IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

No. COA19-995

Filed: 19 May 2020

Henderson County, Nos. 17 CRS 054550, 17 CRS 054551

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

v.

DAVID JOHN GANTT, Defendant.

Appeal by defendant from judgments entered 24 June 2019 by Judge Peter B. 

Knight in Henderson County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 15 April 

2020.

Attorney General Joshua H. Stein, by Associate Attorney General Elizabeth B. 

Jenkins, for the State.

Reece & Reece, by Mary McCullers Reece, for defendant-appellant.

BERGER, Judge.

On January 30, 2018, David John Gantt (“Defendant”) was placed on 

supervised probation for felony breaking or entering and larceny after breaking or 

entering. Defendant’s probation was revoked and his suspended sentence was 

activated on June 24, 2019, after he admitted that he willfully violated the terms and 

conditions of his probation, including an allegation that he absconded. Defendant 

appeals from judgments upon revocation of his probation. However, Defendant 
STATE V. GANTT

Opinion of the Court

2

concedes his notice of appeal was defective. In the exercise of our discretion, we deny 

his petition for writ of certiorari and dismiss his appeal. 

Factual and Procedural Background

On January 30, 2018, Defendant pleaded guilty to felony breaking or entering

and felony larceny after breaking or entering. The trial court sentenced Defendant 

to two consecutive 8- to 19-month prison terms, suspended both sentences, and placed

Defendant on supervised probation for 24 months. Probation violations were filed for 

Defendant’s failure to comply with the terms and conditions of his probation on March 

12 and July 13, 2018 (the “Violation Reports”). The Violation Reports alleged that 

Defendant possessed drugs, possessed a firearm, possessed a stolen firearm, missed 

an office visit, was charged with defrauding a drug screen, was charged with 

possession of methamphetamine, had an outstanding warrant for possession of a 

stolen vehicle, and absconded.1

On June 24, 2019, the trial court conducted a hearing on the Violation Reports. 

Defendant admitted that he had willfully violated the terms and conditions of his 

probation as set forth in the reports, and he also informed the trial court that he had 

 

1 The March 12, 2018 Violation Report contains the file number for the breaking or entering 

charge, 17 CRS 54551. The July 13, 2018 Violation Report contains the file number for the larceny 

after breaking or entering charge, 17 CRS 54550. During the hearing, the probation officer discussed 

the initial violations which follow the language in the March 12, 2018 Violation Report for 17 CRS 

54551, and he then informed the trial court that there was an “Addendum violation” which alleged 

absconding. However, there is no addendum in the record

After discussing the “Addendum violation,” the probation officer discussed the alleged 

violations in the July 13, 2018 Violation Report for 17 CRS 54550.
STATE V. GANTT

Opinion of the Court

3

been convicted of a criminal offense. In addition, defense counsel stated to the trial 

court, “my recommendation is to terminate, . . . [a]nd I believe that’s by agreement 

with probation.” Defendant specifically admitted to absconding and conviction of a 

new criminal offense in 17 CRS 54551.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court announced Defendant’s 

probation was revoked. In the written judgment for File Number 17 CRS 54550, the 

trial court found Defendant had willfully violated the terms and conditions of his 

probation by absconding, missing and office visit, and possession of marijuana and 

drug paraphernalia. In the written judgment revoking Defendant’s probation in 17 

CRS 54551, the trial court found Defendant had willfully violated the terms of his 

probation as set forth in paragraph 1 of the July 13, 2018 Violation Report. 

Defendant filed a pro se purported written notice of appeal. Defendant argues 

on appeal that the trial court erred by revoking his probation in 17 CRS 54551 for a 

violation of which he had no notice or, in the alternative, for a violation that was not 

revocable. However, Defendant’s notice of appeal failed to comply with N.C. R. App. 

