PREFACE

The Industry Trade and Technology Review (ITTR) is a quarterly staff publication of the

Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission. The opinions and conclusions it

contains are those of the authors and are not the views of the Commission or of any individual

Commissioner. The report is intended to provide analysis of important issues and insights into

the global position of U.S. industries, the technological competitiveness of the United States,

and implications of trade and policy developments.

The information and analysis in this series are for the purpose of this report only. Nothing

in this report should be construed to indicate how the Commission would find in an

investigation conducted under any statutory authority.

Inquiries or comments on items appearing in this report may be made directly to the author,

or to:

Director of Industries

Industry Trade and Technology Review

U. S. International Trade Commission

500 E Street, SW

Washington, DC 20436

Fax: 202-205-3161

Requests for copies of the ITTR, or to be added to the mailing list, should be addressed to the

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Quarterly Review Staff

Larry Brookhart

assisted by

Zema Tucker

Sharon Greenfield

Contributing Authors

Michael Nunes

Larry Brookhart

Ralph Watkins

Laura Rodriguez-Archila

Robert A. Rogowsky

Director of Operations

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Industry Trade and Technology Review
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Index of Articles

i

Listing of Published Articles

(April 1997 - July 2000)

April 1997

Liberalization of the Mexican telecommunication sector

Use of magnesium castings in automobiles rises, but challenges remain

U.S. trade in intangible intellectual property: Royalties and licensing fees

July 1997

Mobile satellite services

India’s steel industry emerging as a competitive global player

Textiles and apparel: India’s integration into the world economy and

opportunities for U.S. firms

October 1997

The Uruguay Round elimination of duties on pharmaceuticals: Developments 

in the 2 years since implementation

Alternative materials in the U.S. automotive industry promote development of 

joining and bonding technology

Electronic trade transforms delivery of audiovisual services

January 1998

Free trade in information technology goods 

Factors affecting the commercialization of new manufacturing processes

for materials

Thermoplastic elastomers in the auto industry: Increasing use and the potential

implications

March 1998

Textiles and apparel: New U.S. trade program likely to spur imports from

Israel and Jordan

The assembly industry in Hungary: Favorable business climate creates new

opportunities for U.S. industries

Indian market reforms attract U.S. investment and trade in capital goods

and equipment

June 1998

China's evolving automotive industry and market

Canadian involvement in Mexico's Maquiladora industry

September 1998

Internet advertising

Progress in recognizing and regulating global professional service providers

Deregulation fosters globalization of the electric power industry
JULY 2000

Index of Articles Industry Trade and Technology Review

ii

Listing of Published Articles—Continued

December 1998

Impediments to competitiveness in Russia’s minerals and metals sector

Nonstore retailing: Alternative retailers attracting customers

Apparel sourcing strategies for competing in the U.S. market

March 1999

Korea’s foreign exchange crisis and its implications for U.S.-Korean trade

Advanced structural ceramics: Vast potential has yet to be realized

June 1999

Energy services: Recent trends and future prospects

Market trends affecting the U.S. environmental services sector

Health care services: Strong fundamentals and innovations foreshadow growth in 

U.S. exports and foreign direct investment

October 1999

Outsourcing by the pharmaceutical industry provides opportunities for fine chemical

producers worldwide 

Thailand’s financial crisis and progress towards recovery—Implications for

U.S. trade

December 1999

Air transport services: International regulation and future prospects for liberalization

Renewed services trade negotiations in the WTO

March 2000

Machine vision: Vital technology for manufacturing industries

Agriculture in the WTO: The Seattle Ministerial and beyond

July 2000

Express services: Issues for negotiation in the World Trade Organization

Production-sharing update: Developments in 1999

Apparel market: New U.S. legislation places CBERA countries on a more equal

competitive basis with Mexico
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Contents

iii

CONTENTS

Page

Express services: Issues for negotiation in the World

Trade Organization ................................................ 1

Industry overview ...................................................... 2

Factors contributing to industry growth ...................................... 4

International demand for express services .................................... 5

International trade issues ................................................. 6

Express services and the GATS ............................................ 8

Current GATS negotiations ............................................... 9

Production-sharing update: Developments in 1999 ....... 11

Automotive sector ...................................................... 12

Electronic products ..................................................... 13

Apparel .............................................................. 15

Tax and regulatory changes in Mexico affecting U.S. affiliated assembly operations ..... 16

Apparel market: New U.S. legislation places CBERA

countries on a more equal competitive basis with

Mexico ............................................................... 21

U.S. trade programs spur production-sharing apparel imports ..................... 23

U.S. producers face growing competition in domestic market ...................... 25

Competitive climate drives business strategies ................................. 27

New products and marketing methods .................................... 27

U.S. producers restructuring operations ................................... 28

Foreign assembly becomes principal cost-cutting strategy ..................... 29

Global sourcing expands .............................................. 30

Outlook .............................................................. 31
JULY 2000

Contents Industry Trade and Technology Review

iv

CONTENTS—Continued

Page

Appendix A: Key performance indicators of selected

industries and regions ............................................. A-1

Steel:

Figure A-1 Steel industry: Profitability by strategic group ................... A-2

Table A-1 Steel mill products, all grades ................................ A-2

Table A-2 Steel service centers ....................................... A-3

Figure A-2 Steel mill products, all grades: Selected industry conditions ......... A-3

Automobiles:

Table A-3 U.S. sales of new automobiles, domestic and imported,

and share of U.S. market accounted for by sales of total imports

and Japanese imports, by specified periods, January 1999-March 2000 ......... A-4

Figure A-3 U.S. sales of new passenger automobiles, by quarter ............... A-4

Aluminum:

Figure A-4 Aluminum: U.S. imports, exports, and price ..................... A-5

Table A-4 U.S. production, recovery, imports, import penetration,

exports, average nominal price, and LME inventory level of aluminum, 

for first quarter 1999, fourth quarter1999, and first quarter 2000 ............. A-5

Flat glass:

Figure A-5 Average monthly Japanese imports of flat glass, by quantity and value,

from the United States and all countries, 1995-99 ......................... A-6

Services:

Figure A-6 Balance on U.S. service trade accounts, by quarter, 1999 ........... A-7

Figure A-7 Surpluses on cross-border U.S. service transactions

with selected trading partners, by selected quarters, 1998-99 ................. A-7

North American trade:

Table A-6 North American trade, 1995-99, January-March 1999,

and January-March 2000 ........................................... A-9

Appendix B: Selected statistical tables for U.S.

imports under the production-sharing provisions of

HTS Chapter 98 (HTS 9802.00.60, 9802.00.80, and

9802.00.90) ......................................................... B-1

Tables B-1 to B-18 ............................................... B-2 - B-38

#
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Express Services

 

1

 The views expressed in this article are those of the author. They are not the views of the U.S.

International Trade Commission or any of the Commissioners.

 

2

 Article 19 of the GATS requires that World Trade Organization (WTO) member countries

enter into successive rounds of negotiations beginning no later than January 1, 2000, with the

objective of achieving a progressively higher level of services trade liberalization. 

 

3

 Integrated service refers to door-to-door shipments (as opposed to airport-to-airport

shipments) in which multiple transport modes, including air and ground transport, may be

employed.

 

4

 Time-sensitive deliveries are generally understood to mean deliveries within a period of 1 to

3 days.

1

Express Services: Issues for Negotiation in

the World Trade Organization

Michael Nunes1

mnunes@usitc.gov

(202) 205-3462

Although the Seattle Ministerial did not result in a broad new round of

multilateral trade negotiations, talks about services recommenced in

January 2000, as mandated by the General Agreement on Trade in Services

(GATS).2 During the current services round, express delivery services

(express services) will likely be the subject of intense negotiations. The

U.S. Government and industry representatives seek not only to negotiate

trade-liberalizing commitments from more countries, but also to redefine

the scope of the express services industry to better reflect the extensive

range of intermediate services that express carriers perform between

pickup and delivery. These services include, for instance, radio

communication, freight-forwarding, customs brokerage, and transport.

This article provides background information on the express services

industry, examines international trade issues affecting express service

providers, and discusses the current state of negotiations on express

services within the WTO.

Since the GATS entered into force on January 1, 1995, industry representatives have indicated

that the absence of specific commitments on intermediate services limits the utility of existing

commitments on pickup and delivery. U.S. Government support for negotiations on express

services may in part be attributed to the increasing importance of electronic commerce, with

commensurate demand for the delivery of products purchased over the Internet, and the

continuing importance of just-in-time inventory management by manufacturers.

Providers of express delivery services (express services) offer an integrated service3 in which

time-sensitive4 documents, parcels, and freight are transported from manufacturers or retailers

to customers. The industry originated in the United States in the late 1960s. The subsequent

deregulation of the U.S. air cargo industry in the late 1970s and the internationalization of

business over the last two decades have contributed to the express service industry’s rapid

growth. The door-to-door nature of express services often requires carriers to cross national

borders for pickup or delivery of documents and packages. The international trade of express
JULY 2000

Express Services Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

5

 Air Courier Conference of America (ACCA), Statement by ACCA Regarding the World

Trade Organization’s (WTO) Multilateral Negotiations, May 12, 1999.

 

6

 ACCA is the trade association representing the air express delivery industry. ACCA’s

membership primarily consists of U.S.-based companies and individuals engaged in expedited

transport of time-sensitive packages.

 

7

 ACCA, Statement Regarding the WTO’s Multilateral Negotiations.

 

8

 Although DHL began its operations in the United States, the non-U.S. portions of the

company’s operations (generate the largest share of the company’s revenue) are now based in

Brussels. It is estimated that more than half of DHL’s revenues are generated in Europe. Rigas

Doganis and Associates, The Aviation and Travel Consultancy Ltd., and York Consulting, Ltd.,

“The Importance and Impact of the Express Industry in Europe,” prepared for the Association of

European Express Carriers and the European Express Organization, Oct. 1999, p. 26.

 

9

 For example, UPS reported $15.7 billion in revenue from U.S. surface transport in 1997,

accounting for almost 70 percent of its 1997 revenues. U.S. Department of Commerce (USDOC),

International Trade Administration (ITA) and The McGraw-Hill Companies, U.S. Industry &

Trade Outlook, 1999 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999), p. 43-14.

 

10 Increasing amounts of lower value and heavier manufactured goods are being shipped as air

freight, according to Stephen Klein, Transportation: Commercial, Standard & Poor’s Industry

Surveys, Feb. 3, 2000, p. 18. Boeing Corp. estimates that the total air cargo market generated 132

billion revenue tonne-kilometers in 1997, reflecting average annual growth of 7.7 percent during

1980-97. Rigas Doganis and Associates, et. al., “The Express Industry in Europe,” p. 31.

 

11 Boeing Corp., World Air Cargo Forecast: Significant World Airline Trends, 1999,

Company Press Release, found at Internet address http://www.boeing.com/commercial/

cargo/index.html, retrieved Apr. 10, 2000.

2

services is therefore affected by a broad range of issues, including laws and regulations in the

areas of multimodal transport, air auxiliary services, distribution, warehousing, customs

clearance and brokerage, telecommunications, postal services, logistics, and insurance.5

International trade barriers in any one of these service sectors can adversely affect the

provision of express services.

Industry Overview

The Air Courier Conference of America (ACCA)6 estimates that its members generate

revenues exceeding $50 billion annually and employ approximately 510,000 in the United

States and over 800,000 worldwide.7 The four largest U.S. express carriers--United Parcel

Service (UPS), Federal Express (FedEx), Airborne Express, and Emery Worldwide--generated

approximately $43 billion in total revenue and employed over 500,000 people worldwide in

1998 (table 1). These same companies generated global revenue of nearly $8 billion in 1998.

Other important global express carriers include Brussels-based DHL Worldwide8 and

Netherlands-based TNT Post Group N.V., with 1998 total express revenues of approximately

$5 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively. 

Although ground delivery accounts for a large portion of express carriers’ total revenue,9 air

express delivery is becoming a more important component of the international cargo market,

which itself is growing.10 Boeing estimates that express delivery currently holds a 6-percent

share of the total world air cargo market, a number expected to grow to 40 percent by the year

2017.11 Moreover, the Federal Aviation Administration reports that international
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Express Services

 

12 Freight/express refers to integrated express carriers that provide expedited delivery services

in addition to traditional freight forwarding services.

 

13 U.S. Department of Transportation, “FAA Aerospace Forecasts, Fiscal Years 1999-2010,”

Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Policy and Plans, Mar. 1999, p. III-42

 

14 MergeGlobal, Inc., “Estimated Global Small Package Market - 1999,” correspondence with

USITC staff, Apr. 20, 2000, Washington, DC.

 

15 MergeGlobal, Inc., “Estimated Global Small Package Market - 1999,” correspondence with

USITC staff, Apr. 13, 2000, Washington, DC.

3

Table 1

The four largest U.S. express carriers by international revenue, total revenue, and total employees, 1998

Company 

International

revenue

Total

 revenue

Total

 employees

 ————Million dollars ————

United Parcel Service .......................... 3,237 24,788 328,000

Federal Express .............................. 3,329 13,255 141,000

Airborne Express1............................ 362 3,074 23,000

Emery Worldwide2............................ 960 2,200 11,500

 Total .................................... 7,888 43,317 503,500

 

1

 Airborne Express is a division of Airborne Freight Corp.

 

2

 Emery Worldwide is a division of CNF Transportation, Inc.

Source: UPS, FedEx, Airborne, and Emery, forms 10K, found at Internet address http://www.sec.gov/, retrieved

Feb. 13, 2000.

freight/express12 has been the fastest growing component of air cargo activity,

increasingannually by an average of almost 10 percent during the years 1990-98.13 Industry

analysts expect the express services segment to continue to grow at a substantially faster pace

than all other cargo transport segments.14 

MergeGlobal, Inc., an independent consultancy based in London and Washington, estimates

that express delivery of packages generated global revenue of $43.7 billion in 1999,

representing 41 percent of the total global small package market (table 2).15 Small packages,

which typically weigh less than 150 pounds, constituted 98 percent of total world freight

shipments in 1999 and generated revenues of $106.9 billion. 

Table 2

Estimated global small package market, 1999

(Billion dollars)

Geographic market Express delivery Total market

Intra North America ................................ 25.6 61.6

Intra Europe ...................................... 4.4 22

Intra Asia ........................................ 2.8 8.6

Other regional .................................... 1.1 4.9

Intercontinental ................................... 9.8 9.8

 World total .................................... 43.7 106.9

Source: MergeGlobal, Inc.
JULY 2000

Express Services Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

16 Colography Group, “Colography Group Forecasts Record Results for the U.S. Expedited

Cargo Market in 2000,” press release, Nov. 1999, found at Internet address

http://www.colography.com/press/prECMP2000.html, retrieved on Mar. 28, 2000.

 

17 Logistics management is defined as the process of planning, implementing, and controlling

the flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the

point of consumption.

 

18 Byington, U.S. Industry & Trade Outlook, p. 43-14.

 

19 John Mitchell, “Transportation Industry,” Hoovers On-line, found at Internet address

http://www.hoovers.com, retrieved on Feb. 23, 2000.

 

20 Julia King, “Shipping firms exploit IT to deliver e-commerce goods,” ComputerWorld, vol.

33, No. 31 Aug. 2, 1999, found at Internet site http://proquest.umi.com, retrieved Mar. 21, 2000.

 

21 Federal Express, “FDX and SAP join forces to develop first-ever suite of complete

orchestrated supply-chain solutions,” Company Press Release, Sept. 14, 1999, found at Internet

address http://www.federalexpress.com, retrieved Feb. 22, 2000.

 

22 Ibid.

 

23 The term “default shipper” refers to the organization that is preselected to deliver a product

when an electronic commerce customer purchases a product on-line.

 

24 Kristin S Krause, “Battle for Cyberspace,” Traffic World, vol. 258, No. 3 Apr. 19, 1999,

p. 56.

4

Factors Contributing to Industry Growth

The increased demand for express services in recent years may be partially attributed to the

growing trend for companies to use “just-in-time” manufacturing that enables companies to

produce to order, thereby reducing costs associated with maintaining large physical

inventories. The Colography Group, for example, estimates that each dollar spent on express

delivery translates into $1.50 in inventory cost reductions.16

Greater demand for express services also reflects the growing tendency among manufacturers

to achieve greater efficiency by outsourcing logistics management services.17 Outsourcing

supply-chain logistics to express carriers allows client manufacturers to focus on their core

competencies. Cass Information Systems, for example, values the third-party logistics

management services market at $30 billion, and expects the market to post double digit growth

rates over the next 5 to 10 years.18 In response to increasing demand for such services, for

instance, FedEx is reportedly spending $1 billion per year on shipping technology in order to

provide warehouse and distribution services for semiconductor and computer companies.19

Projects include the development of software tools that link customers’ ordering,

manufacturing, and inventory systems with FedEx’s network of automated warehouses, call

centers, and global shipping centers.20 FedEx’s efforts will reportedly result in end-to-end

logistics management that delivers products with more precision and provides customers with

more accurate scheduled delivery estimates.21

Growth of electronic commerce has also contributed to increased demand for express services.

A 1999 poll conducted by ComputerWorld indicated that electronic commerce is the most

important factor driving the growth of express carriers. DHL Worldwide is projecting 40-

percent annual growth for its on-line business.22 Both UPS and FedEx have become default

shippers23 for thousands of e-commerce sites, and FedEx recently announced an initiative in

which it will handle deliveries resulting from Netscape’s on-line transactions.24 Additionally,

FedEx’s partnership with German software producer SAP AG facilitates e-commerce by

integrating logistics and transportation functions with order management and financial
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Express Services

 

25 This involves FedEx’s 50 worldwide distribution centers, which store replacement parts and

short-term inventory for client companies. When on-line orders come in, shipping labels are

created and tracking numbers are assigned to the parts or packages stored in the FedEx facilities. 

When shipments are received, a proof of delivery report is generated and sent to the company

that owns the product line. Hewlett-Packard, whose medical product group was one of the first

corporate units to use FedEx’s integrated service, now uses the service for all deliveries resulting

from on-line orders. Karen Dilger, “Life Cycle of a Package,” Manufacturing Systems, vol. 16,

No. 8 Aug. 1998, pp. 10-11.

 

26 Holly Hubbard Preston, “E-commerce explosion,” ComputerWorld, vol. 34, No. 10 Mar 6,

2000, pp. 58-59.

 

27 The term “hub” is used to describe large facilities where packages are delivered by plane or

truck, sorted, and then sent off again to their final destination.

 

28 Klein, Transportation: Commercial, p. 9.

 

29 Kevin Hall, “DHL Expands in Buenos Aires,” The Journal of Commerce, found at Internet

address http://www.joc.com/, retrieved Feb. 23, 2000.

 

30 Douglas Blackmon, “FedEx Plans European Expansion, Stepping into Hotbed of

Competition,” The Wall Street Journal, Interactive Edition, Sept. 23, 1999, found at Internet

address http://www.wsj.com/, retrieved Feb. 28, 2000.

 

31 Betty Liu, “UPS gets ready to spread its wings: IPO plan gives parcel delivery group greater

flexibility,” July 23, 1999.

 

32 Federal Express, Form 10-K, found at Internet address http://www.sec.gov/, retrieved

Feb. 23, 2000.

 

33 “Pass the Parcel: Transport in Asia,” Mar. 18, 1995, found at Internet address

http://www.proquest.com, retrieved Nov. 23, 1999.

5

applications.25 The combination of on-line order delivery services and logistics management

leaves express service providers well positioned to benefit from electronic commerce.

International Data Corp. expects that electronic commerce sales will total $20 billion in

2000,26 and Forrester Research estimates such sales will reach $108 billion by 2003.27

International Demand for Express Services

Growing international demand for express services has encouraged many U.S.- and foreignbased providers to establish distribution affiliates abroad in order to be close to the markets

they serve. Brussels-based DHL Worldwide invested $10 million in 1998 to create a new

Mercosur hub28 at Ezeiza Airport in Buenos Aires,29 and in 1999 FedEx announced plans to

open a $200-million regional air hub in Paris to provide services to the European market.30

Similarly, UPS announced its intention to purchase the assets of Miami-based Challenge Air

Cargo, an all-cargo airline that serves the Caribbean, Central America and South America.31

In countries where low traffic makes the establishment of major distribution facilities less

economical, express service providers may contract with local companies to perform pickup

or delivery services. FedEx, for example, contracts with local transport companies to

complete deliveries in regions where they do not have a physical presence.32 Additionally,

some express carriers prefer to exploit the service of other airlines in regions where they do

not have landing rights. For example, DHL Worldwide buys cargo space in the holds of

aircraft operated by other airlines for shipments to Asia, reportedly providing the express

carrier with the flexibility to provide services to the region without having to negotiate landing

rights under bilateral aviation agreements.33 However, express carriers generally agree that
JULY 2000

Express Services Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

34 Industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, Aug. 27, 1999.

 

35 Hall, “DHL Expands in Buenos Aires.”

 

36 Gordon Forsyth, “Crack in China’s Wall: Proposed WTO agreement would remove

restrictions on distribution firms inside China within four years,” Information Access Company,

vol. 41, No. 6, June 1, 1999, p. 36.

 

37 ACCA, Statement Regarding the WTO’s Multilateral Negotiations.

 

38 Jo Ann Davy, “Shipping overseas overnight: How to go global with express services,”

Office Systems Magazine, vol. 16, No. 11, Nov. 1999, pp. 38-41.

 

39 Tim Minahan, “Could Latin America be the next hot spot for shippers?,” Information

Access Company, June 1998.

 

40 Ibid.

6

use of their own aircraft and ground delivery vehicles, as well as control over their cargo, is

the preferable mode of operation.34

International Trade Issues

The international trade of express services principally takes place through the establishment

of a commercial presence in the market to be served. Express carriers also provide regional

services between countries. Within service regions, ground transport is generally limited to

deliveries across no more than 500 miles, while air transport is reserved for longer distances

and “time-sensitive” deliveries. 

U.S. express carriers reportedly face many obstacles serving foreign markets, such as poor

infrastructure in developing countries (e.g., inadequate roads and airports, and antiquated

communications),35 anticompetitive shipping rules and practices, and trade-distorting

regulatory barriers. Additionally, many countries restrict access to internal transport

infrastructure, imposing operating restrictions and limiting the ownership and control of local

transport networks. For example, China currently restricts startup and joint-venture

expansion of express transport and distribution services within China. Specifically, foreign

providers of express delivery and distribution services can not operate logistics and

warehousing operations, own subsidiaries, handle customs clearance, or book shipments with

carriers. However, these restrictions will reportedly be phased out gradually after China’s

accession to the World Trade Organization.36

Perhaps the most significant area of concern for express carriers’ international shipments lies

with problematic customs practices, which reportedly add cost and delay to the foreign

provision of express services.37 Some Middle Eastern countries, for example, impose weight

limits, and the Philippines requires additional certificates for items worth more than a certain

specific value.38 Additionally, UPS reports that it must open packages and count goods to

avoid heavy fines in some countries, and other carriers report that cargo often sits in a

warehouse for long periods waiting for clearance from customs officials.39

Multinationals in some countries have increased pressure on local governments to implement

customs reforms that would alleviate inefficiencies in the import/export process. As a result

of such efforts, for example, the Brazilian Government recently implemented new guidelines

for outbound shipping requirements, reducing the cost of shipping an express document from

Brazil to Hong Kong by nearly 600 percent.40 Individual companies are also taking steps to

expedite the customs process by offering a “pre-alert” service, which alerts customs officials
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Express Services

 

41 Davy, “Shipping overseas overnight: How to go global with express services,” pp. 38-41.

 

42 ACCA, Statement Regarding the WTO’s Multilateral Negotiations. To view guidelines

(select “Customs” under “Business Topics”), see Internet address http://www.iccwbo.org/,

retrieved June 22, 2000.

 

43 ACCA, Statement Regarding the WTO’s Multilateral Negotiations.

 

44 Deutsche Post reportedly spent over $3 billion in 1999 to acquire private logistics, express,

and parcel delivery companies. See John Parker, “UPS vs. Deutsche Post,” Traffic World, vol.

258, No. 9, May 31, 1999, pp. 19-20.

 

45 Ibid.

 

46 U.S. House, “GAO data shows Congress must pass postal reform legislation,” press release,

Oct. 22, 1999, found at Internet address http://www.house.gov/reform/postal/

press/10_22_99.pdf, retrieved Apr. 4, 2000.

