,016 81,516 6.04 54.16

Underground ......................... 1,033 52,487 3.83 33.24

Surface .................................. 983 29,029 9.46 87.83

1 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, or a preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal will be

counted as two operations.

2 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering employees.

3 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers.

4 Calculated by multiplying average production per miner per hour by the average length of a miner shift.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than

10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

78 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine

Type, 1988, 1993-1997

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama.............................................. 269 267 260 240 250 254 0.5 1.8 0.6

Underground .................................. 270 268 259 246 249 237 .7 2.1 1.4

Surface ........................................... 264 265 262 231 253 274 −.4 1.1 −.4

Alaska.................................................. 254 239 251 246 250 260 6.3 .4 −.3

Surface ........................................... 254 239 251 246 250 260 6.3 .4 −.3

Arizona................................................ 299 281 211 217 211 216 6.4 9.1 3.6

Surface ........................................... 299 281 211 217 211 216 6.4 9.1 3.6

Arkansas............................................. 278 − 240 176 240 123 − 3.7 9.5

Underground .................................. − − − 85 − −− − −

Surface ........................................... 278 − 240 240 240 123 − 3.7 9.5

California............................................ − − − − − 56 −− −

Surface ........................................... − − − − − 56 −− −

Colorado ............................................. 320 316 287 258 243 265 1.2 7.1 2.1

Underground .................................. 330 325 287 288 282 246 1.5 4.0 3.3

Surface ........................................... 301 301 286 204 188 280 .1 12.4 .8

Illinois.................................................. 276 276 260 253 220 242 .2 5.8 1.5

Underground .................................. 272 277 264 257 222 249 −1.8 5.2 1.0

Surface ........................................... 299 270 233 231 212 228 10.9 9.0 3.1

Indiana ................................................ 284 276 266 274 254 237 2.9 2.8 2.0

Underground .................................. 283 279 277 285 246 252 1.6 3.6 1.3

Surface ........................................... 284 276 264 272 255 236 3.1 2.8 2.1

Iowa..................................................... − − − 150 260 222 −− −

Surface ........................................... − − − 150 260 222 −− −

Kansas................................................. 231 246 265 269 259 174 −6.1 −2.8 3.2

Surface ........................................... 231 246 265 269 259 174 −6.1 −2.8 3.2

Kentucky Total .................................. 255 261 254 261 255 241 −2.1 * .6

Underground .................................. 251 257 252 257 247 241 −2.5 .4 .4

Surface ........................................... 262 266 258 268 267 239 −1.6 −.4 1.0

Eastern ............................................. 249 258 250 257 253 232 −3.4 −.4 .8

Underground .................................. 240 249 246 249 244 229 −3.6 −.4 .5

Surface ........................................... 262 271 254 268 266 237 −3.3 −.4 1.1

Western............................................ 276 270 269 276 263 264 2.2 1.3 .5

Underground .................................. 279 279 267 283 256 273 * 2.2 .3

Surface ........................................... 265 247 276 266 270 247 7.3 −.5 .8

Louisiana ............................................ 314 305 299 290 293 275 2.8 1.7 1.5

Surface ........................................... 314 305 299 290 293 275 2.8 1.7 1.5

Maryland ............................................ 254 261 237 237 249 234 −2.8 .5 .9

Underground .................................. 248 271 241 236 249 240 −8.6 −.1 .3

Surface ........................................... 279 219 223 243 250 224 27.1 2.7 2.5

Missouri .............................................. 275 290 278 263 181 232 −4.9 11.1 1.9

Surface ........................................... 275 290 278 263 181 232 −4.9 11.1 1.9

Montana.............................................. 330 322 341 341 341 301 2.5 −.8 1.0

Underground .................................. − 223 − − 158 − −100.0 − −

Surface ........................................... 330 323 341 341 341 301 2.4 −.8 1.0

New Mexico ........................................ 279 275 282 283 297 252 1.7 −1.6 1.1

Underground .................................. − − 241 241 241 62 −− −

Surface ........................................... 279 275 283 284 299 254 1.7 −1.7 1.0

North Dakota ..................................... 294 314 289 303 307 249 −6.3 −1.0 1.8

Surface ........................................... 294 314 289 303 307 249 −6.3 −1.0 1.8

Ohio..................................................... 277 264 242 257 266 244 4.8 1.0 1.4

Underground .................................. 292 271 239 265 266 250 7.7 2.3 1.7

Surface ........................................... 255 254 245 251 266 241 .2 −1.0 .6

Oklahoma ........................................... 268 296 296 305 294 226 −9.4 −2.3 1.9

Underground .................................. 310 308 309 310 300 − .6 .8 −

Surface ........................................... 262 295 296 305 293 226 −11.3 −2.8 1.6

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 269 268 262 257 246 244 .4 2.3 1.1

Underground .................................. 276 272 266 256 238 239 1.3 3.7 1.6

Surface ........................................... 253 259 253 259 258 251 −2.5 −.5 .1

Anthracite ........................................ 233 269 253 264 247 222 −13.1 −1.4 .6

Underground .................................. 258 266 256 264 263 204 −3.2 −.5 2.6

Surface ........................................... 231 269 252 264 246 224 −13.9 −1.5 .4

Bituminous....................................... 272 268 263 256 246 245 1.2 2.5 1.1

Underground .................................. 276 272 266 256 238 239 1.3 3.8 1.6

Surface ........................................... 258 257 253 258 261 253 .5 −.3 .2

Tennessee ............................................ 227 243 236 230 223 231 −6.5 .4 −.2

Underground .................................. 229 254 245 233 254 231 −10.0 −2.6 −.1

Surface ........................................... 225 231 221 223 173 232 −2.5 6.8 −.3

Texas ................................................... 353 349 345 346 350 274 1.3 .2 2.8

Surface ........................................... 353 349 345 346 350 274 1.3 .2 2.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 79 
Table 52. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by State and Mine

Type, 1988, 1993-1997 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Utah..................................................... 265 251 241 257 249 242 5.7 1.5 1.0

Underground .................................. 265 251 241 257 249 242 5.7 1.5 1.0

Virginia ............................................... 267 260 254 245 246 240 2.7 2.1 1.2

Underground .................................. 269 258 254 243 245 239 4.5 2.4 1.3

Surface ........................................... 260 266 255 251 247 244 −2.2 1.2 .7

Washington......................................... 261 231 262 263 252 255 12.7 .9 .3

Surface ........................................... 261 231 262 263 252 255 12.7 .9 .3

West Virginia Total........................... 272 272 255 252 227 236 −.3 4.6 1.5

Underground .................................. 261 257 244 244 217 237 1.7 4.8 1.1

Surface ........................................... 294 306 278 270 248 235 −3.9 4.4 2.5

Northern .......................................... 255 263 242 246 194 241 −3.1 7.2 .6

Underground .................................. 249 261 237 242 175 243 −4.4 9.3 .3

Surface ........................................... 297 284 283 278 271 229 4.4 2.3 2.9

Southern........................................... 277 276 260 255 238 234 .5 3.8 1.9

Underground .................................. 267 255 248 246 235 233 4.7 3.1 1.5

Surface ........................................... 293 308 277 268 243 237 −4.8 4.8 2.4

Wyoming............................................. 352 351 352 341 345 329 .3 .5 .8

Underground .................................. 290 248 245 243 258 205 16.9 3.0 3.9

Surface ........................................... 353 352 353 342 346 330 .2 .5 .7

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 265 266 254 253 243 238 −.4 2.1 1.2

Underground .................................. 261 259 249 248 235 236 .9 2.7 1.1

Surface ........................................... 271 279 261 262 257 243 −2.8 1.3 1.2

Interior Total1 ................................... 302 299 291 290 280 254 1.3 2.0 1.9

Underground .................................. 276 278 266 267 236 258 −.8 4.0 .7

Surface ........................................... 319 312 308 304 302 252 2.2 1.4 2.6

Western Total1 .................................. 332 330 326 319 320 298 .6 1.0 1.2

Underground .................................. 291 276 259 267 261 240 5.5 2.8 2.1

Surface ........................................... 337 337 334 325 327 303 .1 .8 1.2

East of Miss. River............................ 267 267 256 256 243 240 * 2.4 1.2

Underground .................................. 264 262 253 252 235 240 .5 2.9 1.0

Surface ........................................... 274 277 261 262 256 241 −1.0 1.7 1.4

West of Miss. River........................... 334 332 328 321 323 293 .6 .8 1.5

Underground .................................. 291 276 259 267 261 240 5.5 2.8 2.1

Surface ........................................... 339 338 335 327 329 297 .2 .7 1.5

U.S. Total............................................ 299 298 290 285 280 261 .3 1.7 1.5

Underground .................................. 267 264 253 253 238 240 1.1 2.9 1.2

Surface ........................................... 319 319 313 305 304 275 −.1 1.2 1.6

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Weighted average number of days worked is calculated by multiplying average days worked for each mine times its production and then summing these products over all mines in the region/State and then dividing the sum by the total production for the region/State. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

80 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 53. Weighted Average Number of Days Worked by Mine Production Range, 1997

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ......................................... 271 281 286 228 209 170 269

Alaska ............................................ 254 − − −−− 254

Arizona .......................................... 299 − − −−− 299

Arkansas ........................................ − − − −− 278 278

Colorado ........................................ 326 280 247 − − 69 320

Illinois ............................................ 276 304 205 168 − 54 276

Indiana ........................................... 290 282 249 287 − 36 284

Kansas ............................................ −−− 312 158 − 231

Kentucky Total.............................. 276 278 232 205 165 131 255

Eastern ........................................ 273 270 235 210 167 130 249

Western ....................................... 280 314 192 136 105 144 276

Louisiana ....................................... 314 − − −−− 314

Maryland ........................................ 247 − 293 220 259 258 254

Missouri ......................................... − − 307 − 229 81 275

Montana ......................................... 331 − 248 −−− 330

New Mexico.................................. 279 − − −−− 279

North Dakota................................. 294 − − −−− 294

Ohio ............................................... 297 260 247 258 208 177 276

Oklahoma ...................................... − − 284 251 227 − 268

Pennsylvania Total........................ 281 257 269 244 243 207 269

Anthracite ................................... − 263 231 249 227 209 233

Bituminous ................................. 281 256 273 243 249 207 272

Tennessee ...................................... − 243 235 − 211 150 227

Texas .............................................. 354 − 290 −−− 353

Utah ............................................... 264 286 252 −−− 265

Virginia .......................................... 295 286 271 246 211 153 267

Washington .................................... 261 −−− 252 − 261

West Virginia Total ...................... 292 258 240 202 202 146 272

Northern ...................................... 267 220 228 220 203 179 255

Southern ...................................... 303 263 242 195 201 133 277

Wyoming ....................................... 354 251 55 − − 239 352

Appalachian Total2..................... 285 266 248 223 204 164 265

Interior Total2 ............................. 309 299 236 218 167 90 302

Western Total2 ............................ 334 267 229 − 252 122 332

East of Miss. River...................... 284 271 247 222 202 163 267

West of Miss. River..................... 336 267 258 266 204 124 334

U.S. Total...................................... 315 271 247 222 203 162 299

1 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Weighted average number of days worked is calculated by multiplying average days worked for each mine times its production and then summing these products over all mines in the region/State and then dividing the sum by the total production for the region/State. Excludes silt, culm refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 81 
Table 54. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1997

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... 1.83 − 2.33 1.75 2.21

Colorado .............................................. 4.32 − 8.93 − 7.44

Illinois .................................................. 3.98 3.91 4.24 − 4.07

Indiana ................................................. 3.74 − − − 3.74

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.66 2.75 4.70 2.12 3.64

Eastern .............................................. 3.56 2.68 4.76 2.12 3.47

Western ............................................. 3.98 3.38 4.75 − 4.15

Maryland .............................................. 3.61 − 5.46 − 5.17

Ohio ..................................................... 4.40 − 4.15 − 4.18

Oklahoma............................................. 2.32 − − − 2.32

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 2.64 2.00 4.96 .76 4.05

Anthracite .......................................... 1.24 .90 − .76 1.03

Bituminous........................................ 2.68 2.38 4.96 − 4.13

Tennessee ............................................. 2.06 1.05 − − 1.83

Utah...................................................... 3.20 1.75 8.30 − 6.34

Virginia ................................................ 2.20 2.33 3.94 − 2.56

West Virginia Total............................. 3.74 3.00 4.69 3.28 4.03

Northern ............................................ 3.33 3.58 4.80 3.28 4.35

Southern ............................................ 3.80 2.79 4.57 − 3.90

Wyoming ............................................. − − 10.10 − 10.10

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 3.36 2.64 4.09 1.87 3.55

Interior Total5 ................................... 3.95 3.39 4.42 − 4.07

Western Total5 .................................. 3.64 1.75 8.63 − 6.88

East of Miss. River............................ 3.48 2.67 4.13 1.87 3.63

West of Miss. River........................... 3.58 1.75 8.63 − 6.82

U.S. Total............................................ 3.49 2.64 4.62 1.87 3.83

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across the mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand

alone mines. Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production,

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these

data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

82 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 55. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1997

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Underground Coalbed Thickness Surface Total (inches) Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4

< 7......................................... − − − − 3.06 3.06

7-12 ......................................... − − − − 4.78 4.78

13-18 ....................................... − − − − 5.36 5.36

19-24 ....................................... 1.68 2.10 − 2.11 5.43 5.36

25-30 ....................................... 2.47 2.66 − 2.85 4.84 4.48

31-36 ....................................... 3.20 3.02 − 1.69 5.03 4.24

37-42 ....................................... 3.27 2.40 − − 5.13 4.26

43-48 ....................................... 3.45 2.77 3.59 − 6.07 4.80

49-54 ....................................... 4.01 3.02 3.18 1.78 6.73 4.95

55-60 ....................................... 4.31 2.94 4.18 1.14 5.97 4.92

61-66 ....................................... 3.56 1.30 5.14 − 6.05 5.04

67-72 ....................................... 5.00 2.59 4.34 4.31 6.75 5.37

73-78 ....................................... 3.93 − 4.26 − 6.76 4.77

79-84 ....................................... 5.38 − 5.08 − 7.85 6.15

85-90 ....................................... 5.13 − 5.38 − 7.94 6.66

91-96 ....................................... 5.21 − 5.03 1.06 6.49 5.51

97-102 ..................................... 6.92 − − − 7.34 7.31

103-108 ................................... 4.60 − 6.24 − 7.75 7.03

109-114 ................................... 5.18 − 7.69 − 7.70 7.65

115-120 ................................... 6.45 − 5.82 − 5.19 5.43

> 120................................... 5.22 1.64 9.95 − 20.00 18.53

U.S. Total5 ............................. 3.49 2.64 4.62 1.87 9.46 6.04

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 83 
Table 56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1997

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama.............................................. 2.29 2.79 3.26 2.65 3.18 2.76 2.39

Underground .................................. 2.25 2.33 − 1.19 − 1.39 2.21

Surface ........................................... 3.19 3.88 3.26 3.28 3.18 3.03 3.21

Alaska.................................................. 6.41 − − − − − 6.41

Surface ........................................... 6.41 − − − − − 6.41

Arizona................................................ 7.04 − − − − − 6.79

Surface ........................................... 7.04 − − − − − 6.79

Arkansas............................................. − − − − − 1.94 1.94

Surface ........................................... − − − − − 1.94 1.94

Colorado ............................................. 8.45 4.04 4.03 − − 3.22 7.68

Underground .................................. 8.63 4.04 3.29 − − 3.22 7.44

Surface ........................................... 8.16 − 8.33 −−− 8.17

Illinois.................................................. 4.43 4.29 4.69 6.47 − .88 4.20

Underground .................................. 4.29 4.08 3.90 − − .44 4.07

Surface ........................................... 6.04 4.52 5.25 6.47 − 8.17 5.11

Indiana ................................................ 5.38 6.45 4.78 3.53 − .78 5.33

Underground .................................. 4.05 − − 2.82 − − 3.74

Surface ........................................... 5.66 6.45 4.78 6.21 − .78 5.59

Kansas ................................................. −−− 7.36 2.67 − 3.82

Surface ........................................... −−− 7.36 2.67 − 3.82

Kentucky Total .................................. 5.27 4.74 4.07 3.20 3.10 2.27 3.94

Underground .................................. 4.98 4.38 3.70 3.10 2.70 1.88 3.64

Surface ........................................... 6.08 5.23 4.68 3.39 4.66 3.30 4.57

Eastern ............................................. 5.64 4.74 3.99 3.17 3.08 2.24 3.83

Underground .................................. 5.41 4.38 3.68 3.14 2.70 1.88 3.47

Surface ........................................... 5.93 5.26 4.57 3.25 4.65 3.25 4.47

Western............................................ 4.79 4.76 5.27 3.77 3.88 4.10 4.38

Underground .................................. 4.65 4.33 4.75 2.04 2.92 − 4.15

Surface ........................................... 8.54 5.11 5.42 4.84 4.80 4.10 5.26

Louisiana ............................................ 10.94 − − − − − 10.94

Surface ........................................... 10.94 − − − − − 10.94

Maryland ............................................ 6.13 − 2.28 4.06 2.11 2.92 3.93

Underground .................................. 6.13 − 3.70 − 5.25 − 5.17

Surface ........................................... − − 1.54 4.06 1.90 2.92 2.02

Missouri .............................................. − − 4.10 − 1.56 5.31 3.19

Surface ........................................... − − 4.10 − 1.56 5.31 3.19

Montana .............................................. 23.64 − 14.58 −−− 23.56

Surface ........................................... 23.64 − 14.58 −−− 23.56

New Mexico ........................................ 9.37 − − − − − 9.37

Surface ........................................... 9.37 − − − − − 9.37

North Dakota ..................................... 17.82 − − − − − 17.82

Surface ........................................... 17.82 − − − − − 17.82

Ohio..................................................... 4.25 5.31 3.96 3.95 3.30 2.50 4.02

Underground .................................. 4.24 − 4.23 − 4.10 − 4.18

Surface ........................................... 4.36 5.31 3.93 3.95 3.22 2.50 3.81

Oklahoma ........................................... − − 2.26 4.15 1.57 − 2.51

Underground .................................. − − 2.32 −−− 2.32

Surface ........................................... − − 2.24 4.15 1.57 − 2.55

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 5.03 2.42 3.65 3.52 3.29 2.26 3.63

Underground .................................. 5.02 2.20 3.44 3.28 2.12 1.27 4.05

Surface ........................................... 5.43 2.97 3.78 3.63 3.50 2.54 2.86

Anthracite ........................................ − 28.06 2.99 2.71 2.41 1.77 1.76

Underground .................................. −−− 1.89 − 1.11 1.03

Surface ........................................... − 28.06 2.99 3.08 2.41 2.04 1.87

Bituminous....................................... 5.03 2.21 3.75 3.70 3.77 2.60 3.89

Underground .................................. 5.02 2.20 3.44 3.59 2.12 1.47 4.13

Surface ........................................... 5.43 2.22 3.99 3.74 4.29 2.83 3.28

Tennessee ............................................ − 4.16 3.44 − 1.80 1.83 2.37

Underground .................................. − − 3.25 − 1.67 1.86 1.83

Surface ........................................... − 4.16 3.58 − 2.83 1.79 3.02

Texas ................................................... 10.48 − 3.56 −−− 10.24

Surface ........................................... 10.48 − 3.56 −−− 10.24

Utah ..................................................... 7.69 2.63 1.04 −−− 6.34

Underground .................................. 7.69 2.63 1.04 −−− 6.34

Virginia ............................................... 3.94 4.61 3.07 2.55 2.21 1.92 2.77

Underground .................................. 3.94 4.02 2.79 2.40 2.19 1.77 2.56

Surface ........................................... − 5.23 4.02 3.43 2.39 3.04 3.69

See footnotes at end of table.

84 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 56. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1997

(Continued)

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Washington......................................... 3.74 − − − 0.97 − 3.59

Surface ........................................... 3.74 − − − .97 − 3.59

West Virginia Total........................... 5.53 5.29 4.52 3.45 2.77 2.75 4.46

Underground .................................. 4.86 5.17 4.34 3.29 2.61 2.59 4.03

Surface ........................................... 7.30 5.61 5.12 4.15 3.65 3.02 5.71

Northern .......................................... 5.08 4.91 4.20 4.03 3.07 2.71 4.48

Underground .................................. 4.80 4.45 4.44 3.79 2.87 3.20 4.35

Surface ........................................... 11.53 7.54 3.44 5.13 3.37 2.58 5.54

Southern........................................... 5.75 5.35 4.57 3.29 2.69 2.76 4.46

Underground .................................. 4.90 5.30 4.32 3.15 2.56 2.52 3.90

Surface ........................................... 7.08 5.48 5.45 3.88 4.04 3.76 5.73

Wyoming ............................................. 35.05 17.15 7.31 − − 1.53 34.55

Underground .................................. 10.13 − − − − − 10.13

Surface ........................................... 35.96 17.15 7.31 − − 1.53 35.42

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 4.77 4.49 3.84 3.19 2.78 2.30 3.76

Underground .................................. 4.36 4.18 3.64 2.97 2.43 1.90 3.55

Surface ........................................... 6.56 5.02 4.14 3.57 3.40 2.74 4.26

Interior Total2 ................................... 6.09 5.22 4.23 4.07 2.29 1.31 5.54

Underground .................................. 4.41 4.24 3.75 2.51 2.92 .44 4.07

Surface ........................................... 8.32 5.67 4.31 5.00 2.23 2.00 7.11

Western Total2 .................................. 18.88 5.13 2.97 − .97 2.39 17.75

Underground .................................. 8.14 2.99 2.04 − − 3.22 6.88

Surface ........................................... 22.06 17.15 9.15 − .97 1.53 21.78

East of Miss. River............................ 4.77 4.60 3.90 3.22 2.79 2.25 3.89

Underground .................................. 4.38 4.18 3.65 2.96 2.43 1.85 3.63

Surface ........................................... 6.31 5.17 4.24 3.64 3.42 2.70 4.49

West of Miss. River........................... 17.33 5.13 2.89 4.65 1.69 2.59 16.04

Underground .................................. 8.14 2.99 2.07 − − 3.22 6.82

Surface ........................................... 19.44 17.15 3.73 4.65 1.69 2.12 18.63

U.S. Total............................................ 8.54 4.62 3.85 3.23 2.74 2.26 6.04

Underground ..................................... 4.72 4.12 3.58 2.96 2.43 1.86 3.83

Surface .............................................. 14.59 5.34 4.21 3.68 3.21 2.69 9.46

1 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 85 
Table 57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,1997

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 2.33 − 2.33 2.52 2.39

Underground .................................. 2.23 − 2.23 2.11 2.21

Surface ........................................... 3.44 − 3.44 3.09 3.21

Alaska.................................................. − 6.41 6.41 − 6.41

Surface ........................................... − 6.41 6.41 − 6.41

Arizona ................................................ 6.79 − 6.79 − 6.79

Surface ........................................... 6.79 − 6.79 − 6.79

Arkansas............................................. − − − 1.94 1.94

Surface ........................................... − − − 1.94 1.94

Colorado ............................................. 6.96 7.46 7.14 7.84 7.68

Underground .................................. 5.08 − 5.08 7.78 7.44

Surface ........................................... 9.56 7.46 8.40 8.01 8.17

Illinois.................................................. 4.44 3.79 4.34 3.82 4.20

Underground .................................. 4.33 3.51 4.21 3.74 4.07

Surface ........................................... 5.06 5.01 5.05 5.62 5.11

Indiana ................................................ 5.26 − 5.26 5.37 5.33

Underground .................................. 2.28 − 2.28 3.88 3.74

Surface ........................................... 5.35 − 5.35 5.77 5.59

Kansas ................................................. 1.66 − 1.66 6.85 3.82

Surface ........................................... 1.66 − 1.66 6.85 3.82

Kentucky Total .................................. 4.17 3.04 4.13 3.91 3.94

Underground .................................. 3.88 3.04 3.85 3.59 3.64

Surface ........................................... 5.59 − 5.59 4.50 4.57

Eastern ............................................. 4.53 3.04 4.43 3.78 3.83

Underground .................................. 3.89 3.04 3.80 3.44 3.47

Surface ........................................... 6.04 − 6.04 4.37 4.47

Western ............................................ 3.87 − 3.87 4.64 4.38

Underground .................................. 3.88 − 3.88 4.34 4.15

Surface ........................................... 3.71 − 3.71 5.43 5.26

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 10.94 10.94

Surface ........................................... − − − 10.94 10.94

Maryland ............................................ − − − 3.93 3.93

Underground .................................. − − − 5.17 5.17

Surface ........................................... − − − 2.02 2.02

Missouri .............................................. − − − 3.19 3.19

Surface ........................................... − − − 3.19 3.19

Montana.............................................. 20.15 23.94 21.87 33.74 23.56

Surface ........................................... 20.15 23.94 21.87 33.74 23.56

New Mexico ........................................ 9.80 8.51 8.93 12.11 9.37

Surface ........................................... 9.80 8.51 8.93 12.11 9.37

North Dakota ..................................... 11.43 16.66 14.47 19.05 17.82

Surface ........................................... 11.43 16.66 14.47 19.05 17.82

Ohio ..................................................... 4.09 − 4.09 3.94 4.02

Underground .................................. 4.20 − 4.20 4.07 4.18

Surface ........................................... 2.08 − 2.08 3.92 3.81

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 2.51 2.51

Underground .................................. − − − 2.32 2.32

Surface ........................................... − − − 2.55 2.55

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 3.16 .94 3.15 4.12 3.63

Underground .................................. 3.50 − 3.49 5.13 4.05

Surface ........................................... 1.35 1.62 1.36 3.30 2.86

Anthracite ........................................ .80 1.77 .82 2.52 1.76

Underground .................................. − − − 1.05 1.03

Surface ........................................... .80 2.72 .82 2.98 1.87

Bituminous ....................................... 3.44 − 3.43 4.37 3.89

Underground .................................. 3.50 − 3.49 5.44 4.13

Surface ........................................... 2.50 − 2.46 3.37 3.28

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 2.37 2.37

Underground .................................. − − − 1.83 1.83

Surface ........................................... − − − 3.02 3.02

Texas ................................................... − 9.35 9.35 12.49 10.24

Surface ........................................... − 9.35 9.35 12.49 10.24

Utah ..................................................... 7.87 − 7.87 5.82 6.34

Underground .................................. 7.87 − 7.87 5.82 6.34

Virginia ............................................... 2.87 3.79 3.00 2.71 2.77

Underground .................................. 2.87 3.35 2.92 2.45 2.56

Surface ........................................... 2.81 4.38 4.15 3.65 3.69

Washington......................................... − 3.74 3.74 .97 3.59

Surface ........................................... − 3.74 3.74 .97 3.59

West Virginia Total........................... 4.20 − 4.18 4.81 4.46

Underground .................................. 3.72 − 3.72 4.48 4.03

Surface ........................................... 6.13 − 6.01 5.49 5.71

See footnotes at end of table.

86 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 57. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,1997 (Continued)

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 4.68 − 4.68 4.14 4.48

Underground .................................. 4.68 − 4.68 3.56 4.35

Surface ........................................... − − − 5.54 5.54

Southern ........................................... 4.01 − 3.98 4.98 4.46

Underground .................................. 3.21 − 3.21 4.73 3.90

Surface ........................................... 6.13 − 6.01 5.48 5.73

Wyoming............................................. 7.38 9.71 8.83 41.15 34.55

Underground .................................. − − − 10.13 10.13

Surface ........................................... 7.38 9.71 8.83 42.55 35.42

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.62 2.95 3.62 3.85 3.76

Underground .................................. 3.42 3.08 3.42 3.66 3.55

Surface ........................................... 4.71 2.75 4.65 4.16 4.26

Interior Total1 ................................... 4.47 8.13 5.55 5.53 5.54

Underground .................................. 4.16 3.51 4.09 4.04 4.07

Surface ........................................... 5.15 9.13 7.22 7.00 7.11

Western Total1 .................................. 9.54 9.90 9.71 23.94 17.75

Underground .................................. 7.26 − 7.26 6.78 6.88

Surface ........................................... 10.25 9.90 10.06 34.66 21.78

East of Miss. River............................ 3.79 3.47 3.78 3.97 3.89

Underground .................................. 3.54 3.38 3.54 3.71 3.63

Surface ........................................... 4.87 3.72 4.83 4.37 4.49

West of Miss. River........................... 9.47 9.67 9.59 21.69 16.04

Underground .................................. 7.26 − 7.26 6.71 6.82

Surface ........................................... 10.15 9.67 9.83 29.08 18.63

U.S. Total............................................ 4.30 8.69 4.93 6.83 6.04

Underground ..................................... 3.65 3.38 3.64 3.99 3.83

Surface .............................................. 6.40 9.38 7.54 10.50 9.46

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide these data. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 87 
Distribution

The amount of U.S. coal distributed during 1997

reached a record 1,078.4 million short tons, surpassing by 1.8 percent the previous record of 1,059.9

million short tons distributed during 1996. Compared

with 1996, distribution of U.S. coal to domestic

comsumers rose 2.8 percent to 995.2 million short

tons, while total foreign distributions of U.S. coal

declined 9.7 percent to 83.2 million short tons.

Foreign distributions of U.S. steam coal declined 22.5

percent to 27.9 million short tons, as reduced shipments of Utah coal to Japan coupled with reduced

shipments of Kentucky and Pennsylvania coal to Italy

offset sharply increased shipments of West Virginia

and Pennsylvania coal to Canada. By comparison,

foreign distributions of U.S. metallurgical coal

declined by 1.6 percent to 55.3 million short tons.

West Virginia remained the leading source of U.S.

coal distributed abroad during 1997, with foreign

shipments totaling 38.5 million short tons, representing 46.2 percent of total foreign distributions.

Other leading sources of U.S. coal distributed abroad

during 1997 were Virginia, Pennsylvania, and

Kentucky. Collectively, foreign distributions of coal

mined in these three States totaled 28.7 million short

tons, accounting for 34.6 percent of U.S. coal shipped

abroad during 1997.

Texas remained the leading destination for U.S. coal

distributed domestically during 1997, with shipments

totaling 97.4 million short tons, representing 9.8

percent of total domestic distributions. Fifty-five

percent of the coal distributed in Texas was

indigenous, with virtually all of the remainder

arriving from Wyoming (42.2 percent) and Colorado

(2.3 percent).

Rail continued to be the primary method of transporting the U.S. coal distributed during 1997,

accounting for 617.3 million short tons shipped, or

57.2 percent of total shipments. Coal transported by

water (including shipment by river, shipments on the

Great Lakes, and shipments through tidewater ports)

accounted for 240.8 million short tons, or 22.3 percent

of total coal distributed. Distributions by truck totaled

122.7 million short tons (11.4 percent of the total)

while distributions by tramway and conveyor totaled

96.1 million short tons (8.9 percent).

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 89 
Figure 8. Coal Distribution, 1988-1997

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Foreign

Residential/Commercial

Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Electric Generation

Total Distribution

90 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 58. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997

Alabama ..................................................... 23,921 24,636 25,159 23,750 25,556 −2.9 −1.6

Alaska......................................................... 1,424 1,473 1,670 1,505 1,598 −3.3 −2.8

Arizona....................................................... 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 .7 −2.3

Arkansas..................................................... 9 7 11 28 25 32.2 −22.7

Colorado..................................................... 26,956 25,405 25,635 24,810 21,465 6.1 5.9

Illinois ........................................................ 41,220 47,076 47,869 51,973 42,000 −12.4 −.5

Indiana........................................................ 34,810 29,674 25,695 30,684 29,664 17.3 4.1

Iowa ............................................................ −−− 46 175 − −

Kansas ........................................................ 434 245 291 282 345 77.1 5.9

Kentucky Total .......................................... 152,741 152,891 151,466 159,130 160,395 −.1 −1.2

Eastern..................................................... 119,191 117,404 117,831 124,257 125,041 1.5 −1.2

Western ................................................... 33,550 35,487 33,635 34,873 35,354 −5.5 −1.3

Louisiana.................................................... 3,545 3,222 3,426 3,463 3,103 10.0 3.4

Maryland .................................................... 4,116 4,199 3,570 3,460 3,572 −2.0 3.6

Missouri ..................................................... 401 846 464 679 638 −52.6 −11.0

Montana ..................................................... 40,942 38,288 39,620 41,916 35,916 6.9 3.3

New Mexico............................................... 27,377 25,043 26,154 28,570 27,942 9.3 −.5

North Dakota ............................................. 29,172 30,025 30,118 32,056 32,372 −2.8 −2.6

Ohio............................................................ 29,434 28,881 24,345 28,749 28,315 1.9 1.0

Oklahoma ................................................... 1,688 2,216 2,158 1,925 2,309 −23.8 −7.5

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 73,725 69,128 62,240 61,508 58,990 6.6 5.7

Anthracite................................................ 5,062 4,836 3,994 4,700 3,331 4.7 11.0

Bituminous .............................................. 68,664 64,291 58,246 56,808 55,659 6.8 5.4

Tennessee ................................................... 2,767 3,052 2,627 2,547 2,577 −9.3 1.8

Texas .......................................................... 53,463 49,655 52,832 52,256 54,224 7.7 −.3

Utah............................................................ 26,272 23,868 25,521 23,225 22,243 10.1 4.3

Virginia ...................................................... 35,419 36,208 34,024 38,548 41,639 −2.2 −4.0

Washington ................................................ 4,495 4,569 4,863 4,877 4,714 −1.6 −1.2

West Virginia Total ................................... 172,230 169,200 165,187 158,985 135,818 1.8 6.1

Northern .................................................. 46,316 46,436 42,615 45,535 37,100 −.3 5.7

Southern .................................................. 125,914 122,764 122,572 113,449 98,718 2.6 6.3

Wyoming.................................................... 280,795 279,117 263,601 235,540 211,713 .6 7.3

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 460,804 452,707 434,984 441,805 421,508 1.8 2.3

Interior Total1.......................................... 169,119 168,427 166,380 176,208 167,836 .4 .2

Western Total1......................................... 448,478 438,758 428,966 404,510 370,102 2.2 4.9

East of Miss. River .................................. 570,383 564,944 542,182 559,334 528,525 1.0 1.9

West of Miss. River ................................. 508,018 494,948 488,148 463,190 430,920 2.6 4.2

U.S. Total .................................................. 1,078,401 1,059,892 1,030,330 1,022,523 959,445 1.8 3.0

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: See Technical Note 1 for the difference between production and distribution. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 91 
Table 59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997

Domestic

Alabama ..................................................... 18,108 19,772 19,127 19,220 19,668 −8.4 −2.0

Alaska......................................................... 743 697 815 789 855 6.7 −3.4

Arizona....................................................... 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 .7 −2.3

Arkansas..................................................... 9 7 11 28 25 32.2 −22.7

Colorado..................................................... 25,445 23,990 24,734 24,059 20,338 6.1 5.8

Illinois ........................................................ 40,447 45,190 45,170 51,737 41,330 −10.5 −.5

Indiana........................................................ 34,805 29,664 25,625 30,477 29,475 17.3 4.2

Iowa ............................................................ −−− 46 175 − −

Kansas ........................................................ 434 245 291 282 345 77.1 5.9

Kentucky Total .......................................... 145,521 143,748 141,771 151,963 150,874 1.2 −.9

Eastern..................................................... 112,491 108,927 108,781 117,234 115,723 3.3 −.7

Western ................................................... 33,030 34,821 32,990 34,729 35,151 −5.1 −1.5

Louisiana.................................................... 3,545 3,222 3,426 3,463 3,103 10.0 3.4

Maryland .................................................... 3,880 3,555 3,382 3,277 3,278 9.1 4.3

Missouri ..................................................... 401 846 464 679 638 −52.6 −11.0

Montana ..................................................... 40,363 37,770 39,362 41,672 35,795 6.9 3.0

New Mexico............................................... 27,352 25,035 25,640 28,540 27,942 9.3 −.5

North Dakota ............................................. 29,172 30,025 30,118 32,056 32,372 −2.8 −2.6

Ohio............................................................ 29,024 28,609 24,318 28,688 28,315 1.4 .6

Oklahoma ................................................... 1,688 2,136 2,158 1,925 2,297 −21.0 −7.4

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 65,027 59,882 53,961 55,207 53,482 8.6 5.0

Anthracite................................................ 4,575 4,330 3,497 4,346 3,015 5.7 11.0

Bituminous .............................................. 60,452 55,552 50,464 50,861 50,467 8.8 4.6

Tennessee ................................................... 2,767 3,052 2,627 2,547 2,577 −9.3 1.8

Texas .......................................................... 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 7.9 −.3

Utah............................................................ 22,857 18,563 21,591 20,527 19,283 23.1 4.3

Virginia ...................................................... 22,578 22,776 24,283 26,866 27,388 −.9 −4.7

Washington ................................................ 4,481 4,526 4,756 4,731 4,621 −1.0 −.8

West Virginia Total ................................... 133,771 127,156 120,866 122,779 102,659 5.2 6.8

Northern .................................................. 41,494 40,398 36,073 39,985 34,573 2.7 4.7

Southern .................................................. 92,277 86,757 84,793 82,794 68,086 6.4 7.9

Wyoming.................................................... 278,255 276,723 261,333 234,016 210,739 .5 7.2

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 387,646 373,728 357,344 375,819 353,089 3.7 2.4

Interior Total1.......................................... 167,821 165,668 162,947 175,622 166,763 1.3 .2

Western Total1......................................... 439,713 428,297 420,132 398,402 364,083 2.7 4.8

East of Miss. River .................................. 495,928 483,402 461,128 492,762 459,045 2.6 1.9

West of Miss. River ................................. 499,252 484,291 479,294 457,081 424,890 3.1 4.1

U.S. Total .................................................. 995,181 967,693 940,423 949,843 883,934 2.8 3.0

Foreign

Alabama ..................................................... 5,813 4,864 6,032 4,529 5,888 19.5 −0.3

Alaska......................................................... 680 776 855 716 743 −12.4 −2.2

Colorado..................................................... 1,512 1,415 900 752 1,128 6.8 7.6

Illinois ........................................................ 773 1,886 2,699 236 670 −59.0 3.6

Indiana........................................................ 5 11 70 206 188 −56.0 −60.3

Kentucky Total .......................................... 7,220 9,143 9,695 7,167 9,521 −21.0 −6.7

Eastern..................................................... 6,700 8,477 9,051 7,023 9,318 −21.0 −7.9

Western ................................................... 520 666 645 144 204 −21.9 26.4

Maryland .................................................... 236 645 188 184 295 −63.4 −5.4

Montana ..................................................... 579 518 259 243 121 11.8 47.9

New Mexico............................................... 25 9 514 30 − 190.1 −

Ohio............................................................ 410 271 28 61 − 51.2 −

Oklahoma ................................................... − 80 − − 11 −100.0 −

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 8,698 9,246 8,279 6,301 5,508 −5.9 12.1

Anthracite................................................ 486 506 497 354 316 −4.0 11.3

Bituminous .............................................. 8,212 8,740 7,782 5,947 5,192 −6.0 12.1

Texas .......................................................... − 117 20 − − −100.0 −

Utah............................................................ 3,414 5,305 3,930 2,698 2,959 −35.6 3.6

Virginia ...................................................... 12,841 13,432 9,742 11,683 14,251 −4.4 −2.6

Washington ................................................ 14 43 107 146 94 −66.5 −37.4

West Virginia Total ................................... 38,459 42,044 44,321 36,205 33,159 −8.5 3.8

Northern .................................................. 4,822 6,038 6,542 5,550 2,527 −20.1 17.5

Southern .................................................. 33,637 36,006 37,779 30,655 30,632 −6.6 2.4

Wyoming.................................................... 2,541 2,395 2,269 1,524 974 6.1 27.1

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 73,157 78,979 77,640 65,986 68,419 −7.4 1.7

Interior Total1.......................................... 1,298 2,759 3,433 586 1,073 −53.0 4.9

See footnotes at end of table.

92 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 59. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997

Foreign

Western Total1......................................... 8,765 10,460 8,834 6,108 6,018 −16.2 9.9

East of Miss. River .................................. 74,455 81,542 81,054 66,572 69,481 −8.7 1.7

West of Miss. River ................................. 8,765 10,657 8,854 6,108 6,030 −17.8 9.8

U.S. Total .................................................. 83,220 92,199 89,907 72,680 75,510 −9.7 2.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Table 60. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1997

Company Name

Top Ten Distributors

Atlantic Richfield Co. Kennecott Energy Co.

Arch Minerial Corp. Kerr-McGee Coal Corp.

A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. Peabody Holding Co.

Consol Energy Inc. Texas Utilities Co.

Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. Zeigler Coal Holding Co.

Other Major Distributors

Addington Enterprises Inc. Mapco Coal Inc.

AEP Service Corp. MDU Resources

Aluminum Co. of America Minicorp Inc.

American Metals & Coal Minnesota Power & Light

AMVEST Minerals Montana Power Co.

Andalex Resources Inc. North American Coal Corp.

Anker Energy Corp. Orion Resources Inc.

BHP Minerials Int ’l Pacific Basin Resources

Black Beauty Coal Co. Pacificorp Electric

Black Hills Corp. Pardee Coal Co. Inc.

Blue Diamond Coal Co. Pen Holdings

Canyon Fuel Co. Peter Kiewit Son ’s Inc.

Chevron Corp. Quaker Coal Co.

Coal Resources Inc. Renco Group Inc.

Coastal Corp. Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal

Diversified Energy Inc. San Miguel Electric CoOp

Dolet Hills Mining Venture Smokey Mountain Coal

Drummond Co. Solar Sources Inc.

Electric Fuels Corp. Sun Coal Co.

Exxon Coal USA Inc. Teco Coal Corp.

General Dynamics Corp. Thames Development LTD

Hanson PLC U.S. Steel Mining Co.

James River Coal Co. United Coal Co.

Jim Walters Resources Inc. Western Fuels Association

Kindall Mining Westmoreland Resources Inc.

Notes: The top 10 distribution companies accounted for 53 percent of the total distribution. Companies are listed in alphabetical order to ensure

nondisclosure of company data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 93 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

Appalachian Total ................................... 387,646 373,728 357,344 375,819 353,089 3.7 2.4

Alabama ................................................. 18,108 19,772 19,127 19,220 19,668 −8.4 −2.0

Middle Atlantic.................................... 365 579 616 496 492 −36.9 −7.2

Pennsylvania ..................................... 365 579 616 496 492 −36.9 −7.2

East North Central ............................... − 108 − − −−100.0 −

Indiana............................................... − 57 − − − −100.0 −

Ohio................................................... − 51 − − − −100.0 −

West North Central.............................. − * − − −−100.0 −

Minnesota.......................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

Missouri............................................. − * − − − −100.0 −

South Atlantic ...................................... 77 385 253 89 207 −80.1 −22.1

Florida ............................................... 26 8 115 85 202 213.2 −39.9

Georgia .............................................. 50 373 134 * 1 −86.6 167.8

North Carolina .................................. − 4 − − − −100.0 −

South Carolina .................................. − − 4 3 4 − −

East South Central ............................... 17,594 18,628 18,182 18,484 18,851 −5.5 −1.7

Alabama ............................................ 17,489 18,503 18,024 18,351 18,716 −5.5 −1.7

Kentucky ........................................... − 15 − − − −100.0 −

Mississippi......................................... 105 110 156 129 132 −4.8 −5.5

Tennessee .......................................... − 1 2 4 3 −100.0 −

West South Central.............................. 47 39 24 63 18 23.1 28.1

Arkansas............................................ 47 39 24 60 9 23.1 49.7

Texas ................................................. −−− 3 8 − −

Kentucky, Eastern ................................ 112,491 108,927 108,781 117,234 115,723 3.3 −.7

New England ....................................... 1,884 1,337 1,764 1,447 1,106 40.8 14.2

Connecticut ....................................... 755 659 811 787 576 14.4 7.0

Maine................................................. 412 271 258 433 380 51.7 2.0

Massachusetts.................................... 717 407 695 227 71 76.4 78.5

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − 79 − −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 2,754 3,977 4,145 4,522 3,679 −30.8 −7.0

New Jersey........................................ 91 29 381 63 61 209.4 10.5

New York.......................................... 1,494 1,227 996 1,288 1,188 21.8 5.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 1,169 2,721 2,767 3,171 2,429 −57.0 −16.7

East North Central ............................... 21,644 20,340 22,832 24,669 25,309 6.4 −3.8

Illinois ............................................... 2,327 1,478 1,442 1,555 2,333 57.4 −.1

Indiana............................................... 2,065 1,962 2,397 2,109 2,074 5.3 −.1

Michigan ........................................... 6,759 6,671 6,977 9,524 8,857 1.3 −6.5

Ohio................................................... 9,711 9,490 11,200 10,532 11,294 2.3 −3.7

Wisconsin.......................................... 781 738 816 949 751 5.7 1.0

West North Central.............................. 543 889 611 564 482 −38.9 3.0

Iowa................................................... 259 439 160 40 25 −40.9 79.3

Minnesota.......................................... 136 135 211 172 124 .8 2.4

Missouri............................................. 145 315 238 351 334 −54.1 −18.9

Nebraska............................................ − − 3 − −− −

South Dakota..................................... 3 − − 1 −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 65,034 63,554 57,820 60,914 57,532 2.3 3.1

Delaware ........................................... −−− 37 27 − −

District of Columbia ......................... −−− 13 16 − −

Florida ............................................... 14,342 14,015 12,121 12,069 11,311 2.3 6.1

Georgia.............................................. 15,913 14,689 15,803 15,649 14,163 8.3 3.0

Maryland ........................................... 139 105 29 423 958 32.5 −38.2

North Carolina .................................. 15,840 17,240 12,902 13,590 13,491 −8.1 4.1

South Carolina .................................. 12,100 11,417 10,007 11,443 9,962 6.0 5.0

Virginia ............................................. 6,449 5,662 6,129 6,539 6,672 13.9 −.8

West Virginia.................................... 250 426 829 1,151 932 −41.3 −28.0

East South Central ............................... 20,065 18,182 20,332 22,813 26,008 10.4 −6.3

Alabama ............................................ 727 727 1,434 2,402 2,320 * −25.2

Kentucky ........................................... 8,639 9,326 9,653 10,317 10,145 −7.4 −3.9

Mississippi......................................... 1,219 928 815 1,006 1,731 31.3 −8.4

Tennessee .......................................... 9,480 7,202 8,430 9,088 11,811 31.6 −5.3

West South Central.............................. 116 71 513 802 104 63.8 2.9

Arkansas ............................................ −−− * −− −

Louisiana ........................................... 78 44 500 791 104 77.0 −6.9

Oklahoma .......................................... * 2 4 − − −71.9 −

Texas ................................................. 38 26 8 10 − 49.1 −

Mountain .............................................. − − 2 10 −− −

Idaho.................................................. − − 2 − −− −

Wyoming ........................................... −−− 10 −− −

See footnotes at end of table.

94 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

Kentucky, Eastern (Continued)

Pacific................................................... 16 24 15 15 4 −31.4 41.9

Oregon............................................... 16 24 15 15 4 −31.4 41.9

Maryland................................................ 3,880 3,555 3,382 3,277 3,278 9.1 4.3

New England ....................................... − 3 32 − 11 −100.0 −

Connecticut ....................................... − 3 32 − − −100.0 −

Massachusetts .................................... − * − − 11 −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 24 4 45 − 19 NM 5.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 24 4 45 − 19 NM 5.9

East North Central ............................... − 19 − − −−100.0 −

Michigan ........................................... − 15 − − − −100.0 −

Wisconsin.......................................... − 3 − − − −100.0 −

South Atlantic ...................................... 3,847 3,518 3,297 3,277 3,230 9.4 4.5

Delaware ........................................... − 130 97 125 37 −100.0 −

Maryland ........................................... 955 1,147 1,216 1,034 820 −16.8 3.9

Virginia ............................................. 163 27 12 1 − 493.4 −

West Virginia.................................... 2,730 2,213 1,971 2,116 2,373 23.4 3.6

Ohio ........................................................ 29,024 28,609 24,318 28,688 28,315 1.4 .6

New England ....................................... −−− * 17 − −

Connecticut ....................................... −−− * * − −

Massachusetts.................................... − − − − 17 − −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 770 1,168 1,568 2,443 1,388 −34.1 −13.7

New York.......................................... 18 125 25 124 52 −85.6 −23.3

Pennsylvania ..................................... 752 1,043 1,543 2,318 1,336 −27.9 −13.4

East North Central ............................... 25,162 25,201 20,912 24,810 25,119 −.2 *

Illinois ............................................... − 5 − 17 * −100.0 −

Indiana............................................... 337 464 243 345 274 −27.3 5.3

Michigan ........................................... 303 246 431 522 474 23.2 −10.6

Ohio................................................... 24,521 24,478 20,228 23,907 24,370 .2 .1

Wisconsin.......................................... − 9 10 18 − −100.0 −

West North Central.............................. 7 − 10 33 83 − −45.5

Iowa................................................... −−− 15 67 − −

Minnesota.......................................... 7 − − − −− −

Missouri............................................. − − 10 18 16 − −

South Atlantic ...................................... 2,323 2,036 1,620 971 1,041 14.1 22.2

Delaware ........................................... −−− 29 48 − −

West Virginia.................................... 2,323 2,036 1,620 942 993 14.1 23.7

East South Central ............................... 636 137 53 130 261 364.5 24.9

Alabama ............................................ 69 103 18 37 151 −33.1 −17.8

Kentucky ........................................... 567 30 14 93 29 NM 109.9

Tennessee .......................................... − 4 21 − 81 −100.0 −

Pennsylvania,

Anthracite........................................... 4,575 4,330 3,497 4,346 3,015 5.7 11.0

New England ....................................... 35 31 37 54 64 12.0 −13.9

Connecticut ....................................... 7 5 8 11 13 32.2 −13.4

Maine................................................. 4 4 3 6 8 −3.3 −19.4

Massachusetts.................................... 14 14 16 20 24 4.3 −12.0

New Hampshire ................................ 5 4 5 8 10 31.5 −16.8

Rhode Island ..................................... 3 3 3 3 3 −12.2 −3.1

Vermont............................................. 2 2 3 5 6 47.3 −18.6

Middle Atlantic.................................... 4,236 3,985 2,922 3,227 2,618 6.3 12.8

New Jersey........................................ 15 14 15 17 20 9.6 −7.1

New York.......................................... 130 151 140 121 179 −13.7 −7.6

Pennsylvania ..................................... 4,091 3,821 2,768 3,089 2,420 7.1 14.0

East North Central ............................... 41 41 37 36 39 .2 1.2

Illinois ............................................... 15 7 9 8 14 104.1 1.6

Indiana............................................... 7 6 6 4 5 11.7 10.8

Michigan ........................................... 1 3 9 2 * −67.5 23.1

Ohio................................................... 13 19 8 21 19 −35.7 −9.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 6 5 6 2 1 15.6 43.3

West North Central.............................. 52 64 46 31 34 −18.7 10.9

Iowa................................................... 43 54 39 26 28 −20.0 12.0

Kansas ............................................... 1 * − − * NM 123.7

Minnesota.......................................... 4 7 7 3 3 −46.2 5.7

Missouri ............................................. * * * 2 2 NM −29.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 95 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

Pennsylvania,

Anthracite (Continued)

Nebraska ............................................ 4 1 * * 2 312.0 19.0

North Dakota..................................... * 2 * * * −99.1 −26.9

South Dakota..................................... −−− * −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 97 56 91 79 64 73.3 10.9

Delaware ........................................... 8 10 11 11 11 −20.9 −6.3

District of Columbia ......................... * * * * * 45.6 14.0

Florida ............................................... 7 6 9 8 6 15.1 1.6

Georgia.............................................. * * * * * −53.7 −20.7

Maryland ........................................... 3 1 27 6 4 181.5 −3.8

North Carolina .................................. * * * * * 335.3 −3.4

South Carolina .................................. 31 * 3 8 11 NM 30.1

Virginia ............................................. 6 6 9 11 14 4.6 −18.1

West Virginia.................................... 41 32 31 35 18 27.6 22.7

East South Central ............................... 31 50 44 28 34 −37.7 −2.3

Alabama ............................................ 4 2 1 1 3 103.2 12.1

Kentucky ........................................... 18 22 21 12 18 −17.2 .3

Mississippi......................................... * * * * * 166.7 55.6

Tennessee .......................................... 9 26 22 15 14 −66.6 −10.7

West South Central.............................. 11 8 12 8 11 41.0 1.1

Arkansas ............................................ * * * 1 * 79.5 13.7

Louisiana ........................................... 8 6 10 3 8 23.3 .6

Oklahoma .......................................... * * * * * −17.5 −6.4

Texas ................................................. 3 1 2 3 3 135.7 2.3

Mountain .............................................. 26 21 13 18 3 28.7 77.3

Arizona.............................................. 3 1 * * * 92.5 271.5

Colorado............................................ 20 16 12 15 3 23.1 65.8

Idaho .................................................. − **3* −100.0 −

Montana ............................................. − 2 − * * −100.0 −

Nevada............................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

New Mexico...................................... − * * * * −100.0 −

Utah ................................................... 3 * * * * NM 195.8

Wyoming ........................................... 2 1 − * * 17.1 289.1

Pacific ................................................... 14 12 12 7 10 13.5 10.0

Alaska ................................................ −−− * −− −

California........................................... 1 * * * * 36.5 37.6

Oregon............................................... 13 12 12 7 9 12.5 9.2

Washington ....................................... * − * − −− −

Pennsylvania,

Bituminous.......................................... 60,452 55,552 50,464 50,861 50,467 8.8 4.6

New England ....................................... 1,214 1,021 1,009 1,025 989 18.9 5.3

Connecticut ....................................... 1 227 516 12 * −99.6 34.2

Maine................................................. 7 − 32 24 2 − 34.0

Massachusetts.................................... 497 202 4 292 330 145.8 10.8

New Hampshire ................................ 710 592 458 698 656 20.0 2.0

Vermont ............................................. * * − − * 4.5 −33.4

Middle Atlantic.................................... 41,194 40,063 37,612 38,188 37,417 2.8 2.4

New Jersey........................................ 567 538 558 537 153 5.4 38.8

New York.......................................... 3,884 4,125 3,675 5,551 6,228 −5.8 −11.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 36,743 35,400 33,379 32,100 31,036 3.8 4.3

East North Central ............................... 10,238 8,460 6,682 6,288 6,502 21.0 12.0

Illinois ............................................... −−− 206 43 − −

Indiana............................................... 548 559 222 629 505 −2.0 2.1

Michigan ........................................... 2,876 2,075 2,650 1,756 1,607 38.6 15.7

Ohio................................................... 4,756 4,463 2,707 2,769 3,848 6.5 5.4

Wisconsin.......................................... 2,058 1,362 1,103 928 500 51.1 42.4

West North Central.............................. 178 248 228 46 205 −28.1 −3.5

Iowa ................................................... 178 225 227 46 103 −20.8 14.6

Minnesota.......................................... − 23 − − − −100.0 −

Missouri ............................................. − − 1 − 102 − −

North Dakota..................................... − − − − * − −

South Atlantic ...................................... 5,783 3,968 3,377 3,783 3,955 45.7 10.0

Delaware ........................................... 655 528 452 314 252 24.1 27.0

Florida ............................................... −−− 135 −− −

Maryland ........................................... 1,921 1,602 1,741 2,278 2,372 19.8 −5.1

South Carolina .................................. − − 6 − −− −

See footnotes at end of table.

96 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

Pennsylvania,

Bituminous (Continued)

Virginia ............................................. 226 5 20 55 29 NM 66.6

West Virginia.................................... 2,982 1,833 1,157 1,002 1,302 62.7 23.0

East South Central ............................... 1,302 1,144 1,078 993 772 13.8 14.0

Alabama ............................................ 95 6 39 34 46 NM 20.1

Kentucky ........................................... 344 500 363 460 225 −31.1 11.2

Mississippi......................................... − − − − 3 − −

Tennessee .......................................... 864 639 675 500 498 35.2 14.7

West South Central.............................. 11 195 6 − * −94.2 366.2

Louisiana ........................................... 11 195 − − − −94.5 −

Texas ................................................. 1 * 6 − * 110.6 133.7

Mountain .............................................. 199 230 215 183 240 −13.7 −4.6

Utah ................................................... 199 230 215 183 240 −13.7 −4.6

Tennessee ............................................... 2,767 3,052 2,627 2,547 2,577 −9.3 1.8

East North Central ............................... * * * 1 * −26.6 42.1

Illinois ............................................... −−− 1 −− −

Indiana............................................... − − − − * − −

Michigan ........................................... − − * − −− −

Ohio ................................................... * * * − −−26.6 −

South Atlantic ...................................... 172 141 251 301 303 21.4 −13.2

Florida ............................................... − − 39 40 −− −

Georgia.............................................. 90 141 189 202 204 −36.4 −18.6

North Carolina .................................. 45 1 23 58 96 NM −17.3

South Carolina .................................. 37 − − − 3 − 94.8

Virginia ............................................. − − − − * − −

East South Central ............................... 2,593 2,902 2,363 2,223 2,215 −10.6 4.0

Alabama ............................................ 743 331 936 710 592 124.5 5.9

Kentucky ........................................... − 23 5 135 122 −100.0 −

Tennessee .......................................... 1,850 2,548 1,422 1,378 1,501 −27.4 5.4

Virginia................................................... 22,578 22,776 24,283 26,866 27,388 −.9 −4.7

New England ....................................... 15 18 19 − − −18.7 −

Connecticut ....................................... 5 − − − −− −

Massachusetts.................................... − 8 − − − −100.0 −

New Hampshire ................................ 10 10 19 − − −1.8 −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 3,469 2,045 2,311 1,490 2,073 69.6 13.7

New Jersey........................................ 805 601 635 190 359 34.1 22.4

New York.......................................... 13 146 362 156 108 −91.1 −41.0

Pennsylvania ..................................... 2,651 1,299 1,314 1,143 1,607 104.0 13.3

East North Central ............................... 3,484 3,237 3,557 2,455 3,475 7.6 .1

Illinois ............................................... 677 583 578 302 260 16.2 27.0

Indiana............................................... 1,587 2,290 2,395 1,202 2,045 −30.7 −6.1

Michigan ........................................... * 25 83 376 188 −99.9 −89.4

Ohio................................................... 1,220 331 493 488 875 268.5 8.7

Wisconsin .......................................... − 9 9 86 108 −100.0 −

West North Central.............................. − − 8 − −− −

Missouri............................................. − − 8 − −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 11,989 13,507 14,600 18,898 18,553 −11.2 −10.3

Delaware ........................................... 179 166 152 203 155 7.9 3.7

Florida ............................................... 451 549 377 531 457 −17.9 −.4

Georgia.............................................. 1,860 1,785 2,064 3,038 3,496 4.2 −14.6

Maryland ........................................... * 1 392 90 8 −80.0 −64.3

North Carolina .................................. 840 1,883 4,056 5,634 5,867 −55.4 −38.5

South Carolina .................................. 1,492 1,605 1,468 1,604 1,663 −7.0 −2.7

Virginia ............................................. 6,695 7,231 5,657 6,867 6,076 −7.4 2.5

West Virginia.................................... 471 287 433 930 832 64.1 −13.3

East South Central ............................... 3,286 3,581 3,413 3,658 3,026 −8.2 2.1

Alabama ............................................ 1,057 1,036 1,083 1,156 887 2.0 4.5

Kentucky ........................................... 18 3 142 41 1 NM 98.8

Mississippi......................................... 8 13 − − − −36.0 −

Tennessee .......................................... 2,203 2,529 2,187 2,462 2,138 −12.9 .7

West South Central.............................. 14 13 21 − 2 9.7 72.1

Louisiana ........................................... − − 21 − −− −

Texas ................................................. 14 13 − − 2 9.7 72.1

Mountain .............................................. 298 332 313 320 103 −10.3 30.5

Colorado............................................ − − − − * − −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 97 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

Virginia (Continued)

Utah ................................................... 298 332 313 320 103 −10.3 30.5

Pacific................................................... * − − − −− −

California........................................... * − − − −− −

West Virginia, Northern ...................... 41,494 40,398 36,073 39,985 34,573 2.7 4.7

New England ....................................... 1,161 1,070 918 1,086 1,002 8.4 3.8

Connecticut ....................................... 687 683 572 166 − .7 −

Maine................................................. 1 13 9 − − −90.5 −

Massachusetts.................................... 132 53 113 648 613 149.5 −31.9

New Hampshire ................................ 340 322 225 272 389 5.5 −3.3

Middle Atlantic.................................... 14,973 14,276 13,740 12,566 9,769 4.9 11.3

New Jersey........................................ 1,365 1,530 1,182 1,096 1,234 −10.8 2.6

New York.......................................... 4,708 4,140 4,040 3,079 1,336 13.7 37.0

Pennsylvania ..................................... 8,900 8,606 8,518 8,391 7,200 3.4 5.4

East North Central ............................... 5,513 5,410 2,887 5,924 4,220 1.9 6.9

Illinois ............................................... − 9 51 23 44 −100.0 −

Indiana ............................................... 157 479 38 1,060 216 −67.1 −7.6

Michigan ........................................... 679 640 437 392 113 6.1 56.5

Ohio................................................... 4,155 3,966 1,977 4,098 3,659 4.8 3.2

Wisconsin.......................................... 522 317 384 350 188 64.7 29.1

West North Central.............................. − * 3 12 54 −100.0 −

Iowa ................................................... −−− 2 −− −

Minnesota .......................................... − − 3 10 −− −

Missouri............................................. − − − − 54 − −

North Dakota..................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

South Atlantic ...................................... 17,631 17,820 17,213 19,270 17,772 −1.1 −.2

Delaware ........................................... 442 449 737 969 1,096 −1.7 −20.3

District of Columbia ......................... 3 6 5 10 12 −50.5 −28.7

Florida ............................................... 610 551 259 449 580 10.7 1.2

Maryland ........................................... 4,862 4,773 3,341 3,443 4,314 1.9 3.0

North Carolina .................................. − 13 − 7 − −100.0 −

South Carolina .................................. − 3 − 1 − −100.0 −

Virginia ............................................. 635 66 30 75 306 NM 20.0

West Virginia.................................... 11,080 11,959 12,841 14,316 11,464 −7.3 −.8

East South Central ............................... 1,866 1,522 1,178 492 749 22.6 25.6

Alabama ............................................ 442 419 604 34 27 5.5 102.0

Kentucky ........................................... 1,424 1,026 527 160 130 38.8 82.1

Mississippi......................................... −−− 5 5 − −

Tennessee .......................................... − 78 46 293 589 −100.0 −

West South Central.............................. 282 203 − 368 154 38.6 16.2

Louisiana ........................................... 282 203 − 368 154 38.6 16.2

Mountain .............................................. − − * − −− −

Nevada ............................................... − − * − −− −

Pacific................................................... − − − − * − −

California........................................... − − − − * − −

West Virginia,

Southern.............................................. 92,277 86,757 84,793 82,794 68,086 6.4 7.9

New England ....................................... 1,909 1,853 1,404 1,351 917 3.0 20.1

Connecticut ....................................... 135 24 − − 106 453.3 6.3

Maine ................................................. * 13 − * 14 −99.8 −80.0

Massachusetts.................................... 1,774 1,792 1,330 1,351 739 −1.0 24.5

New Hampshire ................................ − 24 74 − 58 −100.0 −

Rhode Island ..................................... * − − − * − 2.3

Vermont ............................................. −−− * −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 8,702 7,391 7,170 6,738 6,965 17.7 5.7

New Jersey........................................ 492 216 165 260 343 127.8 9.5

New York.......................................... 1,560 1,545 1,466 1,345 1,860 .9 −4.3

Pennsylvania ..................................... 6,651 5,630 5,538 5,133 4,763 18.1 8.7

East North Central ............................... 29,392 30,404 28,905 27,503 22,906 −3.3 6.4

Illinois ............................................... 1,807 1,841 1,400 1,403 1,971 −1.8 −2.1

Indiana............................................... 5,773 4,809 5,142 4,918 3,401 20.1 14.1

Michigan ........................................... 5,415 4,869 4,416 5,903 4,048 11.2 7.5

Ohio................................................... 16,057 18,770 17,566 14,802 12,485 −14.4 6.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 340 115 381 478 1,002 194.1 −23.7

West North Central.............................. 245 113 313 237 223 117.2 2.4

Iowa................................................... 119 44 119 70 69 170.1 14.4

See footnotes at end of table.