P. 4 in that the notice did not (1) designate the judgment from which he was 

appealing, (2) designate the court to which he was appealing, and (3) properly certify 

service. Defendant concedes that he neither designated the judgment or judgments

from which he was appealing nor the court to which he was appealing, and he had 

failed to attach a certificate of service. 
STATE V. GANTT

Opinion of the Court

4

The defects in Defendant’s notice deprive this Court of jurisdiction over his 

direct appeal. State v. Hughes, 210 N.C. App. 482, 484, 707 S.E.2d 777, 778 (2011); 

see also State v. McMillian, 101 N.C. App. 425, 427, 399 S.E.2d 410, 411 (1991). 

Therefore, Defendant’s appeal is dismissed.

Analysis

The writ of certiorari may be issued in appropriate 

circumstances by either appellate court to permit review of 

the judgments and orders of trial tribunals when the right 

to prosecute an appeal has been lost by failure to take 

timely action, or when no right of appeal from an 

interlocutory order exists, or for review pursuant to 

N.C.G.S. § 15A-1422(c)(3) of an order of the trial court 

ruling on a motion for appropriate relief.

N.C. R. App. P. 21(a)(1) (2019). 

“A petition for the writ must show merit or that error was probably committed 

below. Certiorari is a discretionary writ, to be issued only for good and sufficient 

cause shown.” State v. Killette, ___ N.C. App. ___, ___, 834 S.E.2d 696, 698 (2019) 

(citation and quotation marks omitted). Petitioner must also demonstrate “that the 

ends of justice will be . . . promoted.” King v. Taylor, 188 N.C. 450, 451, 124 S.E. 751, 

751 (1924). In addition, the decision of “[w]hether to allow a petition and issue the 

writ of certiorari is not a matter of right and rests within the discretion of this Court.” 

State v. Biddix, 244 N.C. App. 482, 486, 780 S.E.2d 863, 866 (2015) (citation omitted).

Defendant’s probation was revoked and his suspended sentence activated for 

absconding and possession of drug paraphernalia. These are regular conditions of 
STATE V. GANTT

Opinion of the Court

5

probation. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1343(b) (2019); see also N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A1344(a) (2019) (“The court may only revoke probation for a violation of a condition of 

probation under G.S. 15A-1343(b)(1) [new criminal offense] or G.S. 15A-1343(b)(3a) 

[abscond by willfully avoiding supervision]”).

Defendant admitted in open court that he was in willful violation of these 

regular conditions. Defendant has failed to demonstrate that the ends of justice 

would be promoted by allowing the petition and issuing the writ. In the exercise of

our discretion, we deny Defendant’s petition for writ of certiorari.

Conclusion

For the reasons stated herein, Defendant’s petition for writ of certiorari is 

denied and his appeal is dismissed. 

DENIED IN PART AND DISMISSED.

Judge TYSON concurs.

Judge COLLINS dissents in separate opinion.
No. COA19-995 – State v. Gantt

COLLINS, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part.

I concur in the majority opinion to deny Defendant’s petition for writ of 

certiorari in 17 CRS 054550 and to dismiss his appeal in that case. However, where 

Defendant’s probation in 17 CRS 054551 was revoked for absconding–a violation not 

alleged in the probation violation report–I respectfully dissent from the remainder of 

the majority opinion that leads to its conclusion to deny Defendant’s petition for writ 

of certiorari in 17 CRS 054551 and to dismiss his appeal in that case.

I. Factual Background

Although the majority opinion includes a recitation of the facts, I include a 

recitation of the facts as well.

On 30 January 2018, Defendant pled guilty in district court to felony breaking 

and entering in 17 CR 54550, and felony larceny after breaking and entering in 17 

CR 54551.2 The trial court sentenced Defendant to two consecutive 8-19 month prison 

terms, suspended both sentences, and placed Defendant on 24 months’ supervised 

probation. 

 

2 The district court file numbers were 17 CR 54550 and 17 CR 54551. Upon the filing of the 

probation violation reports in superior court, the file numbers became 17 CRS 054550 and 17 CRS 

054551.
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 2 -

On 12 March 2018, Defendant’s probation officer filed a probation violation 

report in superior court in 17 CRS 054551 (“March report”). The March report alleged 

the following probation violations: 

1. “Report as directed by the Court, Commission or the 

supervising officer to the officer at reasonable times and 

places . . .” in that 

OFFENDER FAILED TO REPORT FOR OFFICE 

VISIT ON 3/7/2018. 

