Quizalofop-P-ethyl (128709, 128711) Dietary Exposure Assessment D395387

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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND

 POLLUTION PREVENTION

MEMORANDUM

Date: 25-October-2011

Subject: Quizalofop-P-ethyl. Revised Chronic Dietary Exposure Assessment to Support 

Section 3 Registration for use on Corn, Rapeseed and Sorghum.

PC Codes: 128709,128711 DP Barcode: D395387 

Decision No.: 441518 Registration No.:352-341

Petition No.: Regulatory Action: Amended Section 3

Risk Assessment Type: Dietary Exposure Case No.: 

TXR No.: NA CAS Nos.: 76578-14-8, 100646-51-3

MRID No.:NA 40 CFR:180.441

REVIEWER: Seyed Tadayon, Chemist

Risk Assessment Branch V

Health Effects Division (7509P)

THROUGH: Donna Davis, Chemist

Meheret Negussie, Chemist

Dietary Exposure Science Advisory Council (DESAC)

Health Effects Division (7509P)

TO: Ideliz Negrón-Encarnación, PhD, Risk Assessor

Risk Assessment Branch V

Health Effects Division (7509P)

Executive Summary

This is a revision of the original Chronic Dietary Exposure Assessment to Support Section 3

Registration for use on Corn, Rapeseed and Sorghum (S. Tadayon, August 24, 2011, Dp 393220). 

This assessment has been revised to address the change in tolerance value (rapeseed subgroup 20 A,

Except flaxseed) from 1.00 ppm to 1.5 ppm.

Chronic dietary exposure and risk assessment was conducted using the Dietary Exposure 

Evaluation Model (DEEM-FCIDTM, Version 2.03) which uses food consumption data from the 

U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) 

from 1994-1996 and 1998. Acute dietary assessment was not conducted since there were no 

appropriate endpoints/doses selected for acute dietary risk assessment. The analyses were 

performed as part of a registration action; to support a Section 3 Registration on corn, rapeseed 

and sorghum. Quizalofop-p-ethyl was classified as "not likely" to be a human carcinogen, 

therefore no cancer assessment was performed. 
Quizalofop-P-ethyl (128709, 128711) Dietary Exposure Assessment D395387

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The chronic analysis incorporated tolerance level residues for all commodities, and 100 percent 

crop treated (%CT) was assumed. DEEMTM (ver 7.78) default processing factors were assumed 

when applicable. The analyses also included the PRZM-EXAMs modeled chronic surface water 

point estimate generated based on the sorghum application scenario. The chronic exposure 

estimates are  29 % cPAD and are therefore below HED’s level of concern (children 1-2 years 

old were the most highly exposed population).

I. Introduction

Dietary risk assessment incorporates both exposure and toxicity of a given pesticide. For chronic 

assessments, the risk is expressed as a percentage of a maximum acceptable dose. This is the 

PAD, which HED has concluded will result in no unreasonable adverse health effects. The PAD 

is the RfD divided by the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Safety Factor. Dietary risk is 

expressed as a percentage of the PAD. HED is concerned when estimated dietary risk exceeds 

100% of the PAD. References which discuss the chronic risk assessment in more detail are 

available on the EPA/pesticides web site: “Available Information on Assessing Exposure from 

Pesticides, A User’s Guide,” 6/21/2000, web link: http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000 

/July/Day-12/6061.pdf; or see SOP 99.6 (8/20/99).

The most recent dietary exposure assessment for quizalofop-ethyl was performed to support

section 3 registration for use on barley, wheat, sunflower and flax. [Christina Swartz, D31475, 

31/7/2006].

II. Residue Information

Established and Proposed Tolerances:

Presently, quizalofop ethyl is registered for uses on canola, crambe, cotton, dry beans, dry and

succulent peas, lentils, mint, snap beans, soybean, sugar beets, barley, flax, sunflower and wheat.

Tolerances are established under 40 CFR §180.441(a)(1) for the combined residues of quizalofop 

ethyl and quizalofop, all expressed as quizalofop ethyl in/on agricultural commodities except as 

listed in Section (a)(3), under §180.441(a)(2) for the combined residues of quizalofop ethyl, 

quizalofop, and quizalofop methyl, all expressed as quizalofop ethyl, for egg, fat, meat, meat 

byproducts, milk and milk fat, and under §180.441(a)(3) for the combined residues of 

quizalofop-P ethyl ester, quizalofop-P, and the S-enantiomers of the ester and the acid, expressed 

as quizalofop-P ethyl ester, for sugar beet, barley, wheat sunflower seed, canola, cotton, lentil, 

vegetable subgroups 6 and 7A, peppermint and spearmint. Other tolerances include a timelimited tolerance under §180.441(a)(4) which expired 6/14/1999 and a tolerance with regional 

registration under §180.441(a)(4)(c) on pineapple.

