United States Department of Agriculture 

Dangerous River Boat Launch 

Environmental Assessment

Forest Service 

Alaska Region 

Tongass National Forest 

Yakutat RangerDistrict R10-MB-803 April 2016 
Cover Photo: Existing boat ramp as seen from across the Dangerous River. 

For more information contact: 

Teresa Swanson 

PO Box 327 

712 Ocean Cape Road 

Yakutat, AK 99689-0327 

907-784-3359 

taswanson@fs.fed.us 
United States 

Department of 

Agriculture 

Forest 

Service 

Alaska Region 

Tongass National Forest 

Yakutat Ranger District 

P.O. Box327 

Yakutat, AK 99689-0327 

Phone: (907) 784-3359 

Fax: (907) 784-3457 

File Code: 23 60 

Date: April 15, 2016 

Dear Interested Individuals, Agencies, and Organizations: 

The Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Yakutat Ranger District, has prepared an Enviromnental 

Assessment (EA) for the Dangerous River Boat Launch project. The proposed action would enhance 

the Dangerous River boat launch recreation site by constructing a safe and effective boat launch, 

improving vehicular flow and providing some basic ADA-compliant recreation amenities 

(informational kiosk, picnic area and toilet). Dangerous River boat launch is located 26 miles southeast 

of Yakutat, Alaska off of Forest Highway 10 (Dangerous River Road) near the outlet of Harlequin 

Lake. The project area is approximately 4 acres in size and includes the existing primitive boat launch, 

parking area and the area immediately surrounding it. 

To review the Environmental Assessment visit the project page on.line: 

http://www.fa.usda.gov/project/?project=45816 or contact Teresa Swanson [(907) 784-3359 or 

taswanson@fs.fed.us] to request a copy in hard copy or CD format. 

- To give you the opportunity to learn more about the project and comment on the alternatives being 

considered, we will have a 30-day comment period after this EA is released. Pursuant to 36 CFR 

218.24(a)(l), a legal notice initiating this 30-day comment period for the Dangerous River Boat Launch 

project is expected to be published in the Juneau Empire, the newspaper of record for the Yakutat 

Ranger District on April 18, 2016. As the Responsible Official, I am seeking your input on the project 

proposal as presented in the EA. It would be most helpful if your comments are site-specific, detailed, 

and specific to the Proposed Action and No Action alternatives. Please provide the reason(s) why you 

are concerned or have suggestions. Individuals who submit specific, written comments during any 

designated opportunity for public comment on this project will have standing to participate in the predecisional review and objection process. You may provide specific written comments to: 

Teresa Swanson, Project Leader 

USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, Yakutat Ranger District 

PO Box 327 

712 Ocean Cape Road 

Yakutat, AK 99689-0327 

comments-alaska-tongass-vakutat@fs.fed.us 

(please put "Dangerous River" in the subject line) 

Comments can also be faxed (907-784-3457) or mailed to Teresa Swanson at the PO Box address 

above or hand-delivered to the street address. 

We look forward to your participation. Your input and ideas will help ensure a successful project. 

Sincerely, 

LEE A. BENSON 

District Ranger 

Caring for the Land and Serving People 

ff'_ 

Printed on Recycled Paper .. , 
Page intentionally left blank.
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 1 of 18 

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

DANGEROUS RIVER BOAT LAUNCH

U.S. FOREST SERVICE

TONGASS NATIONAL FOREST

YAKUTAT RANGER DISTRICT

INTRODUCTION

The Yakutat Ranger District proposes to enhance the Dangerous River boat launch recreation site by 

constructing a safe and effective boat launch, improving vehicular flow and providing some basic ADAcompliant recreation amenities (informational kiosk, picnic area and toilet). Funding through Federal 

Lands Access Program (FLAP) administered by the Federal Highway Administration would allow the 

USDA Forest Service to enhance this site with minimal cost to the agency. Improvements are proposed to 

take place in 2017. 