2. Condition of Probation “Not possess contraband or 

stolen goods” in that 

DURING WARRANTLESS SEARCH OFFENDER 

WAS FOUND TO HAVE STOLEN PROPERTY IN HIS 

POSSESSION INCLUDING A STOLEN FIREARM. 

PROPERTY WAS SEIZED BY HENDERSON 

COUNTY SHERIFFS DEPARTMENT 

3. Condition of Probation “Possess no firearm, explosive 

device or other deadly weapon” in that []

OFFENDER WAS FOUND TO BE IN POSSESSION 

OF RIFLE/FIREARM DURING SEARCH OF HIS 

RESIDENCE ON 3/9/2018. RIFLE WAS TAKEN AS 

EVIDENCE BY HENDERSON COUNTY SHERIFFS 

DEPARTMENT. 

4. Condition of Probation “Not use, possess or control any 

illegal drug or controlled substance unless it has been 

prescribed for the defendant by a licensed physician and 

is in the original container with the prescription 

number affixed on it . . .” in that 

MARIJUANA AND A HOMEADE WATER BONG 

WERE FOUND DURING ROUTINE SEARCH OF 

OFFENDERS RESIDENCE ON 3/09/2018 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 3 -

On 13 July 2018, the probation officer filed a probation violation report in 

superior court in 17 CRS 054550 (“July report”). The July report alleged the following 

probation violations:

1. Regular Condition of Probation: General Statute 

15A-1343(b) (3a) “Not to abscond, by willfully avoiding 

supervision or by willfully making the supervisee’s 

whereabouts unknown to the supervising probation 

officer” in that, 

OFFENDER LEFT SOUTHERNAIRE MOTEL ROOM 

NUMBER 12 ON OR ABOUT 6/20/2018 AND HAS 

FAILED TO MAKE WHEREABOUTS KNOWN THUS 

ABSCONDING 

2. “Report as directed by the Court, Commission or the 

supervising officer to the officer at reasonable times and 

places . . .” in that 

OFFENDER MISSED OFFICE VISIT ON 3/7/2018. 

3. Condition of Probation “Not possess contraband or 

stolen goods” in that 

OFFENDER WAS IN POSSESSION OF STOLEN 

ITEMS DURING ROUTINE SEARCH ON 3/09/2018 

AT HIS RESIDENCE. ITEMS SEIZED BY 

HENDERSON COUNTY SHERIFFS DEPARTMENT. 

4. Condition of Probation “Possess no firearm, explosive 

device or other deadly weapon” in that [] 

OFFENDER IN POSSESSION OF STOLEN FIREARM 

DURING ROUTINE SEARCH ON 3/9/2018. WEAPON 

SEIZED BY HENDERSON COUNTY SHERIFFS 

DEPARTMENT 

5. Condition of Probation “Not use, possess or control any 

illegal drug or controlled substance unless it has been 

prescribed for the defendant by a licensed physician and 

is in the original container with the prescription 

number affixed on it . . .” in that 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 4 -

MARIJUANA AND HOMEADE WATER BONG 

FOUND DURING SEARCH OF OFFENDERS 

RESIDENCE ON 3/09/2018. 

6. General Statute 15A-1343(b)(1) “Commit no criminal 

offense in any jurisdiction” in that 

WARRANT ISSUED FOR DEFRAUDING DRUG 

SCREEN ON 3/12/2018 AFTER ATTEMPTING TO 

PROVIDE URINE IN PLASTIC[] BOTTLE HIDDEN 

IN PANTS DURING ROUTINE SCREEN. 

7. General Statute 15A-1343(b)(1) “Commit no criminal 

offense in any jurisdiction” in that 

OFFENDER CHARGED WITH POSSESSION OF 

METHAMPHETAMINE ON 4/08/2018 IN 

HENDERSON COUNTY NC AND OUTSTANDING 

WARRANT OF POSSESSION OF STOLEN MOTOR 

VEHICLE WITH OFFENSE DATE OF 6/20/2018 

The trial court held a hearing on the probation violation reports on 24 June 

2019. 