The following proposed tolerances have been included in the dietary exposure analyses, in 

addition to those already established under 40 CFR §180.441.

Rapeseed, subgroup 20A, except flax, seed 1.5 ppm

Sorghum, grain 0.20 ppm

Corn, grain 0.02 ppm
Quizalofop-P-ethyl (128709, 128711) Dietary Exposure Assessment D395387

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The inputs used were (i) tolerance level residues for all commodities, (ii) 100 percent crop 

treated (%CT) and (iii) DEEMTM ver. 7.78) default processing factors., 

III .Drinking Water Residues used in the Chronic Risk Assessment:

A drinking water exposure memo was generated for existing and proposed uses of quizalofop [S.

Wente, 07/19/2011, D384661]. A Tier II drinking water assessment of surface water was 

performed based on Index Reservoir settings, using the linked PRZM-EXAMs models. The 

sorghum application scenario was used to predict an estimated drinking water concentration 

(EDWC) of 2.006 ppb for chronic exposure. For ground water sources, the SCIGROW model 

was used to predict an EDWC of 1.29 ppb for chronic exposure. Since the surface water 

concentration was the highest, the chronic dietary risk assessment was conducted assuming a 

residue of 0.002 ppm for all water sources (direct and indirect).

IV. Program and Consumption Information

Chronic dietary exposure assessments were conducted using DEEM-FCIDTM (ver. 2.03), which 

incorporates consumption data from USDA’s CSFII 1994-1996 and 1998. The 1994-96, 98 data 

are based on the reported consumption of more than 20,000 individuals over two nonconsecutive survey days. Foods “as consumed” (e.g., apple pie) are linked to EPA-defined food 

commodities (e.g. apples, peeled fruit - cooked; fresh or N/S; baked; or wheat flour - cooked; 

fresh or N/S, baked) using publicly available recipe translation files developed jointly by

USDA/ARS and EPA. For chronic exposure assessment, consumption data are averaged for the 

entire U.S. population and within population subgroups. Based on analysis of the 1994-96, 98 

CSFII consumption data, which took into account dietary patterns and survey respondents, HED 

concluded that it is most appropriate to report risk for the following population subgroups: the 

general U.S. population, all infants (<1 year old), children 1-2, children 3-5, children 6-12, youth 

13-19, adults 20-49, females 13-49, and adults 50+ years old.

For chronic dietary exposure assessment, an estimate of the residue level in each food or foodform (e.g., orange or orange juice) on the food commodity residue list is multiplied by the 

average daily consumption estimate for that food/food form to produce a residue intake estimate. 

The resulting residue intake estimate for each food/food form is summed with the residue intake 

estimates for all other food/food forms on the commodity residue list to arrive at the total 

average estimated exposure. Exposure is expressed in mg/kg body weight/day and as a percent 

of the cPAD. This procedure is performed for each population subgroup.

V. Toxicological Information

There are no appropriate endpoints/doses selected for acute dietary risk assessment since there 

were no effects observed in oral toxicity studies that could be attributed to a single dose 

exposure. The chronic reference dose (cRfD) is established based on a combined chronic 

toxicity/carcinogenicity study in rats, in which liver effects and anemia were observed at the 

LOAEL. The FQPA factor was reduced to 1X, and there are no toxicity data gaps; therefore, the 

combined uncertainty factor (UF) of 100X for quizalofop-P-ethyl is based solely on inter- and 

intra-species differences. A summary of the toxicological doses and endpoints selected for 

dietary exposure assessment is provided in Table 1.

Table1. Quizalofop-P-ethyl Toxicological Endpoints for Dietary Analysis
Quizalofop-P-ethyl (128709, 128711) Dietary Exposure Assessment D395387

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Exposure

Scenario

Dose Used in Risk 

Assessment,

UF

FQPA SF and Level of 

Concern for Risk 

Assessment

Study and Toxicological Effects

Acute Dietary

[all populations]

An acute dietary endpoint was not selected based on the absence of an appropriate endpoint attributed to a single 

dose.