LOCATION

Dangerous River boat launch is located 26 miles southeast of Yakutat, Alaska off of Forest Highway 10 

(Dangerous River Road) near the outlet of Harlequin Lake (Figure 1). The project area is approximately 4 

acres in size and includes the existing primitive boat launch, parking area and the area immediately 

surrounding it (Figure 2). 

NEED FOR THE PROPOSAL

The design and location of the existing boat launch recreation area does not provide safe or convenient 

access to recreation, subsistence and/or commercial fishing on Dangerous River and Harlequin Lake. 

1. The existing boat launch is too steep and the substrate is soft gravel. Users frequently get stuck 

and risk damaging personal equipment; 

2. The recreation site’s parking is limited and lacks vehicular flow; 

3. It is difficult for users to enter the recreation area from the Dangerous River Road (Forest 

Highway 10) due to the steep grade; and 

4. The site lacks basic recreation amenities, including handicap accessibility. 

5. The existing ramp is eroding and contributes sediment to the Dangerous River. Continued use 

could compromise the integrity of the rock gabions under the bridge. 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 2 of 18 

Figure 1. Vicinity Map 

 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 3 of 18 

PROJECT OBJECTIVES (PURPOSE) 

The purpose of the Dangerous River Boat Launch project is to: 

1. Provide a safe and efficient public boat launch to access the Dangerous River and Harlequin Lake 

for recreation, subsistence use and commercial fishing. 

2. Improve vehicular access from Forest Highway 10 and general traffic flow at the recreation site. 

3. Provide on-site parking for trucks and trailers that minimizes congestion and the need for 

backing. 

4. Provide basic ADA-compliant recreation amenities such as an informational kiosk, a picnic area 

with a table, fire pit and toilet. 

5. Reduce sediment influx from the boat launch and ensure the integrity of the bridge abutment and 

rock gabions through project design. 

PERMITS AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

This project will require concurrence for instream work from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game 

Habitat Division (ADF&G), and a general boat launch permit and a 404 permit from the Army Corps of 

Engineers (ACOE). 

In accordance with Section 305(b)(2) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management 

Act, an essential fish habitat (EFH) assessment will be prepared by the Forest Service and forwarded to 

the NMFS to initiate formal consultation regarding actions that may adversely affect EFH for federally 

managed marine and anadromous fish species. 

ESA does not require consultation for “no effect” determinations. Therefore consultation with the U.S. 

Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service to review the effects of this project on 

threatened, endangered and candidate species is not 

required. 

In accordance with Section 401 of the Clean Water 

Act (CWA), the Forest Service will need to apply 

for a permit to conduct an activity that might result 

in a discharge into waters of the U.S. 

The Forest Service will need to obtain certification 

from the Alaska Department of Environmental 

Conservation (ADEC) that the discharge will 

comply with the CWA, the Alaska Water Quality 

Standards (WQS, 18 AAC 70), and other 

applicable State laws. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE ALTERNATIVES

Two alternatives were considered for this analysis: 

No Action and the Proposed Action, Alternatives 1 

and 2. 

Figure 2. Existing boat launch as seen from the 

Dangerous River Bridge 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 4 of 18 

Alternative 1 (No Action) 

The No Action alternative would not result in any modifications to the existing conditions of the userestablished Dangerous River boat launch. The area would remain a primitive boat launch with a steep, 

gravelly ramp that is inaccessible to many users. Parking at the site would remain inadequate and there 

would be no recreation amenities. The site would remain within the State Department of Transportation 

right-of-way (ROW). 

Much of the Dangerous River is undeveloped with no additional projects planned for the watershed. 

Developments in the area include the Middle Dangerous trail (almost 4 miles long and open to ATVs), a 

Forest Service public use shelter, a Forest Service public use cabin and an airstrip. All are located on the 

east side of the Dangerous River across the Dangerous River Bridge. 

Alternative 2 (Proposed Action) 

The Yakutat Ranger District proposes to enhance the Dangerous River boat launch recreation site by 

constructing a safe and effective boat launch, improving vehicular flow and providing some basic ADAcompliant recreation amenities (informational kiosk, picnic area and toilet) (see Figure 3 for a draft 

conceptual design). 