98 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

West Virginia,

Southern (Continued)

Minnesota.......................................... 87 32 107 92 11 170.6 67.3

Missouri............................................. 39 36 85 70 142 8.9 −27.8

North Dakota..................................... − − * * −− −

South Dakota..................................... − 1 2 6 − −100.0 −

South Atlantic ...................................... 42,159 37,986 36,164 36,045 26,459 11.0 12.3

Delaware ........................................... 450 551 485 621 617 −18.3 −7.6

District of Columbia ......................... 37 17 − 24 23 116.7 12.3

Florida ............................................... 1,896 1,123 1,341 1,372 817 68.8 23.4

Georgia.............................................. 4,969 4,064 4,159 4,106 2,958 22.3 13.8

Maryland ........................................... 2,607 3,132 3,209 2,855 1,376 −16.8 17.3

North Carolina .................................. 9,740 8,274 7,169 6,910 6,167 17.7 12.1

South Carolina .................................. 100 347 257 394 107 −71.2 −1.7

Virginia ............................................. 4,306 3,217 3,367 3,188 2,971 33.8 9.7

West Virginia.................................... 18,054 17,261 16,177 16,575 11,423 4.6 12.1

East South Central ............................... 9,269 8,677 10,433 10,551 10,095 6.8 −2.1

Alabama ............................................ 3,078 2,922 3,487 4,392 3,736 5.4 −4.7

Kentucky ........................................... 5,540 4,250 5,330 4,744 4,704 30.3 4.2

Mississippi......................................... 20 24 44 93 87 −17.6 −30.9

Tennessee .......................................... 631 1,482 1,571 1,322 1,569 −57.4 −20.4

West South Central.............................. 66 81 48 60 49 −18.5 7.5

Louisiana ........................................... 18 − − 4 2 − 81.3

Oklahoma .......................................... 47 77 48 56 48 −38.8 −.5

Texas ................................................. 2 4 − 1 − −65.2 −

Mountain .............................................. 229 18 206 212 135 NM 14.1

Idaho .................................................. −−− * −− −

Utah ................................................... 229 18 206 211 135 NM 14.1

Pacific................................................... 10 28 2 1 * −64.2 217.4

California........................................... − − − − * − −

Oregon............................................... 10 2 2 1 − NM −

Washington ....................................... − 26 − − − −100.0 −

Interior Total............................................ 167,821 165,668 162,947 175,622 166,763 1.3 .2

Arkansas................................................. 9 7 11 28 25 32.2 −22.7

West North Central.............................. 1 − − 4 8 − −40.8

Missouri............................................. 1 − − 4 8 − −40.8

West South Central.............................. 8 7 11 24 17 17.2 −17.0

Arkansas............................................ 4 7 11 13 12 −41.3 −24.2

Oklahoma .......................................... −−− * 5 − −

Texas ................................................. 4 − − 12 −− −

Illinois..................................................... 40,447 45,190 45,170 51,737 41,330 −10.5 −.5

New England ....................................... − − * − −− −

Connecticut ....................................... − − * − −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... * * * * * −68.3 −36.2

New Jersey........................................ − * * − −−100.0 −

New York.......................................... − * * * * −100.0 −

Pennsylvania ..................................... * * * * − −51.0 −

East North Central ............................... 23,224 25,316 25,629 28,299 20,483 −8.3 3.2

Illinois ............................................... 18,085 16,052 15,587 17,517 15,206 12.7 4.4

Indiana............................................... 4,272 8,178 8,559 9,574 4,541 −47.8 −1.5

Michigan ........................................... − 59 70 51 − −100.0 −

Ohio ................................................... − 18 1 18 − −100.0 −

Wisconsin.......................................... 868 1,008 1,412 1,139 736 −13.9 4.2

West North Central.............................. 3,934 5,347 6,270 9,448 7,783 −26.4 −15.7

Iowa................................................... 731 694 1,216 1,535 1,534 5.3 −16.9

Kansas ............................................... 129 149 128 193 179 −13.2 −7.8

Minnesota.......................................... 176 100 111 179 43 75.4 41.9

Missouri............................................. 2,897 4,403 4,815 7,541 6,027 −34.2 −16.7

North Dakota..................................... * − − − * − −47.3

South Atlantic ...................................... 6,612 7,255 6,651 8,403 8,137 −8.9 −5.1

Florida ............................................... 5,585 6,052 6,056 5,846 4,782 −7.7 4.0

Georgia.............................................. 1,027 1,204 584 2,557 3,355 −14.7 −25.6

Maryland ........................................... − − 5 − −− −

North Carolina .................................. * − * − −− −

Virginia ............................................. − * * − * −100.0 −

West Virginia.................................... − − 6 * −− −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 99 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

Illinois (Continued)

East South Central ............................... 5,600 7,130 6,510 5,453 4,823 −21.5 3.8

Alabama ............................................ 1,348 2,155 1,146 750 401 −37.4 35.4

Kentucky ........................................... 152 1 274 343 535 NM −27.0

Mississippi......................................... 1,228 1,749 1,304 1,164 1,106 −29.8 2.6

Tennessee .......................................... 2,872 3,225 3,787 3,195 2,780 −10.9 .8

West South Central.............................. 1,055 86 86 46 58 NM 106.4

Arkansas............................................ 67 76 76 30 37 −12.0 15.9

Louisiana ........................................... 987 − − − 21 − 161.9

Oklahoma .......................................... 1 10 10 16 − −87.3 −

Mountain .............................................. − 40 − − − −100.0 −

Colorado............................................ − 40 − − − −100.0 −

Indiana ................................................... 34,805 29,664 25,625 30,477 29,475 17.3 4.2

New England ....................................... − * − * 21 −100.0 −

Connecticut ....................................... − * − * − −100.0 −

Massachusetts.................................... − − − − 21 − −

East North Central ............................... 32,267 26,318 22,461 27,088 26,347 22.6 5.2

Illinois ............................................... 1,920 1,444 963 1,597 1,562 33.0 5.3

Indiana............................................... 29,916 24,309 21,185 24,733 23,913 23.1 5.8

Michigan ........................................... 162 181 180 135 184 −10.5 −3.1

Ohio................................................... 4 34 26 36 60 −88.8 −49.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 265 350 106 587 628 −24.3 −19.4

West North Central.............................. 359 655 454 973 1,249 −45.1 −26.8

Iowa................................................... 347 638 435 426 646 −45.6 −14.4

Kansas ............................................... − − − − 18 − −

Minnesota .......................................... 4 − − 43 −− −

Missouri............................................. 8 17 19 504 585 −50.9 −65.7

South Atlantic ...................................... −−− 19 264 − −

Florida ............................................... − − − − 96 − −

Georgia .............................................. −−− 19 153 − −

Virginia ............................................. − − − − 15 − −

East South Central ............................... 2,148 2,677 2,586 2,313 1,506 −19.8 9.3

Alabama ............................................ − 26 1 56 60 −100.0 −

Kentucky ........................................... 2,148 2,610 2,466 2,219 1,313 −17.7 13.1

Tennessee .......................................... − 41 119 38 132 −100.0 −

West South Central.............................. 26141 −74.3 13.7

Oklahoma .......................................... * 4 − 3 1 −98.4 −48.3

Texas ................................................. 2 2 1 * − −25.3 −

Iowa ........................................................ −−− 46 175 − −

West North Central.............................. −−− 46 175 − −

Iowa ................................................... −−− 46 175 − −

Kansas .................................................... 434 245 291 282 345 77.1 5.9

West North Central.............................. 434 233 291 282 345 85.9 5.9

Kansas ............................................... 354 164 160 165 167 115.5 20.6

Missouri............................................. 80 69 131 117 178 15.6 −18.1

West South Central.............................. − 12 − − −−100.0 −

Oklahoma .......................................... − 12 − − − −100.0 −

Kentucky, Western ............................... 33,030 34,821 32,990 34,729 35,151 −5.1 −1.5

Middle Atlantic.................................... −−− * * − −

Pennsylvania ..................................... −−− * * − −

East North Central ............................... 575 1,016 542 2,762 4,169 −43.5 −39.1

Illinois ............................................... 103 119 − 192 659 −13.5 −37.1

Indiana............................................... 257 680 243 2,214 3,229 −62.3 −46.9

Michigan ........................................... −−− 12 28 − −

Ohio................................................... 30 31 103 180 146 −2.5 −32.7

Wisconsin.......................................... 185 187 196 165 108 −.8 14.5

West North Central.............................. 350 237 101 1,170 352 47.5 −.1

Iowa................................................... 320 211 75 377 217 52.1 10.1

Minnesota.......................................... − 22 19 26 32 −100.0 −

Missouri............................................. 30 5 6 766 102 476.4 −26.4

South Atlantic ...................................... 3,806 3,254 2,375 2,709 3,040 16.9 5.8

Florida ............................................... 3,804 3,254 2,375 2,706 3,039 16.9 5.8

Maryland ........................................... 2 − − − −− −

North Carolina .................................. −−− * −− −

See footnotes at end of table.

100 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

Kentucky, Western (Continued)

South Carolina .................................. −−− * −− −

Virginia ............................................. * * − − − 333.3 −

West Virginia.................................... −−− 3 1 − −

East South Central ............................... 28,155 29,605 29,927 28,048 27,512 −4.9 0.6

Alabama ............................................ 1,798 3,142 1,717 2,038 1,761 −42.8 .5

Kentucky ........................................... 14,169 16,375 17,488 16,401 17,990 −13.5 −5.8

Mississippi......................................... − 107 − − 10 −100.0 −

Tennessee .......................................... 12,188 9,981 10,723 9,609 7,751 22.1 12.0

West South Central.............................. 112 657 13 8 12 −82.9 74.6

Arkansas ............................................ 4 11 13 8 12 −62.3 −23.2

Louisiana ........................................... 108 646 − − − −83.3 −

Louisiana................................................ 3,545 3,222 3,426 3,463 3,103 10.0 3.4

West North Central.............................. −−−− * − −

Missouri............................................. − − − − * − −

West South Central.............................. 3,545 3,222 3,426 3,463 3,103 10.0 3.4

Louisiana ........................................... 3,545 3,222 3,426 3,463 3,103 10.0 3.4

Missouri.................................................. 401 846 464 679 638 −52.6 −11.0

West North Central.............................. 389 846 464 679 614 −54.0 −10.8

Kansas ............................................... 40 345 91 77 23 −88.5 15.2

Missouri............................................. 349 501 373 602 592 −30.2 −12.3

West South Central.............................. 9 −−− 2 − 45.2

Arkansas............................................ 9 − − − −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... − − − − 2 − −

Oklahoma............................................... 1,688 2,136 2,158 1,925 2,297 −21.0 −7.4

West North Central.............................. 110 63 31 27 57 76.6 18.0

Kansas ............................................... 110 63 31 22 41 76.6 28.3

Missouri ............................................. − − * 5 16 − −

East South Central ............................... − − 2 − −− −

Kentucky ........................................... − − 2 − −− −

West South Central.............................. 1,568 2,066 2,121 1,896 2,240 −24.1 −8.5

Arkansas............................................ 160 170 159 205 196 −6.2 −5.0

Oklahoma .......................................... 1,260 1,712 1,790 1,532 1,869 −26.4 −9.4

Texas ................................................. 148 184 171 159 175 −19.9 −4.1

Pacific ................................................... −−− * * − −

California ........................................... −−− * * − −

Texas....................................................... 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 7.9 −.3

West South Central.............................. 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 7.9 −.3

Texas ................................................. 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 7.9 −.3

Western Total........................................... 439,713 428,297 420,132 398,402 364,083 2.7 4.8

Alaska..................................................... 743 697 815 789 855 6.7 −3.4

Pacific................................................... 743 697 815 789 855 6.7 −3.4

Alaska................................................ 743 697 815 789 855 6.7 −3.4

Arizona ................................................... 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 .7 −2.3

Mountain .............................................. 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 .7 −2.3

Arizona.............................................. 6,646 6,499 6,956 7,580 7,566 2.3 −3.2

Nevada............................................... 4,398 4,470 4,827 4,431 4,572 −1.6 −1.0

Colorado................................................. 25,445 23,990 24,734 24,059 20,338 6.1 5.8

New England ....................................... 107 − − − −− −

Vermont............................................. 107 − − − −− −

East North Central ............................... 1,873 1,366 2,333 2,357 2,471 37.1 −6.7

Illinois ............................................... 1,196 640 1,628 1,439 1,246 86.8 −1.0

Indiana............................................... − − 20 457 978 − −

Michigan ........................................... 10 − 44 − −− −

Wisconsin.......................................... 667 726 641 462 246 −8.2 28.3

West North Central.............................. 2,879 3,218 3,109 2,194 871 −10.5 34.8

Iowa................................................... 644 591 550 171 135 8.8 47.8

Kansas ............................................... 1,264 1,493 1,436 1,148 90 −15.3 93.3

Minnesota.......................................... − − 13 23 8 − −

Missouri............................................. 907 1,077 1,005 775 566 −15.8 12.5

Nebraska............................................ 65 56 104 77 72 16.7 −2.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 101 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

Colorado (Continued)

South Atlantic ...................................... − 136 811 435 44 −100.0 −

Florida ............................................... − 136 811 423 − −100.0 −

Georgia.............................................. −−− 11 44 − −

West Virginia.................................... −−− 2 −− −

East South Central ............................... 3,349 3,817 2,797 2,038 711 −12.3 47.3

Kentucky ........................................... 190 260 1,098 710 − −26.9 −

Mississippi......................................... 35 519 963 735 170 −93.3 −32.8

Tennessee .......................................... 3,125 3,038 736 593 541 2.8 55.0

West South Central.............................. 2,296 2,443 2,258 2,563 2,628 −6.0 −3.3

Arkansas............................................ 29 − − − −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... − − 31 26 121 − −

Texas ................................................. 2,267 2,443 2,228 2,537 2,507 −7.2 −2.5

Mountain .............................................. 14,792 12,861 13,353 14,362 13,497 15.0 2.3

Arizona.............................................. 74 355 105 219 117 −79.1 −10.7

Colorado............................................ 12,307 10,704 11,820 12,035 11,181 15.0 2.4

Idaho.................................................. − − 3 − −− −

Nevada............................................... 69 132 161 306 514 −47.8 −39.5

New Mexico...................................... 99 88 97 84 84 13.1 4.2

Utah ................................................... 2,111 1,204 1,113 1,714 1,598 75.3 7.2

Wyoming........................................... 131 378 53 4 3 −65.3 161.0

Pacific................................................... 138 131 37 73 80 4.9 14.5

California........................................... 47 − 1 22 33 − 9.4

Oregon............................................... 67 94 − − − −29.3 −

Washington ....................................... 24 37 36 52 47 −34.3 −15.3

Montana ................................................. 40,363 37,770 39,362 41,672 35,795 6.9 3.0

East North Central ............................... 16,361 15,814 16,582 17,875 15,841 3.5 .8

Illinois ............................................... 1,545 2,162 2,713 4,338 3,295 −28.5 −17.3

Indiana............................................... 1,259 869 720 749 433 44.9 30.6

Michigan ........................................... 10,866 9,806 11,014 10,481 10,055 10.8 2.0

Ohio................................................... 42 26 − − − 63.3 −

Wisconsin.......................................... 2,649 2,950 2,135 2,307 2,057 −10.2 6.5

West North Central.............................. 11,372 11,622 11,338 10,668 9,411 −2.1 4.8

Iowa ................................................... 105 − 2*1 − 210.5

Kansas ............................................... 104 − − − −− −

Minnesota.......................................... 8,847 9,791 10,199 10,038 8,852 −9.6 *

Missouri............................................. − − 6 − −− −

Nebraska ............................................ 47 113 205 71 136 −58.0 −23.1

North Dakota..................................... 402 417 469 559 422 −3.7 −1.2

South Dakota..................................... 1,867 1,301 457 − − 43.5 −

East South Central ............................... 3,235 2,226 1,234 1,314 178 45.3 106.6

Mississippi......................................... 3,235 2,226 1,234 1,314 178 45.3 106.6

Mountain .............................................. 9,052 7,995 9,611 10,718 9,233 13.2 −.5

Colorado............................................ − 26 63 89 86 −100.0 −

Montana ............................................. 9,019 7,844 9,477 10,581 9,115 15.0 −.3

Wyoming........................................... 34 125 71 49 31 −73.2 1.8

Pacific................................................... 333 113 583 1,097 1,108 195.7 −25.9

Oregon............................................... − − − − 355 − −

Washington ....................................... 333 113 583 1,097 753 195.7 −18.4

New Mexico ........................................... 27,352 25,035 25,640 28,540 27,942 9.3 −.5

East North Central ............................... 523 732 1,591 1,495 1,392 −28.6 −21.7

Wisconsin.......................................... 523 732 1,591 1,495 1,392 −28.6 −21.7

West North Central.............................. 68 92 − − −−25.9 −

Nebraska............................................ 68 92 − − − −25.9 −

West South Central.............................. 482 334 160 296 350 44.5 8.4

Arkansas............................................ − 1 − − − −100.0 −

Oklahoma .......................................... 108 17 − − 5 NM 115.0

Texas ................................................. 375 316 160 296 345 18.6 2.1

Mountain .............................................. 26,279 23,877 23,889 26,749 26,201 10.1 .1

Arizona.............................................. 10,492 8,860 9,259 11,284 11,263 18.4 −1.8

Colorado............................................ − 9 − − − −100.0 −

New Mexico...................................... 15,786 15,009 14,630 15,464 14,938 5.2 1.4

North Dakota......................................... 29,172 30,025 30,118 32,056 32,372 −2.8 −2.6

East North Central ............................... −−− * * − −

Wisconsin .......................................... −−− * * − −

See footnotes at end of table.

102 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

North Dakota

West North Central.............................. 29,172 30,025 30,113 32,055 32,367 −2.8 −2.6

North Dakota..................................... 29,172 30,025 28,838 29,731 30,215 −2.8 −.9

South Dakota..................................... − − 1,276 2,325 2,153 − −

Mountain .............................................. − − − − * − −

Montana............................................. − − − − * − −

Utah ........................................................ 22,857 18,563 21,591 20,527 19,283 23.1 4.3

New England ....................................... 90 − 17 − −− −

Connecticut ....................................... − − 17 − −− −

Massachusetts.................................... 90 − − − −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... − − 20 68 −− −

Pennsylvania ..................................... − − 20 68 −− −

East North Central ............................... 1,518 2,650 1,932 656 421 −42.7 37.8

Illinois ............................................... 1,446 2,473 1,776 369 207 −41.5 62.6

Indiana............................................... −−− 178 204 − −

Michigan ........................................... − 44 76 66 − −100.0 −

Ohio................................................... − − − − * − −

Wisconsin.......................................... 72 133 81 43 10 −45.6 63.6

West North Central.............................. 140 330 395 414 382 −57.4 −22.1

Kansas ............................................... − − * 2 −− −

Minnesota.......................................... − − 1 − −− −

Missouri............................................. 140 330 393 412 382 −57.4 −22.1

Nebraska............................................ − − − − * − −

South Atlantic ...................................... − − − − 159 − −

Florida ............................................... − − − − 155 − −

West Virginia.................................... − − − − 4 − −

East South Central ............................... 1,521 1,421 1,095 218 − 7.1 −

Tennessee .......................................... 1,521 1,421 1,095 218 − 7.1 −

West South Central.............................. − − 4 33 −− −

Texas ................................................. − − 4 33 −− −

Mountain .............................................. 16,710 11,791 15,163 15,793 15,456 41.7 2.0

Arizona.............................................. 78 69 80 86 89 13.6 −3.1

Colorado............................................ 3 2 6 4 14 56.4 −29.6

Idaho.................................................. 39 65 141 59 95 −40.0 −20.0

Montana............................................. 27 − 9 29 42 − −9.9

Nevada............................................... 2,626 2,265 2,150 2,027 1,781 15.9 10.2

Utah ................................................... 13,936 9,389 12,755 13,586 13,418 48.4 .9

Wyoming ........................................... − * 22 2 18 −100.0 −

Pacific................................................... 2,865 2,366 2,965 3,317 2,843 21.1 .2

California........................................... 2,718 2,240 2,838 3,074 2,575 21.3 1.4

Hawaii ............................................... 21 − − − −− −

Oregon............................................... 7 * 2 127 123 NM −51.4

Washington ....................................... 119 125 126 115 145 −4.8 −4.8

Washington ............................................ 4,481 4,526 4,756 4,731 4,621 −1.0 −.8

Pacific................................................... 4,481 4,526 4,756 4,731 4,621 −1.0 −.8

Oregon............................................... * 3 2 − − −87.9 −

Washington ....................................... 4,480 4,523 4,754 4,731 4,621 −.9 −.8

Wyoming ................................................ 278,255 276,723 261,333 234,016 210,739 .5 7.2

New England ....................................... −−− * 14 − −

Connecticut ....................................... −−− * −− −

Massachusetts.................................... − − − − 14 − −

East North Central ............................... 65,944 62,041 55,223 42,685 37,648 6.3 15.0

Illinois ............................................... 20,528 17,734 15,480 9,779 7,593 15.8 28.2

Indiana............................................... 16,451 18,079 18,306 15,417 12,635 −9.0 6.8

Michigan ........................................... 9,558 8,551 7,543 4,267 4,487 11.8 20.8

Ohio................................................... 1,481 37 − − − NM −

Wisconsin.......................................... 17,925 17,640 13,895 13,221 12,934 1.6 8.5

West North Central.............................. 81,627 82,593 77,051 67,523 61,641 −1.2 7.3

Iowa................................................... 17,593 18,121 16,955 15,505 15,950 −2.9 2.5

Kansas ............................................... 11,759 11,772 14,243 16,490 16,484 −.1 −8.1

Minnesota.......................................... 9,224 8,569 8,816 9,911 9,093 7.6 .4

Missouri............................................. 33,300 33,312 25,731 16,112 10,815 * 32.5

Nebraska............................................ 9,198 10,464 10,065 8,908 8,801 −12.1 1.1

North Dakota..................................... 144 * * − 5 NM 131.1

South Dakota..................................... 410 355 1,241 597 493 15.7 −4.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 103 
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

Wyoming (Continued)

South Atlantic ...................................... 6,705 7,409 7,432 5,836 938 −9.5 63.5

Florida ............................................... 971 591 − 93 − 64.3 −

Georgia.............................................. 5,688 6,818 6,796 4,914 726 −16.6 67.3

Maryland ........................................... − − 636 829 213 − −

North Carolina .................................. 40 − − − −− −

West Virginia.................................... 7 − − − −− −

East South Central ............................... 7,826 4,010 2,970 594 317 95.2 123.0

Alabama ............................................ 5,205 3,686 2,950 251 − 41.2 −

Kentucky ........................................... − − − − 248 − −

Mississippi......................................... 291 26 − − − NM −

Tennessee .......................................... 2,330 298 20 342 68 NM 141.8

West South Central.............................. 80,727 86,413 82,918 80,246 76,692 −6.6 1.3

Arkansas............................................ 11,600 14,614 14,033 12,184 10,826 −20.6 1.7

Louisiana ........................................... 9,628 9,209 10,309 11,215 11,133 4.5 −3.6

Oklahoma .......................................... 18,462 19,751 20,326 17,577 16,726 −6.5 2.5

Texas ................................................. 41,037 42,839 38,250 39,270 38,007 −4.2 1.9

Mountain .............................................. 34,418 33,363 32,950 34,935 32,195 3.2 1.7

Arizona.............................................. 57 − − − 5 − 88.4

Colorado............................................ 6,692 6,124 5,602 5,132 5,538 9.3 4.8

Idaho.................................................. 324 268 293 337 343 21.0 −1.4

Montana............................................. 572 513 193 119 37 11.5 97.9

Nevada ............................................... 17 204 342 1,014 753 −91.6 −61.2

Utah ................................................... * 1 * − −−95.3 −

Wyoming........................................... 26,756 26,253 26,521 28,334 25,519 1.9 1.2

Pacific................................................... 996 894 2,775 2,198 1,271 11.3 −5.9

California........................................... 29 − − − −− −

Oregon............................................... 966 894 1,485 2,197 1,270 8.1 −6.6

Washington ....................................... 1 1 1,290 1 1 −22.8 −19.0

U.S. Total .................................................. 995,181 967,693 940,423 949,843 883,934 2.8 3.0

New England ....................................... 6,414 5,334 5,199 4,963 4,141 20.3 11.6

Connecticut ....................................... 1,590 1,602 1,955 976 695 −.8 23.0

Maine................................................. 423 301 302 463 405 40.7 1.1

Massachusetts.................................... 3,225 2,475 2,157 2,538 1,840 30.3 15.1

New Hampshire ................................ 1,064 951 780 978 1,192 11.9 −2.8

Rhode Island ..................................... 3 3 3 3 3 −11.5 −3.1

Vermont............................................. 110 2 3 5 6 NM 108.9

Middle Atlantic.................................... 76,487 73,489 70,149 69,737 64,421 4.1 4.4

New Jersey........................................ 3,334 2,927 2,936 2,163 2,169 13.9 11.3

New York.......................................... 11,807 11,459 10,705 11,664 10,950 3.0 1.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 61,345 59,103 56,509 55,910 51,302 3.8 4.6

East North Central ............................... 237,757 228,473 212,105 214,903 196,343 4.1 4.9

Illinois ............................................... 49,647 44,547 41,626 38,745 34,433 11.4 9.6

Indiana............................................... 62,630 62,741 59,476 63,589 54,452 −.2 3.6

Michigan ........................................... 36,629 33,186 33,928 33,487 30,041 10.4 5.1

Ohio................................................... 61,990 61,713 54,310 56,850 56,755 .4 2.2

Wisconsin.......................................... 26,860 26,285 22,766 22,231 20,662 2.2 6.8

West North Central.............................. 131,862 136,573 130,836 126,407 116,337 −3.4 3.2

Iowa................................................... 20,339 21,017 19,777 18,259 18,950 −3.2 1.8

Kansas ............................................... 13,761 13,987 16,091 18,097 17,002 −1.6 −5.1

Minnesota.......................................... 18,485 18,679 19,488 20,498 18,166 −1.0 .4

Missouri............................................. 37,897 40,064 32,821 27,278 19,921 −5.4 17.4

Nebraska............................................ 9,382 10,726 10,377 9,055 9,011 −12.5 1.0

North Dakota..................................... 29,717 30,444 29,307 30,290 30,642 −2.4 −.8

South Dakota..................................... 2,281 1,657 2,976 2,929 2,646 37.6 −3.6

South Atlantic ...................................... 166,234 161,026 151,954 161,029 141,701 3.2 4.1

Delaware ........................................... 1,734 1,834 1,933 2,309 2,242 −5.5 −6.2

District of Columbia ......................... 40 23 6 47 51 72.0 −6.0

Florida ............................................... 27,692 26,285 23,505 23,757 21,446 5.3 6.6

Georgia.............................................. 29,597 29,074 29,730 30,497 25,101 1.8 4.2

Maryland ........................................... 10,489 10,762 10,596 10,959 10,063 −2.5 1.0

North Carolina .................................. 26,505 27,414 24,149 26,199 25,621 −3.3 .8

South Carolina .................................. 13,761 13,373 11,745 13,454 11,749 2.9 4.0

Virginia ............................................. 18,479 16,214 15,225 16,735 16,084 14.0 3.5

West Virginia.................................... 37,938 36,047 35,065 37,071 29,343 5.2 6.6

East South Central ............................... 108,478 105,708 104,194 99,350 97,057 2.6 2.8

Alabama ............................................ 32,056 33,057 31,440 30,210 28,698 −3.0 2.8

See footnotes at end of table.

104 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 61. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change

 and State 1996-1997 1993-1997

U.S. Total (Continued)

Kentucky ........................................... 33,209 34,438 37,382 35,636 35,461 −3.6 −1.6

Mississippi......................................... 6,141 5,702 4,516 4,446 3,421 7.7 15.8

Tennessee .......................................... 37,071 32,510 30,856 29,057 29,477 14.0 5.9

West South Central.............................. 143,816 145,394 144,435 142,136 139,664 −1.1 .7

Arkansas............................................ 11,921 14,918 14,317 12,501 11,094 −20.1 1.8

Louisiana ........................................... 14,663 13,526 14,267 15,844 14,524 8.4 .2

Oklahoma .......................................... 19,879 21,584 22,210 19,210 18,777 −7.9 1.4

Texas ................................................. 97,353 95,367 93,642 94,581 95,269 2.1 .5

Mountain .............................................. 113,046 101,497 107,497 115,311 109,200 11.4 .9

Arizona.............................................. 17,351 15,785 16,401 19,169 19,039 9.9 −2.3

Colorado............................................ 19,022 16,920 17,502 17,274 16,821 12.4 3.1

Idaho.................................................. 363 333 440 400 438 9.1 −4.6

Montana ............................................. 9,617 8,359 9,678 10,729 9,194 15.1 1.1

Nevada............................................... 7,110 7,072 7,479 7,777 7,621 .5 −1.7

New Mexico...................................... 15,885 15,097 14,727 15,549 15,022 5.2 1.4

Utah ................................................... 16,775 11,175 14,602 16,015 15,493 50.1 2.0

Wyoming........................................... 26,922 26,757 26,668 28,399 25,571 .6 1.3

Pacific................................................... 9,596 8,790 11,962 12,228 10,791 9.2 −2.9

Alaska................................................ 743 697 815 789 855 6.7 −3.4

California........................................... 2,794 2,240 2,839 3,096 2,608 24.7 1.7

Hawaii ............................................... 21 − − − −− −

Oregon............................................... 1,079 1,028 1,518 2,347 1,761 5.0 −11.5

Washington ....................................... 4,958 4,825 6,790 5,996 5,567 2.8 −2.9

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Destination State totals may not sum to the Coal-Producing State totals due to unknown or unavailable Destination State(s). Totals may not

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 105 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

Alabama .................................................... 5,813 4,864 6,032 4,529 5,888 19.5 −0.3

Argentina ................................................ 259 216 306 268 319 20.1 −5.0

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 898 703 574 627 866 27.8 .9

Brazil ....................................................... 901 566 564 42 193 59.2 47.1

Bulgaria ................................................... 244 208 128 35 109 17.2 22.4

China (Taiwan)....................................... − − − − 42 − −

Denmark.................................................. − − 26 − −− −

Egypt....................................................... − − 111 − −− −

France ...................................................... −−− * −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 224 184 201 − − 21.6 −

Italy ......................................................... 491 659 930 565 429 −25.5 3.4

Japan ....................................................... 459 861 1,358 1,266 2,202 −46.7 −32.4

Morocco .................................................. − − − − 39 − −

Netherlands ............................................. 303 73 276 88 − 312.9 −

Romania .................................................. 274 170 492 602 171 61.8 12.6

South Africa, Rep of .............................. − 57 − − −−100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 200 52 48 27 − 285.2 −

Turkey..................................................... 408 326 302 137 253 25.2 12.7

United Kingdom ..................................... 1,151 789 717 872 1,266 45.9 −2.3

Alaska........................................................ 680 776 855 716 743 −12.4 −2.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 662 776 855 716 743 −14.7 −2.8

Russia...................................................... 18 − − − −− −

Colorado.................................................... 1,512 1,415 900 752 1,128 6.8 7.6

China (Taiwan)....................................... 73 219 235 134 − −66.9 −

Hong Kong ............................................. −−− 46 −− −

Israel........................................................ − 30 − − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 287 343 651 395 918 −16.5 −25.3

Korea, Republic of ................................. − 65 − 177 209 −100.0 −

Mexico .................................................... 1,152 758 − − − 52.1 −

Turkey..................................................... − − 14 − −− −

Illinois........................................................ 773 1,886 2,699 236 670 −59.0 3.6

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − 76 − − −−100.0 −

Brazil....................................................... − 1 − − − −100.0 −

Denmark.................................................. − 364 516 − − −100.0 −

France...................................................... − − 57 − −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 56 325 722 − − −82.8 −

Ireland ..................................................... − − − − 108 − −

Italy ......................................................... − − 42 − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 55 66 49 236 109 −17.3 −15.9

Morocco .................................................. − 103 775 − 452 −100.0 −

Netherlands ............................................. − 120 − − − −100.0 −

Sweden.................................................... − 25 − − − −100.0 −

United Kingdom ..................................... 662 805 538 − − −17.8 −

Kentucky ................................................... 7,220 9,143 9,695 7,167 9,521 −21.0 −6.7

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 54 67 366 472 493 −18.4 −42.3

Brazil....................................................... − − 52 23 392 − −

Canada .................................................... 739 1,178 777 1,099 1,416 −37.3 −15.0

China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,292 1,978 2,397 2,643 3,625 15.9 −10.8

Denmark.................................................. − − − − 33 − −

Finland .................................................... − 4 − − 2 −100.0 −

France...................................................... 569 548 262 146 665 3.9 −3.8

Germany, FR .......................................... − − 187 − −− −

Iceland ..................................................... 107 119 76 7 − −10.1 −

Ireland ..................................................... − − 58 − 16 − −

Israel........................................................ − − 217 − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 182 1,745 1,714 805 719 −89.6 −29.1

Jamaica.................................................... 56 17 62 26 39 233.6 9.9

Japan ....................................................... 223 93 53 100 269 141.0 −4.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 795 1,876 1,523 1,163 1,256 −57.6 −10.8

Netherlands ............................................. 1,364 581 621 268 241 134.7 54.3

Norway.................................................... 198 140 142 74 91 42.0 21.6

Portugal ................................................... − 229 − 24 − −100.0 −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 48 22 − − − 114.4 −

Spain ....................................................... − − 231 − −− −

Sweden .................................................... −−− 16 195 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

106 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

Kentucky (Continued)

Turkey..................................................... − − 197 − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 592 548 758 301 70 8.0 70.3

Pennsylvania ............................................. 8,698 9,246 8,279 6,301 5,508 −5.9 12.1

Argentina ................................................ − − − − 46 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 146 − − 29 −− −

Brazil....................................................... 715 261 380 338 156 174.1 46.4

Bulgaria................................................... − − − − 71 − −

Canada .................................................... 2,612 1,050 713 844 597 148.7 44.6

Croatia..................................................... − − − − 159 − −

Denmark.................................................. 467 801 1,589 508 187 −41.7 25.8

Dominican Republic............................... 64 50 18 65 59 27.6 2.0

Finland .................................................... 229 283 544 71 56 −18.9 42.4

France ...................................................... − 89 9 − 188 −100.0 −

Germany, FR .......................................... 135 256 383 197 102 −47.0 7.3

Greece ..................................................... − 491 − − − −100.0 −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,116 1,067 1,161 1,015 911 4.6 5.2

Israel........................................................ 861 1,068 995 922 940 −19.4 −2.2

Italy ......................................................... − 89 − 601 50 −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 903 1,057 916 834 1,384 −14.6 −10.1

Korea, Republic of ................................. 175 195 109 214 91 −9.9 17.8

Morocco .................................................. 118 173 − − − −31.8 −

Netherlands ............................................. 482 732 593 261 − −34.1 −

Norway.................................................... 11 30 28 14 30 −61.6 −21.9

Peru ......................................................... 13 − − − −− −

Portugal................................................... 261 592 472 378 467 −55.9 −13.5

Saudi Arabia ........................................... − − − − * − −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 384 112 −−− 242.2 −

Spain ....................................................... − − 18 − −− −

Surinam................................................... − − − − * − −

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−−− 1 − −

Turkey..................................................... − − 43 − −− −

United Arab Emirates............................. −−−− * − −

United Kingdom ..................................... − 851 299 − * −100.0 −

Venezuela................................................ 5 1 9 11 15 373.1 −23.8

Utah ........................................................... 3,414 5,305 3,930 2,698 2,959 −35.6 3.6

Canada .................................................... − − − − 346 − −

Chile........................................................ 38 445 170 − − −91.4 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 597 648 323 321 849 −7.8 −8.4

Ecuador ................................................... 38 − − − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 2,499 4,058 3,000 2,377 1,764 −38.4 9.1

Korea, Republic of ................................. 242 154 438 − − 56.4 −

Virginia ..................................................... 12,841 13,432 9,742 11,683 14,251 −4.4 −2.6

Algeria .................................................... 299 206 166 269 344 45.1 −3.5

Argentina ................................................ −−− 53 52 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 945 1,078 764 884 1,147 −12.4 −4.7

Brazil....................................................... 1,347 1,228 1,091 1,218 1,741 9.8 −6.2

Bulgaria................................................... − − − − 242 − −

Canada .................................................... 508 387 445 786 1,229 31.0 −19.8

China (Taiwan)....................................... 180 − − 15 * − NM

Croatia..................................................... − − − − 251 − −

Egypt....................................................... 178 835 333 436 234 −78.6 −6.5

Finland .................................................... 55 − − − −− −

France...................................................... 984 910 625 563 737 8.0 7.5

Germany, FR .......................................... 93 − 68 9 50 − 16.6

Italy ......................................................... 2,318 2,198 1,474 1,804 1,364 5.5 14.2

Japan ....................................................... 1,508 2,300 1,796 2,114 2,410 −34.4 −11.1

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,272 466 589 539 853 173.1 10.5

Netherlands ............................................. 650 1,193 793 766 1,009 −45.5 −10.4

Portugal ................................................... 62 145 105 91 − −57.5 −

Romania .................................................. 72 32 − 223 − 122.1 −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. − 76 − − −−100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 1,361 1,370 847 1,297 1,682 −.6 −5.2

Sweden .................................................... − 185 115 37 − −100.0 −

Turkey..................................................... 81 24 − − − 232.1 −

United Kingdom ..................................... 928 798 531 579 905 16.3 .6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 107 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

West Virginia ........................................... 38,459 42,044 44,321 36,205 33,159 −8.5 3.8

Algeria .................................................... −−− * −− −

Argentina ................................................ −−− 35 132 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 1,463 2,182 2,020 2,312 2,209 −33.0 −9.8

Brazil....................................................... 3,929 4,256 4,329 4,109 2,496 −7.7 12.0

Bulgaria................................................... 1,008 1,214 1,360 1,571 644 −17.0 11.9

Canada .................................................... 8,291 7,222 5,784 5,644 4,108 14.8 19.2

Chile........................................................ 25 195 118 − − −86.9 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 188 353 355 284 141 −46.8 7.3

Croatia ..................................................... − − 72 − 63 − −

Denmark .................................................. 70 − 189 − 168 − −19.6

Egypt....................................................... 807 303 714 593 601 166.2 7.7

Finland .................................................... 324 507 792 375 212 −36.0 11.3

France...................................................... 2,579 3,676 4,408 3,514 3,400 −29.8 −6.7

Germany, FR .......................................... 453 943 1,107 382 635 −51.9 −8.1

India ........................................................ − 11 − − − −100.0 −

Ireland ..................................................... − − − − 117 − −

Israel........................................................ 211 375 − − − −43.8 −

Italy ......................................................... 3,879 4,965 5,138 3,634 3,815 −21.9 .4

Jamaica.................................................... 8 36 − − − −78.6 −

Japan ....................................................... 2,585 2,062 3,431 2,595 2,691 25.4 −1.0

Korea, Republic of ................................. 829 1,050 1,013 523 318 −21.1 27.1

Mexico .................................................... 25 − − − −− −

Morocco .................................................. 96 1,111 275 101 79 −91.4 4.9

Netherlands ............................................. 2,425 1,636 3,628 3,340 3,205 48.3 −6.7

Nigeria .................................................... − − − − 43 − −

Portugal ................................................... 889 1,128 1,390 674 1,144 −21.1 −6.1

Romania .................................................. 1,737 1,315 1,623 925 820 32.1 20.6

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 706 947 946 771 577 −25.4 5.1

Spain ....................................................... 758 887 1,084 1,255 1,211 −14.6 −11.1

Sweden.................................................... 657 882 1,352 886 603 −25.5 2.2

Turkey..................................................... 1,295 1,655 1,560 1,468 1,370 −21.8 −1.4

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,223 3,133 1,633 1,212 2,359 2.9 8.1

Wyoming ................................................... 2,541 2,395 2,269 1,524 974 6.1 27.1

Canada .................................................... 818 443 32 − − 84.5 −

Japan ....................................................... − − − − * − −

Netherlands ............................................. − 63 − − − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 1,723 1,889 2,237 1,524 974 −8.8 15.3

Major States Total................................... 81,950 90,506 88,722 71,811 74,801 −9.4 2.3

Algeria .................................................... 299 206 166 269 344 45.1 −3.5

Argentina ................................................ 259 216 306 356 548 20.1 −17.1

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 3,506 4,106 3,724 4,324 4,715 −14.6 −7.1

Brazil....................................................... 6,892 6,312 6,416 5,730 4,977 9.2 8.5

Bulgaria................................................... 1,252 1,422 1,488 1,607 1,065 −12.0 4.1

Canada .................................................... 12,967 10,280 7,750 8,373 7,696 26.1 13.9

Chile........................................................ 64 640 287 − − −90.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 3,330 3,197 3,310 3,397 4,656 4.1 −8.0

Croatia ..................................................... − − 72 − 473 − −

Denmark.................................................. 538 1,165 2,320 508 388 −53.9 8.5

Dominican Republic............................... 64 50 18 65 59 27.6 2.0

Ecuador ................................................... 38 − − − −− −

Egypt....................................................... 985 1,138 1,158 1,029 834 −13.4 4.3

Finland .................................................... 609 794 1,337 446 269 −23.3 22.6

France...................................................... 4,132 5,223 5,362 4,223 4,990 −20.9 −4.6

Germany, FR .......................................... 962 1,708 2,668 588 787 −43.7 5.1

Greece ..................................................... − 491 − − − −100.0 −

Hong Kong ............................................. −−− 46 −− −

Iceland ..................................................... 107 119 76 7 − −10.1 −

India ........................................................ − 11 − − − −100.0 −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,116 1,067 1,219 1,015 1,152 4.6 −.8

Israel........................................................ 1,071 1,473 1,212 922 940 −27.3 3.3

Italy ......................................................... 6,869 9,656 9,298 7,409 6,377 −28.9 1.9

Jamaica.................................................... 64 53 62 26 39 21.4 13.5

Japan ....................................................... 8,518 10,840 11,254 9,918 11,747 −21.4 −7.7

Korea, Republic of ................................. 3,974 4,582 4,526 3,332 3,470 −13.3 3.4

Mexico .................................................... 1,177 758 − − − 55.4 −

See footnotes at end of table.

108 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

Major States Total (Continued)

Morocco .................................................. 214 1,388 1,050 101 571 −84.6 −21.8

Netherlands ............................................. 5,224 4,398 5,911 4,723 4,455 18.8 4.1

Nigeria .................................................... − − − − 43 − −

Norway .................................................... 210 169 170 88 121 23.9 14.7

Peru ......................................................... 13 − − − −− −

Portugal................................................... 1,212 2,094 1,967 1,167 1,611 −42.1 −6.9

Romania .................................................. 2,083 1,517 2,115 1,750 991 37.3 20.4

Russia...................................................... 18 − − − −− −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 48 22 − − * 114.4 NM

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,090 1,192 946 771 577 −8.6 17.2

Spain ....................................................... 4,042 4,197 4,465 4,103 3,867 −3.7 1.1

Surinam................................................... − − − − * − −

Sweden.................................................... 657 1,091 1,466 939 798 −39.8 −4.8

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−−− 1 − −

Turkey..................................................... 1,784 2,005 2,116 1,606 1,623 −11.0 2.4

United Arab Emirates............................. −−−− * − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 6,556 6,925 4,476 2,963 4,600 −5.3 9.3

Venezuela................................................ 5 1 9 11 15 373.1 −23.8

Other States Total ................................... 1,270 1,693 1,185 870 709 −25.0 15.7

Brazil....................................................... − − 188 184 295 − −

Canada .................................................... 438 319 273 93 55 37.5 68.2

Ireland ..................................................... − 80 − − 11 −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 25 − − − −− −

Mexico .................................................... − − 498 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... −−− 153 −− −

Unknown................................................. 806 1,294 226 439 348 −37.7 23.3

U.S. Total .................................................. 83,220 92,199 89,907 72,680 75,510 −9.7 2.5

Algeria .................................................... 299 206 166 269 344 45.1 −3.5

Argentina ................................................ 259 216 306 356 548 20.1 −17.1

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 3,506 4,106 3,724 4,324 4,715 −14.6 −7.1

Brazil....................................................... 6,892 6,312 6,605 5,914 5,271 9.2 6.9

Bulgaria................................................... 1,252 1,422 1,488 1,607 1,065 −12.0 4.1

Canada .................................................... 13,405 10,599 8,023 8,467 7,751 26.5 14.7

Chile........................................................ 64 640 287 − − −90.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 3,330 3,197 3,310 3,397 4,656 4.1 −8.0

Croatia ..................................................... − − 72 − 473 − −

Denmark.................................................. 538 1,165 2,320 508 388 −53.9 8.5

Dominican Republic............................... 64 50 18 65 59 27.6 2.0

Ecuador ................................................... 38 − − − −− −

Egypt....................................................... 985 1,138 1,158 1,029 834 −13.4 4.3

Finland .................................................... 609 794 1,337 446 269 −23.3 22.6

France...................................................... 4,132 5,223 5,362 4,223 4,990 −20.9 −4.6

Germany, FR .......................................... 962 1,708 2,668 588 787 −43.7 5.1

Greece ..................................................... − 491 − − − −100.0 −

Hong Kong ............................................. −−− 46 −− −

Iceland ..................................................... 107 119 76 7 − −10.1 −

India ........................................................ − 11 − − − −100.0 −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,116 1,147 1,219 1,015 1,163 −2.7 −1.0

Israel........................................................ 1,071 1,473 1,212 922 940 −27.3 3.3

Italy ......................................................... 6,869 9,656 9,298 7,409 6,377 −28.9 1.9

Jamaica.................................................... 64 53 62 26 39 21.4 13.5

Japan ....................................................... 8,544 10,840 11,254 9,918 11,747 −21.2 −7.6

Korea, Republic of ................................. 3,974 4,582 4,526 3,332 3,470 −13.3 3.4

Mexico .................................................... 1,177 758 498 − − 55.4 −

Morocco .................................................. 214 1,388 1,050 101 571 −84.6 −21.8

Netherlands ............................................. 5,224 4,398 5,911 4,723 4,455 18.8 4.1

Nigeria .................................................... − − − − 43 − −

Norway .................................................... 210 169 170 88 121 23.9 14.7

Peru ......................................................... 13 − − − −− −

Portugal................................................... 1,212 2,094 1,967 1,167 1,611 −42.1 −6.9

Romania .................................................. 2,083 1,517 2,115 1,750 991 37.3 20.4

Russia...................................................... 18 − − − −− −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 48 22 − − * 114.4 NM

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,090 1,192 946 771 577 −8.6 17.2

Spain ....................................................... 4,042 4,197 4,465 4,256 3,867 −3.7 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 109 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

U.S. Total (Continued)

Surinam................................................... − − − − * − −

Sweden.................................................... 657 1,091 1,466 939 798 −39.8 −4.8

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−−− 1 − −

Turkey..................................................... 1,784 2,005 2,116 1,606 1,623 −11.0 2.4

United Arab Emirates............................. −−−− * − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 6,556 6,925 4,476 2,963 4,600 −5.3 9.3

Venezuela................................................ 5 1 9 11 15 373.1 −23.8

Unknown................................................. 806 1,294 226 439 348 −37.7 23.3

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1997. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

110 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

Alabama .................................................... 5,699 4,523 5,330 4,359 5,846 26.0 −0.6

Argentina ................................................ 259 216 306 268 319 20.1 −5.0

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 898 703 574 627 866 27.8 .9

Brazil ....................................................... 901 566 564 42 193 59.2 47.1

Bulgaria ................................................... 244 208 128 35 109 17.2 22.4

China (Taiwan)....................................... − − − − 42 − −

Egypt....................................................... − − 111 − −− −

France ...................................................... −−− * −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 224 184 201 − − 21.6 −

Italy ......................................................... 377 318 314 421 429 18.5 −3.2

Japan ....................................................... 459 861 1,358 1,266 2,199 −46.7 −32.4

Netherlands ............................................. 303 73 217 88 − 312.9 −

Romania .................................................. 274 170 492 602 171 61.8 12.6

South Africa, Rep of .............................. − 57 − − −−100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 200 52 48 − − 285.2 −

Turkey..................................................... 408 326 302 137 253 25.2 12.7

United Kingdom ..................................... 1,151 789 717 872 1,266 45.9 −2.3

Colorado.................................................... − 30 − − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... − 30 − − − −100.0 −

Illinois........................................................ − − 49 236 109 − −100.0

Japan ....................................................... − − 49 236 109 − −

Kentucky ................................................... 4,762 5,303 3,640 3,120 4,415 −10.2 1.9

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 54 67 − 66 56 −18.4 −.6

Brazil....................................................... − − 52 23 392 − −

Canada .................................................... 739 1,178 777 1,073 1,356 −37.3 −14.1

China (Taiwan)....................................... 181 − 76 98 140 − 6.7

France...................................................... 569 548 262 146 400 3.9 9.2

Germany, FR .......................................... − − 93 − −− −

Iceland ..................................................... 107 119 76 7 − −10.1 −

Italy ......................................................... − 132 − 42 − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 223 93 53 67 219 141.0 .5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 795 1,876 1,523 1,163 1,256 −57.6 −10.8

Netherlands ............................................. 1,255 581 102 45 241 115.9 51.1

Norway.................................................... 198 140 142 74 91 42.0 21.6

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 48 22 − − − 114.4 −

Sweden .................................................... −−− 16 195 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 592 548 483 301 70 8.0 70.3

Pennsylvania ............................................. 2,105 1,642 1,467 1,624 1,919 28.3 2.3

Argentina ................................................ − − − − 46 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ −−− 29 −− −

Brazil....................................................... 713 258 371 333 148 176.0 48.1

Bulgaria................................................... − − − − 71 − −

Canada .................................................... − − 4 − 10 − −

Croatia..................................................... − − − − 114 − −

Dominican Republic............................... −−− 23 −− −

Finland .................................................... − − − − 56 − −

France...................................................... − 89 − − − −100.0 −

Germany, FR .......................................... − − 66 174 −− −

Japan ....................................................... 903 920 916 834 1,384 −1.9 −10.1

Korea, Republic of ................................. 106 101 109 214 91 5.1 3.8

Netherlands ............................................. − 162 − 17 − −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 384 112 −−− 242.2 −

Utah ........................................................... 97 187 − − − −47.9 −

Japan ....................................................... 97 187 − − − −47.9 −

Virginia ..................................................... 12,288 12,760 8,921 11,155 13,747 −3.7 −2.8

Algeria .................................................... 299 206 166 269 344 45.1 −3.5

Argentina ................................................ −−− 53 52 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 945 1,078 764 884 1,147 −12.4 −4.7

Brazil....................................................... 1,347 1,228 1,091 1,218 1,741 9.8 −6.2

Bulgaria................................................... − − − − 242 − −

Canada .................................................... 508 387 445 786 1,229 31.0 −19.8

China (Taiwan)....................................... 180 − − 15 * − NM

Croatia..................................................... − − − − 251 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 111 
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

Virginia (Continued)

Egypt....................................................... 178 835 333 436 234 −78.6 −6.5

Finland .................................................... 55 − − − −− −

France...................................................... 984 910 625 563 737 8.0 7.5

Germany, FR .......................................... 93 − 68 9 50 − 16.6

Italy ......................................................... 1,776 1,696 758 1,445 951 4.8 16.9

Japan ....................................................... 1,508 2,300 1,796 2,037 2,355 −34.4 −10.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,272 466 589 539 853 173.1 10.5

Netherlands ............................................. 650 1,193 793 766 973 −45.5 −9.6

Portugal................................................... 62 − − − −− −

Romania .................................................. 72 32 − 223 − 122.1 −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. − 76 − − −−100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 1,350 1,370 847 1,297 1,682 −1.5 −5.4

Sweden .................................................... − 185 115 37 − −100.0 −

Turkey..................................................... 81 − − − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 928 798 531 579 905 16.3 .6

West Virginia ........................................... 30,327 31,717 34,633 31,603 26,504 −4.4 3.4

Algeria .................................................... −−− * −− −

Argentina ................................................ −−− 35 132 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 822 1,261 1,175 1,302 1,396 −34.8 −12.4

Brazil....................................................... 3,927 4,247 4,329 4,109 2,496 −7.5 12.0

Bulgaria................................................... 1,008 1,152 1,360 1,571 644 −12.5 11.9

Canada .................................................... 6,956 6,907 5,759 5,605 4,071 .7 14.3

Chile........................................................ − 43 − − − −100.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 188 353 355 284 141 −46.8 7.3

Croatia..................................................... − − − − 63 − −

Egypt....................................................... 807 303 714 593 601 166.2 7.7

Finland .................................................... 324 507 683 375 212 −36.0 11.3

France...................................................... 2,286 2,859 3,594 3,514 2,864 −20.0 −5.5

Germany, FR .......................................... 419 584 254 382 286 −28.3 10.0

India ........................................................ − 11 − − − −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 2,084 2,361 2,873 2,927 3,111 −11.7 −9.5

Japan ....................................................... 2,585 2,062 3,222 2,148 2,260 25.4 3.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 829 1,050 1,013 523 318 −21.1 27.1

Mexico .................................................... 25 − − − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 1,977 1,223 1,523 1,717 2,014 61.7 −.5

Nigeria .................................................... − − − − 43 − −

Portugal ................................................... 118 164 33 − 151 −28.1 −6.0

Romania .................................................. 1,737 1,315 1,623 925 820 32.1 20.6

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 706 947 946 771 577 −25.4 5.1

Spain ....................................................... 681 818 1,084 1,255 1,071 −16.8 −10.7

Sweden.................................................... 657 882 1,352 886 603 −25.5 2.2

Turkey..................................................... 1,295 1,643 1,560 1,468 1,370 −21.2 −1.4

United Kingdom ..................................... 897 1,024 1,182 1,212 1,261 −12.5 −8.2

Major States Total................................... 55,278 56,162 54,039 52,098 52,541 −1.6 1.3

Algeria .................................................... 299 206 166 269 344 45.1 −3.5

Argentina ................................................ 259 216 306 356 548 20.1 −17.1

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 2,719 3,109 2,513 2,908 3,465 −12.5 −5.9

Brazil....................................................... 6,888 6,298 6,407 5,725 4,969 9.4 8.5

Bulgaria................................................... 1,252 1,361 1,488 1,607 1,065 −8.0 4.1

Canada .................................................... 8,203 8,472 6,986 7,464 6,666 −3.2 5.3

Chile........................................................ − 43 − − − −100.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 549 353 431 397 323 55.6 14.2

Croatia..................................................... − − − − 428 − −

Dominican Republic............................... −−− 23 −− −

Egypt....................................................... 985 1,138 1,158 1,029 834 −13.4 4.3

Finland .................................................... 379 507 683 375 267 −25.2 9.1

France...................................................... 3,839 4,406 4,481 4,223 4,001 −12.9 −1.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 736 769 681 565 336 −4.3 21.7

Iceland ..................................................... 107 119 76 7 − −10.1 −

India ........................................................ − 11 − − − −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 4,238 4,507 3,944 4,836 4,491 −6.0 −1.4

Japan ....................................................... 5,775 6,453 7,395 6,588 8,525 −10.5 −9.3

Korea, Republic of ................................. 3,001 3,493 3,234 2,438 2,517 −14.1 4.5

Mexico .................................................... 25 − − − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 4,185 3,233 2,635 2,633 3,228 29.5 6.7

See footnotes at end of table.

112 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 63. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

Major States Total (Continued)

Nigeria .................................................... − − − − 43 − −

Norway.................................................... 198 140 142 74 91 42.0 21.6

Portugal ................................................... 179 164 33 − 151 9.5 4.4

Romania .................................................. 2,083 1,517 2,115 1,750 991 37.3 20.4

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 48 22 − − − 114.4 −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,090 1,192 946 771 577 −8.6 17.2

Spain ....................................................... 2,231 2,240 1,979 2,552 2,754 −.4 −5.1

Sweden.................................................... 657 1,066 1,466 939 798 −38.4 −4.8

Turkey..................................................... 1,784 1,969 1,862 1,606 1,623 −9.4 2.4

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,568 3,160 2,913 2,963 3,503 12.9 .5

Other States Total ................................... − − 188 184 295 − −100.0

Brazil....................................................... − − 188 184 295 − −

U.S. Total .................................................. 55,278 56,162 54,228 52,282 52,835 −1.6 1.1

Algeria .................................................... 299 206 166 269 344 45.1 −3.5

Argentina ................................................ 259 216 306 356 548 20.1 −17.1

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 2,719 3,109 2,513 2,908 3,465 −12.5 −5.9

Brazil....................................................... 6,888 6,298 6,596 5,909 5,264 9.4 6.9

Bulgaria................................................... 1,252 1,361 1,488 1,607 1,065 −8.0 4.1

Canada .................................................... 8,203 8,472 6,986 7,464 6,666 −3.2 5.3

Chile........................................................ − 43 − − − −100.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 549 353 431 397 323 55.6 14.2

Croatia..................................................... − − − − 428 − −

Dominican Republic............................... −−− 23 −− −

Egypt....................................................... 985 1,138 1,158 1,029 834 −13.4 4.3

Finland .................................................... 379 507 683 375 267 −25.2 9.1

France...................................................... 3,839 4,406 4,481 4,223 4,001 −12.9 −1.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 736 769 681 565 336 −4.3 21.7

Iceland ..................................................... 107 119 76 7 − −10.1 −

India ........................................................ − 11 − − − −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 4,238 4,507 3,944 4,836 4,491 −6.0 −1.4

Japan ....................................................... 5,775 6,453 7,395 6,588 8,525 −10.5 −9.3

Korea, Republic of ................................. 3,001 3,493 3,234 2,438 2,517 −14.1 4.5

Mexico .................................................... 25 − − − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. 4,185 3,233 2,635 2,633 3,228 29.5 6.7

Nigeria .................................................... − − − − 43 − −

Norway.................................................... 198 140 142 74 91 42.0 21.6

Portugal ................................................... 179 164 33 − 151 9.5 4.4

Romania .................................................. 2,083 1,517 2,115 1,750 991 37.3 20.4

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 48 22 − − − 114.4 −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,090 1,192 946 771 577 −8.6 17.2

Spain ....................................................... 2,231 2,240 1,979 2,552 2,754 −.4 −5.1

Sweden.................................................... 657 1,066 1,466 939 798 −38.4 −4.8

Turkey..................................................... 1,784 1,969 1,862 1,606 1,623 −9.4 2.4

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,568 3,160 2,913 2,963 3,503 12.9 .5

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1997. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 113 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

Alabama .................................................... 114 341 702 170 43 −66.6 27.7

Denmark.................................................. − − 26 − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 114 341 617 144 − −66.6 −

Japan ....................................................... − − − − 3 − −

Morocco .................................................. − − − − 39 − −

Netherlands ............................................. − − 59 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... −−− 27 −− −

Alaska........................................................ 680 776 855 716 743 −12.4 −2.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 662 776 855 716 743 −14.7 −2.8

Russia...................................................... 18 − − − −− −

Colorado.................................................... 1,512 1,385 900 752 1,128 9.1 7.6

China (Taiwan)....................................... 73 219 235 134 − −66.9 −

Hong Kong ............................................. −−− 46 −− −

Israel........................................................ − 30 − − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 287 314 651 395 918 −8.6 −25.3

Korea, Republic of ................................. − 65 − 177 209 −100.0 −

Mexico .................................................... 1,152 758 − − − 52.1 −

Turkey..................................................... − − 14 − −− −

Illinois ........................................................ 773 1,886 2,650 − 561 −59.0 8.4

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − 76 − − −−100.0 −

Brazil....................................................... − 1 − − − −100.0 −

Denmark.................................................. − 364 516 − − −100.0 −

France...................................................... − − 57 − −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 56 325 722 − − −82.8 −

Ireland ..................................................... − − − − 108 − −

Italy ......................................................... − − 42 − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 55 66 − − − −17.3 −

Morocco .................................................. − 103 775 − 452 −100.0 −

Netherlands ............................................. − 120 − − − −100.0 −

Sweden.................................................... − 25 − − − −100.0 −

United Kingdom ..................................... 662 805 538 − − −17.8 −

Kentucky ................................................... 2,458 3,841 6,055 4,047 5,106 −36.0 −16.7

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − − 366 406 437 − −

Canada .................................................... −−− 26 60 − −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,111 1,978 2,321 2,545 3,485 6.7 −11.8

Denmark.................................................. − − − − 33 − −

Finland .................................................... − 4 − − 2 −100.0 −

France...................................................... − − − − 266 − −

Germany, FR .......................................... − − 95 − −− −

Ireland ..................................................... − − 58 − 16 − −

Israel........................................................ − − 217 − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 182 1,613 1,714 763 719 −88.7 −29.1

Jamaica.................................................... 56 17 62 26 39 233.6 9.9

Japan ....................................................... −−− 33 50 − −

Netherlands ............................................. 109 − 519 223 −− −

Portugal ................................................... − 229 − 24 − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... − − 231 − −− −

Turkey..................................................... − − 197 − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... − − 275 − −− −

Pennsylvania ............................................. 6,593 7,604 6,812 4,677 3,589 −13.3 16.4

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 146 − − − −− −

Brazil....................................................... 2 3 9 5 7 −11.3 −25.6

Canada .................................................... 2,612 1,050 708 844 587 148.7 45.2

Croatia..................................................... − − − − 45 − −

Denmark.................................................. 467 801 1,589 508 187 −41.7 25.8

Dominican Republic............................... 64 50 18 42 59 27.6 2.0

Finland .................................................... 229 283 544 71 − −18.9 −

France ...................................................... − − 9 − 188 − −

Germany, FR .......................................... 135 256 317 23 102 −47.0 7.3

Greece ..................................................... − 491 − − − −100.0 −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,116 1,067 1,161 1,015 911 4.6 5.2

Israel........................................................ 861 1,068 995 922 940 −19.4 −2.2

Italy ......................................................... − 89 − 601 50 −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... − 136 − − − −100.0 −

See footnotes at end of table.

114 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

Pennsylvania (Continued)

Korea, Republic of ................................. 70 94 − − −−25.9 −

Morocco .................................................. 118 173 − − − −31.8 −

Netherlands ............................................. 482 570 593 244 − −15.5 −

Norway.................................................... 11 30 28 14 30 −61.6 −21.9

Peru ......................................................... 13 − − − −− −

Portugal................................................... 261 592 472 378 467 −55.9 −13.5

Saudi Arabia ........................................... − − − − * − −

Spain ....................................................... − − 18 − −− −

Surinam................................................... − − − − * − −

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−−− 1 − −

Turkey..................................................... − − 43 − −− −

United Arab Emirates............................. −−−− * − −

United Kingdom ..................................... − 851 299 − * −100.0 −

Venezuela................................................ 5 1 9 11 15 373.1 −23.8

Utah ........................................................... 3,317 5,118 3,930 2,698 2,959 −35.2 2.9

Canada .................................................... − − − − 346 − −

Chile........................................................ 38 445 170 − − −91.4 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 597 648 323 321 849 −7.8 −8.4

Ecuador ................................................... 38 − − − −− −

Japan ....................................................... 2,402 3,871 3,000 2,377 1,764 −38.0 8.0

Korea, Republic of ................................. 242 154 438 − − 56.4 −

Virginia ..................................................... 553 671 821 527 503 −17.6 2.4

Italy ......................................................... 542 502 716 359 413 7.9 7.0

Japan ....................................................... −−− 77 55 − −

Netherlands ............................................. − − − − 36 − −

Portugal ................................................... − 145 105 91 − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 11 − − − −− −

Turkey..................................................... − 24 − − − −100.0 −

West Virginia ........................................... 8,132 10,327 9,688 4,602 6,655 −21.3 5.1

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 641 921 845 1,010 813 −30.4 −5.8

Brazil ....................................................... 2 10 * − −−80.8 −

Bulgaria................................................... − 62 − − − −100.0 −

Canada .................................................... 1,335 315 25 40 37 323.3 145.3

Chile........................................................ 25 152 118 − − −83.3 −

Croatia..................................................... − − 72 − −− −

Denmark .................................................. 70 − 189 − 168 − −19.6

Finland .................................................... − − 109 − −− −

France ...................................................... 293 817 815 − 536 −64.1 −14.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 35 358 854 − 349 −90.3 −43.8

Ireland ..................................................... − − − − 117 − −

Israel........................................................ 211 375 − − − −43.8 −

Italy ......................................................... 1,794 2,604 2,266 707 705 −31.1 26.3

Jamaica.................................................... 8 36 − − − −78.6 −

Japan ....................................................... − − 209 448 431 − −

Morocco .................................................. 96 1,111 275 101 79 −91.4 4.9

Netherlands ............................................. 448 413 2,105 1,623 1,191 8.6 −21.7

Portugal................................................... 771 964 1,357 674 993 −20.0 −6.1

Spain ....................................................... 77 69 − − 140 11.6 −13.9

Turkey..................................................... − 12 − − − −100.0 −

United Kingdom ..................................... 2,326 2,109 451 − 1,097 10.3 20.7

Wyoming ................................................... 2,541 2,395 2,269 1,524 974 6.1 27.1

Canada .................................................... 818 443 32 − − 84.5 −

Japan ....................................................... − − − − * − −

Netherlands ............................................. − 63 − − − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 1,723 1,889 2,237 1,524 974 −8.8 15.3

Major States Total................................... 26,672 34,344 34,683 19,713 22,261 −22.3 4.6

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 787 997 1,211 1,416 1,250 −21.1 −10.9

Brazil....................................................... 4 14 9 5 7 −69.5 −13.7

Bulgaria................................................... − 62 − − − −100.0 −

Canada .................................................... 4,764 1,808 765 910 1,030 163.4 46.6

Chile........................................................ 64 597 287 − − −89.3 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,781 2,845 2,879 3,000 4,334 −2.2 −10.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 115 
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

Major States Total (Continued)

Croatia ..................................................... − − 72 − 45 − −

Denmark.................................................. 538 1,165 2,320 508 388 −53.9 8.5

Dominican Republic............................... 64 50 18 42 59 27.6 2.0

Ecuador ................................................... 38 − − − −− −

Finland .................................................... 229 287 654 71 2 −20.0 227.8

France ...................................................... 293 817 882 − 989 −64.1 −26.2

Germany, FR .......................................... 226 939 1,987 23 451 −75.9 −15.8

Greece ..................................................... − 491 − − − −100.0 −

Hong Kong ............................................. −−− 46 −− −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,116 1,067 1,219 1,015 1,152 4.6 −.8

Israel........................................................ 1,071 1,473 1,212 922 940 −27.3 3.3

Italy ......................................................... 2,632 5,149 5,354 2,573 1,886 −48.9 8.7

Jamaica.................................................... 64 53 62 26 39 21.4 13.5

Japan ....................................................... 2,743 4,387 3,860 3,330 3,222 −37.5 −3.9

Korea, Republic of ................................. 973 1,089 1,292 894 952 −10.7 .5

Mexico .................................................... 1,152 758 − − − 52.1 −

Morocco .................................................. 214 1,388 1,050 101 571 −84.6 −21.8

Netherlands ............................................. 1,039 1,165 3,276 2,090 1,227 −10.8 −4.1

Norway.................................................... 11 30 28 14 30 −61.6 −21.9

Peru ......................................................... 13 − − − −− −

Portugal................................................... 1,032 1,930 1,933 1,167 1,460 −46.5 −8.3

Russia...................................................... 18 − − − −− −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... − − − − * − −

Spain ....................................................... 1,811 1,957 2,486 1,550 1,113 −7.5 12.9

Surinam................................................... − − − − * − −

Sweden.................................................... − 25 − − − −100.0 −

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−−− 1 − −

Turkey..................................................... − 37 254 − − −100.0 −

United Arab Emirates............................. −−−− * − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 2,988 3,765 1,563 − 1,098 −20.6 28.5

Venezuela................................................ 5 1 9 11 15 373.1 −23.8

Other States Total ................................... 1,270 1,693 997 686 414 −25.0 32.3

Canada .................................................... 438 319 273 93 55 37.5 68.2

Ireland ..................................................... − 80 − − 11 −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 25 − − − −− −

Mexico .................................................... − − 498 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... −−− 153 −− −

Unknown................................................. 806 1,294 226 439 348 −37.7 23.3

U.S. Total .................................................. 27,942 36,037 35,680 20,399 22,675 −22.5 5.4

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 787 997 1,211 1,416 1,250 −21.1 −10.9

Brazil....................................................... 4 14 9 5 7 −69.5 −13.7

Bulgaria................................................... − 62 − − − −100.0 −

Canada .................................................... 5,202 2,127 1,037 1,003 1,085 144.6 48.0

Chile........................................................ 64 597 287 − − −89.3 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,781 2,845 2,879 3,000 4,334 −2.2 −10.5

Croatia ..................................................... − − 72 − 45 − −

Denmark.................................................. 538 1,165 2,320 508 388 −53.9 8.5

Dominican Republic............................... 64 50 18 42 59 27.6 2.0

Ecuador ................................................... 38 − − − −− −

Finland .................................................... 229 287 654 71 2 −20.0 227.8

France ...................................................... 293 817 882 − 989 −64.1 −26.2

Germany, FR .......................................... 226 939 1,987 23 451 −75.9 −15.8

Greece ..................................................... − 491 − − − −100.0 −

Hong Kong ............................................. −−− 46 −− −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,116 1,147 1,219 1,015 1,163 −2.7 −1.0

Israel........................................................ 1,071 1,473 1,212 922 940 −27.3 3.3

Italy ......................................................... 2,632 5,149 5,354 2,573 1,886 −48.9 8.7

Jamaica.................................................... 64 53 62 26 39 21.4 13.5

Japan ....................................................... 2,768 4,387 3,860 3,330 3,222 −36.9 −3.7

Korea, Republic of ................................. 973 1,089 1,292 894 952 −10.7 .5

Mexico .................................................... 1,152 758 498 − − 52.1 −

Morocco .................................................. 214 1,388 1,050 101 571 −84.6 −21.8

Netherlands ............................................. 1,039 1,165 3,276 2,090 1,227 −10.8 −4.1

Norway.................................................... 11 30 28 14 30 −61.6 −21.9

Peru ......................................................... 13 − − − −− −

See footnotes at end of table.

116 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 64. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1993-1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997

U.S. Total (Continued)

Portugal................................................... 1,032 1,930 1,933 1,167 1,460 −46.5 −8.3

Russia...................................................... 18 − − − −− −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... − − − − * − −

Spain ....................................................... 1,811 1,957 2,486 1,704 1,113 −7.5 12.9

Surinam................................................... − − − − * − −

Sweden.................................................... − 25 − − − −100.0 −

Trinidad & Tobago................................. −−−− 1 − −

Turkey..................................................... − 37 254 − − −100.0 −

United Arab Emirates............................. −−−− * − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 2,988 3,765 1,563 − 1,098 −20.6 28.5

Venezuela................................................ 5 1 9 11 15 373.1 −23.8

Unknown................................................. 806 1,294 226 439 348 −37.7 23.3

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1997. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee).