 

47 David Treworgy, “Global Postal Transformation,” PricewaterhouseCoopers, edited by

Curtis Hartman, Jan 27, 2000, found at Internet address http://www.pwcglobal.com, retrieved

Apr. 3, 2000.

7

of shipment information ahead of time, helping shippers avoid delay by initiating customs

clearance procedures while the shipment is in transit.41

The ACCA has proposed that WTO member countries adopt and implement the International

Chamber of Commerce’s customs modernization guidelines in order to improve the customs

process.42 Adoption of the guidelines would, among other things, require customs

administrations to have legal authority to process pre-arrival information, use reasonable

criteria when physically examining cargo, accept data electronically, and offer a surety

bonding system to protect customs revenue and ensure compliance with customs laws and

regulations.43 ACCA has also proposed that customs administrations implement a system that

allows shipments below a certain value to receive expedited treatment, without the assessment

of a duty.

In addition to customs barriers, express carriers face impediments from national postal

authorities, which often maintain local monopolies over the pickup and delivery of letters and

documents. Anti-competitive practices by local postal monopolies may restrict the foreign

provision of express services by interrupting the door-to-door, integrated nature of the service.

UPS has complained to European Union (EU) officials that Deutsche Post (DP), Germany’s

national postal authority, unfairly uses profits from its postal monopoly to subsidize its other

businesses that compete directly with express carriers. The case, which UPS brought to EU

attention in 1993, is currently before a joint EU and U.S. competition advisory panel. UPS

also claims that DP acquisitions over the last few years have been financed by the sale of

German Government-owned postal property.44 In Germany alone, DP activities reportedly

jeopardize over $800 million in UPS’s service revenue.45

In an effort to promote competition, express service carriers and some postal services alike

are pushing for market and regulatory reform. One impetus for reform is the relatively rapid

growth of electronic commerce, which the U.S. Government Accounting Office estimates will

reduce the United States Postal Service’s revenues by nearly $17 billion in 2003.46

Additionally, global telecommunications reform has led many countries to reform their

national posts, which in the past were often combined with national telecommunications

providers. Reportedly, as countries decided to reform their telecommunications sectors, they

have in some instances decided to reform postal authorities as well.47 Foreign reform efforts

have included workforce downsizing, changing the postal retail network, and pursuing
JULY 2000

Express Services Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

48 Government Accounting Office (GAO), “Postal Service Reform: Issues Relevant to

Changing Restrictions on Private Letter Delivery,” Report to the Ranking Minority Member,

Subcommittee on Post Office and Civil Service, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S.

Senate, GAO/GGD-96-129A, vol. 1, Sept. 1996.

 

49 National treatment generally accords to foreign firms the same rights and obligations

accorded to domestic firms. 

 

50 Benchmarks comprise full and partial commitments. Full commitments are obligations to

accord foreign firms full market access and national treatment. Partial commitments are

obligations to accord foreign firms at least some degree of market access and/or national

treatment subject to specified limitations. Where GATS signatories have scheduled full and

partial commitments, they may introduce new trade-impeding measures only if they are willing

to compensate aggrieved parties. Where trade impediments remain unbound, no benchmarks

have been established, and signatories may introduce trade-impeding measures without penalty.

 

51 Under the WTO's Services Sectoral Classification List, express services are classified as

“courier services,” a subsector of communications services. The industry is defined as (1)

services consisting of pickup, transport and delivery services, whether for domestic or foreign

destinations of letters, parcels and packages rendered by courier and using one or more modes of

transport media, and (2) other transfer services by air or land without storage, for freight.

 

52 Prehearing Brief of Federal Express Corp., submitted to the USITC, investigation No. 332-

367, July 12, 1996, p. 94.

8

initiatives to compete with electronic mail, facsimile, electronic bill payment, and other

electronic communication services.48 Governments are cautious, however, to maintain a

certain degree of protection for postal authorities to provide low-cost universal service to the

general public. 

Express Services and the GATS

The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which is the first multilateral, legally

enforceable agreement covering trade and investment in service industries, entered into force

on January 1, 1995. In large part, the details of the agreement are found in national schedules

of commitments submitted by WTO member countries. These schedules specify whether and

to what extent WTO members accord market access and national treatment49 to foreign

service suppliers. Additionally, the schedules serve as benchmarks50 for future efforts to

progressively liberalize services trade. 

During the Uruguay Round, 33 of the approximately 130 WTO member countries scheduled

full or partial commitments on courier services.51 U.S. express service carriers have expressed

dissatisfaction with the paucity of courier services commitments, which impedes regulatory

transparency and allows restrictions placed on express service carriers to become more

onerous.52 Further, where countries did schedule commitments on courier services, they

generally maintained the status quo, electing not to liberalize their markets. Representatives

of the U.S. express services industry have indicated that they hope that future rounds of

negotiations will achieve commitments that achieve substantial liberalization. 

Current GATS Negotiations

Despite the failure to launch a comprehensive new round of services negotiations during the

November 1999 Ministerial meeting in Seattle, trade negotiators began discussions in January
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Express Services

 

53 ACCA, “Article,” electronic mail, correspondence with USITC staff, May 5, 2000,

Washington, DC.

 

54 Such a paper was used effectively to achieve support of GATT (now WTO) member

countries for the extended negotiations on basic telecommunication services.

 

55 U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC), Recent Trends in U.S. Services Trade, 2000

Annual Report, investigation No. 332-345, USITC publication 3306, May 2000, p. 22-11. 

9

2000 with the objective of achieving progressive liberalization of international trade in

services. By convening in January, negotiators were fulfilling the mandate prescribed by

article 19 of the GATS, which states that:

“Members shall enter into successive rounds of negotiations, beginning

not later than five years from the date of entry into force of the WTO

Agreement, and periodically thereafter, with a view to achieving a

progressively higher level of liberalization.” 

One purpose of current services negotiations is to make the industry classification system better

reflect actual economic activity. ACCA has expressed concern that, because of the integrated

nature of the industry and broad range of issues that affect the provision of express services, the

current GATS sectoral classification for courier services may not reflect the true nature of the

industry and therefore does not ensure express service providers worldwide with effective market

access. As such, ACCA and its members seek to provide a sectoral classification for express

services based upon a significantly broader definition of the industry, which captures all of the

various services provided by express operators worldwide. To this end, ACCA has drafted the

following definition for express services:

Express services: the expedited transport and delivery of documents, printed

matter, and/or other goods, incorporating electronic tracking and/or other

advanced technologies, and services ancillary thereto. These services include

one or more value-added elements, such as pick up from shipper, guaranteed

delivery in a specified time, shipment tracking and tracing, customs facilitation,

the possibility of changing the destination/addressee in transit, confirmation of

receipt, and logistics management.53 

Further liberalization of express services could be attained through the traditional “requestoffer” negotiating process by which each WTO member identifies priorities for liberalization

in selected member countries, presents formal requests, and offers compensatory concessions.

A complementary approach could involve the development of a procompetitive regulatory

reference paper,54 which would provide a set of broad regulatory principles against which

countries could compare their regimes and determine whether and to what extent to bind

themselves.55 ACCA has proposed that such a reference paper would in part include regulatory

principles that--

• Seek to prevent or limit anti-competitive practices with respect

to postal operators;

• Establish industry-specific rules that favor competition;

• Ensure nondiscrimination and transparency in the

implementation of government policies; and
JULY 2000

Express Services Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

56 ACCA, Statement Regarding the WTO’s Multilateral Negotiations.

 

57 United States Trade Representative (USTR), “Guidance Cable,” electronic mail, USTR

correspondence, Apr. 10, 2000, Washington, DC.

 

58 Ibid.

10

• Encourage the adoption of the International Chamber of

Commerce customs guidelines.56

U.S. industry and U.S. Government officials are close to agreement about what could be carried

forward to the WTO’s Council for Trade in Services.57 U.S. agencies are endeavoring to

develop an acceptably broad definition of the express services industry. Some U.S. Government

officials have expressed concern that the current definition may exclude companies that offer

some, but not all, of the services included in ACCA’s proposed definition.58 In addition, it is

clear that specific language is needed that would stipulate that the proposed classification does

not override existing GATS provisions, such as the exclusion from the GATS of most airtransport services, pursuant to the annex on air-transport services. Further, proposed language

would stipulate that services supplied in the exercise of governmental authority, such as postal

authorities’ delivery of domestic mail, would not be impinged by proposed GATS disciplines.#
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Integration of Manufacturing

 

1

 The views expressed in this article are those of the authors. They are not the views of the

International Trade Commission (USITC) or any of the Commissioners.

 

2

 Official U.S. statistics, however, are increasingly unable to quantify the magnitude and scope

of production-sharing activity since a significant and growing portion of imports from

production-sharing operations does not enter under chapter 98 provisions because the goods are

eligible for duty-free treatment under other agreements or tariff-preference programs. Examples

are goods entering duty-free from Mexico and Canada under NAFTA, or from other countries

under the Generalized System of Preferences, or the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act

(CBERA); or products for which most duties have been reduced to zero, such as computers.

 

3

 For dutiable articles imported from countries (1) that are not subject to free-trade agreements

with the United States and (2) that are not beneficiaries of tariff preferences from the United

States, data on imports under HTS chapter 98 provisions (9802.00.60-.90) provide reliable

information on the value of U.S.-made components incorporated in the foreign assembly of such

articles.

 

4

 The final USITC report Production Sharing: Use of U.S. Components and Materials in

Foreign Assembly Operations, 1995-1998, USITC publication 3265, Dec. 1999, is available at

the ITC Web site http://www.usitc.gov/reports.htm (search by publication number). A printed

copy may be requested by fax (202-205-2104) or by calling 202-205-1809.

11

Production-Sharing Update: Developments

in 1999

Larry Brookhart1

Ralph Watkins1

watkins@usitc.gov

(202) 205-3492

Investment in production-sharing operations (the use of U.S.-made

components in foreign assembly plants) has become an integral part of

global efforts to reduce manufacturing costs and has contributed to the

accelerated pace of cross-border integration of manufacturing in North

America and the Caribbean Basin. Imports that incorporate U.S. content

can enter the United States either free of duty or at reduced duties under

the production-sharing provisions (9802.00.60 - .90) of chapter 98 of the

Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) which provide the only U.S. source of

data for documenting the use of U.S. components in foreign assembly.2

This article highlights 1999 developments regarding imports under the

production-sharing provisions, cross-border integration of manufacturing

in North America and the Caribbean Basin, and the use of U.S.-made

components in imports from Asia and Europe.3

This and future issues of the ITTR report will include appendix table A-5 to provide quarterly

developments in U.S. trade with NAFTA partners Canada and Mexico. The June or July

issue of each report also will include highlights of annual developments in foreign assembly

and related manufacturing integration activities with U.S. trade partners, and it will update

many of the statistical tables provided in appendix B of the Commission’s former annual

report on production sharing.4 Highlights of 1999 developments follow:
JULY 2000

Integration of Manufacturing Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

5

 Data on U.S. imports under the production-sharing tariff provisions, by country of origin and

commodity group, are available from the Commission’s Internet-based interactive tariff and trade

database, the DataWeb (http://dataweb.usitc.gov). Data in this article that are not shown in

appendix B of this publication are based on data found on the DataWeb.

 

6

 Despite significant understating of the use of U.S. parts in Mexican assembly operations

because of the diminished incentives to declare eligibility under the production-sharing tariff

provisions, Mexico accounted for more than one-half of the U.S. content in imports reported as

entered under these provisions in 1999 (table B-2).

 

7

 Data on motor vehicles and parts in this article are based on aggregations of data compiled

by the U.S. International Trade Commission for the following industry/commodity groups: ET

002 Internal combustion piston engines, other than for aircraft; ET007 Ignition, starting,

lighting, and other electrical equipment for motor vehicles; ET009 Motor vehicles; ET010

Certain motor-vehicle parts; MM067 Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft; MM068 Wiring

harnesses for motor vehicles; and MM069 Pumps for motor vehicles. See the forthcoming USITC

annual report Shifts in U.S. Merchandise Trade in 1999 for detailed information on trade and

industry performance in each of these commodity groups.

12

! Production sharing is an important aspect of globalization. Also known as co-production

or cross-border manufacturing networks, production sharing occurs when the processes

used to manufacture a good are in more than one country. Such rationalization of

production allows companies to reduce costs or to improve response time in order to

become more competitive and/or increase profits.

! Major North American production-sharing trade flows include the export of machinery,

components, and materials from the United States and the import of assembled motor

vehicles and auto parts from Canada and Mexico; apparel from the Caribbean Basin and

Mexico; and televisions, computer hardware, and telecommunications equipment from

Mexico. In addition, a number of companies assemble semiconductors in East Asia from

wafers fabricated in the United States. Although a growing number of vehicles imported

into the United States from Asia and Europe contain specialized U.S.-made parts, such

parts remain a small share of the total value of these vehicles.

! The countries chiefly responsible for the $145 million increase in the 1999 value of U.S.-

made components (U.S. content) contained in imports under the production-sharing

provisions were Korea (up by $256 million), Honduras ($186 million), the United

Kingdom ($119 million), El Salvador ($112 million), Malaysia ($83 million), and Japan

($70 million) (table B-2).5 Expanded trade from these countries contributed to the

reported 1999 value of U.S. content of $25.4 billion; and offset a decrease in the U.S.

content of production-sharing imports from Mexico of $556 million, which nonetheless

reached $13.9 billion in 1999.6

! Key products imported from the six countries responsible for most of the growth in the

U.S. content of imports under the production-sharing provisions in 1999 were motor

vehicles (the United Kingdom); apparel (Honduras and El Salvador); and semiconductors

(Malaysia, Korea, and Japan).

Automotive Sector

! Reflecting the highly evolved integration of the North American motor vehicle industry,

total U.S. imports of vehicles and parts7 from Canada rose by $11.0 billion (22 percent)

in 1999, to $60.7 billion, and such imports from Mexico expanded by $4.3 billion (17
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Integration of Manufacturing

 

8

 See table B-3 for a listing of the commodity groups classified as electronic products.

13

percent) to $28.7 billion. In comparison, total U.S. exports of vehicles and parts to

Canada grew by $4.5 billion (12 percent) in 1999 to $41.3 billion. Such exports to

Mexico declined by $265 million (3 percent) to $10.1 billion as a growing number of auto

parts manufacturers have established factories close to the vehicle assembly plants in

Mexico. Vehicle assembly in Mexico should receive a further boost with the initial

assembly of DaimlerChrysler’s PT Cruiser in Toluca in 2000 and the announcement that

Renault will supply vehicles for the North American market from the Nissan assembly

plant in Aguascalientes.

! Canada and Mexico combined are the leading suppliers of automotive equipment to the

U.S. market, accounting for 53 percent of total U.S. imports of motor vehicles and parts

in 1999. The automotive sector accounted for 31 percent of U.S. imports from Canada

in 1999 and 26 percent of U.S. imports from Mexico. By comparison, the NAFTA

partners were the destination for 76 percent of sector exports in 1999. The automotive

sector accounted for 42 percent of U.S. exports to Canada in 1999 and 12 percent of

exports to Mexico. 

! During the past decade, Ford Motor Co. purchased Jaguar and Land Rover of the United

Kingdom and Volvo’s car division of Sweden, while General Motors bought Saab of

Sweden. Ongoing efforts to reduce costs by developing commonly used parts may have

contributed to a sharp rise in the U.S. content of vehicles imported from the United

Kingdom and Sweden under HTS provision 9802.00.80 in 1999. The value of U.S. parts

contained in such vehicles from the United Kingdom rose from $18 million in 1998 to

$204 million in 1999. In comparison, the U.S. content of vehicles from Sweden imported

under 9802.00.80 more than tripled, rising from $20 million to $61 million.

! U.S. components (under HTS 9802) as a share of the total value of vehicles imported

from the United Kingdom grew from 1 percent in 1998 to 9 percent in 1999. For vehicles

from Sweden, the share increased from 1 percent to 3 percent. In contrast, U.S.

components accounted for less than 1 percent of the value of motor vehicles imported

from Japan, Germany, and Korea in 1999 (tables B-6, B-7, B-11).

Electronic Products

! Electronic products8 accounted for 26 percent of U.S. total imports from Mexico in 1999,

as such imports rose by $5.6 billion (24 percent) to $28.8 billion (table B-5). Virtually

all of the global leaders in the electronics industry have assembly plants in Mexico (or

contract with companies that have assembly plants there) to supply the North American

market with products requiring labor-intensive manufacturing processes.

! Electronic products assembly in Mexico relies on components from the United States and

Asia, with assembly of televisions and stereo equipment centered in Tijuana, Mexicali,

and Ciudad Juarez, and the assembly of computer hardware, telephones, and

semiconductors centered in Guadalajara. Total imports of computer hardware from

Mexico grew by $1.8 billion (33 percent) in 1999 to $7.2 billion, while total imports of

television equipment increased by $1.3 billion (23 percent) to $6.9 billion. Such imports

of telephone apparatus rose by $991 million (59 percent) to $2.7 billion (table B-5).
JULY 2000

Integration of Manufacturing Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

9

 Companies importing machinery and components from non-North American sources for use

in assembly plants in Mexico will begin paying duties on such imports as of Jan. 1, 2001. In

anticipation of these changes, many Asian- and European-owned maquiladoras have switched to

U.S. suppliers of components and materials or have convinced non-North American suppliers to

relocate to the United States or Mexico, or establish additional production facilities in North

America.

 

10 Mexico was the second-leading supplier of U.S. imports of electronic products in 1999 with

a 13-percent share. Japan was the top supplier ($44 billion) with a 19-percent share. Partly

reflecting the use of U.S.-made components in the assembly processes in Mexico, U.S. exports of

electronic products to Mexico in 1999 ($19.6 billion) were two-thirds the value of sector imports

from Mexico, while exports to Japan ($14.9 billion) were only one-third as large as imports from

Japan.

 

11 Although all semiconductors are eligible for duty-free entry into the United States, several

companies continue to import semiconductors under the production-sharing tariff provisions to

avoid the Customs Merchandise Processing Fee which is applicable to most products, except

those entering under NAFTA or the production-sharing provisions.

14

! Assembly in Mexico has become an important alternative to importing from Asia,

especially as more companies take advantage of preferential tariff treatment under

NAFTA.9 Statistics from the Government of Mexico indicate that nearly all electronic

products exported to the United States are assembled from imported components,

predominantly parts made in the United States. By contrast, only a small portion of all

electronic products imported from Asia contain U.S. components.10

! Semiconductor producers appear to be the only industry sector in Asia to make significant

use of U.S. content, as measured by products entering the United States under the

production-sharing provisions.11 Three countries (Korea, Malaysia, and the Philippines)

accounted for 43 percent ($16.1 billion) of total U.S. imports of semiconductors in 1999.

U.S. content (under HTS 9802) accounted for 18 percent ($3.0 billion) of the 1999 value

of semiconductor imports from these countries. By contrast, U.S. content accounted for

only 3 percent ($89 million) of the 1999 value of computer hardware imported from these

three countries ($15.7 billion) (tables B-3, B-9, B-10, and B-11).

! U.S. content contained in semiconductors imported from Korea and Malaysia under the

production-sharing provisions rose by $257 million (16 percent) in 1999 and were chiefly

responsible for the $145 million (1-percent) increase in the U.S. content of total HTS

9802 imports in 1999 to $25.4 billion. Such value fell by $1.4 billion (5 percent) in 1998

(tables B-1, B-10, and B-11).

! Canada also is an important U.S. partner in production-sharing in electronic goods,

mainly because of the proximity of markets and high level of overall economic integration

between the United States and Canada. The most important products involved in

U.S./Canadian production sharing are semiconductors, telecommunications equipment,

and computer hardware.
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Integration of Manufacturing

 

12 Dan River Inc., “Form 10-K/A” (report to the SEC), Mar. 15, 2000, p. 4.

 

13 Representative of Cone Mills Corporation, telephone interview with USITC staff, June 29,

2000.

15

Apparel

! U.S.-formed and cut fabric contained in apparel imported under HTS 9802.00.80 and .90

decreased by $114 million (1 percent) in 1999 to $8.1 billion (table B-3). Apparel

accounted for 78 percent ($1.5 billion) of the total duty savings achieved by importing

goods under the production-sharing provisions in 1999 (table B-17).

! Most apparel imported from Mexico and the Caribbean Basin is sewn from U.S.-origin

fabric, while apparel imported from Asia is not. Total imports of apparel from Mexico

increased by $1.0 billion (15 percent) in 1999 to $7.8 billion, while apparel imported from

the Caribbean Basin grew by $533 million (7 percent) to $8.8 billion. Mexico and the

Caribbean Basin together supplied 29 percent of total U.S. imports of apparel in 1999.

China ($7.4 billion) accounted for 13 percent.

! Apparel sewn from U.S.-origin fabric and imported under the production sharing

provisions of HTS chapter 98 accounted for 69 percent of apparel imported into the

United States from Mexico (table B-5) in 1999, 83 percent from the Caribbean Basin, and

1percent from China.

! Several U.S. and Asian textile companies have taken advantage of NAFTA provisions

that allow duty- and quota-free entry into the United States of Mexican apparel sewn from

fabric made with North American yarn by establishing vertically integrated production

facilities in Mexico to make fabric (rather than supply U.S.-origin fabric) for customers

with sewing operations in Mexico. Further, some firms are offering “full-package”

options to apparel distributors and retailers that include sewing the apparel on site. These

integrated mills, for the most part, produce denim jeans and cotton shirts, although some

more recently established operations use petrochemicals of Mexican origin to produce

man-made fibers and apparel from the resulting polyester/cotton blend fabrics.

! The impact of these integrated mills on overall U.S. operations has yet to be determined

because several did not start operations until late 1999 and some are still under

construction. Although the nature and purpose of these integrated operations varies by

company, U.S. textile producers generally are establishing integrated mills in Mexico in

an effort to compete in North American markets with Asian suppliers. Dan River closed

several U.S. plants and shifted a significant portion of its apparel fabrics manufacturing

capacity to Mexico in order to improve the cost structure of its apparel fabrics

operations.12 Recent layoffs by Cone Mills reflect the elimination of its unprofitable U.S.

operations making shirt fabrics; its integrated mills in Mexico produce a basic grade of

denim that complements the higher-value added denim manufactured domestically.13

Burlington Industries, in early 1999, closed seven U.S. apparel fabric plants (including

one denim facility) as part of a move to reduce its U.S. capacity by 25 percent because

of competition from low-priced garment imports from Asia; since 1998, Burlington has

established five plants in Mexico to produce denim, worsted wool, wool blend fabrics, and
JULY 2000

Integration of Manufacturing Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

14 Burlington Industries, Inc., “Burlington to Reorganize Apparel Fabrics Business in

Comprehensive Plan for Future,” Jan. 26, 1999 news release found at Internet address

http://www.burlington.com/news/releases/release.asp?File_Name=61, retrieved June 30, 2000.

 

15 The description, in this section, of procedures related to compliance with U.S. and Mexican

tax laws, and their impact on business decision making, is intended to be a summary only. The

Commission does not administer U.S. tax laws and has no specialized expertise regarding the tax

matters noted. Accordingly, the reader is referred to the sources cited in the footnotes in this

section and to the actual U.S. and Mexican statutory provisions and any interpretative or

explanatory regulations issued thereunder. 

16

finished apparel products in an effort to serve its apparel customers there and to enhance

the company’s ability to compete globally.14

! U.S. imports of apparel assembled in Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA)

countries from U.S. yarns and fabrics will be eligible for tariff treatment essentially

equivalent to that for similar apparel imported from Mexico under NAFTA, based on

Title II of the Trade and Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-200) enacted in May

2000. For more information, see the following related article. The act is expected to

increase use of the production-sharing tariff provisions when importing apparel from

CBERA countries.

! Of the six leading CBERA suppliers of apparel, the U.S. content of production-sharing

imports from Honduras and El Salvador grew by $298 million in 1999, imports from the

Dominican Republic and Costa Rica were up slightly (by $21 million), and imports from

Guatemala and Jamaica fell by $118 million. 

! The U.S. content of production sharing imports from Haiti and Nicaragua, the countries

with the lowest labor rates among CBERA suppliers, grew by $37 million (18 percent)

in 1999 to $243 million, but accounted for only 5 percent of production-sharing imports

from CBERA countries that year. Industry concerns regarding infrastructure capabilities

(both physical and institutional) continue to discourage some companies from establishing

assembly plants in these countries.

Tax and Regulatory Changes in Mexico Affecting U.S.