Proposed Actions 

 Construct a boat launch with a more gradual gradient than the existing one. 

 Construct a boat ramp with a hardened surface. 

 Expand the parking area to include pull through, parking spaces and a one-way traffic loop. 

 Construct a kiosk and basic ADA recreation amenities (picnic area with a table, fire pit and 

restroom facilities). 

 Reduce the grade into the recreation area from Highway 10 to improve access. 

Time and Duration of Activity 

Project activities are projected to occur in 2017 with an instream construction window between June 1st 

and June 15th to avoid adverse effects on commercial and subsistence fisherman, as well as impacts to 

salmon eggs and fry. Work would be suspended during commercial fisheries activity on the river, 

typically 5 to 6 weeks beginning in mid-June (Woods 2014, personal communication). 

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, DESIGN ELEMENTS AND MONITORING

Best Management Practices 

Project design and implementation would adhere to the following best management practices (BMPs) to 

avoid or reduce impacts of the action alternatives. The National Core BMPs provide direction on “what to 

do” and the local direction will provide direction on “how to do it” (USDA Forest Service 2012). 

National BMPs 

Plan-3 Aquatic Management Zone Planning – Maintain and improve or restore the condition of land 

around and adjacent to the Dangerous River in the context of the environment in which it is located, 

recognizing its unique values and importance to water quality while implementing the boat launch 

project. 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 5 of 18 

Rec-8 Watercraft Launches – Avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects to soil, water quality, and 

riparian resources from the Dangerous River recreation area, a location used to launch and retrieve 

watercraft. 

AqEco-2 Operations in Aquatic Ecosystems – Avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse impacts to water 

quality when working in aquatic ecosystems. Follow the BMP’s outlined practices for working in or near 

waterbodies. 

Road-10 Equipment Refueling and Servicing – Avoid or minimize adverse effects to soil, water quality, 

and riparian resources from fuels, lubricants, cleaners, and other harmful materials discharging into 

nearby surface waters or infiltrating through soils to contaminate groundwater resources during 

equipment refueling and servicing activities. 

Fac-10 Facility Site Reclamation – Reclaim facilities and surrounding disturbed areas to as near to the 

pre-disturbed condition as is reasonably practicable following closure or completion of operations, or as 

necessary for mitigation purposes, to avoid, minimize, or mitigate long-term adverse effects to soil, water 

quality, and riparian resources. 

Regional BMPs 

12.6 Riparian Area Designation and Protection – Special attention shall be given to land and vegetation 

approximately 100 feet from the edges of all perennial streams, lakes, and other bodies of water. No 

management practices causing detrimental changes in water temperature or chemical composition, 

blockages of water course, or deposits of sediment shall be permitted within these areas which seriously 

and adversely affect water conditions or fish habitat. 

12.8/12.9 Hazardous Waste Prevention and Pollution Contingency Plan – Any fuels required to operate 

equipment needed for the project (chainsaws, generators, backhoes, fuel drums, etc.) should be stored and 

delivered as far away from ponds, creeks, and wetlands as feasible. Contractors should follow the 

guidelines in the Soil and Water Conservation Handbook (2006) regarding storage and servicing/refueling 

of oil and hazardous substances. 

12.17 Revegetation of Disturbed Areas – Provide ground cover to minimize soil erosion. This practice is 

used to stabilize the surface of disturbed or barren areas by establishing vegetation. Site-specific erosion 

control plans will be developed by the contractor and the contracting officer. 

13.16 Stream Channel Protection – Project design and construction activities will not interfere with 

natural flow regime or channel integrity. Riparian buffers will be maintained to filter sediment and other 

pollutants. 

14.2 Location of Transportation Facilities – Ensure soil and water resources protection measures are 

considered when locating roads and trails. Avoidance of sensitive or fragile areas is a primary 

consideration incorporated into the location of transportation facilities. Avoid riparian areas, wetlands, 

and floodplains to the extent practicable. 

