IB 

Union Calendar No. 424 

108TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 2028 

[Report No. 108–691] 

To amend title 28, United States Code, with respect to the jurisdiction 

of Federal courts inferior to the Supreme Court over certain cases 

and controversies involving the Pledge of Allegiance. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MAY 8, 2003 

Mr. AKIN (for himself, Mr. MCINTYRE, Mr. DELAY, Mr. BLUNT, Mr. CANTOR, Ms. PRYCE of Ohio, Mr. ADERHOLT, Mr. BACHUS, Mr. BAKER, Mr. 

BARRETT of South Carolina, Mr. BARTLETT of Maryland, Mr. BARTON

of Texas, Mr. BASS, Mrs. BLACKBURN, Mr. BEAUPREZ, Mr. BEREUTER, 

Mr. BISHOP of Utah, Mr. BOEHNER, Mr. BONILLA, Mrs. BONO, Mr. 

BONNER, Mr. BOOZMAN, Ms. BORDALLO, Mr. BRADY of Texas, Mr. 

BROWN of South Carolina, Ms. GINNY BROWN-WAITE of Florida, Mr. 

BURGESS, Mr. BURNS, Mr. BURR, Mr. BURTON of Indiana, Mr. CALVERT, Mr. CAMP, Mr. CHOCOLA, Mr. COLE, Mr. COLLINS, Mr. CRANE, 

Mr. CULBERSON, Mr. CUNNINGHAM, Mrs. JO ANN DAVIS of Virginia, 

Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee, Mr. TOM DAVIS of Virginia, Mr. DEAL of Georgia, Mr. DEMINT, Mr. LINCOLN DIAZ-BALART of Florida, Mr. MARIO

DIAZ-BALART of Florida, Mr. DOOLITTLE, Mr. DUNCAN, Ms. DUNN, 

Mrs. EMERSON, Mr. FEENEY, Mr. FLAKE, Mr. FOLEY, Mr. FORBES, Mr. 

FOSSELLA, Mr. FRANKS of Arizona, Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN, Mr. 

GALLEGLY, Mr. GARRETT of New Jersey, Mr. GIBBONS, Mr. GILLMOR, 

Mr. GINGREY, Mr. GOODE, Mr. GOODLATTE, Mr. GRAVES, Mr. GREEN

of Texas, Mr. GUTKNECHT, Ms. HARRIS, Mr. HAYES, Mr. HAYWORTH, 

Mr. HEFLEY, Mr. HERGER, Mr. HOBSON, Mr. HOEKSTRA, Mr. 

HOSTETTLER, Mr. HOUGHTON, Mr. HULSHOF, Mr. HUNTER, Mr. ISSA, 

Mr. ISTOOK, Mr. JANKLOW, Mr. JENKINS, Mr. SAM JOHNSON of Texas, 

Mr. JONES of North Carolina, Mr. KELLER, Mr. KENNEDY of Minnesota, 

Mr. KING of Iowa, Mr. KINGSTON, Mr. KLINE, Mr. LAHOOD, Mr. 

LATOURETTE, Mr. LEWIS of Kentucky, Mr. LUCAS of Oklahoma, Mr. 

MANZULLO, Mr. MCCRERY, Mr. MCHUGH, Mr. MCINNIS, Mr. MICA, Mrs. 

MILLER of Michigan, Mr. GARY G. MILLER of California, Mr. MILLER

of Florida, Mrs. MUSGRAVE, Mrs. MYRICK, Mr. NEY, Mrs. NORTHUP, 
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Mr. NUNES, Mr. OSBORNE, Mr. OSE, Mr. OTTER, Mr. PEARCE, Mr. 

PENCE, Mr. PETERSON of Pennsylvania, Mr. PITTS, Mr. PORTER, Mr. 

PLATTS, Mr. POMBO, Mr. PUTNAM, Mr. REGULA, Mr. REHBERG, Mr. 

RENZI, Mr. REYNOLDS, Mr. ROGERS of Kentucky, Mr. ROGERS of Michigan, Mr. ROHRABACHER, Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, Mr. RYAN of Wisconsin, 

Mr. RYUN of Kansas, Mr. SAXTON, Mr. SCHROCK, Mr. SESSIONS, Mr. 

SHADEGG, Mr. SHERWOOD, Mr. SHIMKUS, Mr. SHUSTER, Mr. SIMPSON, 

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. SMITH of Texas, Mr. SMITH of Michigan, 

Mr. SOUDER, Mr. STEARNS, Mr. SULLIVAN, Mr. TANCREDO, Mr. TAUZIN, Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina, Mr. TERRY, Mr. TIAHRT, Mr. 