Affiliated Assembly Operations15

! The Government of Mexico unveiled a new tariff regime affecting companies operating

under its Maquiladora Decree. The new measures are intended to cushion the effects of

Mexico’s commitment under NAFTA to end tariff preferences under the Maquiladora and

PITEX programs for suppliers outside of North America with respect to imported

machinery, raw materials, and components used to make goods exported to Canada and

the United States. Mexico agreed to terminate such tariff exemptions on imports by

January 1, 2001.

• Approximately 15 percent of all inputs to the maquiladora industry are supplied from

outside North America. For many of these inputs, Mexico will unilaterally reduce the
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Integration of Manufacturing

 

16 The decree creating the Sectoral Promotion Programs was issued on May 9, 2000, and

covers 10,911 products in 10 industries. According to the Government of Mexico, an additional

list with inputs for sectors such as textiles and apparel, chemicals, automotive, and steel will be

published in the near future. See “Modifications to the Maquiladora Regime,” in NAFTA Works

(published by the Embassy of Mexico, SECOFI-NAFTA Office, Washington, DC), Vol. 5, Issue

6, June 2000.

 

17 Ibid.

 

18 The “1999 Mexican Tax Reform” was published by the Government of Mexico in the

Diario Oficial on Dec. 31, 1998. 

 

19 Mexico’s initial reforms, reportedly intended to collect more tax revenue from foreign

companies participating in the maquiladora industry, and the likely company responses, are

summarized (among other articles) in John A. McLees and Jaime Gonzalez-Bendiksen (each of

Baker & McKenzie), “Mexico Moves to Tax Income and Assets of U.S. Companies With

Maquiladora or PITEX Operations,” Tax Notes International, Mar. 22, 1999, p. 1183ff.

 

20 The compromise reached by Treasury and Hacienda, as well as remaining industry

concerns, are discussed in McLees, Gonzalez-Bendiksen, and Paulina Zubikarai-Espinosa (of

Baker & McKenzie), “New Tax Regime for the Mexican Maquiladora Industry–Mexico Begins

to Clarify Points Left Open by the Intergovernmental Agreement,” North American Free Trade &

Investment Report, Nov. 30, 1999, p. 1ff; and McLees, Gonzalez-Bendiksen, “Changes in

Mexican Tax Policies for Maquiladoras Leave Company Concerns Unresolved,” Tax Notes

International, 17 July 2000, p. 251ff.

 

21 McLees and Gonzalez-Bendiksen, “Mexico Moves to Tax Income and Assets,” p. 1183.

17

“Normal Trade Relations” rate of duty to between 0-5 percent.16 The new tariff

ceilings will apply to such key manufacturing inputs as vehicle parts, plastics, and

textiles, ensuring that Mexican import duties will remain on a par with tariffs applied

by both Canada and the United States.

• A number of industry sectors, such as electronics, furniture, toys, and agricultural

machinery, will have tariffs reduced to zero. The lower tariff rates will become

effective November 1, 2000, for firms operating under the Maquiladora and PITEX

programs, and January 1, 2001, for all other importers.17

! Uncertainty over reforms in Mexico’s tax laws announced on December 31, 1998,18 and

to be implemented on January 1, 2000, contributed to slowed investment in Mexico’s

maquiladora industry during 1999, and reportedly changed the way some U.S. companies

do business in Mexico.19 The U.S. Department of the Treasury and Mexico’s Hacienda

(equivalent to the U.S. Treasury) announced an agreement on October 29, 1999, that sets

forth specific standards that Mexico may use to increase income tax collections from

Mexican maquiladora companies themselves in exchange for agreeing not to tax U.S.

companies (including affiliates) doing business with such maquiladoras. The agreement

is designed to remove prospects for double taxation of U.S. companies with maquiladora

operations, but industry concerns regarding Mexico’s tax reform remain.20

• U.S. companies using the processing services of a company registered under

Mexico’s Maquiladora Decree (or the alternative “PITEX” regime) had been exempt

from paying (1) Mexican income tax on their income from sales of goods processed

by the maquiladora for export from Mexico and (2) asset tax on assets owned in

Mexico, though they received only a partial exemption from Mexican asset tax if the

operation’s output is delivered to customers in Mexico.21
JULY 2000

Integration of Manufacturing Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

22 Ibid.

 

23 For companies registered under the Maquiladora Program, the “permanent establishment”

taxes would not apply until Jan. 1, 2000. Several of these companies altered their operations in

anticipation of implementation of the Mexican Tax Reforms.

 

24 According to McLees and Gonzalez-Bendiksen, based on the manner in which the IRS

interprets the source-of-income rules under section 863(b) of the Internal Revenue Code (26

U.S.C. 863(b)). The authors also note that “article 5 of the Mexico-U.S. income tax treaty

provides that a U.S. company will have a permanent establishment in Mexico for the purposes of

the treaty if it owns goods or merchandise in Mexico that are processed by a dependent agent

using assets provided directly or indirectly by the U.S. company. Most U.S. companies organize

their maquiladoras or PITEX operations in that way.” McLees and Gonzalez-Bendiksen,

“Mexico Moves to Tax Income,” p. 1183.

 

25 McLees, Gonzalez-Bendiksen, and Zubikarai-Espinosa, “New Tax Regime,” p. 3. An

unofficial English translation of the revised regulations are included in McLees, GonzalezBendiksen, “Changes in Mexican Tax Policies,” p. 256.

 

26 Choosing one of the alternatives set forth in the agreement will be useful for U.S.

companies that do not find it convenient to structure their relationships with their Mexican

maquiladoras in a manner that prevents them from having a permanent establishment in Mexico

under the terms of the U.S.-Mexico income tax treaty. McLees, Gonzalez-Bendiksen, and

Zubikarai-Espinosa, “New Tax Regime,” p. 4.

 

27 Alternatives include (1) the maquiladora’s taxable income exceeds a new safe harbor

threshold, defined by the agreement as the greater of 6.9 percent of the value of the assets used in

Mexico and 6.5 percent of the maquiladora’s operating expenses, or (2) the maquiladora obtains

a transfer pricing ruling under a new methodology that takes foreign-owned assets into account

in determining the price to be received by the maquiladora in its transactions with its U.S.

affiliate. McLees, Gonzalez-Bendiksen, and Zubikarai-Espinosa, “New Tax Regime,” p. 3f.

18

• On October 15, 1998, U.S. companies with PITEX operations were declared to have

“permanent establishments” in Mexico and were no longer eligible for those

exemptions.22 Similarly, the reforms announced on December 31, 1998, declared that

U.S. companies with maquiladoras would lose the tax exemption as well, effective

January 1, 2000. U.S. firms determined to have “permanent establishments” are also

subject to the imposition of the annual Mexican tax on foreign company assets,

including the value of machinery, inventory, and other assets owned in Mexico.23

Moreover, under Mexico’s tax reforms announced on December 31, 1998, companies

with assembly plants in Mexico were subject to tax on the same income in both

Mexico and the United States.24

• Under the U.S.-Mexico tax agreement announced in October 1999, the United States

agreed to grant a deduction for the payments that the U.S. company will need to make

to an affiliated maquiladora to enable the maquiladora to meet the new standards for

increasing its taxable income under the terms of Mexican regulations implementing

the intergovernmental agreement.25 “A maquiladora can elect one of the two

alternatives26 for increasing its own tax liability as a condition for preserving an

exemption for the U.S. company from Mexican income and asset taxes for the years

2000, 2001, and 2002.”27 However, according to industry sources, lack of certainty

over tax treatment in succeeding years continues to cause some companies to hesitate

in making additional investments in assembly plants in Mexico.
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Integration of Manufacturing

 

28 Lawrence W. Amrich, Government Relations Director for Mexico, Delphi Automotive

Systems, interview with USITC staff, May 8, 2000.

 

29 John A. McLees, partner in the Chicago office of Baker & McKenzie, telephone interview

with USITC staff, July 21, 2000.

 

30 Ibid.

 

31 Ibid.

19

• As a result of these tax policy changes, many U.S. companies with affiliates

operating under the PITEX regime, particularly automotive parts producers,28 shifted

the registration of their affiliates to the Maquiladora Program in order to maintain the

tax-free treatment of the U.S. company. Further, maquiladoras that deliver part of

their output to assembly plants or final customers in Mexico continue to transport

those products into the United States before delivering them to the Mexican customers

in order to obtain several advantages:29 (1) they can avoid asset tax that could be

imposed on part of the value of machinery and equipment being used in Mexico, (2)

they can maintain their ability to recover payments of Mexican Value Added Tax

(VAT) on sales to Mexican customers, and (3) they can avoid imposition of VAT and

customs duties at a later date on part of the value of machinery and equipment

imported into Mexico between January 1, 1999 and November 1, 2000. The trade

offs may include higher transportation costs, slower delivery times for their customers

in Mexico, and the imposition of Mexican duties on reimportation of products into

Mexico that may not qualify for duty-free treatment under NAFTA.

• Under the new rules set forth in the October 1999 agreement, the prospect for double

taxation is reduced for a U.S. company whose maquiladora meets the requirements

under new Mexican regulations implementing that agreement, and the tax liabilities

of the maquiladoras are increased.30 The revision permits a U.S. company to continue

to participate in the Mexican maquiladora program for the next three years without

being taxed as having a permanent establishment in Mexico.

• This resolution does not, however, remove the incentive to ship products into the

United States before delivering them to customers in Mexico.31 That will continue to

be a preferred method for many companies operating in the border area to avoid the

imposition of Mexican asset tax and nonrecoverable VAT, and possibly to reduce

future Mexican customs duties as well, as a result of shipment of products from a

maquiladora operation directly to customers in Mexico.#

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Apparel

 

1

 The views expressed in this article are those of the author. They are not the views of the

U.S. International Trade Commission or any of the Commissioners.

 

2

 U.S. House of Representatives, Conference Report: Trade and Development Act of 2000,

106th Cong., 2d sess., H. Rpt. 106-606, May 4, 2000, p. 99.

21

Apparel Market: New U.S. Legislation

Places CBERA Countries on a More Equal

Competitive Basis with Mexico

Laura Rodriguez-Archila1

lrodriguez@usitc.gov

(202) 205-3499

New U.S. legislation will give beneficiary countries under the Caribbean

Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) tariff treatment for apparel that is

essentially equivalent to the trade preferences being granted to similar

goods from Mexico under the North American Free-Trade Agreement

(NAFTA). U.S. imports of most apparel from CBERA countries will be

eligible to enter free of duty beginning on October 1, 2000, thereby

eliminating a major competitive disadvantage faced by these countries with

Mexico since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994. The new legislation

is expected to benefit (1) U.S. textile producers by stimulating U.S. exports

of yarns and fabrics to CBERA countries, and (2) U.S. firms assembling

apparel of U.S. components in CBERA countries by improving their ability

to compete in the U.S. market with Asian apparel producers, who seldom

use U.S. materials. Major beneficiaries of the legislation likely will be U.S.

producers of underwear, foundation garments, and outerwear T-shirts,

which had made major investments in CBERA countries before NAFTA and

which have since expanded their use of assembly operations there. This

article examines the new legislation, U.S. trade in such goods, and the

recent business strategies and outlook for U.S. producers.

The United States-Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (the act) was enacted on May 18,

2000, as Title II of the Trade and Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-200). The act

includes a long-term plan to promote economic recovery in CBERA countries, particularly

by enhancing opportunities for these countries to expand their trade with the United States,

and for U.S. textile and apparel firms to expand production-sharing arrangements with

CBERA countries, “thereby sustaining and preserving manufacturing operations in the United

States that would otherwise be relocated to the Far East.”2

The act grants NAFTA-equivalent tariff treatment to certain textiles and apparel from

CBERA countries (subject to statutory criteria for country and product eligibility) during a

transition period beginning on October 1, 2000, and ending on the earlier of September 30,

2008, or the date on which the Free-Trade Area of the Americas or a comparable free-trade
JULY 2000

Apparel Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

3

 The act also grants NAFTA-equivalent tariff treatment to articles, except textiles and

apparel, that are ineligible for duty-free treatment under the 1983 CBERA (e.g., petroleum and

related products, canned tuna, watches, footwear, handbags, luggage, flat goods, work gloves,

and leather apparel).

 

4

 The act contains safeguards to protect against import surges of textiles and apparel from

CBERA countries and provisions to deal with illegal transshipments of textiles or apparel from a

CBERA country.

 

5

 Knitwear (except socks) includes apparel cut and assembled from regional knit fabrics or

knit-to-shape directly from U.S. yarns. 

 

6

 In general, for the 1-year period beginning on October 1, 2001, and in each of the six

succeeding 1-year periods, preferential treatment is granted to firms whose total costs of U.S.

fabric components in the previous 1-year period is at least 75 percent of the aggregate declared

customs value of the fabric contained in all of their brassieres entered in that period.

 

7

 Under annex 401 of NAFTA, apparel inputs in “short supply” include fine-count cotton knit

fabrics for nightwear and certain underwear; linen; silk; cotton velveteen and fine-wale corduroy

fabrics; certain hand-woven Harris Tweed wool fabrics; certain woven wool fabrics made with

fine animal hair; certain lightweight, high-thread count polyester-cotton woven fabrics; and

certain lightweight, high-thread count woven fabrics for use in men’s and boys’ shirts. 

22

agreement between the United States and CBERA countries enters into force.3 The textile and

apparel articles that will be eligible to enter free of duty and quota are as follows:4

! Apparel assembled in CBERA countries from fabrics wholly made and cut in the

United States of U.S. yarns. 

! Apparel cut and assembled in CBERA countries from fabrics wholly made in the

United States of U.S. yarns, and sewn together with U.S. thread.

! Knitwear, except socks, made of fabrics formed in CBERA countries of U.S.

yarns (regional knit fabrics).5 The trade preferences are capped at 4.2 million

dozen for outerwear T-shirts and 250 million square meter equivalents for other

knit apparel (e.g., underwear) for the 1-year period beginning on October 1, 2000. 

Both caps are to be increased by 16 percent annually through September 30, 2004,

and remain at those levels through September 30, 2008, or such other amounts as

may be provided by law.

! Certain brassieres cut and sewn or otherwise assembled in the United States or

CBERA countries, or both. In general, preferential treatment is granted only to

firms that use mostly U.S. fabric components.6

! Apparel assembled in CBERA countries from fibers, yarns, or fabrics deemed to

be in “short supply” in the United States, as identified in annex 401 of NAFTA.7

! Certified handloomed, handmade, and folklore articles originating in CBERA

countries.

! Textile luggage assembled in CBERA countries from fabrics wholly made in the

United States of U.S. yarns.

The trade benefits listed above are expected to spur long-term economic growth in CBERA

countries by enhancing opportunities for these countries to expand trade with the United States
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Apparel

 

8

 Under the act, up to 25 percent of the cost of the components of the article can consist of

foreign findings and trimmings (e.g., buttons), and certain foreign interlinings, and up to

7 percent of the total weight of the article can consist of fibers or yarns that are not made in the

United States or CBERA countries, except for elastomeric yarns, which must be wholly made in

the United States.

 

9

 The United States currently has preferential quotas for 807A imports (known as guaranteed

access levels (GALs)) and regular quotas with six CBERA countries--Costa Rica, the Dominican

Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Jamaica.

 

10 The dutiable foreign value-added accounted for 31 percent of the customs value of U.S.

imports of underwear, foundation garments, and outerwear T-shirts from CBERA countries in

1999, and the duty-free U.S. value was 69 percent. The effective U.S. rate of duty on such

CBERA goods averaged 4.7 percent ad valorem.

23

and, at the same time, promote the growth of U.S. exports and the use of U.S. fabric, yarn,

and cotton.8

U.S. Trade Programs Spur Production-Sharing Apparel

Imports

The act builds upon existing U.S. trade programs that have encouraged U.S. producers of

apparel to establish production-sharing arrangements in CBERA countries and Mexico (see

related article in this issue). Under the production-sharing provisions of chapter 98 of the

Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS), formerly the “807" tariff provision,

U.S. importers receive a partial-duty exemption for articles assembled abroad in whole or in

part of U.S. components. In general, the duty is assessed only on the value added abroad

(mainly the cost of sewing the garment parts together). The fabric for making the apparel

parts can be of either U.S. or foreign origin as long as the fabric is cut to shape in the United

States, exported ready for assembly, and not advanced in value abroad except by assembly

and incidental operations. During the late 1980s, the United States created special programs

under the former 807 tariff provision for CBERA countries and Mexico to give these

countries, in addition to the reduced duties, virtually unlimited market access for apparel

assembled there from fabrics wholly made and cut in the United States (commonly known as

“807A” imports).9 With the implementation of NAFTA in 1994, however, U.S. imports of

807A-type apparel from Mexico became eligible to enter completely free of duty and quota.

By contrast, imports of similar 807A-type apparel from CBERA countries can enter under

preferential quotas but are still subject to duty on the value added abroad (up until October

1, 2000).10

The change in the conditions of competition between Mexico and CBERA countries following

the implementation of NAFTA is especially evident in the segment of the U.S. apparel

industry making underwear, foundation garments, and outerwear T-shirts (hereafter referred

to as undergarments and outerwear T-shirts). These garments were among the few apparel

items for which the United States immediately eliminated tariffs for Mexico upon

implementation of NAFTA in 1994. As a result, U.S. imports of these garments from Mexico

have grown by 585 percent since pre-NAFTA 1993, to $1.5 billion, or 22 percent of the total,

while those from CBERA countries rose by 251 percent to $2.9 billion, or 44 percent of the

total (table 1). Nonetheless, the CBERA countries and Mexico together expanded their share

of U.S. imports of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts from 52 percent in 1993
JULY 2000

Apparel Industry Trade and Technology Review

24

Table 1

Undergarments and outerwear T-shirts: U.S. imports for consumption, by products and selected sources,

1993-99

(1,000 dollars)

Item Mexico

CBERA

countries Asia Other Total

Underwear:

1993 ........................ 69,654 408,823 301,915 78,124 858,516

1994 ........................ 109,556 526,119 343,918 104,782 1,084,375

1995 ........................ 164,414 756,142 438,459 146,925 1,505,940

1996 ........................ 197,103 890,856 450,748 177,955 1,716,662

1997 ........................ 265,478 1,220,560 555,886 210,437 2,252,361

1998 ........................ 357,528 1,353,912 613,059 249,396 2,573,895

1999 ........................ 330,073 1,644,507 736,851 299,419 3,010,850

Foundation garments:1

1993 ........................ 103,945 284,281 203,798 26,501 618,525

1994 ........................ 130,586 332,138 226,354 36,057 725,135

1995 ........................ 176,664 426,253 250,560 49,008 902,485

1996 ........................ 186,524 364,562 246,498 47,826 845,410

1997 ........................ 222,795 416,848 252,442 54,101 946,186

1998 ........................ 256,573 434,729 321,244 72,399 1,084,945

1999 ........................ 326,120 456,538 446,963 107,951 1,337,572

Outerwear T-shirts:2

1993 ........................ 43,254 142,457 229,280 139,332 554,323

1994 ........................ 91,913 165,493 237,379 186,732 681,517

1995 ........................ 219,164 252,139 247,848 202,947 922,098

1996 ........................ 412,066 388,077 203,004 222,686 1,225,833

1997 ........................ 476,271 598,984 224,058 260,357 1,559,670

1998 ........................ 596,637 773,566 277,486 330,695 1,978,384

1999 ........................ 828,998 832,814 330,766 387,665 2,380,243

Total:

1993 ........................ 216,853 835,561 734,993 243,957 2,031,364

1994 ........................ 332,055 1,023,750 807,651 327,571 2,491,027

1995 ........................ 560,242 1,434,534 936,867 398,880 3,330,523

1996 ........................ 795,693 1,643,495 900,250 448,467 3,787,905

1997 ........................ 964,544 2,236,392 1,032,386 524,895 4,758,217

1998 ........................ 1,210,738 2,562,207 1,211,789 652,490 5,637,224

1999 ........................ 1,485,191 2,933,859 1,514,580 795,035 6,728,665

 

1

 Includes brassieres, girdles, and corsets.

 

2

 Also includes tank tops.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Apparel

25

to 66 percent in 1999 (Fig. 1). Imports of such goods from Asia rose by 106 percent during

the period, to $1.5 billion, but the Asian share of total imports fell from 36 to 23 percent. The

absolute growth in imports from Asia reflected an increase in shipments from China and from

countries whose currencies declined substantially in value during the Asian financial crisis of

1997-98, which effectively reduced U.S. prices of their goods in the U.S. market.

U.S. Producers Face Growing Competition in Domestic

Market

Because of the growing role of the CBERA countries and Mexico in the U.S. market for

undergarments and outerwear T-shirts, the remainder of this article focuses on recent market

conditions for these goods as well as recent business strategies and the outlook for U.S.

producers of these goods. The U.S. market for undergarments and outerwear T-shirts is

characterized by growing imports, which now account for most of apparent U.S. consumption

of these goods (table 2). Much of the import growth since pre-NAFTA 1993 has consisted

of shipments under the production-sharing provisions of HTS chapter 98, mostly from

CBERA countries and Mexico. 

The U.S. market for undergarments and outerwear T-shirts is also characterized by the

growing buying power of large retailers and by changing consumer preferences. A growing

concentration of retail sales among a few large retailers has enhanced the bargaining power

of these retailers in negotiating prices and other contract terms with
JULY 2000

Apparel Industry Trade and Technology Review

26

Table 2

Undergarments and outerwear T-shirts: U.S. production, exports of domestic merchandise, imports for

consumption, apparent consumption, and ratio of total imports to apparent consumption, 1993-99 

Year Production Exports

Imports

total 9802 trade

Apparent

consumption

Import

share

 ————————————— 1,000 units ———————————— Percent

Underwear:

1993 ................. 2,032,824 387,036 981,228 504,804 2,627,016 37.4

1994 ................. 2,023,698 466,488 1,194,720 584,736 2,084,384 57.3

1995 ................. 1,851,032 624,492 1,556,316 897,756 2,782,856 55.9

1996 ................. 1,844,648 770,532 1,718,532 1,185,060 2,792,468 61.5

1997 .................

12,067,154 929,088 2,148,408 1,502,964 3,286,474 65.4

1998 ................. 1,607,575 846,876 2,367,828 1,322,256 3,128,527 75.7

1999 ................. 1,657,464 984,647 2,682,504 1,838,976 3,355,321 79.9

Foundation garments:

1993 ................. 314,220 245,112 316,572 239,304 385,680 82.1

1994 .................

2349,241 271,704 333,408 206,100 410,945 81.1

1995 .................

2397,483 336,456 399,648 287,472 460,675 86.8

1996 ................. 352,377 294,288 352,524 238,488 410,613 85.9

1997 ................. 361,580 293,892 363,336 220,560 410,613 85.9

1998 ................. 347,309 329,208 396,996 194,796 415,097 95.6

1999 ................. 384,226 371,324 467,140 221,064 480,042 97.3

Outerwear T-shirts:3

1993 ................. 981,108 133,618 223,848 68,009 1,071,338 20.9

1994 ................. 1,034,933 141,062 281,135 102,369 1,175,006 23.9

1995 ................. 1,084,916 194,817 388,126 183,890 1,278,233 30.4

1996 ................. 1,156,071 225,199 552,430 306,484 1,483,302 37.2

1997 ................. 1,090,573 343,656 746,195 500,768 1,493,112 50.0

1998 ................. 1,071,815 350,422 966,943 664,450 1,688,336 57.3

1999 ................. 1,160,891 609,333 1,181,608 756,568 1,733,166 68.2

1

 Partly estimated by USITC staff.

2

 Excludes foundation garments for girls.

3

 Also includes tank tops.

Source: Data for underwear and foundation garments are from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the

Census, Current Industrial Reports: Apparel (MQ315A(99)-4), Fourth Quarter 1999, issued June 2000, and selected

back issues; Current Industrial Reports: Apparel - 1998 Summary (MQ23A(98)), issued Sept. 3, 1999, table 5, and

selected back issues. For outerwear T-shirts and tank tops, production data are from the previously mentioned

Current Industrial Reports; import and export data are compiled by USITC staff from official statistics of the U.S.

Department of Commerce.
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Apparel

 

11 See, for example, Karen J. Sack, Standard & Poor’s, “Consumers Alter Shopping Habits,”

Retailing: General, (Industry Surveys series), Feb. 5, 1998.

 

12 “Intimate Apparel Spending up by 8.9% to $3.04 Billion, 41% of Which on Bras: Analysis

of Market Drivers and Trends,” Body Fashions Intimate Apparel, Nov. 1998, found at Internet

address http://www3.xls.com/cgi-bin/rdssuite.exe, retrieved Dec. 1, 1999.