14.3 Design of Transportation Facilities – Incorporate site-specific soil and water resource protection 

measures into the design of roads and trails. The access road, parking area, boat ramp and trail to the 

picnic area should be designed to meet safety requirements and minimize soil movement and 

sedimentation and designed to drain with the appropriate use of drainage structures. 

14.5 Road and Trail Erosion Control Plan – Develop Erosion Control Plans for the access road, parking 

area, boat ramp and trail to the picnic area to minimize or mitigate erosion, sedimentation and resulting 

water quality degradation prior to the initiation of construction and maintenance activities. Ensure 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 6 of 18 

compliance through effective contract administration and timely implementation of erosion control 

measures. 

14.6 Timing Restrictions for Construction Activities – Minimize erosion potential by restricting the 

operating schedule and conducting operations during lower risk periods. 

In-channel construction activities are subject to timing windows and will be determined per the Title 16 

Memorandum of Understanding with the Alaska Department of Fish and Game – Habitat Division. 

14.9 Drainage Control to Minimize Erosion and Sedimentation – Minimize the erosive effects of 

concentrated water flows from transportation facilities and the resulting degradation of water quality 

through proper design, and construction of drainage control systems. Stabilizing the road prism and 

adjacent disturbed areas to minimize degradation of water quality from sediment generated by the erosive 

effects of surface runoff. 

If activities are interrupted by seasonal or extended shutdowns (greater than 1 month) erosion control 

measures should be completed prior to suspension or shutdown (BMP 14.11). 

14.12 Control of Excavation and Sidecast Material – Erodible material will not be deposited in surface 

waters. Material will be end-hauled from the site to selected disposal area. 

14.14 Control of In-Channel Operations – Sediment laden water resulting from excavation during the 

installation of the new boat launch ramp should be pumped or otherwise directed to approved settling 

areas and not discharged directly into the Dangerous River. 

14.15 Diversion of Flows Around Construction Sites – During the construction of the boat ramp, identify 

and implement diversion and de-watering requirements to protect water quality and downstream uses. 

14.18 Development and Rehabilitation of Gravel Sources and Quarries – Minimize sediment from 

borrow pits, gravel sources, and quarries, and limit channel disturbance from gravel sources permitted for 

development within floodplains. 

14.19 Disposal of Construction Slash and Stumps – Ensure that the slash and stumps generated during the 

construction of the recreation site are disposed of properly through scattering, use as a base mat for rock 

fill, chipping, piling and burning, removal to designated disposal sites, or buck large limbs and logs into 

manageable lengths for firewood. 

16.1 Recreation Facilities Planning and Location – Protect soil and water resources through appropriate 

planning, design and location of the Dangerous River Boat Launch recreation amenities. 

16.4 Trail Construction and Maintenance – Minimize soil erosion and water quality problems originating 

from trails and their drainage structures. 

Design Elements 

In addition to BMPs, the following site-specific design elements would be used in project design and 

implementation to avoid or reduce impacts of the Proposed Action. 

1. New and redesigned federal facilities must meet accessibility standards as outlined for outdoor 

recreation areas in the USDA publication, Accessibility Guidebook for Outdoor Recreation and 

Trails (Zeller et al. 2012) and the Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Accessibility Guidelines 

(USDA Forest Service 2013). This project would be designed to meet these standards. Each site 

feature in the action alternative would be selected or designed to provide accessibility to the 

greatest extent practicable within its given setting. 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 7 of 18 

2. The floodplain has been identified and project has been located and designed to avoid adverse 

effects to hydrologic impacts and flow dynamics of the Dangerous River; thereby reducing 

potential for erosion or sedimentation instream or on the floodplain. 

3. An erosion control plan (dewatering plan, sediment fences, contaminant booms, and other water 

quality measures) will be included in the construction contract to ensure protective measures and 

a quick response to any construction related water quality issues. The erosion control plan will be 

approved by Forest Service fisheries, hydrology, and engineering staff before project 

implementation. 