At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court announced it was revoking 

Defendant’s probation in both 17 CRS 054550 and 054551 for absconding. In the 

written judgment revoking Defendant’s probation in 17 CRS 054550, the trial court 

found Defendant had willfully violated the terms of his probation as set forth “in 

Paragraph(s) 1-2, 5 of the Violation Report or Notice dated 07/13/2018.” Similarly, in 

the written judgment revoking Defendant’s probation in 17 CRS 054551, the trial 

court found Defendant had willfully violated the terms of his probation as set forth 

in “in Paragraph(s) 1 of the Violation Report or Notice dated 07/13/2018.” 

Defendant filed a written notice of appeal on 2 July 2019. 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 5 -

II. Discussion

Defendant argues that the trial court erred by revoking his probation in 17 

CRS 054551 for a violation of which he had no notice or, in the alternative, for a 

violation that was not revocable. 

A. Jurisdiction

Initially, I address our jurisdiction over this appeal. 

Rule 4(a) of the Rules of Appellate Procedure provides that notice of appeal 

from a criminal case may be taken by “(1) giving oral notice of appeal at trial, or (2) 

filing notice of appeal with the clerk of superior court and serving copies thereof upon 

all adverse parties within fourteen days after entry of the judgment or order[.]” N.C. 

R. App. P. 4(a). Such written notice

shall specify the party or parties taking the appeal; shall 

designate the judgment or order from which appeal is 

taken and the court to which appeal is taken; and shall be 

signed by counsel of record for the party or parties taking 

the appeal, or by any such party not represented by counsel 

of record.

N.C. R. App. P. 4(b). 

However, even if a written notice of appeal does not technically comply with 

Rule 4, “[w]e may liberally construe a notice of appeal in one of two ways to determine 

whether it provides jurisdiction[.]” Von Ramm v. Von Ramm, 99 N.C. App. 153, 156, 

392 S.E.2d 422, 424 (1990). “First, a mistake in designating the judgment, or in 

designating the part appealed from if only a part is designated, should not result in 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 6 -

loss of the appeal as long as the intent to appeal from a specific judgment can be fairly 

inferred from the notice and the appellee is not misled by the mistake.” Id. at 156-

57, 392 S.E.2d at 424 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). “Second, if a 

party technically fails to comply with procedural requirements in filing papers with 

the court, the court may determine that the party complied with the rule if the party 

accomplishes the ‘functional equivalent’ of the requirement.” Id. at 157, 392 S.E.2d 

at 424 (citation omitted).

In this case, Defendant filed a pro se notice of appeal on 2 July 2019 on what 

appears to be a pre-printed form for noticing appeal from Henderson County District 

Court to Henderson County Superior Court. The notice appears in the record as 

follows:

NOTICE OF APPEAL

RE: CASE NUMBER 19009692

I, David John Gantt, give Notice of Appeal in the 

above-referenced case. My case was disposed of on 6/24/19

in Henderson County District Superior Court.

David Gantt

(Signature of Defendant)

NEXT COURT APPEARANCE:

N/A

(date)

Henderson County Superior Court
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 7 -

The underlined portions of the above form indicate blanks that Defendant filled in by 

hand. Additionally, Defendant crossed out “District” and wrote in “Superior” Court. 

Also on 2 July 2019, the trial court entered Appellate Entries in both 17 CRS 

054550 and 17 CRS 054551 indicating that “[D]efendant has given Notice of Appeal 

to the N.C. Court of Appeals,” and appointing the Appellate Defender to perfect 

Defendant’s appeal. Appointment of Appellate Counsel by the Appellate Defender 

was entered 19 August 2019. On 27 August 2019, the transcript of the proceedings 

was delivered to appellate counsel; the assistant district attorney; and the North 

Carolina Department of Justice, Appellate Section. On 26 September 2019, 

Defendant served the proposed record on appeal on the State. As the State did not 

serve on Defendant “a notice of approval of the Proposed Record on Appeal or 

objections, amendments or alternative Proposed Record on Appeal[,]” the record was 

settled by operation of N.C. R. App. P. 11(b) and filed on 8 November 2019. 