See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico are

based upon Form EIA-6.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 117 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Alabama ............................................................... 7,652 2,577 − 5,813 8,390 4,077 3,777 25 23,921

Alabama ............................................................. 7,542 2,211 − − 2,211 3,958 3,777 − 17,489

Arkansas ............................................................. 32 −− − − 15 − − 47

Florida ................................................................ −− − − − 26 − − 26

Georgia ............................................................... 50 − − − −− − − 50

Mississippi ......................................................... 27 −− − − 78 − − 105

Pennsylvania ...................................................... − 365 − − 365 −− − 365

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 25 25

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 5,813 5,813 −− − 5,813

Alaska ................................................................... 544 − − 680 680 200 − − 1,424

Alaska ................................................................ 544 −− − − 200 − − 743

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 680 680 −− − 680

Arizona ................................................................. 6,646 − − − −− 4,398 − 11,044

Arizona ............................................................... 6,646 − − − −− − − 6,646

Nevada ............................................................... −− − − −− 4,398 − 4,398

Arkansas .............................................................. −− − − − 9 − − 9

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 4 − − 4

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 1 − − 1

Texas .................................................................. −− − − − 4 − − 4

Colorado ............................................................... 21,818 − − 359 359 4,769 − 11 26,956

Arizona ............................................................... 69 −− − − 5 − − 74

Arkansas ............................................................. 29 − − − −− − − 29

California ........................................................... 47 − − − −− − − 47

Colorado ............................................................. 7,774 −− − − 4,533 − − 12,307

Illinois ................................................................ 1,196 − − − −− − − 1,196

Iowa ................................................................... 644 − − − −− − − 644

Kansas ................................................................ 1,264 − − − −− − − 1,264

Kentucky ............................................................ 190 − − − −− − − 190

Michigan ............................................................ 10 − − − −− − − 10

Mississippi ......................................................... 35 − − − −− − − 35

Missouri ............................................................. 907 − − − −− − − 907

Nebraska ............................................................ 65 − − − −− − − 65

Nevada ............................................................... 69 − − − −− − − 69

New Mexico ...................................................... −− − − − 99 − − 99

Oregon ............................................................... 67 − − − −− − − 67

Tennessee ........................................................... 3,125 − − − −− − − 3,125

Texas .................................................................. 2,267 − − − −− − − 2,267

Utah .................................................................... 2,111 − − − −− − − 2,111

Vermont ............................................................. 107 − − − −− − − 107

Washington ........................................................ 24 − − − −− − − 24

Wisconsin ........................................................... 667 − − − −− − − 667

Wyoming ........................................................... −− − − − 131 − − 131

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 11 11

Foreign ............................................................... 1,152 − − 359 359 −− − 1,512

Illinois ................................................................... 23,422 8,471 27 773 9,271 8,479 25 22 41,220

Alabama ............................................................. 871 477 − − 477 −− − 1,348

Arkansas ............................................................. 67 − − − −− − − 67

Florida ................................................................ 1,964 3,586 − − 3,586 36 − − 5,585

Georgia ............................................................... 1,027 − − − −− − − 1,027

Illinois ................................................................ 11,220 916 − − 916 5,924 25 − 18,085

Indiana ............................................................... 3,710 55 − − 55 507 − − 4,272

Iowa ................................................................... 107 406 − − 406 219 − − 731

Kansas ................................................................ 129 − − − −− − − 129

Kentucky ............................................................ 136 16 − − 16 * − − 152

Louisiana ............................................................ − 987 − − 987 −− − 987

Minnesota ........................................................... 158 17 − − 17 −− − 176

Mississippi ......................................................... 1,103 123 − − 123 2 − − 1,228

Missouri ............................................................. 1,938 21 − − 21 938 − − 2,897

North Carolina ................................................... −− − − − * − − *

North Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 1 − − 1 −− − 1

Pennsylvania ...................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Tennessee ........................................................... 817 1,202 − − 1,202 854 − − 2,872

Wisconsin ........................................................... 176 665 27 − 692 −− − 868

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 22 22

See footnotes at end of table.

118 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Illinois (Continued)

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 773 773 −− − 773

Indiana ................................................................. 18,819 1,625 323 5 1,952 13,399 610 30 34,810

Illinois ................................................................ 1,680 −− − − 240 − − 1,920

Indiana ............................................................... 16,502 − 161 − 161 12,643 610 − 29,916

Iowa ................................................................... 347 − − − −− − − 347

Kentucky ............................................................ 21 1,621 − − 1,621 506 − − 2,148

Michigan ............................................................ − − 162 − 162 −− − 162

Minnesota ........................................................... 4 − − − −− − − 4

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 8 − − 8

Ohio ................................................................... − 4 − − 4 −− − 4

Oklahoma ........................................................... − * − − * −− − *

Texas .................................................................. −− − − − 2 − − 2

Wisconsin ........................................................... 264 − − − −− − − 264

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 30 30

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 5 5 −− − 5

Kansas .................................................................. −− − − − 434 − − 434

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 354 − − 354

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 80 − − 80

Kentucky .............................................................. 92,741 35,800 2,141 8,874 46,816 12,717 − 467 152,741

Alabama ............................................................. 994 1,492 − − 1,492 39 − − 2,525

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 4 − − 4

Connecticut ........................................................ 39 − − 715 715 −− − 755

Florida ................................................................ 13,006 4,254 − 886 5,140 −− − 18,146

Georgia ............................................................... 15,773 9 − − 9 131 − − 15,913

Illinois ................................................................ 1,987 354 − − 354 89 − − 2,430

Indiana ............................................................... 889 1,062 − − 1,062 372 − − 2,322

Iowa ................................................................... − 579 − − 579 −− − 579

Kentucky ............................................................ 6,914 7,129 − − 7,129 8,766 − − 22,808

Louisiana ............................................................ − 186 − − 186 −− − 186

Maine ................................................................. 116 − − 295 295 −− − 412

Maryland ............................................................ 124 17 − − 17 −− − 141

Massachusetts .................................................... 342 1 − 374 375 * − − 717

Michigan ............................................................ 5,539 142 1,023 − 1,165 55 − − 6,759

Minnesota ........................................................... * 99 37 − 136 −− − 136

Mississippi ......................................................... 1,050 166 − − 166 3 − − 1,219

Missouri ............................................................. 20 155 − − 155 * − − 175

New Jersey......................................................... −− − 91 91 −− − 91

New York .......................................................... 1,436 46 − 12 58 −− − 1,494

North Carolina ................................................... 14,014 1,226 − − 1,226 600 − − 15,840

Ohio ................................................................... 3,612 5,323 37 − 5,359 770 − − 9,741

Oklahoma ........................................................... − * − − * −− − *

Oregon ............................................................... 16 − − − −− − − 16

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 249 880 11 − 891 30 − − 1,169

South Carolina ................................................... 12,017 27 − − 27 57 − − 12,100

South Dakota ..................................................... − 3 − − 3 −− − 3

Tennessee ........................................................... 7,838 12,259 − − 12,259 1,571 − − 21,668

Texas .................................................................. − 38 − − 38 −− − 38

Virginia .............................................................. 6,295 31 − 21 52 102 − − 6,449

West Virginia..................................................... 47 77 − − 77 126 − − 250

Wisconsin ........................................................... 270 246 450 − 696 * − − 966

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 467 467

Foreign ............................................................... 152 − 584 6,481 7,065 3 − − 7,220

Kentucky, Eastern .............................................. 85,961 14,227 2,141 8,355 24,723 8,073 − 435 119,191

Alabama ............................................................. 514 174 − − 174 39 − − 727

Connecticut ........................................................ 39 − − 715 715 −− − 755

Florida ................................................................ 12,908 549 − 886 1,435 −− − 14,342

Georgia ............................................................... 15,773 9 − − 9 131 − − 15,913

Illinois ................................................................ 1,987 338 − − 338 2 − − 2,327

Indiana ............................................................... 889 816 − − 816 360 − − 2,065

Iowa ................................................................... − 259 − − 259 −− − 259

Kentucky ............................................................ 2,076 2,237 − − 2,237 4,326 − − 8,639

Louisiana ............................................................ − 78 − − 78 −− − 78

Maine ................................................................. 116 − − 295 295 −− − 412

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 119 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Kentucky, Eastern (Continued)

Maryland ............................................................ 124 15 − − 15 −− − 139

Massachusetts .................................................... 342 1 − 374 375 * − − 717

Michigan ............................................................ 5,539 142 1,023 − 1,165 55 − − 6,759

Minnesota ........................................................... * 99 37 − 136 −− − 136

Mississippi ......................................................... 1,050 166 − − 166 3 − − 1,219

Missouri ............................................................. 20 125 − − 125 * − − 145

New Jersey......................................................... −− − 91 91 −− − 91

New York .......................................................... 1,436 46 − 12 58 −− − 1,494

North Carolina ................................................... 14,014 1,226 − − 1,226 600 − − 15,840

Ohio ................................................................... 3,612 5,293 37 − 5,330 770 − − 9,711

Oklahoma ........................................................... − * − − * −− − *

Oregon ............................................................... 16 − − − −− − − 16

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 249 880 11 − 891 30 − − 1,169

South Carolina ................................................... 12,017 27 − − 27 57 − − 12,100

South Dakota ..................................................... − 3 − − 3 −− − 3

Tennessee ........................................................... 6,659 1,351 − − 1,351 1,470 − − 9,480

Texas .................................................................. − 38 − − 38 −− − 38

Virginia .............................................................. 6,295 31 − 21 52 102 − − 6,449

West Virginia..................................................... 47 77 − − 77 126 − − 250

Wisconsin ........................................................... 85 246 450 − 696 * − − 781

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 435 435

Foreign ............................................................... 152 − 584 5,961 6,545 3 − − 6,700

Kentucky, Western ............................................. 6,780 21,573 − 520 22,093 4,644 − 33 33,550

Alabama ............................................................. 481 1,318 − − 1,318 −− − 1,798

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 4 − − 4

Florida ................................................................ 99 3,705 − − 3,705 −− − 3,804

Illinois ................................................................ − 16 − − 16 87 − − 103

Indiana ............................................................... − 245 − − 245 11 − − 257

Iowa ................................................................... − 320 − − 320 −− − 320

Kentucky ............................................................ 4,837 4,891 − − 4,891 4,440 − − 14,169

Louisiana ............................................................ − 108 − − 108 −− − 108

Maryland ............................................................ − 2 − − 2 −− − 2

Missouri ............................................................. − 30 − − 30 −− − 30

Ohio ................................................................... − 30 − − 30 −− − 30

Tennessee ........................................................... 1,179 10,908 − − 10,908 101 − − 12,188

Virginia .............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Wisconsin ........................................................... 185 − − − −− − − 185

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 33 33

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 520 520 −− − 520

Louisiana .............................................................. −− − − − 1,011 2,534 − 3,545

Louisiana ............................................................ −− − − − 1,011 2,534 − 3,545

Maryland .............................................................. 2,745 − − 236 236 1,125 − 10 4,116

Maryland ............................................................ 578 −− − − 377 − − 955

Pennsylvania ...................................................... −− − − − 24 − − 24

Virginia .............................................................. −− − − − 163 − − 163

West Virginia..................................................... 2,168 −− − − 562 − − 2,730

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 10 10

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 236 236 −− − 236

Missouri ................................................................ 9 −− − − 389 − 3 401

Arkansas ............................................................. 9 − − − −− − − 9

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 40 − − 40

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 349 − − 349

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 3 3

Montana ............................................................... 24,673 238 6,572 218 7,028 524 8,708 9 40,942

Illinois ................................................................ 1,545 − − − −− − − 1,545

Indiana ............................................................... 1,259 − − − −− − − 1,259

Iowa ................................................................... 105 − − − −− − − 105

Kansas ................................................................ 104 − − − −− − − 104

Michigan ............................................................ 4,643 − 6,089 − 6,089 134 − − 10,866

Minnesota ........................................................... 8,411 238 154 − 392 45 − − 8,847

Mississippi ......................................................... 3,235 − − − −− − − 3,235

Montana ............................................................. −− − − − 310 8,708 − 9,019

See footnotes at end of table.

120 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Montana (Continued)

Nebraska ............................................................ 47 − − − −− − − 47

North Dakota ..................................................... 402 − − − −− − − 402

Ohio ................................................................... − − 42 − 42 −− − 42

South Dakota ..................................................... 1,867 − − − −− − − 1,867

Washington ........................................................ 333 − − − −− − − 333

Wisconsin ........................................................... 2,477 − 162 − 162 10 − − 2,649

Wyoming ........................................................... 8 −− − − 25 − − 34

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 9 9

Foreign ............................................................... 236 − 125 218 343 −− − 579

New Mexico ......................................................... 20,485 − − 25 25 6,867 − * 27,377

Arizona ............................................................... 10,492 −− − − * − − 10,492

Nebraska ............................................................ 68 − − − −− − − 68

New Mexico ...................................................... 8,920 −− − − 6,866 − − 15,786

Oklahoma ........................................................... 108 − − − −− − − 108

Texas .................................................................. 375 − − − −− − − 375

Wisconsin ........................................................... 523 − − − −− − − 523

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − * *

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 25 25 −− − 25

North Dakota....................................................... 350 −− − − 4,277 24,545 − 29,172

North Dakota ..................................................... 350 −− − − 4,277 24,545 − 29,172

Ohio ...................................................................... 1,974 8,291 − 410 8,701 10,037 8,595 126 29,434

Alabama ............................................................. − 69 − − 69 −− − 69

Indiana ............................................................... 68 190 − − 190 80 − − 337

Kentucky ............................................................ − 557 − − 557 10 − − 567

Michigan ............................................................ −− − − − 303 − − 303

Minnesota ........................................................... −− − − − 7 − − 7

New York .......................................................... 18 − − − −− − − 18

Ohio ................................................................... 1,730 4,840 − − 4,840 9,356 8,595 − 24,521

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 158 313 − − 313 281 − − 752

West Virginia..................................................... − 2,322 − − 2,322 * − − 2,323

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 126 126

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 410 410 −− − 410

Oklahoma ............................................................. −− − − − 1,678 − 10 1,688

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − 160 − − 160

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 110 − − 110

Oklahoma ........................................................... −− − − − 1,260 − − 1,260

Texas .................................................................. −− − − − 148 − − 148

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 10 10

Pennsylvania ........................................................ 25,595 13,202 4,657 6,333 24,192 20,434 3,140 364 73,725

Alabama ............................................................. 84 14 − − 14 1 − − 99

Arizona ............................................................... 3 −− − − * − − 3

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

California ........................................................... * −− − − 1 − − 1

Colorado ............................................................. 20 −− − − * − − 20

Connecticut ........................................................ * 1 − − 1 7 − − 8

Delaware ............................................................ 626 29 − − 29 8 − − 663

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − * − − *

Florida ................................................................ 6 −− − − * − − 7

Georgia ............................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Illinois ................................................................ 11 −− − − 3 − − 15

Indiana ............................................................... 28 520 − − 520 7 − − 555

Iowa ................................................................... 43 178 − − 178 −− − 221

Kansas ................................................................ 1 − − − −− − − 1

Kentucky ............................................................ 8 344 − − 344 10 − − 362

Louisiana ............................................................ 8 11 − − 11 −− − 18

Maine ................................................................. 7 −− − − 3 − − 10

Maryland ............................................................ 1,745 −− − − 179 − − 1,924

Massachusetts .................................................... 489 −− − − 22 − − 511

Michigan ............................................................ 2,519 12 345 − 357 1 − − 2,877

Minnesota ........................................................... 3 −− − − * − − 4

Mississippi ......................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Missouri ............................................................. * −− − − * − − *

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 121 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Pennsylvania (Continued)

Nebraska ............................................................ 4 − − − − −− − 4

New Hampshire ................................................. 623 − − 86 86 6 − − 715

New Jersey......................................................... 567 −− − − 15 − − 582

New York .......................................................... 2,858 32 496 − 528 629 − − 4,014

North Carolina ................................................... * −− − − * − − *

North Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... 1,582 2,782 253 − 3,035 151 − − 4,768

Oklahoma ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Oregon ............................................................... 13 −− − − * − − 13

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 12,817 5,515 134 − 5,649 19,228 3,140 − 40,834

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ................................................... 30 −− − − 2 − − 31

Tennessee ........................................................... 1 864 − − 864 7 − − 872

Texas .................................................................. 3 −− − − * − − 4

Utah .................................................................... 201 − − − − −− − 201

Vermont ............................................................. * −− − − 2 − − 2

Virginia .............................................................. 218 −− − − 14 − − 232

Washington ........................................................ −− − − − * − − *

West Virginia..................................................... − 2,902 − − 2,902 121 − − 3,023

Wisconsin ........................................................... 665 − 1,396 − 1,396 3 − − 2,064

Wyoming ........................................................... 2 − − − − −− − 2

Unknown State .................................................. − − − − − −− 364 364

Foreign ............................................................... 407 − 2,034 6,247 8,281 10 − − 8,698

Pennsylvania Anthracite .................................... 518 2 − 180 181 4,331 − 32 5,062

Alabama ............................................................. 2 2 − − 2 1 − − 4

Arizona ............................................................... 3 −− − − * − − 3

Arkansas ............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

California ........................................................... * −− − − 1 − − 1

Colorado ............................................................. 20 −− − − * − − 20

Connecticut ........................................................ * −− − − 7 − − 7

Delaware ............................................................ * −− − − 8 − − 8

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − * − − *

Florida ................................................................ 6 −− − − * − − 7

Georgia ............................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Illinois ................................................................ 11 −− − − 3 − − 15

Indiana ............................................................... * −− − − 7 − − 7

Iowa ................................................................... 43 − − − − −− − 43

Kansas ................................................................ 1 − − − − −− − 1

Kentucky ............................................................ 8 −− − − 10 − − 18

Louisiana ............................................................ 8 − − − − −− − 8

Maine ................................................................. * −− − − 3 − − 4

Maryland ............................................................ * −− − − 3 − − 3

Massachusetts .................................................... 1 −− − − 14 − − 14

Michigan ............................................................ * −− − − 1 − − 1

Minnesota ........................................................... 3 −− − − * − − 4

Mississippi ......................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Missouri ............................................................. * −− − − * − − *

Nebraska ............................................................ 4 − − − − −− − 4

New Hampshire ................................................. * −− − − 5 − − 5

New Jersey......................................................... * −− − − 15 − − 15

New York .......................................................... 2 −− − − 128 − − 130

North Carolina ................................................... * −− − − * − − *

North Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... * −− − − 12 − − 13

Oklahoma ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Oregon ............................................................... 13 −− − − * − − 13

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 53 −− − − 4,038 − − 4,091

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ................................................... 30 −− − − 2 − − 31

Tennessee ........................................................... 1 −− − − 7 − − 9

Texas .................................................................. 3 −− − − * − − 3

Utah .................................................................... 3 − − − − −− − 3

Vermont ............................................................. * −− − − 2 − − 2

Virginia .............................................................. * −− − − 6 − − 6

Washington ........................................................ −− − − − * − − *

West Virginia..................................................... −− − − − 41 − − 41

See footnotes at end of table.

122 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Pennsylvania Anthracite (Continued)

Wisconsin ........................................................... 3 −− − − 3 − − 6

Wyoming ........................................................... 2 − − − −− − − 2

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 32 32

Foreign ............................................................... 297 − − 180 180 10 − − 486

Pennsylvania Bituminous................................... 25,077 13,201 4,657 6,153 24,011 16,103 3,140 333 68,664

Alabama ............................................................. 82 13 − − 13 −− − 95

Connecticut ........................................................ − 1 − − 1 * − − 1

Delaware ............................................................ 626 29 − − 29 * − − 655

Indiana ............................................................... 28 520 − − 520 −− − 548

Iowa ................................................................... − 178 − − 178 −− − 178

Kentucky ............................................................ − 344 − − 344 * − − 344

Louisiana ............................................................ − 11 − − 11 −− − 11

Maine ................................................................. 6 −− − − * − − 7

Maryland ............................................................ 1,745 −− − − 176 − − 1,921

Massachusetts .................................................... 489 −− − − 8 − − 497

Michigan ............................................................ 2,519 12 345 − 357 −− − 2,876

New Hampshire ................................................. 623 − − 86 86 1 − − 710

New Jersey......................................................... 567 − − − −− − − 567

New York .......................................................... 2,856 32 496 − 528 501 − − 3,884

Ohio ................................................................... 1,582 2,782 253 − 3,035 139 − − 4,756

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 12,764 5,515 134 − 5,649 15,190 3,140 − 36,743

Tennessee ........................................................... − 864 − − 864 −− − 864

Texas .................................................................. 1 −− − − * − − 1

Utah .................................................................... 199 − − − −− − − 199

Vermont ............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Virginia .............................................................. 218 −− − − 8 − − 226

West Virginia..................................................... − 2,902 − − 2,902 80 − − 2,982

Wisconsin ........................................................... 662 − 1,396 − 1,396 −− − 2,058

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 333 333

Foreign ............................................................... 110 − 2,034 6,067 8,102 −− − 8,212

Tennessee ............................................................. 1,481 213 − − 213 1,071 − 2 2,767

Alabama ............................................................. 10 176 − − 176 557 − − 743

Georgia ............................................................... 73 −− − − 17 − − 90

North Carolina ................................................... 45 − − − −− − − 45

Ohio ................................................................... −− − − − * − − *

South Carolina ................................................... − 37 − − 37 −− − 37

Tennessee ........................................................... 1,353 −− − − 497 − − 1,850

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 2 2

Texas ..................................................................... 23,054 −− − − 15,136 15,272 − 53,463

Texas .................................................................. 23,054 −− − − 15,136 15,272 − 53,463

Utah ...................................................................... 12,053 871 − 3,436 4,307 5,821 4,078 13 26,272

Arizona ............................................................... 72 −− − − 7 − − 78

California ........................................................... 2,716 −− − − 2 − − 2,718

Colorado ............................................................. −− − − − 3 − − 3

Hawaii ................................................................ −− − 21 21 −− − 21

Idaho .................................................................. * −− − − 39 − − 39

Illinois ................................................................ 1,446 − − − −− − − 1,446

Massachusetts .................................................... −− − − − 90 − − 90

Missouri ............................................................. 140 − − − −− − − 140

Montana ............................................................. 7 −− − − 20 − − 27

Nevada ............................................................... 2,407 −− − − 219 − − 2,626

Oregon ............................................................... 6 −− − − 1 − − 7

Tennessee ........................................................... 650 871 − − 871 −− − 1,521

Utah .................................................................... 4,419 −− − − 5,439 4,078 − 13,936

Washington ........................................................ 118 −− − − 2 − − 119

Wisconsin ........................................................... 72 − − − −− − − 72

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 13 13

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 3,414 3,414 −− − 3,414

Virginia ................................................................ 15,675 4,240 − 13,134 17,375 1,336 1,011 22 35,419

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 123 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Virginia (Continued)

Alabama ............................................................. 1,036 21 − − 21 −− − 1,057

California ........................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − 5 5 −− − 5

Delaware ............................................................ 179 − − − −− − − 179

Florida ................................................................ 451 − − − −− − − 451

Georgia ............................................................... 1,860 − − − −− − − 1,860

Illinois ................................................................ 62 615 − − 615 −− − 677

Indiana ............................................................... 706 881 − − 881 −− − 1,587

Kentucky ............................................................ − 18 − − 18 −− − 18

Maryland ............................................................ −− − − − * − − *

Michigan ............................................................ −− − − − * − − *

Mississippi ......................................................... 8 − − − −− − − 8

New Hampshire ................................................. 10 − − − −− − − 10

New Jersey......................................................... 9 − − 796 796 * − − 805

New York .......................................................... 13 − − − −− − − 13

North Carolina ................................................... 780 −− − − 60 − − 840

Ohio ................................................................... 471 746 − − 746 3 − − 1,220

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 803 1,842 − − 1,842 5 − − 2,651

South Carolina ................................................... 1,489 −− − − 3 − − 1,492

Tennessee ........................................................... 2,190 −− − − 13 − − 2,203

Texas .................................................................. 14 − − − −− − − 14

Utah .................................................................... 298 −− − − * − − 298

Virginia .............................................................. 4,940 −− − − 745 1,011 − 6,695

West Virginia..................................................... 353 118 − − 118 * − − 471

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 22 22

Foreign ............................................................... * − − 12,333 12,333 507 − − 12,841

Washington .......................................................... −− − 14 14 53 4,428 − 4,495

Oregon ............................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Washington ........................................................ −− − − − 53 4,428 − 4,480

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 14 14 * − − 14

West Virginia ...................................................... 69,488 46,359 9,195 37,616 93,170 5,868 3,338 365 172,230

Alabama ............................................................. 1,829 1,684 − − 1,684 7 − − 3,520

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − 823 823 −− − 823

Delaware ............................................................ 886 −− − − 6 − − 892

District of Columbia.......................................... 17 20 − − 20 3 − − 40

Florida ................................................................ 710 647 − 1,071 1,718 77 − − 2,506

Georgia ............................................................... 4,969 − − − −− − − 4,969

Illinois ................................................................ 682 858 240 − 1,098 27 − − 1,807

Indiana ............................................................... 5,097 829 − − 829 4 − − 5,930

Iowa ................................................................... 29 90 − − 90 −− − 119

Kentucky ............................................................ 2,287 4,486 − − 4,486 191 − − 6,964

Louisiana ............................................................ − 299 − − 299 * − − 299

Maine ................................................................. 1 −− − − * − − 1

Maryland ............................................................ 4,650 − − 2,640 2,640 178 − − 7,469

Massachusetts .................................................... 477 − − 1,429 1,429 * − − 1,906

Michigan ............................................................ 5,154 143 796 − 940 −− − 6,094

Minnesota ........................................................... − 76 11 − 87 −− − 87

Mississippi ......................................................... − 19 1 − 20 −− − 20

Missouri ............................................................. − 39 − − 39 −− − 39

New Hampshire ................................................. 272 − − 68 68 −− − 340

New Jersey......................................................... 935 86 − 836 922 * − − 1,857

New York .......................................................... 6,075 169 − − 169 24 − − 6,268

North Carolina ................................................... 9,740 −− − − * − − 9,740

Ohio ................................................................... 6,476 13,192 182 − 13,373 363 − − 20,212

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 26 − 10 36 11 − − 47

Oregon ............................................................... 10 − − − −− − − 10

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 3,041 11,998 121 − 12,119 390 − − 15,550

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − * − − *

South Carolina ................................................... 84 −− − − 16 − − 100

Tennessee ........................................................... 32 597 − − 597 2 − − 631

Texas .................................................................. −− − 2 2 −− − 2

Utah .................................................................... 229 − − − −− − − 229

Virginia .............................................................. 4,046 − − 141 141 754 − − 4,941

West Virginia..................................................... 10,952 11,031 − − 11,031 3,813 3,338 − 29,135

Wisconsin ........................................................... 49 39 772 − 811 2 − − 861

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 365 365

See footnotes at end of table.

124 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

West Virginia (Continued)

Foreign ............................................................... 759 30 7,073 30,597 37,700 −− − 38,459

West Virginia, Northern .................................... 15,297 16,144 3,032 4,575 23,752 3,862 3,338 68 46,316

Alabama ............................................................. − 442 − − 442 −− − 442

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − 687 687 −− − 687

Delaware ............................................................ 436 −− − − 6 − − 442

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − 3 − − 3

Florida ................................................................ 532 −− − − 77 − − 610

Indiana ............................................................... 104 53 − − 53 −− − 157

Kentucky ............................................................ − 1,424 − − 1,424 −− − 1,424

Louisiana ............................................................ − 282 − − 282 −− − 282

Maine ................................................................. 1 − − − −− − − 1

Maryland ............................................................ 3,963 − − 720 720 178 − − 4,862

Massachusetts .................................................... 51 − − 81 81 −− − 132

Michigan ............................................................ 526 − 153 − 153 −− − 679

New Hampshire ................................................. 272 − − 68 68 −− − 340

New Jersey......................................................... 838 86 − 441 527 * − − 1,365

New York .......................................................... 4,708 − − − −− − − 4,708

Ohio ................................................................... 1,548 2,584 23 − 2,607 −− − 4,155

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,396 7,156 121 − 7,276 227 − − 8,900

Virginia .............................................................. 42 −− − − 593 − − 635

West Virginia..................................................... 848 4,117 − − 4,117 2,778 3,338 − 11,080

Wisconsin ........................................................... 30 − 492 − 492 −− − 522

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 68 68

Foreign ............................................................... − − 2,244 2,578 4,822 −− − 4,822

West Virginia, Southern .................................... 54,192 30,215 6,163 33,041 69,419 2,006 − 297 125,914

Alabama ............................................................. 1,829 1,242 − − 1,242 7 − − 3,078

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − 135 135 −− − 135

Delaware ............................................................ 450 − − − −− − − 450

District of Columbia.......................................... 17 20 − − 20 −− − 37

Florida ................................................................ 178 647 − 1,071 1,718 −− − 1,896

Georgia ............................................................... 4,969 − − − −− − − 4,969

Illinois ................................................................ 682 858 240 − 1,098 27 − − 1,807

Indiana ............................................................... 4,993 776 − − 776 4 − − 5,773

Iowa ................................................................... 29 90 − − 90 −− − 119

Kentucky ............................................................ 2,287 3,062 − − 3,062 191 − − 5,540

Louisiana ............................................................ − 18 − − 18 * − − 18

Maine ................................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Maryland ............................................................ 687 − − 1,920 1,920 −− − 2,607

Massachusetts .................................................... 426 − − 1,348 1,348 * − − 1,774

Michigan ............................................................ 4,628 143 643 − 787 −− − 5,415

Minnesota ........................................................... − 76 11 − 87 −− − 87

Mississippi ......................................................... − 19 1 − 20 −− − 20

Missouri ............................................................. − 39 − − 39 −− − 39

New Jersey......................................................... 97 − − 395 395 * − − 492

New York .......................................................... 1,367 169 − − 169 24 − − 1,560

North Carolina ................................................... 9,740 −− − − * − − 9,740

Ohio ................................................................... 4,928 10,607 159 − 10,766 363 − − 16,057

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 26 − 10 36 11 − − 47

Oregon ............................................................... 10 − − − −− − − 10

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,645 4,843 − − 4,843 163 − − 6,651

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − * − − *

South Carolina ................................................... 84 −− − − 16 − − 100

Tennessee ........................................................... 32 597 − − 597 2 − − 631

Texas .................................................................. −− − 2 2 −− − 2

Utah .................................................................... 229 − − − −− − − 229

Virginia .............................................................. 4,004 − − 141 141 161 − − 4,306

West Virginia..................................................... 10,104 6,914 − − 6,914 1,036 − − 18,054

Wisconsin ........................................................... 19 39 280 − 319 2 − − 340

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 297 297

Foreign ............................................................... 759 30 4,828 28,019 32,878 −− − 33,637

Wyoming .............................................................. 248,064 14,696 1,635 1,723 18,055 2,995 11,670 12 280,795

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 125 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Wyoming (Continued)

Alabama ............................................................. 5,205 − − − −− − − 5,205

Arizona ............................................................... 57 − − − −− − − 57

Arkansas ............................................................. 11,600 − − − −− − − 11,600

California ........................................................... 29 − − − −− − − 29

Colorado ............................................................. 6,651 −− − − 41 − − 6,692

Florida ................................................................ 971 − − − −− − − 971

Georgia ............................................................... 5,688 − − − −− − − 5,688

Idaho .................................................................. 296 −− − − 28 − − 324

Illinois ................................................................ 20,528 − − − −− − − 20,528

Indiana ............................................................... 16,451 − − − −− − − 16,451

Iowa ................................................................... 17,045 548 − − 548 −− − 17,593

Kansas ................................................................ 11,759 − − − −− − − 11,759

Louisiana ............................................................ 3,877 5,750 − − 5,750 −− − 9,628

Michigan ............................................................ 9,558 − − − −− − − 9,558

Minnesota ........................................................... 8,460 − 725 − 725 38 − − 9,224

Mississippi ......................................................... 291 − − − −− − − 291

Missouri ............................................................. 24,916 8,384 − − 8,384 −− − 33,300

Montana ............................................................. 572 − − − −− − − 572

Nebraska ............................................................ 9,198 − − − −− − − 9,198

Nevada ............................................................... 17 − − − −− − − 17

North Carolina ................................................... 40 − − − −− − − 40

North Dakota ..................................................... 144 −− − − * − − 144

Ohio ................................................................... 1,426 − 54 − 54 −− − 1,481

Oklahoma ........................................................... 18,462 − − − −− − − 18,462

Oregon ............................................................... 966 − − − −− − − 966

South Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − 410 − − 410

Tennessee ........................................................... 2,330 − − − −− − − 2,330

Texas .................................................................. 41,023 14 − − 14 −− − 41,037

Utah .................................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Washington ........................................................ 1 − − − −− − − 1

West Virginia..................................................... −− − − − 7 − − 7

Wisconsin ........................................................... 17,886 − 40 − 40 −− − 17,925

Wyoming ........................................................... 12,616 −− − − 2,470 11,670 − 26,756

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 12 12

Foreign ............................................................... 2 − 816 1,723 2,539 −− − 2,541

U.S. Total ............................................................. 617,287 136,584 24,551 79,651 240,785 122,708 96,128 1,492 1,078,401

Alabama ............................................................. 17,573 6,144 − − 6,144 4,562 3,777 − 32,056

Alaska ................................................................ 544 −− − − 200 − − 743

Arizona ............................................................... 17,338 −− − − 13 − − 17,351

Arkansas ............................................................. 11,737 −− − − 183 − − 11,921

California ........................................................... 2,792 −− − − 2 − − 2,794

Colorado ............................................................. 14,444 −− − − 4,578 − − 19,022

Connecticut ........................................................ 39 1 − 1,543 1,543 7 − − 1,590

Delaware ............................................................ 1,692 29 − − 29 14 − − 1,734

District of Columbia.......................................... 17 20 − − 20 3 − − 40

Florida ................................................................ 17,108 8,488 − 1,956 10,444 139 − − 27,692

Georgia ............................................................... 29,440 9 − − 9 148 − − 29,597

Hawaii ................................................................ −− − 21 21 −− − 21

Idaho .................................................................. 296 −− − − 67 − − 363

Illinois ................................................................ 40,356 2,742 240 − 2,982 6,284 25 − 49,647

Indiana ............................................................... 44,711 3,536 161 − 3,697 13,612 610 − 62,630

Iowa ................................................................... 18,319 1,801 − − 1,801 219 − − 20,339

Kansas ................................................................ 13,257 −− − − 504 − − 13,761

Kentucky ............................................................ 9,557 14,170 − − 14,170 9,483 − − 33,209

Louisiana ............................................................ 3,885 7,233 − − 7,233 1,011 2,534 − 14,663

Maine ................................................................. 124 − − 295 295 3 − − 423

Maryland ............................................................ 7,097 17 − 2,640 2,658 734 − − 10,489

Massachusetts .................................................... 1,308 1 − 1,803 1,804 113 − − 3,225

Michigan ............................................................ 27,424 298 8,415 − 8,712 493 − − 36,629

Minnesota ........................................................... 17,038 431 926 − 1,357 90 − − 18,485

Mississippi ......................................................... 5,750 308 1 − 309 82 − − 6,141

Missouri ............................................................. 27,922 8,599 − − 8,599 1,376 − − 37,897

Montana ............................................................. 579 −− − − 331 8,708 − 9,617

Nebraska ............................................................ 9,382 − − − −− − − 9,382

Nevada ............................................................... 2,493 −− − − 219 4,398 − 7,110

New Hampshire ................................................. 905 − − 154 154 6 − − 1,064

See footnotes at end of table.

126 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1997

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

U.S. Total (Continued)

New Jersey......................................................... 1,510 86 − 1,723 1,809 15 − − 3,334

New Mexico ...................................................... 8,920 −− − − 6,966 − − 15,885

New York .......................................................... 10,400 246 496 12 754 653 − − 11,807

North Carolina ................................................... 24,619 1,226 − − 1,226 660 − − 26,505

North Dakota ..................................................... 895 −− − − 4,277 24,545 − 29,717

Ohio ................................................................... 15,297 26,887 568 − 27,454 10,643 8,595 − 61,990

Oklahoma ........................................................... 18,570 28 − 10 38 1,271 − − 19,879

Oregon ............................................................... 1,078 −− − − 1 − − 1,079

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 17,069 20,913 265 − 21,179 19,958 3,140 − 61,345

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 3 − − 3

South Carolina ................................................... 13,620 64 − − 64 77 − − 13,761

South Dakota ..................................................... 1,867 3 − − 3 410 − − 2,281

Tennessee ........................................................... 18,335 15,792 − − 15,792 2,944 − − 37,071

Texas .................................................................. 66,737 52 − 2 53 15,290 15,272 − 97,353

Utah .................................................................... 7,258 −− − − 5,439 4,078 − 16,775

Vermont ............................................................. 107 −− − − 2 − − 110

Virginia .............................................................. 15,498 31 − 162 193 1,777 1,011 − 18,479

Washington ........................................................ 476 −− − − 54 4,428 − 4,958

West Virginia..................................................... 13,520 16,451 − − 16,451 4,630 3,338 − 37,938

Wisconsin ........................................................... 23,049 949 2,847 − 3,796 15 − − 26,860

Wyoming ........................................................... 12,626 −− − − 2,626 11,670 − 26,922

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 1,492 1,492

Foreign ............................................................... 2,708 30 10,632 69,330 79,992 520 − − 83,220

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 127 
Demand

Domestic Markets

U.S. coal consumption during 1997 reached a record

1,029.3 million short tons, surpassing by 2.4 percent

the previous record of 1,005.6 million short tons consumed during 1996. Compared with 1996, the amount

of coal consumed by U.S. electric utilities during

1997 increased 2.9 percent to a record 900.4 million

short tons, accounting for 87.5 percent of domestic

coal consumption. In contrast, compared with 1996,

coal consumption at U.S. coke plants declined 4.7

percent to 30.2 million short tons, while the amount of

coal consumed at other industrial plants declined 0.5

percent to 70.6 million short tons.

Electric Utility Use

Forty-six percent of the overall increase in electric

utility coal consumption during 1997 was attributable

to increases in the amount of coal consumed at electric utility generating plants located in the East North

Central and South Atlantic Census Divisions. Collectively, electric utilities in these Divisions consumed

359.8 million short tons of the coal during 1997,

representing 40 percent of total 1997 electric utility

coal consumption.

In the East North Central Division, electric utiltiy

coal consumption increased by 2.7 percent to 204.3

million short tons as electric utilities in Illinois,

Wisconsin, and Indiana increased generation from

coal-fired generators to offset reduced generation

from nuclear generating units. By comparison, in the

South Atlantic Division, electric utility coal consumption increased by 4.1 percent to 155.5 million short

tons primarily in response to increased electricity

demand.

Similarily, rising electricity demand contributed to

increased coal consumption by electric utilities in the

West South Central Division, where electric utility

coal consumption rose 2.6 percent to 144.2 million

short tons, and in the East South Central Division,

where coal consumption by electric utilities increased

by 2.9 percent to 99.6 million short tons.

In the West North Central Division, electric utility

coal consumption increased by 1.3 percent to 124.0

million short tons as net generation from coal units

increased in response to rising electricity demand

coupled with decreased generation from nuclear units

in Minnesota and Nebraska.

Compared with 1996, electric utiltiy coal consumption

in the Mountain Division increased by 3.6 percent to

105.2 million short tons, primarily as a result of

increased generation from coal-fired units in Arizona,

Montana, and Utah.

Coke Plant Use

Although coal consumption at coke plants declined

throughout the med U.S. in 1997, coke plants in

Pennsylvania and Indiana remained the Nation's

leading consumers of coking coal, collectively consuming 16.0 million short tons of coal, representing

53.1 percent of the coal consumed at U.S. coke plants

during 1997.

Other Uses

Compared with 1996, the amount of coal consumed

during 1997 at industrial facilities other than coke

plants declined in all Census divisions except the

Mountain Division, where coal consumption at these

Other Industrial facilities increased 13.6 percent to

4.7 million short tons. Coal consumption in the residential and commercial sectors during 1997 increased

8.0 percent to reach 6.5 million short tons.

Coal Stocks

Stocks of coal held by domestic consumers at the

close of 1997 totaled 106.8 million short tons, representing a decline of 13.1 percent compared with the

123.0 million short tons held in stock at the end of

1996. Compared with 1996, year-end coal stocks at

electric utility plants declined 13.8 percent to 98.8

million short tons, while coal stocks at coke plants

declined 9.4 percent to 2.4 million short tons. By

comparison, coal stocks at other industrial plants

remained relatively constant at 5.6 million shor tons.

Foreign Markets

U.S. coal exports during 1997 totaled 83.5 million

short tons, 7.6 percent less than the 90.5 million short

tons exported during 1996. Compared with 1996,

exports of metallurgical coal declined 1.5 percent to

52.2 million short tons, while exports of steam coal

declined 16.3 percent to 31.4 million short tons.

Brazil remained the leading destination for U.S.

metallurgical coal exported during 1997, with shipments totaling 7.4 million short tons, representing

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 129 
14.1 percent of total 1997 metallurgical coal exports.

Since 1993, U.S. exports of metallurgical coal to

Brazil have increased at an average annual rate of 10

percent.

Exports of U.S. metallurgical coal to Europe during

1997 totaled 28.8 million short tons, an increase of

1.9 percent compared with 1996. Exports of

metallurgical coal to Romania increased by 42.1

percent to 2.1 million short tons, while exports to the

United Kingdom increased by 17.3 percent to 3.6

million short tons.

Compared with 1996, U.S. steam coal exports to

Europe during 1997 declined 33.8 percent reflecting

reduced steam coal exports to all major European

nations except the United Kingdom. In North

America, steam coal exports to Canada increased 68.1

percent to 10.1 million short tons, while steam coal

exports to Mexico increased 38.2 percent to 1.4

million short tons.

130 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Figure 9. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1988-1997

1

10

100

1000

1200

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units) 

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Total Consumption

Residential/Commercial

Other Industrial

Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

132 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1997

 Rank Company Name Plant Locations

Electric Utilities

1 Tennessee Valley Authority (AL) (KY) (TN)

2 Texas Utilities Electric Company (TX)

3 Georgia Power Company (GA)

4 Pacificorp (UT) (WA) (WY)

5 Alabama Power Company (AL)

6 Detroit Edison Company (The) (MI)

7 Houston Lighting & Power Company (TX)

8 GPU Service Corporation (PA)

9 Commonwealth Edison Company (IL)

10 Duke Power Company (NC) (SC)

11 Union Electric Company (MO)

12 Ohio Power Company (OH) (WV)

13 Basin Electric Power (ND) (WY)

14 PSI Energy, Inc (IN)

15 Northern States Power Company (MN) (WI)

16 Appalachian Power Company (VA) (WV)

17 Southwestern Electric Power Company (AR) (TX)

18 Virginia Electric & Power Company (VA) (WV)

19 Indiana Michigan Power Company (IN)

20 Monongahela Power Company (WV)

21 Midamerican Energy (IA)

22 Arkansas Power & Light Company (AR)

23 Arizona Public Service Company (AZ) (NM)

24 Wisconsin Electric Power Company (MI) (WI)

25 Carolina Power & Light Company (NC) (SC)

26 Cincinnati Gas Electric Company (KY) (OH)

27 Oklahoma Gas & Electric Company (OK)

28 Kansas City Power & Light Company (KS) (MO)

29 KPL - Western Resources (KS)

30 Public Service Company of Colorado (CO)

31 Salt River Project (AZ)

32 Montana Power Company (MT)

33 Associated Electric Coop (MO)

34 Southwestern Public Service Company (TX)

35 Pennsylvania Power & Light Company (PA)

36 Northern Indiana Public Service Company (IN)

37 Wisconsin Power & Light Company (WI)

38 Dayton Power & Light Company (The) (OH)

39 Tampa Electric Company (FL)

40 Consumers Power Company (MI)

41 Illinois Power Company (IL)

42 Ohio Edison Company (OH)

43 Indianapolis Power & Light Company (IN)

44 Cooperative Power Association (ND)

45 Public Service Company of New Mexico (NM)

46 Kentucky Utilities Company (KY)

47 Louisville Gas & Electric Company (KY)

48 Pennsylvania Power Company (PA)

49 Nebraska Public Power Dististribution (NE)

50 Cajun Elec Power Coop Inc (LA)

51 Florida Power Corporation (FL)

52 Central Illinois Public Service Company (IL)

53 Lower Colorado River Authority (TX)

54 South Carolina Public Service Authority (SC)

55 San Antonio Public Service Board (TX)

56 Potomac Electric Power Company (MD) (VA)

57 Central Louisiana Electric Company (LA)

58 Scana Corporation (SC)

59 Baltimore Gas & Electric Company (MD)

60 Los Angeles (City of) (UT)

61 Mississippi Power Company (MS)

62 Big Rivers Electric Corporation (KY)

63 Electric Energy Inc (IL)

64 West Penn Power Company (PA)

65 Tri-State G & T Association Inc (CO)

66 Southern California Edison Company (NV)

67 Cleveland Elec Illumination Company (OH)

68 Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corporation (IN)

69 Columbus Southern Power Company (OH)

70 I E S Utilities Company (IA)

71 Cardinal Operating Company (OH)

72 Minnesota Power & Light Company (MN)

73 Public Service Co of Oklahoma (OK)

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 133 
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1997 (Continued)

 Company Name Plant Location

Top Ten Manufacturers

Aluminum Company of America (IN) (OH) (TN) (TX)

Archer Daniels Midland (IA) (IL) (MN)

Basin Electric Power Coop (ND)

Champion International Corp (AL) (FL) (ME) (MI) (MN) (NC) (NY) (OH)

E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co (DE) (MS) (NC) (SC) (TN) (VA) (WV)

Eastman Chemical Company (AR) (NY) (SC) (TN) (TX)

Hoechst AG (SC) (TX) (VA)

Holnam Inc (AL) (CO) (IA) (MI) (MO) (MS) (SC) (UT) (WA)

Inland Steel Industries Inc (IN)

Westvaco Corporation (MD) (PA) (SD) (VA)

Other Major Manufacturers

A E Staley Manufacturing Co (IL) (IN) (TN)

American Crystal Sugar Co (MN) (ND)

Applied Energy Services Inc (PA)

Ash Grove Cement Company (AR) (KS) (MT) (NE) (OR) (TX) (UT)

Blue Circle Inc (AL) (GA) (NY) (OK) (SC)

Cargill Incorporated (GA) (IA) (MI) (MN) (NC) (OH) (TN) (VA)

Consolidated Papers Inc (WI)

Dravo Corporation (AL) (KY)

Elkem A/S (OH) (WV)

Florida Crushed Stone (FL)

Fort James Corporation (GA) (OK) (WI)

FMC Corporation (NC) (WV) (WY)

General Chemical Corporation (WY)

General Motors Corporation (AL) (IL) (IN) (MI) (MO) (OH) (WI)

Georgia-Pacific Corp (AR) (GA) (MI) (VA)

International Paper Company (AL) (LA) (PA) (SC) (WI)

Jefferson Smurfit Corp (AL) (FL) (IL) (IN) (OH) (PA)

Kerr-McGee Corporation (CA)

Kimberly Clark Corporation (AL) (MI) (PA) (WI)

Lafarge Corporation (IA) (IL) (KS) (MI) (MO) (PA)

Lone Star Industries, Inc (FL) (IL) (IN) (MO) (OK) (TX)

Mead Corporation (MI) (OH) (TN)

Monsanto Company (AL) (IA) (ID) (IL) (MA) (WV)

P H Glatfelter Co (NC) (PA)

PPG Industries Inc (WV)

Societe Des Ciments Francais (IN) (MD) (PA)

Solvay Minerals, Inc. (OH) (TN) (WY)

Southdown Inc (CA) (CO) (FL) (OH) (TN)

Stone Container Corporation (AZ) (FL) (MI) (SC) (VA)

Union Camp Corporation (AL) (GA) (SC) (VA)

Top Ten Coke Producers

AK Steel Corp (KY) (OH)

Bethlehem Steel Corp (IN) (MD) (NY) (PA)

Citizens Gas & Coke Utility (IN)

Drummond Company Inc (AL)

Geneva Steel Company (UT)

LTV Steel Company Inc (IL) (IN) (OH) (PA)

National Steel Corp. (IL) (MI)

Sun Coal Co (VA)

USX Corporation (IN) (PA)

Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Corp (WV)

Note: Major electric utility coal consumers are companies that consumed more than 4.12 million short tons of coal in 1997. Major manufacturers are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant

sector. Electric utilities are ranked by consumption and manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, • Electric Utilities: Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’ • Manufacturers: Form EIA-3,

‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’ • Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

134 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England...................................... 7,860 7,024 6,662 6,553 6,485 7,035 11.9 4.9 1.2

Connecticut ....................................... 1,065 931 906 862 788 881 14.4 7.8 2.1

Maine ................................................ 194 234 282 464 449 277 −17.2 −19.0 −3.9

Massachusetts ................................... 4,891 4,477 4,113 3,932 3,811 4,463 9.2 6.4 1.0

New Hampshire ................................ 1,705 1,377 1,355 1,287 1,428 1,229 23.8 4.5 3.7

Rhode Island..................................... 3 3 3 3 3 175 −11.5 −3.0 −36.6

Vermont ............................................ 2 2 3 5 6 11 46.8 −18.8 −14.9

Middle Atlantic .................................. 73,177 70,965 68,462 67,536 70,389 74,653 3.1 1.0 −.2

New Jersey........................................ 2,867 2,402 2,074 1,969 2,353 3,058 19.3 5.0 −.7

New York ......................................... 11,719 11,337 11,062 11,474 11,878 12,956 3.4 −.3 −1.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 58,591 57,226 55,326 54,094 56,158 58,639 2.4 1.1 *

East North Central............................ 233,976 229,000 217,702 213,188 210,632 206,208 2.2 2.7 1.4

Illinois ............................................... 47,621 44,431 39,623 39,077 38,135 33,912 7.2 5.7 3.8

Indiana .............................................. 66,042 64,021 62,631 59,996 60,353 55,830 3.1 2.3 1.9

Michigan ........................................... 35,888 36,694 35,802 35,674 32,217 35,332 −2.2 2.7 .2

Ohio .................................................. 58,933 59,835 56,580 56,711 59,031 61,096 −1.5 * −.4

Wisconsin.......................................... 25,491 24,019 23,066 21,731 20,897 20,038 6.1 5.1 2.7

West North Central........................... 138,156 136,643 131,028 125,591 120,940 113,145 1.1 3.4 2.2

Iowa .................................................. 21,720 21,171 20,636 19,341 19,188 16,114 2.6 3.1 3.4

Kansas............................................... 17,673 19,084 16,521 17,158 17,386 14,951 −7.4 .4 1.9

Minnesota.......................................... 19,086 19,264 18,947 18,729 18,321 17,285 −.9 1.0 1.1

Missouri ............................................ 36,665 34,382 31,753 27,663 23,381 26,119 6.6 11.9 3.8

Nebraska ........................................... 11,211 10,379 10,396 9,300 9,666 8,057 8.0 3.8 3.7

North Dakota .................................... 29,360 30,511 30,237 30,363 30,302 28,029 −3.8 −.8 .5

South Dakota .................................... 2,442 1,852 2,537 3,036 2,696 2,591 31.8 −2.4 −.6

South Atlantic .................................... 170,697 165,545 155,259 151,935 150,580 150,032 3.1 3.2 1.4

Delaware ........................................... 1,866 1,956 2,011 2,226 2,446 2,686 −4.6 −6.5 −4.0

District of Columbia......................... 40 23 6 47 51 31 72.1 −6.0 2.8

Florida............................................... 28,719 28,443 26,526 26,082 26,430 24,595 1.0 2.1 1.7

Georgia.............................................. 32,693 31,158 31,288 29,254 27,081 28,654 4.9 4.8 1.5

Maryland........................................... 11,262 11,366 11,198 10,491 10,268 11,757 −.9 2.3 −.5

North Carolina .................................. 29,608 27,624 24,084 23,282 25,760 20,506 7.2 3.5 4.2

South Carolina .................................. 14,111 13,852 12,279 12,993 12,914 11,937 1.9 2.2 1.9

Virginia ............................................. 15,276 14,983 13,378 12,792 13,584 13,430 1.9 3.0 1.4

West Virginia.................................... 37,122 36,139 34,489 34,767 32,046 36,435 2.7 3.7 .2

East South Central............................ 113,137 110,450 105,830 99,289 104,027 91,829 2.4 2.1 2.3

Alabama ............................................ 36,433 37,052 34,309 31,473 33,047 26,365 −1.7 2.5 3.6

Kentucky........................................... 42,228 40,863 39,516 38,090 39,095 35,176 3.3 1.9 2.0

Mississippi ........................................ 6,273 5,791 4,606 4,285 4,030 5,136 8.3 11.7 2.2

Tennessee.......................................... 28,203 26,744 27,399 25,440 27,854 25,152 5.4 .3 1.3

West South Central........................... 150,348 146,472 139,106 138,251 140,797 127,052 2.6 1.6 1.9

Arkansas............................................ 14,069 14,816 13,540 12,596 11,447 12,555 −5.0 5.3 1.3

Louisiana........................................... 13,874 12,534 13,357 14,100 13,676 12,848 10.7 .3 .8

Oklahoma.......................................... 21,109 20,125 19,596 17,726 18,866 15,006 4.9 2.8 3.9

Texas................................................. 101,297 98,997 92,612 93,829 96,809 86,644 2.3 1.1 1.8

Mountain ............................................ 111,389 107,226 107,923 115,695 110,673 104,471 3.9 .2 .7

Arizona.............................................. 18,205 16,792 16,682 19,580 18,991 14,525 8.4 −1.0 2.5

Colorado............................................ 17,960 17,222 16,971 17,475 17,070 15,860 4.3 1.3 1.4

Idaho ................................................. 361 397 465 534 528 524 −9.2 −9.1 −4.1

Montana ............................................ 9,517 8,032 10,005 11,089 9,247 10,634 18.5 .7 −1.2

Nevada .............................................. 7,440 7,604 7,340 7,968 7,806 8,276 −2.1 −1.2 −1.2

New Mexico ..................................... 15,887 15,297 15,221 15,374 15,012 14,715 3.8 1.4 .8

Utah................................................... 15,923 15,237 15,307 16,216 15,848 14,513 4.5 .1 1.0

Wyoming .......................................... 26,096 26,646 25,933 27,459 26,171 25,424 −2.1 −.1 .3

Pacific.................................................. 8,885 10,008 8,908 12,162 11,422 8,641 −11.2 −6.1 .3

Alaska ............................................... 740 706 815 796 863 276 4.9 −3.8 11.6

California .......................................... 2,134 2,317 2,618 2,498 2,453 2,209 −7.9 −3.4 −.4

Hawaii............................................... 145 169 192 86 73 50 −14.3 18.8 12.5

Oregon .............................................. 917 1,134 1,125 2,479 2,099 177 −19.1 −18.7 20.1

Washington ....................................... 4,948 5,682 4,158 6,303 5,934 5,929 −12.9 −4.4 −2.0

Other Power Producers .................... 21,603 22,239 21,158 21,260 18,137 − −2.9 4.5 −

U.S. Total............................................ 1,029,229 1,005,573 962,039 951,461 944,081 883,642 2.4 2.2 1.7

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Regional totals for 1988 may not sum to the U.S. total due to distribution to unknown State.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; and EIA-867, ‘‘Annual Non-utility Power Producer

Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 135 
Figure 10. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1988-1997

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Million Short Tons

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Total Consumer Stocks

Industrial and Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

136 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ 816 1,297 969 1,117 989 1,138 −37.1 −4.7 −3.6

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − 28 −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − * −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 8,658 8,857 10,303 12,060 12,265 12,800 −2.2 −8.3 −4.3

East North Central Total ................. 31,231 30,815 33,818 35,833 30,162 44,167 1.3 .9 −3.8

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 6,643 7,955 9,298 11,707 7,798 11,488 −16.5 −3.9 −5.9

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 6,324 5,428 5,936 7,815 7,630 7,823 16.5 −4.6 −2.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 4,427 4,459 3,656 3,436 3,193 4,521 −.7 8.5 −.2

West North Central Total ................ 14,833 18,327 18,713 17,717 14,898 21,079 −19.1 −.1 −3.8

Iowa .................................................. 2,944 4,612 4,447 4,178 3,819 5,076 −36.2 −6.3 −5.9

Kansas............................................... 2,298 2,984 3,860 2,623 2,024 3,334 −23.0 3.2 −4.0

Minnesota.......................................... 1,994 1,738 1,985 2,234 1,250 2,671 14.7 12.4 −3.2

Missouri ............................................ 3,851 5,317 4,779 4,570 3,704 4,744 −27.6 1.0 −2.3

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 3,508 3,438 3,268 3,914 3,541 4,924 2.0 −.2 −3.7

Georgia.............................................. 2,407 3,848 3,786 4,843 2,926 5,539 −37.4 −4.8 −8.8

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 2,024 2,671 2,855 4,318 3,059 3,990 −24.2 −9.8 −7.3

South Carolina .................................. 2,021 2,177 2,194 2,533 1,893 1,984 −7.2 1.6 .2

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 2,971 2,858 3,648 4,132 2,797 4,898 3.9 1.5 −5.4

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 1,826 1,500 1,884 1,764 1,877 4,177 21.7 −.7 −8.8

West South Central Total ................ 11,344 19,886 20,564 15,959 15,105 17,254 −42.9 −6.9 −4.5

Arkansas............................................ 954 2,719 2,820 1,777 1,881 1,917 −64.9 −15.6 −7.5

Louisiana........................................... 1,258 2,480 2,669 1,922 2,000 2,849 −49.3 −10.9 −8.7

Oklahoma.......................................... 2,592 4,210 4,246 2,467 2,052 2,823 −38.4 6.0 −.9

Texas................................................. 6,540 10,477 10,829 9,793 9,172 9,665 −37.6 −8.1 −4.2

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona.............................................. 1,414 2,024 3,032 3,242 3,717 4,229 −30.1 −21.5 −11.5

Colorado............................................ 2,476 3,054 3,682 3,145 3,454 3,800 −18.9 −8.0 −4.6

Idaho ................................................. 105 77 118 78 86 126 36.3 5.1 −2.0

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 1,555 2,267 2,936 2,553 1,841 2,879 −31.4 −4.1 −6.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 1,163 1,274 2,586 877 918 1,960 −8.7 6.1 −5.6

Alaska ............................................... * 1 1 2 5 3 −56.3 −48.3 −20.2

California .......................................... 118 150 133 126 93 155 −21.3 6.2 −3.0

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 882 857 1,969 569 459 952 2.9 17.8 −.8

U.S. Total............................................ 106,837 122,979 134,639 136,139 120,458 158,413 −13.1 −2.9 −4.3

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Stocks for the residential and commercial sector are not included. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form

EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 137 
Table 69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State,

1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ 7,583 6,701 6,272 5,945 5,736 6,330 13.2 7.2 2.0

Connecticut ....................................... 1,058 925 881 821 745 854 14.3 9.2 2.4

Massachusetts ................................... 4,826 4,406 4,044 3,845 3,652 4,260 9.5 7.2 1.4

New Hampshire ................................ 1,699 1,369 1,346 1,279 1,339 1,217 24.1 6.1 3.8

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 54,179 51,718 49,357 48,326 51,079 55,059 4.8 1.5 −.2

New Jersey........................................ 2,851 2,387 2,054 1,887 2,123 2,773 19.4 7.6 .3

New York ......................................... 8,726 8,254 8,051 8,395 8,699 9,120 5.7 .1 −.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 42,603 41,076 39,252 38,044 40,257 43,166 3.7 1.4 −.1

East North Central Total ................. 204,251 198,900 187,490 183,282 179,833 163,462 2.7 3.2 2.5

Illinois ............................................... 41,017 38,090 33,463 32,599 31,744 26,681 7.7 6.6 4.9

Indiana .............................................. 54,845 52,855 52,089 50,554 48,836 40,060 3.8 2.9 3.5

Michigan ........................................... 31,928 32,175 31,165 31,106 28,749 29,968 −.8 2.6 .7

Ohio .................................................. 52,893 53,543 49,785 49,326 51,456 48,893 −1.2 .7 .9

Wisconsin.......................................... 23,568 22,236 20,987 19,696 19,049 17,861 6.0 5.5 3.1

West North Central Total ................ 123,968 122,419 116,720 111,672 107,584 101,097 1.3 3.6 2.3

Iowa .................................................. 18,195 17,864 17,785 16,565 16,623 13,921 1.8 2.3 3.0

Kansas............................................... 17,534 18,853 16,345 16,989 17,226 14,742 −7.0 .4 1.9

Minnesota.......................................... 17,490 17,459 17,282 17,046 16,844 16,259 .2 .9 .8

Missouri ............................................ 35,193 33,059 30,440 26,375 21,945 24,356 6.4 12.5 4.2

Nebraska ........................................... 10,796 10,091 10,048 8,879 9,297 7,744 7.0 3.8 3.8

North Dakota .................................... 22,754 23,640 22,680 23,248 23,290 21,686 −3.7 −.6 .5

South Dakota .................................... 2,005 1,453 2,137 2,570 2,360 2,388 38.0 −4.0 −1.9

South Atlantic Total.......................... 155,499 149,354 138,134 133,984 132,885 128,628 4.1 4.0 2.1

Delaware ........................................... 1,686 1,787 1,816 2,007 2,223 2,420 −5.7 −6.7 −3.9

Florida............................................... 27,372 27,172 25,200 24,758 25,108 23,528 .7 2.2 1.7

Georgia.............................................. 30,631 29,171 29,280 27,293 25,339 26,513 5.0 4.8 1.6

Maryland........................................... 10,417 10,540 10,141 9,717 9,521 9,020 −1.2 2.3 1.6

North Carolina .................................. 27,206 25,083 21,424 20,624 23,055 17,766 8.5 4.2 4.8

South Carolina .................................. 12,096 11,833 10,074 10,597 10,410 9,210 2.2 3.8 3.1

Virginia ............................................. 11,605 10,994 9,543 8,670 9,447 8,469 5.5 5.3 3.6

West Virginia.................................... 34,487 32,775 30,657 30,318 27,782 31,704 5.2 5.5 .9

East South Central Total.................. 99,620 96,809 92,262 85,622 90,365 77,689 2.9 2.5 2.8

Alabama ............................................ 30,840 31,216 28,759 25,817 27,533 20,002 −1.2 2.9 4.9

Kentucky........................................... 38,281 37,072 35,707 34,564 35,264 31,818 3.3 2.1 2.1

Mississippi ........................................ 6,035 5,558 4,319 3,989 3,767 4,859 8.6 12.5 2.4

Tennessee.......................................... 24,464 22,964 23,477 21,253 23,801 21,010 6.5 .7 1.7

West South Central Total ................ 144,218 140,493 132,633 131,168 134,009 121,919 2.6 1.8 1.9

Arkansas............................................ 13,772 14,467 13,216 12,250 11,116 12,295 −4.8 5.5 1.3

Louisiana........................................... 13,807 12,450 12,930 13,479 13,089 12,301 10.9 1.3 1.3

Oklahoma.......................................... 20,101 19,386 18,130 16,961 17,668 14,435 3.7 3.3 3.7

Texas................................................. 96,537 94,189 88,358 88,479 92,135 82,889 2.5 1.2 1.7

Mountain Total.................................. 105,216 101,507 101,013 108,651 104,093 98,351 3.6 .3 .8

Arizona.............................................. 17,503 16,117 16,021 18,853 18,316 13,932 8.6 −1.1 2.6

Colorado............................................ 17,116 16,841 16,222 16,596 16,252 15,087 1.6 1.3 1.4

Montana ............................................ 9,286 7,897 9,373 10,513 8,869 10,410 17.6 1.1 −1.3

Nevada .............................................. 7,261 7,424 7,084 7,772 7,608 8,153 −2.2 −1.2 −1.3

New Mexico ..................................... 15,802 15,215 15,137 15,297 14,942 14,661 3.9 1.4 .8

Utah................................................... 14,252 13,584 13,325 14,269 13,995 12,544 4.9 .4 1.4

Wyoming .......................................... 23,997 24,430 23,850 25,350 24,111 23,563 −1.8 −.1 .2

Pacific Total ....................................... 5,827 6,780 5,127 8,621 7,924 5,837 −14.0 −7.4 *

Alaska ............................................... 235 229 293 271 298 276 2.5 −5.7 −1.8

Oregon .............................................. 821 1,044 977 2,333 1,981 − −21.3 −19.8 −

Washington ....................................... 4,770 5,507 3,857 6,016 5,646 5,561 −13.4 −4.1 −1.7

U.S. Total............................................ 900,361 874,681 829,007 817,270 813,508 758,372 2.9 2.6 1.9

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

138 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division

and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

 R New England Total............................ 754 1,236 908 1,079 967 1,110 −39.0 −6.0 −4.2

Connecticut ....................................... 66 173 164 202 160 − −61.8 −19.8 −

Massachusetts ................................... 389 704 425 629 449 737 −44.7 −3.5 −6.8 R New Hampshire ................................ 298 359 319 248 358 344 −17.0 −4.4 −1.6

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − 28 −− − R Middle Atlantic Total........................ 9,175 9,606 11,064 12,687 12,564 13,757 −4.5 −7.5 −4.4

New Jersey........................................ 566 824 804 688 501 528 −31.3 3.1 .8

New York ......................................... 819 905 1,015 999 953 1,432 −9.5 −3.7 −6.0 R Pennsylvania ..................................... 7,790 7,878 9,244 11,000 11,110 11,798 −1.1 −8.5 −4.5 R East North Central Total ................. 28,051 27,618 30,505 32,088 27,296 39,549 1.6 .7 −3.7 R Illinois ............................................... 4,828 4,578 5,331 4,526 4,019 9,179 5.4 4.7 −6.9 R Indiana .............................................. 5,822 7,103 8,435 10,449 6,935 9,997 −18.0 −4.3 −5.8 R Michigan ........................................... 7,222 6,530 7,708 6,505 6,206 8,991 10.6 3.9 −2.4 R Ohio .................................................. 6,066 5,229 5,661 7,499 7,249 7,218 16.0 −4.3 −1.9 R Wisconsin.......................................... 4,113 4,178 3,371 3,109 2,887 4,165 −1.5 9.3 −.1 R West North Central Total ................ 13,707 17,107 17,732 16,739 14,123 19,950 −19.9 −.7 −4.1 R Iowa .................................................. 2,447 4,042 3,923 3,642 3,401 4,456 −39.5 −7.9 −6.4 R Kansas............................................... 2,282 2,968 3,850 2,610 2,008 3,300 −23.1 3.3 −4.0 R Minnesota.......................................... 1,737 1,461 1,898 2,134 1,182 2,579 18.9 10.1 −4.3 R Missouri ............................................ 3,670 5,159 4,641 4,410 3,555 4,541 −28.9 .8 −2.3 R Nebraska ........................................... 1,596 1,691 1,409 1,276 1,272 1,593 −5.6 5.8 *

North Dakota .................................... 1,755 1,642 1,858 2,406 2,417 3,166 6.8 −7.7 −6.3

South Dakota .................................... 219 143 153 259 287 314 53.4 −6.5 −3.9 R South Atlantic Total.......................... 16,141 18,662 18,851 23,226 17,877 23,741 −13.5 −2.5 −4.2

Delaware ........................................... 319 322 363 470 192 498 −1.1 13.4 −4.8 R Florida............................................... 3,441 3,349 3,204 3,813 3,451 4,804 2.7 −.1 −3.6

Georgia.............................................. 2,279 3,727 3,657 4,699 2,825 5,288 −38.9 −5.2 −8.9 R Maryland........................................... 1,188 1,346 1,038 1,306 1,455 1,476 −11.7 −4.9 −2.4 R North Carolina .................................. 1,912 2,559 2,715 4,139 2,887 3,727 −25.3 −9.8 −7.1 R South Carolina .................................. 1,809 1,979 2,033 2,255 1,648 1,661 −8.6 2.4 .9

Virginia ............................................. 1,152 1,010 1,098 2,064 1,418 1,211 14.1 −5.0 −.5 R West Virginia.................................... 4,042 4,370 4,744 4,479 4,001 5,077 −7.5 .3 −2.5 R East South Central Total.................. 9,329 8,514 10,148 10,317 8,370 13,351 9.6 2.7 −3.9 R Alabama ............................................ 2,609 2,526 3,282 3,652 2,331 4,462 3.3 2.8 −5.8 R Kentucky........................................... 4,475 4,119 4,472 4,466 3,990 4,124 8.6 2.9 .9

 R Mississippi ........................................ 614 602 724 690 417 870 1.9 10.2 −3.8 R Tennessee.......................................... 1,630 1,266 1,670 1,509 1,632 3,895 28.8 * −9.2 R West South Central Total ................ 11,050 19,525 20,195 15,520 13,867 16,272 −43.4 −5.5 −4.2 R Arkansas............................................ 934 2,701 2,790 1,751 1,866 1,899 −65.4 −15.9 −7.6 R Louisiana........................................... 1,248 2,470 2,659 1,872 1,932 2,772 −49.5 −10.3 −8.5 R Oklahoma.......................................... 2,516 4,067 4,118 2,319 1,944 2,678 −38.1 6.6 −.7 R Texas................................................. 6,352 10,287 10,628 9,578 8,125 8,922 −38.2 −6.0 −3.7 R Mountain Total.................................. 9,667 11,304 14,562 14,559 15,529 17,079 −14.5 −11.2 −6.1 R Arizona.............................................. 1,386 1,992 2,998 3,197 3,687 4,187 −30.4 −21.7 −11.6 R Colorado............................................ 2,458 3,027 3,622 3,118 3,428 3,763 −18.8 −8.0 −4.6 R Montana ............................................ 410 508 511 517 721 913 −19.4 −13.2 −8.5 R Nevada .............................................. 812 1,239 1,356 1,034 1,195 1,434 −34.5 −9.2 −6.1 R New Mexico ..................................... 795 815 967 1,462 1,506 1,392 −2.5 −14.8 −6.0

Utah................................................... 2,309 1,526 2,250 2,753 3,264 2,772 51.3 −8.3 −2.0 R Wyoming .......................................... 1,498 2,197 2,857 2,476 1,728 2,619 −31.8 −3.5 −6.0

Pacific Total ....................................... 952 1,052 2,341 683 748 1,698 −9.5 6.2 −6.2

Alaska ............................................... * 1 1 2 5 3 −56.3 −48.3 −20.2

Oregon .............................................. 83 203 399 150 312 786 −59.0 −28.1 −22.1 R Washington ....................................... 868 848 1,941 531 431 910 2.3 19.1 −.5

 R U.S. Total............................................ 98,826 114,623 126,304 126,897 111,341 146,507 −13.8 −2.9 −4.3

* Data round to zero.