4. Project design would strive to borrow from colors and textures found in the natural landscape 

(USDA Forest Service 2008, p. 4-58), meaning that subdued shades of greens, browns, and grays, 

and flat, non-reflective textures would be used. 

5. Project design would strive to use topographic and vegetative screening when locating project 

elements, and preserve alders between Forest Highway 10 and the recreation site. 

6. Vegetation removed from the project area would be hauled away, buried, burned, or scattered, 

and not visible from the road or the river. 

7. In accordance with Forest Plan standards and guidelines, if a new eagle nest is discovered, the 

Forest Service would follow the US Fish and Wildlife Service National Bald Eagle Management 

Plan, and avoid habitat alterations and disturbance (including repeated human activity) within 

330-660 feet of all bald eagle nests. 

8. Instream work in Dangerous River should be avoided from mid-June through July. Work within 

these dates could negatively impact commercial and subsistence access to resources. 

9. Revegetate bare soil resulting from project activity if prompt natural regeneration is not expected. 

Use native material when available. See current seeding guidelines (FSM 2080 TNF Supplement, 

Exhibit 2) for detailed procedures and appropriate mixes. 

10. Survey gravel pits, road and trail material sources for invasive plant species prior to using it as a 

gravel source. If invasives are present, treat prior to using to avoid spreading. 

11. Prevent invasive plant establishment during construction by washing tools and equipment prior to 

entering the project site or when re-entering an un-infested area from an area infested by invasive 

plants. 

12. Use vegetable-based hydraulic oils in equipment operating in or near the water to avoid 

contamination of surface or subsurface water resources. 

13. Areas for refueling and staging construction materials and equipment will be identified on-site 

and approved by the Forest Service hydrologist or fisheries biologist to prevent contamination of 

water from accidental spills. 

14. If a previously unidentified archaeological or historic site(s) is encountered, the contractor shall 

discontinue work in the general area and notify a Forest Service archaeologist to determine 

further action. 

15. If any previously undiscovered endangered, threatened, proposed or sensitive species or key 

habitats for any management indicator species are encountered at any point in time prior to or 

during the implementation of this project, a Forest Service biologist will be consulted and 

appropriate measures will be enacted. 

16. The District will create a sign plan, for directional and informative signs to assure the signs and 

their locations meet Department of Transportation and Forest Service specifications. 

Monitoring 

1. A Forest Service fisheries biologist, fisheries technician or hydrologist should be on-site during 

construction activities to monitor the project. 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 8 of 18 

2. The project manager will ensure that the revegetation and invasive plant design elements are 

implemented. A Forest Service botany specialist or designated representative will monitor 

implementation and effectiveness of these measures within 3 years of project completion. 

3. Inspect areas where gravel or other materials (including seed) have been imported for 2-3 years 

after implementation to ensure no invasive plants are present. See item number 10 in FSM 2080 

TNF Supplement, Exhibit 1. 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE NO ACTION AND ACTION ALTERNATIVE

The direct, indirect and cumulative environmental impacts of Alternatives 1 and 2 (No Action and 

Proposed Action) are described below with resources listed in alphabetical order. The discussion focuses 

on resources most likely to be affected by the alternatives. The effects on resources other than those 

discussed here were analyzed and are available in resource reports in the project record. 

Aquatics 

The Dangerous River is a large, glacial fed river which supports anadromous fish species. According to 

the Region 10 channel classification, it is a Class I (anadromous) glacial channel. The river flows right 

and under a bridge immediately upstream of the proposed boat ramp location. The location of the boat 

ramp is on the inside (river right) of the bend and lies in a slack water eddy where channel velocities are 

relatively small. 

The Alaska Department of Fish and Game anadromous waters catalog has identified the Dangerous River 

as 182-60-10100. The river supports coho, sockeye, pink and Chinook salmon, as well as anadromous 

Dolly Varden char and cutthroat trout. Resident forms of Dolly Varden char, cutthroat and rainbow trout 

occur in adjacent watersheds but have not been documented in the Dangerous River. While the Dangerous 

River system is productive and contains a diverse assemblage of fish species, there is no spawning or high 

quality rearing habitat at or immediately below the project site. 