Defendant’s notice of appeal, though timely filed, does not clearly designate 

the judgments from which he was appealing nor the court to which he was appealing, 

and failed to attach a certificate of service to confirm service, in violation of N.C. R. 

App. P. 4. Nonetheless, it can be fairly inferred from Defendant’s “NOTICE OF 

APPEAL” that he intended to appeal the judgments entered against him on “6/24/19” 

in Henderson County Superior Court. Indeed, neither the trial court nor the State 

were unclear that Defendant was appealing the judgments in 17 CRS 054550 and 17 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 8 -

CRS 054551 entered on 24 June 2019 in Henderson County Superior Court. 

Furthermore, “‘since this Court is the only court with jurisdiction to hear 

[D]efendant’s appeal, it can be fairly inferred [D]efendant intended to appeal to this 

Court.’” State v. Rouse, 234 N.C. App. 92, 94, 757 S.E.2d 690, 692 (2014) (quoting 

State v. Ragland, 226 N.C. App. 547, 553, 739 S.E.2d 616, 620, disc. review denied, 

367 N.C. 220, 747 S.E.2d 548 (2013)). Accordingly, neither of these technical 

deficiencies are jurisdictional in this case.

Additionally, “a party upon whom service of notice of appeal is required may 

waive the failure of service by not raising the issue by motion or otherwise and by 

participating without objection in the appeal[.]” Hale v. Afro-Am. Arts Int’l, Inc., 335 

N.C. 231, 232, 436 S.E.2d 588, 589 (1993). The State did not move to dismiss 

Defendant’s appeal based on lack of service. However, the State did not respond to 

Defendant’s proposed record on appeal and then raised the issue of jurisdiction in its 

response to Defendant’s petition for writ of certiorari and in its response brief. 

Because there is no certificate of service of the notice of appeal and the State has not 

waived Defendant’s failure to include proof of service of his notice of appeal, this 

appeal must be dismissed. See Ribble v. Ribble, 180 N.C. App. 341, 343, 637 S.E.2d 

239, 240 (2006).

However, Defendant has filed a petition for certiorari asking this Court “to 

review the Judgment and Commitments Upon Revocation of Probation in Henderson 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 9 -

County files 17 CRS 54550 and 54551 entered on 24 June 2019[.]” “The writ of 

certiorari may be issued in appropriate circumstances by either appellate court to 

permit review of the judgments and orders of trial tribunals when the right to 

prosecute an appeal has been lost by failure to take timely action . . . .” N.C. R. App. 

P. 21(a). “A petition for the writ must show merit or that error was probably 

committed below. Certiorari is a discretionary writ, to be issued only for good and 

sufficient cause shown.” State v. Killette, 834 S.E.2d 696, 698 (N.C. Ct. App. Nov. 5, 

2019) (citation and quotation marks omitted). Petitioner must also demonstrate “that 

the ends of justice will be . . . promoted.” King v. Taylor, 188 N.C. 450, 451, 124 S.E. 

751, 751 (1924).

On appeal, Defendant argues that the trial court erred in revoking his 

probation in 17 CRS 054551 but makes no argument regarding the revocation of his 

probation in 17 CRS 054550. Thus, I concur with the majority’s conclusion to deny 

Defendant’s petition for writ of certiorari to review the judgment upon revocation of 

his probation in 17 CRS 054550. 

However, in light of Defendant’s timely, albeit technically deficient, pro se 

Notice of Appeal, and the due process violations that led to the improper revocation 

of Defendant’s probation, I believe it an abuse of discretion to overlook those 

violations and deny a petition for writ of certiorari to review the judgment upon 

revocation of Defendant’s probation in 17 CRS 054551. I would thus grant the 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 10 -

petition for writ of certiorari and review the merits of Defendant’s appeal in 17 CRS 

054551.

B. Analysis

“A probation revocation proceeding is not a formal criminal prosecution, and 

probationers thus have ‘more limited due process right[s].’” State v. Murchison, 367 

N.C. 461, 464, 758 S.E.2d 356, 358 (2014) (quoting Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 

789 (1973), superseded by statute, Parole Commission and Reorganization Act, Pub. 