Chronic Dietary

[all populations]

NOAEL= 0.9 mg/kg/day

UF=100

Chronic RfD= 0.009 

mg/kg/day

FQPA SF = 1X

cPAD = cRfD

 FQPA SF

 = 0.009 mg/kg/day

Chronic Toxicity/ Carcinogenicity Study in Rats

LOAEL = 3.7 mg/kg/day based on increased incidence of 

centrilobular enlargement of the liver in both sexes and 

mild anemia in males.

Cancer Quizalofop-p-ethyl is classified as "not likely" to be a human carcinogen

1 UF = uncertainty factor, FQPA SF = FQPA safety factor, NOAEL = no observed adverse effect level, LOAEL = lowest 

observed adverse effect level, cPAD = chronic population adjusted dose, RfD = reference dose.

VI. Results/Discussion

The chronic dietary risk estimates are 29 % cPAD (See Table 2) and are therefore below HED’s 

level of concern (children 1-2 years old were the most highly exposed population).

Table 2: Summary of Chronic Dietary Exposure and Risk for Quizalofop-P-ethyl (drinking water included)

Population Subgroup cPAD (mg/kg/day)

Chronic

Exposure (mg/kg/day) %cPAD

General U.S. Population

0.009

0.001025 11

All Infants (< 1 year old) 0.002477 28

Children 1-2 years old 0.002636 29*

Children 3-5 years old 0.002315 26

Children 6-12 years old 0.001590 18

Youth 13-19 years old 0.000978 11

Adults 20-49 years old 0.000803 9

Adults 50+ years old 0.000685 8

Females 13-49 years old 0.000767 9

* Children 1-2 years old were the most highly exposed population

VII. Characterization of Inputs/Outputs

The chronic analysis was based on conservative assumptions (tolerance level residues and 100 

%CT) for food commodities, A modeled drinking water estimate was used is the assessment. The 

drinking water assessment of surface water was performed to assess drinking water exposure for 

quizalofop-p-ethyl in support of field corn and sorghum. Since the drinking water estimate was 

generated using the site/scenario which produced the highest estimated surface water 

concentration, and since conservative assumptions were used for food, HED concludes that the 

exposure estimates provided in this document are highly conservative and is not likely to 

underestimate risk.

VIII. Conclusions

The chronic dietary risk estimates are 29 % cPAD and are therefore below HED’s level of 

concern (children 1-2 years old were the most highly exposed population).
Quizalofop-P-ethyl (128709, 128711) Dietary Exposure Assessment D395387

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VIX. List of Attachments

Attachment 1: DEEM-FCID chronic residue file

Attachment 2: DEEM-FCID chronic exposure estimates

Attachment 1: DEEM-FCID chronic residue file

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ver. 2.00

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for QUIZALOFOP-ETHYL 1994-98 data

Residue file: C:\Documents and Settings\stadayon\My Documents\Work in 

Progress\quizalofop\Revised quizo_newuse 11c.R98

 Adjust. #2 NOT used

Analysis Date 10-25-2011 Residue file dated: 10-25-2011/07:15:38/8

Reference dose (RfD) = 0.009 mg/kg bw/day

Comment:Standard UFs apply (100X)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Food Crop Residue Adj.Factors Comment

EPA Code Grp Food Name (ppm) 

 #1 #2 

-------- ---- ------------------------------- ---------- ------ ------ -------

15000250 15 Barley, pearled barley 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

15000251 15 Barley, pearled barley-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

15000260 15 Barley, flour 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

15000261 15 Barley, flour-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

15000270 15 Barley, bran 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

06030300 6C Bean, black, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06020310 6B Bean, broad, succulent 0.250000 1.000 1.000 

06030320 6C Bean, broad, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06020330 6B Bean, cowpea, succulent 0.250000 1.000 1.000 

06030340 6C Bean, cowpea, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06030350 6C Bean, great northern, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06030360 6C Bean, kidney, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06020370 6B Bean, lima, succulent 0.250000 1.000 1.000 

06030380 6C Bean, lima, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06030390 6C Bean, mung, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06030400 6C Bean, navy, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06030410 6C Bean, pink, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06030420 6C Bean, pinto, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06010430 6A Bean, snap, succulent 0.250000 1.000 1.000 