Set net fishermen target salmon in the Dangerous River. Less than five commercial permits have fished 

the Dangerous River in the last five seasons. Some fishermen and outfitter guides use the Dangerous 

River to access the Italio River and Akwe Rivers. A small amount of sport fishing occurs in the lower 

Dangerous River for cutthroat trout and coho salmon. An unknown, but likely small amount of sport 

fishing for sockeye salmon takes place in Harlequin Lake. An unknown, but likely small amount of 

subsistence fishing also takes place in the Dangerous River and Harlequin Lake. While the amount of 

fishing of any type that occurs in the Dangerous River is much less than that in surrounding systems, the 

existing boat launch at the project site is the only access users have to these fisheries from the road 

system. 

Alternative 1 - No Action 

If no action is taken on the Dangerous River Boat Launch project, user access from the road system to the 

Dangerous River fishery would remain limited. Launching would become increasingly difficult over time 

due to further erosion of the steep boat ramp. Launching of boats would continue to generate small 

amounts of sediment and turbidity and which would increase if and when boat trailers get stuck. 

 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 9 of 18 

Alternative 2 – Proposed Action 

Direct and Indirect Effects 

The proposed action, which would result in construction activity and possibly increased users at the boat 

ramp, would have minor to negligible effects on water quality and fisheries resources. 

Construction of the boat ramp would result in small (within the natural range of variability of the 

Dangerous River), short-term (during construction), increases in sediment and turbidity for the duration of 

the project. Any increases in sediment or turbidity are expected to decrease following the first storm, postconstruction. Erosion control and dewatering in the vicinity of construction would minimize any affects to 

water quality. 

Depending upon the distance the ramp extends into the river, there may be slight changes to velocities 

which could result in altered erosion and sedimentation. The location for the ramp was selected to 

minimize the potential for changed velocities and is expected to have little to no effects on water quality. 

The increased use at this facility is not expected to alter water quality because the hardened surface and 

improved ramp grade would result in less erosion and reduced chances of boat trailers getting stuck on the 

ramp. 

Construction of the boat ramp is not expected to affect fish or fish habitat. An instream construction 

window between June 1st and 15th would avoid adverse effects on commercial and subsistence fisherman, 

as well as impacts to salmon eggs and fry. Adverse effects to water quality would be avoided by 

following Forest Plan standards and guidelines, best management practices (BMPs), and project design 

elements incorporated into the project design. 

Cumulative Effects 

Past, present and foreseeable future actions were analyzed in conjunction with direct and indirect effects 

of project activities to determine cumulative effects on fish and fish habitat in project area streams and 

downstream in the analysis area. Much of the Dangerous River is undeveloped and likely to remain so. A 

single foot trail departs from the east side of the Dangerous River to a recreational cabin located 3 miles 

downstream. An ATV trail is located on the east side of the Dangerous River estuary. No additional 

projects are planned for the watershed. The activities associated with this project would not add to effects 

from the existing facilities or other projects downstream from the project area. 

Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) 

Section 305(b)(2) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act states that all 

federal agencies must consult the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for actions and proposed 

actions that may adversely affect essential fish habitat (EFH) for federally managed marine and 

anadromous fish species. The Act promotes the protection of essential fish habitat through review, 

assessment, and mitigation of activities that may adversely affect these habitats. 

The Forest Service has determined that the proposed action could generate short-term increases in 

sediment levels during the construction phase and “may adversely affect” EFH. This determination 

triggers the preparation of an EFH Assessment by the Forest Service as a component of this NEPA 

process. The EFH Assessment will be forwarded to the NMFS to initiate formal consultation. The 

Dangerous River Boat Launch Decision Notice/FONSI will contain a summary of the EFH consultation 

conclusions. 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 10 of 18 

Botany/Invasives 

Forest Service GIS records indicate 16 sensitive plant surveys have been conducted within 9 miles of the 

project area. None of the 5 suspected sensitive plant species from the Alaska Region’s list of 18 were 

found. A plant survey conducted within the project area by a Forest Service botanist in 2013 found no 

sensitive plants, however, one rare plant, broadlip twayblade (Listera convallarioides) was documented in 

an open forest area with moss groundcover. 