R Revised Data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 139 
Table 71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and

State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ 226 268 321 553 647 571 −15.6 −23.1 −9.8

Connecticut ....................................... − − wwww −− −

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − * − w w −− −

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − w w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − w w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 1,419 1,449 1,408 1,559 1,704 1,844 −2.0 −4.5 −2.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 4,410 4,466 4,027 4,044 4,311 3,942 −1.3 .6 1.3

East North Central Total ................. 16,989 17,113 16,566 17,098 17,699 21,646 −.7 −1.0 −2.6

Illinois ............................................... 3,863 3,740 3,653 4,187 3,970 4,364 3.3 −.7 −1.3

Indiana .............................................. 5,086 4,987 4,373 4,244 4,587 4,784 2.0 2.6 .7

Michigan ........................................... 2,415 2,914 2,983 2,890 3,230 4,369 −17.1 −7.0 −6.4

Ohio .................................................. 3,863 3,794 3,609 3,794 4,100 6,030 1.8 −1.5 −4.8

Wisconsin.......................................... 1,761 1,678 1,949 1,984 1,811 2,099 4.9 −.7 −1.9

West North Central Total ................ 13,182 13,415 13,581 13,238 12,753 11,018 −1.7 .8 2.0

Iowa .................................................. 3,151 3,085 2,761 2,735 2,494 1,808 2.1 6.0 6.4

Kansas............................................... 137 154 138 137 137 208 −10.9 * −4.5

Minnesota.......................................... 1,490 1,649 1,401 1,455 1,370 792 −9.6 2.1 7.3

Missouri ............................................ 1,206 1,118 1,102 1,070 1,177 1,539 7.8 .6 −2.7

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... 436 398 393 451 335 199 9.6 6.8 9.1

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 1,347 1,270 1,325 1,303 1,307 1,065 6.1 .8 2.6

Georgia.............................................. 2,046 1,985 1,949 1,933 1,720 2,115 3.1 4.4 −.4

Maryland........................................... 790 785 760 738 731 694 .6 2.0 1.4

North Carolina .................................. 2,210 2,336 2,437 2,396 2,476 2,536 −5.4 −2.8 −1.5

South Carolina .................................. 2,014 2,000 2,188 2,334 2,395 2,602 .7 −4.2 −2.8

Virginia ............................................. 2,502 2,613 2,585 2,838 2,863 3,745 −4.2 −3.3 −4.4

West Virginia.................................... 1,652 1,630 1,984 2,637 2,406 2,598 1.3 −9.0 −4.9

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 2,565 2,545 2,286 2,394 2,268 2,843 .8 3.1 −1.1

Kentucky........................................... 2,251 2,322 2,250 1,994 2,392 1,702 −3.1 −1.5 3.1

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 3,608 3,670 3,777 4,097 3,942 3,883 −1.7 −2.2 −.8

West South Central Total ................ 5,839 5,978 6,456 7,082 6,780 5,078 −2.3 −3.7 1.6

Arkansas............................................ 297 348 325 346 330 260 −14.8 −2.6 1.5

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas................................................. 4,759 4,808 4,255 5,350 4,667 3,708 −1.0 .5 2.8

Mountain Total.................................. 4,702 4,141 5,615 5,614 5,163 4,425 13.6 −2.3 .7

Arizona.............................................. 702 675 657 727 674 593 4.0 1.0 1.9

Colorado............................................ 780 367 729 857 780 679 112.4 * 1.6

Idaho ................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 527 512 915 835 727 597 3.1 −7.7 −1.4

Wyoming .......................................... 1,959 1,835 1,937 1,867 1,873 1,722 6.8 1.1 1.4

Pacific Total ....................................... 2,424 2,553 3,047 2,769 2,677 2,677 −5.0 −2.4 −1.1

Alaska ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

California .......................................... 2,026 2,140 2,485 2,332 2,311 2,203 −5.3 −3.2 −.9

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 156 152 223 201 174 252 2.9 −2.6 −5.2

U.S. Total............................................ 70,599 70,941 73,055 75,179 74,892 76,252 −.5 −1.5 −.8

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Regional totals for 1988 may not sum to the U.S. total due to distribution of coal to unknown State.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

140 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division

and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ 62 60 60 38 21 29 2.7 30.6 9.0

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... 255 192 203 250 321 371 32.8 −5.5 −4.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 220 231 218 298 287 370 −4.9 −6.4 −5.6

East North Central Total ................. 1,926 1,862 2,031 2,462 2,044 2,929 3.4 −1.5 −4.5

Illinois ............................................... 237 252 333 426 368 545 −6.0 −10.4 −8.8

Indiana .............................................. 379 384 451 690 470 682 −1.2 −5.2 −6.3

Michigan ........................................... 825 827 822 865 702 1,080 −.2 4.1 −2.9

Ohio .................................................. 170 118 138 153 198 265 44.6 −3.7 −4.8

Wisconsin.......................................... 314 281 286 328 306 356 11.8 .6 −1.4

West North Central Total ................ 1,126 1,220 981 978 775 1,129 −7.7 9.8 *

Iowa .................................................. 497 570 524 535 418 620 −12.8 4.4 −2.4

Kansas............................................... 16 16 10 13 16 34 .1 .3 −8.1

Minnesota.......................................... 257 277 87 99 68 92 −7.3 39.7 12.1

Missouri ............................................ 182 158 138 159 148 203 14.9 5.2 −1.2

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... 24 17 58 20 12 13 40.9 19.5 6.8

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 67 89 64 101 90 120 −24.6 −7.0 −6.2

Georgia.............................................. 128 121 129 144 101 251 6.0 6.3 −7.2

Maryland........................................... 16 30 24 36 41 38 −47.4 −21.0 −9.1

North Carolina .................................. 112 112 140 179 172 264 −.4 −10.2 −9.1

South Carolina .................................. 212 198 160 278 245 324 6.9 −3.6 −4.6

Virginia ............................................. 149 133 177 217 216 321 11.9 −8.9 −8.2

West Virginia.................................... 116 136 105 130 167 190 −14.4 −8.6 −5.3

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 174 135 133 183 132 144 28.7 7.0 2.1

Kentucky........................................... 86 83 120 112 73 121 3.8 4.2 −3.7

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 196 234 215 256 246 281 −16.3 −5.5 −3.9

West South Central Total ................ 294 361 370 439 1,218 961 −18.6 −29.9 −12.3

Arkansas............................................ 20 18 29 26 15 18 8.6 6.8 .8

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas................................................. 188 190 201 215 1,026 722 −1.1 −34.6 −13.9

Mountain Total.................................. 228 231 313 267 332 576 −1.4 −8.9 −9.8

Arizona.............................................. 28 32 34 45 30 42 −12.6 −1.6 −4.2

Colorado............................................ 18 27 59 26 25 37 −33.8 −8.0 −7.6

Idaho ................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 3 5 7 13 20 74 −48.0 −39.1 −30.5

Wyoming .......................................... 57 71 79 77 113 260 −20.0 −15.9 −15.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 212 222 245 194 170 262 −4.7 5.6 −2.3

California .......................................... 118 150 133 126 93 155 −21.3 6.2 −3.0

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 14 8 28 38 27 42 61.3 −15.9 −11.7

U.S. Total............................................ 5,597 5,688 5,702 6,585 6,716 8,768 −1.6 −4.4 −4.9

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Other industrial plants include manufacturing plants only. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 141 
Table 73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 10,334 10,689 10,858 10,849 10,333 10,146 −3.3 * 0.2

East North Central Total ................. 11,366 11,414 12,345 11,356 11,643 19,234 −.4 −0.6 −5.7

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 5,715 5,823 5,883 4,841 6,591 10,355 −1.8 −3.5 −6.4

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 1,848 1,842 2,777 3,092 2,892 5,448 .3 −10.6 −11.3

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − w −− −

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 2,956 3,247 3,257 3,253 3,206 3,383 −9.0 −2.0 −1.5

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w −− −

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ 30,203 31,706 33,011 31,740 31,323 41,888 −4.7 −.9 −3.6

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Table 74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 648 748 841 762 868 632 −13.4 −7.0 0.3

East North Central Total ................. 1,254 1,335 1,282 1,282 822 1,689 −6.1 11.1 −3.3

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 442 469 412 567 394 809 −5.7 2.9 −6.5

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 87 81 136 163 183 340 7.4 −16.9 −14.0

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − w −− −

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 188 197 233 297 333 292 −4.4 −13.3 −4.7

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w −− −

West South Central Total ................ −−−− 21 21 −− −

Texas................................................. − − − − 21 21 −− −

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ 2,414 2,667 2,632 2,657 2,401 3,137 −9.4 .1 −2.9

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

142 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census

Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ 51 55 69 56 102 134 −6.9 −15.6 −10.1

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Vermont ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 1,504 1,285 1,416 1,351 1,498 1,717 17.0 .1 −1.5

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 1,244 995 1,188 1,156 1,257 1,385 25.1 −.3 −1.2

East North Central Total ................. 1,370 1,574 1,301 1,452 1,458 1,867 −13.0 −1.5 −3.4

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 395 356 287 356 339 631 11.0 3.9 −5.1

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 329 656 409 498 584 726 −49.9 −13.4 −8.4

Wisconsin.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West North Central Total ................ w w w w w ww w w

Iowa .................................................. 374 222 90 40 70 385 68.4 51.8 −.3

Kansas............................................... 2 78 38 32 23 1 −97.0 −43.5 17.1

Minnesota.......................................... 105 156 264 229 107 234 −32.4 −.5 −8.5

Missouri ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... 598 803 954 887 904 920 −25.5 −9.8 −4.7

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

District of Columbia......................... 40 23 6 47 51 31 72.1 −6.0 2.8

Florida............................................... − 1 1 20 16 3 −− −

Georgia.............................................. 17 3 59 28 22 27 440.7 −6.9 −5.3

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 192 206 224 263 229 204 −6.5 −4.3 −.6

South Carolina .................................. 1 19 17 61 109 126 −95.3 −70.0 −42.4

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. 557 272 283 386 417 680 105.0 7.5 −2.2

Alabama ............................................ 73 44 7 11 40 137 65.3 16.1 −6.8

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ w −−− w w − w w

Tennessee.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West South Central Total ................ 291 1 17 1 8 56 NM 144.8 20.1

Arkansas ............................................ * − − *1* − −58.6 −17.3

Louisiana ........................................... w − w − w w − w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas ................................................. * − − * 6 47 − −67.4 −51.5

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona .............................................. * * 5 * 1 * 6.5 −32.6 4.9

Colorado............................................ 65 13 20 23 38 94 384.6 14.4 −4.1

Idaho ................................................. 30 28 39 40 43 76 7.2 −8.4 −9.8

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 140 382 146 242 187 139 −63.2 −6.9 .1

Pacific Total ....................................... 634 675 734 773 821 128 −6.1 −6.3 19.5

Alaska ............................................... 503 474 523 520 563 − 6.0 −2.8 −

California .......................................... 109 177 133 166 142 6 −38.7 −6.5 37.3

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 22 23 78 86 114 116 −7.8 −34.0 −17.0

U.S. Total............................................ 6,463 6,006 5,807 6,013 6,221 7,130 7.6 .9 −1.1

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Regional totals for 1988 may not sum to the U.S. total due to distribution of coal to unknown State.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 143 
Figure 11. U.S. Coal Exports, 1988-1997

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Million Short Tons

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Exports to Canada

Exports to Japan

Exports to Europe

Total Exports

146 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... 16,947 13,609 10,411 9,505 9,219 19,672 24.5 16.4 −1.6

Canada1 ............................................ 14,975 12,029 9,427 9,193 8,889 19,232 24.5 13.9 −2.7

Mexico .............................................. 1,899 1,509 871 241 250 304 25.9 66.1 22.6

Other2 ............................................... 73 72 113 71 81 136 .3 −2.6 −6.7

South America Total......................... 8,214 7,505 6,968 5,946 5,750 5,959 9.4 9.3 3.6

Argentina .......................................... 325 304 342 453 524 610 7.1 −11.2 −6.7

Brazil................................................. 7,455 6,540 6,351 5,482 5,197 5,252 14.0 9.4 4.0

Chile.................................................. 146 574 227 * * 56 −74.6 492.9 11.2

Other2 ............................................... 288 87 49 12 28 40 231.7 79.1 24.4

Europe Total ...................................... 41,331 47,193 48,620 35,825 37,575 45,137 −12.4 2.4 −1.0

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 4,319 4,569 4,501 4,911 5,229 6,490 −5.5 −4.7 −4.4

Bulgaria............................................. 1,114 1,387 1,339 1,238 906 − −19.6 5.3 −

Denmark............................................ 350 1,316 2,100 477 336 2,804 −73.4 1.0 −20.6

Finland .............................................. 662 704 1,308 377 252 68 −6.0 27.2 28.7

France................................................ 3,398 3,852 3,659 2,875 3,972 4,302 −11.8 −3.8 −2.6

Germany, FR .................................... 870 1,055 1,953 323 508 702 −17.5 14.4 2.4

Greece ............................................... * 292 * − * * −99.9 .2 −4.8

Iceland............................................... 54 62 39 7 − 50 −13.3 − .9

Ireland ............................................... 637 765 914 974 985 1,469 −16.8 −10.3 −8.9

Italy ................................................... 7,019 9,204 9,063 7,543 6,918 11,070 −23.7 .4 −4.9

Netherlands ....................................... 4,825 7,058 7,301 4,874 5,562 5,086 −31.6 −3.5 −.6

Norway.............................................. 96 85 120 87 101 269 13.4 −1.1 −10.8

Portugal............................................. 1,470 1,803 1,752 1,057 1,491 883 −18.4 −.3 5.8

Romania ............................................ 2,244 1,512 1,984 1,553 720 1,512 48.4 32.9 4.5

Spain ................................................. 4,134 4,093 4,653 4,132 4,064 2,542 1.0 .4 5.5

Sweden.............................................. 834 1,070 1,117 702 736 718 −22.0 3.1 1.7

Turkey............................................... 2,092 2,167 2,011 1,335 1,605 2,023 −3.5 6.8 .4

United Kingdom ............................... 7,185 6,196 4,726 3,363 4,111 3,671 16.0 15.0 7.7

Other2 ............................................... 29 4 78 * 78 1,478 NM −22.3 −35.5

Asia Total ........................................... 14,498 17,980 19,095 17,957 19,500 23,075 −19.4 −7.1 −5.0

China (Taiwan)................................. 2,241 2,441 2,533 3,374 3,435 4,674 −8.2 −10.1 −7.8

Israel.................................................. 593 1,202 760 864 849 243 −50.6 −8.6 10.4

Japan ................................................. 7,974 10,529 11,787 10,158 11,878 14,122 −24.3 −9.5 −6.1

Korea, Republic of ........................... 3,489 3,773 4,012 3,558 3,316 3,939 −7.5 1.3 −1.3

Other2 ............................................... 201 36 2 3 22 96 461.0 74.6 8.6

Oceania & Australia Total............... 11*112 −10.9 −5.8 −9.7

Other2 ............................................... 1 1 * 1 1 2 −10.9 −5.8 −9.7

Africa Total........................................ 2,554 4,184 3,453 2,124 2,474 1,178 −38.9 .8 9.0

Algeria .............................................. 264 177 220 355 409 708 49.6 −10.3 −10.4

Egypt................................................. 1,130 1,038 1,235 1,048 868 431 8.9 6.8 11.3

Morocco ............................................ 142 1,650 1,212 83 587 39 −91.4 −29.9 15.4

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 987 1,320 786 638 567 − −25.2 14.8 −

Other2 ............................................... 31 −−− 42 * − −7.3 97.3

Total .................................................... 83,545 90,473 88,547 71,359 74,519 95,023 −7.6 2.9 −1.4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1996.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 147 
Table 77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... 5,355 6,500 4,776 4,246 4,853 7,556 −17.6 2.5 −3.8

Canada1 ............................................ 4,891 6,030 4,452 4,032 4,663 7,278 −18.9 1.2 −4.3

Mexico .............................................. 463 470 324 214 190 201 −1.4 25.0 9.7

Other2 ............................................... − − − − * 77 − −100.0 −100.0

South America Total......................... 7,641 6,814 6,778 5,926 5,514 5,771 12.1 8.5 3.2

Argentina .......................................... 277 291 336 449 487 610 −4.6 −13.1 −8.4

Brazil................................................. 7,364 6,445 6,336 5,477 5,027 5,105 14.3 10.0 4.1

Chile.................................................. − 78 106 − − 56 −100.0 − −100.0

Other2 ............................................... − * − − − − −100.0 − −

Europe Total ...................................... 28,802 28,253 27,282 25,245 26,791 31,771 1.9 1.8 −1.1

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 3,372 3,445 3,468 3,706 4,030 5,594 −2.1 −4.3 −5.5

Bulgaria............................................. 1,114 1,214 1,339 1,184 849 − −8.2 7.0 −

Denmark............................................ − − − − 106 136 − −100.0 −100.0

Finland .............................................. 501 540 724 311 252 68 −7.1 18.8 24.8

France................................................ 3,056 3,084 3,155 2,816 3,101 4,278 −.9 −.4 −3.7

Germany, FR .................................... 650 538 231 288 203 646 20.8 33.8 .1

Iceland............................................... 54 54 39 7 − −−1.1 − −

Ireland ............................................... 121 − − − − 27 − − 18.3

Italy ................................................... 4,581 5,293 4,504 5,045 4,965 6,395 −13.4 −2.0 −3.6

Netherlands ....................................... 4,114 4,142 3,978 3,231 3,743 2,727 −.7 2.4 4.7

Norway.............................................. 90 61 92 73 70 123 46.8 6.3 −3.4

Portugal............................................. 214 174 30 − 149 200 22.8 9.5 .8

Romania ............................................ 2,148 1,512 1,685 663 373 1,512 42.1 54.9 4.0

Spain ................................................. 2,251 2,103 2,178 2,656 2,994 2,501 7.1 −6.9 −1.2

Sweden.............................................. 834 987 1,109 702 736 587 −15.5 3.1 4.0

Turkey............................................... 2,087 2,027 1,806 1,335 1,604 2,018 3.0 6.8 .4

United Kingdom ............................... 3,615 3,081 2,932 3,228 3,573 3,543 17.3 .3 .2

Other2 ............................................... * − 13 − 43 1,418 − −80.1 −66.9

Asia Total ........................................... 7,978 8,814 11,014 9,877 10,608 15,713 −9.5 −6.9 −7.3

China (Taiwan)................................. 555 376 370 296 285 686 47.6 18.1 −2.3

Israel.................................................. 137 265 141 − − −−48.5 − −

Japan ................................................. 4,791 5,552 7,929 7,195 8,028 12,116 −13.7 −12.1 −9.8

Korea, Republic of ........................... 2,472 2,597 2,574 2,386 2,276 2,823 −4.8 2.1 −1.5

Other2 ............................................... 23 24 − − 19 88 −1.0 5.3 −13.8

Africa Total........................................ 2,379 2,570 2,239 2,040 1,886 1,139 −7.4 6.0 8.5

Algeria .............................................. 264 177 220 355 409 708 49.6 −10.3 −10.4

Egypt................................................. 1,128 1,037 1,233 1,047 868 431 8.8 6.8 11.3

Morocco ............................................ − 37 − − − − −100.0 − −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 987 1,320 786 638 567 − −25.2 14.8 −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − 42 −− −100.0 −

Total .................................................... 52,154 52,950 52,089 47,334 49,652 61,950 −1.5 1.2 −1.9

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1996.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

148 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... 11,592 7,110 5,635 5,259 4,366 12,116 63.0 27.6 −0.5

Canada1 ............................................ 10,084 5,999 4,975 5,161 4,225 11,954 68.1 24.3 −1.9

Mexico .............................................. 1,435 1,039 547 26 60 103 38.2 121.4 33.9

Other2 ............................................... 73 72 113 71 81 59 .3 −2.6 2.3

South America Total......................... 573 691 190 20 236 188 −17.1 24.8 13.2

Argentina .......................................... 48 13 6 4 38 * 263.3 6.3 76.1

Brazil................................................. 90 95 15 5 170 147 −4.8 −14.6 −5.2

Chile.................................................. 146 496 121 * * * −70.6 492.9 100.1

Other2 ............................................... 288 87 49 12 28 40 232.4 79.1 24.4

Europe Total ...................................... 12,530 18,940 21,338 10,580 10,784 13,366 −33.8 3.8 −.7

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 947 1,125 1,033 1,205 1,199 897 −15.8 −5.7 .6

Bulgaria............................................. − 173 − 54 57 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Denmark............................................ 350 1,316 2,100 477 230 2,668 −73.4 11.0 −20.2

Finland .............................................. 160 164 584 66 1 − −2.3 296.1 −

France................................................ 342 769 503 58 870 24 −55.5 −20.8 34.5

Germany, FR .................................... 221 517 1,722 35 305 56 −57.3 −7.8 16.5

Greece ............................................... * 292 * − * * −99.9 .2 −4.8

Iceland............................................... − 8 − − − 50 −100.0 − −100.0

Ireland ............................................... 516 765 914 974 985 1,443 −32.5 −14.9 −10.8

Italy ................................................... 2,438 3,911 4,559 2,498 1,954 4,675 −37.7 5.7 −7.0

Netherlands ....................................... 711 2,917 3,323 1,643 1,819 2,358 −75.6 −20.9 −12.5

Norway.............................................. 7 24 28 13 31 146 −72.2 −31.7 −29.1

Portugal............................................. 1,256 1,628 1,722 1,057 1,342 684 −22.8 −1.6 7.0

Romania ............................................ 96 − 299 890 347 −− −27.6 −

Spain ................................................. 1,883 1,990 2,475 1,476 1,070 41 −5.4 15.2 52.9

Sweden.............................................. − 83 9 − − 131 −100.0 − −100.0

Turkey ............................................... 5 140 206 − * 6 −96.4 101.0 −1.3

United Kingdom ............................... 3,570 3,115 1,795 135 538 128 14.6 60.5 44.8

Other2 ............................................... 28 4 65 * 35 60 NM −5.2 −7.9

Asia Total ........................................... 6,520 9,166 8,081 8,080 8,892 7,362 −28.9 −7.5 −1.3

China (Taiwan)................................. 1,686 2,066 2,163 3,078 3,150 3,988 −18.4 −14.5 −9.1

Israel.................................................. 456 936 620 864 849 243 −51.2 −14.4 7.2

Japan ................................................. 3,183 4,976 3,858 2,963 3,850 2,007 −36.0 −4.6 5.3

Korea, Republic of ........................... 1,017 1,175 1,438 1,172 1,040 1,116 −13.5 −.5 −1.0

Other2 ............................................... 178 12 2 3 3 7 NM 185.9 42.2

Oceania & Australia Total............... 11*112 −10.9 −5.8 −9.7

Other2 ............................................... 1 1 * 1 1 2 −10.9 −5.8 −9.7

Africa Total........................................ 175 1,615 1,214 85 588 39 −89.1 −26.1 18.1

Egypt................................................. 2 1 2 1 1 − 102.2 37.8 −

Morocco ............................................ 142 1,614 1,212 83 587 39 −91.2 −29.9 15.4

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − − * − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 31 − − − − * − − 97.3

Total .................................................... 31,390 37,522 36,458 24,025 24,867 33,073 −16.3 6.0 −.6

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1996.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 149 
Table 79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Customs District 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Eastern Total...................................... 52,806 58,161 55,374 43,474 45,138 54,829 −9.2 4.0 −0.4

Boston, MA ...................................... 22 − 33 − 33 −− −10.2 −

Baltimore, MD.................................. 6,297 11,221 11,313 7,912 7,354 7,482 −43.9 −3.8 −1.9

Portland, ME..................................... 1 * 57 1 1 − NM −7.9 −

Buffalo, NY ...................................... 3,594 2,263 1,574 166 67 58 58.8 170.8 58.3

New York City, NY ......................... 3 6 87 1 1 138 −46.4 33.0 −33.6

Ogdensburg, NY............................... 92 116 163 337 44 13 −21.1 20.0 23.9

Philadelphia, PA ............................... 265 406 339 213 190 2,346 −34.9 8.7 −21.5

Norfolk, VA...................................... 42,533 44,148 41,808 34,845 37,448 44,792 −3.6 3.2 −.6

St. Albans, VT.................................. 1 1 **** 68.3 162.3 12.2

Southern Total ................................... 15,327 16,077 19,936 15,607 16,658 18,920 −4.7 −2.1 −2.3

Mobile, AL ....................................... 5,379 5,897 8,283 4,997 6,262 8,278 −8.8 −3.7 −4.7

Savannah, GA................................... 37 − 4 1 − * − − 96.4

Miami, FL......................................... 1 2 2 3 2 * −31.6 −11.5 49.8

Tampa, FL ........................................ * − 1** −− −3.4 −

New Orleans, LA ............................. 7,639 8,669 10,522 9,475 9,705 9,252 −11.9 −5.8 −2.1

Wilmington, NC ............................... * * − − − 376 114.3 − −62.1

San Juan, PR..................................... 83 * * 26 * − NM 471.6 −

Charleston, SC.................................. 164 154 401 957 475 839 6.6 −23.3 −16.6

El Paso, TX ...................................... * − * − * * − −47.2 −19.1

Houston-Galveston, TX.................... 560 297 179 121 155 110 88.6 37.9 19.9

Laredo, TX ....................................... 1,463 1,057 542 26 59 66 38.3 123.6 41.0

Western Total .................................... 4,771 6,832 5,527 3,813 4,201 2,189 −30.2 3.2 9.0

Anchorage, AK................................. 740 784 919 719 733 827 −5.6 .3 −1.2

Nogales, AZ...................................... − * − * * − −100.0 −100.0 −

Los Angeles, CA .............................. 3,785 5,899 4,475 2,963 3,358 1,054 −35.8 3.0 15.3

San Diego, CA ................................. * − *111 − −19.6 −11.4

San Francisco, CA............................ 104 1 * 1 − 44 NM − 9.9

Great Falls, MT ................................ 1 * * 1 * 2 22.7 16.1 −9.8

Portland, OR ..................................... 41 −−− 2 * − 103.9 73.5

Seattle, WA....................................... 100 147 132 128 106 261 −32.2 −1.5 −10.1

Northern Total................................... 10,616 9,358 7,688 8,437 8,495 19,085 13.4 5.7 −6.3

Chicago, IL ....................................... 21 − − 24 − 14 − − 4.2

Detroit, MI........................................ 2,283 3,804 1,845 2,600 609 49 −40.0 39.1 53.4

Duluth, MN....................................... 128 247 210 161 134 196 −48.0 −1.1 −4.6

Pembina, ND .................................... 1 1 19 10 1 5 −12.7 −13.4 −19.3

Cleveland, OH .................................. 8,183 5,306 5,614 5,642 7,751 18,821 54.2 1.4 −8.8

Other Ports......................................... 25 45 22 28 26 − −43.8 −1.2 −

Total .................................................... 83,545 90,473 88,547 71,359 74,519 95,023 −7.6 2.9 −1.4

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

150 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Coal Prices

Mine Prices

The average mine price of U.S. coal in 1997 was

$18.14 per short ton, a drop of 2 percent from 1996

and the 15th straight year of decline (Table 80). Since

1988 the average mine price of U.S. coal has declined

at an average annual rate of 2 percent. During this

period, the average mine price of coal east of the

Mississippi River decreased at an annual average rate

of 1.2 percent, whereas west of the Mississippi River

the decline was 2.5 percent. In real dollars, the

decline over this period for the United States was 5

percent (Table 81).

Compared with 1996, the average mine price of coal

in all regions decreased. The Appalachia had a slight

decrease of .9 percent; the Interior, 2.7 percent; and

the West, by 5 percent. Wyoming's coal prices

declined by 6.3 percent while prices dropped only

slightly in Kentucky by .8 percent.

Consumer Prices

The average price of coal delivered to electric utilities

during 1997 was $26.16 per short ton, 1.1 percent less

than the average price of $26.45 per short ton reported

for 1996 (Table 92). Similarly, compared with 1996,

the average price of coal delivered to industrial consumers other than coke plants increased slightly to

$32.41 per short ton, while the average price of coal

delivered to coke plants increased slightly to $47.61

per short ton (Tables 94 and 96).

The average price of U.S. coal imports in 1997 was

$34.32 per short ton, a 2.6 percent increase compared

with the 1996 average of $33.45 per short ton.

The average price of U.S. coal exported during 1997

was $40.55 per short ton (Table 99). Compared with

1996, the average price of metallurgical coal exported

during 1997 remained about the same at $45.45 per

short ton, while the average price of steam coal

dropped 4.9 percent to $32.42 per short ton (Tables

101 and 103).

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 151 
.

Figure 12. Coal Prices, 1988-1997

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Nominal Dollars per Short Ton

50

 

40

 

30

 

 

 0

//

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Export Prices

Consumer Prices

Import Prices

Mine Prices

152 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... $38.48 $39.48 $38.44 $40.12 $42.34 $41.22 −2.5 −2.4 −0.8

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w − wwww − w w

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. $18.46 $17.94 $19.26 $19.76 $20.35 $23.09 2.9 −2.4 −2.4

Illinois .................................................. 21.44 22.74 23.05 23.14 25.27 28.55 −5.7 −4.0 −3.1

Indiana ................................................. 19.62 20.24 21.71 22.28 22.89 24.29 −3.1 −3.8 −2.3

Iowa ..................................................... − − − www −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... $23.72 $23.91 $24.79 $24.88 $24.77 $26.20 −.8 −1.1 −1.1

Eastern .............................................. 24.65 24.98 26.00 25.25 25.50 26.97 −1.3 −.8 −1.0

Western ............................................. 20.49 20.38 20.75 23.63 22.36 23.96 .5 −2.1 −1.7

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. $23.26 $24.40 $24.69 $26.34 $25.21 $25.59 −4.7 −2.0 −1.0

Missouri ............................................... 16.87 23.31 18.91 21.78 w w −27.6 w w

Montana ............................................... 9.84 9.96 9.62 10.39 $11.05 $10.06 −1.2 −2.8 −.2

New Mexico ........................................ 21.83 24.66 23.80 23.29 22.96 22.78 −11.5 −1.3 −.5

North Dakota ....................................... 8.06 8.01 7.99 7.62 7.63 7.38 .6 1.4 1.0

Ohio ..................................................... 23.66 24.85 25.97 29.13 28.04 30.50 −4.8 −4.2 −2.8

Oklahoma............................................. 26.32 26.54 24.13 25.57 24.91 31.06 −.8 1.4 −1.8

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 25.98 25.78 26.78 26.18 26.50 29.90 .8 −.5 −1.5

Anthracite.......................................... 35.12 36.78 39.78 36.07 32.94 44.16 −4.5 1.6 −2.5

Bituminous........................................ 25.41 24.98 25.77 25.45 26.03 29.24 1.7 −.6 −1.5

Tennessee............................................. 27.03 27.79 26.94 27.17 27.23 26.78 −2.7 −.2 .1

Texas.................................................... 12.15 12.17 12.16 12.38 12.87 11.34 −.1 −1.4 .8

Utah...................................................... 17.61 21.63 19.10 19.27 20.81 22.42 −18.6 −4.1 −2.6

Virginia ................................................ 28.24 28.45 28.47 26.84 26.80 26.49 −.7 1.3 .7

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. $26.64 $26.58 $27.18 $27.42 $27.58 $28.22 .2 −.8 −.6

Northern ............................................ 25.86 24.86 24.91 26.77 28.09 28.08 4.0 −2.0 −.9

Southern ............................................ 26.90 27.21 28.07 27.71 27.40 28.30 −1.1 −.5 −.6

Wyoming ............................................. 6.00 6.41 6.58 6.83 7.32 9.16 −6.3 −4.8 −4.6

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 26.55 26.78 27.45 27.36 27.64 28.88 −.9 −1.0 −.9

Interior Total1 ................................... 17.91 18.41 18.81 19.87 20.03 22.03 −2.7 −2.7 −2.3

Western Total1 .................................. 9.52 10.03 10.15 10.57 11.14 12.23 −5.0 −3.8 −2.7

East of Miss. River............................ 25.39 25.70 26.35 26.44 26.81 28.26 −1.2 −1.3 −1.2

West of Miss. River........................... 9.92 10.40 10.48 10.91 11.50 12.46 −4.6 −3.6 −2.5

U.S. Total............................................ 18.14 18.50 18.83 19.41 19.85 22.07 −1.9 −2.2 −2.1

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam,

and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these

data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

154 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... $34.23 $35.83 $35.66 $38.17 $41.27 $47.87 −4.4 −4.6 −3.6

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w − wwww − w w

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. $16.43 $16.28 $17.86 $18.80 $19.84 $26.81 .9 −4.6 −5.3

Illinois .................................................. 19.07 20.64 21.39 22.01 24.63 33.16 −7.6 −6.2 −5.9

Indiana ................................................. 17.45 18.37 20.14 21.20 22.31 28.22 −5.0 −5.9 −5.2

Iowa ..................................................... − − − www −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... $21.10 $21.70 $23.00 $23.67 $24.15 $30.43 −2.7 −3.3 −4.0

Eastern .............................................. 21.93 22.67 24.12 24.03 24.86 31.33 −3.3 −3.1 −3.9

Western ............................................. 18.23 18.50 19.25 22.49 21.79 27.83 −1.4 −4.4 −4.6

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. $20.69 $22.14 $22.90 $25.06 $24.57 $29.72 −6.5 −4.2 −3.9

Missouri ............................................... 15.01 21.15 17.54 20.72 w w −29.0 w w

Montana ............................................... 8.76 9.04 8.93 9.89 $10.77 $11.69 −3.1 −5.0 −3.1

New Mexico ........................................ 19.42 22.37 22.08 22.16 22.38 26.46 −13.2 −3.5 −3.4

North Dakota ....................................... 7.17 7.27 7.42 7.25 7.44 8.57 −1.3 −.9 −1.9

Ohio ..................................................... 21.05 22.55 24.09 27.71 27.33 35.42 −6.6 −6.3 −5.6

Oklahoma............................................. 23.42 24.08 22.39 24.33 24.28 36.07 −2.7 −.9 −4.7

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 23.11 23.39 24.84 24.91 25.83 34.73 −1.2 −2.7 −4.4

Anthracite.......................................... 31.24 33.38 36.90 34.32 32.11 51.29 −6.4 −.7 −5.3

Bituminous........................................ 22.60 22.67 23.91 24.21 25.37 33.96 −.3 −2.8 −4.4

Tennessee............................................. 24.05 25.22 24.99 25.85 26.54 31.11 −4.6 −2.4 −2.8

Texas.................................................... 10.81 11.04 11.28 11.78 12.54 13.18 −2.1 −3.6 −2.2

Utah...................................................... 15.66 19.63 17.72 18.34 20.28 26.04 −20.2 −6.3 −5.5

Virginia ................................................ 25.13 25.82 26.41 25.54 26.13 30.77 −2.7 −1.0 −2.2

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. $23.70 $24.12 $25.21 $26.09 $26.88 $32.77 −1.7 −3.1 −3.5

Northern ............................................ 23.01 22.56 23.11 25.47 27.38 32.62 2.0 −4.3 −3.8

Southern ............................................ 23.93 24.69 26.04 26.36 26.70 32.86 −3.1 −2.7 −3.5

Wyoming ............................................. 5.34 5.81 6.10 6.50 7.13 10.63 −8.1 −7.0 −7.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 23.62 24.30 25.46 26.04 26.94 33.55 −2.8 −3.2 −3.8

Interior Total1 ................................... 15.94 16.70 17.45 18.90 19.52 25.59 −4.6 −4.9 −5.1

Western Total1 .................................. 8.47 9.10 9.41 10.06 10.86 14.20 −6.9 −6.0 −5.6

East of Miss. River............................ 22.59 23.32 24.44 25.16 26.13 32.82 −3.1 −3.6 −4.1

West of Miss. River........................... 8.83 9.44 9.72 10.38 11.21 14.47 −6.5 −5.8 −5.3

U.S. Total............................................ 16.14 16.78 17.47 18.47 19.35 25.63 −3.8 −4.4 −5.0

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average mine

price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to

provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 155 
Table 82. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1997

(Dollars per Short Ton)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing

State and Region Nominal Real1 Nominal Real1 Real1

Nominal

Alabama .................................................. $39.54 $35.18 $35.15 $31.27 $38.48 $34.23

Alaska ..................................................... − − wwww

Arizona .................................................... − − wwww

Arkansas .................................................. − − wwww

Colorado .................................................. 18.50 16.46 $18.40 $16.37 $18.46 $16.43

Illinois ..................................................... 22.22 19.77 17.12 15.24 21.44 19.07

Indiana .................................................... wwww 19.62 17.45

Kansas ..................................................... − − wwww

Kentucky Total ....................................... $24.73 $22.00 $22.08 $19.65 $23.72 $21.10

Eastern .................................................. 26.26 23.36 22.45 19.97 24.65 21.93

Western ................................................ 20.67 18.39 19.92 17.72 20.49 18.23

Louisiana ................................................. − − wwww

Maryland ................................................. wwww $23.26 $20.69

Missouri .................................................. − − $16.87 $15.01 16.87 15.01

Montana .................................................. − − 9.84 8.76 9.84 8.76

New Mexico ........................................... − − 21.83 19.42 21.83 19.42

North Dakota .......................................... − − 8.06 7.17 8.06 7.17

Ohio ........................................................ $25.16 $22.38 21.57 19.19 23.66 21.05

Oklahoma ................................................ wwww 26.32 23.42

Pennsylvania Total ................................. $26.30 $23.40 $25.13 $22.36 25.98 23.11

Anthracite ............................................. 43.63 38.81 34.39 30.60 35.12 31.24

Bituminous ........................................... 26.19 23.30 22.87 20.35 25.41 22.60

Tennessee ................................................ wwww 27.03 24.05

Texas ....................................................... − − $12.15 $10.81 12.15 10.81

Utah ......................................................... $17.61 $15.66 − − 17.61 15.66

Virginia ................................................... 29.07 25.86 25.74 22.90 28.24 25.13

Washington ............................................. − − wwww

West Virginia Total................................ 27.64 24.59 $24.60 $21.89 $26.64 $23.70

Northern ............................................... 26.41 23.49 22.31 19.85 25.86 23.01

Southern ............................................... 28.22 25.10 24.86 22.12 26.90 23.93

Wyoming ................................................ wwww 6.00 5.34

Appalachian Total2 .............................. 27.74 24.68 24.24 21.57 26.55 23.62

Interior Total2 ...................................... 21.62 19.24 15.64 13.92 17.91 15.94

Western Total2...................................... 17.90 15.92 8.54 7.60 9.52 8.47

East of Miss. River ............................... 26.67 23.73 23.08 20.53 25.39 22.59

West of Miss. River.............................. 17.95 15.97 9.10 8.09 9.92 8.83

U.S. Total............................................... 25.68 22.85 13.39 11.92 18.14 16.14

1 Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average nominal prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to

provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

156 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 83. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... w − $40.62 w $39.54

Colorado .............................................. w − w − 18.50

Illinois .................................................. w w $24.11 − 22.22

Indiana ................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... $24.85 $24.76 23.62 $34.01 $24.73

Eastern .............................................. w w 26.87 34.01 26.26

Western ............................................. w w 21.41 − 20.67

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

Ohio ..................................................... $20.94 − $25.79 − $25.16

Oklahoma ............................................. w −−− w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. $28.64 w 25.65 w $26.30

Anthracite .......................................... w w − w 43.63

Bituminous ........................................ w w 25.65 − 26.19

Tennessee ............................................. $25.58 w − − w

Utah ...................................................... w w 17.41 − $17.61

Virginia ................................................ w w 31.50 − 29.07

West Virginia Total............................. $27.67 $26.81 27.69 $27.56 27.64

Northern ............................................ 23.50 25.51 27.16 27.56 26.41

Southern ............................................ 28.20 27.26 28.46 − 28.22

Wyoming ............................................. w − w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 27.16 26.57 28.42 32.62 27.74

Interior Total5 ................................... 20.99 20.71 23.07 − 21.62

Western Total5 .................................. 18.68 13.28 17.82 − 17.90

East of Miss. River............................ 25.76 26.26 27.73 32.62 26.67

West of Miss. River........................... 19.00 13.28 17.82 − 17.95

U.S. Total............................................ 25.51 25.92 25.72 32.62 25.68

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 157 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1997

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Alabama ............................................ 51 24,468 38.48

Bibb .............................................. 1 21 w

Blount ........................................... 1 6 −

Cullman ........................................ 2 74 w

Fayette .......................................... 1 1,992 w

Jackson ......................................... 1 45 w

Jefferson ....................................... 8 10,370 $42.03

Marion .......................................... 2 130 w

Shelby ........................................... 1 853 w

Tuscaloosa .................................... 6 6,656 w

Walker .......................................... 26 4,078 $35.80

Winston ........................................ 2 243 w

Alaska ................................................ 1 1,450 w

Yukon River................................. 1 1,450 w

Arizona .............................................. 2 11,723 w

Navajo .......................................... 2 11,723 w

Arkansas ............................................ 3 18 w

Johnson ......................................... 2 14 w

Sebastian ...................................... 1 5 w

Colorado ............................................ 14 27,449 18.46

Delta ............................................. 2 804 w

Fremont ........................................ 1 227 w

Garfield ........................................ 1 49 w

Gunnison ...................................... 2 7,322 w

La Plata ........................................ 1 222 w

Mesa ............................................. 1 430 w

Moffat ........................................... 2 7,557 w

Montrose ...................................... 1 386 w

Rio Blanco ................................... 1 1,514 w

Routt ............................................. 2 8,937 w

Illinois ................................................ 28 41,159 21.44

Gallatin ......................................... 1 1,563 w

Jackson ......................................... 1 139 w

Jefferson ....................................... 2 4,337 w

Logan ............................................ 1 2,059 w

Macoupin ...................................... 3 6,478 w

McDonough .................................. 1 596 w

Perry ............................................. 3 6,104 w

Randolph ...................................... 3 3,024 w

Saline ............................................ 5 8,305 $22.43

Schuyler ........................................ 2 480 w

Vermilion ..................................... 1 635 w

Wabash ......................................... 1 1,406 w

Washington .................................. 1 3,977 w

White ............................................ 1 2,009 w

Williamson ................................... 2 46 w

Indiana .............................................. 39 35,497 19.62

Clay .............................................. 4 1,604 $19.44

Daviess ......................................... 5 3,936 18.13

Dubois .......................................... 1 373 w

Gibson .......................................... 4 2,876 w

Greene .......................................... 2 2,145 w

Knox ............................................. 6 5,205 $20.67

Owen ............................................ 2 969 w

Pike ............................................... 6 4,465 $16.48

Sullivan ........................................ 2 4,830 w

Vigo .............................................. 2 3,652 w

Warrick ......................................... 5 5,442 w

Kansas ............................................... 3 360 w

Crawford ...................................... 1 91 w

Linn .............................................. 2 268 w

Kentucky ........................................... 529 155,853 23.72

Bell ............................................... 29 4,963 $25.35

Breathitt ........................................ 6 4,312 21.92

Butler ............................................ 2 117 w

Clay .............................................. 8 330 $21.00

Daviess ......................................... 2 731 w

Floyd ............................................ 44 6,358 $20.64

Harlan ........................................... 40 10,604 26.97

Henderson .................................... 3 2,032 w

Hopkins ........................................ 14 7,515 $19.75

See footnotes at end of table.

158 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Kentucky (Continued)

Jackson ......................................... 1 * −

Johnson ......................................... 7 1,635 $24.02

Knott ............................................. 42 12,124 22.83

Knox ............................................. 17 560 40.33

Lawrence ...................................... 3 235 w

Leslie ............................................ 18 9,935 $25.18

Letcher .......................................... 45 9,032 25.56

Magoffin ....................................... 2 1,331 w

Martin ........................................... 32 12,530 $22.78

McLean ........................................ 4 1,344 w

Morgan ......................................... 1 1 −

Muhlenberg .................................. 5 3,248 $17.63

Ohio .............................................. 7 1,476 18.05

Owsley .......................................... 4 113 21.18

Perry ............................................. 33 11,480 $23.75

Pike ............................................... 142 34,953 26.00

Union ............................................ 3 7,864 w

Webster ........................................ 7 10,610 $20.82

Whitley ......................................... 8 422 25.78

Louisiana ........................................... 2 3,545 w

De Soto ........................................ 1 2,534 w

Red River ..................................... 1 1,011 w

Maryland ........................................... 18 4,160 23.26

Allegany ....................................... 9 561 w

Garrett .......................................... 9 3,598 w

Missouri ............................................. 4 401 16.87

Barton ........................................... 1 73 w

Bates ............................................. 2 297 w

Vernon .......................................... 1 30 w

Montana ............................................ 8 41,005 9.84

Big Horn ...................................... 4 27,275 $10.39

Musselshell ................................... 1 8 w

Richland ....................................... 1 242 w

Rosebud ........................................ 2 13,480 w

New Mexico ...................................... 6 27,025 21.83

Colfax ........................................... 1 1,244 w

McKinley ...................................... 2 11,464 w

San Juan ....................................... 3 14,318 w

North Dakota.................................... 6 29,580 8.06

Bowman ....................................... 1 1 −

McLean ........................................ 1 7,164 w

Mercer .......................................... 2 17,080 w

Oliver ............................................ 2 5,334 w

Ohio ................................................... 81 29,154 23.66

Belmont ........................................ 7 6,737 w

Carroll .......................................... 4 58 $19.62

Columbiana .................................. 7 779 15.58

Coshocton ..................................... 6 368 w

Gallia ............................................ 1 333 w

Guernsey ...................................... 5 481 $25.23

Harrison ........................................ 8 2,090 21.76

Holmes ......................................... 1 122 w

Jackson ......................................... 3 1,147 w

Jefferson ....................................... 8 907 $20.96

Lawrence ...................................... 1 6 −

Meigs ............................................ 2 6,405 w

Monroe ......................................... 1 3,243 w

Muskingum .................................. 3 701 w

Noble ............................................ 4 870 w

Perry ............................................. 5 1,234 $22.14

Stark ............................................. 4 546 16.16

Tuscarawas ................................... 8 1,317 17.81

Vinton ........................................... 3 1,809 w

Oklahoma .......................................... 11 1,621 26.32

Craig ............................................. 1 190 w

Haskell .......................................... 1 201 w

Latimer ......................................... 1 274 w

Le Flore........................................ 6 761 $28.57

Nowata ......................................... 1 189 w

Okmulgee ..................................... 1 6 −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 159 
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

Pennsylvania ..................................... 403 76,198 25.98

Allegheny ..................................... 3 41 w

Armstrong .................................... 29 5,949 $25.38

Beaver .......................................... 1 89 w

Blair .............................................. 1 36 w

Butler ............................................ 7 112 w

Cambria ........................................ 15 1,429 $26.13

Centre ........................................... 3 388 w

Clarion .......................................... 9 683 w

Clearfield ...................................... 46 4,602 $26.19

Columbia ...................................... 7 923 w

Dauphin ........................................ 2 10 w

Elk ................................................ 5 643 $23.67

Fayette .......................................... 17 388 23.43

Greene .......................................... 14 35,362 25.33

Indiana .......................................... 30 4,820 31.38

Jefferson ....................................... 26 1,543 25.48

Lackawanna .................................. 5 83 w

Lawrence ...................................... 1 17 w

Luzerne ......................................... 18 897 $29.43

Lycoming ..................................... 1 407 w

Mercer .......................................... 1 4 −

Northumberland ........................... 18 318 w

Schuylkill ..................................... 79 2,430 $39.84

Snyder .......................................... 1 * −

Somerset ....................................... 41 5,605 19.82

Sullivan ........................................ 1 17 w

Venango ....................................... 1 68 w

Washington .................................. 9 8,464 $26.19

Westmoreland .............................. 12 872 22.92

Tennessee .......................................... 27 3,300 27.03

Anderson ...................................... 4 434 w

Campbell ...................................... 9 876 $31.35

Claiborne ...................................... 7 672 w

Fentress ........................................ 1 288 w

Marion .......................................... 1 53 w

Morgan ......................................... 1 56 w

Scott .............................................. 2 108 w

Sequatchie .................................... 2 814 w

Texas .................................................. 12 53,328 12.15

Atascosa ....................................... 1 3,487 w

Freestone ...................................... 1 5,127 w

Harrison ........................................ 2 4,422 w

Hopkins ........................................ 1 2,219 w

Leon .............................................. 1 8,799 w

Milam ........................................... 1 6,370 w

Panola ........................................... 1 7,248 w

Robertson ..................................... 1 1,715 w

Rusk .............................................. 1 5,808 w

Titus .............................................. 1 7,779 w

Webb ............................................ 1 353 w

Utah ................................................... 12 26,683 17.61

Carbon .......................................... 7 10,104 $20.96

Emery ........................................... 4 11,640 w

Sevier ............................................ 1 4,939 w

Virginia .............................................. 191 35,837 28.24

Buchanan ...................................... 74 14,420 $28.91

Dickenson ..................................... 23 3,058 31.14

Lee ................................................ 9 1,471 28.23

Russell .......................................... 10 1,133 31.41

Tazewell ....................................... 17 1,705 33.24

Wise .............................................. 58 14,049 26.08

Washington ....................................... 3 4,495 w

King .............................................. 1 67 w

Lewis ............................................ 1 3,211 w

Thurston ....................................... 1 1,217 w

West Virginia.................................... 349 173,743 26.64

Barbour ......................................... 7 1,371 w

Boone ........................................... 42 30,602 $27.48

Braxton ......................................... 1 413 w

Brooke .......................................... 1 1,539 w

See footnotes at end of table.

160 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 84. Coal Production, Number of Mines, and Average Mine Price,

by State and County, 1997 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Production Average Mine Price State and County

West Virginia (Continued)

Clay .............................................. 4 6,902 w

Fayette .......................................... 7 3,706 $26.46

Gilmer .......................................... 1 15 w

Grant ............................................. 4 1,917 w

Greenbrier .................................... 4 528 $30.52

Harrison ........................................ 12 5,292 w

Kanawha ....................................... 13 8,897 $23.04

Lincoln ......................................... 1 47 w

Logan ............................................ 29 20,467 $22.45

Marion .......................................... 4 4,897 w

Marshall ........................................ 2 10,131 w

McDowell ..................................... 74 6,673 $26.22

Mineral ......................................... 2 122 w

Mingo ........................................... 37 22,424 $28.55

Monongalia .................................. 12 7,635 w

Nicholas ........................................ 9 2,605 $31.48

Preston .......................................... 12 1,743 24.20

Raleigh ......................................... 22 13,882 29.85

Randolph ...................................... 4 626 28.03

Tucker .......................................... 1 193 w

Upshur .......................................... 10 1,585 $20.74

Wayne .......................................... 6 4,394 w

Webster ........................................ 7 5,324 $23.82

Wyoming ...................................... 21 9,814 29.53

Wyoming ........................................... 25 281,881 6.00

Campbell ...................................... 15 246,281 $5.10

Carbon .......................................... 3 5,398 w

Converse ....................................... 2 17,701 w

Lincoln ......................................... 2 4,607 w

Sheridan ........................................ 1 44 w

Sweetwater ................................... 2 7,849 w

U.S. Total .......................................... 1,828 1,089,932 18.14

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production and excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these data. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 161 
Table 85. Average Mine Price by State and Coal Rank, 1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total State and Region

Alabama............................................... $38.48 − − − $38.48

Alaska .................................................. − w − − w

Arizona ................................................ w −−− w

Arkansas .............................................. − − − w w

Colorado .............................................. $18.46 $18.47 − − $18.46

Illinois .................................................. 21.44 − − − 21.44

Indiana ................................................. 19.62 − − − 19.62

Kansas.................................................. 21.88 − − − 21.88

Kentucky Total .................................... 23.72 − − − 23.72

Eastern .............................................. 24.65 − − − 24.65

Western ............................................. 20.49 − − − 20.49

Louisiana .............................................. − − w − w

Maryland.............................................. 23.26 − − − $23.26

Missouri ............................................... 16.87 − − − 16.87

Montana ............................................... − w w − 9.84

New Mexico ........................................ w w − − 21.83

North Dakota ....................................... − − $8.06 − 8.06

Ohio ..................................................... $23.66 − − − 23.66

Oklahoma............................................. 26.32 − − − 26.32

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 25.41 − − $35.12 25.98

Anthracite.......................................... − − − 35.12 35.12

Bituminous........................................ 25.41 − − − 25.41

Tennessee............................................. 27.03 − − − 27.03

Texas .................................................... w − w − 12.15

Utah...................................................... $17.61 − − − 17.61

Virginia ................................................ 28.24 − − − 28.24

Washington .......................................... w w − − w

West Virginia Total............................. $26.64 −−− $26.64

Northern ............................................ 25.86 − − − 25.86

Southern ............................................ 26.90 − − − 26.90

Wyoming ............................................. w w − − 6.00

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 26.47 − − 35.12 26.55

Interior Total1 ................................... 20.64 w 12.40 w 17.91

Western Total1 .................................. 19.57 w 8.09 − 9.52

East of Miss. River............................ 25.32 − − 35.12 25.39

West of Miss. River........................... 19.73 7.42 10.91 w 9.92

U.S. Total............................................ 24.64 7.42 10.91 2 35.12 18.14

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Does not include Arkansas. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

162 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 86. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Mine Production Range Underground Surface (thousand short tons) Total

Over 1,000 ......................................... $25.40 $11.07 $15.93

500 to 1,000....................................... 26.97 22.95 25.06

200 to 500.......................................... 25.94 23.96 25.02

100 to 200.......................................... 25.45 24.20 24.91

50 to 100............................................ 25.18 23.77 24.53

10 to 50.............................................. 26.28 22.53 24.13

U.S. Total .......................................... 25.68 13.39 18.14

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 87. Average Mine Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coalbed Thickness Underground Surface (inches) Total

 < 7 .................................................... − $28.17 $28.17

7-12 .................................................... − 25.97 25.97

13-18 .................................................. − 22.75 22.75

19-24 .................................................. $42.74 20.35 20.86

25-30 .................................................. 26.34 22.53 23.28

31-36 .................................................. 26.36 23.25 24.91

37-42 .................................................. 27.27 23.07 25.55

43-48 .................................................. 27.96 21.23 25.03

49-54 .................................................. 26.31 23.28 25.08

55-60 .................................................. 28.36 20.75 26.65

61-66 .................................................. 25.73 23.97 25.23

67-72 .................................................. 26.65 19.00 24.48

73-78 .................................................. 25.75 20.99 24.89

79-84 .................................................. 25.12 22.36 24.54

85-90 .................................................. 28.08 17.15 24.24

91-96 .................................................. 23.26 19.81 22.51

97-102 ................................................ 22.58 15.96 16.50

103-108 .............................................. 25.54 15.67 18.05

109-114 .............................................. 18.35 24.63 20.59

115-120 .............................................. 24.87 24.00 24.42

> 120 .............................................. 16.89 8.08 8.62

U.S. Total .......................................... 25.68 13.39 18.14

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 163 
Table 88. Average Mine Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

Coal-Producing (short tons per miner per hour)

State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. − w w $39.54 $35.63 $38.48

Alaska ..................................................... − − w − − w

Arizona .................................................... − − w − − w

Arkansas .................................................. −−−− w w

Colorado .................................................. − $16.87 $23.31 w w $18.46

Illinois ..................................................... − w 21.93 $22.67 w 21.44

Indiana .................................................... − w 18.92 23.84 w 19.62

Kansas ..................................................... − − w − w w

Kentucky Total ....................................... $22.50 $22.61 $23.66 23.94 $27.02 $23.72

Eastern .................................................. 22.50 w 24.58 24.88 w 24.65

Western ................................................ − w 20.42 20.57 w 20.49

Louisiana ................................................. − w −−− w

Maryland ................................................. − − w 20.31 $20.60 w

Missouri .................................................. − − w − w $16.87

Montana .................................................. w w −−− 9.84

New Mexico ........................................... − w w − − 21.83

North Dakota .......................................... w w −−− 8.06

Ohio ........................................................ w w $22.78 26.53 $17.73 23.66

Oklahoma ................................................ − − w 26.55 w 26.32

Pennsylvania Total ................................. $24.74 $24.87 $24.32 26.73 $40.63 25.98

Anthracite ............................................. 25.45 30.03 26.81 23.05 56.03 35.12

Bituminous ........................................... 20.74 24.70 24.26 26.79 33.70 25.41

Tennessee ................................................ w − w 25.27 25.59 w

Texas ....................................................... w 12.14 w w − $12.15

Utah ......................................................... − w $20.19 w w 17.61

Virginia ................................................... − w w $28.63 $26.97 28.24

Washington ............................................. −−− www

West Virginia Total................................ w w $26.78 $28.49 $32.10 $26.64

Northern ............................................... − w 25.92 29.29 w 25.86

Southern ............................................... w $23.90 27.09 28.27 w 26.90

Wyoming ................................................ $5.09 15.27 w − w 6.00

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 24.20 23.71 25.55 28.64 32.76 26.55

Interior Total1 ...................................... 9.70 13.46 20.08 22.21 26.67 17.91

Western Total1...................................... 5.91 17.22 21.89 23.56 17.13 9.52

East of Miss. River ............................... 24.20 22.73 24.41 27.51 32.72 25.39

West of Miss. River.............................. 5.95 15.32 21.38 24.03 19.41 9.92

U.S. Total............................................... 6.14 17.49 24.07 27.34 31.61 18.14

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

164 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 89. Average Mine Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

Coal-Producing (short tons per miner per hour)

State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. −−− $40.42 $35.93 $39.54

Colorado .................................................. − w $25.36 w w 18.50

Illinois ..................................................... − − 21.79 $22.98 w 22.22

Indiana .................................................... − − w w − w

Kentucky Total ....................................... w $26.27 $24.49 $24.76 $27.80 $24.73

Eastern .................................................. w 26.27 26.31 26.07 27.80 26.26

Western ................................................ − − 20.59 w − 20.67

Maryland ................................................. − − w w − w

Ohio ........................................................ − − w w − $25.16

Oklahoma ................................................ −−− w − w

Pennsylvania Total ................................. − w w $27.61 40.02 $26.30

Anthracite ............................................. −−−− 43.63 43.63

Bituminous ........................................... − w w 27.61 39.13 26.19

Tennessee ................................................ −−− www

Utah ......................................................... − w $20.19 w w $17.61

Virginia ................................................... − − 30.54 $28.87 $27.32 29.07

West Virginia Total................................ w w 27.47 29.11 30.96 27.64

Northern ............................................... − w 25.93 30.05 w 26.41

Southern ............................................... w $25.03 28.41 28.87 w 28.22

Wyoming ................................................ − w −−− w

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 22.80 25.10 26.51 29.75 32.09 27.74

Interior Total1 ...................................... − − 21.19 22.37 21.80 21.62

Western Total1...................................... − 15.75 21.68 18.41 16.46 17.90

East of Miss. River ............................... 22.80 25.10 25.47 28.38 32.07 26.67

West of Miss. River.............................. − 15.75 21.68 19.34 16.46 17.95

U.S. Total............................................... 22.80 19.78 25.20 28.20 30.81 25.68

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 165 
Table 90. Average Mine Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

(short tons per miner per hour) Coal-Producing State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. − w $28.81 $36.73 $31.97 $35.15

Alaska ..................................................... − − w − − w

Arizona .................................................... − − w − − w

Arkansas .................................................. −−−− w w

Colorado .................................................. − w w − − $18.40

Illinois ..................................................... − w $23.72 w − 17.12

Indiana .................................................... − w 18.92 $21.64 w w

Kansas ..................................................... − − w − w w

Kentucky Total ....................................... w $21.32 $22.45 21.45 $24.85 $22.08

Eastern .................................................. w 21.85 22.71 21.79 24.85 22.45

Western ................................................ − 20.61 19.39 19.11 w 19.92

Louisiana ................................................. − w −−− w

Maryland ................................................. − − w 23.50 $20.60 w

Missouri .................................................. − − w − w $16.87

Montana .................................................. w w −−− 9.84

New Mexico ........................................... − w w − − 21.83

North Dakota .......................................... w w −−− 8.06

Ohio ........................................................ $23.47 $17.13 $22.65 19.44 $17.73 21.57

Oklahoma ................................................ − − w 25.89 w 25.80

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 24.74 24.29 $21.10 24.78 $41.05 25.13

Anthracite ............................................. 25.45 30.03 26.81 23.05 60.35 34.39

Bituminous ........................................... 20.74 21.94 20.45 24.87 28.83 22.87

Tennessee ................................................ w − 29.40 24.41 w w

Texas ....................................................... w 12.14 w w − $12.15

Virginia ................................................... − w w $27.00 $20.31 25.74

Washington ............................................. −−− www

West Virginia Total................................ w w $25.35 $24.07 $42.43 $24.60

Northern ............................................... − w 25.60 25.72 w 22.31

Southern ............................................... w $23.16 25.34 23.32 w 24.86

Wyoming ................................................ $5.09 w w − w w

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 24.70 22.34 23.91 25.01 34.69 24.24

Interior Total1 ...................................... 9.70 13.46 18.83 21.52 26.90 15.64

Western Total1...................................... 5.91 18.08 22.03 26.33 24.00 8.54

East of Miss. River ............................... 24.70 21.13 22.73 24.45 34.53 23.08

West of Miss. River.............................. 5.95 15.20 21.22 26.12 27.00 9.10

U.S. Total............................................... 6.09 16.63 22.46 24.68 33.87 13.39

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

166 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 91. Average Mine Price by State and Disposition, 1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Open Market1 Captive2

State and Region Total

Alabama ................................................................ w w 38.48

Alaska .................................................................... w w w

Arizona .................................................................. w − w

Arkansas ................................................................ w − w

Colorado ................................................................ w w 18.46

Illinois ................................................................... w w 21.44

Indiana................................................................... 19.62 19.27 19.62

Kansas ................................................................... w − w

Kentucky Total ..................................................... 23.65 28.91 23.72

Eastern................................................................ 24.58 28.99 24.65

Western .............................................................. 20.49 18.47 20.49

Louisiana ............................................................... w − w

Maryland ............................................................... w w 23.26

Missouri ................................................................ 16.87 − 16.87

Montana ................................................................ w w 9.84

New Mexico.......................................................... 21.83 − 21.83

North Dakota ........................................................ w w 8.06

Ohio....................................................................... 20.42 34.16 23.66

Oklahoma .............................................................. w w 26.32

Pennsylvania Total................................................ 26.03 23.30 25.98

Anthracite........................................................... 38.95 22.91 35.12

Bituminous ......................................................... 25.41 24.46 25.41

Tennessee .............................................................. w w 27.03

Texas ..................................................................... 12.50 12.02 12.15

Utah....................................................................... 18.61 15.54 17.61

Virginia ................................................................. 28.39 22.07 28.24

Washington ........................................................... w w w

West Virginia Total .............................................. 26.39 32.49 26.64

Northern ............................................................. 24.93 45.82 25.86

Southern ............................................................. 26.87 27.63 26.90

Wyoming ............................................................... 5.66 12.35 6.00

Appalachian Total3 ............................................ 26.32 32.01 26.55

Interior Total3..................................................... 19.62 12.14 17.91

Western Total3.................................................... 9.00 16.18 9.52

East of Miss. River ............................................. 25.17 31.71 25.39

West of Miss. River ............................................ 9.26 13.96 9.92

U.S. Total ............................................................. 18.18 17.62 18.14

1 Open Market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers.

2 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide these data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 167 
Consumer Prices

Figure 13. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1988-1997

30

40

50

60

Nominal Dollars per Short Ton

 0

//

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Industrial

Coke Plants

Electric Utilities

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 169 
Table 92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ $43.67 $43.55 $43.34 $42.81 $43.34 $45.59 0.3 0.2 −0.5

Connecticut ....................................... 50.02 50.05 49.33 46.45 44.80 60.07 * 2.8 −2.0

Massachusetts ................................... 42.72 42.64 42.63 43.00 43.39 42.25 .2 −.4 .1

New Hampshire ................................ 42.62 42.23 41.67 39.66 42.39 47.38 .9 .1 −1.2

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 34.39 35.08 34.63 36.33 36.66 36.92 −2.0 −1.6 −.8

New Jersey........................................ 45.94 45.53 47.17 48.49 47.50 45.75 .9 −.8 *

New York ......................................... 37.32 37.15 36.86 37.63 38.63 40.52 .4 −.9 −.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 33.28 34.06 33.48 35.39 35.73 35.62 −2.3 −1.8 −.8

East North Central Total ................. 27.68 28.29 29.67 30.56 30.98 35.70 −2.1 −2.8 −2.8

Illinois ............................................... 30.41 32.14 32.58 32.69 35.30 40.53 −5.4 −3.7 −3.1

Indiana .............................................. 24.35 24.67 25.94 26.79 26.73 31.03 −1.3 −2.3 −2.6

Michigan ........................................... 28.93 29.34 30.95 32.90 33.17 40.80 −1.4 −3.4 −3.7

Ohio .................................................. 31.41 32.31 34.44 34.70 34.05 36.22 −2.8 −2.0 −1.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 20.43 19.55 21.23 23.13 22.96 28.39 4.5 −2.9 −3.6

West North Central Total ................ 15.39 15.53 16.10 16.76 16.88 20.11 −.9 −2.3 −2.9

Iowa .................................................. 16.23 16.30 17.13 17.39 17.53 22.74 −.4 −1.9 −3.7

Kansas............................................... 17.91 17.51 17.83 17.85 17.69 22.25 2.3 .3 −2.4

Minnesota.......................................... 19.47 18.99 20.12 20.09 20.07 20.91 2.5 −.7 −.8

Missouri ............................................ 16.80 17.31 18.14 21.39 24.40 28.75 −2.9 −8.9 −5.8

Nebraska ........................................... 10.06 12.37 12.86 13.11 12.92 14.49 −18.7 −6.1 −4.0

North Dakota .................................... 10.21 9.72 9.65 9.28 9.38 9.26 5.0 2.1 1.1

South Dakota .................................... 15.99 16.94 14.35 13.10 13.30 15.39 −5.6 4.7 .4

South Atlantic Total.......................... 36.34 36.68 38.25 39.53 40.80 41.54 −.9 −2.8 −1.5

Delaware ........................................... 41.05 41.51 42.27 41.98 44.02 46.60 −1.1 −1.7 −1.4

Florida............................................... 41.82 42.40 43.93 43.71 43.58 44.16 −1.4 −1.0 −.6

Georgia.............................................. 37.28 36.54 38.62 39.82 43.29 42.53 2.0 −3.7 −1.4

Maryland........................................... 38.75 38.49 39.00 39.84 40.78 40.12 .7 −1.3 −.4

North Carolina .................................. 35.35 36.87 40.57 41.77 42.36 44.65 −4.1 −4.4 −2.6

South Carolina .................................. 37.21 37.54 38.86 39.84 40.17 44.63 −.9 −1.9 −2.0

Virginia ............................................. 34.98 35.73 36.90 37.05 37.57 39.72 −2.1 −1.8 −1.4

West Virginia.................................... 30.68 30.93 31.61 34.70 35.42 35.95 −.8 −3.5 −1.7

East South Central Total.................. 28.70 29.35 30.08 32.43 33.30 35.36 −2.2 −3.6 −2.3

Alabama ............................................ 35.58 36.39 37.00 40.42 42.56 47.37 −2.2 −4.4 −3.1

Kentucky........................................... 24.20 24.43 25.71 27.16 27.29 27.61 −.9 −2.9 −1.4