06010431 6A Bean, snap, succulent-babyfood 0.250000 1.000 1.000 

21000440 M Beef, meat 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

21000441 M Beef, meat-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

21000450 M Beef, meat, dried 0.020000 1.920 1.000 

21000460 M Beef, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

21000461 M Beef, meat byproducts-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

21000470 M Beef, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

21000471 M Beef,fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

21000480 M Beef, kidney 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

21000490 M Beef, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

21000491 M Beef, liver-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

01010520 1A Beet, sugar 0.100000 1.000 1.000 

01010521 1A Beet, sugar-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 1.000 

01010530 1A Beet, sugar, molasses 0.200000 1.000 1.000 

01010531 1A Beet, sugar, molasses-babyfood 0.200000 1.000 1.000 

40000930 P Chicken, meat 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

40000931 P Chicken, meat-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

40000940 P Chicken, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

40000950 P Chicken, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

40000951 P Chicken, meat byproducts-babyfoo 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

40000960 P Chicken, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

40000961 P Chicken, fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

40000970 P Chicken, skin 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

40000971 P Chicken, skin-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

06030980 6C Chickpea, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06030981 6C Chickpea, seed-babyfood 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06030990 6C Chickpea, flour 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

15001200 15 Corn, field, flour 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

15001201 15 Corn, field, flour-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

15001210 15 Corn, field, meal 0.020000 1.000 1.000 
Quizalofop-P-ethyl (128709, 128711) Dietary Exposure Assessment D395387

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15001211 15 Corn, field, meal-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

15001220 15 Corn, field, bran 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

15001230 15 Corn, field, starch 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

15001231 15 Corn, field, starch-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

15001240 15 Corn, field, syrup 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

15001241 15 Corn, field, syrup-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

15001250 15 Corn, field, oil 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

15001251 15 Corn, field, oil-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

95001280 O Cottonseed, oil 0.100000 0.100 1.000 

95001281 O Cottonseed, oil-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 1.000 

70001450 P Egg, whole 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

70001451 P Egg, whole-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

70001460 P Egg, white 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

70001461 P Egg, white (solids)-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

70001470 P Egg, yolk 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

70001471 P Egg, yolk-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

20001630 20 Flaxseed, oil 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

23001690 M Goat, meat 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

23001700 M Goat, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

23001710 M Goat, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

23001720 M Goat, kidney 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

23001730 M Goat, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

06031820 6C Guar, seed 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

06031821 6C Guar, seed-babyfood 0.400000 1.000 1.000 

24001890 M Horse, meat 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

06032030 6C Lentil, seed 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

27002220 D Milk, fat 0.250000 1.000 1.000 

27002221 D Milk, fat - baby food/infant for 0.250000 1.000 1.000 

27012230 D Milk, nonfat solids 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

27012231 D Milk, nonfat solids-baby food/in 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

27022240 D Milk, water 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

27022241 D Milk, water-babyfood/infant form 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

27032251 D Milk, sugar (lactose)-baby food/ 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

06022550 6B Pea, succulent 0.300000 1.000 1.000 

06022551 6B Pea, succulent-babyfood 0.300000 1.000 1.000 

06032560 6C Pea, dry 0.250000 1.000 1.000 

06032561 6C Pea, dry-babyfood 0.250000 1.000 1.000 

06012570 6A Pea, edible podded, succulent 0.300000 1.000 1.000 

06032580 6C Pea, pigeon, seed 0.250000 1.000 1.000 

06022590 6B Pea, pigeon, succulent 0.300000 1.000 1.000 

95002750 O Peppermint 2.000000 1.000 1.000 

95002760 O Peppermint, oil 2.000000 1.000 1.000 

95002790 O Pineapple 0.100000 1.000 1.000 

95002791 O Pineapple-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 1.000 

95002800 O Pineapple, dried 0.100000 5.000 1.000 

95002810 O Pineapple, juice 0.100000 1.700 1.000 

95002811 O Pineapple, juice-babyfood 0.100000 1.700 1.000 

25002900 M Pork, meat 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

25002901 M Pork, meat-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

25002910 M Pork, skin 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

25002920 M Pork, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

25002921 M Pork, meat byproducts-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

25002930 M Pork, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

25002931 M Pork, fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

25002940 M Pork, kidney 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

25002950 M Pork, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

60003010 P Poultry, other, meat 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

60003020 P Poultry, other, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

60003030 P Poultry, other, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

60003040 P Poultry, other, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

60003050 P Poultry, other, skin 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

20003190 20 Rapeseed, oil 1.500000 1.000 1.000 

20003191 20 Rapeseed, oil-babyfood 1.500000 1.000 1.000 

26003390 M Sheep, meat 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

26003391 M Sheep, meat-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

26003400 M Sheep, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

26003410 M Sheep, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

26003411 M Sheep, fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

26003420 M Sheep, kidney 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

26003430 M Sheep, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

15003440 15 Sorghum, grain 0.200000 1.000 1.000 
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15003450 15 Sorghum, syrup 0.200000 1.000 1.000 