Broadlip twayblade, a perennial orchid that spreads from slender rhizomes, can occur in low- to midelevation shady, moist open old-growth forests, bogs and streambanks (Douglas et al. 2001). The species 

is ranked secure globally; its North American range spreads across western US, boreal Canada and 

northern tier US states. In 2012 its Alaska rank was converted from S2 (imperiled in the State due to 

rarity) to S4 (apparently secure in the State with many occurrences) after more locations had been 

reported. Forest Service GIS records report 79 sites on the Tongass National Forest with 4 of these in 

Yakutat. Yakutat sites represent the northern edge the orchid’s range in Alaska, and perhaps North 

America. It is considered rare in this part of its range. 

Three invasive plant species have been documented within the project area. Large-leaved lupine (Lupinus 

polyphyllus) and sticky chickweed (Cerastium glomeratum) were found at the edge of the Dangerous 

River boat launch driveway and at its intersection with Forest Highway 10. Common plantain (Plantago 

major) was documented near the existing boat ramp. Across the District, seven additional invasive species 

have been reported: white clover (Trifolium repens), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceae), oxeye 

daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), common dandelion (Taraxacum 

officinale), fall dandelion (Leontodon autumnalis) and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens). 

The direct/indirect effects analysis area for rare and invasive plant species is the project area since it is the 

area that would be most immediately impacted by project implementation. The analysis area for 

cumulative effects is the Yakutat Ranger District to take into account the project’s possible impacts on the 

District’s rare and invasive plant populations. 

Alternative 1 – No Action 

Since no new ground disturbance associated with this alternative would occur in the project area, there 

would be no increased risk of affecting sensitive and rare plant populations. 

The risk of new invasive species introductions and increased habitat vulnerability is low due to no new 

ground disturbance. There would be no change or increase in current vectors (vehicles, boat trailers, foot 

traffic, wildlife movement and wind and water patterns) with no change in the level or type of use at the 

site. However, without treatment, invasive plants will likely continue to spread within the project area. 

Alternative 2 – Proposed Action 

Direct and Indirect Effects 

Potential threats to the Dangerous River broadlip twayblade population arise from disturbance to the 

plants and its habitat with the development and expansion of the recreation site. Possible direct effects to 

the population from project implementation include trampling, crushing, burying or uprooting. Possible 

indirect effects include loss of fungal symbionts; changes in light intensity, vegetation composition, 

hydraulic pattern, soil properties, and the introduction of invasive plants. 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 11 of 18 

While management activities related to this project will likely impact the project area’s population of 

broadlip twayblade, the project will not adversely affect the Yakutat Ranger District population, as a 

whole. 

None of the three invasive plant species reported within the project area are on the Tongass National 

Forest high priority invasive plant species list. However, large-leaved lupine has an invasiveness rank of 

71 and is widespread along Forest Highway 10 and other areas in Yakutat. 

The overall risk of high priority invasive plant introduction, establishment or spread as a result of project 

activities is low if all BMP and design elements are implemented; moderate if they are not. 

Cumulative Effects 

Cumulative effects are the sum of direct and indirect effects from the Dangerous River Boat Launch 

project and other projects that have occurred in the past, are presently occurring, or are expected to occur 

in the near future. The cumulative effects analysis area for rare and invasive species is the Yakutat Ranger 

District. A future foreseeable project near Akwe Lake is the only specific project considered in the 

cumulative effects analysis for rare plants. No specific projects were considered a concern for invasive 

species management; however, all previous developments across the district have contributed to the 

presence of invasive plant species. 