Mississippi ........................................ 32.44 33.31 34.40 35.54 40.51 45.88 −2.6 −5.4 −3.8

Tennessee.......................................... 26.67 27.64 27.94 30.61 30.94 32.17 −3.5 −3.6 −2.1

West South Central Total ................ 19.69 20.13 20.66 20.79 22.14 23.08 −2.2 −2.9 −1.8

Arkansas............................................ 28.56 26.15 27.99 27.91 29.50 27.47 9.2 −.8 .4

Louisiana........................................... 23.97 24.74 25.13 25.04 25.65 25.48 −3.1 −1.7 −.7

Oklahoma.......................................... 15.87 16.79 17.00 17.50 21.32 26.42 −5.5 −7.1 −5.5

Texas................................................. 18.69 19.26 19.65 19.84 20.91 21.50 −3.0 −2.8 −1.5

Mountain Total.................................. 21.52 21.82 21.51 21.83 22.11 21.32 −1.4 −.7 .1

Arizona.............................................. 28.95 29.55 28.65 28.26 27.78 29.92 −2.0 1.0 −.4

Colorado............................................ 19.93 20.24 20.73 21.01 21.59 20.84 −1.5 −2.0 −.5

Montana ............................................ 11.52 11.90 11.47 11.79 11.78 9.29 −3.2 −.6 2.4

Nevada .............................................. 31.10 30.44 29.02 32.37 32.34 30.21 2.1 −1.0 .3

New Mexico ..................................... 24.23 26.04 25.59 25.48 24.61 21.24 −6.9 −.4 1.5

Utah................................................... 25.22 24.66 25.27 26.10 27.34 29.07 2.3 −2.0 −1.6

Wyoming .......................................... 14.16 14.30 14.29 14.09 14.03 14.71 −1.0 .2 −.4

Pacific Total ....................................... 25.19 23.96 22.83 21.93 21.55 25.41 5.1 4.0 −.1

Oregon .............................................. 19.95 18.81 18.79 19.18 19.75 23.70 6.1 .3 −1.9

Washington ....................................... 26.15 24.91 23.74 22.93 22.09 25.48 5.0 4.3 .3

U.S. Total............................................ 26.16 26.45 27.01 28.03 28.58 30.64 −1.1 −2.2 −1.7

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

170 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by

Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ $38.85 $39.52 $40.21 $40.73 $42.24 $52.95 −1.7 −2.1 −3.4

Connecticut ....................................... 44.51 45.42 45.76 44.20 43.66 69.77 −2.0 .5 −4.9

Massachusetts ................................... 38.01 38.69 39.55 40.92 42.29 49.08 −1.8 −2.6 −2.8

New Hampshire ................................ 37.92 38.32 38.65 37.74 41.32 55.03 −1.0 −2.1 −4.0

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 30.59 31.84 32.12 34.56 35.73 42.88 −3.9 −3.8 −3.7

New Jersey........................................ 40.88 41.31 43.76 46.14 46.30 53.14 −1.0 −3.1 −2.9

New York ......................................... 33.20 33.71 34.19 35.81 37.65 47.06 −1.5 −3.1 −3.8

Pennsylvania ..................................... 29.61 30.91 31.06 33.67 34.82 41.37 −4.2 −4.0 −3.6

East North Central Total ................. 24.63 25.67 27.52 29.08 30.20 41.46 −4.0 −5.0 −5.6

Illinois ............................................... 27.05 29.17 30.22 31.11 34.41 47.08 −7.2 −5.8 −6.0

Indiana .............................................. 21.66 22.39 24.06 25.49 26.06 36.04 −3.2 −4.5 −5.5

Michigan ........................................... 25.74 26.62 28.71 31.30 32.33 47.38 −3.3 −5.5 −6.5

Ohio .................................................. 27.94 29.32 31.95 33.01 33.19 42.07 −4.7 −4.2 −4.4

Wisconsin.......................................... 18.17 17.74 19.69 22.01 22.38 32.97 2.5 −5.1 −6.4

West North Central Total ................ 13.69 14.09 14.94 15.94 16.45 23.36 −2.8 −4.5 −5.8

Iowa .................................................. 14.44 14.79 15.89 16.55 17.08 26.42 −2.4 −4.1 −6.5

Kansas............................................... 15.93 15.89 16.54 16.98 17.24 25.84 .3 −1.9 −5.2

Minnesota.......................................... 17.33 17.24 18.67 19.11 19.56 24.28 .5 −3.0 −3.7

Missouri ............................................ 14.95 15.71 16.83 20.35 23.78 33.40 −4.8 −11.0 −8.5

Nebraska ........................................... 8.95 11.23 11.93 12.48 12.59 16.83 −20.3 −8.2 −6.8

North Dakota .................................... 9.08 8.82 8.95 8.83 9.14 10.76 3.0 −.2 −1.9

South Dakota .................................... 14.22 15.37 13.31 12.46 12.96 17.87 −7.4 2.3 −2.5

South Atlantic Total.......................... 32.33 33.28 35.48 37.61 39.77 48.25 −2.9 −5.0 −4.3

Delaware ........................................... 36.52 37.67 39.21 39.94 42.91 54.13 −3.0 −3.9 −4.3

Florida............................................... 37.21 38.48 40.75 41.59 42.48 51.28 −3.3 −3.3 −3.5

Georgia.............................................. 33.17 33.16 35.82 37.89 42.19 49.40 * −5.8 −4.3

Maryland........................................... 34.47 34.93 36.18 37.91 39.74 46.59 −1.3 −3.5 −3.3

North Carolina .................................. 31.45 33.46 37.63 39.74 41.28 51.86 −6.0 −6.6 −5.4

South Carolina .................................. 33.11 34.07 36.04 37.91 39.15 51.83 −2.8 −4.1 −4.8

Virginia ............................................. 31.12 32.42 34.23 35.25 36.62 46.13 −4.0 −4.0 −4.3

West Virginia.................................... 27.29 28.07 29.32 33.02 34.53 41.75 −2.7 −5.7 −4.6

East South Central Total.................. 25.54 26.63 27.91 30.86 32.46 41.06 −4.1 −5.8 −5.1

Alabama ............................................ 31.66 33.02 34.32 38.46 41.48 55.01 −4.1 −6.5 −5.9

Kentucky........................................... 21.53 22.17 23.85 25.84 26.60 32.07 −2.8 −5.1 −4.3

Mississippi ........................................ 28.86 30.22 31.91 33.81 39.48 53.29 −4.5 −7.5 −6.6

Tennessee.......................................... 23.73 25.08 25.92 29.13 30.16 37.36 −5.4 −5.8 −4.9

West South Central Total ................ 17.51 18.26 19.17 19.78 21.58 26.81 −4.1 −5.1 −4.6

Arkansas............................................ 25.41 23.73 25.96 26.55 28.75 31.91 7.0 −3.0 −2.5

Louisiana........................................... 21.33 22.45 23.31 23.83 25.00 29.59 −5.0 −3.9 −3.6

Oklahoma.......................................... 14.12 15.24 15.77 16.65 20.78 30.69 −7.3 −9.2 −8.3

Texas................................................. 16.63 17.48 18.23 18.87 20.38 24.98 −4.9 −4.9 −4.4

Mountain Total.................................. 19.14 19.80 19.95 20.77 21.55 24.77 −3.3 −2.9 −2.8

Arizona.............................................. 25.75 26.81 26.58 26.89 27.08 34.76 −3.9 −1.2 −3.3

Colorado............................................ 17.73 18.36 19.23 19.99 21.04 24.20 −3.4 −4.2 −3.4

Montana ............................................ 10.25 10.80 10.64 11.21 11.48 10.80 −5.1 −2.8 −.6

Nevada .............................................. 27.67 27.62 26.92 30.80 31.52 35.09 .1 −3.2 −2.6

New Mexico ..................................... 21.56 23.63 23.74 24.24 23.98 24.67 −8.8 −2.6 −1.5

Utah................................................... 22.43 22.38 23.44 24.83 26.64 33.77 .3 −4.2 −4.4

Wyoming .......................................... 12.60 12.98 13.25 13.40 13.68 17.08 −2.9 −2.0 −3.3

Pacific Total ....................................... 22.41 21.75 21.18 20.87 21.00 29.51 3.1 1.6 −3.0

Oregon .............................................. 17.75 17.06 17.43 18.25 19.25 27.53 4.0 −2.0 −4.8

Washington ....................................... 23.26 22.60 22.02 21.81 21.53 29.59 2.9 1.9 −2.6

U.S. Total............................................ 23.27 24.00 25.06 26.67 27.86 35.59 −3.0 −4.4 −4.6

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 171 
Table 94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants By Census

Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ $63.46 $57.36 $56.90 $55.73 $57.83 $63.13 10.6 2.3 *

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − w −− −

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... $41.52 $40.11 $41.91 $42.20 $42.15 $42.83 3.5 −.4 −0.3

Pennsylvania ..................................... 34.20 33.84 34.07 33.66 34.04 36.17 1.1 .1 −.6

East North Central Total ................. 33.53 34.44 34.89 34.72 34.54 35.94 −2.6 −.7 −.8

Illinois ............................................... 29.76 29.69 29.03 29.13 29.42 31.18 .2 .3 −.5

Indiana .............................................. 29.75 31.76 33.14 31.35 30.91 33.19 −6.3 −.9 −1.2

Michigan ........................................... 41.94 41.28 41.18 41.20 41.46 43.03 1.6 .3 −.3

Ohio .................................................. 34.05 35.28 35.18 35.75 34.82 34.09 −3.5 −.6 *

Wisconsin.......................................... 40.03 40.02 40.21 41.23 40.85 42.79 * −.5 −.7

West North Central Total ................ 19.02 19.05 18.92 18.61 18.00 17.26 −.1 1.4 1.1

Iowa .................................................. 28.92 29.32 29.24 28.52 28.01 32.84 −1.4 .8 −1.4

Kansas............................................... 31.93 32.46 32.42 32.25 33.06 31.14 −1.6 −.9 .3

Minnesota.......................................... 31.03 28.85 34.40 35.66 35.81 35.24 7.6 −3.5 −1.4

Missouri ............................................ 30.06 31.37 32.81 32.87 32.12 29.40 −4.2 −1.6 .2

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... $23.36 $24.90 $22.21 $21.78 $15.57 $14.54 −6.2 10.7 5.4

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... $45.13 $45.69 $46.63 $46.60 $48.28 $46.15 −1.2 −1.7 −.2

Georgia.............................................. 44.84 44.21 44.64 45.71 45.20 43.76 1.4 −.2 .3

Maryland........................................... 32.62 32.52 31.66 32.18 32.18 32.83 .3 .3 −.1

North Carolina .................................. 43.14 43.36 43.29 43.62 43.44 43.56 −.5 −.2 −.1

South Carolina .................................. 44.23 44.08 43.16 43.84 43.35 41.82 .3 .5 .6

Virginia ............................................. 43.85 43.51 42.50 41.56 41.27 38.36 .8 1.5 1.5

West Virginia.................................... 35.31 33.37 33.61 32.73 32.91 30.98 5.8 1.8 1.5

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ $40.20 $40.15 $39.53 $38.74 $39.01 $39.36 .1 .8 .2

Kentucky........................................... 44.71 44.02 44.09 43.22 42.30 43.83 1.6 1.4 .2

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... $36.33 $35.21 $35.68 $35.34 $35.41 $34.63 3.2 .6 .5

West South Central Total ................ 22.42 21.79 22.04 22.95 21.38 23.98 2.9 1.2 −.7

Arkansas............................................ 42.38 43.24 43.52 44.28 44.06 45.23 −2.0 −1.0 −.7

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas................................................. $20.13 $18.99 $18.76 $19.54 $17.58 $18.42 6.0 3.4 1.0

Mountain Total.................................. 27.14 26.70 27.06 28.78 28.51 28.48 1.6 −1.2 −.5

Arizona.............................................. 38.81 39.27 40.46 41.35 40.51 38.19 −1.2 −1.1 .2

Colorado............................................ 25.13 23.17 26.11 28.96 28.63 28.88 8.5 −3.2 −1.5

Idaho ................................................. 34.57 36.39 34.11 33.35 32.78 32.55 −5.0 1.3 .7

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... $19.28 $19.10 $19.74 $26.57 $26.51 $25.48 .9 −7.6 −3.0

Wyoming .......................................... 23.68 22.32 22.72 22.87 23.43 24.93 6.1 .3 −.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 43.24 42.45 43.68 44.92 43.83 44.72 1.9 −.3 −.4

California .......................................... 40.14 39.54 41.11 43.39 42.86 44.64 1.5 −1.6 −1.2

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... $59.80 $58.81 $59.15 $58.86 $53.11 $48.79 1.7 3.0 2.3

U.S. Total............................................ 32.41 32.32 32.42 32.55 32.23 33.43 .3 .1 −.3

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

172 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by

Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ $56.46 $52.05 $52.78 $53.03 $56.37 $73.32 8.5 * −2.9

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − w −− −

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... $36.94 $36.40 $38.87 $40.15 $41.09 $49.75 1.5 −2.6 −3.3

Pennsylvania ..................................... 30.42 30.71 31.60 32.03 33.18 42.01 −.9 −2.1 −3.5

East North Central Total ................. 29.83 31.25 32.36 33.03 33.66 41.75 −4.5 −3.0 −3.7

Illinois ............................................... 26.47 26.94 26.93 27.71 28.67 36.21 −1.7 −2.0 −3.4

Indiana .............................................. 26.47 28.82 30.74 29.83 30.13 38.55 −8.1 −3.2 −4.1

Michigan ........................................... 37.31 37.46 38.20 39.20 40.41 49.98 −.4 −2.0 −3.2

Ohio .................................................. 30.29 32.01 32.64 34.01 33.94 39.59 −5.4 −2.8 −2.9

Wisconsin.......................................... 35.61 36.32 37.30 39.23 39.81 49.70 −1.9 −2.7 −3.6

West North Central Total ................ 16.93 17.28 17.55 17.71 17.54 20.04 −2.1 −.9 −1.9

Iowa .................................................. 25.73 26.61 27.12 27.13 27.30 38.15 −3.3 −1.5 −4.3

Kansas............................................... 28.41 29.45 30.07 30.68 32.22 36.17 −3.5 −3.1 −2.6

Minnesota.......................................... 27.61 26.18 31.91 33.93 34.90 40.93 5.5 −5.7 −4.3

Missouri ............................................ 26.75 28.47 30.44 31.28 31.30 34.15 −6.0 −3.8 −2.7

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... $20.78 $22.59 $20.60 $20.72 $15.17 $16.88 −8.0 8.2 2.3

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... $40.15 $41.46 $43.26 $44.34 $47.06 $53.60 −3.1 −3.9 −3.1

Georgia.............................................. 39.89 40.12 41.41 43.49 44.05 50.83 −.6 −2.4 −2.6

Maryland........................................... 29.02 29.51 29.37 30.61 31.36 38.12 −1.7 −1.9 −3.0

North Carolina .................................. 38.38 39.35 40.16 41.50 42.34 50.59 −2.5 −2.4 −3.0

South Carolina .................................. 39.35 40.00 40.04 41.71 42.25 48.57 −1.6 −1.8 −2.3

Virginia ............................................. 39.01 39.48 39.42 39.55 40.23 44.56 −1.2 −.8 −1.5

West Virginia.................................... 31.41 30.28 31.18 31.14 32.08 35.98 3.7 −.5 −1.5

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ $35.77 $36.43 $36.67 $36.86 $38.02 $45.71 −1.8 −1.5 −2.7

Kentucky........................................... 39.78 39.94 40.90 41.12 41.23 50.91 −.4 −.9 −2.7

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... $32.32 $31.95 $33.10 $33.63 $34.52 $40.22 1.2 −1.6 −2.4

West South Central Total ................ 19.94 19.77 20.44 21.83 20.84 27.85 .9 −1.1 −3.6

Arkansas............................................ 37.70 39.24 40.37 42.13 42.95 52.53 −3.9 −3.2 −3.6

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas................................................. $17.91 $17.23 $17.40 $18.59 $17.13 $21.39 3.9 1.1 −1.9

Mountain Total.................................. 24.14 24.23 25.10 27.39 27.79 33.08 −.4 −3.4 −3.4

Arizona.............................................. 34.53 35.64 37.53 39.34 39.48 44.35 −3.1 −3.3 −2.7

Colorado............................................ 22.36 21.03 24.22 27.55 27.90 33.54 6.3 −5.4 −4.4

Idaho ................................................. 30.75 33.02 31.64 31.73 31.95 37.81 −6.8 −.9 −2.3

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... $17.15 $17.33 $18.31 $25.28 $25.84 $29.59 −1.1 −9.7 −5.9

Wyoming .......................................... 21.07 20.26 21.08 21.76 22.84 28.95 4.0 −2.0 −3.5

Pacific Total ....................................... 38.47 38.52 40.52 42.74 42.72 51.94 −.1 −2.6 −3.3

California .......................................... 35.71 35.88 38.14 41.29 41.78 51.85 −.4 −3.8 −4.0

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... $53.20 $53.37 $54.87 $56.01 $51.76 $56.66 −.3 .7 −.7

U.S. Total............................................ 28.83 29.33 30.08 30.97 31.41 38.83 −1.7 −2.1 −3.3

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators.

See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 173 
Table 96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division

and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... $46.20 $45.16 $46.11 $46.25 $46.41 $43.11 2.3 −0.1 0.8

East North Central Total ................. 49.12 49.54 49.09 47.23 49.52 51.22 −.8 −.2 −.5

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. $50.75 $51.93 $52.74 $50.90 $52.29 $54.26 −2.3 −.7 −.7

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. $46.89 $44.98 $42.18 $42.02 $45.07 $46.32 4.2 1.0 .1

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − w −− −

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ $50.04 $49.37 $48.42 $47.45 $47.50 $45.53 1.3 1.3 1.0

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w −− −

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ $47.61 $47.33 $47.34 $46.56 $47.44 $47.70 .6 .1 *

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Table 97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census

Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... $41.10 $40.98 $42.77 $44.00 $45.24 $50.07 0.3 −2.4 −2.2

East North Central Total ................. 43.70 44.96 45.54 44.94 48.26 59.49 −2.8 −2.4 −3.4

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. $45.15 $47.13 $48.92 $48.43 $50.97 $63.02 −4.2 −3.0 −3.6

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. $41.72 $40.82 $39.13 $39.98 $43.92 $53.80 2.2 −1.3 −2.8

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − w −− −

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ $44.52 $44.80 $44.92 $45.15 $46.30 $52.88 −.6 −1.0 −1.9

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w −− −

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ $42.36 $42.95 $43.91 $44.30 $46.24 $55.40 −1.4 −2.2 −2.9

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

174 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of

Origin, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Origin 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... $38.11 $34.89 $35.12 $30.81 $29.60 $26.86 9.2 6.5 4.0

Canada .............................................. 38.11 34.90 35.12 30.81 29.62 26.71 9.2 6.5 4.0

Mexico .............................................. − 33.43 − − 21.19 28.54 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

South America Total......................... 32.49 31.24 32.76 29.00 27.64 27.28 4.0 4.1 1.9

Colombia........................................... 32.11 31.40 31.15 27.46 27.26 27.49 2.3 4.2 1.7

Venezuela.......................................... 33.26 30.97 35.14 32.41 28.87 26.09 7.4 3.6 2.7

Europe Total ...................................... 49.22 − 25.70 − 32.08 36.28 − 11.3 3.4

Denmark............................................ − − − − 32.08 36.28 − −100.0 −100.0

Norway.............................................. 49.45 − − − − −− − −

Switzerland ....................................... 41.20 − − − − −− − −

United Kingdom ............................... − − 25.70 − − −− − −

Asia Total ........................................... 33.05 32.45 35.13 34.09 42.70 − 1.8 −6.2 −

Indonesia........................................... 32.82 32.45 35.13 33.80 42.70 − 1.1 −6.4 −

Vietnam ............................................. 49.09 − − 48.08 − −− − −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 33.47 33.41 33.57 31.16 31.56 29.14 .2 1.5 1.5

Australia............................................ 33.47 33.41 30.99 30.02 31.56 29.14 .2 1.5 1.5

New Zealand..................................... − − 46.42 44.15 − −− − −

Africa Total........................................ − − − 25.33 27.81 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ −−− 25.33 − −− − −

Swaziland.......................................... − − − − 27.81 −− −100.0 −

Total1 .................................................. 33.50 32.17 33.54 30.01 29.44 27.23 4.1 3.3 2.3

U.S. Total2.......................................... 34.32 33.45 34.13 30.21 29.89 29.96 2.6 3.5 1.5

1 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within

the range of $20 to $55 per short ton, inclusively.

2 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports.

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

176 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... $30.57 $33.09 $34.05 $32.42 $34.05 $41.51 −7.6 −2.6 −3.3

Canada1 ............................................ 29.16 32.23 33.49 32.08 33.76 41.57 −9.5 −3.6 −3.9

Mexico .............................................. 41.31 39.70 39.96 44.28 44.04 41.06 4.0 −1.6 .1

Other2 ............................................... 38.08 38.03 34.29 35.58 33.78 34.11 .1 3.0 1.2

South America Total......................... 43.94 43.81 43.46 42.28 43.77 44.39 .3 .1 −.1

Argentina .......................................... 47.69 46.36 43.40 42.48 43.21 43.71 2.9 2.5 1.0

Brazil................................................. 44.12 44.67 43.88 42.26 43.84 44.49 −1.2 .2 −.1

Chile.................................................. 32.24 32.37 31.70 34.47 46.78 46.99 −.4 −8.9 −4.1

Other2 ............................................... 40.81 39.19 43.42 40.88 39.46 26.28 4.1 .8 5.0

Europe Total ...................................... 43.02 42.10 40.92 41.86 43.05 42.01 2.2 * .3

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 45.71 45.73 43.47 42.23 43.23 42.33 * 1.4 .8

Bulgaria............................................. 46.42 44.26 44.04 42.09 41.96 − 4.9 2.5 −

Denmark............................................ 31.72 29.30 29.37 29.23 34.95 30.09 8.3 −2.4 .6

Finland .............................................. 41.63 42.11 39.47 41.14 39.61 41.73 −1.1 1.3 *

France................................................ 45.96 44.94 43.71 44.23 42.24 43.83 2.3 2.1 .5

Germany, FR .................................... 44.59 41.08 34.99 45.33 38.98 44.47 8.6 3.4 *

Greece ............................................... 40.73 33.94 40.69 − 40.67 39.95 20.0 * .2

Iceland............................................... 59.33 57.49 56.04 38.00 − 53.24 3.2 − 1.2

Ireland ............................................... 37.99 37.35 36.07 33.82 35.84 41.12 1.7 1.5 −.9

Italy ................................................... 45.54 45.05 44.14 43.00 44.33 42.71 1.1 .7 .7

Netherlands ....................................... 44.97 41.36 41.97 41.93 44.22 40.37 8.7 .4 1.2

Norway.............................................. 58.38 57.05 56.42 54.57 53.48 43.65 2.3 2.2 3.3

Portugal............................................. 36.76 36.53 36.46 36.25 37.70 38.98 .6 −.6 −.6

Romania ............................................ 44.58 46.95 42.43 38.10 38.54 43.56 −5.0 3.7 .3

Spain ................................................. 37.01 37.56 34.75 40.12 42.66 45.17 −1.5 −3.5 −2.2

Sweden.............................................. 48.19 47.50 48.21 45.56 45.96 44.46 1.4 1.2 .9

Turkey............................................... 46.07 44.33 42.61 41.28 42.58 43.27 3.9 2.0 .7

United Kingdom ............................... 39.30 38.90 40.92 45.06 45.94 44.57 1.0 −3.8 −1.4

Other2 ............................................... 34.47 35.07 38.06 40.92 39.60 42.87 −1.7 −3.4 −2.4

Asia Total ........................................... 39.73 39.57 39.10 38.63 40.49 41.92 .4 −.5 −.6

China (Taiwan)................................. 36.75 36.86 36.95 38.65 39.49 40.21 −.3 −1.8 −1.0

Israel.................................................. 36.81 36.40 35.79 33.23 34.79 36.91 1.1 1.4 *

Japan ................................................. 39.00 39.41 39.14 38.52 40.72 42.32 −1.0 −1.1 −.9

Korea, Republic of ........................... 43.98 42.72 40.97 40.24 42.12 42.57 2.9 1.1 .4

Other2 ............................................... 36.33 48.89 30.41 37.24 44.23 53.66 −25.7 −4.8 −4.2

Oceania & Australia Total............... 40.79 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.46 38.30 .2 4.3 .7

Other2 ............................................... 40.79 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.46 38.30 .2 4.3 .7

Africa Total........................................ 48.50 44.36 43.07 43.59 42.55 43.88 9.3 3.3 1.1

Algeria .............................................. 46.64 50.23 47.80 43.24 44.32 44.31 −7.1 1.3 .6

Egypt................................................. 51.29 53.37 49.36 43.14 44.86 44.13 −3.9 3.4 1.7

Morocco ............................................ 30.67 33.93 33.00 35.03 33.86 33.34 −9.6 −2.4 −.9

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 48.66 49.55 47.38 45.67 46.87 − −1.8 .9 −

Other2 ............................................... 39.27 −−− 40.53 40.17 − −.8 −.3

Total3 .................................................. 40.24 40.53 40.03 39.90 41.33 42.06 −.7 −.7 −.5

U.S. Total4.......................................... 40.55 40.76 40.27 39.93 41.41 42.23 −.5 −.5 −.4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1996.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 177 
Table 100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination,

1988, 1993-1997

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... $27.20 $30.03 $31.58 $30.84 $33.19 $48.21 −9.4 −4.8 −6.2

Canada1 ............................................ 25.95 29.25 31.07 30.52 32.91 48.28 −11.3 −5.8 −6.7

Mexico .............................................. 36.75 36.03 37.07 42.13 42.93 47.69 2.0 −3.8 −2.8

Other2 ............................................... 33.88 34.51 31.81 33.86 32.92 39.61 −1.8 .7 −1.7

South America Total......................... 39.10 39.75 40.31 40.23 42.66 51.55 −1.6 −2.1 −3.0

Argentina .......................................... 42.43 42.07 40.26 40.42 42.12 50.76 .8 .2 −2.0

Brazil................................................. 39.26 40.54 40.71 40.21 42.73 51.67 −3.2 −2.1 −3.0

Chile.................................................. 28.69 29.38 29.40 32.80 45.59 54.58 −2.3 −10.9 −6.9

Other2 ............................................... 36.31 35.56 40.28 38.89 38.46 30.52 2.1 −1.4 1.9

Europe Total ...................................... 38.28 38.20 37.95 39.83 41.96 48.79 .2 −2.3 −2.7

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 40.66 41.50 40.32 40.18 42.13 49.17 −2.0 −.9 −2.1

Bulgaria............................................. 41.30 40.16 40.85 40.05 40.90 − 2.8 .2 −

Denmark............................................ 28.23 26.59 27.24 27.81 34.07 34.95 6.2 −4.6 −2.3

Finland .............................................. 37.04 38.22 36.61 39.14 38.61 48.47 −3.1 −1.0 −2.9

France................................................ 40.89 40.78 40.55 42.09 41.17 50.91 .3 −.2 −2.4

Germany, FR .................................... 39.67 37.27 32.46 43.13 37.99 51.64 6.4 1.1 −2.9

Greece ............................................... 36.24 30.80 37.75 − 39.64 46.40 17.6 −2.2 −2.7

Iceland............................................... 52.78 52.17 51.99 36.16 − 61.84 1.2 − −1.7

Ireland ............................................... 33.80 33.89 33.46 32.18 34.93 47.76 −.3 −.8 −3.8

Italy ................................................... 40.51 40.88 40.95 40.91 43.20 49.61 −.9 −1.6 −2.2

Netherlands ....................................... 40.01 37.53 38.93 39.89 43.10 46.89 6.6 −1.8 −1.7

Norway.............................................. 51.94 51.77 52.34 51.92 52.12 50.70 .3 −.1 .3

Portugal............................................. 32.71 33.14 33.82 34.49 36.74 45.28 −1.3 −2.9 −3.5

Romania ............................................ 39.66 42.61 39.36 36.25 37.56 50.59 −6.9 1.4 −2.7

Spain ................................................. 32.92 34.09 32.23 38.18 41.58 52.46 −3.4 −5.7 −5.0

Sweden.............................................. 42.88 43.10 44.72 43.35 44.80 51.64 −.5 −1.1 −2.0

Turkey............................................... 40.99 40.22 39.53 39.28 41.50 50.26 1.9 −.3 −2.2

United Kingdom ............................... 34.97 35.30 37.96 42.87 44.77 51.76 −.9 −6.0 −4.3

Other2 ............................................... 30.67 31.82 35.30 38.94 38.59 49.79 −3.6 −5.6 −5.2

Asia Total ........................................... 35.34 35.91 36.27 36.76 39.46 48.69 −1.6 −2.7 −3.5

China (Taiwan)................................. 32.70 33.45 34.28 36.77 38.49 46.70 −2.2 −4.0 −3.9

Israel.................................................. 32.75 33.03 33.20 31.62 33.91 42.87 −.8 −.9 −2.9

Japan ................................................. 34.70 35.76 36.31 36.66 39.68 49.15 −3.0 −3.3 −3.8

Korea, Republic of ........................... 39.13 38.77 38.01 38.29 41.05 49.45 .9 −1.2 −2.6

Other2 ............................................... 32.32 44.37 28.21 35.43 43.11 62.32 −27.1 −6.9 −7.0

Oceania & Australia Total............... 36.29 36.94 36.98 38.05 33.59 44.48 −1.8 1.9 −2.2

Other2 ............................................... 36.29 36.94 36.98 38.05 33.59 44.48 −1.8 1.9 −2.2

Africa Total........................................ 43.15 40.26 39.95 41.48 41.47 50.97 7.2 1.0 −1.8

Algeria .............................................. 41.50 45.58 44.34 41.14 43.20 51.47 −9.0 −1.0 −2.4

Egypt................................................. 45.63 48.43 45.79 41.04 43.72 51.26 −5.8 1.1 −1.3

Morocco ............................................ 27.29 30.79 30.61 33.33 33.00 38.72 −11.4 −4.6 −3.8

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 43.30 44.96 43.95 43.45 45.69 − −3.7 −1.3 −

Other2 ............................................... 34.94 −−− 39.51 46.66 − −3.0 −3.2

Total3 .................................................. 35.80 36.78 37.13 37.96 40.28 48.85 −2.6 −2.9 −3.4

U.S. Total4.......................................... 36.08 36.99 37.36 37.99 40.36 49.05 −2.4 −2.8 −3.3

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1996.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

178 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination,

1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... $35.39 $36.79 $37.25 $35.08 $36.03 $45.67 −3.8 −0.4 −2.8

Canada1 ............................................ 34.10 35.99 36.55 34.58 35.66 45.86 −5.3 −1.1 −3.2

Mexico .............................................. 49.86 47.36 46.90 44.54 45.17 41.85 5.3 2.5 2.0

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 37.75 − −−100.0

South America Total......................... 44.32 44.61 43.66 42.29 43.91 44.39 −.6 .2 *

Argentina .......................................... 48.88 46.87 43.54 42.56 43.63 43.71 4.3 2.9 1.3

Brazil................................................. 44.15 44.73 43.89 42.26 43.94 44.44 −1.3 .1 −.1

Chile.................................................. − 30.26 30.26 − − 47.05 −100.0 − −100.0

Other2 ............................................... − 50.76 − − − − −100.0 − −

Europe Total ...................................... 47.60 47.68 46.02 44.56 45.62 43.94 −.1 1.1 .9

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 48.34 48.68 45.97 45.07 45.95 43.78 −.7 1.3 1.1

Bulgaria............................................. 46.42 43.36 44.04 42.13 41.99 − 7.0 2.5 −

Denmark............................................ − − − − 36.29 26.99 − −100.0 −100.0

Finland .............................................. 43.37 44.21 42.65 42.34 39.61 41.73 −1.9 2.3 .4

France................................................ 47.20 47.13 45.08 44.36 45.17 43.88 .1 1.1 .8

Germany, FR .................................... 47.84 49.87 47.52 45.88 46.17 44.16 −4.1 .9 .9

Iceland............................................... 59.33 57.43 56.04 38.00 − − 3.3 − −

Ireland ............................................... 37.42 − − − − 42.31 −−−1.3

Italy ................................................... 48.85 47.90 46.61 45.32 45.93 44.65 2.0 1.5 1.0

Netherlands ....................................... 47.10 47.29 46.56 44.96 46.17 42.39 −.4 .5 1.2

Norway.............................................. 58.38 57.05 56.42 54.57 53.48 44.88 2.3 2.2 3.0

Portugal............................................. 44.31 45.20 46.45 − 38.43 42.09 −2.0 3.6 .6

Romania ............................................ 45.31 46.95 43.02 34.71 40.64 43.56 −3.5 2.8 .4

Spain ................................................. 49.23 50.92 49.02 46.36 47.47 44.96 −3.3 .9 1.0

Sweden.............................................. 48.19 48.20 48.20 45.56 45.96 46.20 * 1.2 .5

Turkey............................................... 46.08 44.54 43.28 41.28 42.58 43.28 3.4 2.0 .7

United Kingdom ............................... 48.49 49.08 47.22 45.15 46.64 44.83 −1.2 1.0 .9

Other2 ............................................... − − − − 48.31 42.88 − −100.0 −100.0

Asia Total ........................................... 43.64 43.45 42.38 41.45 43.81 43.73 .4 −.1 *

China (Taiwan)................................. 42.95 45.24 44.48 42.48 44.86 44.02 −5.0 −1.1 −.3

Israel.................................................. 39.79 40.91 40.91 − − −−2.7 − −

Japan ................................................. 41.68 42.19 41.14 40.57 43.24 43.32 −1.2 −.9 −.4

Korea, Republic of ........................... 47.68 46.08 45.98 44.00 45.67 45.05 3.5 1.1 .6

Other2 ............................................... 57.41 59.36 − − 45.13 55.00 −3.3 6.2 .5

Africa Total........................................ 49.69 50.87 48.52 43.95 45.25 44.24 −2.3 2.4 1.3

Algeria .............................................. 46.64 50.23 47.80 43.24 44.32 44.31 −7.1 1.3 .6

Egypt................................................. 51.31 53.38 49.38 43.14 44.86 44.13 −3.9 3.4 1.7

Morocco ............................................ − 30.30 − − − − −100.0 − −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 48.66 49.55 47.38 45.67 46.87 − −1.8 .9 −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − 40.53 −− −100.0 −

Total3 .................................................. 45.36 45.40 44.24 42.75 44.09 44.15 −.1 .7 .3

U.S. Total4.......................................... 45.45 45.49 44.30 42.77 44.11 44.17 −.1 .8 .3

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1996.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 179 
Table 102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by

Destination, 1988, 1993-1997

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... $31.48 $33.38 $34.56 $33.38 $35.12 $53.05 −5.7 −2.7 −5.6

Canada1 ............................................ 30.34 32.66 33.91 32.90 34.76 53.26 −7.1 −3.3 −6.1

Mexico .............................................. 44.36 42.97 43.51 42.38 44.03 48.61 3.2 .2 −1.0

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 43.84 − −−100.0

South America Total......................... 39.43 40.48 40.50 40.23 42.80 51.56 −2.6 −2.0 −2.9

Argentina .......................................... 43.49 42.53 40.39 40.49 42.52 50.77 2.3 .6 −1.7

Brazil................................................. 39.28 40.59 40.72 40.21 42.83 51.62 −3.2 −2.1 −3.0

Chile.................................................. − 27.46 28.07 − − 54.65 −100.0 − −100.0

Other2 ............................................... − 46.06 − − − − −100.0 − −

Europe Total ...................................... 42.35 43.26 42.69 42.40 44.47 51.03 −2.1 −1.2 −2.0

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 43.00 44.17 42.65 42.89 44.78 50.84 −2.6 −1.0 −1.8

Bulgaria............................................. 41.30 39.35 40.85 40.08 40.93 − 4.9 .2 −

Denmark............................................ − − − − 35.37 31.35 − −100.0 −100.0

Finland .............................................. 38.59 40.12 39.56 40.29 38.60 48.47 −3.8 * −2.5

France................................................ 42.00 42.77 41.82 42.21 44.02 50.96 −1.8 −1.2 −2.1

Germany, FR .................................... 42.56 45.26 44.08 43.66 45.00 51.29 −5.9 −1.4 −2.0

Iceland............................................... 52.78 52.12 51.99 36.16 − − 1.3 − −

Ireland ............................................... 33.29 − − − − 49.14 −−−4.2

Italy ................................................... 43.47 43.46 43.24 43.13 44.76 51.86 * −.7 −1.9

Netherlands ....................................... 41.91 42.91 43.19 42.78 45.00 49.23 −2.3 −1.8 −1.8

Norway.............................................. 51.94 51.77 52.34 51.92 52.12 52.13 .3 −.1 *

Portugal............................................. 39.42 41.02 43.09 − 37.46 48.89 −3.9 1.3 −2.4

Romania ............................................ 40.31 42.61 39.91 33.02 39.61 50.59 −5.4 .4 −2.5

Spain ................................................. 43.80 46.21 45.47 44.11 46.27 52.22 −5.2 −1.4 −1.9

Sweden.............................................. 42.88 43.73 44.72 43.35 44.80 53.65 −2.0 −1.1 −2.5

Turkey............................................... 41.00 40.42 40.15 39.28 41.51 50.26 1.4 −.3 −2.2

United Kingdom ............................... 43.14 44.54 43.80 42.96 45.46 52.07 −3.1 −1.3 −2.1

Other2 ............................................... − − − − 47.08 49.80 − −100.0 −100.0

Asia Total ........................................... 38.82 39.43 39.31 39.44 42.70 50.79 −1.5 −2.3 −2.9

China (Taiwan)................................. 38.21 41.05 41.26 40.42 43.73 51.12 −6.9 −3.3 −3.2

Israel.................................................. 35.40 37.13 37.95 − − −−4.6 − −

Japan ................................................. 37.08 38.29 38.16 38.60 42.15 50.32 −3.1 −3.1 −3.3

Korea, Republic of ........................... 42.42 41.81 42.66 41.86 44.52 52.32 1.5 −1.2 −2.3

Other2 ............................................... 51.07 53.86 − − 43.99 63.88 −5.2 3.8 −2.4

Africa Total........................................ 44.21 46.16 45.01 41.81 44.11 51.39 −4.2 * −1.6

Algeria .............................................. 41.50 45.58 44.34 41.14 43.20 51.47 −9.0 −1.0 −2.4

Egypt................................................. 45.65 48.44 45.80 41.05 43.73 51.26 −5.8 1.1 −1.3

Morocco ............................................ − 27.50 − − − − −100.0 − −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 43.30 44.96 43.96 43.45 45.69 − −3.7 −1.3 −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − 39.51 −− −100.0 −

Total3 .................................................. 40.35 41.20 41.04 40.68 42.98 51.27 −2.0 −1.6 −2.6

U.S. Total4.......................................... 40.43 41.28 41.09 40.69 42.99 51.30 −2.0 −1.5 −2.6

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1996.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

180 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination,

1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... $28.26 $29.41 $31.06 $30.09 $31.68 $38.77 −3.9 −2.8 −3.4

Canada1 ............................................ 26.64 28.06 30.46 29.97 31.50 38.82 −5.0 −4.1 −4.1

Mexico .............................................. 38.67 36.21 35.60 41.42 40.40 38.78 6.8 −1.1 *

Other2 ............................................... 38.08 38.03 34.29 35.58 33.78 29.37 .1 3.0 2.9

South America Total......................... 38.78 34.94 35.66 36.52 40.05 44.26 11.0 −.8 −1.4

Argentina .......................................... 40.79 40.53 36.09 33.11 37.81 40.00 .6 1.9 .2

Brazil................................................. 42.12 40.57 34.81 − 40.61 46.27 3.8 .9 −1.0

Chile.................................................. 32.24 32.76 32.96 34.47 46.78 34.98 −1.6 −8.9 −.9

Other2 ............................................... 40.81 39.16 43.42 40.88 39.46 26.28 4.2 .8 5.0

Europe Total ...................................... 32.52 33.71 34.33 35.01 36.50 37.37 −3.5 −2.8 −1.5

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 36.34 36.69 35.07 33.49 34.09 33.32 −.9 1.6 1.0

Bulgaria............................................. − 50.55 − 41.40 41.51 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Denmark............................................ 31.72 29.30 29.37 29.23 34.34 30.25 8.3 −2.0 .5

Finland .............................................. 36.20 35.23 35.53 35.47 40.85 − 2.8 −3.0 −

France................................................ 34.84 36.14 35.13 38.11 31.83 34.88 −3.6 2.3 *

Germany, FR .................................... 35.04 31.92 33.31 40.67 34.19 48.01 9.7 .6 −3.4

Greece ............................................... 40.73 33.94 40.69 − 40.67 39.95 20.0 * .2

Iceland............................................... − 57.93 − − − 53.24 −100.0 − −100.0

Ireland ............................................... 38.13 37.35 36.07 33.82 35.84 41.10 2.1 1.5 −.8

Italy ................................................... 39.30 41.20 41.70 38.30 40.26 40.07 −4.6 −.6 −.2

Netherlands ....................................... 32.52 32.94 36.45 35.95 40.21 38.04 −1.3 −5.2 −1.7

Norway.............................................. − − − − − 43.25 − −−100.0

Portugal............................................. 35.48 35.60 36.28 36.25 37.62 38.07 −.3 −1.4 −.8

Romania ............................................ 29.17 − 39.08 40.63 36.29 −− −5.3 −

Spain ................................................. 22.38 22.14 21.37 21.19 25.21 57.81 1.1 −2.9 −10.0

Sweden.............................................. − 39.21 48.54 − − 36.71 −100.0 − −100.0

Turkey............................................... 42.02 41.28 30.98 − 40.84 38.27 1.8 .7 1.0

United Kingdom ............................... 29.99 28.82 30.63 42.71 41.26 37.26 4.1 −7.7 −2.4

Other2 ............................................... 34.47 35.07 38.06 40.92 29.03 39.59 −1.7 4.4 −1.5

Asia Total ........................................... 34.94 35.84 34.63 35.18 36.52 38.07 −2.5 −1.1 −.9

China (Taiwan)................................. 34.71 35.33 35.66 38.28 39.01 39.56 −1.8 −2.9 −1.4

Israel.................................................. 35.92 35.12 34.63 33.23 34.79 36.91 2.3 .8 −.3

Japan ................................................. 34.97 36.31 35.03 33.57 35.45 36.22 −3.7 −.3 −.4

Korea, Republic of ........................... 35.01 35.32 32.01 32.56 34.34 36.31 −.9 .5 −.4

Other2 ............................................... 33.56 38.26 30.41 37.24 37.31 37.39 −12.3 −2.6 −1.2

Oceania & Australia Total............... 40.79 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.46 38.30 .2 4.3 .7

Other2 ............................................... 40.79 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.46 38.30 .2 4.3 .7

Africa Total........................................ 32.31 34.02 33.01 35.12 33.86 33.35 −5.0 −1.2 −.3

Egypt................................................. 40.73 40.78 40.81 40.89 40.88 − −.1 −.1 −

Morocco ............................................ 30.67 34.01 33.00 35.03 33.86 33.34 −9.8 −2.4 −.9

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − − 39.80 − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 39.27 − − − − 40.17 −− −.3

Total3 .................................................. 31.61 33.51 33.89 34.03 35.67 38.05 −5.7 −3.0 −2.0

U.S. Total4.......................................... 32.42 34.09 34.51 34.34 36.03 38.59 −4.9 −2.6 −1.9

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1996.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 181 
Table 104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination,

1988, 1993-1997

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... $25.14 $26.69 $28.82 $28.63 $30.87 $45.03 −5.8 −5.0 −6.3

Canada1 ............................................ 23.70 25.46 28.26 28.51 30.70 45.09 −6.9 −6.3 −6.9

Mexico .............................................. 34.41 32.85 33.03 39.41 39.37 45.04 4.7 −3.3 −2.9

Other2 ............................................... 33.88 34.51 31.81 33.86 32.92 34.12 −1.8 .7 −.1

South America Total......................... 34.50 31.71 33.08 34.75 39.04 51.40 8.8 −3.0 −4.3

Argentina .......................................... 36.29 36.78 33.48 31.50 36.85 46.46 −1.3 −.4 −2.7

Brazil................................................. 37.47 36.82 32.30 − 39.58 53.74 1.8 −1.4 −3.9

Chile.................................................. 28.69 29.73 30.58 32.80 45.59 40.63 −3.5 −10.9 −3.8

Other2 ............................................... 36.31 35.53 40.28 38.89 38.46 30.52 2.2 −1.4 1.9

Europe Total ...................................... 28.94 30.59 31.84 33.31 35.57 43.40 −5.4 −5.0 −4.4

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 32.33 33.30 32.53 31.86 33.23 38.70 −2.9 −.7 −2.0

Bulgaria............................................. − 45.87 − 39.39 40.46 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Denmark............................................ 28.23 26.59 27.24 27.81 33.47 35.13 6.2 −4.2 −2.4

Finland .............................................. 32.20 31.97 32.96 33.75 39.81 − .7 −5.2 −

France................................................ 31.00 32.79 32.59 36.26 31.02 40.51 −5.5 * −2.9

Germany, FR .................................... 31.17 28.97 30.90 38.70 33.33 55.76 7.6 −1.6 −6.3

Greece ............................................... 36.24 30.80 37.75 − 39.64 46.40 17.6 −2.2 −2.7

Iceland............................................... − 52.57 − − − 61.84 −100.0 − −100.0

Ireland ............................................... 33.92 33.89 33.46 32.18 34.93 47.73 .1 −.7 −3.7

Italy ................................................... 34.96 37.38 38.68 36.44 39.24 46.54 −6.5 −2.8 −3.1

Netherlands ....................................... 28.94 29.89 33.81 34.21 39.19 44.18 −3.2 −7.3 −4.6

Norway.............................................. − − − − − 50.23 − −−100.0

Portugal............................................. 31.56 32.30 33.65 34.49 36.67 44.22 −2.3 −3.7 −3.7

Romania ............................................ 25.95 − 36.25 38.66 35.37 −− −7.4 −

Spain ................................................. 19.91 20.09 19.83 20.16 24.57 67.15 −.9 −5.1 −12.6

Sweden.............................................. − 35.58 45.03 − − 42.64 −100.0 − −100.0

Turkey............................................... 37.38 37.46 28.74 − 39.80 44.44 −.2 −1.5 −1.9

United Kingdom ............................... 26.68 26.15 28.41 40.63 40.22 43.27 2.0 −9.7 −5.2

Other2 ............................................... 30.67 31.82 35.30 38.94 28.29 45.98 −3.6 2.0 −4.4

Asia Total ........................................... 31.08 32.52 32.12 33.48 35.59 44.21 −4.4 −3.3 −3.8

China (Taiwan)................................. 30.88 32.06 33.08 36.42 38.02 45.94 −3.7 −5.1 −4.3

Israel.................................................. 31.96 31.87 32.12 31.62 33.91 42.87 .3 −1.5 −3.2

Japan ................................................. 31.11 32.95 32.49 31.94 34.55 42.07 −5.6 −2.6 −3.3

Korea, Republic of ........................... 31.14 32.05 29.69 30.98 33.47 42.17 −2.8 −1.8 −3.3

Other2 ............................................... 29.86 34.71 28.21 35.43 36.37 43.42 −14.0 −4.8 −4.1

Oceania & Australia Total............... 36.29 36.94 36.98 38.05 33.59 44.48 −1.8 1.9 −2.2

Other2 ............................................... 36.29 36.94 36.98 38.05 33.59 44.48 −1.8 1.9 −2.2

Africa Total........................................ 28.75 30.87 30.62 33.41 33.01 38.74 −6.9 −3.4 −3.3

Egypt................................................. 36.23 37.00 37.86 38.91 39.85 − −2.1 −2.3 −

Morocco ............................................ 27.29 30.87 30.61 33.33 33.00 38.72 −11.6 −4.6 −3.8

South Africa, Rep of ........................ − − 36.92 − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 34.94 − − − − 46.66 −−−3.2

Total3 .................................................. 28.13 30.41 31.44 32.38 34.76 44.20 −7.5 −5.1 −4.9

U.S. Total4.......................................... 28.85 30.94 32.02 32.68 35.12 44.82 −6.8 −4.8 −4.8

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1996.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D3. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

182 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Coal Quality

As of January 1, 1996, recoverable U.S. coal reserves

were estimated at 274 billion short tons (Table 105).

Reserves of low sulfur coal (defined as coal containing from 0 to 0.60 pounds of sulfur per million

Btu) are estimated to represent 37 percent of all

reserves, with medium sulfur coal (containing 0.61 to

1.67 pounds sulfur per million Btu) and high sulfur

coal (containing more than 1.67 pounds sulfur per

million Btu) each accounting for 32 percent of total

reserves.

The average sulfur and ash content of coal delivered

to the Nation's electric utilities during 1997 increased

slightly to 1.11 and 9.36 percent by weight, respectively (Table 106). The average heat content of electric utility coal totaled 10,275 Btu per pound.

By comparison, the average heat content of coal

delivered to manufacturing and coke plants during

1997 remained relatively unchanged at 11,407 Btu per

pound, while the average ash content and average

sulfur content of industrial coal was 7.62 percent and

1.18 percent, respectively.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 183 
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and

Mine Type

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1996)

Sulfur Content

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) State and Type of Mining Total

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50

Alabama .................................................................... − 413 374 2,036 194 − 3,018

Surface .................................................................... − 255 269 1,670 137 − 2,332

Underground ........................................................... − 158 105 366 57 − 686

Alaska, Southern...................................................... 2,453 94 − − − − 2,548

Surface .................................................................... 386 41 − − − − 427

Underground ........................................................... 2,067 53 − − − − 2,120

Alaska, Northern ..................................................... − − − − − − −

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Arizona...................................................................... − 121 − − − − 121

Surface .................................................................... − 69 − − − − 69

Underground ........................................................... − 51 − − − − 51

Arkansas1 ................................................................. − 8 163 44 6 7 228

Surface .................................................................... − 2 73 24 1 1 101

Underground ........................................................... − 7 90 20 5 6 127

Colorado1.................................................................. 3,674 2,316 3,684 326 96 − 10,096

Surface .................................................................... 273 120 3,325 41 14 − 3,772

Underground ........................................................... 3,400 2,196 359 285 82 − 6,323

Georgia...................................................................... 1 1 * * * * 2

Surface .................................................................... * * * * * * 1

Underground ........................................................... * * * * * * 1

Idaho.......................................................................... * 1 1 1 − − 2

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... * 1 1 1 − − 2

Illinois........................................................................ 5 113 350 1,456 1,567 30,477 33,969

Surface .................................................................... − − 1 43 291 9,031 9,366

Underground ........................................................... 5 113 349 1,413 1,276 21,445 24,603

Indiana ...................................................................... − 312 185 674 1,125 2,033 4,329

Surface .................................................................... − 63 27 107 149 307 654

Underground ........................................................... − 248 158 567 976 1,727 3,675

Iowa ........................................................................... − − − − 407 720 1,127

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 320 − 320

Underground ........................................................... − − − − 87 720 807

Kansas....................................................................... − − − − 226 457 683

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 226 457 683

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Kentucky, Eastern ................................................... 175 2,077 1,434 1,769 860 657 6,973

Surface .................................................................... 140 1,657 1,144 1,412 686 525 5,563

Underground ........................................................... 35 420 290 358 174 133 1,410

Kentucky, Western .................................................. − − − 156 2,723 6,406 9,285

Surface .................................................................... − − − 125 926 1,276 2,327

Underground ........................................................... − − − 32 1,798 5,130 6,959

Louisiana................................................................... − − − 349 − − 349

Surface .................................................................... − − − 349 − − 349

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Maryland .................................................................. − 31 58 118 205 − 412

Surface .................................................................... − 3 8 13 32 − 56

Underground ........................................................... − 28 50 105 173 − 356

Michigan ................................................................... − − 8 23 16 11 59

Surface .................................................................... − − 1 2 1 * 3

Underground ........................................................... − − 8 21 16 11 55

Missouri .................................................................... − − − − 170 3,681 3,851

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 150 3,012 3,162

Underground ........................................................... − − − − 20 670 689

Montana .................................................................... 33,577 16,828 16,776 4,815 2,022 1,371 75,389

Surface .................................................................... 18,014 6,995 9,499 2,444 1,610 906 39,466

Underground ........................................................... 15,563 9,833 7,277 2,371 413 466 35,923

New Mexico1 ............................................................ 62 2,638 1,890 3,625 − − 8,215

Surface .................................................................... 37 1,229 1,348 2,587 − − 5,202

Underground ........................................................... 25 1,409 542 1,038 − − 3,013

North Carolina......................................................... − − *221 5

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... − − *221 5

North Dakota............................................................ 436 750 1,375 3,438 857 369 7,224

Surface .................................................................... 436 750 1,375 3,438 857 369 7,224

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Ohio ........................................................................... 82 169 335 1,049 2,636 7,447 11,718

Surface .................................................................... 20 96 168 416 863 2,304 3,867

Underground ........................................................... 62 73 168 634 1,773 5,143 7,852

See footnotes at end of table.

184 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and

Mine Type (Continued)

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1996)

Sulfur Content

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) State and Type of Mining Total

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50

Oklahoma.................................................................. − 220 123 178 114 181 816

Surface .................................................................... − 66 25 34 33 82 240

Underground ........................................................... − 154 98 145 80 100 577

Oregon....................................................................... 4 1 3 − 1 1 9

Surface .................................................................... 1 * 1 − ** 2

Underground ........................................................... 3 1 2 − 1 1 7

Pennsylvania, Anthracite ........................................ 180 468 96 17 2 * 763

Surface .................................................................... 85 263 62 11 1 * 422

Underground ........................................................... 95 205 35 6 1 − 341

Pennsylvania, Bituminous....................................... − 283 807 5,001 4,151 1,517 11,757

Surface .................................................................... − 22 64 307 227 135 756

Underground ........................................................... − 260 742 4,694 3,923 1,381 11,001

South Dakota............................................................ − − 104 1 172 − 277

Surface .................................................................... − − 104 1 172 − 277

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Tennessee .................................................................. − 106 62 224 99 − 491

Surface .................................................................... − 39 23 93 40 − 195

Underground ........................................................... − 67 38 131 59 − 295

Texas .......................................................................... − − 590 5,681 3,409 376 10,057

Surface .................................................................... − − 590 5,681 3,409 376 10,057

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Utah ........................................................................... 378 678 554 864 225 301 3,001

Surface .................................................................... 8 32 19 85 35 34 212

Underground ........................................................... 370 646 535 780 190 267 2,788

Virginia1 ................................................................... 195 632 403 133 − − 1,362

Surface .................................................................... 43 197 161 46 − − 447

Underground ........................................................... 152 435 241 87 − − 915

Washington............................................................... 63 92 86 489 − − 729

Surface .................................................................... − − − 54 − − 54

Underground ........................................................... 63 92 86 434 − − 675

West Virginia ........................................................... 653 6,497 2,736 4,036 2,516 3,211 19,649

Surface .................................................................... 116 1,464 568 447 180 107 2,881

Underground ........................................................... 537 5,034 2,168 3,589 2,337 3,104 16,769

Wyoming................................................................... 6,786 17,586 10,186 7,438 1,168 2,241 45,403

Surface .................................................................... 4,434 8,822 4,134 2,314 527 2,208 22,439

Underground ........................................................... 2,352 8,764 6,052 5,123 641 33 22,964

U.S. Total.................................................................. 48,723 52,434 42,380 43,943 24,968 61,466 273,913

Surface .................................................................... 23,993 22,185 22,987 21,742 10,888 21,130 122,925

Underground ........................................................... 24,730 30,249 19,393 22,201 14,080 40,336 150,988

1 Data include minor amounts of anthracite (all occurring in heat content categories greater than 23.00 million short tons) as follows: Arkansas 52.2,

Colorado 13.4, New Mexico 1.2, and Virginia 70.5, expressed in million short tons.

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Coal Reserves: A Review and Update (DOE/EIA-0529(95)), August, 1996.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 185 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1988, 1993-1997

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change and Quality1

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England

Btu.................................................. 12,756 12,793 12,848 12,897 13,033 13,157 * −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .86 .85 .84 .98 1.11 1.33 0.8 −6.3 −4.8

Ash................................................. 7.79 7.75 7.48 7.49 7.62 7.76 .6 .6 *

Connecticut

Btu.................................................. 13,132 13,100 13,110 13,094 13,144 13,139 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .54 .54 .56 .54 .55 .52 −1.5 −.8 .4

Ash................................................. 7.20 7.14 7.05 7.38 6.95 6.29 .7 .9 1.5

Massachusetts

Btu.................................................. 12,571 12,633 12,698 12,814 12,951 13,109 * −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .72 .71 .71 .91 1.03 1.21 1.6 −8.6 −5.5

Ash................................................. 8.24 8.07 7.83 7.85 8.10 8.24 2.1 .4 *

New Hampshire

Btu.................................................. 13,054 13,146 13,111 13,032 13,179 13,333 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.42 1.56 1.38 1.52 1.62 2.29 −8.9 −3.2 −5.1

Ash................................................. 6.88 7.02 6.74 6.40 6.75 7.10 −2.0 .5 −.3

Middle Atlantic

Btu.................................................. 12,436 12,460 12,474 12,509 12,556 12,403 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.05 2.01 2.03 2.01 1.96 2.02 1.8 1.1 .1

Ash................................................. 12.03 11.80 11.93 11.52 11.29 12.66 2.0 1.6 −.6

New Jersey

Btu.................................................. 13,084 12,993 13,282 13,341 13,397 13,324 1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.24 1.36 1.21 1.29 1.29 1.28 −8.2 −.9 −.3

Ash................................................. 8.54 9.02 7.51 7.44 7.21 7.67 −5.4 4.3 1.2

New York

Btu.................................................. 13,105 13,013 13,051 12,959 12,914 12,814 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.80 1.80 1.79 1.71 1.55 1.72 .2 3.8 .5

Ash................................................. 7.63 7.91 7.90 7.98 8.15 9.62 −3.6 −1.7 −2.5

Pennsylvania

Btu.................................................. 12,279 12,321 12,315 12,368 12,443 12,260 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.13 2.09 2.12 2.11 2.07 2.13 1.9 .7 *

Ash................................................. 13.03 12.72 12.97 12.49 12.11 13.61 2.5 1.8 −.5

East North Central

Btu.................................................. 10,588 10,611 10,676 10,837 10,885 11,127 * −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. 1.35 1.36 1.28 1.55 1.61 1.83 −.5 −4.3 −3.3

Ash................................................. 8.22 8.07 8.00 8.34 8.41 8.96 1.9 −.6 −.9

Illinois

Btu.................................................. 9,781 9,878 9,970 10,181 10,362 10,636 −1 −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. 1.17 1.16 1.14 1.46 1.63 1.90 .9 −7.9 −5.2

Ash................................................. 7.04 6.98 7.01 7.44 7.51 8.46 .8 −1.6 −2.0

Indiana

Btu.................................................. 10,461 10,357 10,338 10,535 10,539 10,834 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.61 1.59 1.57 1.76 1.78 2.28 1.1 −2.4 −3.8

Ash................................................. 7.90 7.76 7.65 8.09 8.23 9.00 1.8 −1.0 −1.4

Michigan

Btu.................................................. 10,566 10,504 10,677 10,925 10,853 11,612 1 −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. .67 .63 .63 .68 .68 .72 6.5 −.1 −.7

Ash................................................. 6.65 6.59 6.66 6.97 6.61 6.95 .8 .1 −.5

Ohio

Btu.................................................. 11,891 12,056 12,122 12,052 12,049 11,895 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.01 2.08 1.89 2.34 2.39 2.47 −3.1 −4.2 −2.2

Ash................................................. 11.53 11.01 10.84 10.91 11.01 11.39 4.7 1.1 .1

Wisconsin

Btu.................................................. 9,375 9,222 9,351 9,565 9,490 9,693 2 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .50 .46 .46 .51 .49 .90 10.2 .5 −6.2

Ash................................................. 5.74 5.74 6.03 6.27 6.11 6.54 −.1 −1.6 −1.4

West North Central

Btu.................................................. 8,394 8,430 8,418 8,480 8,366 8,710 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .51 .53 .54 .68 .63 1.01 −4.3 −5.1 −7.3

Ash................................................. 6.31 6.38 6.41 6.82 6.74 7.55 −1.1 −1.6 −2.0

Iowa

Btu.................................................. 8,662 8,658 8,678 8,783 8,660 9,211 * * −1

Sulfur ............................................. .45 .45 .49 .57 .52 .80 .6 −3.5 −6.3

Ash................................................. 5.53 5.61 5.60 5.59 5.47 5.96 −1.5 .3 −.8

See footnotes at end of table.

186 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1988, 1993-1997 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change and Quality1

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Kansas

Btu.................................................. 8,766 8,827 8,730 8,708 8,654 8,978 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. .48 .49 .43 .49 .43 .69 −2.5 2.9 −3.9

Ash................................................. 5.52 5.52 5.46 5.63 5.19 6.07 .1 1.6 −1.0

Minnesota

Btu.................................................. 8,895 8,914 8,828 8,821 8,844 8,739 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .45 .45 .47 .46 .44 .60 * .8 −3.1

Ash................................................. 6.32 6.32 6.71 6.64 6.40 7.56 * −.3 −2.0

Missouri

Btu.................................................. 8,994 9,063 9,216 9,718 9,860 10,404 −1 −2 −2

Sulfur ............................................. .47 .58 .57 1.03 1.02 2.11 −18.5 −17.6 −15.4

Ash................................................. 5.32 5.62 5.69 6.65 6.54 8.84 −5.3 −5.0 −5.5

Nebraska

Btu.................................................. 8,595 8,599 8,594 8,571 8,561 8,619 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .32 .34 .33 .35 .35 .36 −7.1 −2.8 −1.5

Ash................................................. 4.79 5.11 5.16 5.17 5.11 4.99 −6.2 −1.6 −.5

North Dakota

Btu.................................................. 6,559 6,597 6,585 6,593 6,570 6,584 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. .77 .72 .74 .75 .74 .70 6.5 1.0 1.1

Ash................................................. 9.38 9.32 9.29 9.39 9.47 9.00 .7 −.2 .5

South Dakota

Btu.................................................. 8,687 9,034 6,972 6,049 6,057 6,338 −49 4

Sulfur ............................................. .63 .52 .87 .91 .90 .90 21.5 −8.8 −3.9

Ash................................................. 8.88 6.66 4.96 8.81 8.82 8.02 33.3 .1 1.1

South Atlantic

Btu.................................................. 12,311 12,285 12,324 12,362 12,465 12,478 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.29 1.27 1.27 1.33 1.39 1.51 1.3 −2.0 −1.7

Ash................................................. 10.05 9.75 9.71 9.72 9.81 10.05 3.1 .6 *

Delaware

Btu.................................................. 13,062 13,020 13,085 12,954 13,027 12,901 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .99 1.01 1.00 .92 .94 1.08 −1.4 1.5 −.9

Ash................................................. 8.65 8.72 8.56 9.09 9.08 9.14 −.8 −1.2 −.6

Florida

Btu.................................................. 12,122 12,193 12,296 12,293 12,332 12,424 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.59 1.55 1.47 1.60 1.57 1.75 2.5 .4 −1.0

Ash................................................. 8.40 7.96 8.09 8.19 8.04 8.51 5.6 1.1 −.1

Georgia

Btu.................................................. 11,755 11,581 11,576 11,774 12,148 12,173 2 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .84 .83 .81 1.05 1.37 1.70 .9 −11.7 −7.6

Ash................................................. 9.42 8.84 8.87 8.99 9.94 10.10 6.5 −1.3 −.8

Maryland

Btu.................................................. 12,913 12,879 12,965 12,824 12,752 12,725 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.14 1.11 1.06 1.16 1.31 1.44 2.3 −3.4 −2.6

Ash................................................. 9.42 9.49 9.32 9.91 10.02 10.78 −.7 −1.5 −1.5

North Carolina

Btu.................................................. 12,368 12,422 12,461 12,416 12,465 12,575 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .90 .89 .86 .95 .96 .92 1.0 −1.6 −.3

Ash................................................. 10.50 10.16 10.20 10.27 10.12 10.01 3.4 .9 .5

South Carolina

Btu.................................................. 12,855 12,757 12,852 12,771 12,802 12,675 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.20 1.21 1.19 1.21 1.17 1.17 −1.2 .6 .2

Ash................................................. 8.70 8.90 8.53 8.87 8.92 9.45 −2.2 −.6 −.9

Virginia

Btu.................................................. 12,554 12,597 12,743 12,778 12,817 12,800 * −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.01 .99 1.03 .99 1.00 .91 2.0 .3 1.1

Ash................................................. 11.58 11.02 10.21 9.91 9.60 9.32 5.0 4.8 2.4

West Virginia

Btu.................................................. 12,398 12,378 12,418 12,468 12,489 12,473 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.95 1.93 1.98 1.87 1.94 1.80 1.1 .2 .9

Ash................................................. 11.88 11.78 11.88 11.50 11.61 11.62 .8 .6 .2

East South Central

Btu.................................................. 11,584 11,714 11,808 11,909 11,988 11,912 −1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.83 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.91 2.07 −1.7 −1.1 −1.3

Ash................................................. 10.65 10.60 10.58 10.66 10.92 11.07 .5 −.6 −.4

Alabama

Btu.................................................. 11,584 11,794 11,861 12,088 12,092 12,164 −2 −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. 1.13 1.24 1.20 1.30 1.33 1.49 −8.9 −4.0 −3.1

Ash................................................. 10.49 10.71 10.74 11.54 11.79 11.77 −2.1 −2.9 −1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 187 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1988, 1993-1997 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change and Quality1

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Kentucky

Btu.................................................. 11,571 11,536 11,625 11,683 11,697 11,528 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.50 2.47 2.42 2.34 2.39 2.55 1.1 1.1 −0.3

Ash................................................. 12.46 12.15 11.91 11.35 11.64 12.24 2.5 1.7 .2

Mississippi

Btu.................................................. 10,486 11,023 11,221 11,312 12,338 12,664 −5 −4 −2

Sulfur ............................................. .68 .93 1.04 1.02 1.41 1.40 −26.5 −16.6 −7.7

Ash................................................. 6.13 6.44 7.81 7.88 8.52 7.66 −4.9 −7.9 −2.4

Tennessee

Btu.................................................. 11,855 12,062 12,130 12,186 12,268 12,045 −2 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.90 1.87 1.97 2.00 1.92 2.08 1.7 −.2 −1.0

Ash................................................. 9.17 8.89 8.83 8.94 9.14 9.47 3.2 .1 −.3

West South Central

Btu.................................................. 7,766 7,798 7,733 7,709 7,646 7,717 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .64 .60 .64 .62 .64 .60 5.7 −.2 .7

Ash................................................. 9.35 9.19 9.53 9.50 10.06 10.07 1.7 −1.8 −.8

Arkansas

Btu.................................................. 8,707 8,703 8,687 8,707 8,665 8,664 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .33 .33 .33 .32 .32 .35 −.2 .1 −.7

Ash................................................. 5.12 5.20 5.10 4.92 5.06 5.56 −1.4 .3 −.9

Louisiana

Btu.................................................. 8,102 8,171 8,110 8,136 8,092 8,192 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. .64 .57 .58 .51 .52 .51 11.5 5.2 2.5

Ash................................................. 7.22 7.13 7.42 7.16 7.13 7.36 1.3 .3 −.2

Oklahoma

Btu.................................................. 8,641 8,600 8,557 8,573 8,621 8,912 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .30 .33 .36 .35 .37 .44 −8.4 −5.1 −4.1

Ash................................................. 4.85 4.93 5.20 5.07 5.21 5.38 −1.5 −1.7 −1.1

Texas

Btu.................................................. 7,423 7,440 7,346 7,346 7,284 7,304 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .75 .71 .77 .73 .75 .68 5.2 * 1.1

Ash................................................. 11.09 10.98 11.50 11.31 11.95 11.94 1.0 −1.8 −.8

Mountain

Btu.................................................. 9,723 9,741 9,736 9,755 9,751 9,737 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .56 .55 .54 .55 .54 .54 1.9 1.0 .3

Ash................................................. 11.40 11.37 11.16 11.11 11.19 10.83 .3 .5 .6

Arizona

Btu.................................................. 10,159 10,232 10,274 10,281 10,271 10,650 −1 * −1

Sulfur ............................................. .54 .55 .53 .51 .49 .50 −1.3 2.4 .9

Ash................................................. 12.73 12.41 12.13 11.97 12.08 10.98 2.6 1.3 1.6

Colorado

Btu.................................................. 9,872 9,858 9,895 9,946 9,888 9,772 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .38 .39 .39 .40 .38 .37 −2.7 −.3 .1

Ash................................................. 6.92 6.94 7.16 7.12 6.97 7.00 −.3 −.2 −.1

Montana

Btu.................................................. 8,426 8,439 8,520 8,500 8,496 8,520 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .72 .68 .68 .66 .65 .67 6.1 2.6 .9

Ash................................................. 9.32 9.00 9.15 9.05 8.99 9.44 3.5 .9 −.1

Nevada

Btu.................................................. 11,169 11,140 11,075 11,291 11,012 11,080 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .50 .49 .48 .49 .49 .50 3.1 .8 .1

Ash................................................. 9.80 9.71 9.70 9.57 9.73 9.55 1.0 .2 .3

New Mexico

Btu.................................................. 9,069 9,116 9,033 9,043 8,992 9,036 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. .81 .80 .80 .82 .81 .77 2.1 .1 .7

Ash................................................. 22.71 22.78 22.51 22.44 22.77 21.33 −.3 −.1 .7

Utah

Btu.................................................. 11,330 11,513 11,550 11,491 11,489 11,491 −2* *

Sulfur ............................................. .48 .47 .47 .47 .48 .49 1.7 * −.2

Ash................................................. 10.90 10.90 10.27 10.25 10.47 10.61 * 1.0 .3

Wyoming

Btu.................................................. 8,787 8,716 8,738 8,766 8,779 8,756 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .54 .52 .50 .52 .51 .52 2.3 1.2 .3

Ash................................................. 7.61 8.12 8.06 8.00 7.78 7.78 −6.2 −.5 −.2

See footnotes at end of table.