L. No. 94-233, 90 Stat. 228 (1976)). As a matter of due process, however,

[t]he probationer is entitled to written notice of the claimed 

violations of his probation; disclosure of the evidence 

against him; an opportunity to be heard in person and to 

present witnesses and documentary evidence; a neutral 

hearing body; and a written statement by the factfinder as 

to the evidence relied on and the reasons for revoking 

probation.

Black v. Romano, 471 U.S. 606, 612 (1985) (citing Gagnon, 411 U.S. at 786). The 

General Assembly has effectuated this notice-related due process requirement by 

enacting N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1345(e), which states in pertinent part:

Before revoking or extending probation, the court must, 

unless the probationer waives the hearing, hold a hearing 

to determine whether to revoke or extend probation and 

must make findings to support the decision and a summary 

record of the proceedings. The State must give the 

probationer notice of the hearing and its purpose, including 

a statement of the violations alleged.
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 11 -

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1345(e) (2019). “The purpose of the notice mandated by this 

section is to allow the defendant to prepare a defense and to protect the defendant 

from a second probation violation hearing for the same act.” State v. Hubbard, 198 

N.C. App. 154, 158, 678 S.E.2d 390, 393 (2009) (citation omitted).

A defendant’s probation can be revoked only if the defendant (1) commits a 

criminal offense in any jurisdiction in violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1343(b)(1); 

(2) absconds from supervision in violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1343(b)(3a); or (3) 

has already served two periods of confinement for violating other conditions of 

probation according to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1344(d2). N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1344(a) 

(2019); State v. Williams, 243 N.C. App. 198, 199-200, 776 S.E.2d 741, 742 (2015).

At the beginning of the hearing on the probation violation reports, Defendant 

acknowledged, through counsel, that he “waive[d] a formal reading and admit[ted] a 

willful violation of his probation[.]” The probation officer then purported to read the 

allegations in the violation reports. After detailing the violations of probation in 17 

CRS 054551 alleged in the March report, he added, “Addendum violation, offender 

left room No. 12 of the Southern Air Motel on or about 6/22/2018 and failed to make 

his whereabouts known.” However, that violation is not alleged in the March report 

in 17 CRS 054551, no addendum to the March report appears in the record on appeal,3

 

3 Had an addendum to the March report been erroneously excluded from the proposed record 

on appeal, the State could have timely served the addendum as an amendment to the proposed record 

on appeal. See N.C. R. App. P. 11. Moreover, after the record on appeal had been settled, the State 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 12 -

and the State does not argue on appeal that there was an addendum to the March 

report.

The probation officer then stated that the July report in 17 CRS 054550 alleged 

“the same violations” as the March report in 17 CRS 054551, with the addition of “a 

warrant was issued for defrauding a drug screen. That’s since been dismissed. And 

he had a charge of possession of methamphetamine and an outstanding warrant for 

possession of a stolen motor vehicle. Those have all been resolved at this time.” 

The probation officer and defense counsel both recommended the trial court 

terminate Defendant’s probation. The trial court announced, “Well, let me just first 

make the record or help the record be clear on what it is you’re admitting[,]” after 

which the following dialogue took place:

THE COURT: And 17CRS54551, there are two allegations 

that I see. One of them is the absconsion, the other is the 

outstanding warrants for possession of stolen, I guess, 

property. So apparently no conviction yet in that. You’re 

admitting to absconsion in that?

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Yes, Your Honor.

THE COURT: And I’m not sure, the State, I don’t think, is 

pursuing the other. So we will note that the State is 

pursuing No 1 in that, and that’s admitted. The State is 

not pursuing No. 2, if I’m correct on that. Does that sound 

right? Just the conviction for the marijuana that is alleged 

on the other file which is 17CRS54550. The absconsion, 

 

could have supplemented the record with the addendum, had it been presented to the trial court. N.C. 