06003470 6 Soybean, seed 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

06003480 6 Soybean, flour 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

06003481 6 Soybean, flour-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

06003490 6 Soybean, soy milk 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

06003491 6 Soybean, soy milk-babyfood or in 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

06003500 6 Soybean, oil 1.000000 1.000 1.000 

06003501 6 Soybean, oil-babyfood 1.000000 1.000 1.000 

95003520 O Spearmint 2.000000 1.000 1.000 

95003530 O Spearmint, oil 2.000000 1.000 1.000 

20003640 20 Sunflower, seed 1.900000 1.000 1.000 

20003650 20 Sunflower, oil 1.900000 1.000 1.000 

20003651 20 Sunflower, oil-babyfood 1.900000 1.000 1.000 

50003820 P Turkey, meat 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

50003821 P Turkey, meat-babyfood 0.020000 1.000 1.000 

50003830 P Turkey, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

50003831 P Turkey, liver-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

50003840 P Turkey, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

50003841 P Turkey, meat byproducts-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

50003850 P Turkey, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

50003851 P Turkey, fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

50003860 P Turkey, skin 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

50003861 P Turkey, skin-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

86010000 O Water, direct, all sources 0.002000 1.000 1.000 

86020000 O Water, indirect, all sources 0.002000 1.000 1.000 

15004010 15 Wheat, grain 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

15004011 15 Wheat, grain-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

15004020 15 Wheat, flour 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

15004021 15 Wheat, flour-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

15004030 15 Wheat, germ 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

15004040 15 Wheat, bran 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

Attachment 2: DEEM-FCID chronic exposure estimates
Quizalofop-P-ethyl (128709, 128711) Dietary Exposure Assessment D395387

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ver. 2.00

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for QUIZALOFOP-ETHYL (1994-98 data)

Residue file name: C:\Documents and Settings\stadayon\My Documents\Work in 

Progress\quizalofop\Revised quizo_newuse 11c.R98

 Adjustment factor #2 NOT used.

Analysis Date 10-25-2011/07:21:12 Residue file dated: 10-25-2011/07:15:38/8

Reference dose (RfD, Chronic) = .009 mg/kg bw/day

COMMENT 1: Standard UFs apply (100X)

===============================================================================

 Total exposure by population subgroup

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Total Exposure

 -----------------------------------

 Population mg/kg Percent of 

 Subgroup body wt/day Rfd 

-------------------------------------- ------------- ---------------

U.S. Population (total) 0.001025 11.4%

U.S. Population (spring season) 0.001030 11.4%

U.S. Population (summer season) 0.001003 11.1%

U.S. Population (autumn season) 0.001029 11.4%

U.S. Population (winter season) 0.001039 11.5%

Northeast region 0.000986 11.0%

Midwest region 0.001056 11.7%

Southern region 0.001011 11.2%

Western region 0.001049 11.7%

Hispanics 0.001136 12.6%

Non-hispanic whites 0.000998 11.1%

Non-hispanic blacks 0.001079 12.0%

Non-hisp/non-white/non-black 0.001053 11.7%

All infants (< 1 year) 0.002477 27.5%

Nursing infants 0.000873 9.7%

Non-nursing infants 0.003086 34.3%

Children 1-6 yrs 0.002374 26.4%

Children 7-12 yrs 0.001511 16.8%

Females 13-19 (not preg or nursing) 0.000859 9.5%

Females 20+ (not preg or nursing) 0.000704 7.8%

Females 13-50 yrs 0.000834 9.3%

Females 13+ (preg/not nursing) 0.000894 9.9%

Females 13+ (nursing) 0.001026 11.4%

Males 13-19 yrs 0.001089 12.1%

Males 20+ yrs 0.000815 9.1%

Seniors 55+ 0.000676 7.5%

Children 1-2 yrs 0.002636 29.3%

Children 3-5 yrs 0.002315 25.7%

Children 6-12 yrs 0.001590 17.7%

Youth 13-19 yrs 0.000978 10.9%

Adults 20-49 yrs 0.000803 8.9%

Adults 50+ yrs 0.000685 7.6%

Females 13-49 yrs 0.000767 8.5%