188 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1988, 1993-1997 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change and Quality1

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Pacific

Btu.................................................. 8,153 8,066 8,380 8,543 8,283 8,219 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .58 .64 .62 .57 .63 .64 −9.2 −2.3 −1.2

Ash................................................. 12.43 13.62 11.79 11.14 12.58 13.49 −8.8 −.3 −.9

Oregon

Btu.................................................. 8,757 8,782 8,882 8,937 8,801 8,528 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .33 .26 .30 .37 .38 .33 27.5 −3.1 .2

Ash................................................. 5.41 4.79 5.52 5.89 4.98 4.73 12.9 2.1 1.5

Washington

Btu.................................................. 8,043 7,936 8,267 8,400 8,125 8,206 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .62 .71 .69 .65 .71 .66 −11.7 −3.3 −.6

Ash................................................. 13.71 15.24 13.20 13.04 14.90 13.86 −10.0 −2.0 −.1

U.S. Total

Btu.................................................. 10,275 10,263 10,248 10,338 10,315 10,451 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.11 1.10 1.08 1.17 1.18 1.32 1.3 −1.4 −1.9

Ash................................................. 9.36 9.22 9.23 9.36 9.55 9.88 1.6 −.5 −.6

1 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); sulfur (percent by weight); and ash (percent by weight).

* Data round to zero.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 189 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1993-1997

Percent Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1996-1997

New England

Btu .............................................................................. 13,326 13,028 13,410 13,383 13,232 2.3

Sulfur .......................................................................... .85 1.03 1.32 .72 1.20 −18.2

Ash ............................................................................. 7.33 7.35 6.99 5.86 6.87 −.3

Maine

Btu .............................................................................. 13,218 12,935 13,392 13,162 13,062 2.2

Sulfur .......................................................................... .87 1.08 1.39 .71 1.29 −19.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.34 7.31 6.93 5.30 7.18 .4

Massachusetts

Btu .............................................................................. 13,746 13,697 13,556 13,939 13,992 .4

Sulfur .......................................................................... .76 .74 .75 .73 .78 2.5

Ash ............................................................................. 7.29 7.65 7.55 7.26 5.48 −4.7

Middle Atlantic

Btu .............................................................................. 12,797 12,780 12,559 12,549 12,367 .1

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.18 1.20 1.15 1.14 1.06 −1.9

Ash ............................................................................. 6.92 7.12 7.11 6.95 7.37 −2.8

New Jersey

Btu .............................................................................. 12,497 12,474 12,575 12,515 11,685 .2

Sulfur .......................................................................... .64 1.36 .96 .93 .83 −53.0

Ash ............................................................................. 11.56 10.98 11.34 12.40 10.71 5.3

New York2

Btu .............................................................................. 13,262 13,168 13,122 13,203 13,044 .7

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.36 1.41 1.29 1.34 1.69 −3.9

Ash ............................................................................. 7.05 6.84 7.20 6.69 7.73 3.1

Pennsylvania2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,640 12,658 12,366 12,326 12,117 −.1

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.15 1.16 1.12 1.10 .99 −1.3

Ash ............................................................................. 6.89 7.17 7.09 7.00 7.30 −3.8

East North Central

Btu .............................................................................. 12,013 11,990 12,022 11,947 11,956 .2

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.57 1.52 1.46 1.52 2.40 3.2

Ash ............................................................................. 7.52 7.34 7.59 7.61 6.98 2.4

Illinois2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,351 11,332 11,290 11,387 11,372 .2

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.95 1.89 1.82 1.94 4.83 2.7

Ash ............................................................................. 7.45 7.41 7.49 7.66 7.03 .6

Indiana2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,867 11,826 11,894 11,641 11,591 .3

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.35 1.32 1.20 1.45 1.28 2.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.07 7.02 7.38 7.50 6.77 .7

Michigan2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,506 12,440 12,386 12,470 12,547 .5

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.04 .96 .96 1.02 1.05 8.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.45 6.80 7.60 7.82 6.98 9.7

Ohio2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,348 12,415 12,424 12,429 12,476 −.5

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.90 1.82 1.69 1.60 1.40 3.9

Ash ............................................................................. 8.52 8.27 7.79 7.66 7.10 2.9

Wisconsin

Btu .............................................................................. 12,453 12,330 12,450 11,873 11,745 1.0

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.68 2.05 2.14 1.52 1.83 −18.2

Ash ............................................................................. 7.45 7.72 8.40 7.30 7.25 −3.5

West North Central

Btu .............................................................................. 8,716 8,702 8,669 8,710 8,589 .1

Sulfur .......................................................................... .87 .87 .89 .88 .90 −.3

Ash ............................................................................. 6.44 6.40 6.54 6.56 6.46 .6

Iowa

Btu .............................................................................. 10,261 10,373 10,332 10,480 10,344 −1.1

Sulfur .......................................................................... .95 1.04 .96 .98 1.13 −8.8

Ash ............................................................................. 6.25 6.40 6.44 6.38 6.41 −2.3

Kansas

Btu .............................................................................. 12,287 12,243 12,197 12,249 12,479 .4

Sulfur .......................................................................... 3.12 3.07 3.41 3.11 3.14 1.7

Ash ............................................................................. 10.75 10.36 11.48 11.04 11.78 3.8

See footnotes at end of table.

190 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1996-1997

Minnesota

Btu .............................................................................. 9,910 10,051 10,280 10,112 10,003 −1.4

Sulfur .......................................................................... .46 .61 .56 .54 .51 −25.2

Ash ............................................................................. 5.24 5.08 4.95 5.15 4.56 3.1

Missouri2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,470 11,541 11,644 11,510 11,527 −.6

Sulfur .......................................................................... 2.23 2.02 1.91 1.92 2.01 10.3

Ash ............................................................................. 8.39 8.31 9.92 10.10 10.11 .9

Nebraska

Btu .............................................................................. 10,201 10,622 10,096 9,931 9,979 −4.0

Sulfur .......................................................................... .32 .36 .42 .40 .37 −11.8

Ash ............................................................................. 8.12 8.92 5.73 5.95 5.20 −8.9

North Dakota

Btu .............................................................................. 7,135 7,136 7,171 7,142 7,172 *

Sulfur .......................................................................... .62 .61 .71 .71 .70 1.1

Ash ............................................................................. 6.10 5.97 6.08 6.14 6.16 2.2

South Dakota

Btu .............................................................................. 9,786 9,849 9,504 9,418 8,159 −.6

Sulfur .......................................................................... .81 .83 .86 .77 .39 −3.0

Ash ............................................................................. 7.38 7.55 7.72 7.15 5.42 −2.2

South Atlantic

Btu .............................................................................. 12,988 12,972 12,992 13,043 12,973 .1

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.10 1.09 1.10 1.15 1.12 1.8

Ash ............................................................................. 8.39 8.11 8.07 7.96 7.62 3.5

Delaware

Btu .............................................................................. 13,450 13,381 13,483 13,300 13,087 .5

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.73 1.75 1.87 1.89 2.00 −1.4

Ash ............................................................................. 7.01 7.01 7.01 7.73 9.26 −.1

Florida

Btu .............................................................................. 12,834 12,903 12,865 12,933 12,742 −.5

Sulfur .......................................................................... .91 .87 .91 .93 .97 4.2

Ash ............................................................................. 8.38 8.07 8.14 8.93 9.46 3.8

Georgia

Btu .............................................................................. 12,756 12,873 12,895 13,267 12,870 −.9

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.11 1.11 1.23 1.29 1.30 −.2

Ash ............................................................................. 8.80 8.79 8.78 8.90 7.73 .2

Maryland2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,653 12,411 12,598 12,330 12,422 1.9

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.96 1.92 1.92 1.89 1.93 2.2

Ash ............................................................................. 14.06 14.19 14.52 10.90 13.32 −.9

North Carolina

Btu .............................................................................. 13,234 13,243 13,250 13,188 13,321 −.1

Sulfur .......................................................................... .98 .93 .97 .91 .92 5.6

Ash ............................................................................. 7.53 7.10 6.99 7.20 6.89 6.1

South Carolina

Btu .............................................................................. 13,179 13,076 13,051 12,994 12,955 .8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.00 1.02 1.08 1.12 1.22 −1.6

Ash ............................................................................. 8.24 8.09 8.24 7.95 8.67 1.9

Virginia2

Btu .............................................................................. 13,081 12,982 13,067 13,215 13,193 .8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.05 1.04 1.05 1.05 .99 1.3

Ash ............................................................................. 8.06 7.97 7.75 7.44 7.20 1.1

West Virginia2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,782 12,809 12,765 12,780 12,721 −.2

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.18 1.14 1.06 1.24 1.06 3.4

Ash ............................................................................. 7.78 7.24 7.28 7.54 6.32 7.4

East South Central

Btu .............................................................................. 12,750 12,916 12,941 12,869 12,838 −1.3

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.04 1.06 1.09 1.09 .74 −1.6

Ash ............................................................................. 7.54 7.20 7.32 7.51 4.54 4.8

Alabama2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,539 12,632 12,612 12,694 12,628 −.7

Sulfur .......................................................................... .99 .98 .94 .98 .71 1.0

Ash ............................................................................. 7.32 6.90 7.07 7.27 4.25 6.1

Kentucky2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,831 13,072 13,086 13,150 12,686 −1.8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.05 1.05 1.03 .99 .90 −.8

Ash ............................................................................. 6.93 6.59 6.61 6.59 6.04 5.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 191 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1996-1997

Mississippi

Btu .............................................................................. 11,977 11,911 11,897 11,786 12,013 0.6

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.55 1.41 1.41 1.44 2.52 10.2

Ash ............................................................................. 9.60 9.73 10.66 9.98 10.33 −1.3

Tennessee2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,910 13,103 13,160 12,958 13,059 −1.5

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.07 1.14 1.35 1.32 1.08 −6.6

Ash ............................................................................. 8.01 7.94 8.04 8.47 8.38 .8

West South Central

Btu .............................................................................. 9,155 9,176 9,116 8,925 9,143 −.2

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.07 1.06 1.00 1.00 1.05 .8

Ash ............................................................................. 11.39 11.36 10.78 11.18 11.55 .2

Arkansas

Btu .............................................................................. 12,369 12,474 12,573 12,646 12,850 −.8

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.98 2.03 2.02 2.10 1.97 −2.9

Ash ............................................................................. 10.25 10.27 9.96 10.11 9.78 −.2

Louisiana

Btu .............................................................................. 12,395 12,627 9,292 9,051 9,255 −1.8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.33 1.27 .39 .35 .39 5.0

Ash ............................................................................. 10.25 10.23 5.29 5.09 5.83 .2

Oklahoma

Btu .............................................................................. 9,974 9,835 9,995 10,118 11,263 1.4

Sulfur.......................................................................... .93 .89 .72 .73 .89 4.3

Ash ............................................................................. 6.18 5.97 5.60 6.18 6.86 3.5

Texas2

Btu .............................................................................. 8,789 8,757 8,690 8,447 8,585 .4

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.09 1.2

Ash ............................................................................. 12.15 12.37 12.20 12.72 12.98 −1.7

Mountain

Btu .............................................................................. 10,851 10,699 10,698 10,601 10,443 1.4

Sulfur.......................................................................... .72 .67 .71 .68 .56 6.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.09 7.79 7.28 7.05 6.75 −9.0

Arizona

Btu .............................................................................. 12,250 10,603 10,969 11,072 10,690 15.5

Sulfur.......................................................................... .76 .53 .54 .48 .46 44.2

Ash ............................................................................. 10.48 13.15 12.23 11.09 11.17 −20.3

Colorado

Btu .............................................................................. 11,293 11,308 11,262 10,785 10,564 −.1

Sulfur.......................................................................... .55 .54 .61 .58 .54 3.0

Ash ............................................................................. 8.03 7.79 7.24 7.00 6.52 3.1

Idaho

Btu .............................................................................. 10,131 10,148 10,232 9,988 10,089 −.2

Sulfur.......................................................................... .72 .72 .78 .79 .71 .1

Ash ............................................................................. 6.46 6.40 6.22 5.72 6.03 1.0

Montana

Btu .............................................................................. 8,689 8,695 8,368 8,496 8,065 −.1

Sulfur.......................................................................... .44 .44 .59 .57 .46 −.4

Ash ............................................................................. 5.27 5.31 7.93 7.65 9.31 −.8

Nevada

Btu .............................................................................. 11,576 11,533 11,698 11,907 12,042 .4

Sulfur.......................................................................... .50 .51 .48 .26 .28 −1.4

Ash ............................................................................. 8.76 8.80 7.13 4.01 4.63 −.4

New Mexico

Btu .............................................................................. 12,507 12,302 12,518 12,688 12,776 1.7

Sulfur.......................................................................... .74 .82 .79 .94 .74 −9.8

Ash ............................................................................. 10.36 11.67 10.26 9.87 9.95 −11.2

Utah2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,552 11,589 11,671 11,679 11,530 −.3

Sulfur.......................................................................... .79 .82 .84 .82 .44 −3.1

Ash ............................................................................. 8.10 8.01 8.08 7.68 7.12 1.1

Wyoming

Btu .............................................................................. 10,119 10,365 10,170 10,098 10,074 −2.4

Sulfur.......................................................................... .73 .70 .71 .70 .72 4.0

Ash ............................................................................. 4.66 4.68 4.84 5.27 5.12 −.4

See footnotes at end of table.

192 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1993-1997 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Change and Quality1

1996-1997

Pacific

Btu .............................................................................. 11,513 11,677 11,551 11,749 12,218 −1.4

Sulfur.......................................................................... .57 .56 .53 .52 .49 1.9

Ash ............................................................................. 8.96 9.15 9.17 8.98 8.65 −2.1

California

Btu .............................................................................. 11,759 11,899 11,912 11,950 12,441 −1.2

Sulfur.......................................................................... .57 .55 .52 .52 .49 3.4

Ash ............................................................................. 8.72 8.72 8.62 8.93 8.35 −.1

Hawaii

Btu .............................................................................. 8,704 9,157 9,275 9,576 9,776 −4.9

Sulfur.......................................................................... .52 .53 .53 .51 .52 −1.6

Ash ............................................................................. 13.22 14.99 15.37 16.72 15.96 −11.8

Oregon

Btu .............................................................................. 10,989 11,159 10,188 10,704 10,216 −1.5

Sulfur.......................................................................... .65 .65 .54 .53 .51 .3

Ash ............................................................................. 6.96 7.03 5.98 6.48 5.94 −1.0

Washington

Btu .............................................................................. 11,818 11,622 11,846 11,818 12,151 1.7

Sulfur.......................................................................... .58 .65 .57 .58 .56 −10.4

Ash ............................................................................. 8.70 10.00 9.62 5.63 9.47 −13.0

U.S. Total

Btu .............................................................................. 11,407 11,405 11,367 11,316 11,303 *

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.18 1.17 1.15 1.16 1.23 1.1

Ash ............................................................................. 7.62 7.58 7.61 7.63 6.34 .5

1 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); sulfur (percent by weight); and ash (percent by weight).

2 Includes sulfur and ash data for coke plants.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Btu data are for manufacturing plants only. The national average of coke plant data ranges from .51 to 1.70 for sulfur and 2.6 to

10.1 for ash.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 193 
Appendix A Major Coal Producing

States

Table A1. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 374,421 451,760 510,406 457,144 426,635 510,585 −17.1 −3.2 −3.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 29,081 32,159 32,546 33,049 27,916 30,373 −9.6 1.0 −.5

Production Total ............................... 24,468 24,637 24,640 23,266 24,768 26,518 −.7 −.3 −.9

Underground .................................. 18,505 18,217 17,605 14,471 15,557 14,833 1.6 4.4 2.5

Surface ........................................... 5,963 6,420 7,036 8,795 9,211 11,685 −7.1 −10.3 −7.2

Capacity Utilization2........................ 84.05 76.57 75.52 70.19 88.46 87.03 9.8 −1.3 −.4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 15.3 18.3 20.7 19.6 17.2 19.3 −16.5 −2.9 −2.5

Number of Miners ............................ 4,928 5,031 5,567 5,418 5,399 6,858 −2.0 −2.3 −3.6

Productivity Total2........................... 2.39 2.20 2.24 2.25 2.35 2.03 8.4 .3 1.8

Underground .................................. 2.21 1.95 2.02 1.94 2.09 1.76 13.3 1.4 2.5

Surface ........................................... 3.21 3.50 3.07 3.07 3.01 2.52 −8.5 1.6 2.7

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,289 1,031 1,358 1,204 1,698 − 25.0 −6.7 −

Imports3 ............................................ 214 161 162 178 88 − 33.3 24.9 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 23,921 24,636 25,159 23,750 25,556 NA −2.9 −1.6 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 18,108 19,772 19,127 19,220 19,668 NA −8.4 −2.0 NA

Within State ................................ 17,489 18,503 18,024 18,351 18,716 NA −5.5 −1.7 NA

To Other States ........................... 619 1,269 1,103 870 952 NA −51.2 −10.2 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 5,813 4,864 6,032 4,529 5,888 NA 19.5 −.3 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 5,699 4,523 5,330 4,359 5,846 NA 26.0 −.6 NA

Steam..................................... 114 341 702 170 43 NA −66.6 27.7 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 5,813 4,864 6,032 4,529 5,888 NA 19.5 −.3 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 5,699 4,523 5,330 4,359 5,846 NA 26.0 −.6 NA

Steam..................................... 114 341 702 170 43 NA −66.6 27.7 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 36,433 37,052 34,309 31,473 33,047 26,365 −1.7 2.5 3.6

Electric Utility ............................... 30,840 31,216 28,759 25,817 27,533 20,002 −1.2 2.9 4.9

Industrial ........................................ 2,565 2,545 2,286 2,394 2,268 2,843 .8 3.1 −1.1

Coke ............................................... 2,956 3,247 3,257 3,253 3,206 3,383 −9.0 −2.0 −1.5

Residential/Commercial ................. 73 44 7 11 40 137 65.3 16.1 −6.8

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 2,971 2,858 3,648 4,132 2,797 4,898 3.9 1.5 −5.4

Electric Utility ............................... 2,609 2,526 3,282 3,652 2,331 4,462 3.3 2.8 −5.8

All Other........................................ 362 332 366 480 466 436 9.0 −6.1 −2.0

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $38.48 $39.48 $38.44 $40.12 $42.34 $41.22 −2.5 −2.4 −.8

Underground .................................. 39.54 40.75 39.26 39.92 42.00 39.89 −3.0 −1.5 −.1

Surface ........................................... 35.15 35.87 36.38 40.45 42.91 42.91 −2.0 −4.9 −2.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 35.58 36.39 37.00 40.42 42.56 47.37 −2.2 −4.4 −3.1

Industrial ........................................ 40.20 40.15 39.53 38.74 39.01 39.36 .1 .8 .2

Coke ............................................... 50.04 49.37 48.42 47.45 47.50 45.53 1.3 1.3 1.0

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1993 through 1997 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1988 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 195 
Table A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... w w w w w w w w w

Productive Capacity1........................ w w w w w w w w w

Production Total ............................... 11,723 10,442 11,947 13,056 12,173 12,398 12.3 −0.9 −0.6

Surface ........................................... 11,723 10,442 11,947 13,056 12,173 12,398 12.3 −.9 −.6

Capacity Utilization2........................ w w w w w w w w w

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... w w w w w w w w w

Number of Miners ............................ 676 651 831 864 876 984 3.8 −6.3 −4.1

Productivity Total2........................... 6.79 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.45 7.7 2.3 .6

Surface ........................................... 6.79 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.21 6.45 7.7 2.3 .6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,911 2,232 2,760 2,634 1,590 − 30.4 16.3 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 NA .7 −2.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 12,138 NA .7 −2.3 NA

Within State ................................ 6,646 6,499 6,956 7,580 7,566 NA 2.3 −3.2 NA

To Other States ........................... 4,398 4,470 4,827 4,431 4,572 NA −1.6 −1.0 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 18,205 16,792 16,682 19,580 18,991 14,525 8.4 −1.0 2.5

Electric Utility ............................... 17,503 16,117 16,021 18,853 18,316 13,932 8.6 −1.1 2.6

Industrial ........................................ 702 675 657 727 674 w 4.0 1.0 w

Residential/Commercial ................. * * 5 * 1 w 6.5 −32.6 w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 1,414 2,024 3,032 3,242 3,717 w −30.1 −21.5 w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,386 1,992 2,998 3,197 3,687 4,187 −30.4 −21.7 −11.6

All Other........................................ 28 32 34 45 30 w −12.6 −1.6 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $28.95 $29.55 $28.65 $28.26 $27.78 $29.92 −2.0 1.0 −.4

Industrial ........................................ 38.81 39.27 40.46 41.35 40.51 w −1.2 −1.1 w

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

196 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 567,538 641,615 692,030 676,272 608,815 652,143 −11.5 −1.7 −1.5

Productive Capacity1........................ 35,466 29,330 32,435 31,075 30,040 20,989 20.9 4.2 6.0

Production Total ............................... 27,449 24,886 25,710 25,304 21,886 15,913 10.3 5.8 6.2

Underground .................................. 17,820 15,581 17,187 16,332 12,843 6,870 14.4 8.5 11.2

Surface ........................................... 9,628 9,305 8,523 8,972 9,043 9,042 3.5 1.6 .7

Capacity Utilization2........................ 77.39 84.85 79.27 81.41 72.84 75.74 −8.8 1.5 .2

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 20.7 25.8 26.9 26.7 27.8 41.0 −19.8 −7.1 −7.3

Number of Miners ............................ 1,362 1,332 1,777 1,905 1,775 2,103 2.3 −6.4 −4.7

Productivity Total2........................... 7.68 7.32 6.14 6.20 5.85 3.94 4.9 7.1 7.7

Underground .................................. 7.44 6.67 5.86 5.81 5.21 2.59 11.6 9.3 12.4

Surface ........................................... 8.17 8.76 6.79 7.06 7.07 6.51 −6.7 3.7 2.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,364 494 1,063 1,575 1,155 − 176.0 4.2 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 26,956 25,405 25,635 24,810 21,465 NA 6.1 5.9 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 25,445 23,990 24,734 24,059 20,338 NA 6.1 5.8 NA

Within State ................................ 12,307 10,704 11,820 12,035 11,181 NA 15.0 2.4 NA

To Other States ........................... 13,138 13,286 12,915 12,024 9,157 NA −1.1 9.4 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 1,512 1,415 900 752 1,128 NA 6.8 7.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 30 − −− NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... 1,512 1,385 900 752 1,128 NA 9.1 7.6 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 1,512 1,415 900 752 1,128 NA 6.8 7.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 30 − −− NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... 1,512 1,385 900 752 1,128 NA 9.1 7.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 17,960 17,222 16,971 17,475 17,070 15,860 4.3 1.3 1.4

Electric Utility ............................... 17,116 16,841 16,222 16,596 16,252 15,087 1.6 1.3 1.4

Industrial ........................................ 780 367 729 857 780 679 112.4 * 1.6

Residential/Commercial................. 65 13 20 23 38 w 384.6 14.4 w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 2,476 3,054 3,682 3,145 3,454 w −18.9 −8.0 w

Electric Utility ............................... 2,458 3,027 3,622 3,118 3,428 3,763 −18.8 −8.0 −4.6

All Other........................................ 18 27 59 26 25 w −33.8 −8.0 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $18.46 $17.94 $19.26 $19.76 $20.35 $23.09 2.9 −2.4 −2.4

Underground .................................. 18.50 17.73 18.58 19.05 20.53 26.39 4.3 −2.6 −3.9

Surface ........................................... 18.40 18.28 20.63 21.05 20.10 20.59 .7 −2.2 −1.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 19.93 20.24 20.73 21.01 21.59 20.84 −1.5 −2.0 −.5

Industrial ........................................ 25.13 23.17 26.11 28.96 28.63 28.88 8.5 −3.2 −1.5

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 197 
Table A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 744,512 891,109 882,323 963,470 1,063,832 1,350,499 −16.4 −8.5 −6.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 51,523 61,727 56,627 69,414 69,320 71,529 −16.5 −7.1 −3.6

Production Total ............................... 41,159 46,656 48,180 52,797 41,098 58,594 −11.8 * −3.8

Underground .................................. 34,824 38,948 41,118 43,281 33,096 38,522 −10.6 1.3 −1.1

Surface ........................................... 6,334 7,707 7,062 9,516 8,002 20,072 −17.8 −5.7 −12.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 79.87 75.58 85.08 76.06 59.28 81.91 5.7 7.7 −.3

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 18.1 19.1 18.3 18.3 25.9 23.0 −5.3 −8.6 −2.6

Number of Miners ............................ 4,612 5,174 5,652 6,591 7,303 10,022 −10.9 −10.8 −8.3

Productivity Total2........................... 4.20 4.18 3.87 3.59 3.23 2.67 .3 6.8 5.1

Underground .................................. 4.07 4.10 3.86 3.49 3.11 2.43 −.8 6.9 5.9

Surface ........................................... 5.11 4.67 3.89 4.12 3.86 3.32 9.3 7.2 4.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,358 1,190 2,069 1,651 713 − 14.1 17.5 −

Imports3 ............................................ 148 216 223 346 51 − −31.5 30.5 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 41,220 47,076 47,869 51,973 42,000 NA −12.4 −.5 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 40,447 45,190 45,170 51,737 41,330 NA −10.5 −.5 NA

Within State ................................ 18,085 16,052 15,587 17,517 15,206 NA 12.7 4.4 NA

To Other States ........................... 22,362 29,137 29,582 34,220 26,124 NA −23.3 −3.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 773 1,886 2,699 236 670 NA −59.0 3.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − − 49 236 109 NA − −100.0 NA

Steam..................................... 773 1,886 2,650 − 561 NA −59.0 8.4 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 773 1,886 2,699 236 670 NA −59.0 3.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − − 49 236 109 NA − − NA

Steam..................................... 773 1,886 2,650 − 561 NA −59.0 8.4 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 47,621 44,431 39,623 39,077 38,135 33,912 7.2 5.7 3.8

Electric Utility ............................... 41,017 38,090 33,463 32,599 31,744 26,681 7.7 6.6 4.9

Industrial ........................................ 3,863 3,740 3,653 4,187 3,970 4,364 3.3 −.7 −1.3

Coke ............................................... w w w w w 2,610 w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w 256 w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w 9,959 w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 4,828 4,578 5,331 4,526 4,019 9,179 5.4 4.7 −6.9

All Other........................................ w w w w w 780 w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $21.44 $22.74 $23.05 $23.14 $25.27 $28.55 −5.7 −4.0 −3.1

Underground .................................. 22.22 23.12 22.88 23.18 25.54 29.62 −3.9 −3.4 −3.1

Surface ........................................... 17.12 20.86 24.04 22.92 24.18 26.50 −17.9 −8.3 −4.7

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 30.41 32.14 32.58 32.69 35.30 40.53 −5.4 −3.7 −3.1

Industrial ........................................ 29.76 29.69 29.03 29.13 29.42 31.18 .2 .3 −.5

Coke ............................................... w w w w w 44.24 w w w

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1993 through 1997 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1988 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

198 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 393,357 386,063 323,667 304,225 379,294 455,303 1.9 0.9 −1.6

Productive Capacity1........................ 36,999 35,564 35,256 38,931 43,955 41,800 4.0 −4.2 −1.3

Production Total ............................... 35,497 29,670 26,007 30,927 29,295 31,271 19.6 4.9 1.4

Underground .................................. 3,530 2,963 3,540 3,324 2,583 2,409 19.1 8.1 4.3

Surface ........................................... 31,967 26,707 22,467 27,603 26,713 28,862 19.7 4.6 1.1

Capacity Utilization2........................ 95.94 83.42 73.70 79.37 66.60 74.71 15.0 9.5 2.8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 11.1 13.0 12.4 9.8 12.9 14.6 −14.8 −3.8 −3.0

Number of Miners ............................ 2,712 2,579 2,571 3,206 3,331 4,108 5.1 −5.0 −4.5

Productivity Total2........................... 5.33 4.98 4.68 4.28 4.46 3.52 7.0 4.6 4.7

Underground .................................. 3.74 3.09 3.22 2.82 2.49 2.28 21.2 10.7 5.7

Surface ........................................... 5.59 5.34 5.04 4.56 4.82 3.68 4.6 3.8 4.7

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 698 574 611 803 527 − 21.6 7.3 −

Imports3 ............................................ 474 735 761 593 594 − −35.5 −5.4 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 34,810 29,674 25,695 30,684 29,664 NA 17.3 4.1 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 34,805 29,664 25,625 30,477 29,475 NA 17.3 4.2 NA

Within State ................................ 29,916 24,309 21,185 24,733 23,913 NA 23.1 5.8 NA

To Other States ........................... 4,889 5,354 4,439 5,744 5,562 NA −8.7 −3.2 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 5 11 70 206 188 NA −56.0 −60.3 NA

Steam..................................... 5 11 70 206 188 NA −56.0 −60.3 NA

Canada Total ............................... − − * − − NA − − NA

Steam ..................................... − − * − − NA − − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 5 11 69 206 188 NA −56.0 −60.3 NA

Steam..................................... 5 11 69 206 188 NA −56.0 −60.3 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 66,042 64,021 62,631 59,996 60,353 55,830 3.1 2.3 1.9

Electric Utility ............................... 54,845 52,855 52,089 50,554 48,836 40,060 3.8 2.9 3.5

Industrial ........................................ 5,086 4,987 4,373 4,244 4,587 4,784 2.0 2.6 .7

Coke ............................................... 5,715 5,823 5,883 4,841 6,591 10,355 −1.8 −3.5 −6.4

Residential/Commercial................. 395 356 287 356 339 631 11.0 3.9 −5.1

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 6,643 7,955 9,298 11,707 7,798 11,488 −16.5 −3.9 −5.9

Electric Utility ............................... 5,822 7,103 8,435 10,449 6,935 9,997 −18.0 −4.3 −5.8

All Other........................................ 821 853 863 1,258 863 1,492 −3.7 −1.2 −6.4

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $19.62 $20.24 $21.71 $22.28 $22.89 $24.29 −3.1 −3.8 −2.3

Underground .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $24.35 $24.67 $25.94 $26.79 $26.73 $31.03 −1.3 −2.3 −2.6

Industrial ........................................ 29.75 31.76 33.14 31.35 30.91 33.19 −6.3 −.9 −1.2

Coke ............................................... 50.75 51.93 52.74 50.90 52.29 54.26 −2.3 −.7 −.7

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1993 through 1997 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1988 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 199 
Table A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,330,702 1,255,351 1,279,011 1,365,188 1,828,072 1,729,001 6.0 −7.6 −2.9

Productive Capacity1........................ 195,453 189,225 203,173 213,427 204,805 170,725 3.3 −1.2 1.5

Production Total ............................... 155,853 152,425 153,739 161,642 156,299 157,852 2.2 −.1 −.1

Underground .................................. 96,302 94,306 94,207 95,414 92,207 94,720 2.1 1.1 .2

Surface ........................................... 59,551 58,119 59,532 66,227 64,092 63,131 2.5 −1.8 −.6

Capacity Utilization2........................ 79.62 80.38 75.49 75.54 76.11 91.76 −.9 1.1 −1.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 8.5 8.2 8.3 8.4 11.7 10.9 3.7 −7.6 −2.7

Number of Miners ............................ 18,937 18,826 21,125 23,368 24,063 30,559 .6 −5.8 −5.2

Productivity Total2........................... 3.94 3.80 3.57 3.25 3.25 2.74 3.6 5.0 4.1

Underground .................................. 3.64 3.53 3.25 2.89 2.93 2.53 3.0 5.5 4.1

Surface ........................................... 4.57 4.35 4.23 3.96 3.84 3.14 4.8 4.4 4.3

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 5,376 4,460 4,777 5,025 3,216 − 20.5 13.7 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 152,741 152,891 151,466 159,130 160,395 NA −.1 −1.2 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 145,521 143,748 141,771 151,963 150,874 NA 1.2 −.9 NA

Within State ................................ 22,808 25,700 27,140 26,719 28,136 NA −11.3 −5.1 NA

To Other States ........................... 122,713 118,047 114,631 125,244 122,738 NA 3.9 * NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 7,220 9,143 9,695 7,167 9,521 NA −21.0 −6.7 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 4,762 5,303 3,640 3,120 4,415 NA −10.2 1.9 NA

Steam..................................... 2,458 3,841 6,055 4,047 5,106 NA −36.0 −16.7 NA

Canada Total ............................... 739 1,178 777 1,099 1,416 NA −37.3 −15.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 739 1,178 777 1,073 1,356 NA −37.3 −14.1 NA

Steam..................................... − − − 26 60 NA − − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 6,481 7,966 8,918 6,067 8,106 NA −18.6 −5.4 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 4,023 4,125 2,863 2,047 3,059 NA −2.5 7.1 NA

Steam..................................... 2,458 3,841 6,055 4,021 5,047 NA −36.0 −16.5 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 42,228 40,863 39,516 38,090 39,095 35,176 3.3 1.9 2.0

Electric Utility ............................... 38,281 37,072 35,707 34,564 35,264 31,818 3.3 2.1 2.1

Industrial ........................................ 2,251 2,322 2,250 1,994 2,392 1,702 −3.1 −1.5 3.1

Coke ............................................... w w w w w 1,306 w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w 350 w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w 4,314 w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 4,475 4,119 4,472 4,466 3,990 4,124 8.6 2.9 .9

All Other........................................ w w w w w 191 w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $23.72 $23.91 $24.79 $24.88 $24.77 $26.20 −.8 −1.1 −1.1

Underground .................................. 24.73 24.66 25.18 26.14 25.07 26.94 .3 −.3 −.9

Surface ........................................... 22.08 22.68 24.19 23.07 24.35 25.09 −2.6 −2.4 −1.4

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 24.20 24.43 25.71 27.16 27.29 27.61 −.9 −2.9 −1.4

Industrial ........................................ 44.71 44.02 44.09 43.22 42.30 43.83 1.6 1.4 .2

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

200 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,167,892 1,308,793 1,250,866 1,282,525 1,284,806 1,572,899 −10.8 −2.3 −3.3

Productive Capacity1........................ 56,140 56,175 51,597 51,104 50,849 50,259 −.1 2.5 1.2

Production Total ............................... 41,005 37,891 39,451 41,640 35,917 38,881 8.2 3.4 .6

Underground .................................. 8 147 10 3 10 − −94.8 −7.4 −

Surface ........................................... 40,997 37,744 39,441 41,636 35,907 38,881 8.6 3.4 .6

Capacity Utilization2........................ 73.03 67.45 76.44 81.47 70.64 77.36 8.3 .8 −.6

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 28.5 34.5 31.7 30.8 35.8 40.4 −17.5 −5.5 −3.8

Number of Miners ............................ 708 705 722 705 660 872 .4 1.8 −2.3

Productivity Total2........................... 23.56 21.88 21.06 21.92 19.49 19.56 7.6 4.8 2.1

Underground .................................. − 3.50 − − 1.06 − −100.0 − −

Surface ........................................... 23.56 22.34 21.06 21.92 19.59 19.56 5.4 4.7 2.1

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 682 580 718 635 876 − 17.6 −6.0 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 40,942 38,288 39,620 41,916 35,916 NA 6.9 3.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 40,363 37,770 39,362 41,672 35,795 NA 6.9 3.0 NA

Within State ................................ 9,019 7,844 9,477 10,581 9,115 NA 15.0 −.3 NA

To Other States ........................... 31,345 29,926 29,885 31,092 26,680 NA 4.7 4.1 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 579 518 259 243 121 NA 11.8 47.9 NA

Steam..................................... 579 518 259 243 121 NA 11.8 47.9 NA

Canada Total ............................... 438 316 259 90 54 NA 38.8 68.8 NA

Steam..................................... 438 316 259 90 54 NA 38.8 68.8 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 141 202 − 153 67 NA −30.4 20.3 NA

Steam ..................................... 141 202 − 153 67 NA −30.4 20.3 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 9,517 8,032 10,005 11,089 9,247 10,634 18.5 .7 −1.2

Electric Utility ............................... 9,286 7,897 9,373 10,513 8,869 10,410 17.6 1.1 −1.3

Industrial ........................................ 149 130 621 572 367 215 13.9 −20.2 −4.0

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 410 508 511 517 721 913 −19.4 −13.2 −8.5

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $9.84 $9.96 $9.62 $10.39 $11.05 $10.06 −1.2 −2.8 −.2

Underground .................................. − w − − w − w − −

Surface ........................................... 9.84 w 9.62 10.39 w 10.06 w −2.8 −.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 11.52 $11.90 11.47 11.79 $11.78 9.29 −3.2 −.6 2.4

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 201 
Table A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,415,028 1,436,359 1,479,956 1,457,523 1,472,927 1,590,227 −1.5 −1.0 −1.3

Productive Capacity1........................ 31,604 32,695 32,760 32,807 33,360 32,782 −3.3 −1.3 −.4

Production Total ............................... 27,025 24,067 26,813 28,041 28,268 21,803 12.3 −1.1 2.4

Underground .................................. − − 640 950 719 224 − − −

Surface ........................................... 27,025 24,067 26,173 27,091 27,549 21,579 12.3 −.5 2.5

Capacity Utilization2........................ 85.51 73.61 81.85 85.47 84.74 66.51 16.2 .2 2.8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 52.4 59.7 55.2 52.0 52.1 72.9 −12.3 .1 −3.6

Number of Miners ............................ 1,339 1,347 1,747 1,786 1,762 1,584 −.6 −6.6 −1.8

Productivity Total2........................... 9.37 8.45 6.92 6.77 6.68 6.47 11.0 8.8 4.2

Underground .................................. − − 2.68 2.57 1.63 2.14 − − −

Surface ........................................... 9.37 8.45 7.19 7.18 7.26 6.61 11.0 6.6 3.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,023 1,890 2,015 1,467 2,343 − −45.8 −18.7 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 27,377 25,043 26,154 28,570 27,942 NA 9.3 −.5 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 27,352 25,035 25,640 28,540 27,942 NA 9.3 −.5 NA

Within State ................................ 15,786 15,009 14,630 15,464 14,938 NA 5.2 1.4 NA

To Other States ........................... 11,566 10,026 11,010 13,076 13,004 NA 15.4 −2.9 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 25 9 514 30 − NA 190.1 − NA

Steam ..................................... 25 9 514 30 − NA 190.1 − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 25 9 514 30 − NA 190.1 − NA

Steam ..................................... 25 9 514 30 − NA 190.1 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 15,887 15,297 15,221 15,374 15,012 14,715 3.8 1.4 .8

Electric Utility ............................... 15,802 15,215 15,137 15,297 14,942 14,661 3.9 1.4 .8

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 795 815 967 1,462 1,506 1,392 −2.5 −14.8 −6.0

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $21.83 $24.66 $23.80 $23.29 $22.96 $22.78 −11.5 −1.3 −.5

Underground .................................. − − w w ww − − −

Surface ........................................... 21.83 24.66 w w w w −11.5 w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 24.23 26.04 $25.59 $25.48 $24.61 $21.24 −6.9 −.4 1.5

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

202 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,210,828 1,301,400 1,667,596 1,694,548 1,411,026 1,393,056 −6.9 −3.8 −1.5

Productive Capacity1........................ 32,568 32,184 34,464 35,920 36,371 39,978 1.2 −2.7 −2.3

Production Total ............................... 29,580 29,861 30,112 32,286 31,973 29,731 −.9 −1.9 *

Surface ........................................... 29,580 29,861 30,112 32,286 31,973 29,731 −.9 −1.9 *

Capacity Utilization2........................ 90.82 92.78 87.37 89.88 87.89 74.34 −2.1 .8 2.2

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 40.9 43.6 55.4 52.5 44.1 46.9 −6.1 −1.9 −1.5

Number of Miners ............................ 657 640 716 645 782 977 2.6 −4.3 −4.3

Productivity Total2........................... 17.82 17.20 16.80 18.84 17.66 15.63 3.6 .2 1.5

Surface ........................................... 17.82 17.20 16.80 18.84 17.66 15.63 3.6 .2 1.5

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,965 1,574 1,797 1,812 1,607 − 24.8 5.2 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 29,172 30,025 30,118 32,056 32,372 NA −2.8 −2.6 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 29,172 30,025 30,118 32,056 32,372 NA −2.8 −2.6 NA

Within State ................................ 29,172 30,025 28,838 29,731 30,215 NA −2.8 −.9 NA

To Other States ........................... − − 1,281 2,325 2,157 NA − − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 29,360 30,511 30,237 30,363 30,302 28,029 −3.8 −.8 .5

Electric Utility ............................... 22,754 23,640 22,680 23,248 23,290 21,686 −3.7 −.6 .5

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,755 1,642 1,858 2,406 2,417 3,166 6.8 −7.7 −6.3

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $8.06 $8.01 $7.99 $7.62 $7.63 $7.38 .6 1.4 1.0

Surface ........................................... 8.06 8.01 7.99 7.62 7.63 7.38 .6 1.4 1.0

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 10.21 9.72 9.65 9.28 9.38 9.26 5.0 2.1 1.1

Industrial ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 203 
Table A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 318,428 414,759 467,984 479,235 519,768 813,166 −23.2 −11.5 −9.9

Productive Capacity1........................ 33,443 37,584 34,011 43,925 42,236 49,999 −11.0 −5.7 −4.4

Production Total ............................... 29,154 28,572 26,118 29,897 28,816 34,043 2.0 .3 −1.7

Underground .................................. 16,949 15,912 13,077 13,607 10,437 11,264 6.5 12.9 4.6

Surface ........................................... 12,205 12,660 13,041 16,290 18,379 22,779 −3.6 −9.7 −6.7

Capacity Utilization2........................ 87.07 75.88 76.55 67.87 67.94 67.68 14.8 6.4 2.8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 10.9 14.5 17.9 16.0 18.0 23.9 −24.8 −11.8 −8.3

Number of Miners ............................ 3,124 3,232 3,386 3,983 3,866 7,106 −3.3 −5.2 −8.7

Productivity Total2........................... 4.02 3.95 3.62 3.42 3.46 2.39 1.6 3.8 5.9

Underground .................................. 4.18 4.19 3.81 3.51 3.27 1.95 −.1 6.3 8.8

Surface ........................................... 3.81 3.69 3.46 3.34 3.58 2.70 3.2 1.5 3.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 774 532 1,374 833 550 − 45.5 8.9 −

Imports3 ............................................ 1 1 1 2 2 − −55.1 −24.4 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 29,434 28,881 24,345 28,749 28,315 NA 1.9 1.0 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 29,024 28,609 24,318 28,688 28,315 NA 1.4 .6 NA

Within State ................................ 24,521 24,478 20,228 23,907 24,370 NA .2 .1 NA

To Other States ........................... 4,502 4,131 4,090 4,782 3,944 NA 9.0 3.4 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 410 271 28 61 − NA 51.2 − NA

Steam ..................................... 410 271 28 61 − NA 51.2 − NA

Canada Total ............................... − 3 13 − − NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... − 3 13 − − NA −100.0 − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 410 269 15 61 − NA 52.7 − NA

Steam ..................................... 410 269 15 61 − NA 52.7 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 58,933 59,835 56,580 56,711 59,031 61,096 −1.5 * −.4

Electric Utility ............................... 52,893 53,543 49,785 49,326 51,456 48,893 −1.2 .7 .9

Industrial ........................................ 3,863 3,794 3,609 3,794 4,100 6,030 1.8 −1.5 −4.8

Coke ............................................... 1,848 1,842 2,777 3,092 2,892 5,448 .3 −10.6 −11.3

Residential/Commercial................. 329 656 409 498 584 726 −49.9 −13.4 −8.4

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 6,324 5,428 5,936 7,815 7,630 7,823 16.5 −4.6 −2.3

Electric Utility ............................... 6,066 5,229 5,661 7,499 7,249 7,218 16.0 −4.3 −1.9

All Other........................................ 257 199 275 316 381 605 29.4 −9.3 −9.1

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $23.66 $24.85 $25.97 $29.13 $28.04 $30.50 −4.8 −4.2 −2.8

Underground .................................. 25.16 25.98 28.98 31.61 30.73 36.64 −3.1 −4.9 −4.1

Surface ........................................... 21.57 23.43 22.92 27.04 26.51 27.44 −7.9 −5.0 −2.6

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 31.41 32.31 34.44 34.70 34.05 36.22 −2.8 −2.0 −1.6

Industrial ........................................ 34.05 35.28 35.18 35.75 34.82 34.09 −3.5 −.6 *

Coke ............................................... 46.89 44.98 42.18 42.02 45.07 46.32 4.2 1.0 .1

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1993 through 1997 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1988 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

204 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table A11. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 905,320 796,035 736,601 912,870 939,706 1,280,779 13.7 −0.9 −3.8

Productive Capacity1........................ 87,527 81,684 77,187 80,975 82,148 86,521 7.1 1.6 .1

Production Total ............................... 76,198 67,942 61,576 62,237 59,700 70,645 12.1 6.3 .8

Underground .................................. 54,829 47,247 41,409 39,974 36,934 39,407 16.0 10.4 3.7

Surface ........................................... 21,369 20,694 20,167 22,263 22,766 31,238 3.3 −1.6 −4.1

Capacity Utilization2........................ 86.46 82.53 78.81 75.89 71.79 80.44 4.8 4.8 .8

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 11.9 11.7 12.0 14.7 15.7 18.1 1.4 −6.8 −4.6

Number of Miners ............................ 9,575 9,021 8,968 9,975 10,940 16,573 6.1 −3.3 −5.9

Productivity Total2........................... 3.63 3.36 3.23 2.98 2.80 2.11 7.9 6.7 6.2

Underground .................................. 4.05 3.74 3.49 3.18 2.91 1.97 8.2 8.6 8.3

Surface ........................................... 2.86 2.72 2.79 2.67 2.63 2.32 5.0 2.0 2.3

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,507 3,113 2,487 2,787 1,826 − −19.5 8.3 −

Imports3 ............................................ 72 80 87 − − −−10.0 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 73,725 69,128 62,240 61,508 58,990 NA 6.6 5.7 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 65,027 59,882 53,961 55,207 53,482 NA 8.6 5.0 NA

Within State ................................ 40,834 39,222 36,147 35,189 33,456 NA 4.1 5.1 NA

To Other States ........................... 24,193 20,660 17,814 20,018 20,026 NA 17.1 4.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 8,698 9,246 8,279 6,301 5,508 NA −5.9 12.1 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 2,105 1,642 1,467 1,624 1,919 NA 28.3 2.3 NA

Steam..................................... 6,593 7,604 6,812 4,677 3,589 NA −13.3 16.4 NA

Canada Total ............................... 2,612 1,050 713 844 597 NA 148.7 44.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − − 4 − 10 NA − − NA

Steam ..................................... 2,612 1,050 708 844 587 NA 148.7 45.2 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 6,087 8,196 7,566 5,457 4,911 NA −25.7 5.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 2,105 1,642 1,463 1,624 1,909 NA 28.3 2.5 NA

Steam..................................... 3,981 6,554 6,103 3,833 3,002 NA −39.3 7.3 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 58,591 57,226 55,326 54,094 56,158 58,639 2.4 1.1 *

Electric Utility ............................... 42,603 41,076 39,252 38,044 40,257 43,166 3.7 1.4 −.1

Industrial ........................................ 4,410 4,466 4,027 4,044 4,311 3,942 −1.3 .6 1.3

Coke ............................................... 10,334 10,689 10,858 10,849 10,333 10,146 −3.3 * .2

Residential/Commercial ................. 1,244 995 1,188 1,156 1,257 1,385 25.1 −.3 −1.2

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 8,658 8,857 10,303 12,060 12,265 12,800 −2.2 −8.3 −4.3

Electric Utility ............................... 7,790 7,878 9,244 11,000 11,110 11,798 −1.1 −8.5 −4.5

All Other........................................ 868 980 1,059 1,060 1,155 1,003 −11.4 −6.9 −1.6

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $25.98 $25.78 $26.78 $26.18 $26.50 $29.90 .8 −.5 −1.5

Underground .................................. 26.30 25.79 27.09 26.59 27.35 32.71 2.0 −1.0 −2.4

Surface ........................................... 25.13 25.76 26.14 25.43 25.09 26.31 −2.4 * −.5

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 33.28 34.06 33.48 35.39 35.73 35.62 −2.3 −1.8 −.8

Industrial ........................................ 34.20 33.84 34.07 33.66 34.04 36.17 1.1 .1 −.6

Coke ............................................... 46.20 45.16 46.11 46.25 46.41 43.11 2.3 −.1 .8

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1993 through 1997 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1988 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 205 
Table A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 921,939 878,486 939,901 1,026,309 1,104,864 1,167,192 4.9 −4.4 −2.6

Productive Capacity1........................ 54,614 59,604 54,758 55,856 57,115 69,181 −8.4 −1.1 −2.6

Production Total ............................... 53,328 55,164 52,684 52,346 54,567 52,281 −3.3 −.6 .2

Surface ........................................... 53,328 55,164 52,684 52,346 54,567 52,281 −3.3 −.6 .2

Capacity Utilization2........................ 97.64 92.55 96.21 93.72 95.54 75.57 5.5 .5 2.9

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 17.3 15.9 17.8 19.6 20.3 22.3 8.5 −3.9 −2.8

Number of Miners ............................ 1,363 1,550 1,590 1,733 1,841 3,057 −12.1 −7.2 −8.6

Productivity Total2........................... 10.24 10.13 9.10 8.82 8.42 6.52 1.1 5.0 5.1

Surface ........................................... 10.24 10.13 9.10 8.82 8.42 6.52 1.1 5.0 5.1

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,506 1,254 864 1,430 1,237 − 20.1 5.0 −

Imports3 ............................................ 99 16 − 153 156 − NM −10.7 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 53,463 49,655 52,832 52,256 54,224 NA 7.7 −.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 NA 7.9 −.3 NA

Within State ................................ 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 54,224 NA 7.9 −.3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. − 117 20 − − NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... − 117 20 − − NA −100.0 − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... − 117 20 − − NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... − 117 20 − − NA −100.0 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 101,297 98,997 92,612 93,829 96,809 86,644 2.3 1.1 1.8

Electric Utility ............................... 96,537 94,189 88,358 88,479 92,135 82,889 2.5 1.2 1.7

Industrial ........................................ 4,759 4,808 4,255 5,350 4,667 3,708 −1.0 .5 2.8

Residential/Commercial ................. * − − * 6w − −67.4 w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 6,540 10,477 10,829 9,793 9,172 w −37.6 −8.1 w

Electric Utility ............................... 6,352 10,287 10,628 9,578 8,125 8,922 −38.2 −6.0 −3.7

All Other........................................ 188 190 201 215 1,047 w −1.1 −34.9 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $12.15 $12.17 $12.16 $12.38 $12.87 $11.34 −.1 −1.4 .8

Surface ........................................... 12.15 12.17 12.16 12.38 12.87 11.34 −.1 −1.4 .8

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 18.69 19.26 19.65 19.84 20.91 21.50 −3.0 −2.8 −1.5

Industrial ........................................ 20.13 18.99 18.76 19.54 17.58 18.42 6.0 3.4 1.0

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1993 through 1997 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1988 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

206 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 432,777 284,433 374,750 423,349 446,729 537,366 52.1 −0.8 −2.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 30,281 30,230 30,888 27,640 25,933 29,610 .2 3.9 .2

Production Total ............................... 26,683 27,507 25,167 24,399 21,847 18,163 −3.0 5.1 4.4

Underground .................................. 26,683 27,507 25,167 24,399 21,847 18,163 −3.0 5.1 4.4

Capacity Utilization2........................ 88.09 90.97 81.48 88.27 84.22 61.34 −3.2 1.1 4.1

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 16.2 10.3 14.9 17.3 20.4 29.6 56.8 −5.6 −6.5

Number of Miners ............................ 1,922 1,804 1,893 1,675 1,769 2,375 6.5 2.1 −2.3

Productivity Total2........................... 6.34 7.23 7.02 6.59 5.96 4.16 −12.3 1.5 4.8

Underground .................................. 6.34 7.24 7.02 6.59 5.96 4.16 −12.4 1.5 4.8

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,112 1,337 1,946 1,301 1,203 − 57.9 15.1 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 26,272 23,868 25,521 23,225 22,243 NA 10.1 4.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 22,857 18,563 21,591 20,527 19,283 NA 23.1 4.3 NA

Within State ................................ 13,936 9,389 12,755 13,586 13,418 NA 48.4 .9 NA

To Other States ........................... 8,922 9,174 8,836 6,941 5,866 NA −2.8 11.0 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 3,414 5,305 3,930 2,698 2,959 NA −35.6 3.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 97 187 − −− NA −47.9 − NA

Steam..................................... 3,317 5,118 3,930 2,698 2,959 NA −35.2 2.9 NA

Canada Total ............................... − − − − 346 NA − − NA

Steam..................................... − − − − 346 NA − − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 3,414 5,305 3,930 2,698 2,613 NA −35.6 6.9 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 97 187 − −− NA −47.9 − NA

Steam..................................... 3,317 5,118 3,930 2,698 2,613 NA −35.2 6.1 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 15,923 15,237 15,307 16,216 15,848 14,513 4.5 .1 1.0

Electric Utility ............................... 14,252 13,584 13,325 14,269 13,995 12,544 4.9 .4 1.4

Industrial ........................................ 527 512 915 835 727 597 3.1 −7.7 −1.4

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 2,309 1,526 2,250 2,753 3,264 2,772 51.3 −8.3 −2.0

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $17.61 $21.63 $19.10 $19.27 $20.81 $22.42 −18.6 −4.1 −2.6

Underground .................................. 17.61 21.63 19.10 19.27 20.81 22.42 −18.6 −4.1 −2.6

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 25.22 24.66 25.27 26.10 27.34 29.07 2.3 −2.0 −1.6

Industrial ........................................ 19.28 19.10 19.74 26.57 26.51 25.48 .9 −7.6 −3.0

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 207 
Table A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 207,765 188,344 203,159 236,773 335,883 411,346 10.3 −11.3 −7.3

Productive Capacity1........................ 43,023 41,593 43,037 46,462 50,879 49,082 3.4 −4.1 −1.4

Production Total ............................... 35,837 35,590 34,099 37,129 39,317 45,886 .7 −2.3 −2.7

Underground .................................. 26,929 25,568 25,372 28,054 30,166 37,809 5.3 −2.8 −3.7

Surface ........................................... 8,907 10,022 8,727 9,075 9,151 8,076 −11.1 −.7 1.1

Capacity Utilization2........................ 83.09 85.34 79.07 79.61 77.07 92.79 −2.6 1.9 −1.2

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 5.8 5.3 6.0 6.4 8.5 9.0 9.5 −9.2 −4.7

Number of Miners ............................ 6,235 6,241 6,919 8,121 8,339 10,696 −.1 −7.0 −5.8

Productivity Total2........................... 2.77 2.72 2.50 2.51 2.41 2.31 2.0 3.6 2.0

Underground .................................. 2.56 2.44 2.25 2.27 2.19 2.28 4.8 3.9 1.3

Surface ........................................... 3.69 3.79 3.73 3.73 3.55 2.49 −2.6 1.0 4.5

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,328 1,644 1,649 1,180 1,389 − 41.5 13.8 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 35,419 36,208 34,024 38,548 41,639 NA −2.2 −4.0 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 22,578 22,776 24,283 26,866 27,388 NA −.9 −4.7 NA

Within State ................................ 6,695 7,231 5,657 6,867 6,076 NA −7.4 2.5 NA

To Other States ........................... 15,882 15,545 18,625 19,999 21,312 NA 2.2 −7.1 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 12,841 13,432 9,742 11,683 14,251 NA −4.4 −2.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 12,288 12,760 8,921 11,155 13,747 NA −3.7 −2.8 NA

Steam..................................... 553 671 821 527 503 NA −17.6 2.4 NA

Canada Total ............................... 508 387 445 786 1,229 NA 31.0 −19.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 508 387 445 786 1,229 NA 31.0 −19.8 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 12,333 13,044 9,297 10,897 13,021 NA −5.4 −1.3 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 11,780 12,373 8,475 10,370 12,518 NA −4.8 −1.5 NA

Steam..................................... 553 671 821 527 503 NA −17.6 2.4 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 15,276 14,983 13,378 12,792 13,584 13,430 1.9 3.0 1.4

Electric Utility ............................... 11,605 10,994 9,543 8,670 9,447 8,469 5.5 5.3 3.6

Industrial ........................................ 2,502 2,613 2,585 2,838 2,863 3,745 −4.2 −3.3 −4.4

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,152 1,010 1,098 2,064 1,418 1,211 14.1 −5.0 −.5

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $28.24 $28.45 $28.47 $26.84 $26.80 $26.49 −.7 1.3 .7

Underground .................................. 29.07 29.46 29.20 27.33 27.26 26.89 −1.3 1.6 .9

Surface ........................................... 25.74 25.88 26.34 25.33 25.29 24.60 −.5 .4 .5

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 34.98 35.73 36.90 37.05 37.57 39.72 −2.1 −1.8 −1.4

Industrial ........................................ 43.85 43.51 42.50 41.56 41.27 38.36 .8 1.5 1.5

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

208 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,736,836 1,731,154 1,731,400 1,829,630 1,930,903 2,367,782 0.3 −2.6 −3.4

Productive Capacity1........................ 203,006 217,409 204,837 201,684 191,706 162,195 −6.6 1.4 2.5

Production Total ............................... 173,743 170,433 162,997 161,776 130,525 145,005 1.9 7.4 2.0

Underground .................................. 116,523 115,585 110,029 111,679 87,997 110,076 .8 7.3 .6

Surface ........................................... 57,220 54,848 52,968 50,097 42,528 34,929 4.3 7.7 5.6

Capacity Utilization2........................ 85.50 78.32 79.50 80.07 67.91 89.02 9.2 5.9 −.4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 10.0 10.2 10.6 11.3 14.8 16.3 −1.6 −9.3 −5.3

Number of Miners ............................ 18,245 20,121 21,334 21,861 22,979 28,972 −9.3 −5.6 −5.0

Productivity Total2........................... 4.46 3.91 3.74 3.69 3.27 2.68 14.1 8.0 5.8

Underground .................................. 4.03 3.50 3.40 3.38 2.92 2.49 15.1 8.3 5.5

Surface ........................................... 5.71 5.18 4.74 4.62 4.35 3.53 10.2 7.1 5.5

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 5,504 4,947 6,176 6,692 4,059 − 11.3 7.9 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 172,230 169,200 165,187 158,985 135,818 NA 1.8 6.1 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 133,771 127,156 120,866 122,779 102,659 NA 5.2 6.8 NA

Within State ................................ 29,135 29,220 29,018 30,891 22,887 NA −.3 6.2 NA

To Other States ........................... 104,636 97,936 91,848 91,888 79,772 NA 6.8 7.0 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 38,459 42,044 44,321 36,205 33,159 NA −8.5 3.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 30,327 31,717 34,633 31,603 26,504 NA −4.4 3.4 NA

Steam ..................................... 8,132 10,327 9,688 4,602 6,655 NA −21.3 5.1 NA

Canada Total ............................... 8,291 7,222 5,784 5,644 4,108 NA 14.8 19.2 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 6,956 6,907 5,759 5,605 4,071 NA .7 14.3 NA

Steam ..................................... 1,335 315 25 40 37 NA 323.3 145.3 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 30,168 34,822 38,537 30,561 29,052 NA −13.4 .9 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 23,370 24,810 28,874 25,998 22,433 NA −5.8 1.0 NA

Steam ..................................... 6,798 10,012 9,663 4,563 6,618 NA −32.1 .7 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 37,122 36,139 34,489 34,767 32,046 36,435 2.7 3.7 .2

Electric Utility ............................... 34,487 32,775 30,657 30,318 27,782 31,704 5.2 5.5 .9

Industrial ........................................ 1,652 1,630 1,984 2,637 2,406 2,598 1.3 −9.0 −4.9

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 4,042 4,370 4,744 4,479 4,001 5,077 −7.5 .3 −2.5

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $26.64 $26.58 $27.18 $27.42 $27.58 $28.22 .2 −.8 −.6

Underground .................................. 27.64 27.31 27.77 27.93 28.54 29.03 1.2 −.8 −.5

Surface ........................................... 24.60 25.04 25.95 26.29 25.57 25.63 −1.7 −1.0 −.4

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 30.68 30.93 31.61 34.70 35.42 35.95 −.8 −3.5 −1.7

Industrial ........................................ 35.31 33.37 33.61 32.73 32.91 30.98 5.8 1.8 1.5

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 209 
Table A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 6,464,670 6,591,293 6,723,963 6,999,460 6,830,720 6,445,928 −1.9 −1.4 *

Productive Capacity1........................ 366,680 350,908 337,184 321,046 277,875 257,683 4.5 7.2 4.0

Production Total ............................... 281,881 278,440 263,822 237,092 210,129 164,014 1.2 7.6 6.2

Underground .................................. 2,846 2,641 2,008 2,735 2,136 1,138 7.8 7.4 10.7

Surface ........................................... 279,035 275,799 261,814 234,357 207,993 162,876 1.2 7.6 6.2

Capacity Utilization2........................ 76.87 79.35 78.24 73.85 75.62 63.65 −3.1 .4 2.1

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 22.9 23.7 25.5 29.5 32.5 39.3 −3.1 −8.3 −5.8

Number of Miners ............................ 2,777 2,814 3,142 3,291 3,159 3,167 −1.3 −3.2 −1.4

Productivity Total2........................... 34.55 32.06 30.06 26.05 24.46 18.80 7.8 9.0 7.0

Underground .................................. 10.13 9.18 5.97 5.07 3.56 3.72 10.4 29.8 11.8

Surface ........................................... 35.42 32.84 31.02 27.37 26.03 19.34 7.8 8.0 6.9

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,036 1,504 1,997 1,592 998 − 35.4 19.5 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 280,795 279,117 263,601 235,540 211,713 NA .6 7.3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 278,255 276,723 261,333 234,016 210,739 NA .5 7.2 NA

Within State ................................ 26,756 26,253 26,521 28,334 25,519 NA 1.9 1.2 NA

To Other States ........................... 251,499 250,470 234,812 205,682 185,220 NA .4 7.9 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 2,541 2,395 2,269 1,524 974 NA 6.1 27.1 NA

Steam..................................... 2,541 2,395 2,269 1,524 974 NA 6.1 27.1 NA

Canada Total ............................... 818 443 32 − − NA 84.5 − NA

Steam ..................................... 818 443 32 − − NA 84.5 − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 1,723 1,952 2,237 1,524 974 NA −11.7 15.3 NA

Steam..................................... 1,723 1,952 2,237 1,524 974 NA −11.7 15.3 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 26,096 26,646 25,933 27,459 26,171 25,424 −2.1 −.1 .3

Electric Utility ............................... 23,997 24,430 23,850 25,350 24,111 23,563 −1.8 −.1 .2

Industrial ........................................ 1,959 1,835 1,937 1,867 1,873 w 6.8 1.1 w

Residential/Commercial................. 140 382 146 242 187 w −63.2 −6.9 w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 1,555 2,267 2,936 2,553 1,841 w −31.4 −4.1 w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,498 2,197 2,857 2,476 1,728 2,619 −31.8 −3.5 −6.0

All Other........................................ 57 71 79 77 113 w −20.0 −15.9 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $6.00 $6.41 $6.58 $6.83 $7.32 $9.16 −6.3 −4.8 −4.6

Underground .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $14.16 $14.30 $14.29 $14.09 $14.03 $14.71 −1.0 .2 −.4

Industrial ........................................ 23.68 22.32 22.72 22.87 23.43 w 6.1 .3 w

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

210 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 416,535 427,163 420,998 476,538 506,419 797,425 −2.5 −4.8 −7.0

Productive Capacity1........................ 24,996 23,441 24,495 23,451 23,567 36,412 6.6 1.5 −4.1

Production Total ............................... 19,349 19,674 19,911 19,672 18,848 27,269 −1.6 .6 −3.7

Underground .................................. 4,909 5,227 4,880 4,880 4,523 6,721 −6.1 2.1 −3.4

Surface ........................................... 14,440 14,447 15,031 14,792 14,325 20,548 * .2 −3.8

Capacity Utilization2........................ 77.22 83.55 81.02 83.52 79.48 74.48 −7.6 −.7 .4

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 21.5 21.7 21.1 24.2 26.9 29.2 −.8 −5.4 −3.3

Number of Miners ............................ 2,344 2,394 2,312 2,373 2,478 5,353 −2.1 −1.4 −8.8

Productivity Total2........................... 3.78 3.73 3.96 3.82 3.59 2.63 1.3 1.3 4.1

Underground .................................. 3.29 2.94 3.03 2.86 3.05 1.76 12.1 2.0 7.2

Surface ........................................... 3.98 4.13 4.41 4.30 3.80 3.13 −3.8 1.1 2.7

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 539 292 784 598 297 − 84.8 16.1 −

Imports3 ............................................ 5,163 5,267 5,084 5,327 4,605 970 −2.0 2.9 20.4

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 18,878 19,828 19,080 18,813 19,056 NA −4.8 −.2 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 17,948 18,285 17,930 17,767 17,914 NA −1.8 * NA

Within State ................................ 24 28 26 25 100 NA −12.5 −29.8 NA

To Other States ........................... 17,923 18,257 17,904 17,743 17,814 NA −1.8 .1 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 931 1,544 1,150 1,046 1,142 NA −39.7 −5.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 48 − 38 109 51 NA − −1.4 NA

Steam..................................... 882 1,544 1,112 937 1,091 NA −42.8 −5.2 NA

Canada Total ............................... * * 1 3 1 NA −25.9 −44.3 NA

Steam ..................................... * * 1 3 1 NA −25.9 −44.3 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 931 1,544 1,149 1,042 1,142 NA −39.7 −5.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 48 − 38 109 51 NA − −1.4 NA

Steam..................................... 882 1,544 1,112 934 1,091 NA −42.8 −5.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 411,134 400,049 382,060 371,817 365,045 351,839 2.8 3.0 1.7

Electric Utility ............................... 376,543 365,146 344,785 334,773 329,279 312,807 3.1 3.4 2.1

Industrial ........................................ 28,989 29,720 31,653 31,795 31,970 31,980 −2.4 −2.4 −1.1

Coke ............................................... 2,677 2,686 2,784 2,723 1,243 4,502 −.3 21.1 −5.6

Residential/Commercial................. 2,925 2,497 2,838 2,526 2,552 2,550 17.1 3.5 1.5

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 49,227 60,121 62,368 57,506 48,850 71,082 −18.1 .2 −4.0

Electric Utility ............................... 45,078 55,817 58,348 53,253 45,411 65,708 −19.2 −.2 −4.1

All Other........................................ 4,148 4,304 4,021 4,252 3,439 5,374 −3.6 4.8 −2.8

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $23.50 $24.06 $22.80 $23.19 $23.14 $25.05 −2.3 .4 −.7

Underground .................................. 24.26 25.78 26.25 26.97 26.72 27.43 −5.9 −2.4 −1.3

Surface ........................................... 23.24 23.44 21.67 21.94 22.02 24.28 −.8 1.3 −.5

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 27.39 27.46 28.22 29.70 30.68 33.62 −.2 −2.8 −2.2

Industrial ........................................ 38.47 38.22 38.51 38.72 38.95 39.83 .7 −.3 −.4

Coke ............................................... 49.16 51.21 51.67 50.89 58.19 53.60 −4.0 −4.1 −.9

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1993 through 1997 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1988 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Other States include Alaska, Arkansas, California, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Washington. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 211 
Table A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1988, 1993-1997

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 19,164,398 19,427,980 20,105,197 21,016,526 21,535,283 23,580,557 −1.3 −2.9 −2.3

Productive Capacity1........................ 1,325,604 1,324,712 1,299,054 1,320,656 1,261,873 1,211,516 .1 1.2 1.0

Production Total ............................... 1,089,932 1,063,856 1,032,974 1,033,504 945,424 950,265 2.4 3.6 1.5

Underground .................................. 420,657 409,849 396,249 399,103 351,053 382,156 2.6 4.6 1.1

Surface ........................................... 669,274 654,007 636,725 634,401 594,371 568,109 2.3 3.0 1.8

Capacity Utilization2........................ 82.13 80.21 79.40 78.11 74.77 78.13 2.4 2.4 .5

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 17.6 18.3 19.5 20.3 22.8 24.8 −3.7 −6.3 −3.8

Number of Miners ............................ 81,516 83,462 90,252 97,500 101,322 135,366 −2.3 −5.3 −5.5

Productivity Total2........................... 6.04 5.69 5.38 4.98 4.70 3.55 6.1 6.5 6.1

Underground .................................. 3.83 3.57 3.39 3.19 2.95 2.38 7.2 6.7 5.4

Surface ........................................... 9.46 9.05 8.48 7.67 7.23 5.32 4.5 6.9 6.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 33,973 28,648 34,444 33,219 25,284 34,090 18.6 7.7 *

Imports3 ............................................ 6,171 6,476 6,317 6,599 5,496 970 −4.7 2.9 22.8

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 1,078,401 1,059,892 1,030,330 1,022,523 959,445 NA 1.8 3.0 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 995,181 967,693 940,423 949,843 883,934 NA 2.8 3.0 NA

Within State ................................ 356,593 340,005 336,821 353,765 339,034 NA 4.9 1.3 NA

To Other States ........................... 638,588 627,688 603,602 596,078 544,900 NA 1.7 4.0 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 83,220 92,199 89,907 72,680 75,510 NA −9.7 2.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 55,278 56,162 54,077 52,206 52,592 NA −1.5 1.3 NA

Steam..................................... 27,942 36,037 35,830 20,474 22,919 NA −22.6 5.0 NA

Canada Total ............................... 13,405 10,599 8,023 8,467 7,751 NA 26.5 14.7 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 8,203 8,472 6,986 7,464 6,666 NA −3.2 5.3 NA

Steam..................................... 5,202 2,127 1,037 1,003 1,085 NA 144.6 48.0 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 69,815 81,600 81,884 64,214 67,759 NA −14.4 .8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 47,075 47,690 47,091 44,743 45,926 NA −1.2 .6 NA

Steam..................................... 22,740 33,910 34,793 19,471 21,834 NA −33.1 1.0 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 1,029,229 1,005,573 962,039 951,461 944,081 883,642 2.5 2.1 1.5

Electric Utility ............................... 900,361 874,681 829,007 817,270 813,508 758,372 2.9 2.6 1.9

Industrial ........................................ 70,599 70,941 73,055 75,179 74,892 76,252 −.5 −1.5 −.8

Coke ............................................... 30,203 31,706 33,011 31,740 31,323 41,888 −4.7 −.9 −3.6

Residential/Commercial................. 6,463 6,006 5,807 6,013 6,221 7,130 7.6 .9 −1.1

Other Power Producers.................. 21,603 22,239 21,158 21,260 18,137 − −2.9 4.5 −

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 106,837 122,979 134,639 136,139 120,458 158,413 −13.1 −2.9 −4.3

Electric Utility ............................... 98,826 114,623 126,304 126,897 111,341 146,507 −13.8 −2.9 −4.3

All Other........................................ 8,012 8,355 8,334 9,243 9,117 11,906 −4.1 −3.2 −4.3

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $18.14 $18.50 $18.83 $19.41 $19.85 $22.07 −1.9 −2.2 −2.1

Underground .................................. 25.68 25.96 26.18 26.39 26.92 28.97 −1.0 −1.2 −1.3

Surface ........................................... 13.39 13.82 14.25 15.02 15.67 17.43 −3.1 −3.8 −2.9

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 26.16 26.45 27.01 28.03 28.58 30.64 −1.1 −2.2 −1.7

Industrial ........................................ 32.41 32.32 32.42 32.55 32.23 33.43 .3 .1 −.3

Coke ............................................... 47.61 47.33 47.34 46.56 47.44 47.70 .6 .1 *

1 For 1988, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily

productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1993 through 1997 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1988 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

212 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Appendix B

Metric Tables

In response to requests from international users of

U.S. coal statistics, certain summary data have been

converted from the customary short tons to metric.