R. App. P. 9(b)(5) (“If the record on appeal as settled is insufficient to respond to the issues presented 

in an appellant’s brief . . ., the responding party may supplement the record on appeal with any items 

that could otherwise have been included pursuant to this Rule 9.”).
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 13 -

No. 1, is admitted. Is he admitting he missed the visit on 

March 7 or no?

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: We will admit that as well, Your 

Honor.

THE COURT: Okay. Number 2 is admitted. Not possess 

contraband is No. 3. Possess no firearm is No. 4. It sounds 

like you’re saying, Mr. Collis, we’re not pursuing those. 

The State is not pursuing those?

. . . .

PROBATION OFFICER: It was a violation of his 

probation, but he was never charged with that.

THE COURT: All right. Well, I will just note it denied. 

And -- and State is not pursuing it in a hearing format 

today. And I’ll -- with no evidence, I’ll just find he’s not in 

violation of 3 and 4 on that. And then No. 5, admitting the 

homemade water [bong] and marijuana, I gather, because 

of the possession charged, that you are admitting?

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Number 5, Your Honor?

THE COURT: On that file, yes, sir.

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Yes, Your Honor. We will admit 

that.

THE COURT: 1 and 5 on that are admitted. 3 and 4, I’m 

finding, are dismissed.

Immediately after this colloquy, the trial court announced as follows:

And so in response, let’s see, I’ll order that the 

earlier -- that [Defendant’s] probation be revoked. And I 

will just address 17CRS54550 first. 

. . . .

So with respect to the file ending in 550, the 

probation is revoked. The earlier suspended sentence of 

minimum of 8, maximum of 19, is ordered activated.

. . . .

With respect to the other file, 17CRS54551, again, I 

will note the absconsion and revoke probation. The earlier 

suspended sentence of a minimum of 8, maximum 19 is --
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 14 -

was to run at the expiration of the one I just mentioned, 

and so that would be activated as a consecutive sentence.

Here, the trial court stated that it saw two allegations in 17 CRS 054551, one 

of which was absconsion. It then asked defense counsel if Defendant was admitting 

to absconsion, and defense counsel answered in the affirmative. The trial court noted 

that “the State is pursuing No. 1 in that, and that’s admitted.” However, there is no 

allegation of absconding in 17 CRS 054551. The first paragraph of the March report 

in 17 CRS 054551 alleges that Defendant violated the condition of his probation that 

he “[r]eport as directed by the Court, Commission or the supervising officer to the 

officer at reasonable times and places . . .” in that he failed to report to an office visit 

on 3/7/2018. 

The first paragraph of the July report in 17 CRS 054550 does allege that 

Defendant violated the condition of probation “[n]ot to abscond” in that he “left 

Southernaire motel room number 12 on or about 6/20/2018 and has failed to make 

whereabouts known thus absconding.” (original in all capital letters). After inquiring 

about the absconding allegation, the trial court then inquired sequentially about the 

remaining allegations in the July report in 17 CRS 054550. Thus, it is apparent that 

the trial court’s line of questioning pertained to 17 CRS 054550 in the July report. 

After its questioning, the trial court orally found the allegations in paragraphs 

1, 2, and 5 admitted and dismissed allegations in paragraphs 3 and 4 in 17 CRS 

054550 in the July report. The trial court then stated, “With respect to the other file, 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 15 -

17CRS54551, again, I will note the absconsion and revoke probation.” In the written 

judgment revoking Defendant’s probation in 17 CRS 054550, the trial court found 

Defendant had willfully violated the terms of his probation as set forth in paragraphs 

1, 2, and 5 of the violation report in 17 CRS 054550 “dated 07/13/2018.” In the written 

judgment revoking Defendant’s probation in 17 CRS 054551, the trial court found 

Defendant had willfully violated the terms of his probation as set forth in paragraph 

1 of the violation report in 17 CRS 054550 “dated 07/13/2018.”