 

13 Roxanna Guilford, “Understanding the Challenges of Underwear,” Apparel Industry

Magazine, Nov. 1999, found at Internet address http://www.aimagazine.com/nov99stor11.html,

retrieved Jan. 10, 2000.

 

14 Sara Lee Corporation, Investing in What Counts: 1999 Annual Report, Chicago, IL, Aug.

26, 1999, pp. 29-30, and Fruit of the Loom, Inc., “Form 10-K/A” (report to the U.S. Securities

and Exchange Commission (SEC)), Feb. 29, 2000.

 

15 The Warnaco Group, Inc., “Form 10-K/A” (report to the SEC), Mar. 29, 1999, and an

official of The Warnaco Group, Inc., interview with USITC staff, Apr. 19, 2000. 

27

suppliers.11 Consumer attitudes about shopping for undergarments have changed during the

past decade. According to a trade report, women have shifted their perception of intimate

apparel from basic necessities to “fashion items,” and their interest in a more casual lifestyle

and exercise have helped boost sales of sports undergarments.12 The aging of the baby boom

generation has sparked interest in new body-firming shapewear products and has led to a

revival of traditional foundation garments such as girdles. Like apparel consumers in general,

consumers of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts have less time to shop; are more educated

and demanding than they were in the past; and want convenient, immediate access to a wide

selection of products that offer quality, value, fashion, and comfort.13

Competitive Climate Drives Business Strategies

The U.S. industry making undergarments and outerwear T-shirts is made up of several large

firms that are leading suppliers in domestic markets in which they compete and many smaller

firms that produce a limited number of garment styles for niche markets. Although

concentration in the overall U.S. apparel industry is relatively low, concentration is relatively

high in certain segments making undergarments and outerwear T-shirts. For example, Sara

Lee Corporation (e.g., Hanes underwear) and Fruit of the Loom, Inc., together account for

slightly more than two-thirds of the U.S. market for men’s and boys’ underwear and about

one-half of the domestic market for women’s and girls’ underwear by quantity.14 Sara Lee also

supplied 34 percent of the U.S. brassiere market by value in 1999, up from 25 percent in

1994. The Warnaco Group, Inc. (e.g., Warner’s, Olga, and Calvin Klein intimate apparel)

has a 40-percent share of the U.S. women’s brassiere market in department and specialty

stores, 28 percent in panties, and 24 percent in shapewear.15

New Products and Marketing Methods

According to information obtained primarily from company annual reports and submissions

to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (e.g., Form 10-K reports), U.S. producers

of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts are focusing on product development, brand

promotion, and marketing in an effort to target consumer needs and compete in markets at

different price points. They are moving from manufacturing solely commodity goods to

developing new products (e.g., the Wonderbra by Sara Lee) and brand names that offer

consumers quality and fashion at competitive prices. Firms are using new or innovative

fabrics to increase the comfort and appeal of their products; for example, microfibers are
JULY 2000

Apparel Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

16 Proprietary knitting technology developed by Sara Lee enabled the firm to introduce

seamless products (brassieres, panties, and shapewear products) that have generated about $100

million in sales. See Sara Lee Corporation, Investing in What Counts: 1999 Annual Report,

p. 28.

 

17 For example, the Vanity Fair division of VF Corp. signed a licensing agreement with NIKE,

Inc., for a new line of sports bras (see VF Corp., 1998 Annual Report, Greensboro, NC, Feb. 4,

1999, p. 3) and Warnaco entered into a licensing agreement with Weight Watchers to market

shapewear and activewear for the mass market (see The Warnaco Group, Inc., “Form 10-K/A,”

Mar. 29, 1999, p. 5).

 

18 For example, Kellwood Co. (a global marketer and producer of apparel and recreational

camping goods) acquired Biflex International (see Kellwood Co., “Kellwood Company Acquires

Biflex International Inc., --Intimate Apparel Maker,” news release, Jan. 4, 2000), and The

Warnaco Group in 1996 acquired GJM, a maker of sleepwear and intimate apparel; Lejaby, a

leading maker of intimate apparel in Europe; and BodySlimmers, a designer and producer of

body slimming undergarments (see The Warnaco Group, Inc., “Form 10-K/A,” Mar. 29, 1999,

pp. 1-2).

 

19 Fruit of the Loom, Inc., “Form 10-K/A” (report to the SEC), Apr. 2, 1999, p. 6.

 

20 Official of a U.S. undergarment firm, telephone interview with USITC staff, Feb. 11, 2000.

28

being used to produce lightweight, seamless undergarments having comfort and stretch.16

Producers are also entering into licensing agreements with other firms to expand their market

penetration and enhance their product offerings.17

U. S. producers of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts have also invested in “quick

response” (QR) manufacturing, distribution, and information technologies in order to expedite

product delivery and marketing of their goods. QR systems use computers to speed the flow

of goods, services, and information between segments of the supply chain, linking producers

with suppliers and retailers to ensure that retailers have their shelves continually replenished

with the products their customers want, at the right time, and in the right place. A number of

large U.S. apparel firms have formed “strategic alliances” with their retail customers in an

effort to enhance their competitive position. Facilitated by investments in new technologies,

these firms conduct collaborative planning with retailers and provide them with inventory

management services and automatic replenishment of inventories when they fall to specified

levels.

U.S. Producers Restructuring Operations

The U.S. industry making undergarments and outerwear T-shirts has experienced a significant

decline in industry employment. Between 1995 and 1999, employment fell by 52 percent to

49,000 employees, almost double the 27 percent decline in employment for the overall U.S.

apparel industry. Producers have consolidated production, divested noncore product lines, and

pursued acquisitions and mergers to reduce costs, broaden their target markets, increase their

visibility by adding recognized brand names, and extend their geographic presence.18 Firms

have also shifted their focus from manufacturing-driven to consumer or marketing-driven

operations and using domestic and foreign contractors to make garments to their specifications

(“outsourcing”). According to a U.S. producer, the use of foreign contractors can help firms

more rapidly bridge the move from domestic manufacturing to offshore plants, manufacture

low-volume specialty garments, accommodate seasonal or one-time programs, and balance

internal capacity requirements.19 However, because contractors are intermediaries, their use

can lower a firm’s profit margins.20
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Apparel

 

21 Information in paragraph is from Sara Lee Corporation, “Sara Lee Corporation DeVerticalizes United States Yarn and Textile Manufacturing,” press release, found at Internet

address http://www.saralee.com/ corporate/corpnews, retrieved Feb. 13, 1998; Jules Abend,

“National Textiles Business is Booming,” Bobbin, Oct. 1999, pp. 56-57; and National Textiles,

L.L.C., “About Our Products,” found at Internet address www.nationaltextiles.com, retrieved July

13, 2000.

 

22 Information in paragraph on Fruit of the Loom is from its Web site, http://www.fruit.com,

retrieved July 11, 2000.

 

23 Werner International, Inc., “Hourly Labor Cost in the Apparel Industry: Including Social

Benefits & Fringes,” New York, NY.

 

24 These labor costs do not take into account differences in productivity in each of the

country’s apparel industries. These types of comparative productivity data are not available.

29

Among recent restructurings in the industry making undergarments and outerwear T-shirts

was Sara Lee’s sale of its vertical manufacturing operations.21 In September 1997, Sara Lee

unveiled its program of “de-verticalization” to create a firm that is less vertically integrated,

owns fewer fixed assets, and uses knowledge-based skills to develop and market its goods.

As part of this program, Sara Lee sold nine textile facilities related to its U.S. knit products

business to a then newly established firm, National Textiles, L.L.C. National Textiles

currently supplies domestic yarn, fabric, and cut parts for several nationally known brandname apparel products, including undergarments under Sara Lee’s Hanes and Hanes Her Way

labels, and reportedly ships almost all of its cut parts to CBERA countries and Mexico for

assembly.

Fruit of the Loom has also restructured its operations extensively during the past 5 years.22

The firm has moved almost all of its sewing operations to CBERA countries and Mexico,

enabling the firm to reduce its assembly costs by more than $150 million annually. Fruit of

the Loom’s strategy is to use its automated textile production operations in the United States

for yarn spinning, knitting, bleaching and dyeing, in combination with low-cost operations in

CBERA countries and Mexico for labor-intensive cutting, sewing, and finishing activities.

On December 29, 1999, Fruit of the Loom filed voluntary petitions to reorganize under

Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

Foreign Assembly Becomes Principal Cost-Cutting Strategy

U.S. producers of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts have greatly expanded their use of

production-sharing operations in CBERA countries and Mexico, which offer competitively

priced labor to perform sewing tasks. According to data published by Werner International,

Inc.,23 hourly labor costs (including fringe benefits) ranged from $0.91 in Honduras to $1.51

in Mexico in 1998, compared with an average of $10.12 in the United States.24 Although

these rates are higher than those of certain Asian countries (e.g., hourly labor costs were $0.30

in Bangladesh and $0.43 in China in 1998), the proximity of production-sharing facilities in

Mexico and CBERA countries to suppliers and markets in the United States enables U.S.

firms to maintain greater management control over production and to assemble garments there
JULY 2000

Apparel Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

25 CBERA countries reportedly tend to have lower worker turnover rates than those in Mexico

and they also tend to have fewer industries competing for apparel workers. Some U.S. producers

of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts have operations in both Mexico and CBERA countries

to have production flexibility and to protect against production disruptions in any one country as

a result of natural disasters, political upheaval, or economic instability. Official of a U.S.

undergarment firm, telephone interview with USITC staff, Feb. 18, 2000.

 

26 Official of a U.S. undergarment firm, telephone interview with USITC staff, Feb. 18, 2000.

 

27 Ibid.

 

28 Official of a U.S. undergarment firm, telephone interview with USITC staff, Feb. 9, 2000.

 

29 Jules Abend, “Jockey Colors its World,” Bobbin, Feb. 1999, p. 51.

 

30 Official of a U.S. undergarment firm, telephone interview with USITC staff, Feb. 9, 2000.

 

31 In 1999, China filled nearly all its U.S. quotas for brassieres and cotton underwear, as did

Indonesia and Hong Kong for cotton underwear. See U.S. Customs Service, “Year End Textile

Status Report,” found at Internet address http://www.customs.ustreas.gov/quotas/1999/

reports.htm, retrieved Apr. 5, 2000.

30

in a time-sensitive, market-driven manner.25 As such, U.S. firms can save in labor costs and

obtain quicker turnaround than those firms that import from Asia.

U.S. firms have reportedly achieved a high level of efficiency in assembling undergarments

and outerwear T-shirts in CBERA countries and Mexico. U.S. production of foundation

garments moved abroad many years ago because brassieres tend to be high in labor content

and low in weight. In general, the assembly of a brassiere involves between 20 and 30

components and requires an average of 12 minutes of labor per garment, compared with 4

minutes of labor for a pair of panties.26 The estimated cost savings of sewing brassieres

abroad is $1.25 to $1.50 per garment, compared with an estimated 5 to 10 cents per

underwear article.27

The assembly of most underwear articles such as T-shirts, briefs, and panties generally

involves standardized runs, simple tasks, and relatively few steps and styling changes.

However, underwear production usually occurs on a large scale, enabling U.S. firms to

generate significant cost savings by assembling these goods of U.S. components in lower cost

areas. Firms maintain domestic production for fashion items and for products requiring rapid

turnaround and delivery times or automatic inventory replenishment for retail customers.28

Global Sourcing Expands

Some U.S. producers of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts have established global

sourcing capabilities, particularly in Asia, to reduce costs and to offer goods that they cannot

produce cost effectively in the United States.29 U.S. firms often import undergarments,

outerwear T-shirts, as well as other apparel from Asia that require more sewing and

construction, complex operations, and detailed work. Industry sources report that Asian

suppliers offer a relatively high “needle content per dollar” because of their competitive

wages, sewing skills, and expertise in apparel production.30 U.S. tariffs and quotas are the

principal constraints in sourcing undergarments and outerwear T-shirts from Asian

suppliers.31 Despite these constraints, however, import costs of undergarments are often lower

in China and other Asian countries than in Mexico and CBERA countries.
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Apparel

 

32 Official of a U.S. undergarment firm, telephone interview with USITC staff, Feb. 11, 2000.

 

33 The ATC entered into force as part of the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements in

1995 and replaced the 1974 Multifiber Arrangement (MFA), a multilateral agreement negotiated

under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that permitted the use of quotas

without compensation. Under the ATC, WTO countries with MFA quotas in place–the United

States, the European Union, Canada, and Norway–are to eliminate the quotas on textiles and

apparel from other WTO countries and integrate the goods into the GATT regime over a 10-year

transition period ending on January 1, 2005.

 

34 See, for example, U.S. Department of State telegram No. 1663, “Salvadorans Pleased with

CBI Passage; See It as an Opportunity to Compete in Their Most Important Market,” prepared by

U.S. Embassy, San Salvador, May 16, 2000; telegram No. 1979, “Dominican Republic Expects

Major Impact from CBI Enhancement,” prepared by U.S. Embassy, Santo Domingo, May 19,

(continued...)

31

Outlook

U.S. producers of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts that use CBERA countries as a lowcost production base to compete with Asian goods in the North American market likely will

be major beneficiaries of the new legislation expanding trade benefits for CBERA countries.

Provisions in the legislation granting preferential market access to CBERA apparel made from

U.S. yarns and fabrics will also benefit U.S. textile mills making these apparel inputs. U.S.

producers of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts, along with their domestic yarn and fabric

suppliers, likely will further develop an integrated production base in CBERA countries and

Mexico to remain competitive in the North American market. The skill and capital-intensive

operations such as product design, yarn and fabric production, marketing, and distribution will

likely remain in the United States, while the labor-intensive assembly operations will likely

move to CBERA countries and Mexico. A U.S. industry source suggested that because many

U.S. producers of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts have already shifted most of their

sewing operations to CBERA countries and Mexico, the legislation likely will help preserve

and boost production sharing at existing operations in CBERA countries and limit further

trade diversion from these countries to Mexico.32 

The trade benefits provided CBERA countries under the new legislation could lead to

displacement of some U.S. imports of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts from Asia, at

least in the short term. However, the ongoing phaseout of U.S. import quotas on textiles and

apparel under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Textiles and Apparel (ATC) by January 1,

2005,33 will gradually erode part of the competitive advantage of CBERA countries under the

new legislation and Mexico under NAFTA, and expose the region to heightened competition

in the U.S. market from low-cost exporting countries in Asia whose shipments are currently

under quota. The expected growth in imports from Asia will add to the competitive pressures

facing U.S. producers of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts, and their assembly operations

in CBERA countries and Mexico. Nonetheless, the proximity of these countries to the United

States should enable U.S. firms to assemble time-sensitive, market-driven garments in the

region. Although U.S. firms report that lower costs are important, other considerations such

as proximity to suppliers and markets as well as the ability to react quickly to retailer

demands and changing fashions are expected to become more important competitive factors.

According to information prepared by U.S. Embassies, the CBERA countries generally view

the new legislation as providing them with an opportunity to attract new foreign investment,

expand exports and employment, and compete equally with Mexico in the U.S. market.34
JULY 2000

Apparel Industry Trade and Technology Review

 

34 (...continued)

2000; and telegram No. 1540, “Impact of CBI Enhancement,” prepared by U.S. Embassy,

Guatemala, May 23, 2000.

 

35 U.S. Department of State telegram No. 1313, “Impact of CBI Enhancement - Costa Rica,”

prepared by U.S. Embassy, San Jose, May 22, 2000.

 

36 U.S. Department of State telegram No. 1240, “Impact of CBI Enhancement on Jamaica,”

prepared by U.S. Embassy, Kingston, May 18, 2000.

 

37 U.S. Department of State telegram No. 1858, “Salvadorans and Other Centams Moving

Quickly on CBI Enhancement,” prepared by U.S. Embassy, San Salvador, June 2, 2000, and

telegram No. 1488, “Nicaragua: Impact of CBI Enhancement,” prepared by U.S. Embassy,

Managua, May 25, 2000.

 

38 Sara Lee Corporation, Investing in What Counts: 1999 Annual Report, pp. 28 and 30.

32

Industry and government sources in several CBERA countries predict that the CBERA region

will experience an increase in the number of companies assembling garments, the creation of

thousands of jobs, new investments in the textile and apparel sector, the installation of cutting

rooms to convert U.S.-made fabrics into garment parts, a transfer of some production from

Mexico, and an increase in exports and export revenues. Countries with relatively high labor

costs like Costa Rica expect to see limited new investment in apparel assembly. A U.S.

undergarment producer having 14 assembly plants in Costa Rica stated that production

expansion was not expected in that country and that it was more likely to occur in other, lower

cost CBERA countries such as El Salvador and Honduras where the firm also has assembly

operations.35 Sources in Jamaica, which has experienced a decline in apparel exports to the

United States in recent years, are less specific about the longer term impact of the new

legislation and suggest that, initially, Jamaican apparel exports to the U.S. market will rise

by about 2 to 3 percent a year. Although sources in Jamaica have at times pointed to NAFTA

as the cause of the diversion of trade and investment from Jamaica to Mexico, they

acknowledge that Jamaica’s internal problems, including crime and security problems,

inadequate infrastructure, and labor issues, have had a greater negative impact on the

country’s garment industry than the lack of NAFTA-equivalent tariff treatment.36 

Some industry sources anticipate that the new legislation will encourage Asian investment in

the CBERA region. The prospect of duty-free access to the United States has reportedly

attracted the interest of Taiwan investors in El Salvador, which has both assembly operations

and fabric manufacturing, and the interest of Korean investors in opening a plant in

Nicaragua.37

As competition intensifies in the U.S. market for undergarments and outerwear T-shirts, U.S.

firms can be expected to look to foreign markets for sales growth. Sara Lee, for example, is

leveraging its brands and expertise to expand sales of undergarments and outerwear T-shirts

in global markets through licensing agreements, marketing and distribution arrangements, and

advertising.38 Although numerous trade barriers still exist in major world markets, U.S.

apparel firms seeking to export, especially from their production-sharing operations in

CBERA countries and Mexico, are likely to benefit from provisions in the Uruguay Round

Agreement on Textiles and Clothing requiring countries that are members of the World Trade

Organization to reduce trade barriers on apparel in their home markets.#
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Key Performance Indicators

A-1

APPENDIX A

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF SELECTED

INDUSTRIES AND REGIONS

~ STEEL (Tracy Quilter, 202-205-3437/tquilter@usitc.gov)

~ AUTOMOBILES (Laura A. Polly, 202-205-3408/polly@usitc.gov)

~ ALUMINUM (Karl Tsuji, 202-205-3434/tsuji@usitc.gov)

~ FLAT GLASS (James Lukes, 202-205-3426/lukes@usitc.gov)

~ SERVICES (Tsedale Assefa, 202-205-2374/assefa@usitc.gov) 

~ NORTH AMERICAN TRADE (Ruben Mata, 202-205-3403/mata@usitc.gov)
JULY 2000

Key Performance Indicators Industry Trade and Technology Review

A-2

STEEL

• Integrated steelmakers experienced continued profitability improvement for the first quarter of 2000. 

Companies cited such factors as higher shipments, better product mix, lower costs, and improved

average selling prices as contributing to this trend. Further, Geneva Steel and Weirton Steel

reported that the successful completion of trade cases had positively impacted the market for steel

products.1

 

• Profitability for minimills and specialty producers slipped in the first quarter of 2000 compared with

the fourth quarter of 1999, due in part to higher raw material costs as the price of key inputs, such as

scrap metal and nickel, increased. However, several minimill producers did report improved

shipments for the quarter, especially in such products as structurals and pipe and tube.

1 Geneva Steel, press release, “Geneva Steel Announces Second Quarter 2000 Results,” May 15, 2000, and

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, “Weirton Steel Corp., 10-Q, May 15, 2000,” p. 8, found at Internet

address http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/849979/0000950128-00-000819.txt.

 

Table A-1

Steel mill products, all grades

Item Q1 2000

Percentage

change, Q1

2000 from 

Q1 19991 YTD 2000

Percentage

change, YTD

2000 from 

YTD 19991

Producers’ shipments (1,000 short tons) ........... 28,664 19.2 28,664 19.2

Finished imports (1,000 short tons) ............... 7,324 14.8 7,324 14.8

Ingots, blooms, billets, and slabs (1,000 short tons) ... 2,445 66.7 2,445 66.7

Exports (1,000 short tons) ...................... 1,706 46.8 1,706 46.8

Apparent supply, finished (1,000 short tons) ........ 36,728 19.5 36,728 19.5

Ratio of finished imports to apparent supply (percent) . 26.6 2

-1.1 26.6 2-1.1

1

 Based on unrounded numbers.

2

 Percentage point change.

Note.–Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

Source: American Iron and Steel Institute.
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Key Performance Indicators

A-3

STEEL

Table A-2

Steel service centers

Item Mar. 2000 Dec. 1999

Percentage

change, Mar.

2000 from

 Dec. 19991 Q1 2000 Q1 1999

Shipments (1,000 net tons) ................ 2,856 2,254 26.7 8,112 7,343

Ending inventories (1,000 net tons) .......... 8,708 8,443 3.1 8,708 8,109

Inventories on hand (months) ............... 3.3 3.8 (

2

) 3.3 3.3

 

1

 Based on unrounded numbers.

 

2

 Not applicable.

Note.–Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

Source: Steel Service Center Institute.

 

• The Steel Service Center Institute (SSCI) reported improved quarterly average daily shipments for all

product categories for the first quarter 2000 compared with the first quarter 1999. March shipments

were up for the third consecutive month,1 despite higher fuel costs in the form of fuel surcharges from

trucking companies. While the number of month’s shipments on hand remained steady, inventories

continued to grow to record levels. 

 

• Total imports increased 24 percent in the first quarter 2000 compared with the first quarter 1999, as

finished imports increased 15 percent and semifinished imports increased 67 percent. Import

penetration of finished products was slightly lower than the same period last year. 

 

• Capacity utilization continued to improve as steelmakers achieved an average of 90.1 percent for the

first quarter 2000.

 

1

 SSCI, Business Conditions Report, Part II-United States, Mar. 2000.
JULY 2000

Key Performance Indicators Industry Trade and Technology Review

A-4

I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Total sales-consumption Domestic sales

Import sales

Figure A-3

U.S. sales of new passenger automobiles, by quarter

Note.–Domestic automobile sales include U.S.-, Canadian-, and Mexican-built automobiles sold in the United

States; these same units are not included in import sales.

Source: Automotive News; prepared by the Office of Industries.

2,240,108

1,747,972

492,136

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

AUTOMOBILES

Table A-3

U.S. sales of new automobiles, domestic and imported, and share of U.S. market accounted for

by sales of total imports and Japanese imports, by specified periods, January 1999-March 2000

 Percentage change 

Item

Jan.-Mar.

2000

Jan.-Mar. 2000

from 

Oct.-Dec. 1999

Jan.-Mar. 2000

from 

Jan.-Mar. 1999

U.S. sales of domestic autos

(1,000 units)

1

................................... 1,748 11.7 6.2

U.S. sales of imported autos

(1,000 units)

2

................................... 492 8.0 32.1

Total U.S. sales (1,000 units)

1, 2

....................... 2,240 10.9 11.0

Ratio of U.S. sales of imported autos to 

total U.S. sales (percent)

1, 2

........................ 22.0 -2.6 19.0

U.S. sales of Japanese imports as a 

share of the total U.S. market (percent)

1, 2

.............. 10.3 -0.0 10.7

1

 Domestic automobile sales include U.S.-, Canadian-, and Mexican-built automobiles sold in the United States.

2

 Imports do not include automobiles imported from Canada and Mexico.

Source: Compiled from data obtained from Automotive News.
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Key Performance Indicators

A-5

ALUMINUM

 

• Although some previously idled aluminum smelting capacity was restarted during first quarter 2000, sustained global

demand, reduced inventory levels, and potential alumina shortages pending repair of a damaged refinery continued

exerting upward pressure on prices; the quarterly average price of primary aluminum ingot rose by 6.8 cents per pound. In

the United States, aluminum consumption remained buoyant across major end-use sectors; significantly increased net

imports, especially of unwrought aluminum from Russia, resulted in a noticeable percentage-point increase in the level of

import penetration.

 

• Revised terms for a two-way merger between Alcan (Canada) and Algroup (Switzerland) were announced on June 1; the

resulting corporate entity would be an industry leader in aluminum and specialty packaging. Previously, the Pechiney

(France) portion of a proposed three-way merger with Alcan and Algroup was abandoned over divestiture conditions

imposed by the European Union (EU).