This enables U.S. statistics to be compared with data

published by countries using the metric system. The

conversion to metric tons is made by multiplying

short tons by 0.907185.

The data converted to metric tons are from Tables

ES3, 1, 16, 25, 35, 48, 67, 68, 76, 80, 92, 94, 96, 98,

and 99.

Table B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and

Stocks, 1988, 1993-1997

(Million Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Activity 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Production............................................ 989 965 937 938 858 862 2.4 3.6 1.5

Imports................................................. 7 6 7 7 7 2 5.1 .6 15.0

Producer and Distributor Stocks1 . 31 26 31 30 23 31 18.6 7.7 *

Consumption........................................ 914 892 854 844 840 802 2.5 2.1 1.5

Exports................................................. 76 82 80 65 68 86 −7.6 2.9 −1.4

Consumer Stocks1............................... 97 112 122 124 109 144 −13.1 −2.9 −4.3

1 Reported as of the last day of the quarter.

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Consumption does not include coal consumed by other power producers.

Sources: • Production: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report’’; and State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports. • Imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’ • Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’ • Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

• Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing

Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 213 
Table B2. Coal Production by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 22,197 22,351 22,353 21,106 22,469 24,057 −0.7 −0.3 −0.9

Alaska .................................................. 1,315 1,343 1,540 1,422 1,452 1,583 −2.1 −2.4 −2.0

Arizona ................................................ 10,635 9,473 10,838 11,844 11,043 11,247 12.3 −.9 −.6

Arkansas .............................................. 17 19 26 46 40 250 −12.3 −19.8 −26.0

California ............................................. − − − − − 49 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 24,901 22,576 23,324 22,955 19,854 14,436 10.3 5.8 6.2

Illinois .................................................. 37,338 42,325 43,708 47,896 37,283 53,155 −11.8 * −3.8

Indiana ................................................. 32,203 26,916 23,593 28,057 26,576 28,369 19.6 4.9 1.4

Iowa ..................................................... − − − 42 159 310 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 326 211 258 258 310 669 54.8 1.3 −7.7

Kentucky Total .................................... 141,388 138,278 139,470 146,639 141,792 143,201 2.2 −.1 −.1

Eastern .............................................. 109,695 106,096 107,539 112,897 109,036 106,616 3.4 .1 .3

Western ............................................. 31,693 32,182 31,931 33,742 32,756 36,585 −1.5 −.8 −1.6

Louisiana.............................................. 3,216 2,922 3,374 3,141 2,843 2,621 10.1 3.1 2.3

Maryland.............................................. 3,774 3,713 3,327 3,295 3,044 2,941 1.6 5.5 2.8

Missouri ............................................... 364 644 497 761 592 3,782 −43.5 −11.5 −22.9

Montana ............................................... 37,199 34,374 35,789 37,775 32,583 35,272 8.2 3.4 .6

New Mexico ........................................ 24,517 21,834 24,324 25,438 25,644 19,779 12.3 −1.1 2.4

North Dakota ....................................... 26,834 27,089 27,317 29,289 29,005 26,971 −.9 −1.9 *

Ohio ..................................................... 26,449 25,920 23,694 27,122 26,141 30,883 2.0 .3 −1.7

Oklahoma............................................. 1,470 1,543 1,702 1,733 1,595 1,938 −4.7 −2.0 −3.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 69,126 61,636 55,860 56,460 54,159 64,088 12.1 6.3 .8

Anthracite.......................................... 4,244 4,310 4,248 4,192 3,906 3,225 −1.5 2.1 3.1

Bituminous........................................ 64,882 57,325 51,613 52,268 50,253 60,864 13.2 6.6 .7

Tennessee............................................. 2,994 3,312 2,922 2,709 2,764 5,905 −9.6 2.0 −7.3

Texas.................................................... 48,378 50,044 47,794 47,488 49,502 47,428 −3.3 −.6 .2

Utah...................................................... 24,206 24,954 22,831 22,135 19,819 16,477 −3.0 5.1 4.4

Virginia ................................................ 32,511 32,286 30,934 33,683 35,668 41,627 .7 −2.3 −2.7

Washington .......................................... 4,078 4,142 4,416 4,439 4,300 4,691 −1.5 −1.3 −1.5

West Virginia Total............................. 157,617 154,614 147,869 146,760 118,411 131,546 1.9 7.4 2.0

Northern ............................................ 38,829 41,649 41,834 44,739 30,665 48,309 −6.8 6.1 −2.4

Southern ............................................ 118,788 112,965 106,034 102,022 87,746 83,237 5.1 7.9 4.0

Wyoming ............................................. 255,718 252,597 239,336 215,086 190,626 148,791 1.2 7.6 6.2

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 424,361 409,928 394,499 404,033 371,690 407,664 3.5 3.4 .4

Interior Total1 ................................... 155,005 156,805 152,884 163,164 151,658 175,107 −1.1 .5 −1.3

Western Total1 .................................. 409,404 398,381 389,715 370,382 334,327 279,296 2.8 5.2 4.3

East of Miss. River............................ 525,595 511,351 493,732 513,729 468,306 525,773 2.8 2.9 *

West of Miss. River........................... 463,175 453,763 443,367 423,851 389,369 336,294 2.1 4.4 3.6

U.S. Total............................................ 988,770 965,114 937,098 937,580 857,675 862,066 2.4 3.6 1.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

214 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 19881 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 26,382 29,174 29,526 29,982 25,325 27,554 −9.6 1.0 −0.5

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w − wwww − w w

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. 32,174 26,608 29,425 28,191 27,252 19,041 20.9 4.2 6.0

Illinois .................................................. 46,741 55,998 51,371 62,971 62,886 64,890 −16.5 −7.1 −3.6

Indiana ................................................. 33,565 32,263 31,984 35,318 39,875 37,920 4.0 −4.2 −1.3

Iowa ..................................................... − − − www −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 177,312 171,662 184,316 193,618 185,796 154,879 3.3 −1.2 1.5

Eastern .............................................. 138,510 132,169 137,993 146,720 142,717 112,749 4.8 −.7 2.3

Western ............................................. 38,802 39,493 46,323 46,897 43,079 42,130 −1.8 −2.6 −.9

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. 4,430 4,477 3,999 3,930 3,563 4,150 −1.0 5.6 .7

Missouri ............................................... 626 949 980 1,097 w w −34.0 w w

Montana ............................................... 50,930 50,961 46,808 46,361 46,129 45,594 −.1 2.5 1.2

New Mexico ........................................ 28,670 29,660 29,719 29,762 30,264 29,739 −3.3 −1.3 −.4

North Dakota ....................................... 29,545 29,197 31,265 32,586 32,995 36,268 1.2 −2.7 −2.3

Ohio ..................................................... 30,339 34,096 30,854 39,848 38,315 45,359 −11.0 −5.7 −4.4

Oklahoma............................................. 2,223 1,797 2,320 2,042 2,197 4,135 23.7 .3 −6.7

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 79,404 74,102 70,023 73,460 74,524 78,491 7.1 1.6 .1

Anthracite.......................................... 4,993 4,993 5,939 5,240 5,267 3,130 * −1.3 5.3

Bituminous........................................ 74,411 69,109 64,083 68,220 69,256 75,361 7.7 1.8 −.1

Tennessee............................................. 3,719 3,637 3,402 3,092 3,414 7,277 2.3 2.2 −7.2

Texas.................................................... 49,545 54,072 49,676 50,672 51,814 62,760 −8.4 −1.1 −2.6

Utah...................................................... 27,470 27,424 28,021 25,075 23,526 26,862 .2 3.9 .2

Virginia ................................................ 39,029 37,733 39,042 42,150 46,156 44,527 3.4 −4.1 −1.4

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 184,164 197,230 185,825 182,964 173,913 147,140 −6.6 1.4 2.5

Northern ............................................ 46,034 49,534 51,124 53,792 54,445 54,543 −7.1 −4.1 −1.9

Southern ............................................ 138,130 147,696 134,701 129,172 119,468 92,597 −6.5 3.7 4.5

Wyoming ............................................. 332,647 318,338 305,888 291,248 252,084 233,767 4.5 7.2 4.0

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 505,978 512,618 500,664 522,147 507,927 467,246 −1.3 −.1 .9

Interior Total2 ................................... 175,740 188,385 186,329 203,116 204,968 221,799 −6.7 −3.8 −2.5

Western Total2 .................................. 520,850 500,757 491,489 472,817 431,858 410,024 4.0 4.8 2.7

East of Miss. River............................ 625,085 640,372 630,341 667,333 653,767 612,186 −2.4 −1.1 .2

West of Miss. River........................... 577,483 561,387 548,141 530,746 490,986 486,883 2.9 4.1 1.9

U.S. Total............................................ 1,202,568 1,201,759 1,178,482 1,198,079 1,144,753 1,099,069 .1 1.2 1.0

1 For 1988, Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ To obtain annual productive capacity for a mine in 1988, each mine’s daily productive capacity was multiplied by the number of days worked during the year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide these data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 215 
Table B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Million Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 340 410 463 415 387 463 −17.1 −3.2 −3.4

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w − wwww − w w

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. 515 582 628 614 552 592 −11.5 −1.7 −1.5

Illinois .................................................. 675 808 800 874 965 1,225 −16.4 −8.5 −6.4

Indiana ................................................. 357 350 294 276 344 413 1.9 .9 −1.6

Iowa ..................................................... − − − www −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 1,207 1,139 1,160 1,238 1,658 1,569 6.0 −7.6 −2.9

Eastern .............................................. 875 742 692 734 1,222 1,018 17.9 −8.0 −1.7

Western ............................................. 332 396 468 505 436 551 −16.3 −6.6 −5.5

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. 61 64 52 80 60 81 −4.6 .6 −3.0

Missouri ............................................... 1 2 2 11 w w −60.9 w w

Montana ............................................... 1,059 1,187 1,135 1,163 1,166 1,427 −10.8 −2.3 −3.3

New Mexico ........................................ 1,284 1,303 1,343 1,322 1,336 1,443 −1.5 −1.0 −1.3

North Dakota ....................................... 1,098 1,181 1,513 1,537 1,280 1,264 −6.9 −3.8 −1.5

Ohio ..................................................... 289 376 425 435 472 738 −23.2 −11.5 −9.9

Oklahoma............................................. 21 17 17 39 42 32 26.4 −15.4 −4.4

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 821 722 668 828 852 1,162 13.7 −.9 −3.8

Anthracite.......................................... 109 81 45 34 59 52 34.3 16.5 8.5

Bituminous........................................ 712 641 623 794 793 1,109 11.1 −2.7 −4.8

Tennessee............................................. 51 54 62 38 27 101 −4.1 17.8 −7.3

Texas.................................................... 836 797 853 931 1,002 1,059 4.9 −4.4 −2.6

Utah...................................................... 393 258 340 384 405 487 52.1 −.8 −2.4

Virginia ................................................ 188 171 184 215 305 373 10.3 −11.3 −7.3

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 1,576 1,570 1,571 1,660 1,752 2,148 .3 −2.6 −3.4

Northern ............................................ 648 673 709 781 747 1,113 −3.6 −3.5 −5.8

Southern ............................................ 928 898 861 879 1,005 1,035 3.3 −2.0 −1.2

Wyoming ............................................. 5,865 5,980 6,100 6,350 6,197 5,848 −1.9 −1.4 *

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4,202 4,110 4,117 4,404 5,076 6,084 2.2 −4.6 −4.0

Interior Total1 ................................... 2,351 2,501 2,572 2,784 2,994 3,609 −6.0 −5.9 −4.6

Western Total1 .................................. 10,833 11,014 11,550 11,878 11,466 11,699 −1.6 −1.4 −.8

East of Miss. River............................ 5,566 5,665 5,679 6,059 6,822 8,273 −1.7 −4.9 −4.3

West of Miss. River........................... 11,820 11,960 12,560 13,007 12,715 13,119 −1.2 −1.8 −1.1

U.S. Total............................................ 17,386 17,625 18,239 19,066 19,536 21,392 −1.3 −2.9 −2.3

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide these data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

216 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1988, 1993-1997

(Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Origin 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... 1,099,428 1,300,730 1,219,813 1,137,082 955,786 541,167 −15.5 3.6 8.2

Canada .............................................. 1,099,108 1,294,100 1,197,249 1,136,881 953,696 500,982 −15.1 3.6 9.1

Guatemala ......................................... − − − − 4 −− −100.0 −

Mexico .............................................. 320 6,630 196 201 2,086 40,185 −95.2 −37.4 −41.5

Netherlands Antilles ......................... − − 22,368 − − −− − −

South America Total......................... 4,201,364 3,619,341 4,157,892 4,463,532 4,912,696 1,295,440 16.1 −3.8 14.0

Argentina .......................................... 12 − − − − −− − −

Colombia........................................... 2,827,805 2,292,279 2,482,908 3,075,043 3,734,915 1,111,452 23.4 −6.7 10.9

Venezuela.......................................... 1,373,547 1,327,062 1,674,984 1,388,489 1,177,781 183,988 3.5 3.9 25.0

Europe Total ...................................... 24,163 2,369 474 36 56 1,029 NM 355.8 42.0

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 5,458 2,243 −−−− 143.3 − −

Denmark............................................ − − 214 − 54 161 − −100.0 −100.0

Germany, FR .................................... 18 − − − − 181 − −−22.6

Netherlands ....................................... − − − − − 290 − −−100.0

Norway.............................................. 18,491 − − − − −− − −

Poland ............................................... − − − 36 2 −− −100.0 −

Spain ................................................. − 90 − − − 112 −100.0 − −100.0

Switzerland ....................................... 182 − − − − −− − −

Turkey............................................... − 36 − − − − −100.0 − −

United Kingdom ............................... 14 − 260 − − 285 − −−28.4

Asia Total ........................................... 1,324,946 1,392,520 923,980 1,046,493 642,359 38,275 −4.8 19.8 48.3

China (Mainland).............................. 1,820 − 48 101 − −− − −

Hong Kong ....................................... − 1 − − − 2 −100.0 − −100.0

Indonesia........................................... 1,293,569 1,392,517 923,908 1,025,543 642,359 − −7.1 19.1 −

Japan ................................................. − 2 24 1 − 38,273 −100.0 − −100.0

Vietnam ............................................. 29,557 − − 20,848 − −− − −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 141,988 149,498 230,554 91,002 95,664 60,047 −5.0 10.4 10.0

Australia............................................ 104,789 149,498 192,054 83,646 90,787 60,047 −29.9 3.6 6.4

New Zealand..................................... 37,199 − 38,500 7,356 4,877 − − 66.2 −

Africa Total........................................ − − − 141,931 23,967 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ −−− 135,849 18,433 −− −100.0 −

Swaziland.......................................... − − − 6,082 5,534 −− −100.0 −

Total .................................................... 6,791,889 6,464,458 6,532,713 6,880,076 6,630,528 1,935,958 5.1 .6 15.0

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 217 
Table B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Metric Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... 2.17 2.00 2.03 2.04 2.14 1.84 8.4 0.3 1.8

Alaska .................................................. 5.82 6.18 6.77 6.30 6.71 7.36 −5.8 −3.5 −2.6

Arizona ................................................ 6.16 5.72 5.75 6.08 5.63 5.85 7.7 2.3 .6

Arkansas .............................................. 1.76 − 1.33 1.38 1.26 6.96 − 8.8 −14.1

California ............................................. − − − − − 13.55 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 6.97 6.64 5.57 5.62 5.30 3.57 4.9 7.1 7.7

Illinois .................................................. 3.81 3.79 3.51 3.26 2.93 2.43 .3 6.8 5.1

Indiana ................................................. 4.84 4.52 4.24 3.88 4.04 3.19 7.0 4.6 4.7

Iowa ..................................................... − − − 1.38 .65 1.41 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 3.46 1.97 2.01 1.75 2.09 1.33 76.3 13.5 11.3

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.58 3.45 3.24 2.95 2.94 2.49 3.6 5.0 4.1

Eastern .............................................. 3.48 3.34 3.14 2.94 2.88 2.43 4.2 4.8 4.1

Western ............................................. 3.97 3.89 3.60 2.97 3.16 2.68 2.0 5.8 4.5

Louisiana.............................................. 9.93 9.86 12.02 11.79 11.02 14.52 .7 −2.6 −4.1

Maryland.............................................. 3.56 3.74 3.46 3.34 3.10 2.76 −4.8 3.6 2.9

Missouri ............................................... 2.89 3.16 2.31 3.26 1.67 2.43 −8.5 14.7 1.9

Montana ............................................... 21.37 19.85 19.10 19.89 17.68 17.75 7.6 4.8 2.1

New Mexico ........................................ 8.50 7.66 6.27 6.14 6.06 5.87 11.0 8.8 4.2

North Dakota ....................................... 16.17 15.61 15.24 17.09 16.02 14.18 3.6 .2 1.5

Ohio ..................................................... 3.65 3.59 3.29 3.10 3.14 2.17 1.6 3.8 5.9

Oklahoma............................................. 2.28 2.37 2.69 2.43 2.54 1.90 −3.7 −2.7 2.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3.29 3.05 2.93 2.71 2.54 1.91 7.9 6.7 6.2

Anthracite.......................................... 1.60 1.74 1.89 1.75 1.68 1.10 −8.1 −1.2 4.2

Bituminous........................................ 3.53 3.23 3.06 2.82 2.64 1.98 9.3 7.5 6.6

Tennessee............................................. 2.15 1.99 2.14 2.03 2.24 1.43 7.8 −1.0 4.6

Texas.................................................... 9.29 9.19 8.25 8.00 7.63 5.91 1.1 5.0 5.1

Utah...................................................... 5.75 6.56 6.37 5.98 5.41 3.77 −12.3 1.5 4.8

Virginia ................................................ 2.51 2.46 2.27 2.28 2.18 2.10 2.0 3.6 2.0

Washington .......................................... 3.26 3.60 3.67 3.73 3.62 3.24 −9.6 −2.6 *

West Virginia Total............................. 4.05 3.55 3.40 3.35 2.97 2.43 14.1 8.0 5.8

Northern ............................................ 4.06 3.68 3.38 3.29 2.70 2.40 10.5 10.7 6.0

Southern ............................................ 4.04 3.50 3.40 3.37 3.07 2.44 15.5 7.1 5.7

Wyoming ............................................. 31.34 29.08 27.27 23.63 22.19 17.05 7.8 9.0 7.0

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.41 3.16 3.01 2.90 2.73 2.22 8.0 5.8 4.9

Interior Total1 ................................... 5.02 4.89 4.51 4.02 4.01 3.13 2.8 5.8 5.4

Western Total1 .................................. 16.10 15.79 14.22 13.23 12.27 9.98 1.9 7.0 5.4

East of Miss. River............................ 3.53 3.30 3.13 2.98 2.82 2.30 7.1 5.8 4.9

West of Miss. River........................... 14.55 14.21 12.87 11.99 11.01 8.51 2.4 7.2 6.1

U.S. Total............................................ 5.48 5.16 4.88 4.51 4.26 3.22 6.1 6.5 6.1

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide these data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

218 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England...................................... 7,131 6,372 6,043 5,945 5,883 6,382 11.9 4.9 1.2

Connecticut ....................................... 966 845 822 782 715 799 14.4 7.8 2.1

Maine ................................................ 176 212 256 421 407 251 −17.2 −19.0 −3.9

Massachusetts ................................... 4,437 4,062 3,732 3,567 3,457 4,048 9.2 6.4 1.0

New Hampshire ................................ 1,547 1,249 1,229 1,167 1,295 1,115 23.8 4.5 3.7

Rhode Island..................................... 3 3 2 3 3 159 −11.5 −3.0 −36.6

Vermont ............................................ 2 2 3 4 5 10 46.8 −18.8 −14.9

Middle Atlantic .................................. 66,385 64,379 62,108 61,268 63,856 67,724 3.1 1.0 −.2

New Jersey........................................ 2,601 2,179 1,881 1,786 2,135 2,774 19.3 5.0 −.7

New York ......................................... 10,632 10,284 10,036 10,409 10,776 11,753 3.4 −.3 −1.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 53,153 51,915 50,191 49,073 50,945 53,197 2.4 1.1 *

East North Central............................ 212,259 207,746 197,496 193,401 191,082 187,069 2.2 2.7 1.4

Illinois ............................................... 43,201 40,307 35,946 35,450 34,595 30,764 7.2 5.7 3.8

Indiana .............................................. 59,912 58,079 56,818 54,427 54,751 50,648 3.1 2.3 1.9

Michigan ........................................... 32,557 33,288 32,479 32,363 29,226 32,053 −2.2 2.7 .2

Ohio .................................................. 53,463 54,282 51,328 51,447 53,552 55,425 −1.5 * −.4

Wisconsin.......................................... 23,125 21,790 20,925 19,714 18,957 18,178 6.1 5.1 2.7

West North Central........................... 125,333 123,961 118,867 113,935 109,715 102,643 1.1 3.4 2.2

Iowa .................................................. 19,704 19,206 18,721 17,546 17,407 14,618 2.6 3.1 3.4

Kansas............................................... 16,033 17,313 14,987 15,566 15,772 13,563 −7.4 .4 1.9

Minnesota.......................................... 17,315 17,476 17,189 16,991 16,620 15,681 −.9 1.0 1.1

Missouri ............................................ 33,262 31,191 28,806 25,096 21,211 23,694 6.6 11.9 3.8

Nebraska ........................................... 10,170 9,415 9,431 8,437 8,769 7,309 8.0 3.8 3.7

North Dakota .................................... 26,635 27,679 27,431 27,545 27,490 25,427 −3.8 −.8 .5

South Dakota .................................... 2,215 1,680 2,302 2,754 2,445 2,350 31.8 −2.4 −.6

South Atlantic .................................... 154,853 150,180 140,849 137,833 136,604 136,107 3.1 3.2 1.4

Delaware ........................................... 1,692 1,775 1,825 2,020 2,219 2,436 −4.6 −6.5 −4.0

District of Columbia......................... 36 21 5 43 46 28 72.1 −6.0 2.8

Florida............................................... 26,054 25,803 24,064 23,661 23,977 22,313 1.0 2.1 1.7

Georgia.............................................. 29,659 28,266 28,384 26,539 24,567 25,995 4.9 4.8 1.5

Maryland........................................... 10,216 10,311 10,159 9,518 9,315 10,666 −.9 2.3 −.5

North Carolina .................................. 26,860 25,060 21,849 21,121 23,369 18,602 7.2 3.5 4.2

South Carolina .................................. 12,801 12,566 11,139 11,787 11,715 10,829 1.9 2.2 1.9

Virginia ............................................. 13,858 13,592 12,136 11,605 12,323 12,184 1.9 3.0 1.4

West Virginia.................................... 33,677 32,785 31,288 31,540 29,072 33,054 2.7 3.7 .2

East South Central............................ 102,636 100,199 96,008 90,074 94,371 83,306 2.4 2.1 2.3

Alabama ............................................ 33,052 33,613 31,124 28,552 29,980 23,918 −1.7 2.5 3.6

Kentucky........................................... 38,309 37,070 35,849 34,555 35,467 31,911 3.3 1.9 2.0

Mississippi ........................................ 5,691 5,254 4,178 3,887 3,656 4,660 8.3 11.7 2.2

Tennessee.......................................... 25,585 24,262 24,856 23,079 25,268 22,817 5.4 .3 1.3

West South Central........................... 136,394 132,877 126,195 125,419 127,729 115,260 2.6 1.6 1.9

Arkansas............................................ 12,763 13,441 12,284 11,427 10,384 11,389 −5.0 5.3 1.3

Louisiana........................................... 12,586 11,371 12,118 12,791 12,407 11,655 10.7 .3 .8

Oklahoma.......................................... 19,149 18,257 17,777 16,080 17,115 13,613 4.9 2.8 3.9

Texas................................................. 91,895 89,809 84,017 85,121 87,823 78,602 2.3 1.1 1.8

Mountain ............................................ 101,051 97,274 97,906 104,957 100,401 94,774 3.9 .2 .7

Arizona.............................................. 16,515 15,234 15,134 17,763 17,228 13,177 8.4 −1.0 2.5

Colorado............................................ 16,293 15,623 15,395 15,853 15,485 14,388 4.3 1.3 1.4

Idaho ................................................. 327 360 421 484 479 475 −9.2 −9.1 −4.1

Montana ............................................ 8,634 7,286 9,076 10,060 8,389 9,647 18.5 .7 −1.2

Nevada .............................................. 6,750 6,898 6,659 7,229 7,081 7,508 −2.1 −1.2 −1.2

New Mexico ..................................... 14,412 13,877 13,809 13,947 13,619 13,349 3.8 1.4 .8

Utah................................................... 14,445 13,823 13,886 14,711 14,377 13,166 4.5 .1 1.0

Wyoming .......................................... 23,674 24,173 23,526 24,910 23,742 23,065 −2.1 −.1 .3

Pacific.................................................. 8,060 9,079 8,081 11,034 10,362 7,839 −11.2 −6.1 .3

Alaska ............................................... 671 640 740 722 783 250 4.9 −3.8 11.6

California .......................................... 1,936 2,102 2,375 2,266 2,226 2,004 −7.9 −3.4 −.4

Hawaii............................................... 132 154 174 78 66 46 −14.3 18.8 12.5

Oregon .............................................. 832 1,029 1,020 2,249 1,904 160 −19.1 −18.7 20.1

Washington ....................................... 4,489 5,155 3,772 5,718 5,383 5,379 −12.9 −4.4 −2.0

Other Power Producers .................... 19,598 20,175 19,195 19,286 16,454 − −2.9 4.5 −

U.S. Total............................................ 933,701 912,241 872,747 863,151 856,456 801,627 2.4 2.2 1.7

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Regional totals for 1988 may not sum to the U.S. total due to distribution to unknown State.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report; and EIA-867, ‘‘Annual Non-utility Power Producer Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 219 
Table B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ 740 1,176 879 1,013 897 1,032 −37.1 −4.7 −3.6

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − 25 −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − * −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 7,855 8,035 9,346 10,940 11,127 11,612 −2.2 −8.3 −4.3

East North Central Total ................. 28,332 27,955 30,679 32,507 27,363 40,067 1.3 .9 −3.8

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 6,026 7,217 8,435 10,620 7,074 10,422 −16.5 −3.9 −5.9

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 5,737 4,924 5,385 7,090 6,922 7,097 16.5 −4.6 −2.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 4,016 4,045 3,317 3,118 2,896 4,101 −.7 8.5 −.2

West North Central Total ................ 13,456 16,626 16,976 16,072 13,515 19,123 −19.1 −.1 −3.8

Iowa .................................................. 2,671 4,184 4,034 3,790 3,465 4,605 −36.2 −6.3 −5.9

Kansas............................................... 2,085 2,707 3,501 2,380 1,836 3,025 −23.0 3.2 −4.0

Minnesota.......................................... 1,809 1,577 1,800 2,026 1,134 2,423 14.7 12.4 −3.2

Missouri ............................................ 3,494 4,824 4,335 4,145 3,360 4,304 −27.6 1.0 −2.3

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 3,182 3,119 2,965 3,550 3,212 4,467 2.0 −.2 −3.7

Georgia.............................................. 2,184 3,491 3,435 4,394 2,655 5,025 −37.4 −4.8 −8.8

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 1,836 2,423 2,590 3,917 2,776 3,620 −24.2 −9.8 −7.3

South Carolina .................................. 1,833 1,975 1,990 2,298 1,717 1,800 −7.2 1.6 .2

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 2,696 2,593 3,310 3,748 2,538 4,443 3.9 1.5 −5.4

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 1,657 1,361 1,709 1,601 1,703 3,789 21.7 −.7 −8.8

West South Central Total ................ 10,291 18,040 18,656 14,478 13,703 15,652 −42.9 −6.9 −4.5

Arkansas............................................ 865 2,467 2,558 1,612 1,706 1,739 −64.9 −15.6 −7.5

Louisiana........................................... 1,141 2,250 2,422 1,744 1,814 2,584 −49.3 −10.9 −8.7

Oklahoma.......................................... 2,352 3,819 3,852 2,238 1,862 2,561 −38.4 6.0 −.9

Texas................................................. 5,933 9,504 9,824 8,884 8,320 8,768 −37.6 −8.1 −4.2

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona.............................................. 1,283 1,836 2,751 2,941 3,372 3,837 −30.1 −21.5 −11.5

Colorado............................................ 2,246 2,771 3,340 2,853 3,133 3,447 −18.9 −8.0 −4.6

Idaho ................................................. 96 70 107 71 78 115 36.3 5.1 −2.0

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 1,411 2,057 2,664 2,316 1,670 2,611 −31.4 −4.1 −6.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 1,055 1,156 2,346 796 833 1,778 −8.7 6.1 −5.6

Alaska ............................................... * 1 1 2 4 2 −56.2 −48.3 −20.2

California .......................................... 107 136 121 114 84 140 −21.3 6.2 −3.0

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 800 777 1,786 516 416 863 2.9 17.8 −.8

U.S. Total............................................ 96,921 111,564 122,142 123,504 109,278 143,710 −13.1 −2.9 −4.3

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Stocks for Residential and Commercial Sector are not included.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form

EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

220 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... 15,374 12,346 9,444 8,623 8,363 17,846 24.5 16.4 −1.6

Canada1 ............................................ 13,586 10,912 8,552 8,340 8,064 17,447 24.5 13.9 −2.7

Mexico .............................................. 1,722 1,369 790 218 226 276 25.9 66.1 22.6

Other2 ............................................... 66 66 102 65 73 124 .3 −2.6 −6.7

South America Total......................... 7,452 6,808 6,321 5,394 5,216 5,406 9.4 9.3 3.6

Argentina .......................................... 295 276 310 411 476 553 7.1 −11.2 −6.7

Brazil................................................. 6,763 5,933 5,761 4,973 4,715 4,765 14.0 9.4 4.0

Chile.................................................. 132 521 206 * * 51 −74.6 492.9 11.2

Other2 ............................................... 262 79 44 11 25 37 231.7 79.2 24.4

Europe Total ...................................... 37,495 42,813 44,107 32,500 34,088 40,948 −12.4 2.4 −1.0

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 3,918 4,145 4,084 4,455 4,744 5,888 −5.5 −4.7 −4.4

Bulgaria............................................. 1,011 1,258 1,214 1,123 822 − −19.6 5.3 −

Denmark............................................ 318 1,194 1,905 432 305 2,544 −73.4 1.0 −20.6

Finland .............................................. 600 638 1,187 342 229 62 −6.0 27.2 28.7

France................................................ 3,083 3,495 3,319 2,608 3,603 3,903 −11.8 −3.8 −2.6

Germany, FR .................................... 789 957 1,772 293 461 636 −17.5 14.4 2.4

Greece ............................................... * 265 * − * * −99.9 .2 −4.8

Iceland............................................... 49 56 36 7 − 45 −13.3 − .9

Ireland ............................................... 578 694 829 883 894 1,333 −16.8 −10.3 −8.9

Italy ................................................... 6,368 8,350 8,222 6,843 6,276 10,042 −23.7 .4 −4.9

Netherlands ....................................... 4,377 6,403 6,624 4,421 5,046 4,614 −31.6 −3.5 −.6

Norway.............................................. 87 77 109 79 92 244 13.4 −1.1 −10.8

Portugal............................................. 1,334 1,635 1,590 958 1,353 801 −18.4 −.3 5.8

Romania ............................................ 2,035 1,372 1,800 1,409 653 1,372 48.4 32.9 4.5

Spain ................................................. 3,750 3,713 4,221 3,748 3,687 2,306 1.0 .4 5.5

Sweden.............................................. 756 970 1,014 636 668 651 −22.0 3.1 1.7

Turkey............................................... 1,898 1,966 1,825 1,211 1,456 1,836 −3.5 6.8 .4

United Kingdom ............................... 6,518 5,621 4,288 3,051 3,730 3,330 16.0 15.0 7.7

Other2 ............................................... 26 3 71 * 71 1,341 NM −22.3 −35.5

Asia Total ........................................... 13,152 16,311 17,323 16,290 17,690 20,933 −19.4 −7.1 −5.0

China (Taiwan)................................. 2,033 2,215 2,298 3,061 3,117 4,241 −8.2 −10.1 −7.8

Israel.................................................. 538 1,090 690 784 770 221 −50.6 −8.6 10.4

Japan ................................................. 7,234 9,551 10,693 9,215 10,776 12,811 −24.3 −9.5 −6.1

Korea, Republic of ........................... 3,165 3,423 3,640 3,228 3,008 3,574 −7.5 1.3 −1.3

Other2 ............................................... 182 32 2 3 20 87 461.0 74.6 8.6

Oceania & Australia Total............... 11**12 −10.9 −5.8 −9.7

Other2 ............................................... 1 1 * * 1 2 −10.9 −5.8 −9.7

Africa Total........................................ 2,317 3,796 3,133 1,927 2,245 1,069 −38.9 .8 9.0

Algeria .............................................. 240 160 200 322 371 642 49.6 −10.3 −10.4

Egypt................................................. 1,025 941 1,120 951 788 391 8.9 6.8 11.3

Morocco ............................................ 129 1,497 1,099 76 533 36 −91.4 −29.9 15.4

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 895 1,197 713 578 515 − −25.2 14.8 −

Other2 ............................................... 28 −−− 38 * − −7.3 97.2

Total .................................................... 75,791 82,075 80,329 64,735 67,603 86,203 −7.6 2.9 −1.4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons (45,359 metric tons) in 1996.

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 221 
Table B10. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change State and Region 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Alabama............................................... $42.41 $43.52 $42.38 $44.22 $46.67 $45.44 −2.5 −2.4 −0.8

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w − wwww − w w

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. $20.35 $19.77 $21.23 $21.78 $22.44 $25.45 2.9 −2.4 −2.4

Illinois .................................................. 23.63 25.07 25.41 25.50 27.86 31.47 −5.7 −4.0 −3.1

Indiana ................................................. 21.62 22.31 23.93 24.56 25.23 26.78 −3.1 −3.8 −2.3

Iowa ..................................................... − − − www −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... $26.14 $26.36 $27.33 $27.42 $27.31 $28.88 −.8 −1.1 −1.1

Eastern .............................................. 27.17 27.54 28.66 27.83 28.11 29.73 −1.3 −.8 −1.0

Western ............................................. 22.59 22.47 22.88 26.05 24.64 26.42 .5 −2.1 −1.7

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. $25.63 $26.90 $27.22 $29.04 $27.79 $28.21 −4.7 −2.0 −1.0

Missouri ............................................... 18.60 25.70 20.84 24.01 w w −27.6 w w

Montana ............................................... 10.85 10.98 10.61 11.46 $12.18 $11.09 −1.2 −2.8 −.2

New Mexico ........................................ 24.06 27.18 26.24 25.68 25.31 25.11 −11.5 −1.3 −.5

North Dakota ....................................... 8.89 8.83 8.81 8.40 8.41 8.13 .6 1.4 1.0

Ohio ..................................................... 26.08 27.39 28.62 32.11 30.91 33.62 −4.8 −4.2 −2.8

Oklahoma............................................. 29.02 29.25 26.60 28.18 27.46 34.23 −.8 1.4 −1.8

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 28.64 28.42 29.52 28.86 29.21 32.96 .8 −.5 −1.5

Anthracite.......................................... 38.71 40.54 43.85 39.76 36.31 48.68 −4.5 1.6 −2.5

Bituminous........................................ 28.01 27.54 28.41 28.05 28.70 32.23 1.7 −.6 −1.5

Tennessee............................................. 29.80 30.63 29.70 29.95 30.01 29.52 −2.7 −.2 .1

Texas.................................................... 13.40 13.41 13.41 13.65 14.19 12.51 −.1 −1.4 .8

Utah...................................................... 19.41 23.85 21.06 21.24 22.94 24.72 −18.6 −4.1 −2.6

Virginia ................................................ 31.13 31.36 31.38 29.59 29.55 29.20 −.7 1.3 .7

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. $29.37 $29.30 $29.96 $30.23 $30.40 $31.11 .2 −.8 −.6

Northern ............................................ 28.51 27.41 27.46 29.51 30.96 30.96 4.0 −2.0 −.9

Southern ............................................ 29.65 30.00 30.94 30.54 30.20 31.19 −1.1 −.5 −.6

Wyoming ............................................. 6.62 7.06 7.25 7.53 8.06 10.09 −6.3 −4.8 −4.6

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 29.26 29.52 30.25 30.16 30.47 31.84 −.9 −1.0 −.9

Interior Total1 ................................... 19.75 20.29 20.73 21.90 22.08 24.28 −2.7 −2.7 −2.3

Western Total1 .................................. 10.50 11.06 11.19 11.65 12.28 13.48 −5.0 −3.8 −2.7

East of Miss. River............................ 27.99 28.33 29.04 29.15 29.56 31.15 −1.2 −1.3 −1.2

West of Miss. River........................... 10.93 11.46 11.56 12.03 12.68 13.73 −4.6 −3.6 −2.5

U.S. Total............................................ 19.99 20.39 20.76 21.40 21.88 24.33 −1.9 −2.2 −2.1

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. A measure

of dispersion of these average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam,

and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide these

data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

222 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ $48.14 $48.01 $47.78 $47.19 $47.78 $50.25 0.3 0.2 −0.5

Connecticut ....................................... 55.14 55.17 54.37 51.20 49.38 66.22 * 2.8 −2.0

Massachusetts ................................... 47.09 47.00 47.00 47.40 47.83 46.58 .2 −.4 .1

New Hampshire ................................ 46.98 46.55 45.93 43.72 46.73 52.23 .9 .1 −1.2

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 37.91 38.67 38.17 40.04 40.41 40.70 −2.0 −1.6 −.8

New Jersey........................................ 50.65 50.18 52.00 53.45 52.36 50.43 .9 −.8 *

New York ......................................... 41.14 40.95 40.63 41.49 42.58 44.67 .4 −.9 −.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 36.69 37.55 36.91 39.01 39.39 39.27 −2.3 −1.8 −.8

East North Central Total ................. 30.52 31.18 32.70 33.69 34.15 39.35 −2.1 −2.8 −2.8

Illinois ............................................... 33.52 35.43 35.91 36.04 38.92 44.68 −5.4 −3.7 −3.1

Indiana .............................................. 26.84 27.20 28.59 29.54 29.47 34.21 −1.3 −2.3 −2.6

Michigan ........................................... 31.89 32.34 34.12 36.26 36.57 44.97 −1.4 −3.4 −3.7

Ohio .................................................. 34.62 35.61 37.96 38.25 37.54 39.92 −2.8 −2.0 −1.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 22.52 21.55 23.40 25.50 25.31 31.29 4.5 −2.9 −3.6

West North Central Total ................ 16.96 17.12 17.75 18.47 18.60 22.17 −.9 −2.3 −2.9

Iowa .................................................. 17.89 17.96 18.88 19.17 19.32 25.07 −.4 −1.9 −3.7

Kansas............................................... 19.74 19.30 19.66 19.68 19.49 24.52 2.3 .3 −2.4

Minnesota.......................................... 21.47 20.94 22.18 22.14 22.12 23.05 2.5 −.7 −.8

Missouri ............................................ 18.52 19.08 20.00 23.58 26.90 31.70 −2.9 −8.9 −5.8

Nebraska ........................................... 11.09 13.64 14.18 14.45 14.24 15.98 −18.7 −6.1 −4.0

North Dakota .................................... 11.25 10.71 10.64 10.23 10.34 10.21 5.0 2.1 1.1

South Dakota .................................... 17.62 18.67 15.82 14.44 14.66 16.96 −5.6 4.7 .4

South Atlantic Total.......................... 40.05 40.43 42.17 43.57 44.98 45.79 −.9 −2.8 −1.5

Delaware ........................................... 45.25 45.76 46.60 46.28 48.53 51.37 −1.1 −1.7 −1.4

Florida............................................... 46.10 46.74 48.42 48.18 48.04 48.67 −1.4 −1.0 −.6

Georgia.............................................. 41.09 40.28 42.57 43.89 47.72 46.88 2.0 −3.7 −1.4

Maryland........................................... 42.71 42.43 42.99 43.92 44.95 44.22 .7 −1.3 −.4

North Carolina .................................. 38.97 40.65 44.72 46.04 46.69 49.22 −4.1 −4.4 −2.6

South Carolina .................................. 41.02 41.38 42.83 43.92 44.28 49.19 −.9 −1.9 −2.0

Virginia ............................................. 38.56 39.38 40.68 40.84 41.41 43.78 −2.1 −1.8 −1.4

West Virginia.................................... 33.82 34.09 34.84 38.25 39.05 39.63 −.8 −3.5 −1.7

East South Central Total.................. 31.64 32.35 33.16 35.75 36.71 38.97 −2.2 −3.6 −2.3

Alabama ............................................ 39.22 40.11 40.78 44.55 46.91 52.21 −2.2 −4.4 −3.1

Kentucky........................................... 26.68 26.93 28.34 29.94 30.08 30.43 −.9 −2.9 −1.4

Mississippi ........................................ 35.76 36.71 37.92 39.18 44.66 50.58 −2.6 −5.4 −3.8

Tennessee.......................................... 29.40 30.46 30.80 33.75 34.11 35.46 −3.5 −3.6 −2.1

West South Central Total ................ 21.70 22.19 22.78 22.91 24.40 25.44 −2.2 −2.9 −1.8

Arkansas............................................ 31.48 28.83 30.85 30.76 32.52 30.28 9.2 −.8 .4

Louisiana........................................... 26.42 27.27 27.70 27.61 28.27 28.08 −3.1 −1.7 −.7

Oklahoma.......................................... 17.50 18.51 18.74 19.29 23.50 29.12 −5.5 −7.1 −5.5

Texas................................................. 20.61 21.24 21.66 21.86 23.05 23.70 −3.0 −2.8 −1.5

Mountain Total.................................. 23.72 24.05 23.71 24.07 24.37 23.51 −1.4 −.7 .1

Arizona.............................................. 31.91 32.57 31.59 31.15 30.63 32.99 −2.0 1.0 −.4

Colorado............................................ 21.97 22.31 22.85 23.16 23.80 22.97 −1.5 −2.0 −.5

Montana ............................................ 12.69 13.12 12.64 12.99 12.98 10.25 −3.2 −.6 2.4

Nevada .............................................. 34.28 33.55 31.99 35.68 35.64 33.30 2.1 −1.0 .3

New Mexico ..................................... 26.71 28.71 28.21 28.08 27.12 23.42 −6.9 −.4 1.5

Utah................................................... 27.80 27.18 27.85 28.77 30.13 32.05 2.3 −2.0 −1.6

Wyoming .......................................... 15.61 15.76 15.75 15.53 15.47 16.21 −1.0 .2 −.4

Pacific Total ....................................... 27.77 26.42 25.16 24.18 23.75 28.00 5.1 4.0 −.1

Oregon .............................................. 21.99 20.73 20.72 21.14 21.77 26.13 6.1 .3 −1.9

Washington ....................................... 28.82 27.46 26.17 25.27 24.35 28.08 5.0 4.3 .3

U.S. Total............................................ 28.83 29.16 29.77 30.89 31.51 33.78 −1.1 −2.2 −1.7

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 223 
Table B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census

Division and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

New England Total............................ $69.95 $63.22 $62.72 $61.44 $63.75 $69.59 10.6 2.3 *

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − − w −− −

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... $45.77 $44.21 $46.19 $46.52 $46.47 $47.21 3.5 −.4 −0.3

Pennsylvania ..................................... 37.69 37.30 37.56 37.10 37.53 39.87 1.1 .1 −.6

East North Central Total ................. 36.96 37.96 38.45 38.27 38.07 39.62 −2.6 −.7 −.8

Illinois ............................................... 32.80 32.72 32.00 32.11 32.43 34.37 .2 .3 −.5

Indiana .............................................. 32.80 35.01 36.53 34.56 34.07 36.59 −6.3 −.9 −1.2

Michigan ........................................... 46.23 45.50 45.39 45.42 45.70 47.43 1.6 .3 −.3

Ohio .................................................. 37.53 38.89 38.78 39.40 38.38 37.58 −3.5 −.6 *

Wisconsin.......................................... 44.12 44.12 44.32 45.45 45.02 47.17 * −.5 −.7

West North Central Total ................ 20.97 21.00 20.86 20.52 19.84 19.02 −.1 1.4 1.1

Iowa .................................................. 31.88 32.32 32.23 31.44 30.87 36.20 −1.4 .8 −1.4

Kansas............................................... 35.20 35.78 35.74 35.55 36.44 34.33 −1.6 −.9 .3

Minnesota.......................................... 34.21 31.80 37.92 39.31 39.47 38.85 7.6 −3.5 −1.4

Missouri ............................................ 33.14 34.58 36.17 36.24 35.40 32.41 −4.2 −1.6 .2

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... $25.74 $27.45 $24.48 $24.01 $17.16 $16.02 −6.2 10.7 5.4

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... $49.75 $50.36 $51.41 $51.37 $53.22 $50.87 −1.2 −1.7 −.2

Georgia.............................................. 49.42 48.73 49.21 50.39 49.82 48.24 1.4 −.2 .3

Maryland........................................... 35.95 35.85 34.90 35.47 35.47 36.18 .3 .3 −.1

North Carolina .................................. 47.55 47.80 47.72 48.08 47.89 48.01 −.5 −.2 −.1

South Carolina .................................. 48.75 48.59 47.58 48.32 47.78 46.10 .3 .5 .6

Virginia ............................................. 48.33 47.96 46.85 45.82 45.49 42.29 .8 1.5 1.5

West Virginia.................................... 38.92 36.78 37.05 36.07 36.28 34.15 5.8 1.8 1.5

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ $44.31 $44.26 $43.58 $42.70 $43.00 $43.38 .1 .8 .2

Kentucky........................................... 49.28 48.52 48.60 47.64 46.63 48.32 1.6 1.4 .2

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... $40.05 $38.82 $39.33 $38.96 $39.04 $38.17 3.2 .6 .5

West South Central Total ................ 24.71 24.02 24.29 25.29 23.57 26.44 2.9 1.2 −.7

Arkansas............................................ 46.71 47.67 47.97 48.81 48.57 49.86 −2.0 −1.0 −.7

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas................................................. $22.19 $20.93 $20.68 $21.54 $19.38 $20.30 6.0 3.4 1.0

Mountain Total.................................. 29.91 29.44 29.83 31.73 31.43 31.40 1.6 −1.2 −.5

Arizona.............................................. 42.78 43.29 44.60 45.58 44.65 42.09 −1.2 −1.1 .2

Colorado............................................ 27.70 25.54 28.78 31.92 31.56 31.83 8.5 −3.2 −1.5

Idaho ................................................. 38.10 40.11 37.60 36.76 36.13 35.88 −5.0 1.3 .7

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... $21.25 $21.06 $21.76 $29.29 $29.23 $28.08 .9 −7.6 −3.0

Wyoming .......................................... 26.11 24.61 25.05 25.21 25.83 27.48 6.1 .3 −.6

Pacific Total ....................................... 47.67 46.79 48.15 49.51 48.31 49.30 1.9 −.3 −.4

California .......................................... 44.25 43.58 45.32 47.83 47.25 49.21 1.5 −1.6 −1.2

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... $65.92 $64.83 $65.20 $64.89 $58.54 $53.78 1.7 3.0 2.3

U.S. Total............................................ 35.72 35.63 35.74 35.88 35.53 36.85 .3 .1 −.3

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

224 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division

and State, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change

1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... $50.93 $49.79 $50.83 $50.98 $51.16 $47.52 2.3 −0.1 0.8

East North Central Total ................. 54.15 54.61 54.12 52.06 54.58 56.46 −.8 −.2 −.5

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. $55.94 $57.25 $58.13 $56.11 $57.64 $59.81 −2.3 −.7 −.7

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. $51.69 $49.58 $46.50 $46.32 $49.68 $51.06 4.2 1.0 .1

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − w −− −

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ $55.16 $54.42 $53.38 $52.31 $52.36 $50.19 1.3 1.3 1.0

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w −− −

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ $52.48 $52.17 $52.18 $51.32 $52.30 $52.58 .6 .1 *

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 225 
Table B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of

Origin, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Origin 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... $42.01 $38.46 $38.72 $33.96 $32.63 $29.61 9.2 6.5 4.0

Canada .............................................. 42.01 38.47 38.72 33.96 32.65 29.44 9.2 6.5 4.0

Mexico .............................................. − 36.85 − − 23.35 31.46 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

South America Total......................... 35.81 34.44 36.11 31.97 30.46 30.07 4.0 4.1 1.9

Colombia........................................... 35.40 34.61 34.33 30.27 30.04 30.30 2.3 4.2 1.7

Venezuela.......................................... 36.66 34.14 38.74 35.73 31.82 28.76 7.4 3.6 2.7

Europe Total ...................................... 54.25 − 28.27 − 35.65 39.88 − 11.1 3.5

Denmark............................................ − − − − 35.65 39.88 − −100.0 −100.0

Norway.............................................. 54.51 − − − − −− − −

Switzerland ....................................... 45.51 − − − − −− − −

United Kingdom ............................... − − 28.27 − − −− − −

Asia Total ........................................... 36.43 35.77 38.73 37.58 47.07 − 1.8 −6.2 −

Indonesia........................................... 36.18 35.77 38.73 37.26 47.07 − 1.1 −6.4 −

Vietnam ............................................. 54.11 − − 53.00 − −− − −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 36.89 36.83 37.00 34.35 34.79 32.12 .2 1.5 1.5

Australia............................................ 36.89 36.83 34.16 33.09 34.79 32.12 .2 1.5 1.5

New Zealand..................................... − − 51.17 48.67 − −− − −

Africa Total........................................ − − − 27.92 30.66 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ −−− 27.92 − −− − −

Swaziland.......................................... − − − − 30.66 −− −100.0 −

Total1 .................................................. 36.93 35.46 36.97 33.08 32.46 30.02 4.1 3.3 2.3

U.S. Total2.......................................... 37.83 36.87 37.62 33.30 32.94 33.02 2.6 3.5 1.5

1 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within

the range of $20 to $55 per short ton ($18.14 to $49.90 per metric ton), inclusively.

2 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports.

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

226 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1988, 1993-1997

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1988 Change of Destination 1996-1997 1993-1997 1988-1997

North America Total......................... $33.70 $36.48 $37.53 $35.73 $37.53 $45.75 −7.6 −2.6 −3.3

Canada1 ............................................ 32.15 35.53 36.92 35.36 37.22 45.82 −9.5 −3.6 −3.9

Mexico .............................................. 45.53 43.77 44.05 48.81 48.55 45.26 4.0 −1.6 .1

Other2 ............................................... 41.97 41.92 37.80 39.22 37.23 37.60 .1 3.0 1.2

South America Total......................... 48.44 48.29 47.90 46.61 48.25 48.93 .3 .1 −.1

Argentina .......................................... 52.57 51.11 47.84 46.83 47.63 48.18 2.9 2.5 1.0

Brazil................................................. 48.64 49.25 48.37 46.59 48.32 49.04 −1.2 .2 −.1

Chile.................................................. 35.54 35.69 34.94 38.12 51.59 51.80 −.4 −8.9 −4.1

Other2 ............................................... 44.98 43.19 47.87 45.04 43.50 28.97 4.1 .8 5.0

Europe Total ...................................... 47.42 46.41 45.10 46.14 47.45 46.30 2.2 * .3

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 50.38 50.41 47.92 46.55 47.65 46.66 * 1.4 .8

Bulgaria............................................. 51.17 48.79 48.54 46.40 46.25 − 4.9 2.5 −

Denmark............................................ 34.97 32.29 32.37 32.22 38.53 33.17 8.3 −2.4 .6

Finland .............................................. 45.89 46.42 43.51 45.34 43.66 46.00 −1.1 1.3 *

France................................................ 50.66 49.53 48.19 48.76 46.56 48.31 2.3 2.1 .5

Germany, FR .................................... 49.15 45.28 38.57 49.97 42.97 49.02 8.6 3.4 *

Greece ............................................... 44.95 37.42 44.76 − 44.91 44.14 20.1 * .2

Iceland............................................... 65.40 63.38 61.78 41.89 − 58.69 3.2 − 1.2

Ireland ............................................... 41.88 41.17 39.76 37.28 39.51 45.33 1.7 1.5 −.9

Italy ................................................... 50.19 49.66 48.66 47.40 48.86 47.09 1.1 .7 .7

Netherlands ....................................... 49.57 45.59 46.26 46.22 48.75 44.50 8.7 .4 1.2

Norway.............................................. 64.35 62.89 62.19 60.16 58.95 48.11 2.3 2.2 3.3

Portugal............................................. 40.52 40.26 40.18 39.96 41.56 42.97 .6 −.6 −.6

Romania ............................................ 49.14 51.76 46.77 42.00 42.48 48.01 −5.0 3.7 .3

Spain ................................................. 40.79 41.41 38.30 44.23 47.02 49.79 −1.5 −3.5 −2.2

Sweden.............................................. 53.13 52.36 53.14 50.22 50.66 49.01 1.4 1.2 .9

Turkey............................................... 50.78 48.86 46.97 45.51 46.94 47.70 3.9 2.0 .7

United Kingdom ............................... 43.32 42.88 45.11 49.67 50.64 49.13 1.0 −3.8 −1.4

Other2 ............................................... 37.99 38.65 41.95 45.09 43.65 47.26 −1.7 −3.4 −2.4

Asia Total ........................................... 43.79 43.62 43.10 42.58 44.63 46.21 .4 −.5 −.6

China (Taiwan)................................. 40.51 40.63 40.73 42.60 43.53 44.33 −.3 −1.8 −1.0

Israel.................................................. 40.58 40.12 39.45 36.63 38.35 40.69 1.1 1.4 *

Japan ................................................. 42.99 43.44 43.14 42.47 44.88 46.65 −1.0 −1.1 −.9

Korea, Republic of ........................... 48.48 47.10 45.17 44.35 46.43 46.93 2.9 1.1 .4

Other2 ............................................... 40.05 53.89 33.52 41.05 48.75 59.15 −25.7 −4.8 −4.2

Oceania & Australia Total............... 44.93 44.89 43.82 44.04 37.99 42.19 .1 4.3 .7

Other2 ............................................... 44.93 44.89 43.82 44.04 37.99 42.19 .1 4.3 .7

Africa Total........................................ 53.46 48.90 47.47 48.05 46.90 48.37 9.3 3.3 1.1

Algeria .............................................. 51.41 55.37 52.69 47.66 48.85 48.85 −7.1 1.3 .6

Egypt................................................. 56.54 58.83 54.42 47.55 49.45 48.65 −3.9 3.4 1.7

Morocco ............................................ 33.81 37.40 36.37 38.62 37.32 36.75 −9.6 −2.4 −.9

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 53.64 54.61 52.23 50.34 51.67 − −1.8 .9 −

Other2 ............................................... 43.29 −−− 44.68 44.00 − −.8 −.2

Total3 .................................................. 44.36 44.67 44.13 43.98 45.55 46.36 −.7 −.7 −.5

U.S. Total4.......................................... 44.70 44.93 44.39 44.02 45.65 46.55 −.5 −.5 −.4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1996.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton ($18.14 to $54.43 per metric ton), inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 227 
Appendix C

References

Figure C1. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States 

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 229 
Coal-Producing Regions

Appalachian

Alabama, Georgia, Eastern Kentucky, Maryland,

Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West

Virginia.

Interior

Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Western

Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas.

Western

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New

Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.

Table C1. Classification of Coals by Rank

230 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Coal Reports and Feature

Articles

Coal Reports

• Weekly Coal Production, DOE/EIA-0218 (97-35).

• Coal Data: A Reference, DOE/EIA-0064 (93),

February 1995.

• State Coal Profiles, DOE/EIA-0576, January

1994.

• Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121(98/1Q).

• The Changing Structure of the U.S. Coal Industry:

An Update, DOE/EIA-0513(93), July 1993.

• U.S. Coal Reserves: A Review and Update

DOE/EIA-0529(95), August 1996.

• Annual Energy Outlook 1998,

DOA/EIA-0383(98), December 1997.

• Energy Policy Transportation Rate Study, Interim

Report on Coal Transportation DOE/EIA-0549,

September 1991.

• Electric Power Monthly, DOE/EIA-0226(98/08),

August 1998.

• Electric Power Annual, DOE/EIA-0348(96), Vol.

2, February 1998.

• Longwall Mining, DOE/EIA-TR-0588 March

1995.

• Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0035(98/08)

August 1998.

• Short-Term Energy Outlook: Quarterly

Projections January 1998,

DOE/EIA-0202(98/1Q), January 1998.

• Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility

Plants 1997, DOE/EIA-0191(97), May 1998.

Feature Articles

• "U.S. Coal Supply and Demand: 1997 Review,"

Mining Engineering, May 1998, Vol.50,No.5,

May 1998, pp.60-68.

• "Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal,"

Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121 (94/1Q),

August 1994.

• "Federal and Indian Coal Lands: A Growing

Source of Energy and Revenue," Coal Production

1992, DOE/EIA-0118(92), October 1993.

• "Coal Supply and Demand in 1993: A Review,

1993," Mining Engineering, May 1994,

pp.433-436.

• "Wyoming Coal: An Overview," Coal Production

1991, DOE/EIA-0118(91), October 1992.

• "Profile of New Coal Mines in the 1980's," Coal

Production 1990, DOE/EIA-0118), September

1991.

• "The Comparability of Resource and Reserve

Data for Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, and

Uranium," Quarterly Coal Report OctoberDecember 1994, DOE/EIA-0121 (94/4Q) May

1995.

• "Annual Review 1995: Coal Overview," Mining

Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 5, May 1996, pp.

41-46.

• "Coal Geology, Reserves and Production in

Northern and Central Appalachia," Mining Engineering, Special Edition, December 1995.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 231 
Appendix D

Explanatory Notes

Data Sources

All data in this report were collected by the Energy

Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department

of Energy (DOE), except: import and export data,

which were collected by the Bureau of the Census

(Census Bureau), U.S. Department of Commerce; supplemental export data which were collected by King's

Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee;

Federal and Indian land leasing data which were collected by the U.S. Department of the Interior (Bureau

of Land Management and Minerals Management

Service); and miner injury and fatality data which

were collected by the U.S. Department of Labor

(Mine Safety and Health Administration).

Coal Surveys

As early as the 1880's, the U.S. Geological Survey

began collecting coal data under a voluntary reporting

system. The responsibility for gathering this information was transferred to the Bureau of Mines in the

1920's, initially under the U.S. Department of Commerce and later under the U.S. Department of the

Interior, which published the data in its Minerals

Yearbook. Except for a brief period from 1937 to

1943, when bituminous coal data were collected under

the mandatory authority of the Bituminous Coal Act,

the Bureau of Mines continued to conduct voluntary

coal surveys until the Department of Energy was

created.

Coal Production Report (Form EIA-7A)

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) began

collecting annual coal production data on October 1,

1977. The 1997 coal production and identification

data in this report were collected on Form EIA-7A,

"Coal Production Report," from companies that

produced, processed, or prepared coal in 1997. All

other data collected on Form EIA-7A are reported for

only those companies that owned a mining operation

that produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 short

tons or more of coal in 1997 and preparation plants

with 5,000 or more employee hours.

So that the EIA may fulfill its data collection functions as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), response to

this survey is mandatory. EIA compares respondents

to this survey with lists of mining operations maintained by various State coal mining/licensing agencies

and the Mine Safety and Health Administration

(MSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, to identify new

respondents. No sampling procedures are used. In

1997, there were 2,033 mining operations that

produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 or more short

tons of coal. Of these mining operations, 75.6 percent

(1,572) responded to the EIA-7A survey. In 1997,

there were 1,547 mines that produced 10,000 or more

short tons of coal. Of these mines, 76.1 percent

(1,177) responded to the EIA-7A survey; they

accounted for 1,061 million short tons, or 97.3 percent

of the 1997 production total. All of the data were collected by mail and were edited to ensure that they

were complete and accurate.

As in all surveys, data from Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," are subject to various sources of

error: (1) coverage (the list of respondents may not be

complete or, on the other hand, there may be double

counting), (2) nonresponse (all units that are surveyed

may not respond or may not provide all the information requested), (3) respondents (respondents may

commit errors in reporting the data), (4) processing

(the data collection agency may lose or incorrectly

transcribe the submissions), (5) concept (the data collection elements may not measure the items they were

intended to measure), and (6) adjustment (errors may

be made in estimating values for missing data).

Because the annual coal production survey (Form

EIA-7A) is not a sample survey, the estimates shown

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 233 
Table D1. Sources of Data for Total U.S. Coal Production and Number of Mining Operations

(Thousand Short Tons)

Received Generated Data Sources Total

Derived From

Coal-Producing Form EIA-7A Mine Safety and

State Health Administration Data Number of Production

Operations

 Number of Number of Production Production Operations Operations

Alabama ............................. 49 24,100 14 368 63 24,468

Alaska ................................. 1 1,450 − − 1 1,450

Arizona ............................... 3 11,723 − − 3 11,723

Arkansas ............................. − − 3 18 3 18

Colorado ............................. 19 27,449 − − 19 27,449

Illinois ................................. 31 41,129 2 30 33 41,159

Indiana ................................ 41 35,479 1 19 42 35,497

Kansas ................................ 2 268 1 91 3 360

Kentucky Total................... 488 143,904 195 11,949 683 155,853

Eastern ............................. 437 110,482 184 10,436 621 120,918

Western ............................ 51 33,422 11 1,513 62 34,936

Louisiana ............................ 2 3,545 − − 2 3,545

Maryland ............................ 16 4,141 3 18 19 4,160

Missouri .............................. 3 396 1 5 4 401

Montana .............................. 7 40,997 1 8 8 41,005

New Mexico....................... 6 27,025 − − 6 27,025

North Dakota...................... 5 29,579 2 1 7 29,580

Ohio .................................... 79 28,479 20 675 99 29,154

Oklahoma ........................... 9 1,614 2 7 11 1,621

Pennsylvania Total............. 324 73,702 189 2,496 513 76,198

Anthracite ........................ 86 3,234 95 1,444 181 4,678

Bituminous ...................... 238 70,468 94 1,052 332 71,520

Tennessee ........................... 35 3,030 7 270 42 3,300

Texas .................................. 12 53,328 − − 12 53,328

Utah .................................... 13 26,104 2 579 15 26,683

Virginia ............................... 158 29,461 89 6,376 247 35,837

Washington ......................... 3 4,495 − − 3 4,495

West Virginia Total ........... 360 167,604 118 6,139 478 173,743

Northern ........................... 77 41,128 32 1,674 109 42,802

Southern ........................... 283 126,476 86 4,465 369 130,941

Wyoming ............................ 25 281,881 − − 25 281,881

U.S. Total .......................... 1,691 1,060,883 650 29,049 2,341 1,089,932

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge production except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Number of mining operations includes preparation plants. All available State mining agency production data were reviewed, but none were included in this report because production data reported on Form EIA-7A to the Energy Information Administration and on Form 7000-1 to the Mine Safety and Health Administration were

found to be complete. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

in this report are not subject to sampling error. 1 It is

not possible to present estimates of nonsampling

error, but precautionary steps were taken at each stage

of the survey design to minimize the possible occurrence of these errors. These steps are described below.