The allegations contained in the July report in 17 CRS 054550 were 

insufficient to put Defendant on notice of a violation in 17 CRS 054551. Two different 

judgments suspending the sentences were entered with two different file numbers–

17 CRS 054550 and 17 CRS 054551–for two different offenses; separate violation 

reports were filed in each case, with four months in between the report filed in 17 

CRS 054551 and the report filed in 17 CRS 054550; and the violation reports did not 

contain the same allegations. As absconding was not alleged in the March report in 

17 CRS 054551, Defendant was not on notice that he could be found to have violated 

his probation for absconding or that his probation could be revoked for absconding in 

17 CRS 054551.

Furthermore, even if the written judgment in 17 CRS 054551 is treated as 

containing a clerical error in referring to the violation report “dated 07/13/2018” and 

we instead look to the violation report filed in that case on 12 March 2018, the 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 16 -

allegation in paragraph 1–“’Report as directed by the Court, Commission or the 

supervising officer to the officer at reasonable times and places . . .’ in that 

OFFENDER FAILED TO REPORT FOR OFFICE VISIT ON 3/7/2018”–does not, 

without more, allege absconding in violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1343(b)(3a). See 

State v. Johnson, 246 N.C. App. 139, 142, 783 S.E.2d 21, 24 (2016) (“[A] defendant 

informing his probation officer he would not attend an office visit the following day 

and then subsequently failing to report for the visit, does not, without more, violate 

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1343(b)(3a) when these exact actions violate the explicit 

language of a wholly separate regular condition of probation which does not allow for 

revocation and activation of a suspended sentence.”). Instead, paragraph 1 alleges a 

violation of the condition of probation that Defendant “[r]eport as directed by the 

Court, Commission or the supervising officer to the officer at reasonable times and 

places[,]” as specifically alleged by the State in the March report. A violation of this 

condition is a non-revocable violation.

The State argues that Defendant was on notice that his probation could be 

revoked in 17 CRS 054551 because “the March 2018 report alleged that Defendant 

possessed a stolen firearm and possessed marijuana and drug paraphernalia, all of 

which constitute criminal offenses in North Carolina, which makes those actions 

grounds for probation revocation under [N.C. Gen. Stat.] § 15A-1343(b)(1) (commit no 

criminal offense in any jurisdiction).” This argument is meritless.
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 17 -

First, the March report alleged that Defendant’s behavior violated the regular 

terms of probation that he “possess no firearm” under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 

15A-1343(b)(5) and “[n]ot use, possess or control any illegal drug or controlled 

substance” under § 15A-1343(b)(15). The violation of either of these conditions of 

probation is not a revocable violation. Williams, 243 N.C. App. at 200, 776 S.E.2d at 

743. Furthermore, while the notice required by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1345(e)

“requires only a statement of the actions that violated the conditions, not of the 

conditions that those actions violated[,]” State v. Moore, 370 N.C. 338, 341, 807 S.E.2d 

550, 553 (2017), due process under the Federal Constitution and our state statute 

“requires a specific description of the condition of probation violated . . . and not

simply a description of the behavior that constituted the violation.” Id. at 356, 807 

S.E.2d at 561 (Beasley, J. dissenting); see id. at 345, 807 S.E.2d at 555 (explaining 

that the majority opinion addresses only the statutory notice required by N.C. Gen. 

Stat. § 15A-1345(e) and does not address a due process or the Fourteenth Amendment 

argument). As the March report did not allege that Defendant violated the condition 

of his probation that he commit no crime, the March report did not put Defendant on 

notice that his probation could be revoked under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1343(b)(1). 

Finally, neither the behavior alleged, nor the conditions alleged to have been violated, 

put Defendant on notice that he could be found to have violated his probation for 

absconding or that his probation could be revoked for absconding. See Hubbard, 198 
STATE V. GANTT

COLLINS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

- 18 -

N.C. App. at 158, 678 S.E.2d at 393 (“The purpose of the notice mandated by [N.C. 

Gen. Stat. § 15A-1345(e)] is to allow the defendant to prepare a defense and to protect 

the defendant from a second probation violation hearing for the same act.”) (citation 

omitted). 

III. Conclusion

As the trial court erred by revoking Defendant’s probation in 17 CRS 054551 

for a violation of which he had no notice or, in the alternative, for a violation that was 

not revocable, I would reverse the judgment entered upon the revocation of 

Defendant’s probation in 17 CRS 054551.