 

• Meanwhile, the proposed Alcoa and Reynolds (both U.S.-based) merger received approval on May 3 from U.S. and EU

regulatory authorities. Alcoa gains the Reynolds’s brand name, bauxite resources, smelting capacity, and manufacturing

and packaging operations, but interests in a smelter and three alumina refineries must be divested as part of the merger

approval conditions.

 

Table A-4

U.S. production, recovery, imports, import penetration, exports, average nominal price, and LME

inventory level of aluminum, for first quarter 1999, fourth quarter 1999, and first quarter 2000

 Percentage change

Item Q1 1999 Q4 1999 Q1 2000

Q1 2000

from 

 Q1 1999

Q1 2000

from 

Q4 1999

Primary production (1,000 metric tons) .......... 922 967 964 4.6 -0.3

Secondary recovery (1,000 metric tons) .......... 846r 867r 930r 9.9 7.3

Imports (1,000 metric tons) ................... 805 739 862 7.1 16.6

Import penetration (percent)

1

.................. 33.4r 33.0 34.6 2

 1.2 2 1.6

Exports (1,000 metric tons) ................... 284 324 293 3.2 -9.6

Average nominal price (¢/lb) .................. 58.4 72.0 78.8 35.1 9.5

LME inventory level (1,000 metric tons) .......... 818 775 755 -7.7 -2.6

1

 Calculations based on unrounded data

2

 Percentage point change

Note: Revised data indicated by “r.”

Sources: Compiled from data obtained from U.S. Geological Survey and World Bureau of Metal Statistics.
JULY 2000

Key Performance Indicators Industry Trade and Technology Review

A-6

FLAT GLASS

Background

 

• The U.S.-Japanese agreement on Japanese market access for imports of flat glass sought to increase

access and sales of foreign flat glass in Japan through such means as increased adoption of

nondiscriminatory standards and expanded promotion of safety and insulating glass. The agreement

covered the 1995-99 period and expired on December 31, 1999.1

 

Current

 

• Japanese demand for imported glass improved in 1999, although the U.S. share of the market has

declined as imports from the United States lost market share to less expensive imports from Korea,

Indonesia, and Thailand. The average monthly quantity of Japanese imports from all countries

increased by 18 percent for 1999 to 1.9 million square meters, while the average monthly value of

such imports increased by 23 percent to $13.4 million. Imports from the United States in 1999

declined by 2 percent to 431,000 square meters, but increased in value by 16 percent to $7.0 million.

 

 

• The U.S. and Japanese Governments held government-to-government discussions in March 2000 to

consider the remaining market access barriers and are scheduled to have a joint government/industry

meeting later in the year.

 

1 Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), “The President’s 1999 Annual Report on the Trade

Agreements Program,” p. 227, downloaded from http://www.ustr.gov/reports/tpa/2000/index.html on Mar. 3, 2000.
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Key Performance Indicators

A-7

SERVICES
JULY 2000

Key Performance Indicators Industry Trade and Technology Review

A-8

NORTH AMERICAN TRADE

U.S. trade with its NAFTA partners, and the use of U.S.-made components in Mexican assembly

plants based on imports under the production-sharing tariff provisions of HTS chapter 98, are highlighted

in table A-5. Following is a summary of key developments in the first quarter of 2000:

• During the first quarter of 2000, U.S. trade with its NAFTA partners ($150 billion) increased by 20

percent ($25 billion) over the corresponding period of January-March 1999. The U.S. merchandise

trade deficit with Canada ($-16.5 billion) and Mexico ($-8.0) rose by 33 percent to $-24.5 billion. 

These trends reflect the sustained growth in the U.S. GDP, which expanded by 5.4 percent during the

first quarter of 2000, and relatively high petroleum prices. Canada and Mexico supply nearly one-third

of U.S. oil imports.

• In manufactured goods, much of U.S. trade with its NAFTA partners consists of U.S. exports of

components and machinery and imports of assembled or semifinished goods. A significant portion of

the U.S. trade deficits with Canada and Mexico consists of the value added in these countries to U.S.-

origin parts used in the production of goods destined for the U.S. market.

• Shipments for both domestic consumption in Canada and Mexico and to integrated manufacturing

operations in these countries boosted U.S. exports in the first quarter of 2000 by $5.5 billion (31

percent) to Mexico and by $3.6 billion (13 percent) to Canada. With a significant portion of each

country’s manufacturing output destined for U.S. customers, the strength of the U.S. economy and

high petroleum prices, coupled with each country’s sound domestic fiscal policies, contributed to first

quarter 2000 GDP growth of 4.9 percent in Canada and 7.9 percent in Mexico. 

• U.S. exports to Mexico grew at an even faster pace than imports from Mexico during January-March

2000, and were led by motor-vehicle parts, distillate and residual fuel oils, plastic products, color tv

picture tubes, and parts for computer equipment. Auto parts are the leading U.S. export to Canada,

followed by finished vehicles, computer hardware, and aircraft and parts.

• Growth in U.S. imports from Canada in the first quarter amounted to $9.4 billion (20 percent),

compared with an increase of $7.0 billion (29 percent) in imports from Mexico. Finished vehicles, auto

parts, and crude petroleum were leading imports from both countries. Telecommunications equipment

and aircraft topped the other products imported from Canada in the first quarter of 2000, whereas

Mexico also supplied the U.S. market with assembled electronic products, television receivers, and

apparel. U.S. demand for Canadian commodities - particularly oil, natural gas, and lumber - is

anticipated to grow at about 4.5 percent for the year, and the entire sector accounts for about onethird of the Canadian economy.

• Only 15 percent of U.S. imports from Mexico entered under the production-sharing provisions of HTS

chapter 98 during January-March 2000, compared with 49 percent in 1993. Elimination of tariffs under

the Uruguay Round of GATT, duty-free treatment under NAFTA, and elimination of the Customs user

fee on NAFTA-eligible imports, greatly reduced the incentive to use the production-sharing provisions

when importing products assembled in Mexico from U.S. components.
JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Key Performance Indicators

A-9

NORTH AMERICAN TRADE

Table A-5

North American trade, 1995-99, January-March 1999, and January-March 2000

 Percent

January-March change

Item 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1999 2000 1999/00

---------------------------Value (million dollars)------------------------------

U.S.-Mexico trade:

Total imports from Mexico ..... 61,721 74,179 85,005 93,017 109,018 24,468 31,447 29

U.S. imports under productionsharing provisions (PSP) of 

HTS Chapter 98:1

Total value ............... 24,962 27,925 28,883 27,162 25,875 6,549 4,707 -28

Percent of total imports ...... 40 38 34 29 24 27 15 -

U.S. components in HTS PSP 

imports:

Total value ............... 12,833 14,649 15,483 14,484 13,928 3,570 2,577 -28

Percent of HTS PSP imports . . 51 52 54 53 54 55 55 -

Percent of total imports ...... 21 20 18 16 13 15 8 -

U.S. imports under NAFTA:2

Total value ............... 43,927 55,076 62,837 68,326 71,318 16,021 20,084 25

Percent of total imports ...... 71 74 74 73 65 65 64 -

Total exports to Mexico ........ 44,881 54,686 68,393 75,369 81,381 17,911 23,418 31

U.S. exports of components3 to 

HTS Chapter 98 productionsharing operations as a 

percent of total U.S. exports . . 29 27 23 19 17 20 11 -

U.S. merchandise trade balance 

with Mexico4.............. -16,840 -19,493 -16,612 -17,648 -27,637 -6,556 -8,029 -22

U.S. -Canada trade:

Total imports from Canada ..... 144,882 156,299 167,881 174,685 198,242 46,974 56,343 20

Total exports to Canada ....... 113,261 119,123 134,794 137,768 145,731 35,182 38,783 13

U.S. merchandise trade balance 

with Canada5 .......................... -31,621 -37,176 -33,087 -36,918 -52,511 -11,792 -16,450 -40

1The production-sharing provisions of HTS Chapter 98 are 9802.00.60, 9802.00.80, and 9802.00.90.

2Some import entries from Mexico declare eligibility for preferential tariff treatment under both NAFTA and the

HTS production-sharing provisions (PSP); such entries are reported in the totals for both imports under HTS PSP

(and U.S.-made components in HTS PSP imports) as well as imports under NAFTA.

3Represents the total value of U.S. components in HTS production-sharing provision imports.

4The hyphen (-) symbol indicates a loss or trade deficit, or not applicable. The $17.6 billion deficit in U.S.

merchandise trade with Mexico in 1998 was partially offset by a $1.8 billion U.S. surplus in bilateral services trade.

5The $36.9 billion deficit in U.S. merchandise trade with Canada in 1998 was partially offset by a $4.5 billion

U.S. surplus in bilateral services trade.

Source: Compiled by U.S. International Trade Commission staff from official statistics of the U.S. Department of

Commerce.

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables

B-1

APPENDIX B

SELECTED STATISTICAL TABLES (B-1 TO B-18) FOR U.S. IMPORTS 

UNDER THE PRODUCTION-SHARING PROVISIONS OF HTS CHAPTER 98

(HTS 9802.00.60, 9802.00.80, AND 9802.00.90)
B-2

Table B-1

U.S. imports for consumption, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98,

by principal suppliers (based on the value of U.S. components in the assembled imports in 1999), 1996-

1999

(Million dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Country 1996 1997 1998 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total imports

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Mexico .............................. 74,179 85,005 93,017 109,018

Dominican Republic .................... 3,582 4,308 4,445 4,278

Honduras ............................ 1,797 2,320 2,544 2,712

Philippines ........................... 8,174 10,419 11,875 12,379

Korea .............................. 22,532 22,939 23,701 31,152

Malaysia ............................ 17,771 17,888 18,817 21,391

El Salvador .......................... 974 1,345 1,436 1,603

Taiwan ............................. 29,797 32,474 32,985 35,057

Japan .............................. 114,762 120,480 121,313 130,951

Costa Rica ........................... 1,963 2,322 2,742 3,954

All other ............................. 514,939 562,926 594,773 664,941

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 790,470 862,426 907,647 1,017,435

Production-sharing imports under HTS Chapter 98

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Mexico .............................. 27,925 28,883 27,162 25,875

Dominican Republic .................... 2,104 2,669 2,806 2,789

Honduras ............................ 981 1,380 1,604 1,882

Philippines ........................... 1,805 2,063 2,254 2,331

Korea .............................. 1,787 1,881 1,601 2,002

Malaysia ............................ 2,382 1,911 1,831 2,109

El Salvador .......................... 605 912 1,023 1,186

Taiwan ............................. 1,048 1,248 1,511 1,717

Japan .............................. 7,797 15,667 12,363 15,058

Costa Rica ........................... 694 851 845 832

All other ............................. 20,388 21,700 21,067 22,545

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 67,514 79,167 74,068 78,327

U.S. content of imports under HTS Chapter 98

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Mexico .............................. 14,649 15,483 14,484 13,928

Dominican Republic .................... 1,365 1,737 1,766 1,791

Honduras ............................ 694 983 1,142 1,329

Philippines ........................... 773 1,058 1,129 1,137

Korea .............................. 653 755 786 1,042

Malaysia ............................ 1,116 930 915 998

El Salvador .......................... 344 544 592 704

Taiwan ............................. 375 510 543 585

Japan .............................. 265 548 506 576

Costa Rica ........................... 481 568 552 548

All other ............................. 3,249 3,450 2,798 2,721

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 23,965 26,565 25,213 25,358

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Note.–Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-2

U.S. imports for consumption under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98: Total

imports, imports under HTS PSP, and U.S. content, by principal sources, 1998-1999

See note(s) at end of table.

B-3

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1998

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Imports Imports

Total under U.S. Total under U.S.

Source imports HTS PSP content imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

–––––––––– Million dollars –––––––––– –––––––– Percentage ––––––––

Japan .............. 121,313 12,363 506 13.4 16.7 2.0

Germany ............ 49,796 9,158 114 5.5 12.4 0.5

Sweden ............. 7,821 2,020 23 0.9 2.7 0.1

Belgium ............. 8,387 1,520 45 0.9 2.1 0.2

United Kingdom ....... 34,617 1,381 132 3.8 1.9 0.5

Canada ............. 174,685 428 194 19.2 0.6 0.8

France .............. 23,371 198 38 2.6 0.3 0.1

Netherlands .......... 7,555 185 33 0.8 0.3 0.1

Spain ............... 4,749 138 11 0.5 0.2 (

1

)

Italy ................ 20,792 115 31 2.3 0.2 0.1

Ireland .............. 8,311 111 24 0.9 0.2 0.1

Austria .............. 2,446 73 20 0.3 0.1 0.1

All other ............. 25,667 66 14 2.8 0.1 0.1

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total, developed

 countries ....... 489,510 27,756 1,184 53.9 37.5 4.7

Mexico .............. 93,017 27,162 14,484 10.2 36.7 57.4

Dominican Rep ....... 4,445 2,806 1,766 0.5 3.8 7.0

Philippines ........... 11,875 2,254 1,129 1.3 3.0 4.5

Malaysia ............ 18,817 1,831 915 2.1 2.5 3.6

Honduras ............ 2,544 1,604 1,142 0.3 2.2 4.5

Korea .............. 23,701 1,601 786 2.6 2.2 3.1

Taiwan ............. 32,985 1,511 543 3.6 2.0 2.2

China ............... 70,815 1,477 232 7.8 2.0 0.9

El Salvador .......... 1,436 1,023 592 0.2 1.4 2.3

Costa Rica ........... 2,742 845 552 0.3 1.1 2.2

Guatemala ........... 2,071 707 306 0.2 1.0 1.2

Thailand ............ 13,366 664 367 1.5 0.9 1.5

Hong Kong .......... 10,427 559 230 1.1 0.8 0.9

Singapore ........... 18,216 556 151 2.0 0.8 0.6

Jamaica ............. 736 386 313 0.1 0.5 1.2

Indonesia ............ 9,262 298 54 1.0 0.4 0.2

Colombia ............ 4,442 264 156 0.5 0.4 0.6

Haiti ................ 272 217 159 (

1

) 0.3 0.6

Vietnam ............. 520 79 9 0.1 0.1 (

1

)

Nicaragua ........... 453 67 47 (

1

) 0.1 0.2

All other ............. 95,997 401 96 10.6 0.5 0.4

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total, less developed

 countries ....... 418,137 46,311 24,028 46.1 62.5 95.3

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .... 907,647 74,068 25,213 100.0 100.0 100.0

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-2--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98: Total

imports, imports under HTS PSP, and U.S. content, by principal sources, 1998-1999

B-4

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Imports Imports

Total under U.S. Total under U.S.

Source imports HTS PSP content imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

–––––––––– Million dollars –––––––––– –––––––– Percentage ––––––––

Japan .............. 130,951 15,058 576 12.9 19.2 2.3

Germany ............ 55,386 11,172 156 5.4 14.3 0.6

United Kingdom ....... 38,773 1,573 251 3.8 2.0 1.0

Belgium ............. 9,156 1,455 37 0.9 1.9 0.1

Sweden ............. 8,087 1,352 60 0.8 1.7 0.2

France .............. 25,400 563 44 2.5 0.7 0.2

Netherlands .......... 8,456 560 40 0.8 0.7 0.2

Canada ............. 198,242 359 176 19.5 0.5 0.7

Spain ............... 5,019 118 5 0.5 0.2 (

1

)

Italy ................ 22,407 78 9 2.2 0.1 (

1

)

Austria .............. 2,826 77 7 0.3 0.1 (

1

)

Ireland .............. 11,004 70 17 1.1 0.1 0.1

All other ............. 28,542 59 11 2.8 0.1 (

1

)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total, developed

 countries ....... 544,251 32,494 1,389 53.5 41.5 5.5

Mexico .............. 109,018 25,875 13,928 10.7 33.0 54.9

Dominican Rep ....... 4,278 2,789 1,791 0.4 3.6 7.1

Philippines ........... 12,379 2,331 1,137 1.2 3.0 4.5

Malaysia ............ 21,391 2,109 998 2.1 2.7 3.9

Korea .............. 31,152 2,002 1,042 3.1 2.6 4.1

Honduras ............ 2,712 1,882 1,329 0.3 2.4 5.2

Taiwan ............. 35,057 1,717 585 3.4 2.2 2.3

China ............... 81,522 1,612 272 8.0 2.1 1.1

El Salvador .......... 1,603 1,186 704 0.2 1.5 2.8

Costa Rica ........... 3,954 832 548 0.4 1.1 2.2

Guatemala ........... 2,258 648 252 0.2 0.8 1.0

Thailand ............ 14,296 592 336 1.4 0.8 1.3

Hong Kong .......... 10,368 451 172 1.0 0.6 0.7

Jamaica ............. 664 303 248 0.1 0.4 1.0

Indonesia ............ 9,389 297 53 0.9 0.4 0.2

Haiti ................ 301 253 189 (

1

) 0.3 0.7

Colombia ............ 5,883 240 141 0.6 0.3 0.6

Singapore ........... 18,120 201 82 1.8 0.3 0.3

Vietnam ............. 602 114 16 0.1 0.1 0.1

Nicaragua ........... 492 80 54 (

1

) 0.1 0.2

All other ............. 107,747 319 92 10.6 0.4 0.4

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total, less developed

 countries ....... 473,185 45,833 23,969 46.5 58.5 94.5

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .... 1,017,435 78,327 25,358 100.0 100.0 100.0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1Less than 0.5 percent.

Note.–Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-3

U.S. imports for consumption under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by

commodity groups, 1998-1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1998 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Imports Imports

Total under U.S. Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-5

Agricultural products: .......... 47,328,053 3,587 1,159 49,469,015 2,289 1,385

Forest products: .............. 31,998,229 130,676 74,998 35,797,597 135,736 77,821

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural 

gas, and related products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber 

products .................. 16,016,340 135,802 79,451 17,952,467 141,131 77,249

Other energy and chemical 

products .................. 110,952,020 139,013 64,162 131,692,544 75,374 31,831

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .................... 126,968,360 274,814 143,613 149,645,010 216,505 109,080

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products 

(except apparel) ............ 13,934,402 388,289 214,202 14,704,305 391,239 225,240

Apparel ................... 53,874,143 13,150,226 8,182,075 56,564,917 13,474,475 8,067,713

Footwear and parts .......... 13,879,187 1,598,482 219,325 14,073,631 1,689,716 228,618

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .................... 81,687,732 15,136,997 8,615,602 85,342,853 15,555,430 8,521,571

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products ........... 16,434,086 62,724 45,730 12,749,069 14,227 9,691

Copper and related products ... 3,358,825 16,149 7,336 3,726,052 10,258 4,566

Aluminum mill products ....... 2,180,577 22,830 14,961 2,283,280 9,650 6,377

Builders' hardware ........... 1,530,503 212,523 101,335 1,695,718 149,823 81,783

Other metal products ......... 57,235,314 408,019 227,960 61,263,008 425,026 234,644

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .................... 80,739,305 722,244 397,322 81,717,128 608,985 337,060

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and 

flat goods ................. 3,911,635 173,566 82,036 4,073,196 130,864 75,471

Jewelry ................... 5,084,543 88,822 68,150 5,609,205 62,296 42,512

Furniture .................. 10,417,003 16,599 8,179 12,775,183 16,813 10,252

Lamps and lighting fixtures .... 3,167,249 134,221 94,831 3,857,512 152,279 102,012

Other miscellaneous 

manufactured articles ........ 29,028,958 315,322 99,858 30,972,310 297,707 97,327

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .................... 51,609,388 728,530 353,054 57,287,406 659,959 327,574

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment ..... 4,945,197 277,829 187,389 5,603,942 303,332 218,338

Household appliances, including 

commercial applications ...... 6,608,058 415,016 199,724 7,301,686 433,440 247,631

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying 

equipment, and pumps for 

liquids ................... 3,029,065 101,379 59,134 3,426,159 87,999 55,721

Semiconductor equipment, robots, 

and other equipment ........ 2,808,626 7,924 3,662 3,123,198 4,804 1,184

Taps, cocks, valves, and 

similar devices ............. 3,974,338 606,300 430,570 4,334,917 390,354 279,959

Electric motors generators 

and related equipment ....... 4,748,121 1,129,397 674,653 6,089,358 1,140,507 650,692

Electrical transformers, static 

converters and inductors ..... 4,484,788 817,201 419,334 4,950,224 742,618 359,455

Powered handtools and parts 

thereof ................... 1,616,310 262,299 108,491 1,882,659 201,504 64,511

Flashlights and other similar 

electric lights light bulbs and 

fluorescent tubes; arc lights ... 1,286,752 155,307 93,478 1,454,440 146,127 94,633

Nonautomotive insulated electrical 

wire and related products ..... 2,814,456 583,511 364,299 3,078,265 612,660 373,934

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-3--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by

commodity groups, 1998-1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1998 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Imports Imports

Total under U.S. Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-6

Machinery and equipment--Continued

Miscellaneous machinery and 

equipment ................ 33,425,651 689,952 187,931 32,253,959 570,436 179,954

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .................... 69,741,361 5,046,115 2,728,664 73,498,806 4,633,781 2,526,012

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas 

turbines .................. 10,403,722 59,080 45,364 10,328,448 53,802 42,265

Motors and engines, except 

internal combustion, aircraft, 

or electric ................. 620,535 11,162 8,214 658,044 11,512 8,005

Internal combustion piston engines, 

other than for aircraft ........ 11,477,855 170,186 52,546 14,051,545 426,525 88,264

Construction and mining 

equipment ................ 6,299,058 457,781 74,331 5,918,768 163,686 22,260

Forklift trucks and similar 

industrial vehicles ........... 1,455,796 165 52 1,526,599 9,489 364

Ball and rollers bearings ...... 1,719,323 33,186 16,199 1,621,975 43,553 22,259

Certain motor-vehicle parts .... 18,766,540 1,612,101 959,836 22,724,584 1,911,416 897,988

Primary cells and batteries and 

electric storage batteries ..... 2,055,663 363,986 98,024 2,391,694 420,140 96,407

Ignition starting, lighting, and 

other electrical equipment .... 2,362,641 374,929 214,416 2,817,000 273,508 167,749

Rail locomotive and rolling 

stock .................... 2,155,996 94,401 20,718 2,307,043 121,565 28,996

Automobiles, trucks, buses, 

and bodies and chassis of the 

foregoing ................. 99,826,259 25,541,636 637,117 119,663,373 30,883,389 1,532,246

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related 

equipment, except engines .... 12,748,444 33,567 25,365 14,591,646 65,155 55,993

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and 

similar vessels ............. 1,090,060 134,627 28,571 1,245,787 253,296 40,301

Miscellaneous vehicles and 

transportation-related 

equipment ................ 1,666,349 156,563 77,846 2,059,894 212,836 105,798

Motorcycles, mopeds, and 

parts .................... 1,292,919 286 219 1,754,776 680 461

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .................... 173,941,160 29,043,656 2,258,821 203,661,175 34,850,553 3,109,357

Electronic products:

Office machines ............. 1,856,019 53,546 24,172 1,783,821 60,005 32,358

Telephone and telegraph 

apparatus ................. 14,384,801 329,884 145,838 20,147,006 537,505 268,253

Optical fibers, optical fiber 

bundles and cables ......... 398,479 13,878 9,321 728,637 43,519 27,063

Microphones, loudspeakers, 

audio amplifiers, and 

combinations thereof ........ 16,444,029 1,297,432 200,953 18,281,863 354,214 96,344

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, 

discs, and other media ....... 2,103,416 31,009 10,422 2,225,276 27,032 7,739

Records, tapes, compact discs, 

computer software, and other 

recorded media ............ 1,134,649 320 100 1,251,896 691 243

Radio navigational aid, radar, and 

remote control apparatus ..... 1,230,422 109,977 40,695 1,360,959 91,352 37,608

Television receivers, video 

monitors, and combinations 

including television receivers . . 5,877,810 2,422,043 1,166,110 6,651,889 1,816,076 819,155

Television picture tubes and 

other cathode-ray tubes ...... 773,936 54,287 17,269 731,938 45,830 15,879

Television apparatus (except 

receivers and monitors), including 

cameras camcorders and cable 

apparatus ................. 3,211,245 711,135 85,460 4,947,729 853,462 66,304

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-3--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by

commodity groups, 1998-1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1998 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Imports Imports