The forms are logged within 24 hours of receipt and

assigned to a team of data editors consisting of Coal

Data Systems Branch personnel. The editors screen

the forms for legibility, completeness, and consistency. Names and address changes are updated in the

files. The reported data are compared with data from

previous years and with secondary sources such as

Mine Safety and Health Administration and State

mining agency reports. Inconsistencies are identified

and the respondents contacted for clarification. Computer edits are generated to identify keypunch errors,

errors made by coders, out-of-range codes, and

unlikely data combinations. Errors are corrected to

conform to the data on the submissions or revised

after telephone conversations with company representatives. All changes to reported data are documented.

EIA maintains data from the Form EIA-7A on an

automated database at its computing facility in

Washington, D.C. The survey forms are filed by EIA

identification number organized by State and county.

The survey forms were sent via regular mail in

January with a due date of March 2, 1998. Nonresponse letters were mailed March 11 to those mining

operations that had not submitted their forms. Subsequent to the letter, attempts were made to contact, by

telephone, those nonrespondents whose reported 1996

production was 100,000 short tons or more.

1 Sampling error is a measure of the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than a complete enumeration of units is

surveyed. 

234 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Some forms could not be delivered. Where possible,

address corrections were obtained. Some mining operations that had reported in earlier surveys or operated

only in 1997 were no longer in business. Unobtainable

data were derived from a secondary source: the Form

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," collected by the Mine Safety and

Health Administration. Missing production quantity

data were derived from the secondary source for 604

mines, which produced 29 million short tons, or 2.7

percent of total production. The received and generated data sources for total U.S. coal production are

shown in Table D1. Of the mines whose production

exceeded 10,000 or more short tons, missing production quantity data were derived from the secondary

source for 547 mines, representing 2.6 percent (28.3

million short tons).

Since 1992, California has not reported coal production as the courts determined that the product

mined in that State did not meet the standard classification for coal.

Missing coalbed classification, coalbed thickness,

and coal rank/group data were estimated using State

mining agency production reports, geological data,

and previous years' reports for these mines.

When a mine had a missing production value, its production was multiplied by the county-level average

mine price to estimate the value. County-level average

mine prices were calculated by dividing the total

value for the appropriate disposition (open/captive)

and type of mining (underground or surface) by the

corresponding total production. All missing production was classified as open market unless information was available to classify it as captive. Of those

mines whose production was 10,000 or more short

tons, value data were estimated for 509 mines, representing 6.3 percent (68.7 million short tons) of the production total.

When an underground mine had unreported mining

method, it was assumed that the mining method was

conventional.

Employment data include direct labor hours, number

of production days worked, average length of a production shift, average number of miners per shift, and

average number of shifts per day. Of those mines

whose production exceeded 10,000 or more short tons,

one or more of these data elements were derived from

secondary sources or estimated for 521 mines representing 4.8 percent (52.3 million short tons) of their

production total. Of the mining operations that

produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 or more short

tons, one or more of these data elements were derived

from secondary sources or estimated for 632 mining

operations, or 31.1 percent of the total operations in

this category.

Missing direct labor hours were estimated using

county-level or State-level productivity-per-hour

averages. The averages were calculated by dividing

the total production at the county or State level by

total direct labor hours at the same level for the

appropriate type of mining (underground or surface).

The quantity of production for the mine with missing

data was divided by this productivity average to

derive direct labor hours.

Missing average number of production days worked 

and length of a production shift were derived by using

the corresponding county-level or State-level average

for the appropriate type of mining (underground or

surface).

Missing average number of miners per shift was estimated as the average number of miners working daily.

The average number of miners working daily was calculated by multiplying the average length of a production shift by the number of production days

worked, and then dividing this number into the total

direct labor hours.

Missing average number of shifts per day was estimated as one shift per day.

Missing recoverable coal reserves data were estimated by using the mine's 1996 recoverable reserves

minus the mine's 1997 production. If this calculation

could not be made, the mine's projected production

for 1997 was used. If recoverable coal reserves for

1996 and 1997 and projected production for 1997

were all missing, no estimate was made. In 1997,

recoverable reserves were reported by or estimated for

1,131 mines, representing 1,040 million short tons, or

73.1 percent of the mines whose production exceeded

10,000 or more short tons.

Missing recovery percentage data were estimated by

using 1997 recovery percentage averages at the State

level for the appropriate type of mining (underground

or surface).

Missing productive capacity data were estimated by

assuming productive capacity was equal to 1997 production. If productive capacity was reported as less

than annual production, productive capacity was

equated to 1997 production. There were 557 in-scope

mines with production of 189.7 million short tons for

which 1997 production was used as a proxy for productive capacity, resulting in 100 percent capacity

utilization.

These mines included the MSHA generated mines,

mines with productive capacity less than 1997 production, and mines that did not report productive

capacity and could not be contacted. If these mines

were excluded from the calculation of percent utilization, the U.S. total becomes 78.83 versus 82.20, when

those mines are included.

In 1997, there were 35 mines that produced 2.7

million short tons of refuse bituminous and

subbituminous coal. Those operations are not included

in this report. In 1997, there were 2.3 million short

tons of anthracite refuse produced and included in this

report. An additional 4 million short tons of anthracite

refuse was recovered and used by nonutility power

producers in Pennsylvania is not included in this

report.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 235 
In order to protect the confidentiality of individual

respondent's data, a policy was implemented to ensure

that the reporting of survey data on mine prices and

recoverable reserves in this publication would not

associate those data with a particular company. The

final phase in the data quality assurance and control

procedures is determining which data must be suppressed (withheld) during publication to provide the

necessary confidentiality for mines or companies that

represent a significant portion of a reported data cell.

All withholding analysis is done based upon production volumes. These procedures are performed as

follows:

1. Primary Withholding Based on the Number of

Respondents in a Cell -- All cells with three or

fewer active coal mining operations are suppressed.

2. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule Phase 1

All cells containing between 4 and 10 active coal

mining operations are examined. A cell is suppressed if any single respondent accounts for 75

percent or more of the volume for all respondents

included in that cell.

3. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule Phase 2

All cells in which two active coal mining operations represent 90 percent or more of the volume

for all respondents included in that cell are suppressed.

4. Complementary Suppression -- All tables are

reviewed to identify cells which should have data

withheld to prevent disclosure of already suppressed cells. An example of cells to be withheld

during complementary suppression is underground

price, if the surface price is withheld during

primary or residual suppression. Because the total

price is published, if the underground price is not

withheld, the surface price could be calculated

using the total price, the underground price, and

the underground, surface, and total volumes.

5. Most complementary suppression involves type of

mining considerations. Other complementary suppression is based on regional level data. A State

or region must be withheld during complementary

suppression because an already withheld State

could be calculated using other States and the

regional total. Cells are also selected for complementary suppression that represent the smallest

volumes or that were withheld in prior years.

6. Inter-table effects are also examined regarding

complementary suppression. For example, States

that are withheld in one State table can influence

the complementary suppression of an associated

State table. This analysis is very similar to that

done at the regional level, except that two tables

are involved rather than one. Finally, similar

tables are reviewed to ensure that all like suppressed cells are consistently withheld (suppressed) in all tables in which they appear.

The withholding/suppression of data is performed as

an adjunct to the quality assurance (QA) procedures.

The work is performed by survey editors, and the QA

staff and is reviewed by the survey manager before

being submitted to division-level QA review.

All sensitive cells identified in withholding analysis

are denoted with the symbol/letter "w." The use of the

symbol/letter applies to primary, complementary and

inter-table suppressions as well as all withheld data.

The symbol/letter "w" is footnoted as follows: "w

Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company

data."

The interquartile range is a measure of dispersion of

State-level average mine prices. Two States may have

the same average mine price, but the spread about this

price may be totally different. For a fixed average

mine price, a larger interquartile range suggests a

broader distribution of coal prices than a smaller

interquartile range. The summary statistics (Table D2)

given in this publication are weighted by production.

The interquartile range (weighted by production) is

computed in the following manner:

• Each cell is sorted according to average mine

price, from the lowest to the highest.

• For each cell, the corresponding mine's production according to increasing average mine

price is divided by that particular cell's total production and multiplied by 100. These percentages

are then added as a cumulative percentage of production.

• The first quartile (Q1) is the associated mine price

for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 25 percent. Thus, at least 25

percent of that cell's total production is identified

with prices at or lower than Q1.

• The third quartile (Q3), is the associated mine

price for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 75 percent. Thus, at least 75

percent of that cell's total production is identified

with prices at or lower than Q3.

The interquartile range is Q3-Q1.

Quarterly Coal Consumption Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3)

Form EIA-3 is used to survey U.S. manufacturers that

consume 1,000 tons or more of coal per year for all

uses other than coke production. These data were collected on a monthly basis until 1980, when the

reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule.

Data on manufacturers' coal stocks, receipts, prices,

and consumption are reported.

Through the end of 1988, all manufacturers that consumed coal were required to file Form EIA-3. Beginning with the first quarter of 1989, only those

manufacturers that consumed 1,000 or more tons in

the past year were required to report. In 1997, 633

manufacturers responded to the EIA-3 survey. The

response rate for the year was 100 percent. In order to

identify undercoverage problems, the data from this

survey are compared with shipments to manufacturers reported on EIA's "Coal Distribution Report,"

Form EIA-6. At present, the coal receipts reported by

manufacturers on Form EIA-3 cover approximately

99 percent of the coal shipments to manufacturers 

236 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
on Form EIA-6. Consequently, the coal consumption

data gathered on the Form EIA-3 do not represent the

total consumption at manufacTable D2. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1997

(Dollars per Short Ton)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

 State and Average Interquartile Average Interquartile Average Interquartile Region Mine Price Range Mine Price Range Mine Price Range

Alabama .......................................... 39.54 11.75 35.15 11.16 38.48 10.42

Alaska ............................................. − − wwww

Arizona ............................................ − − wwww

Arkansas .......................................... − − wwww

Colorado .......................................... 18.50 − 18.40 − 18.46 2.46

Illinois ............................................. 22.22 2.29 17.12 − 21.44 2.79

Indiana ............................................. w w w w 19.62 3.94

Kansas ............................................. − − wwww

Kentucky Total ............................... 24.73 5.81 22.08 4.78 23.72 6.17

Eastern .......................................... 26.26 2.85 22.45 5.40 24.65 5.02

Western ........................................ 20.67 2.14 19.92 1.88 20.49 3.08

Louisiana ......................................... − − wwww

Maryland ......................................... w w w w 23.26 −

Missouri .......................................... − − 16.87 − 16.87 −

Montana .......................................... − − 9.84 8.85 9.84 8.85

New Mexico ................................... w w w w 21.83 5.19

North Dakota .................................. − − 8.06 − 8.06 −

Ohio................................................. 25.16 14.03 21.57 6.39 23.66 9.66

Oklahoma ........................................ w w w w 26.32 −

Pennsylvania Total ......................... 26.30 1.68 25.13 7.81 25.98 3.62

Anthracite ..................................... 43.63 − 34.39 26.13 35.12 25.87

Bituminous ................................... 26.19 1.68 22.87 8.20 25.41 3.42

Tennessee ........................................ w w w w 27.03 5.55

Texas ............................................... − − 12.15 2.43 12.15 2.43

Utah ................................................. 17.61 6.28 − − 17.61 6.28

Virginia ........................................... 29.07 4.65 25.74 7.32 28.24 8.76

Washington ..................................... − − wwww

West Virginia Total........................ 27.64 6.45 24.60 5.59 26.64 6.36

Northern ....................................... 26.41 4.99 22.31 8.46 25.86 5.81

Southern ....................................... 28.22 5.91 24.86 4.31 26.90 5.88

Wyoming ......................................... w w w w 6.00 1.65

Appalachian Total1 ...................... 27.74 6.37 24.24 6.67 26.55 6.52

Interior Total1............................... 21.62 2.49 15.64 8.03 17.91 8.31

Western Total1.............................. 17.90 1.46 8.54 3.73 9.52 10.69

East of Miss. River ....................... 26.67 6.04 23.08 6.59 25.39 6.83

West of Miss. River ...................... 17.95 6.44 9.10 1.46 9.92 9.82

U.S. Total....................................... 25.68 7.50 13.39 15.74 18.14 18.45

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

 Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less

than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year. Average Mine Price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) mine value of the coal produced by the total production.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

turing plants. See Technical Note 5 for data adjustment procedures for coal consumption for the other

industrial sector.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

The respondent list of manufacturers for Form EIA-3

is compared with lists of coal-consuming manufacturing plants from State Air Quality and Energy

Offices. When new respondents are found, they are

added to the survey mailing list.

Annual Coal Quality Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3A)

Form EIA-3A contains questions on the origin of coal

(State or Country), the quantity of coal receipts, the

Btu, sulfur and ash content of the coal receipts, and

the basis used to determine the coal quality data. The

threshold for the annual collection will be the same as

for the EIA-3: manufacturing plants that consume in

excess of 1,000 short tons of coal per per year. In

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 237 
1997, 633 manufacturers responded to the EIA-3A

survey. The response rate for the year was 100

percent.

Coke Plant Report (Form EIA-5)

Form EIA-5, a quarterly report of coal receipts,

carbonization, and stocks, and of coke and breeze production, distribution, and stocks, is used to survey all

U.S. coke plants.

Coke plants were surveyed monthly and a supplemental survey was taken annually until 1981, when

the reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule

with an annual supplemental survey. In 1985, collection of the annual supplement was ended.

In 1997, there were 27 respondents to the EIA-5

survey, and the response rate was 100 percent. The

respondent list for this survey is updated by continuous monitoring of the industry literature.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke

Plants (Form EIA-5A)

This form contains questions on the origin of coal

(State or country), the quantity of coal receipts, the

volatile matter, sulfur and ash content, and the basis

used to determine the coal quality data. There is no

threshold for this form. In 1997, there were 27

respondents to the EIA-5A survey, and the response

rate was 100 percent.

Coal Distribution Report (Form EIA-6A)

Form EIA-6 is used to survey all U.S. companies

(producers and/or distributors) that own or purchase

and distribute more than 50,000 short tons annually.2

Data on coal production and purchases, distribution

by consumer category, and method of transportation

are reported.

In 1997, there were about 950 respondents to the

EIA-6A survey. Until the end of 1988, coal distribution companies were required to report production on

a Bureau of Mines district basis. For the year 1989,

respondents were required to report on a BOM

district/State basis. Beginning with the first quarter of

1990, respondents were required to report on a State

basis. The response rate for the current quarter was

100 percent. The annual production total reported on

Form EIA-6A exceeds 99 percent of total production

as reported by all mines on Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," due to the difference in reporting

thresholds. The data gathered on the Form EIA-6A

only represent the domestic coal distributed; therefore, imported coal distributed during the quartes is

not included.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issued of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

The respondent list for this survey is updated by comparing it with lists of coal producers from the Mine

Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), U.S.

Department of Labor, and from similar lists maintained by various State agencies. Also, new respondents are frequently identified on Form EIA-6A itself

when other companies are named as sources of coal

purchases.

Electric Utility Surveys

Coal data appear in this report from three surveys of

electric utilities --from all generating electric utilities

and from fossil-fueled plants.

The Census Bureau collected and published the results

of a census taken every 5 years from 1902 to 1937 on

the electric light and power industries and some data

on industrial production of electric energy. The U.S.

Geological Survey collected data on capacity and generation of electric utilities from 1920 to 1936, when

this activity was turned over to the Federal Power

Commission (FPC).

All data are presented as reported on the surveys. No

estimates or other adjustments are made for missing

data. The data are maintained in a computer system

and are edited to ensure that they are reasonable, consistent, and complete. For additional information from

these surveys and for other electric utility data, see

the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly

(DOE/EIA-0226).

Monthly Power Plant Report (Form

EIA-759)

Form EIA-759 (which, until 1982, was called FPC

Form 4) is used to survey all generating electric utilities. The Federal Power Act and FPC Order Number

141 define the legislative authority to collect power

production data. Consumption and stocks of coal and

other fuels at each plant are reported. The respondents

to Form EIA-759, approximately 700 plants,

accounted for 100 percent of total electric utility generation.

2 For the States of Arkansas, Maryland, Oklahoma, and the anthracite portion of Pennsylvania, the threshold is 10,000 tons.

238 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Beginning with the 1996 data collection, the Form

EIA-759 is a cutoff model sample of approximately

360 electric utilities drawn from the frame of all operators of electric utility plants (approximately 700

electric utilities) that generate electric power for

public use. Data will be collected on an annual basis

from the remaining operators of electric utiltiy plants.

The new monthly data collection is from all utilities

with at least one plant with a name- plate capacity of

25 megawatts or more. (Note: includes all nuclear

units). However, the few utilities that generate electricity by using renewable fuel sources other than

hydroelectric are all included in the sample. The Form

EIA-759 is used to collect monthly data on net generation; consumption of coal, petroleum, and natural

gas; and end-of-the-month stocks of coal and petroleum for each plant by fuel-type combination.

Current year data from this survey are considered

final.

Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of

Fuels for Electric Plants (FERC Form

423)

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Form

423 is used to survey all fossil-fueled plants with a

total steam-generating capacity of 50 megawatts or

more. It is submitted by approximately 230 electric

utilities. (Before 1983, this form was called FPC Form

423, and all fossil-fueled plants with a total generating capacity of 25 megawatts or more were surveyed.) In 1972, the FPC issued Order Number 453,

which included the legislative authority to create

FERC Form 423. Cost, quality, and source of fuels

(by State or country of origin), including coal, are

reported. Current year data from this survey are considered final.

Annual Nonutility Power Producer

Report (Form EIA-867)

The Form EIA-867 is a restricted-universe census

used to collect annual data from all existing and

planned nonutility power producers in the United

States. In 1992, the reporting threshold of the Form

EIA-867 was lowered to include all facilities with a

combined nameplate capacity of 1 or more megawatts.

Previously data were collected every 3 years from

facilities with a nameplate capacity between 1 and 5

megawatts. For the purpose of this data collection, a

nonutility power producer is an enterprise that has

electric generating capacity and is not an electric

utility. They include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying small power producers, and other nonutility

generators (including independent power producers)

without a designated franchised service area. The

form

The form is used to collect data on the installed

capacity, energy consumption, generation, and electric

energy sales to electric utilities from approximately

2,000 facilities.

Export and Import Data

Export and import data (except imports to electric

utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants, which

are reported on the FERC Form 423, EIA-3A, and

EIA-5A, respectively.) are obtained from the Census

Bureau--export data from the monthly EM 545 (formerly EM 522) report, import data from the monthly

IM 145 report. The Census Bureau compiles these

data monthly from documents filed with the U.S.

Customs Service as required by law. They include

shippers' export declaration forms, import entry

forms, and warehouse withdrawal forms. No sampling

procedures are used. The Census Bureau publication

Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics describes the

foreign trade statistics program, including the EM 545

and IM 145 monthly reports. Data from these surveys

are considered final at the time of publication.

Foreign distribution of U.S. coal, major exporting

State, and destination, along with foreign distribution

of metallurgical and steam coal (Tables 62, 63, and

64, respectively), was determined using EIA-6 distribution data by origin State, and coal export data from

King's COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation,

Knoxville, Tennessee) which gives the metallurgical

and steam breakdown as well as the country destination data. The percentage of metallurgical and steam

coal for each country of destination are applied to the

EIA-6 export figures for each State of origin to derive

coal distribution data that link State of origin to countries of destination by type of coal. The King's destination country data are considered to be more

accurate than the Census country-of-destination data

because it account for transhipments through intermediate countries to final destination countries, whereas

the Census data would designate the destination as the

intermediate country.

Copies of the survey forms and instructions used to

collect data appearing in this publication can be

obtained by calling EIA's National Energy Information Center at (202) 586-8800.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 239 
Technical Notes

1. Differences in Related Coal

Data

Coal Production versus Coal Distribution. Coal production represents newly mined coal. Coal distribution represents shipments of newly mined coal and

coal from producer/distributor stockpiles (previously

mined coal).

Coal Distribution versus Coal Receipts. Differences

in coal distribution data and coal receipts data are due

to the time lag between distribution and receipt of

coal shipments, and due to the survey threshold differences. In addition, coal distributed includes only

domestic coal, whereas receipts include imported

coal.

Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal versus U.S. Coal

Exports. Foreign distribution of U.S. coal does not

equal U.S. coal exports because there are differences

in reporting time and survey thresholds.

Receipts of Imported Coal versus U.S. Coal Imports.

Receipts of imported coal at electric utilities and manufacturing and coke plants does not equal U.S. coal

imports due to reporting time differences. In addition,

it does not include receipts at independent power producers.

2. Other Industrial Plants and

Manufacturing

The other industrial plants end-use sector includes

the manufacturing, agriculture, forestry and fishing,

mining, and construction industries. Manufacturing

accounts for approximately 97 percent of the coal

receipts and consumption and 100 percent of the coal

stocks in the other industrial plants sector as reported

herein. Data sources for the other industrial plants

sector and the manufacturing sector are Forms EIA-6

and EIA-3, respectively. The source statement in each

table identifies the survey used to collect coal data for

the other industrial plants sector, and the following

technical notes describe the methodology used for

deriving data.

3. Residential and

Commercial

To reduce the reporting burden to coal users, the EIA

does not conduct any survey of coal data from residential and commercial users of coal. Shipments of

coal to this sector, reported by producers and distributors of coal on Form EIA-6, are equated to coal

receipts and consumption by the residential and commercial sector, assuming no stock changes.

4. Consumer Prices

Prices are derived for each end-use sector as follows:

Electric Utilities. Prices are reported for each plant in

cents-per-million Btu on FERC Form 423. The price

per ton of coal is calculated at each plant using centsper-million Btu and the average Btu content per pound

of coal for the appropriate rank of coal. The average

prices appearing in the tables (e.g., across all States)

are calculated by summing the dollar value at each

plant (short tons of coal multiplied by price per short

ton) and dividing by the corresponding total tons. For

more information about prices of coal at electric utilities, see the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly

(DOE/EIA-0226).

Coke Plants. Respondents are asked to report the

number of tons of coal received (or coke distributed)

on Form EIA-5 and the total value of that coal (or

coke) in dollars. Average prices are calculated by

summing the reported values (e.g., across all States)

and dividing by the corresponding total tons.

Other Industrial Plants. Respondents (manufacturing

plants only) are asked to report the number of tons of

coal received on Form EIA-3 and the total value of

that coal in dollars. Average prices are calculated by

summing the reported values across all States and

dividing by the corresponding total tons.

Residential and Commercial. Data are not collected.

See Technical Note 3.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 241 
5. Consumption

Annual Data

Annual coal consumption data are sums of quarterly

or monthly data described below except for nonutility

power producers whose coal consumption is not

included in this report. These data are however,

reported on Form EIA-867 and published in the Electric Power Annual (DOE/EIA-0348).

Electric Utilities. Consumption is reported on Form

EIA-759.

Nonutility Electric Generating Facilities. Consumption is reported on Form EIA-867.

Coke Plants. Consumption is reported on Form

EIA-5.

Other Industrial Plants. In deriving a quarterly estimate for coal consumption for the other industrial

plants sector, the first step is to equate consumption

to beginning stocks plus receipts minus ending stocks.

In terms of an equation, consumption can be

expressed as C = Sb + R - Se, where Sb = beginning

stocks, R = receipts, and Se = ending stocks.

Therefore, consumption is C = (Sb - Se (change in

stocks)) + R. Next, stock change at the State level is

equated to the stock change for that State as reported

on Form EIA-3, receipts at the State level are derived

as described in Section 3, and a computed consumption is derived using the same equation for each State.

Finally, the quarterly consumption (C) at the State

level is equated to the maximum of the computed consumption at the State level, as previously described,

and the quarterly consumption for that State as

reported on Form EIA-3. This process ensures that

State-level consumption for the other industrial

plants sector is always greater than or equal to the

manufacturing sector consumption for that State.

Total quarterly consumption for the other industrial

plants sector is computed by summing the quarterly

State-level consumption figures.

Residential and Commercial. Shipments to the residential and commercial sector as reported on Form

EIA-6 are defined as consumption as well as receipts

for this end-use sector.

EIA publishes monthly estimates of coal consumption

in the Monthly Energy Review (DOE/EIA-0035).

Monthly coal consumption at electric utility plants is

derived directly from Form EIA-759. Prior to 1980,

monthly coal consumption at coke plants was derived

directly from Form EIA-5. For 1981 through 1987, it

was derived from the quarterly coal consumption

reported on Form EIA-5, using the ratios of monthly

to quarterly consumption in 1979, the last year that

coke plant data were collected monthly on Form

EIA-5. These ratios by month (January - December)

are 0.3377, 0.3200, 0.3423; 0.3529, 0.3462, 0.3009;

0.3364, 0.3347, 0.3289; and 0.3273, 0.3301, 0.3426.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption at coke

plants is derived from quarterly coal consumption

reported on Form EIA-5, using ratios derived from

monthly data on raw steel production published by the

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) on Form

AIS7. The ratio is the proportion of monthly raw steel

production from open hearth and basic oxygen process

furnaces to the quarterly raw steel production from

those furnace types.

Prior to 1978, coal consumption for the other industrial plants sector (i.e., industrial users minus coke

plants) was derived by using monthly data reported on

Form EIA-3 to modify baseline coal consumption

figures from the most recent Census of Manufactures

or Annual Survey of Manufactures, Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. For 1978

through 1987, data from Forms EIA-3 and EIA-6 are

used to compute monthly coal consumption for the

other industrial plants sector.

Given the quarterly consumption for the other industrial plants sector (C), the monthly consumption for

the sector (Cm) is estimated for each month in the

quarter as Cm = (Cm3/C3) x C where Cm3/C3 is the

ratio of monthly to quarterly coal consumption as

reported on Form EIA-3. For the 1978 coal consumption figures, the ratios used are based on 1978 EIA-3

data. For 1979 through 1987, the ratios used are based

on the 1979 EIA-3 data. These 1979 ratios by month

(January - December) are 0.3593, 0.3264, 0.3143;

0.3485, 0.3332, 0.3183; 0.3317, 0.3407, 0.3276; and

0.3045, 0.3253, 0.3702.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption for the

other industrial plants sector is derived from quarterly

coal consumption reported on Form EIA-3 using

monthly ratios derived from the industrial production

indices published by the Board of Governors of the

Federal Reserve System. Six major industry groups'

indices are used as the basis for calculating the

monthly ratios. These groups are food manufacturing

(North American Industry Classification System

(NAICS 311), paper manufacturing (NAICS 322),

chemicals manufacturing (NAICS 325), petroleum and

coal products (NAICs 324), nonmetallic mineral products (NAICS 327) and primary metal manufacturing

(NAICS 331).

The monthly ratios are computed as the monthly sum

of weighted indices as a proportion of the quarterly

sum of weighted indices, using the 1985 proportion as

the weight.

Prior to 1980, monthly coal consumption for the residential and commercial sector was derived by using

monthly data reported on Form EIA-2, "Monthly Coal

Report -- Retail Dealers and Upper Lake Docks," to

modify baseline coal consumption figures developed

by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior.

For 1980, the quarterly coal consumption figures in

the residential and commercial sector are converted

to monthly coal consumption figures using the ratios

of monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this sector

242 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
in 1979 as reported on Form EIA-2. These 1979 ratios

by month (January-December) are 0.4002, 0.3502,

0.2496; 0.4805, 0.2901, 0.2294; 0.3126, 0.2952,

0.3922; and 0.2931, 0.3101, 0.3968. The 1981 and

1982 monthly coal consumption figures were derived

using the 1979 ratios but were also modified

according to heating/cooling degree-days. For 1983

through 1987, coal consumption figures are converted

to monthly coal consumption figures using only the

ratios of monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this

sector in 1979.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption figures

are derived using the monthly national average population weighted heating/cooling degree-days obtained

from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The ratio is the proportion of the monthly

national sum of heating and cooling degree-days to

the quarterly sum.

6. Stocks

Annual stocks are calculated at the end of the year or

the end of the fourth quarter. Coal stocks are derived

for each end-use sector as follows:

Electric Utilities. Stocks are reported on Form

EIA-759.

Coke Plants. Stocks are reported on Form EIA-5.

Other Industrial Plants. Stocks are reported on Form

EIA-3, i.e., stocks at manufacturing plants only.

Technical Note 2 discusses the difference between

other industrial plants and manufacturing plants.

Residential and Commercial. Data are not available.

See Technical Note 3.

Producer and Distributor. Stocks are reported on

Form EIA-6.

7. Methods of Transportation

Rail: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by rail,

either private or public/commercial. Included is coal

hauled to or away from a railroad siding by truck.

Water Transportation: Shipments of coal moved by

one of the three methods--river, Great Lakes, or

tidewater piers and coastal ports. Included in these

shipments is coal hauled to or from water loading

facilities by other means of transportation.

River: Shipments of coal moved to consumers via

river by barge, except shipments to Great Lakes

coal loading docks or tidewater piers or coastal

ports.

Great Lakes: Shipments of coal moved to consumers

via the Great Lakes. These shipments are moved via

the Great Lakes coal loading docks, which are identified by name and locations as follows: Superior

Midwest Energy Terminal, Superior, Wisconsin;

Bessemer & Lake Erie Coal Storage & Transfer

Facility, Conneaut, Ohio; B&O Railroad

Coal Loading Dock, Lorain, Ohio; C&O Railroad

Presque Isle Docks, Toledo, Ohio; Lakefront Dock &

Railroad Terminal Company Coal Loading Dock,

Toledo, Ohio; N&W Sandusky Coal Pier No. 3,

Sandusky, Ohio; ConRail Coal Transfer Facilities,

Ashtabula, Ohio; Rail to Water Transfer Corporation

Dock, Chicago, Illinois.

Tidewater Piers and Coastal Ports: Shipments of coal

moved to tidewater piers and coastal ports for further

shipments to consumers via coastal water or ocean.

The tidewater piers are identified by name and

location as follows: B&O Curtis Bay Coal Piers,

Baltimore, Maryland; C&O Coal Piers Nos. 14 & 15,

Newport News, Virginia; N&W Lamberts Point Coal

Piers Nos. 5 & 6, Norfolk, Virginia; Alabama State

Docks Bulk Handling Plant, Mobile, Alabama;

Alabama State Docks/McDuffie Terminals, Mobile,

Alabama; Canton Coal Piers, Baltimore Harbor on the

Chesapeake Bay; Greenwich Coal Pier, Greenwich

Point, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on Delaware River;

Port Richmond Pier, Pier 18 Port Richmond,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River;

Galveston Regional Coal Distribution Center, Pelican

Island, Galveston, Texas; International Marine

Terminals/Plaquemines Parish Terminal, Mile 57

AHP-Mississippi River, approximately 30 miles south

of New Orleans; Energy Terminals of Houston, Inc., a

Subsidiary of Soros Associates, Houston, Texas.

Coastal Ports are those located at Charleston, South

Carolina; New York, New York; San Diego,

California; Los Angeles, California; and Seattle,

Washington.

Truck: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by

truck.

Tramway, Conveyor, or Slurry Pipeline: Shipments

of coal moved to consumers by tramway, conveyor, or

slurry pipeline.

8. Census Export and Import

Data

Export and import data are obtained from the Bureau

of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, where

they are compiled monthly from documents filed with

the U.S. Customs Service, as required by law.

Each coal shipment is reported in short tons with corresponding total dollar values. EIA converts all value

data obtained from the Census Bureau to average

price data by dividing the dollar value by the quantity.

Based on an analysis and sample validation of the

Census Bureau import and export data conducted by

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 243 
the EIA, it was determined that some of the coal and

coke data collected from the Census Bureau may be

misleading or incorrect (particularly those data associated with very small quantities or very high prices).

Because of this, a methodology was developed to edit

the Census Bureau price data.

Prior to 1989, certain data cells had been suppressed

for publication purposes only: (1) average import coal

prices of $50.00 or more per short ton; (2) average

export coal prices of $60.00 or more per short ton; (3)

average coke prices of $200.00 or more per short ton;

(4) all percent changes of 500 percent or more.

Beginning with 1989, coal export data were categorized as metallurgical coal and steam coal, rather than

as bituminous steam coal, lignite, anthracite, and

bituminous metallurgical coal.

In addition, coal export tables were revised to present

those countries to which the United States exported

more than 50,000 short tons in the prior calendar year.

The remaining countries in each continent were aggregated in an "other" category. This reduces the number

of empty cells and highlights the major importers of

U.S. coal. All coke export and import, and coal import

countries and quantities are displayed.

The following methodology was used to derive the

typical average prices as presented in the price tables.

For all coal, a price distribution was derived from the

prior calendar year export price data. Since extreme

price variations in the Census Bureau data are the

exception rather than the rule, the price distribution

was used to identify a typical price range. The price

distribution, from low to high, along with the frequency of each price (quantity) was analyzed to determine the representative prices. The extreme prices at

both ends of the distribution were eliminated to arrive

at a price range that covered at least 90 percent of the

exports. This price range was considered to include

typical or representative prices. Considering the

records that fell within the typical price range, the

weighted average price was calculated by country of

destination and type of coal.

The same procedure was used to determine the typical

average prices of coal imports. In addition to the

average prices based on the above methodology, a

U.S. total row is presented in the price tables, which

represents the average price using all the Census

Bureau data.

For reporting purposes, the month of exportation

reflects the month in which the shipment leaves the

United States. The month of importation generally is

based on the month in which the U.S. Customs

Service releases the merchandise to the importer. For

both sets of data, however, there can exist a small

carry-over from the actual month of exportation or

importation to a subsequent month, usually the succeeding month. A number of factors in processing

account for this, e.g., late receipt of a document for an

end-of-month shipment, or rejection of a shipment by

the computer due to failure to meet established edit

criteria. These limitations should be considered when

making comparisons.

Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as

of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce

began reporting statistics on U.S. exports to Canada

based on information on imports provided monthly by

the Canadian government.

Comparing Census reported imported coal figures in

Table 35 with EIA reported imported coal receipts at

electric utilities, manufacturers, and coke plants for

1997 shows a difference of about 1.3 million short

tons. The main reason for this is that the EIA receipts

data do not cover imported coal received by nonutility

power producers who are not in the manufacturing

sector.

9. Revisions

All data published in this report are considered final.

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate

Fuels has adopted the following policy with respect to

the revision and correction of recurrent data in energy

publications:

1. Annual survey data collected by this office are published either as preliminary or final when first

appearing in a data report. Data initially released as

preliminary will be so noted in the report. These data

will be revised, if necessary, and declared final in the

next publication of the data.

2. All monthly and quarterly survey data collected by

this office are published as preliminary. These data

are revised only after the completion of the 12-month

cycle of the data. No revisions are made to the published data before this.

3. After data are published as final, corrections will

be made only in the event of a greater than one

percent difference at the national level. Corrections

for differences that are less than the 1-percent

threshold are left to the discretion of the Office

Director.

10. Price Data and Taxes

F.O.B. mine coal prices and prices of coal delivered

to or received by end-use consumers (electric utility

plants, manufacturing plants, and coke plants) as

reported in this publication include relevant local,

State and Federal excise and sales taxes.

244 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Table D3. Implicit Price Deflator,

1988-1997

Implicit Price Deflator Year (1992 = 100)

1988 86.1

1989 89.7

1990 93.6

1991 97.3

1992 100.0

1993 102.6 R 1994 105.1 R 1995 107.8 R 1996 110.2

1997 112.4

R Revised data.

 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 245 
Glossary

Agglomerating Character: Agglomeration describes

the caking properties of coal. Agglomerating character

is determined by examination and testing of the

residue when a small powdered sample is heated to

950 degrees centigrade under specified conditions. If

the sample is "agglomerating," the residue will be

coherent, show swelling or cell structure, and be

capable of supporting a 500-gram weight without

pulverizing.

Anthracite: A hard, black lustrous coal, often

referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage

of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile

matter. Comprises three groups classified according to

the following ASTM Specification D388-91a, on a dry

mineral-matter-free (mmf) basis:

Fixed

Carbon Volatile

Limits Matter

GE LT GT LE

Meta-Anthracite 98 - - 2

Anthracite 92 98 2 8

Semianthracite 86 92 8 14

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

GT = Greater than

LE = Less than or equal to

Anthracite coal is non-agglomerating.

If agglomerating, semianthracite is

classified in the low-volatile group

of the bituminous class.

Ash: Impurities consisting of silica, iron, alumina,

and other incombustible matter that are contained in

coal. Ash increases the weight of coal, adds to the

cost of handling, and can affect the burning characteristics. Ash content is measured as a percent by weight

of coal on an "as received" or a "dry" (moisture-free,

usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour

surface mining, particularly when the overburden is

too costly to excavate.

Average Annual Percent Change:

n

√ Vn 

V0

− 1 (1)

Where: V0 = the value for the base period.

Vn = the value for the nth period.

n = the number of periods.

Average Daily Production: The ratio of the total

production at a mining operation to the total number

of production days worked at the operation.

Average Length of a Shift: The arithmetic mean

number of hours worked during a production shift.

Overtime is included if usually worked during the

year.

Average Mine Price: The ratio of the total value of

the coal produced at the mine to the total production

tonnage. (See F.O.B. mine price.)

Average Number of Employees per Shift: The

arithmetic mean number of employees working during

a production shift. Includes all employees except

office workers. (See direct labor hours.)

Average Number of Miners Working Daily: The

arithmetic mean number of miners working each day

at a mining operation. Includes maintenance as well

as production work performed.

Average Number of Shifts per Day: The arithmetic

mean number of shifts each day at a mining operation.

Includes maintenance as well as production shifts.

Average Production per Miner per Day: The

product of the average production per miner per hour

at a mining operation and the average length of a production shift at the operation.

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio

of the total production at a mining operation to the

total direct labor hours worked at the operation.

Average Production per Miner per Shift: Calculated by multiplying average production per miner per

hour by the average length of a miner shift.

Average Quality of Coal: Refers to individual measurements such as heat value, fixed carbon, moisture,

ash, sulfur, phosphorus, major, minor, and trace elements, coking properties, petrologic properties, and

particular organic constituents. The individual quality

elements may be aggregated in various ways to classify coal for such special purposes as metallurgical,

gas, petrochemical, and blending usages.

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can

be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines,

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic

area.

Bituminous Coal: The most common coal. It is

dense and black (often with well-defined bands of

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 247 
bright and dull material). Its moisture content is

usually less than 20 percent. It is used for generating

electricity, making coke, and for space heating. Comprises five groups classified according to ASTM

Specification D-388-91a, on a dry mineral-matter-free

mmf basis for fixed-carbon and volatile matter and a

moist mmf basis for calorific value. Coals having 69

percent or more fixed carbon on the dry, mineralmatter-free basis shall be classified according to fixed

carbon, regardless of calorific (heating) value. Highvolatile C bituminous coal is agglomerating, but other

bituminous coals are commonly agglomerating.

However, it is recognized that there may be

nonagglomerating varieties in these groups of the

bituminous class, and there are notable exceptions in

the high-volatile C bituminous group. Coals with less

than 69 percent fixed carbon, but with 14,000 or more

Btu per pound, are classified as high-volatile A

bituminous.

Fixed Volatile Calorific

Carbon Matter Value

Limits Limits Limits

Btu/lb.

GE LT GT LT GE LE

lv 78 86 14 22 - -

mv 69 78 22 31 - -

hvA - 69 31 - 14000 -

hvB - - - - 13000 14000

hvC - - - - 10500 13000

lv = Low-volatile bituminous coal

mv = Medium-volatile bituminous coal

hvA = High-volatile A bituminous coal

hvB = High-volatile B bituminous coal

hvC = High-volatile C bituminous coal

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

GT = Greater than

LE = Less than or equal to

Btu (British thermal unit): The amount of heat

needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water

by 1 degree Fahrenheit. The Btu is a convenient

measure by which to compare the energy content of

various fuels.

Cannel Coal: A variety of bituminous coal that is

noncaking, contains a high percentage of volatile

matter, ignites easily, and burns with a luminous

smokey flame.

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed by dividing production by productive capacity

and multiplying by 100.

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the

mine operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for

example, steel companies and electric utilities).

Carbon Dioxide: CO2 A colorless, odorless,

incombustible gas formed during combustion in

fossil-fuel electric generation plants.

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of

the United States established by the Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical

analysis. The boundaries of Census divisions coincide

with State boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific

Division is subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous

and Pacific Noncontiguous areas.

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight.

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed

into solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a

coke oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of

air.

Coal (Coke): See Coke (coal).

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production

by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine

employees.

Coal Preparation: The process of sizing and

cleaning coal to meet market specifications by

removing impurities such as rock, sulfur, etc. May

include crushing, screening, or mechanical cleaning.

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification of coal-producing States. The States in the

Appalachian Region are Alabama, Georgia, eastern

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee,

Virginia, and West Virginia. The States in the Interior

Region are Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

western Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma,

and Texas. The States in the Western Region are

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New

Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, and

Wyoming.

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined

and/or purchased coal originates are defined as

follows: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas,

California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, Louisiana,

Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania anthracite,

Pennsylvania bituminous, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,

Virginia, Washington, West Virginia Northern, West

Virginia Southern, and Wyoming. The following

Coal-Producing States are split in origin of coal, as

defined below:

• Kentucky, Eastern All mines located in counties

other than the Western Kentucky counties.

• Kentucky, Western All mines in the following

counties in Western Kentucky: Butler, Caldwell,

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson,

Grayson, Hancock, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan,

McLean, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Simpson, Todd,

Union, Warren, and Webster.

• Pennsylvania Anthracite All mines in the following counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin,

Lackawanna, Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland,

Schuylkill, Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All

anthracite mines in Bradford County.

• Pennsylvania Bituminous All mines located in

counties other than the Pennsylvania anthracite

counties and all bituminous mines in Bradford

County.

• West Virginia, Northern All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as Coal248 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
Producing Districts 1, 3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke,

Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, Gilmer, Grant,

Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, Marion,

Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants,

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor,

Tucker, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and

Wood.

• West Virginia, Southern All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as CoalProducing Districts 7 & 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay,

Fayette, Greenbrier, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan,

Mason, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Monroe,

Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, Summers,

Wayne, and Wyoming.

Coal Rank/Group: A classification of coal based on

fixed carbon, volatile matter, calorific (heating) value,

and agglomerating character. Coal is ranked progressively from lignite (least carbonaceous) to anthracite

(most carbonaceous). The rank of coal can also determined by measuring the reflectance of vitrinite, one of

several organic components of coal. The lower rank

coal can be classified based on heat content. The heat

content of the higher rank coals is generally above 14

thousand Btu per pound for each coal rank group

(except for meta-anthracite, which trends slightly

lower), and heat content ranges vary within a relatively narrow range. Since heat content is not a

dependable criterion for these higher rank coals, their

rank categories are instead described by degree of

metamorphism, or "coalification," a property that is

measured by fixed carbon content. Finally, the

agglomerating character of bituminous coals is a critical attribute for certain coal consumers, and thus

agglomerating character has come to define the distinctions between certain adjacent coal groups. Some

high-volatile C bituminous and subbituminous A coals

can be distinguished only on the basis of

agglomerating character. Percentages are based on dry

mineral-matter-free coal. Volatile matter (not shown)

is the complement of fixed carbon; that is, the percentages of fixed carbon and volatile matter sum to

100 percent. As fixed carbon percentage decreases,

therefore, volatile matter percentage increases by the

same amount.

Coal Stocks: The supply of coal at a mine, plant, or

utility at the end of the reporting period.

Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a

coal seam.

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status

as a qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must

produce electric energy and "another form of useful

thermal energy through the sequential use of energy,"

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.)

Coke (coal): In general, coke is made from

bituminous coal (or blends of bituminous coal) from

which the volatile constituents are driven off by

baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000

degrees Fahrenheit, so that the fixed carbon and ash

are fused together. Coke is hard and porous, has a

gray, submetallic luster, and is strong enough to

support a load of iron ore in a blast furnace. It is used

both as a fuel and a reducing agent in smelting iron

ore in a blast furnace. Coke has a heating value of

24.8 million Btu per short ton.

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot

or beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke.

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar

mining in which a continuous mining machine

extracts and removes coal from the working face in

one operation; no blasting is required.

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations

that involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily

when blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and

then loading the broken coal.

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in

which the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit

price that includes the F.O.B. value of the product at

the point of origin plus all costs of insurance and

transportation. This type of transaction differs from a

"delivered" purchase in that the buyer accepts the

quantity as determined at the loading port (as certified

by the Bill of Loading and Quality Report) rather than

pay on the basis of the quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It is similar to the terms

of an F.O.B. sale, except that the seller, as a service

for which he is compensated, arranges for transportation and insurance.

Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in

liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains

liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through

surface-separating facilities. Included are lease

condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar

sands, gilsonite and oil shale. Drip gases are also

included, but topped crude (residual oil) and other

unfinished oils are excluded. Liquids produced at

natural gas processing plants and mixed with crude oil

are likewise excluded where identifiable. Crude oil is

considered as either domestic or foreign, according to

the following: or from its "outer continental shelf" as

defined in 43 U.S.C. 1331. States. Imported

Athabasca hydrocarbons are included.

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized coal;

sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17

million Btu per short ton.

Customs District: Customs districts, as defined by

the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, "Monthly Report EM 545," are as follows

• Eastern: Bridgeport, CT, Washington, DC,

Boston, MA, Baltimore, MD, Portland, ME,

Buffalo, NY, New York City, NY, Ogdensburg,

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 249 
NY, Philadelphia, PA, Providence, RI, Norfolk,

VA, St. Albans, VT.

• Southern: Mobile, AL, Savannah, GA, Miami,

FL, Tampa, FL, New Orleans, LA, Wilmington,

NC, San Juan, PR, Charleston, SC, Dallas-Fort

Worth, TX, El Paso, TX, Houston-Galveston, TX,

Laredo, TX, Virgin Islands.

• Western: Anchorage, AK, Nogales, AZ, Los

Angeles, CA, San Diego, CA, San Francisco, CA,

Honolulu, HI, Great Falls, MT, Portland, OR,

Seattle, WA.

• Northern: Chicago, IL, Detroit, MI, Duluth, MN,

Minneapolis, MN, St. Louis, MO, Pembina, ND,

Cleveland, OH, Milwaukee, WI.

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for

the sum of coal in both measured and indicated

resource categories of reliability which represents 100

percent of the coal in these categories in place as of a

certain date. Includes beds of bituminous coal and

anthracite 28 inches or more thick and beds of

subbituminous coal 60 inches or more thick that occur

at depths to 1 thousand feet. Includes beds of lignite

60 inches or more thick that can be surface mined.

Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that presently

are being mined or for which there is evidence that

they could be mined commercially at this time.

Represents that portion of the identified coal resource

from which reserves are calculated.

Depletion: The subtraction of both the tonnage

produced and the tonnage lost to mining from identified resources to determine the remaining tonnage as

of a certain time.

Depletion Factor: The multiplier applied to the

tonnage produced to compute depletion. This multiplier takes into account both the tonnage recovered

and the tonnage lost due to mining. The depletion

factor is the reciprocal of the recovery factor in

relation to a given quantity of production.

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by

all mining employees at a mining operation during the

year. Includes hours worked by those employees

engaged in production, preparation, development,

maintenance, repair, shop or yard work, management,

and technical or engineering work. Excludes office

workers. Excludes vacation and leave hours.

Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one

of the petroleum fractions produced in conventional

distillation operations. Included are products known

as No.1, No.2, and No.4 fuel oils and No.1, No.2, and

No.4 diesel fuels. It is used primarily for space

heating, on-and-off-highway diesel engine fuel

(including railroad engine fuel and fuel for agricultural machinery), and electric power generation.

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from

rivers or streams.

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal entry dug to a coalbed in a hillside.

Dry (Coal) Basis: Coal quality data calculated to a

theoretical basis in which no moisture is associated

with the sample. This basis is determined by measuring the weight loss of a sample when its inherent

moisture is driven off under controlled conditions of

low temperature air-drying followed by heating to just

above the boiling point of water (104 to 110 degrees

centigrade).

Electricity: A form of energy generated by friction,

induction, or chemical change that is caused by the

presence and motion of elementary charged particles

of which matter consists.

Electricity Generation: The process of producing

electric energy or transforming other forms of energy

into electric energy. Also the amount of electric

energy produced or expressed in watthours (Wh).

Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of

electric energy produced by the generating station or

stations, measured at the generator terminals.

Electricity Generation, Net: Gross generation less

electricity consumed at the generating plant for

station use. Electricity required for pumping at

pumped-storage plants is regarded as plant use and is

deducted from gross generation.

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime

movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment

for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission

energy into electric energy.

Electric Utility: A corporation, person, agency,

authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that

owns and/or operates facilities within the United

States, its territories, or Puerto Rico for the generation, transmission, distribution, or sale of electric

energy primarily for use by the public and files forms

listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18,

Part 141. Facilities that qualify as cogenerators or

small power producers under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) and exempt wholesale

generators under Energy Policy Act of 1992 are not

considered electric utilities. See definition of nonutility power producer.

Electric Utility Sector: The electric utility sector

consists of privately and publicly owned establishments that generate, transmit, distribute, or sell electricity primarily for use by the public and that meet

the definition of an electric utility. Nonutility power

producers are not included in the electric utility

sector.

Emissions: The pollutants discharged into the atmosphere in exhaust gases. For coal-burning plants, these

emissions are primarily Carbon Dioxide (CO2),

Nitrogen Oxide ( NOx), and Sulfur Dioxide ( SO2).

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by

the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the

conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic

energy). Energy has several forms, some of which are

easily convertible and can be changed to another form

useful for work. Most of the world's convertible

250 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to

produce heat that is then used as a transfer medium to

mechanical or other means in order to accomplish

tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatt hours, while heat energy is usually measured in

British thermal units.

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source

of heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing

process.

Exports: Shipments of goods from the 50 States and

the District of Columbia to foreign countries, Puerto

Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions

and territories.

Fahrenheit: A temperature scale on which the

boiling point of water is at 212 degrees above zero on

the scale and the freezing point is at 32 degrees above

zero at standard atmospheric pressure.

F.A.S. Value: Free alongside ship value. The value

of a commodity at the port of exportation, generally

including the purchase price plus all charges incurred

in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the

port of exportation in the country of exportation.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC):

A quasi-independent regulatory agency within the

Department of Energy having jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, oil pipeline

rates, and gas pipeline certification.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining

company to produce coal from land owned and administered by the Federal Government in exchange for

royalties and other revenues.

Federal Power Act: Enacted in 1920, and amended

in 1935, the Act consists of three parts. The first part

incorporated the Federal Water Power Act administered by the former Federal Power Commission,

whose activities were confined almost entirely to

licensing non-Federal hydroelectric projects. Parts II

and III were added with the passage of the Public

Utility Act. These parts extended the Act's jurisdiction to include regulating the interstate transmission

of electrical energy and rates for its sale as wholesale

in interstate commerce. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is now charged with the administration of this law.

Federal Power Commission: The predecessor

agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission (FPC) was

created by an Act of Congress under the Federal

Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It was charged

originally with regulating the electric power and

natural gas industries. The FPC was abolished on September 20, 1977, when the Department of Energy was

created. The functions of the FPC were divided

between the Department of Energy and the Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission.

FERC: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Fixed Carbon: The nonvolatile matter in coal minus

the ash. Fixed carbon is the solid residue other than

ash obtained by prescribed methods of destructive

distillation of a coal. Fixed carbon is the part of the

total carbon that remains when coal is heated in a

closed vessel until all volatile matter is driven off.

Flue Gas Desulfurization Unit (Scrubber): Equipment used to remove sulfur oxides from the combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the

atmosphere. Chemicals, such as lime, are used as the

scrubbing media.

Flue Gas Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to

remove fly ash from the combustion gases of a boiler

plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate

collectors include electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones), fabric filters (baghouses),

and wet scrubbers.

F.O.B. Mine Price: The free on board mine price.

This is the price paid for coal at the mining operation

site. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance

costs.

Foreign-Controlled Firms: Foreign-controlled firms

are U.S. coal producers with more than 50 percent of

their stock or assets owned by a foreign firm.

Fossil-Fuel Electric Generation: Electric generation

in which the prime mover is a turbine rotated by highpressure steam produced in a boiler by heat from

burning fossil fuels.

Geothermal Energy: Energy from the internal heat

of the earth, which may be residual heat, friction heat,

or a result of radioactive decay. The heat is found in

rocks and fluids at various depths and can be

extracted by drilling and/or pumping.

Greenhouse Effect: The increasing mean global

surface temperature of the earth caused by gases in

the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane,

nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbon). The

greenhouse effect allows solar radiation to penetrate

but absorbs the infrared radiation returning to space.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of

goods and services produced by labor and property in

the United States. As long as the labor and property

are located in the United States, the supplier (that is,

the workers and, for property, the owners) may be

either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by

which coal is removed from the working face by

manual labor through the use of a shovel for

conveyance to the surface. Though rapidly disappearing, it is still used in very small-tonnage mines.

Highwall: the unexcavated face of exposed overburden and coal in a surface mine.

High-Volatile A Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 251 
High-Volatile B Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

High-Volatile C Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

High-Volatile (specific sub-group unknown): See

Bituminous coal.

Hydroelectric Power: The harnessing of flowing

water to produce mechanical or electrical energy.

Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator,

published by the U.S. Department of Commerce,

Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convert

nominal figures to real figures.

Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and

the District of Columbia from foreign countries and

from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S.

possessions and territories.

Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining

company to produce coal from Indian lands in

exchange for royalties and other revenues; obtained

by direct negotiation with the Indians, but subject to

approval and administration by the U.S. Department

of the Interior.

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector comprises

manufacturing industries which make up the largest

part of the sector, along with mining, construction,

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in

the sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to

companies assembling electronic components. The

SIC codes used to classify establishments as industrial

are 1 through 39.

Interquartile Range: The interquartile range is the

range within which the middle 50 percent of observations are concentrated. See Appendix D, Section

"Interquartile Range."

Jet Fuel: The term includes kerosene-type jet fuel

and naphtha-type jet fuel. Kerosene-type jet fuel is a

kerosene-quality product used primarily for commercial turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines. Naphthatype jet fuel is a fuel in the heavy naphtha range used

primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft

engines.

Lease Condensate: A natural gas liquid recovered

from gas well gas (associated and non-associated) in

lease separators or natural gas field facilities. Lease

condensate consists primarily of pentane and heavier

hydrocarbons.

Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank with

high inherent moisture and volatile matter (used

almost exclusively for electric power generation).

Similar coal in Europe and Australia are also referred

to as brown coal. Lignite comprises two groups classified according to the following ASTM Specification

D-388-91a for calorific values on a moist mineralmatter-free basis:

Limits Btu/lb.

GE LT

Lignite A 6300 8300

Lignite B - 6300

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

Lignite is non-agglomerating.

Lignite A: See Lignite.

Lignite B: See Lignite.

Longwall Mining: A form of underground coal

mining which is gaining in importance in the United

States and can be used at greater depths than roomand-pillar mining. In longwall mining, a cutting

machine is pulled back and forth across a panel of

coal 300 to 600 feet wide and as much as a mile long,

with the broken coal moved by conveyor. Longwall

mining is done under movable roof supports that are

advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in the mined-out

area is allowed to fall as the mining advances.

Low-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

Coal.

Major Coal-Producing States: Any State that

produces more than 12 million short tons of coal

during the year.

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial users/plants, not including coke plants, that are

engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation

of materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for

gasification/liquefaction.

Medium-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

Coal.

Merchant Coke Plant: A coke plant where coke is

produced primarily for sale on the commercial (open)

market.

Meta-Anthracite: See Anthracite.

Metallurgical Coal: Coal that meets the requirements for making coke. It must be low in ash and

sulfur and form a coke that is capable of supporting

the charge of iron ore and limestone in a blast

furnace. A blend of two or more bituminous coals is

usually required to make coke.

Metric Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,204.6

pounds.

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground

Mine.

Mineral-Matter-Free Basis: Mineral matter in coal

is the parent material in coal from which ash is

derived, and which comes from minerals present in

the original plant materials that formed the coal, or

from extraneous sources such as sediments and precipitates from mineralized water is called the mineral

matter. Mineral matter in coal cannot be analytically

determined and is commonly calculated using data on

252 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
ash and ash-forming constituents. Coal analyses are

calculated to the mineral-matter-free basis by

adjusting formulas used in calculations in order to

deduct the weight of mineral matter from the total

coal.

Moist (Coal) Basis: "Moist" coal contains its natural

inherent or bed moisture, but does not include water

adhering to the surface. Coal analyses expressed on a

moist basis are performed or adjusted so as to

describe the data when the coal contains only that

moisture which exists in the bed in its natural state of

deposition, and when the coal has not lost any

moisture due to drying.

Naphtha: A genetic term applied to a petroleum

fraction with an approximate boiling range between

122 and 400 degrees Fahrenheit.

Natural Gas: A mixture of hydrocarbons and small

quantities of various nonhydrocarbons existing in the

gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in underground reservoirs.

Natural Gas (Dry): The marketable portion of

natural gas production, which is obtained by subtracting extraction losses, including natural gas

liquids removed at natural gas processing plants, from

total production.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Natural gas

liquids recovered from natural gas in processing

plants and, in some situations, from natural gas field

facilities, as well as those extracted by fractionators.

Natural gas plant liquids are defined according to the

published specifications of the Gas Processors Association and the American Society for Testing and Materials as follows: ethane, propane, normal butane,

isobutane, pentane plus, and other products from

natural gas processing plants (i.e., products meeting

the standards for finished petroleum products

produced at natural gas processing plants, such as finished motor gasoline, finished aviation gasoline,

special naphtha, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products).

Nitrogen Oxide: NOx. A gas formed in hightemperature environments when nitrogen and oxygen

are present together. This typically occurs in a combustion chamber such as those in fossil-fuel burning

electric utilities. Nitrogen oxide emissions are a contributor to acid rain.

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or

service at the time of the transaction. The nominal

price, which is expressed in current dollars, is not

adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar.

Nonutility Power Producers: A corporation, person,

agency, authority, or other legal entity or

instrumentality that owns electric generating capacity

and is not an electric utility. Nonutility power producers include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying

small- power producers, and other nonutility generators (including independent power producers) without

a designated franchised service area and which do not

file forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations,

Title 18, Part 141. (See Electric Utility.)

Nuclear Electric Power: Electricity generated by an

electric power plant whose turbines are driven by

steam generated in a reactor by heat from the fissioning of nuclear fuel.

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located

in a particular geographic area (State or region). If a

mine is mining coal across two counties within a

State, or across two States, then it is counted as two

operations. This is done so that EIA can separate production by State and county.

Number of Mining Operations: The number of

mining operations includes preparation plants with

greater than 5,000 total direct labor hours. Mining

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant

or a preparation plant only will be counted as two

operations, if the preparation plant processes both

underground and surface coal. Excluded are silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except

for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines

producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal during

the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000

employee hours.

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market,

i.e., coal sold to companies other than the reporting

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary

of the parent company.

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled through the ownership of voting stock, or a

corporate joint venture in which a corporation is

owned by a small group of businesses as a separate

and specific business or project for the mutual benefit

of the members of the group.

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not

including coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or

chemical transformation of materials or substances

into new products (manufacturing); and companies

engaged in the agriculture, mining, or construction

industries.

Other Unions: See Union Type.

Overburden: Any material, consolidated or unconsolidated, that overlies a coal deposit.

Parent Company: A company which solely or

jointly owns the reporting company and which is not

itself a subsidiary of, or owned by, another company.

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to

productive capacity, times 100.

Petroleum: Petroleum includes residential and

distillate fuel oils, crude oil, and all other petroleum

fuels, excluding petroleum coke.

Petroleum Coke: A residue that is the final product

of the condensation process in cracking. The product

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 253 
is either marketable petroleum coke or catalyst petroleum coke.

Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the

processing of crude oil (including lease condensate),

natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentane plus, aviation gasoline, motor

gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel,

kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil,

petrochemical feedstocks, special naphtha, lubricants,

waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and

miscellaneous products.

Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Energy (as used at

electric utilities): Energy radiated by the sun as

electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic radiation)

that is converted at electric utilities into electricity by

means of solar (photovoltaic) cells or concentrating

(focusing) collectors.

Preparation Plant: A mining facility at which coal

is crushed, screened, and mechanically cleaned.

Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks: Producer

and distributor coal stocks consist of coal held in

stock by producers/distributors at the end of a

reporting period.

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal

that a mining operation can produce or process during

a period with the existing mining equipment and/or

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment

are available, and that the market exists for the

maximum production.

Quadrillion Btu: 1015 Btu.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove

the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the

dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant

dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base

year.

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Mines: The quantity

of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from

existing coal reserves, as reported on Form EIA-7A.

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base.

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that

can be recovered from the coal deposits at existing

mines.

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated by the coal cleaning process.

Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry

dam, or dredge operation.

Report Year: The calendar year beginning at 12:00

a.m. January 1 and ending at 11:59 p.m. December 31.

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units;

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and

educational institutions (schools and universities); and

Federal, State, and local governments (military installations, prisons, office buildings).

Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils that remain after

the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are

distilled away in refinery operations and that conform

to ASTM Specifications D396 and 975. Included are

No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity; Navy

Special, for use in steam-powered vessels in government service and in shore power plants; and No. 6,

which includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for commercial and industrial heating, electricity generation,

and to power ships. Imports of residual fuel oil

include imported crude oil burned as fuel.

Room-and-Pillar Mining: The most common

method of underground mining in which the mine roof

is supported mainly by coal pillars left at regular

intervals. Rooms are places where the coal is mined;

pillars are areas of coal left between the rooms.

Room-and-pillar mining is done either by conventional or continuous mining.

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated

share of production from mineral deposits, by the

lessee to the lessor. Royalties may be an established

minimum, a sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale

royalty rate increases by steps as the average production on the lease increases. A sliding-scale royalty

rate is based on average production and applies to all

production from the lease.

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal

and/or Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is

approximately equivalent to production, which

includes coal sold, and coal added to stockpiles.

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by

which coal is removed from the working face by a

tractor unit equipped with a hydraulically operated

bucket attached to the front; also called a front-end

loader.

Semianthracite: See Anthracite.

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation.

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining

that involves the use of a continuous mining machine

and movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to

200 feet wide and more than half a mile long.

Although similar to longwall mining, shortwall

mining is generally more flexible because of the

smaller working area. Productivity is lower than with

longwall mining because the coal is hauled to the

mine face by shuttle cars as opposed to conveyors.

254 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997
SIC: See Standard Industrial Classification.

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing

as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes

defined as including very fine coal particles called

silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per

short ton. Synonymous with culm.

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A

mining operation producing coal from these sources

of coal. (See refuse mine.)

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the

entry is driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit.

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a

preparation plant.

Solar Energy: The radiant energy of the sun, which

can be converted into other forms of energy, such as

heat or electricity.

Solar Thermal Collector: A devise designed to

receive solar radiation and convert it into thermal

energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a

frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the solar

thermal collector may be used immediately or stored

for later use.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC): A set of

codes developed by the Office of Management and

Budget which categorizes industries to groups with

similar economic activities.

Steam Coal: All noncoking coal.

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant,

or utility at the end of the reporting period.

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum

stocks maintained by the Federal Government for use

during periods of major supply interruption.

Strip (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat

terrain to recover coal by mining long strips successively. The material excavated from the strip being

mined is deposited in the strip previously mined.

Subbituminous Coal: A dull black coal of rank

intermediate between lignite and bituminous, consisting of subbituminous A coal, subbituminous B

coal, and subbituminous C coal, classified according

to the following ASTM Specification D-388-91a on a

moist mineral-matter-free basis:

Calorific

Value

Limits

Btu/lb.

GE LT

Subbituminous A Coal 10500 11500

Subbituminous B Coal 9500 10500

Subbituminous C Coal 8300 9500

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

Subbituminous coal is non-agglomerating.

Subbituminous A Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Subbituminous B Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Subbituminous C Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Sulfur: One of the elements present in varying quantities in coal that contributes to environmental degradation when coal is burned. In terms of sulfur content

by weight, coal is generally classified as low (less

than or equal to 1 percent), medium (greater than 1

percent and less than or equal to 3 percent), and high

(greater than 3 percent). Sulfur content is measured as

a percent by weight of coal on an "as received" or a

"dry" (moisture-free, usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.

Sulfur Dioxide: SO2. A caustic, corrosive gas that is

a by-product of combustion and emissions from

fossil-fuel burning electric utility plants. The primary

agent in the production of acid rain.

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance that, introduced into or commingled with

natural gas, increases the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,

propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas,

manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inert gases

added for Btu stabilization.

Surface Mine: A coal-producing mine that is usually

within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth and

rock above or around the coal (overburden) is

removed to expose the coalbed, which is then mined

with surface excavation equipment such as draglines,

power shovels, bulldozers, loaders, and augers. It may

also be known as an area, contour, open-pit, strip, or

auger mine.

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for

transportation by rail or truck.

Transportation Sector: The transportation sector

consists of private and public vehicles that move

people and commodities. Included are automobiles,

trucks. buses, motorcycles, railroads and railways

(including streetcars), aircraft, ships, barges, and

natural gas pipelines.

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced

by tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is

then mined with underground mining equipment such

as cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are

classified according to the type of opening used to

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997 255 
reach the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined

tunnel), or shaft (vertical tunnel).

Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further refinery

processing, except those requiring only mechanical

blending. Includes naphtha and lighter oils, kerosene

and light gas oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum.

Union Type: Union type consists of United Mine

Workers of America (UMWA), and the following

"Other Union" types: Southern Labor Union (SLU),

Appalachian Miners of America (AMA), Scotia

Employees Association (SEA), International Union of

Operation Engineers (IUOE), Utility Workers of

America (UWA), Progressive Mine Workers Association (PMWA), International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), International Chemical

Workers Union (ICWU), Redstone Workers Association (RWA), Chariton Valley Independent Union

(CVIU), American Federation of Labor - Congress of

Industrial Organization (AFL-CIO), Labors International (LABO), Crow Hollow Miners (CROW), Coal

Strippers (COAL), United Steel Workers (USW),

Independent Miners Association (IMA), Independent

Union (INUN), Independence Miners, Brokers, and

Truckers Association (IMBT), Council of Southern

Mountains (CSM), International Brotherhood of

Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers

Union (TEAM), Thompson Creek Workers Association (TCWA), United Brotherhood of Clay Workers

(UBCW), Wilmot Employees Independent Union

(WEIU), Independent Strip Miners Union (ISMU),

Independent Miners (IM), Independent Workers (IW),

Coal Strippers Union (CSU), Independent Miners

Union (IMU), Independent Coal Workers (ICW),

Independent Strip Mining Workers (ISMW), Independent Strip Union (ISU), Association of Bituminous

Contractors (ABC), Arch Minerals Employees Association (AMEA), United Paperworkers International

Union (UPIU), Welch Miners Union (WMU), Falcon

Coal Employees Association (FCEA), Justus

Employees Association (JEA), International Construction Union (ICU), Brotherhood of Miners

(BOM), Western Energy Workers (WEW), Carlin

Independent Union (CIU), International Association

of United Workers Union (IAWU), and Stove,

Furnace and Allied Appliance Workers International

Union of N. A. (SFAW).

U.S. Coal Exports: Amount of U.S. coal shipped to

foreign destinations, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, "Monthly

Report EM 545."

U.S. Coal Imports: Amount of foreign coal shipped

to the United States, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly

Report IM 145."

Wind Energy (as used at electric utilities): The

kinetic energy of wind converted at electric utilities

into mechanical energy by wind turbines (i.e., blades

rotating from the hub) that drive generators to

produce electricity for distribution.

Wood and Waste (as used at electric utilities):

Wood energy, garbage, bagasse, sewerage gas, and

other industrial, agricultural, and urban refuse used to

generate electricity for distribution.

Volatile Matter: Those products, exclusive of

moisture, given off by a material as gas or vapor. Volatile matter is determined by heating the coal to 950

degrees centigrade under carefully controlled conditions and measuring the weight loss, excluding weight

of moisture driven off at 105 degrees Centigrade.

256 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1997