TIBERI, Mr. TOOMEY, Mr. WALSH, Mr. WAMP, Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania, Mr. WELDON of Florida, Mr. WELLER, Mr. WHITFIELD, Mr. WILSON of South Carolina, Mr. WOLF, Mr. YOUNG of Florida, and Mr. 

YOUNG of Alaska) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 

Committee on the Judiciary 

SEPTEMBER 21, 2004 

Additional sponsors: Mr. SKELTON, Mr. TAYLOR of Mississippi, Mr. 

COSTELLO, Mr. HYDE, Mr. COBLE, Mr. EVERETT, Mr. MCKEON, Mr. 

THORNBERRY, MR. SIMMONS, Mr. CARTER, Mr. TURNER of Ohio, Mr. 

PAUL, Mr. PICKERING, Mr. EHLERS, Mrs. BIGGERT, Mr. BOEHLERT, 

Mr. CASTLE, Mr. NORWOOD, Mr. WICKER, Mrs. WILSON of New Mexico, 

Mr. RAMSTAD, Mr. SHAW, Mr. CRENSHAW, Mr. ISAKSON, Mr. FERGUSON, Mr. KIRK, Mr. BUYER, Mrs. JOHNSON of Connecticut, Mrs. 

CAPITO, Mr. FLETCHER, Mrs. CUBIN, Mr. QUINN, Mr. VITTER, Mr. 

HASTERT, Mr. LEACH, Mr. SWEENEY, Mr. LATHAM, Mr. BALLENGER, 

Mr. GILCHREST, Mr. GOSS, Ms. GRANGER, Mr. KNOLLENBERG, Mr. 

UPTON, Mr. WALDEN of Oregon, Mr. LINDER, Mr. HASTINGS of Washington, Mr. BILIRAKIS, Mr. BRADLEY of New Hampshire, Mr. PORTMAN, 

Mrs. KELLY, Mr. KING of New York, Mr. MCCOTTER, Mr. MURPHY, Mr. 

RADANOVICH, Mr. ROGERS of Alabama, Mr. GERLACH, Mr. KOLBE, Mr. 

HENSARLING, Mr. NETHERCUTT, Mr. NUSSLE, Mr. BISHOP of Georgia, 

Mr. GORDON, Mr. CANNON, Mr. LOBIONDO, Mr. TURNER of Texas, Mr. 

RAHALL, Mr. CRAMER, Mr. HALL, Mr. NEUGEBAUER, and Ms. HART

SEPTEMBER 21, 2004 

Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee of the Whole House 

on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL 

To amend title 28, United States Code, with respect to 

the jurisdiction of Federal courts inferior to the Supreme 
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Court over certain cases and controversies involving the 

Pledge of Allegiance. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Pledge Protection Act 

5 of 2003’’. 

6 SEC. 2. JURISDICTION LIMITATION. 

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 99 of title 28, United 

8 States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol9 lowing: 

10 ‘‘§ 1632. Jurisdiction limitation 

11 ‘‘No court established by Act of Congress shall have 

12 jurisdiction to hear or determine any claim that the recita13 tion of the Pledge of Allegiance, as set forth in section 

14 4 of title 4, violates the first article of amendment to the 

15 Constitution of the United States.’’. 

16 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 

17 at the beginning of chapter 99 of title 28, United States 

18 Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new 

19 item: 

‘‘1632. Jurisdiction Limitation.’’. 

20 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

21 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Pledge Protection Act 

22 of 2004’’. 
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1 SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON JURISDICTION. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 99 of title 28, United 

3 States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 

4 ‘‘§ 1632. Limitation on jurisdiction 

5 ‘‘No court created by Act of Congress shall have any 

6 jurisdiction, and the Supreme Court shall have no appellate 

7 jurisdiction, to hear or decide any question pertaining to 

8 the interpretation of, or the validity under the Constitution 

9 of, the Pledge of Allegiance, as defined in section 4 of title 

10 4, or its recitation.’’. 

11 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections at 

12 the beginning of chapter 99 of title 28, United States Code, 

13 is amended by adding at the end the following new item: 

‘‘1632. Limitation on jurisdiction.’’. 

Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘A bill to amend title 

28, United States Code, with respect to the jurisdiction 

of Federal courts over certain cases and controversies involving the Pledge of Allegiance.’’. 

Union Calendar No. 424 

108TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 2028 

[Report No. 108–691] 

A BILL 

To amend title 28, United States Code, with retroversies involving the Pledge of Allegiance. to the Supreme Court over certain cases and con- spect to the jurisdiction of Federal courts inferior 

SEPTEMBER 21, 2004 

Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee 

dered to be printed of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and or-