Total under U.S. Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-7

Electronic products--Continued

Electric sound and visual 

signaling apparatus ......... 2,064,045 209,433 44,118 2,053,311 137,070 28,885

Special-purpose tubes ........ 224,500 14,785 7,102 190,369 458 212

Electrical and electronic articles, 

apparatus, and parts not 

elsewhere provided for ....... 12,280,887 2,157,715 1,160,848 13,627,971 1,956,804 1,108,457

Electrical capacitors 

and resistors .............. 2,014,707 348,473 239,221 2,435,405 427,954 296,569

Semiconductor devices ....... 33,156,949 8,407,394 4,533,957 37,157,680 8,463,487 4,687,441

Computer hardware .......... 72,634,520 1,244,096 459,045 81,661,966 1,509,300 488,093

Photographic cameras 

and equipment ............. 6,446,786 25,712 7,163 5,842,794 23,222 6,919

Photographic supplies ........ 1,860,934 76,454 35,897 2,008,654 70,908 31,138

Medical goods .............. 6,934,064 1,045,096 488,151 7,932,431 984,478 463,344

Optical goods .............. 3,682,909 52,319 19,509 4,225,136 149,456 35,150

Drawing and mathematical 

calculating and measuring 

instruments ............... 427,178 122,094 6,095 430,514 112,429 3,572

Watches .................. 3,099,994 137,309 58,793 3,135,950 165,209 57,332

Measuring, testing, controlling 

and analyzing instruments .... 8,681,481 980,582 452,849 9,656,014 542,545 323,488

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .................... 200,923,761 19,844,974 9,213,089 228,469,207 18,373,009 8,901,544

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles 

and aircraft ................ 2,609,560 681,959 99,047 3,024,207 634,313 54,798

Wiring harnesses for motor 

vehicles .................. 4,407,641 2,415,303 1,303,293 4,867,650 2,623,388 1,376,881

Pumps for motor vehicles ..... 779,676 26,665 11,929 776,124 32,886 14,866

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .................... 7,796,877 3,123,927 1,414,270 8,667,982 3,290,587 1,446,544

Special provisions ............ 34,912,780 12,041 12,019 43,879,217 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total ................ 907,647,006 74,067,561 25,212,611 1,017,435,397 78,326,835 25,357,949

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Note:–Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
B-8

Table B-4

U.S. imports for consumption under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by

principal sources, 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total value Duty-free value

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Percentage Percentage

Source Value of total Value of total

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Million dollars Million dollars

Grand total ............... 78,327 100.0 25,358 100.0

Top 10 sources ............ 66,548 85.0 21,813 86.0

Mexico ............... 25,875 33.0 13,928 54.9

Japan ................ 15,058 19.2 576 2.3

Germany ............. 11,172 14.3 156 0.6

Dominican Republic ..... 2,789 3.6 1,791 7.1

Philippines ............ 2,331 3.0 1,137 4.5

Malaysia .............. 2,109 2.7 998 3.9

Korea ................ 2,002 2.6 1,042 4.1

Honduras ............. 1,882 2.4 1,329 5.2

Taiwan ............... 1,717 2.2 585 2.3

China ................ 1,612 2.1 272 1.1

All other .................. 11,779 15.0 3,545 14.0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Note.–Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-5

U.S. imports for consumption from Mexico under NAFTA and the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups,

1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Entered under

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

NAFTA U.S. conand NAFTA HTS PSP All Total Total tent under

Commodity group Total HTS PSP only only other NAFTA HTS PSP HTS PSP

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

Agricultural products .................... 5,631,036 72 4,045,265 963 1,584,735 4,045,337 1,035 558

Forest products ........................ 1,044,168 112,731 473,141 16,550 441,746 585,872 129,281 76,168

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural gas,

and related products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ..... 1,238,264 99,902 997,979 24,250 116,133 1,097,881 124,152 68,866

Other energy and chemical products ...... 8,166,095 1,147 5,924,221 22,731 2,217,996 5,925,369 23,878 12,111

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 9,404,359 101,049 6,922,200 46,981 2,334,129 7,023,249 148,030 80,977

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except

apparel) .......................... 1,567,358 207,090 1,235,467 77,713 47,088 1,442,557 284,803 182,320

Apparel ............................ 7,845,977 1,573,422 2,336,267 3,843,927 92,361 3,909,689 5,417,349 3,198,154

Footwear and parts ................... 353,978 48,178 235,169 33,926 36,705 283,347 82,105 66,677

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 9,767,312 1,828,689 3,806,903 3,955,566 176,153 5,635,593 5,784,256 3,447,150

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products .................... 1,099,088 1,687 915,654 213 181,534 917,342 1,900 1,500

Copper and related products ............ 547,122 3,509 434,156 4,397 105,059 437,665 7,907 4,248

Aluminum mill products ................ 44,010 3,532 40,075 8 396 43,606 3,540 2,441

Builders' hardware .................... 340,543 146,555 178,244 3,120 12,625 324,799 149,675 81,684

Other metal products .................. 3,965,910 319,044 1,953,730 38,909 1,654,227 2,272,774 357,953 203,906

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 5,996,674 474,327 3,521,858 46,647 1,953,842 3,996,185 520,974 293,779

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods ........ 160,279 17,517 46,678 87,548 8,537 64,195 105,064 69,611

Jewelry ............................ 166,529 6,780 157,273 10 2,466 164,053 6,789 4,314

Furniture ........................... 964,483 0 1,198 16,349 946,936 1,198 16,349 10,211

Lamps and lighting fixtures .............. 440,682 141,446 288,286 6,483 4,467 429,732 147,929 101,151

Other miscellaneous manufactured articles . 1,147,991 90,684 359,788 72,146 625,373 450,472 162,830 72,606

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 2,879,965 256,426 853,223 182,535 1,587,780 1,109,649 438,962 257,892

Industry Trade and Technology ReviewJULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables

B-9
Table B-5--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from Mexico under NAFTA and the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups,

1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Entered under

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

NAFTA U.S. conand NAFTA HTS PSP All Total Total tent under

Commodity group Total HTS PSP only only other NAFTA HTS PSP HTS PSP

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment .............. 1,113,434 191,259 472,606 100,176 349,393 663,865 291,435 214,197

Household appliances, including

commercial applications .............. 1,317,103 273,833 319,325 118,892 605,053 593,158 392,725 242,238

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying

equipment, and pumps for liquids ....... 357,486 0 0 60,522 296,964 0 60,522 45,615

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and

other equipment .................... 3,944 0 587 1,039 2,317 587 1,039 701

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices ... 1,014,808 363,483 508,682 25,641 117,002 872,165 389,124 279,317

Electric motors generators and related

equipment ......................... 1,825,105 970,216 675,858 39,858 139,173 1,646,074 1,010,074 636,172

Electrical transformers static converters

and inductors ...................... 1,536,429 476,114 730,463 159,834 170,019 1,206,576 635,947 325,680

Powered handtools and parts thereof ...... 295,990 15,349 3,661 98,920 178,060 19,010 114,269 57,854

Flashlights and other similar electric

lights light bulbs and fluorescent tubes;

arc lights .......................... 247,727 129,251 89,747 15,200 13,528 218,998 144,451 94,131

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire

and related products ................. 1,138,027 515,900 469,823 89,799 62,504 985,723 605,700 369,264

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment ... 930,283 40,816 190,312 335,514 363,642 231,128 376,329 135,818

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 9,780,336 2,976,221 3,461,064 1,045,396 2,297,655 6,437,285 4,021,617 2,400,987

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ......... 96,379 47,029 4,238 2,633 42,479 51,267 49,662 39,693

Motors and engines, except internal

combustion, aircraft, or electric ......... 18,357 0 0 11,137 7,220 0 11,137 7,796

Internal combustion piston engines, other

than for aircraft ..................... 2,526,544 77,795 2,099,598 8,965 340,185 2,177,393 86,760 32,631

Construction and mining equipment ....... 293,376 0 0 0 293,376 0 0 0

Forklift trucks and similar industrial

vehicles .......................... 57,232 0 0 0 57,232 0 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings ................ 77,221 37,200 38,574 0 1,448 75,774 37,200 21,547

Certain motor-vehicle parts ............. 3,687,493 1,151,743 2,227,481 96,753 211,517 3,379,224 1,248,496 847,172

Primary cells and batteries and electric

storage batteries .................... 415,980 116,958 254,033 29,140 15,848 370,992 146,099 61,095

Ignition starting, lighting, and other

electrical equipment ................. 807,700 203,147 430,004 49,698 124,851 633,152 252,845 161,316

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review

B-10
Table B-5--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from Mexico under NAFTA and the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups,

1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Entered under

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

NAFTA U.S. conand NAFTA HTS PSP All Total Total tent under

Commodity group Total HTS PSP only only other NAFTA HTS PSP HTS PSP

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

Transportation equipment--Continued

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ......... 610,214 0 209,928 80 400,206 209,928 80 54

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies

and chassis of the foregoing ........... 15,813,389 1,480,334 14,310,598 918 21,538 15,790,933 1,481,252 849,927

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related

equipment, except engines ............ 81,156 0 121 53,477 27,558 121 53,477 46,508

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar

vessels ........................... 3,161 0 628 18 2,516 628 18 17

Miscellaneous vehicles and

transportation-related equipment ........ 317,682 18 22,089 183,764 111,811 22,107 183,782 93,512

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts .......... 16,477 0 0 510 15,967 0 510 332

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 24,822,361 3,114,225 19,597,292 437,092 1,673,752 22,711,517 3,551,317 2,161,601

Electronic products:

Office machines ...................... 105,087 53,911 4,463 660 46,053 58,374 54,571 31,268

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ....... 2,668,185 437,820 921,108 89,310 1,219,947 1,358,928 527,130 262,539

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles and

cables ............................ 56,084 9,510 29,169 11,306 6,099 38,679 20,816 10,808

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio

amplifiers, and combinations thereof ..... 2,555,609 160,017 1,347,205 188,802 859,586 1,507,221 348,819 92,601

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and

other media ....................... 154,153 0 0 27,030 127,123 0 27,030 7,738

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer

software, and other recorded media ..... 51,370 0 20,684 48 30,637 20,684 48 37

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote

control apparatus ................... 149,650 55,811 21,279 34,704 37,855 77,090 90,515 36,995

Television receivers, video monitors, and

combinations including television

receivers .......................... 4,608,756 1,600,457 2,564,109 215,456 228,734 4,164,566 1,815,913 819,035

Television picture tubes and other

cathode-ray tubes ................... 281,222 936 164,371 41,994 73,921 165,307 42,929 15,380

Television apparatus (except receivers

and monitors), including cameras

camcorders and cable apparatus ....... 1,974,079 123,631 1,621,947 55,334 173,167 1,745,578 178,965 57,097

Electric sound and visual signaling

apparatus ......................... 298,873 123,620 138,640 10,358 26,255 262,260 133,978 26,538

Special-purpose tubes ................. 1,044 0 16 415 613 16 415 180

Industry Trade and Technology ReviewJULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables

B-11
Table B-5--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from Mexico under NAFTA and the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups,

1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Entered under

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

NAFTA U.S. conand NAFTA HTS PSP All Total Total tent under

Commodity group Total HTS PSP only only other NAFTA HTS PSP HTS PSP

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Electronic products--Continued

Electrical and electronic articles,

apparatus, and parts not elsewhere

provided for ....................... 2,974,661 1,406,291 1,152,586 221,998 193,786 2,558,877 1,628,289 922,028

Electrical capacitors and resistors ........ 689,655 399,160 275,196 4,768 10,530 674,356 403,928 279,901

Semiconductor devices ................ 1,065,734 0 0 414,642 651,092 0 414,642 232,023

Computer hardware ................... 7,238,759 836 1,445,256 1,329,179 4,463,487 1,446,092 1,330,016 382,707

Photographic cameras and equipment ..... 329,105 699 39,767 1,011 287,628 40,466 1,710 624

Photographic supplies ................. 213,897 0 210,883 0 3,014 210,883 0 0

Medical goods ....................... 969,518 101,385 8,504 515,819 343,811 109,889 617,204 307,129

Optical goods ........................ 84,086 2,870 75,166 2,856 3,195 78,036 5,726 2,466

Drawing and mathematical calculating

and measuring instruments ............ 1,714 0 1,470 0 244 1,470 0 0

Watches ........................... 81,963 75,937 2,969 298 2,759 78,907 76,235 44,535

Measuring, testing, controlling and

analyzing instruments ................ 2,239,830 279,495 1,074,087 201,432 684,816 1,353,582 480,926 297,742

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 28,793,033 4,832,387 11,118,875 3,367,420 9,474,351 15,951,262 8,199,807 3,829,370

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ...... 1,817,262 0 0 633,947 1,183,316 0 633,947 54,504

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ....... 3,996,215 2,387,098 1,208,055 45,631 355,431 3,595,153 2,432,729 1,314,255

Pumps for motor vehicles ............... 98,797 10,643 64,389 2,431 21,333 75,033 13,075 10,435

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ............................. 5,912,274 2,397,741 1,272,444 682,009 1,560,079 3,670,185 3,079,750 1,379,194

Special provisions ...................... 4,986,643 0 151,324 0 4,835,318 151,324 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total ........................ 109,018,159 16,093,868 55,223,590 9,781,160 27,919,541 71,317,458 25,875,029 13,927,676

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Note.--Calculations based on unrouded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review

B-12
Table B-6

U.S. imports for consumption from Japan, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS

Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-13

Agricultural products .............................. 481,862 0 0

Forest products .................................. 610,012 0 0

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and related 

products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ............... 2,416,374 634 115

Other energy and chemical products ................ 6,757,772 27 17

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 9,174,145 661 132

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except apparel) .......... 615,035 157 110

Apparel ...................................... 96,314 299 121

Footwear and parts ............................. 2,038 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 713,388 456 231

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products .............................. 1,460,669 0 0

Copper and related products ...................... 201,174 146 37

Aluminum mill products .......................... 118,393 619 368

Builders' hardware .............................. 32,300 0 0

Other metal products ............................ 3,346,575 557 242

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 5,159,112 1,323 648

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods .................. 6,611 0 0

Jewelry ...................................... 35,691 3 (

1

)

Furniture ..................................... 45,299 0 0

Lamps and lighting fixtures ........................ 49,777 0 0

Other miscellaneous manufactured articles ........... 3,914,654 4,390 362

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 4,052,032 4,393 362

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment ........................ 759,269 13 6

Household appliances, including commercial 

applications ................................. 381,430 119 52

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying equipment, and 

pumps for liquids ............................. 411,089 0 0

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and other equipment . . 1,639,864 32 26

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices ............. 602,990 0 0

Electric motors generators and related equipment ...... 1,174,447 28,720 1,191

Electrical transformers static converters and inductors ... 431,415 66 12

Powered handtools and parts thereof ................ 369,662 0 0

Flashlights and other similar electric lights light bulbs 

and fluorescent tubes; arc lights .................. 196,585 0 0

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire and 

related products .............................. 159,274 0 0

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment ............. 6,871,546 23,969 4,268

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 12,997,570 52,918 5,554

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ................... 317,962 0 0

Motors and engines, except internal combustion, 

aircraft, or electric ............................. 124,435 0 0

Internal combustion piston engines, other than 

for aircraft ................................... 4,681,750 115,091 9,962

Construction and mining equipment ................. 1,646,439 92,141 10,367

Forklift trucks and similar industrial vehicles ........... 238,025 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings .......................... 523,261 0 0

Certain motor-vehicle parts ....................... 4,561,552 122,724 951

Primary cells and batteries and electric storage 

batteries .................................... 1,015,367 257,871 25,913

Ignition starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment . . 776,742 0 0

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-6--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from Japan, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS

Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-14

Transportation equipment--Continued

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ................... 178,478 84,363 16,961

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies and chassis 

of the foregoing ............................... 32,115,351 13,978,529 236,767

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment, 

except engines ............................... 1,355,784 3 2

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels ........ 34,014 0 0

Miscellaneous vehicles and transportation-related 

equipment ................................... 545,758 0 0

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts .................... 1,320,977 170 129

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 49,435,895 14,650,894 301,052

Electronic products:

Office machines ................................ 245,816 0 0

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ................. 3,210,475 2,034 887

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles and cables ......... 154,392 0 0

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and 

combinations thereof ........................... 5,322,431 283 252

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and other media ..... 1,006,679 0 0

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer software, 

and other recorded media ....................... 113,992 0 0

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote control 

apparatus ................................... 163,631 33 10

Television receivers, video monitors, and combinations 

including television receivers ..................... 409,017 7 4

Television picture tubes and other cathode-ray tubes .... 291,825 0 0

Television apparatus (except receivers and monitors), 

including cameras camcorders and cable apparatus ... 730,930 209 42

Electric sound and visual signaling apparatus .......... 482,254 4 3

Special-purpose tubes ........................... 46,583 0 0

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, and parts 

not elsewhere provided for ...................... 2,499,135 683 297

Electrical capacitors and resistors .................. 911,562 0 0

Semiconductor devices .......................... 6,400,627 313,403 261,017

Computer hardware ............................. 13,644,673 9,981 511

Photographic cameras and equipment ............... 2,645,662 3 3

Photographic supplies ........................... 711,377 0 0

Medical goods ................................. 1,189,414 0 0

Optical goods .................................. 1,143,713 13,971 1,320

Drawing and mathematical calculating and 

measuring instruments ......................... 69,482 9 8

Watches ..................................... 828,856 545 97

Measuring, testing, controlling and analyzing 

instruments .................................. 1,795,624 6,405 3,505

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 44,018,150 347,572 267,955

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ................ 126,592 0 0

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ................. 77,315 0 0

Pumps for motor vehicles ......................... 144,343 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 348,249 0 0

Special provisions ................................ 3,960,574 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .................................. 130,950,990 15,058,216 575,935

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1Less than $500.

Note.--Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-7

U.S. imports for consumption from Germany, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of

HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-15

Agricultural products .............................. 799,045 36 14

Forest products .................................. 760,031 0 0

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and related 

products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ............... 856,170 80 36

Other energy and chemical products ................ 7,735,573 237 117

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 8,591,743 317 153

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except apparel) .......... 392,750 38 14

Apparel ...................................... 78,946 2 1

Footwear and parts ............................. 86,487 20 3

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 558,182 59 18

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products .............................. 863,676 65 41

Copper and related products ...................... 171,994 0 0

Aluminum mill products .......................... 253,741 0 0

Builders' hardware .............................. 91,778 0 0

Other metal products ............................ 2,062,940 14,889 6,064

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 3,444,128 14,953 6,105

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods .................. 8,514 0 0

Jewelry ...................................... 47,192 41 15

Furniture ..................................... 141,454 0 0

Lamps and lighting fixtures ........................ 58,673 0 0

Other miscellaneous manufactured articles ........... 697,426 17 6

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 953,259 59 21

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment ........................ 327,923 91 10

Household appliances, including commercial 

applications ................................. 443,823 4,378 632

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying equipment, and 

pumps for liquids ............................. 601,802 2,082 804

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and other equipment . . 387,575 0 0

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices ............. 447,203 2 2

Electric motors generators and related equipment ...... 463,641 372 12

Electrical transformers static converters and inductors ... 189,047 0 0

Powered handtools and parts thereof ................ 180,459 0 0

Flashlights and other similar electric lights light bulbs 

and fluorescent tubes; arc lights .................. 101,330 0 0

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire and 

related products .............................. 87,523 165 (

1

)

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment ............. 6,248,671 22,505 3,109

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 9,478,997 29,594 4,569

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ................... 1,011,458 0 0

Motors and engines, except internal combustion, 

aircraft, or electric ............................. 127,158 0 0

Internal combustion piston engines, other than 

for aircraft ................................... 977,753 195,250 23,214

Construction and mining equipment ................. 538,268 1,321 211

Forklift trucks and similar industrial vehicles ........... 86,019 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings .......................... 153,424 0 0

Certain motor-vehicle parts ....................... 950,829 23,140 733

Primary cells and batteries and electric storage 

batteries .................................... 45,758 0 0

Ignition starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment . . 165,978 0 0

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-7--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from Germany, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of

HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-16

Transportation equipment--Continued

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ................... 37,736 4 1

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies and chassis 

of the foregoing ............................... 15,093,951 10,843,766 111,548

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment, 

except engines ............................... 1,699,731 16 13

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels ........ 47,466 36,704 837

Miscellaneous vehicles and transportation-related 

equipment ................................... 195,612 0 0

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts .................... 102,945 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 21,234,086 11,100,201 136,556

Electronic products:

Office machines ................................ 80,725 5 5

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ................. 222,550 0 0

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles and cables ......... 46,873 0 0

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and 

combinations thereof ........................... 93,517 3 3

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and other media ..... 135,516 0 0

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer software, 

and other recorded media ....................... 98,552 0 0

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote control 

apparatus ................................... 44,583 0 0

Television receivers, video monitors, and combinations 

including television receivers ..................... 11,855 0 0

Television picture tubes and other cathode-ray tubes .... 10,417 0 0

Television apparatus (except receivers and monitors), 

including cameras camcorders and cable apparatus ... 33,108 0 0

Electric sound and visual signaling apparatus .......... 29,269 0 0

Special-purpose tubes ........................... 20,867 0 0

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, and parts 

not elsewhere provided for ...................... 947,351 1,839 1,015

Electrical capacitors and resistors .................. 40,016 0 0

Semiconductor devices .......................... 638,672 9,413 4,516

Computer hardware ............................. 844,636 139 87

Photographic cameras and equipment ............... 104,077 5 4

Photographic supplies ........................... 143,601 0 0

Medical goods ................................. 1,365,210 1,154 275

Optical goods .................................. 322,374 5,334 717

Drawing and mathematical calculating and 

measuring instruments ......................... 12,705 0 0

Watches ..................................... 57,417 8 (

1

)

Measuring, testing, controlling and analyzing 

instruments .................................. 1,268,520 8,549 1,564

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 6,572,411 26,449 8,187

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ................ 119,817 0 0

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ................. 14,401 0 0

Pumps for motor vehicles ......................... 176,245 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 310,463 0 0

Special provisions ................................ 2,683,775 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .................................. 55,386,121 11,171,668 155,623

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1Less than $500.

Note.--Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-8

U.S. imports for consumption from the Dominican Republic, total and under the production-sharing

provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-17

Agricultural products .............................. 423,241 0 0

Forest products .................................. 3,435 162 71

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and related 

products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ............... 32,436 304 107

Other energy and chemical products ................ 8,175 12 7

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 40,611 316 113

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except apparel) .......... 32,466 21,201 14,490

Apparel ...................................... 2,355,316 2,160,644 1,373,294

Footwear and parts ............................. 237,121 81,624 56,766

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 2,624,904 2,263,469 1,444,551

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products .............................. 1,492 0 0

Copper and related products ...................... 2,260 0 0

Aluminum mill products .......................... 6 0 0

Builders' hardware .............................. 12,262 0 0

Other metal products ............................ 108,448 3,696 2,792

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 124,469 3,696 2,792

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods .................. 42,479 9,378 2,802

Jewelry ...................................... 171,822 28,087 22,628

Furniture ..................................... 5,522 0 0

Lamps and lighting fixtures ........................ 68 0 0

Other miscellaneous manufactured articles ........... 18,452 6,618 4,220

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 238,343 44,083 29,650

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment ........................ 77 7 2

Household appliances, including commercial 

applications ................................. 915 0 0

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying equipment, and 

pumps for liquids ............................. 32 0 0

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and other equipment . . 16 16 2

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices ............. 5 0 0

Electric motors generators and related equipment ...... 762 715 310

Electrical transformers static converters and inductors ... 29,852 27,362 18,542

Powered handtools and parts thereof ................ 0 0 0

Flashlights and other similar electric lights light bulbs 

and fluorescent tubes; arc lights .................. 0 0 0

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire and 

related products .............................. 3,305 2,153 1,916

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment ............. 881 116 40

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 35,845 30,370 20,812

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ................... 0 0 0

Motors and engines, except internal combustion, 

aircraft, or electric ............................. 215 215 105

Internal combustion piston engines, other than 

for aircraft ................................... 68 0 0

Construction and mining equipment ................. 0 0 0

Forklift trucks and similar industrial vehicles ........... 16 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings .......................... 0 0 0

Certain motor-vehicle parts ....................... 95 0 0

Primary cells and batteries and electric storage 

batteries .................................... 3,393 2,026 979

Ignition starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment . . 6,795 0 0

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-8--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from the Dominican Republic, total and under the production-sharing

provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-18

Transportation equipment--Continued

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ................... 3 0 0

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies and chassis 

of the foregoing ............................... 4 0 0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment, 

except engines ............................... 3 0 0

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels ........ 0 0 0

Miscellaneous vehicles and transportation-related 

equipment ................................... 4 0 0

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts .................... 0 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 10,595 2,241 1,084

Electronic products:

Office machines ................................ 8 0 0

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ................. 3,994 5 2

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles and cables ......... 12,106 12,072 9,378

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and 

combinations thereof ........................... 30 8 3

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and other media ..... 7 0 0

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer software, 

and other recorded media ....................... 115 0 0

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote control 

apparatus ................................... 285 285 252

Television receivers, video monitors, and combinations 

including television receivers ..................... 0 0 0

Television picture tubes and other cathode-ray tubes .... 0 0 0

Television apparatus (except receivers and monitors), 

including cameras camcorders and cable apparatus ... 38 9 3

Electric sound and visual signaling apparatus .......... 34,560 1,007 503

Special-purpose tubes ........................... 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, and parts 

not elsewhere provided for ...................... 249,808 179,140 131,683

Electrical capacitors and resistors .................. 8,354 2,785 1,664

Semiconductor devices .......................... 2,902 204 152

Computer hardware ............................. 266 0 0

Photographic cameras and equipment ............... 10 0 0

Photographic supplies ........................... 21 0 0

Medical goods ................................. 350,069 238,922 143,793

Optical goods .................................. 539 532 434

Drawing and mathematical calculating and 

measuring instruments ......................... 0 0 0

Watches ..................................... 16 0 0

Measuring, testing, controlling and analyzing 

instruments .................................. 10,996 10,015 4,400

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 674,124 444,984 292,267

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ................ 0 0 0

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ................. 10 0 0

Pumps for motor vehicles ......................... 8 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 18 0 0

Special provisions ................................ 101,963 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .................................. 4,277,548 2,789,322 1,791,339

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Note.--Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-9

U.S. imports for consumption from the Philippines, total and under the production-sharing provisions

(PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-19

Agricultural products .............................. 642,916 0 0

Forest products .................................. 93,868 2 2

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and related 

products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ............... 36,986 0 0

Other energy and chemical products ................ 34,517 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 71,503 0 0

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except apparel) .......... 141,600 1,501 421

Apparel ...................................... 1,840,572 74,824 6,021

Footwear and parts ............................. 20,363 240 4

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 2,002,535 76,565 6,447

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products .............................. 1,143 0 0

Copper and related products ...................... 440 0 0

Aluminum mill products .......................... 0 0 0

Builders' hardware .............................. 1,558 0 0

Other metal products ............................ 124,750 46 1

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 127,891 46 1

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods .................. 251,502 1,286 49

Jewelry ...................................... 11,823 0 0

Furniture ..................................... 255,688 0 0

Lamps and lighting fixtures ........................ 47,110 630 132

Other miscellaneous manufactured articles ........... 90,560 89 28

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 656,682 2,006 209

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment ........................ 1,705 0 0

Household appliances, including commercial 

applications ................................. 528 6 5

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying equipment, and 

pumps for liquids ............................. 1,734 0 0

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and other equipment . . 1,300 0 0

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices ............. 11,607 0 0

Electric motors generators and related equipment ...... 33,767 0 0

Electrical transformers static converters and inductors ... 40,061 72 53

Powered handtools and parts thereof ................ 26 0 0

Flashlights and other similar electric lights light bulbs 

and fluorescent tubes; arc lights .................. 9,584 0 0

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire and 

related products .............................. 34,522 0 0

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment ............. 3,964 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 138,797 77 58

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ................... 825 0 0

Motors and engines, except internal combustion, 

aircraft, or electric ............................. 253 0 0

Internal combustion piston engines, other than 

for aircraft ................................... 325 0 0

Construction and mining equipment ................. 452 0 0

Forklift trucks and similar industrial vehicles ........... 55 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings .......................... 18 0 0

Certain motor-vehicle parts ....................... 38,140 0 0

Primary cells and batteries and electric storage 

batteries .................................... 5,180 0 0

Ignition starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment . . 5,799 0 0

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-9--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from the Philippines, total and under the production-sharing provisions

(PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-20

Transportation equipment--Continued

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ................... 143 0 0

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies and chassis 

of the foregoing ............................... 38 0 0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment, 

except engines ............................... 8,994 1,134 581

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels ........ 178 0 0

Miscellaneous vehicles and transportation-related 

equipment ................................... 940 0 0

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts .................... 1,122 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 62,464 1,134 581

Electronic products:

Office machines ................................ 2,722 0 0

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ................. 242,309 326 240

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles and cables ......... 0 0 0

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and 

combinations thereof ........................... 87,564 0 0

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and other media ..... 1,428 0 0

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer software, 

and other recorded media ....................... 3,994 0 0

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote control 

apparatus ................................... 3,043 0 0

Television receivers, video monitors, and combinations 

including television receivers ..................... 19,839 0 0

Television picture tubes and other cathode-ray tubes .... 56 0 0

Television apparatus (except receivers and monitors), 

including cameras camcorders and cable apparatus ... 73,769 0 0

Electric sound and visual signaling apparatus .......... 64,253 0 0

Special-purpose tubes ........................... 93 0 0

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, and parts 

not elsewhere provided for ...................... 81,658 2,315 1,388

Electrical capacitors and resistors .................. 18,336 0 0

Semiconductor devices .......................... 4,411,739 2,048,276 1,071,520

Computer hardware ............................. 2,783,362 4,682 1,926

Photographic cameras and equipment ............... 79,005 0 0

Photographic supplies ........................... 219 0 0

Medical goods ................................. 5,032 0 0

Optical goods .................................. 40,910 0 0

Drawing and mathematical calculating and 

measuring instruments ......................... 20 0 0

Watches ..................................... 147,909 88,053 12,581

Measuring, testing, controlling and analyzing 

instruments .................................. 37,902 907 725

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 8,105,164 2,144,559 1,088,379

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ................ 62 0 0

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ................. 238,786 106,910 41,270

Pumps for motor vehicles ......................... 4 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 238,853 106,910 41,270

Special provisions ................................ 238,037 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .................................. 12,378,710 2,331,301 1,136,948

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Note.--Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-10

U.S. imports for consumption from Malaysia, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of

HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-21

Agricultural products .............................. 292,882 0 0

Forest products .................................. 274,215 0 0

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and related 

products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ............... 69,595 1 (

1

)

Other energy and chemical products ................ 563,875 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 633,470 1 (

1

)

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except apparel) .......... 74,565 0 0

Apparel ...................................... 1,280,460 21,106 832

Footwear and parts ............................. 1,836 66 17

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 1,356,862 21,173 849

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products .............................. 30,615 0 0

Copper and related products ...................... 14,313 0 0

Aluminum mill products .......................... 325 0 0

Builders' hardware .............................. 10,766 0 0

Other metal products ............................ 203,734 6 (

1

)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 259,753 6 (

1

)

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods .................. 11,349 0 0

Jewelry ...................................... 6,861 3 3

Furniture ..................................... 465,936 0 0

Lamps and lighting fixtures ........................ 22,399 0 0

Other miscellaneous manufactured articles ........... 250,105 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 756,651 3 3

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment ........................ 52,030 7 6

Household appliances, including commercial 

applications ................................. 71,445 0 0

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying equipment, and 

pumps for liquids ............................. 1,949 0 0

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and other equipment . . 3,001 47 46

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices ............. 2,423 0 0

Electric motors generators and related equipment ...... 18,586 691 258

Electrical transformers static converters and inductors ... 116,299 6,225 1,588

Powered handtools and parts thereof ................ 1,951 0 0

Flashlights and other similar electric lights light bulbs 

and fluorescent tubes; arc lights .................. 1,536 0 0

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire and 

related products .............................. 39,048 0 0

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment ............. 20,125 44 4

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 328,395 7,014 1,901

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ................... 65,397 0 0

Motors and engines, except internal combustion, 

aircraft, or electric ............................. 25 0 0

Internal combustion piston engines, other than 

for aircraft ................................... 1,604 0 0

Construction and mining equipment ................. 7,010 0 0

Forklift trucks and similar industrial vehicles ........... 515 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings .......................... 3,957 0 0

Certain motor-vehicle parts ....................... 9,882 0 0

Primary cells and batteries and electric storage 

batteries .................................... 47,828 0 0

Ignition starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment . . 4,376 0 0

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-10--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from Malaysia, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of

HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-22

Transportation equipment--Continued

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ................... 1,105 0 0

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies and chassis 

of the foregoing ............................... 20 0 0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment, 

except engines ............................... 1,193 453 221

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels ........ 11,701 11,331 2,218

Miscellaneous vehicles and transportation-related 

equipment ................................... 8,426 0 0

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts .................... 101 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 163,139 11,784 2,439

Electronic products:

Office machines ................................ 58,335 0 0

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ................. 1,011,953 48 36

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles and cables ......... 5,644 3,422 2,694

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and 

combinations thereof ........................... 1,961,641 0 0

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and other media ..... 44,066 0 0

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer software, 

and other recorded media ....................... 17,843 9 5

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote control 

apparatus ................................... 4,283 0 0

Television receivers, video monitors, and combinations 

including television receivers ..................... 654,076 0 0

Television picture tubes and other cathode-ray tubes .... 30,127 0 0

Television apparatus (except receivers and monitors), 

including cameras camcorders and cable apparatus ... 34,064 0 0

Electric sound and visual signaling apparatus .......... 55,417 1,641 1,546

Special-purpose tubes ........................... 21 0 0

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, and parts 

not elsewhere provided for ...................... 255,523 2,926 1,440

Electrical capacitors and resistors .................. 30,851 190 101

Semiconductor devices .......................... 5,027,601 2,038,290 979,891

Computer hardware ............................. 7,474,728 8,518 4,803

Photographic cameras and equipment ............... 155,279 0 0

Photographic supplies ........................... 546 0 0

Medical goods ................................. 37,821 955 804

Optical goods .................................. 6,251 0 0

Drawing and mathematical calculating and 

measuring instruments ......................... 1,375 0 0

Watches ..................................... 18,119 0 0

Measuring, testing, controlling and analyzing 

instruments .................................. 67,777 13,077 1,534

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 16,953,339 2,069,076 992,855

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ................ 2,406 0 0

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ................. 11 0 0

Pumps for motor vehicles ......................... 0 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 2,417 0 0

Special provisions ................................ 370,056 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .................................. 21,391,177 2,109,056 998,048

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1Less than $500.

Note.--Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-11

U.S. imports for consumption from Korea, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS

Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-23

Agricultural products .............................. 184,287 0 0

Forest products .................................. 294,687 0 0

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and related 

products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ............... 655,173 107 36

Other energy and chemical products ................ 864,499 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 1,519,672 107 36

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except apparel) .......... 923,960 4,069 663

Apparel ...................................... 2,264,697 24,519 1,387

Footwear and parts ............................. 162,235 50,728 5,055

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 3,350,892 79,316 7,105

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products .............................. 911,706 0 0

Copper and related products ...................... 34,358 0 0

Aluminum mill products .......................... 42,365 0 0

Builders' hardware .............................. 28,586 0 0

Other metal products ............................ 976,081 2,741 275

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 1,993,096 2,741 275

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods .................. 166,817 548 44

Jewelry ...................................... 238,228 919 526

Furniture ..................................... 62,014 0 0

Lamps and lighting fixtures ........................ 26,745 0 0

Other miscellaneous manufactured articles ........... 551,242 1,003 380

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 1,045,047 2,470 951

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment ........................ 341,371 0 0

Household appliances, including commercial 

applications ................................. 634,041 0 0

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying equipment, and 

pumps for liquids ............................. 31,498 0 0

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and other equipment . . 27,803 32 16

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices ............. 88,513 0 0

Electric motors generators and related equipment ...... 157,868 6,122 1,722

Electrical transformers static converters and inductors ... 99,959 0 0

Powered handtools and parts thereof ................ 5,077 0 0

Flashlights and other similar electric lights light bulbs 

and fluorescent tubes; arc lights .................. 84,211 0 0

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire and 

related products .............................. 20,309 7 1

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment ............. 459,942 10,543 1,137

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 1,950,593 16,703 2,877

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ................... 94,408 0 0

Motors and engines, except internal combustion, 

aircraft, or electric ............................. 14,046 0 0

Internal combustion piston engines, other than 

for aircraft ................................... 41,118 0 0

Construction and mining equipment ................. 245,619 0 0

Forklift trucks and similar industrial vehicles ........... 116,760 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings .......................... 22,556 0 0

Certain motor-vehicle parts ....................... 280,299 31,602 21,164

Primary cells and batteries and electric storage 

batteries .................................... 57,755 0 0

Ignition starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment . . 88,050 2,472 687

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-11--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from Korea, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS

Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-24

Transportation equipment--Continued

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ................... 21,489 4,200 3,720

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies and chassis 

of the foregoing ............................... 2,885,664 20,629 5,455

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment, 

except engines ............................... 126,660 0 0

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels ........ 4,237 0 0

Miscellaneous vehicles and transportation-related 

equipment ................................... 80,477 11,521 2,739

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts .................... 15,326 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 4,094,467 70,424 33,766

Electronic products:

Office machines ................................ 36,983 0 0

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ................. 1,957,941 1,249 691

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles and cables ......... 3,889 0 0

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and 

combinations thereof ........................... 737,187 125 2

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and other media ..... 191,594 0 0

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer software, 

and other recorded media ....................... 70,655 51 22

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote control 

apparatus ................................... 15,352 3 2

Television receivers, video monitors, and combinations 

including television receivers ..................... 134,085 0 0

Television picture tubes and other cathode-ray tubes .... 17,706 0 0

Television apparatus (except receivers and monitors), 

including cameras camcorders and cable apparatus ... 67,652 1,276 811

Electric sound and visual signaling apparatus .......... 83,036 0 0

Special-purpose tubes ........................... 4,117 0 0

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, and parts 

not elsewhere provided for ...................... 296,201 195 93

Electrical capacitors and resistors .................. 37,280 3 3

Semiconductor devices .......................... 6,621,658 1,719,944 910,475

Computer hardware ............................. 5,461,875 94,618 82,026

Photographic cameras and equipment ............... 90,842 0 0

Photographic supplies ........................... 25,918 0 0

Medical goods ................................. 50,087 0 0

Optical goods .................................. 116,795 0 0

Drawing and mathematical calculating and 

measuring instruments ......................... 4,633 0 0

Watches ..................................... 18,468 0 0

Measuring, testing, controlling and analyzing 

instruments .................................. 55,926 79 25

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 16,099,879 1,817,543 994,149

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ................ 7,842 0 0

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ................. 1,227 0 0

Pumps for motor vehicles ......................... 15,221 13,018 3,017

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 24,290 13,018 3,017

Special provisions ................................ 595,394 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .................................. 31,152,305 2,002,321 1,042,176

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Note.--Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-12

U.S. imports for consumption from Honduras, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of

HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-25

Agricultural products: .............................. 290,708 0 0

Forest products: .................................. 26,522 0 0

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and related 

products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ............... 7,428 1 (

1

)

Other energy and chemical products ................ 790 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 8,218 1 (

1

)

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except apparel) .......... 6,819 1,036 929

Apparel ...................................... 2,197,767 1,859,791 1,317,171

Footwear and parts ............................. 822 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 2,205,408 1,860,827 1,318,100

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products .............................. 868 0 0

Copper and related products ...................... 716 0 0

Aluminum mill products .......................... 0 0 0

Builders' hardware .............................. 0 0 0

Other metal products ............................ 12,313 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 13,896 0 0

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods .................. 2,032 1,923 1,422

Jewelry ...................................... 62 0 0

Furniture ..................................... 42,477 0 0

Lamps and lighting fixtures ........................ 105 0 0

Other miscellaneous manufactured articles ........... 20,069 58 54

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 64,745 1,981 1,476

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment ........................ 2 0 0

Household appliances, including commercial 

applications ................................. 67 0 0

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying equipment, and 

pumps for liquids ............................. 0 0 0

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and other equipment . . 0 0 0

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices ............. 10 0 0

Electric motors generators and related equipment ...... 0 0 0

Electrical transformers static converters and inductors ... 2,727 0 0

Powered handtools and parts thereof ................ 0 0 0

Flashlights and other similar electric lights light bulbs 

and fluorescent tubes; arc lights .................. 3 0 0

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire and 

related products .............................. 350 0 0

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment ............. 128 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 3,286 0 0

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ................... 0 0 0

Motors and engines, except internal combustion, 

aircraft, or electric ............................. 0 0 0

Internal combustion piston engines, other than 

for aircraft ................................... 6 0 0

Construction and mining equipment ................. 0 0 0

Forklift trucks and similar industrial vehicles ........... 13 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings .......................... 2 0 0

Certain motor-vehicle parts ....................... 4,895 0 0

Primary cells and batteries and electric storage 

batteries .................................... 3 0 0

Ignition starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment . . 0 0 0

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-12--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from Honduras, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of

HTS Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-26

Transportation equipment–Continued

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ................... 0 0 0

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies and chassis 

of the foregoing ............................... 0 0 0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment, 

except engines ............................... 0 0 0

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels ........ 0 0 0

Miscellaneous vehicles and transportation-related 

equipment ................................... 0 0 0

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts .................... 0 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 4,919 0 0

Electronic products:

Office machines ................................ 0 0 0

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ................. 21 0 0

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles and cables ......... 0 0 0

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and 

combinations thereof ........................... 41 0 0

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and other media ..... 0 0 0

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer software, 

and other recorded media ....................... 0 0 0

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote control 

apparatus ................................... 112 112 98

Television receivers, video monitors, and combinations 

including television receivers ..................... 0 0 0

Television picture tubes and other cathode-ray tubes .... 0 0 0

Television apparatus (except receivers and monitors), 

including cameras camcorders and cable apparatus ... 345 299 245

Electric sound and visual signaling apparatus .......... 4 0 0

Special-purpose tubes ........................... 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, and parts 

not elsewhere provided for ...................... 6,150 10 9

Electrical capacitors and resistors .................. 0 0 0

Semiconductor devices .......................... 25 0 0

Computer hardware ............................. 32 0 0

Photographic cameras and equipment ............... 0 0 0

Photographic supplies ........................... 0 0 0

Medical goods ................................. 53 0 0

Optical goods .................................. 0 0 0

Drawing and mathematical calculating and 

measuring instruments ......................... 3 0 0

Watches ..................................... 10 0 0

Measuring, testing, controlling and analyzing 

instruments .................................. 0 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 6,795 420 352

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ................ 0 0 0

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ................. 36,171 18,782 8,913

Pumps for motor vehicles ......................... 0 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 36,171 18,782 8,913

Special provisions: ................................ 51,240 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .................................. 2,711,908 1,882,012 1,328,843

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1Less than $500.

Note.–Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-13

U.S. imports for consumption from Taiwan, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS

Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-27

Agricultural products: .............................. 411,729 0 0

Forest products: .................................. 210,973 0 0

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and related 

products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ............... 1,100,842 48 7

Other energy and chemical products ................ 310,382 13 11

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 1,411,224 61 18

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except apparel) .......... 838,403 10,797 913

Apparel ...................................... 2,077,422 17,531 364

Footwear and parts ............................. 110,852 35,034 2,695

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 3,026,677 63,362 3,972

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products .............................. 406,375 0 0

Copper and related products ...................... 139,937 0 0

Aluminum mill products .......................... 5,640 0 0

Builders' hardware .............................. 374,710 0 0

Other metal products ............................ 2,337,687 373 82

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 3,264,351 373 82

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods .................. 141,285 0 0

Jewelry ...................................... 40,542 0 0

Furniture ..................................... 1,010,000 36 3

Lamps and lighting fixtures ........................ 256,769 27 10

Other miscellaneous manufactured articles ........... 1,516,503 76,934 12,732

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 2,965,100 76,996 12,745

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment ........................ 431,388 0 0

Household appliances, including commercial 

applications ................................. 187,787 231 38

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying equipment, and 

pumps for liquids ............................. 72,196 0 0

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and other equipment . . 15,790 0 0

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices ............. 365,606 0 0

Electric motors generators and related equipment ...... 119,346 0 0

Electrical transformers static converters and inductors ... 279,473 82 30

Powered handtools and parts thereof ................ 239,367 0 0

Flashlights and other similar electric lights light bulbs 

and fluorescent tubes; arc lights .................. 43,971 0 0

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire and 

related products .............................. 193,607 106 60

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment ............. 1,055,530 14,922 2,036

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 3,004,062 15,341 2,164

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ................... 21,294 0 0

Motors and engines, except internal combustion, 

aircraft, or electric ............................. 2,371 0 0

Internal combustion piston engines, other than 

for aircraft ................................... 58,241 0 0

Construction and mining equipment ................. 2,114 0 0

Forklift trucks and similar industrial vehicles ........... 10,664 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings .......................... 38,995 0 0

Certain motor-vehicle parts ....................... 548,789 0 0

Primary cells and batteries and electric storage 

batteries .................................... 115,992 268 59

Ignition starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment . . 221,051 0 0

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-13--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from Taiwan, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS

Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-28

Transportation equipment–Continued

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ................... 2,398 0 0

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies and chassis 

of the foregoing ............................... 2,636 0 0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment, 

except engines ............................... 15,652 0 0

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels ........ 102,256 72,181 17,940

Miscellaneous vehicles and transportation-related 

equipment ................................... 117,596 0 0

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts .................... 67,512 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 1,327,561 72,449 17,999

Electronic products:

Office machines ................................ 181,511 0 0

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ................. 660,077 1,306 817

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles and cables ......... 3,242 9 2

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and 

combinations thereof ........................... 509,927 58 19

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and other media ..... 356,459 0 0

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer software, 

and other recorded media ....................... 97,859 0 0

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote control 

apparatus ................................... 155,579 122 33

Television receivers, video monitors, and combinations 

including television receivers ..................... 67,329 0 0

Television picture tubes and other cathode-ray tubes .... 21,480 0 0

Television apparatus (except receivers and monitors), 

including cameras camcorders and cable apparatus ... 856,520 669,167 7,156

Electric sound and visual signaling apparatus .......... 197,607 0 0

Special-purpose tubes ........................... 16,435 0 0

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, and parts 

not elsewhere provided for ...................... 1,082,655 5,282 2,194

Electrical capacitors and resistors .................. 112,438 18 6

Semiconductor devices .......................... 3,673,534 797,148 532,822

Computer hardware ............................. 9,688,360 7,949 3,753

Photographic cameras and equipment ............... 160,533 0 0

Photographic supplies ........................... 14,166 0 0

Medical goods ................................. 88,753 202 27

Optical goods .................................. 243,481 0 0

Drawing and mathematical calculating and 

measuring instruments ......................... 23,655 0 0

Watches ..................................... 41,648 4 2

Measuring, testing, controlling and analyzing 

instruments .................................. 145,804 102 41

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 18,399,054 1,481,364 546,872

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ................ 3,929 0 0

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ................. 20,425 6,726 1,184

Pumps for motor vehicles ......................... 3,038 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 27,392 6,726 1,184

Special provisions: ................................ 1,008,914 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .................................. 35,057,037 1,716,673 585,036

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Note.–Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-14

U.S. imports for consumption from China, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS

Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-29

Agricultural products: .............................. 1,191,337 770 579

Forest products: .................................. 1,526,242 4,792 567

Chemicals, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and related 

products:

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ............... 2,545,225 690 56

Other energy and chemical products ................ 1,998,674 3,185 1,163

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 4,543,899 3,875 1,219

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except apparel) .......... 1,834,994 7,573 1,528

Apparel ...................................... 7,398,879 87,260 20,359

Footwear and parts ............................. 8,437,973 984,430 69,815

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 17,671,845 1,079,264 91,702

Minerals and metals:

Steel mill products .............................. 217,137 0 0

Copper and related products ...................... 87,044 0 0

Aluminum mill products .......................... 17,326 0 0

Builders' hardware .............................. 277,522 36 17

Other metal products ............................ 4,921,146 11,588 3,747

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 5,520,175 11,623 3,765

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods .................. 1,966,802 1,902 115

Jewelry ...................................... 436,385 1,979 1,028

Furniture ..................................... 3,000,681 363 18

Lamps and lighting fixtures ........................ 2,280,313 2,443 454

Other miscellaneous manufactured articles ........... 14,025,442 42,236 6,167

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 21,709,623 48,925 7,781

Machinery and equipment:

Air conditioning equipment ........................ 846,548 220 61

Household appliances, including commercial 

applications ................................. 1,898,903 22,592 1,908

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying equipment, and 

pumps for liquids ............................. 123,438 8,522 972

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and other equipment . . 1,120 0 0

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices ............. 222,301 204 2

Electric motors generators and related equipment ...... 374,661 2,033 74

Electrical transformers static converters and inductors ... 881,638 42,189 5,857

Powered handtools and parts thereof ................ 388,906 54,197 3,899

Flashlights and other similar electric lights light bulbs 

and fluorescent tubes; arc lights .................. 263,837 1,188 384

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire and 

related products .............................. 556,011 1,153 637

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment ............. 584,374 3,221 610

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 6,141,735 135,519 14,404

Transportation equipment:

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ................... 32,293 0 0

Motors and engines, except internal combustion, 

aircraft, or electric ............................. 4,770 0 0

Internal combustion piston engines, other than 

for aircraft ................................... 72,255 889 33

Construction and mining equipment ................. 73,673 0 0

Forklift trucks and similar industrial vehicles ........... 24,715 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings .......................... 155,200 2,812 107

Certain motor-vehicle parts ....................... 299,474 6,536 2,543

Primary cells and batteries and electric storage 

batteries .................................... 298,065 492 108

Ignition starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment . . 84,541 4,104 434

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-14--Continued

U.S. imports for consumption from China, total and under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS

Chapter 98, by commodity groups, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total Total under U.S.

Commodity group imports HTS PSP content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-30

Transportation equipment--Continued

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ................... 50,174 0 0

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies and chassis 

of the foregoing ............................... 436 0 0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment, 

except engines ............................... 27,204 0 0

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar vessels ........ 14,660 3,620 959

Miscellaneous vehicles and transportation-related 

equipment ................................... 78,022 0 0

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts .................... 6,450 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 1,221,931 18,452 4,185

Electronic products:

Office machines ................................ 607,206 145 55

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ................. 2,172,367 2,428 1,938

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles and cables ......... 26,961 998 341

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and 

combinations thereof ........................... 4,755,542 403 358

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and other media ..... 129,682 0 0

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer software, 

and other recorded media ....................... 29,083 0 0

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote control 

apparatus ................................... 30,264 166 131

Television receivers, video monitors, and combinations 

including television receivers ..................... 129,150 143 105

Television picture tubes and other cathode-ray tubes .... 6,787 0 0

Television apparatus (except receivers and monitors), 

including cameras camcorders and cable apparatus ... 304,950 2,074 437

Electric sound and visual signaling apparatus .......... 328,813 126 32

Special-purpose tubes ........................... 4,328 0 0

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, and parts 

not elsewhere provided for ...................... 1,099,161 37,194 8,177

Electrical capacitors and resistors .................. 19,685 37 21

Semiconductor devices .......................... 639,506 179,650 115,382

Computer hardware ............................. 7,761,498 17,742 2,471

Photographic cameras and equipment ............... 1,077,032 21,443 6,277

Photographic supplies ........................... 2,788 0 0

Medical goods ................................. 369,652 27 13

Optical goods .................................. 525,523 0 0

Drawing and mathematical calculating and 

measuring instruments ......................... 32,026 0 0

Watches ..................................... 575,101 51 21

Measuring, testing, controlling and analyzing 

instruments .................................. 289,527 6,483 3,427

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 20,916,631 269,111 139,186

Seats, wiring, and pumps for vehicles:

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ................ 22,994 0 0

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ................. 130,785 39,647 8,342

Pumps for motor vehicles ......................... 10,921 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ....................................... 164,700 39,647 8,342

Special provisions: ................................ 914,162 0 0

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Grand total .................................. 81,522,281 1,611,978 271,729

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Note.–Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
B-31

Table B-15

U.S. imports for consumption under HTS heading 9802.00.60, by country and commodity, 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Monitoring group Korea Mexico Canada Germany China All other Total

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Other metal products ........ 0 1,882 14,348 14,528 8,337 2,384 41,479

Internal combustion piston 

engines, other than 

for aircraft .............. 0 3 22,100 26,470 0 962 49,534

Certain motor-vehicle parts ... 0 36,459 1,380 7 0 0 37,845

Semiconductor devices ...... 71,291 0 0 0 0 33 71,324

Computer hardware ......... 90,104 0 36 93 0 23 90,256

All other .................. 1,315 57,060 43,560 480 4,197 15,329 121,941

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .................. 162,710 95,403 81,423 41,578 12,534 18,732 412,379

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Note.--Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

Table B-16

U.S. imports for consumption under HTS heading 9802.00.90 from Mexico, by commodity, 1998 and 1999

(Thousand dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Monitoring group 1998 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Forest products ................................................... 0 102

Textiles, apparel, and footwear:

Textiles and textile products (except apparel) ........................... 107,123 49,324

Apparel ....................................................... 4,348,433 3,680,580

Footwear and parts .............................................. 168 281

Minerals and metals:

Other metal products ............................................. 4 0

Miscellaneous manufactures:

Luggage, handbags and flat goods ................................... 91,118 80,966

Furniture ...................................................... 0 71

Machinery and equipment:

Household appliances, including commercial applications ................. 3 5

Electrical transformers static converters and inductors .................... 3 0

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire and related products ............... 122 263

Transportation equipment:

Certain motor-vehicle parts ........................................ 870 338

Ignition starting, lighting, and other electrical equipment ................... 3 0

Miscellaneous vehicles and transportation-related equipment ............... 7 42

Electronic products:

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and combinations thereof ....... 19 0

Television apparatus (except receivers and monitors), including cameras,

camcorders and cable apparatus .................................. 0 4

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, and parts not elsewhere 

provided for .................................................. 0 3

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total ........................................................ 4,547,873 3,811,979

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Note:--Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-17

Duty savings from use of the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by monitoring group, 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Percent Nominal Effective

Monitoring group Total value U.S. content dutiable rate1rate2 Duty savings

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

–––––––– Thousand dollars ––––––– –––––––––––––– Percent ––––––––––––– Thousand

dollars

See note(s) at end of table.

Agricultural products ................. 2,289 1,385 40 2 1 24

Forest products ..................... 135,736 77,821 43 3 1 2,058

Fabricated plastic and rubber products ... 141,131 77,249 45 4 2 3,270

Other energy and chemical products ..... 75,374 31,831 58 (

3

) (

3

) 135

Textiles and textile products (except 

apparel) ......................... 391,239 225,240 42 6 2 13,183

Apparel ........................... 13,474,475 8,067,713 40 18 7 1,515,930

Footwear and parts .................. 1,689,716 228,618 86 14 12 37,668

Steel mill products ................... 14,227 9,691 32 3 1 288

Copper and related products ........... 10,258 4,566 55 2 1 116

Aluminum mill products ............... 9,650 6,377 34 4 2 259

Builders' hardware ................... 149,823 81,783 45 4 2 3,505

Other metal products ................. 425,026 234,644 45 4 2 10,182

Luggage, handbags and flat goods ...... 130,864 75,471 42 17 7 13,111

Jewelry ........................... 62,296 42,512 32 8 2 3,554

Furniture .......................... 16,813 10,252 39 (

3

) (

3

) (

4

)

Lamps and lighting fixtures ............ 152,279 102,012 33 7 2 7,214

Other miscellaneous manufactured 

articles .......................... 297,707 97,327 67 7 5 5,906

Air conditioning equipment ............. 303,332 218,338 28 1 (

3

) 3,099

Household appliances, including 

commercial applications ............. 433,440 247,631 43 2 1 5,535

Centrifuges, filtering and purifying 

equipment, and pumps for liquids ...... 87,999 55,721 37 0 0 0

Semiconductor equipment, robots, and 

other equipment ................... 4,804 1,184 75 1 1 7

Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices . . 390,354 279,959 28 2 1 5,906

Electric motors generators and related 

equipment ....................... 1,140,507 650,692 43 4 1 24,117

Electrical transformers static converters 

and inductors ..................... 742,618 359,455 52 3 1 9,517

Powered handtools and parts thereof ..... 201,504 64,511 68 1 1 159

Flashlights and other similar electric lights,

light bulbs and fluorescent tubes; 

arc lights ........................ 146,127 94,633 35 2 1 2,177

Nonautomotive insulated electrical wire 

and related products ................ 612,660 373,934 39 2 1 9,137

Miscellaneous machinery and equipment . . 570,436 179,954 68 1 1 2,271

Aircraft engines and gas turbines ........ 53,802 42,265 21 2 (

3

) 958

Motors and engines, except internal 

combustion, aircraft, or electric ....... 11,512 8,005 30 0 0 0

Internal combustion piston engines, other 

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review Industry Trade and Technology ReviewJULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables

B-32
Table B-17--Continued

Duty savings from use of the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by monitoring group, 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Percent Nominal Effective

Monitoring group Total value U.S. content dutiable rate1rate2 Duty savings

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

–––––––– Thousand dollars ––––––– –––––––––––––– Percent ––––––––––––– Thousand

dollars

See note(s) at end of table.

than for aircraft ................... 426,525 88,264 79 2 1 1,407

Construction and mining equipment ...... 163,686 22,260 86 0 0 0

Forklift trucks and similar industrial 

vehicles ......................... 9,489 364 96 0 0 0

Ball and rollers bearings .............. 43,553 22,259 49 7 3 1,679

Certain motor-vehicle parts ............ 1,911,416 897,988 53 2 1 22,448

Primary cells and batteries and electric 

storage batteries .................. 420,140 96,407 77 3 2 2,484

Ignition starting, lighting, and other 

electrical equipment ................ 273,508 167,749 39 2 1 3,718

Rail locomotive and rolling stock ........ 121,565 28,996 76 3 2 628

Automobiles, trucks, buses, and bodies and 

chassis of the foregoing ............. 30,883,389 1,532,246 95 3 2 59,595

Aircraft, spacecraft, and related equipment, 

except engines .................... 65,155 55,993 14 0 0 0

Ships, tugs, pleasure boats, and similar 

vessels .......................... 253,296 40,301 84 1 1 604

Miscellaneous vehicles and 

transportation-related equipment ...... 212,836 105,798 50 (

3

) (

3

) 17

Motorcycles, mopeds, and parts ........ 680 461 32 0 0 0

Office machines ..................... 60,005 32,358 46 2 1 569

Telephone and telegraph apparatus ...... 537,505 268,253 50 2 1 5,000

Optical fibers, optical fiber bundles 

and cables ....................... 43,519 27,063 38 3 1 698

Microphones, loudspeakers, audio 

amplifiers, and combinations thereof ... 354,214 96,344 73 4 3 4,234

Unrecorded magnetic tapes, discs, and 

other media ...................... 27,032 7,739 71 0 0 0

Records, tapes, compact discs, computer 

software, and other recorded media .... 691 243 65 (

3

) (

3

) (

4

)

Radio navigational aid, radar, and remote 

control apparatus .................. 91,352 37,608 59 2 2 774

Television receivers, video monitors, 

and combinations including television 

receivers ........................ 1,816,076 819,155 55 5 3 39,199

Television picture tubes and other 

cathode-ray tubes ................. 45,830 15,879 65 (

3

) (

3

) 38

Television apparatus (except receivers and 

monitors), including cameras camcorders 

and cable apparatus ................ 853,462 66,304 92 1 1 1,125

Electric sound and visual signaling 

apparatus ........................ 137,070 28,885 79 1 1 361

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review

B-33
Table B-17--Continued

Duty savings from use of the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98, by monitoring group, 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Percent Nominal Effective

Monitoring group Total value U.S. content dutiable rate1rate2 Duty savings

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

–––––––– Thousand dollars ––––––– –––––––––––––– Percent ––––––––––––– Thousand

dollars

Special-purpose tubes ................ 458 212 54 (

3

) (

3

) 1

Electrical and electronic articles, apparatus, 

and parts not elsewhere provided for ... 1,956,804 1,108,457 43 2 1 25,444

Electrical capacitors and resistors ....... 427,954 296,569 31 2 1 6,546

Semiconductor devices ............... 8,463,487 4,687,441 45 0 0 0

Computer hardware .................. 1,509,300 488,093 68 (

3

) (

3

) 32

Photographic cameras and equipment .... 23,222 6,919 70 (

3

) (

3

) 32

Photographic supplies ................ 70,908 31,138 56 4 2 1,152

Medical goods ...................... 984,478 463,344 53 (

3

) (

3

) 182

Optical goods ...................... 149,456 35,150 76 4 3 1,551

Drawing and mathematical calculating and 

measuring instruments .............. 112,429 3,572 97 1 1 48

Watches .......................... 165,209 57,332 65 8 5 5,006

Measuring, testing, controlling and 

analyzing instruments .............. 542,545 323,488 40 1 1 4,112

Seats for motor vehicles and aircraft ..... 634,313 54,798 91 0 0 0

Wiring harnesses for motor vehicles ..... 2,623,388 1,376,881 48 5 2 68,844

Pumps for motor vehicles ............. 32,886 14,866 55 3 1 372

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .......................... 78,326,835 25,357,949 68 5 3 1,937,189

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1Trade-weighted average rate of duty applicable to the products imported under HTS 9802.00.80 for each monitoring group. This is the rate that is applied

to the dutiable portion of such imports.

2Trade-weighted average rate of duty after accounting for the duty-free U.S.-origin content of imports under provision 9802.00.80.

3Less than 0.5 percent.

4Less than $500.

Note:--Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Table B-18

U.S. imports under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98 for all countries, by

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code, 1998 and 1999

(Million dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1998 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

SIC code Description Total U.S. content Total U.S. content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-35

011 Cash grains and other crops .............. 0 0 (

1

) (

1

)

016 Vegetables and melons .................. (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

017 Fruits and tree nuts ..................... 0 0 (

1

) (

1

)

018 Horticultural specialties .................. 1 (

1

) 1 1

021 Livestock, except dairy, poultry and animal

 specialties .......................... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

083 Forestry products, nspf .................. 0 0 1 1

141 Granite, limestone, etc suitable for

 monumental, paving, etc and marble

 rough and squared .................... 0 0 (

1

) (

1

)

144 Sand and gravel ....................... (

1

) (

1

) 0 0

203 Canned and preserved seafood, fruits,

 vegetables, jams, etc .................. (

1

) (

1

) 0 0

206 Sugar and confectionery products .......... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

207 Fats and oils .......................... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

208 Beverages and flavoring extracts ........... 0 0 (

1

) (

1

)

209 Food preparations and related products,

 nspf ............................... 2 (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

221 Broad woven fabrics, cotton .............. 1 1 1 1

222 Broad woven fabrics, manmade fibers and

 silk ................................ (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

223 Broad woven fabrics, wool ................ (

1

) (

1

) 0 0

224 Narrow woven fabrics ................... 8 3 5 3

225 Hosiery and knit fabrics .................. 340 304 422 375

227 Floor coverings ........................ 1 1 2 2

228 Yarn and thread, textile fibers ............. (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

229 Textile goods, nspf ..................... 48 26 55 27

231 Suits and coats, men's and boys', except

 raincoats ........................... 300 159 303 158

232 Shirts, nightwear, underwear, trousers, and

 work clothing, men's and boys ........... 6,056 3,885 6,566 4,063

233 Blouses, waists, dresses, suits, coats, and

 skirts, women's and misses' new, not knit

 or crocheted ......................... 1,922 1,060 1,735 924

234 Nightwear and underwear, women's, girls',

 childrens' and infants'; corsets and allied

 garments ........................... 1,428 937 1,491 993

235 Headwear, except rubber or plastic ......... 21 13 20 13

236 Outerwear, nspf, textile fibers ............. 2,904 1,725 2,792 1,463

237 Fur clothing and other articles made of

 furskins, nspf ........................ (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

238 Wearing apparel and accessories, nspf ...... 145 76 118 64

239 Fabricated textile articles, nspf ............ 836 614 819 595

243 Millwork, veneer, plywood, and structural

 wood products ....................... 19 10 11 8

244 Wooden containers ..................... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

245 Wood buildings and mobile homes ......... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

249 Miscellaneous wood products ............. 6 4 10 7

251 Household furniture ..................... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

254 Partitions, shelving, lockers, and office and

 store fixtures ........................ (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

259 Venetian blinds and parts, iron, steel or

 aluminum; furniture, nspf ............... 702 110 663 71

262 Paper mill products ..................... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

265 Paperboard containers and boxes .......... (

1

) (

1

) 1 1

267 Converted paper and paperboard products,

 except containers and boxes ............. 10 6 12 7

272 Periodicals, unbound, except as waste ...... 0 0 (

1

) (

1

)

273 Books and pamphlets ................... (

1

) (

1

) 0 0

274 Miscellaneous publications ............... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

275 Commercial printed matter ............... 16 13 12 9

277 Greeting cards ........................ 15 12 16 12

278 Blankbooks, loose leaf binders and devices ... 68 32 82 39

281 Industrial inorganic chemicals ............. (

1

) (

1

) 3 1

282 Plastics materials and synthetic resins;

 synthetic rubber; synthetic and other

 manmade fibers, except glass ........... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

283 Drugs ............................... 35 27 1 1

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-18–Continued

U.S. imports under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98 for all countries, by

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code, 1998 and 1999

(Million dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1998 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

SIC code Description Total U.S. content Total U.S. content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-36

284 Soaps, detergents, and cleaning

 preparations; perfumes, cosmetics, and

 other toilet preparations ................ 73 24 43 15

286 Industrial organic chemicals .............. 3 2 4 2

287 Agricultural chemicals ................... (

1

) (

1

) 0 0

289 Miscellaneous chemicals ................. 13 5 8 4

299 Petroleum and coal products, nspf ......... (

1

) (

1

) 0 0

301 Tires and inner tubes .................... (

1

) (

1

) 0 0

302 Rubber and plastic footwear .............. 526 33 641 51

305 Rubber and plastics hose and belting ....... 30 14 31 11

306 Fabricated rubber products, nspf ........... 48 27 42 23

308 Miscellaneous plastics products ........... 80 48 91 54

311 Leather, tanned or finished ............... (

1

) (

1

) 0 0

313 Prepared parts of footwear, all materials

 other than rubber, elastomer resin, metal,

 and asbestos ........................ 67 54 64 52

314 Footwear, except rubber and plastic ........ 995 130 976 123

315 Leather gloves, except sport gloves ......... 13 7 7 2

316 Luggage and related items ............... 123 70 111 70

317 Handbags and other personal leather

 goods .............................. 50 12 20 7

319 Leather goods, nspf ..................... 1 1 1 (

1

)

322 Glass containers; pressed and blown glass

 and glassware ....................... 7 4 7 4

323 Products of purchased glass, nspf .......... 27 14 34 16

326 Pottery and related products .............. 62 10 64 10

329 Abrasive, asbestos, and miscellaneous

 nonmetallic mineral products ............ 5 2 5 2

331 Blast furnace, steel works, rolling mill, and

 finishing mill products .................. 74 52 24 13

332 Iron and steel products .................. 1 (

1

) 1 (

1

)

333 Smelter and refined nonferrous metal ....... 1 (

1

) 1 (

1

)

335 Rolled, drawn, and extruded nonferrous

 metal .............................. 665 420 689 421

336 Nonferrous metal castings and forgings ...... 3 1 8 5

339 Primary metal products, nspf .............. 1 (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

341 Cans, used for transport of goods, of iron,

 steel, or aluminum .................... 3 3 2 2

342 Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware, nspf ...... 330 190 277 176

343 Heating equipment, except electric and

 warm air; and plumbing fixtures .......... 24 14 17 11

344 Fabricated structural metal products ........ 28 11 39 16

345 Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, washers and

 similar articles of base metals ........... (

1

) (

1

) 5 4

346 Metal forgings and stampings ............. 1 1 (

1

) (

1

)

348 Ordnance and accessories, except

 vehicles and guided missiles ............ 7 1 3 (

1

)

349 Fabricated metal products, nspf ........... 675 474 479 338

351 Engines and turbines, and parts and

 accessories, nspf ..................... 119 58 206 91

352 Farm and garden machinery and

 equipment, and parts and attachments,

 nspf ............................... 64 40 40 28

353 Construction, mining, and materials

 handling machinery ................... 691 148 402 99

354 Metalworking machines and equipment,

 and parts, accessories and attachments,

 nspf ............................... 472 116 276 70

355 Special industry machines and equipment,

 nspf, and parts, accessories and

 attachments, nspf ..................... 50 8 43 5

356 General industrial machines and

 equipment, nspf, and parts and

 attachments, nspf ..................... 316 177 297 179

357 Office, computing, and accounting

 machines, and parts and accessories,

 nspf ............................... 1,290 444 1,545 463

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review
Table B-18–Continued

U.S. imports under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98 for all countries, by

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code, 1998 and 1999

(Million dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1998 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

SIC code Description Total U.S. content Total U.S. content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

See note(s) at end of table.

B-37

358 Refrigeration and service machinery, and

 parts and attachments, nspf ............. 192 129 220 160

359 Flexible tubing and piping of base metal;

 and machine parts, nspf, nonelectric, nspf . . 34 20 50 27

361 Electric transmission and distribution

 equipment, and parts, nspf .............. 448 246 449 250

362 Electrical industrial apparatus ............. 1,774 993 1,726 945

363 Household appliances, and parts, nspf ...... 496 231 531 267

364 Electric lighting and wiring equipment ....... 1,083 629 1,035 614

365 Radio and tv receiving sets; phonographs;

 recorders; microphones; loudspeakers;

 audio amplifiers; & other audio equipment

 & accessories ........................ 3,552 1,328 2,025 886

366 Communication equipment and apparatus .... 1,218 271 1,577 367

367 Electronic components and accessories ..... 10,259 5,490 10,211 5,632

369 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and parts,

 nspf ............................... 3,058 1,508 3,241 1,566

371 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle

 equipment, and parts, nspf .............. 27,028 1,343 32,793 2,173

372 Aircraft and parts, nspf .................. 48 33 72 60

373 Ship and boat building and repairing ........ 135 29 253 40

374 Railroad equipment ..................... 94 20 117 25

375 Motorcycles, motor scooters, motorbikes,

 and cycles, not motorized, nspf, and parts,

 nspf ............................... 119 25 143 27

379 Miscellaneous transportation equipment,

 and parts, nspf ....................... 4 1 4 1

381 Aircraft flight, nautical & navigational,

 laboratory & scientific, geophysical,

 surveying & drafting instruments, & parts,

 nspf ............................... 110 41 92 38

382 Instruments for measuring, detecting,

 testing, and/or controlling nonelectric

 quantities, nspf, and parts & accessories,

 nspf ............................... 1,037 473 682 354

384 Surgical, medical, and dental instruments

 and supplies ......................... 1,089 557 1,018 533

385 Opthalmic focus lenses, unmounted,

 including contact lenses; and spectacles,

 and parts, nspf ....................... 3 1 4 1

386 Photographic equipment and supplies ....... 103 43 94 38

387 Watches, clocks, clockwork operated

 devices, and parts, nspf ................ 63 9 91 14

391 Jewelry of precious metal; jewelry findings;

 precious and semiprecious stones, not set

 or strung; silverware and plated ware ...... 75 58 57 39

393 Musical instruments, and parts and

 accessories, nspf ..................... 39 12 30 9

394 Toys and sporting, athletic, and gymnastic

 goods, appliances, apparatus or

 accessories, nspf ..................... 86 24 69 23

395 Pens, pencils, and other office and

 stationery supplies, and artists' materials ... 43 25 37 29

396 Jewelry, nspf; buttons, needles, and

 miscellaneous notions ................. 16 11 7 4

399 Brooms and brushes; linoleum and other

 floor coverings with a textile base;

 matches; candles, tapers and similar

 items .............................. 28 11 50 31

910 Scrap and waste ....................... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

920 Used or second-hand merchandise ......... (

1

) (

1

) 0 0

980 Goods imported from Canada and returned

 to Canada without having been advanced

 in value or improved in condition or

 combined with other articles ............. 12 12 0 0

JULY 2000

Industry Trade and Technology Review Production Sharing Tables
Table B-18–Continued

U.S. imports under the production-sharing provisions (PSP) of HTS Chapter 98 for all countries, by

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code, 1998 and 1999

(Million dollars)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1998 1999

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

SIC code Description Total U.S. content Total U.S. content

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

B-38

990 Special classification provisions, nspf ....... (

1

) (

1

) (

1

) (

1

)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Total .............................. 74,068 25,213 78,327 25,358

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1Less than $500,000.

Note.–Calculations based on unrounded data.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

JULY 2000

Production Sharing Tables Industry Trade and Technology Review