The population of broadlip twayblade at Akwe Lake, southeast of the project area, is threatened by the 

development of a hunting camp within its habitat. Together with the Dangerous River proposed project, 

these two populations comprise 40 percent of known individuals on the Yakutat Ranger District. This 

suggests that current levels of management across the Tongass, and locally, may adversely affect L. 

convallarioides. However, given much of the Yakutat Ranger District is undeveloped and very little of it 

has been surveyed for sensitive and rare plants, the probability that the activities associated with this 

project would contribute to the cumulative effects of broadleaf twayblade is very low. 

The Dangerous River project would not significantly add to the cumulative risk of high priority invasive 

plant introduction, establishment or spread across the District. Presence of invasive plant species is 

concentrated along the roads and other developed areas. If all BMP and design elements are followed 

during implementation, the risk of increased introduction, establishment and spread of invasives on the 

District as a result of the site disturbance created by this project will be low; moderate if they are not. 

Recreation 

Alternative 1 - No Action 

If the proposed Dangerous River Boat Launch enhancements are not implemented, the substandard, 

unsafe conditions at the existing boat launch will not improve, use of the area would continue to decline; 

access to the Dangerous River and Harlequin Lake would be further limited; erosion would continue at 

the recreation site’s junction with the Dangerous River Road; the risk of iceberg-damage to unattended 

boats in the river would remain high; and vehicular flow at the site would not improve, and it is expected 

that users would express dissatisfaction with the launch and recreation site in general. 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 12 of 18 

Alternative 2 – Proposed Action 

Direct and Indirect Effects 

The action alternative includes constructing a new boat ramp at the Dangerous River recreation site. In 

all, the proposed action is expected to improve (directly affect) recreation opportunities and experiences 

for the following reasons: 

 The boat launch would be easily accessed from Forest Highway 10. 

 Trailers could be backed safely and easily into the water for efficient launching and removal from 

the river. 

 The site would include a use-appropriate number of on-site parking for cars, trucks and trailers 

and a design that minimizes congestion and the need for backing. 

 The site would host a number of ADA accessible amenities, such as a restroom, picnic area with a 

table, and a fire pit. 

 The construction of a kiosk would provide an area where recreation site information could be 

posted. 

A direct or indirect effect of project implementation may include additional recreation use of the 

Dangerous River and Harlequin Lake; however, the increase in use is not anticipated to be greater than 10 

percent, and therefore not expected to negatively affect user experience. 

Cumulative Effects 

Cumulative effects are the sum of direct and indirect effects from the Dangerous River Boat Launch 

project and other projects that have occurred in the past, are presently occurring, or are expected to occur 

in the near future. The cumulative effects analysis area for recreation is the Dangerous River watershed 

since users most impacted by the proposed project would be recreating in this area. 

Developments in the vicinity of the Dangerous River boat launch include the Dangerous River Bridge, 

Middle Dangerous trail (almost 4 miles long and open to ATVs), a Forest Service public use shelter, a 

Forest Service public use cabin and an airstrip. All are located on the east (opposite) side of the 

Dangerous River from the boat launch. Users access these developments via the Dangerous River Bridge. 

The Dangerous River Boat Launch project may increase the number of people who visit the area which 

could increase use of the river and the nearby developed recreation sites. The amount of increase in use, 

however, is not expected to negatively impact the developments or other past or future foreseeable 

projects or use downstream from the project area. The proposed Dangerous River site enhancements 

would not be visible from any of the recreation sites across the river. 

Scenery 

The Dangerous River Boat Launch project site is within a semi-remote recreation land use designation 

(LUD). For this LUD, the adopted Scenic Integrity Objective (SIO) is Moderate, meaning the landscape 

character appears slightly altered. Changes in the landscape are noticed by the average forest visitor, but 

they do not attract attention. The landscape’s natural appearance still remains dominant. The Existing 

SIO, the existing scenic condition of the site, is also Moderate. This rating is based on the level of use the 

boat launch currently receives, and the alders in the area that shield development from the road and river. 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 13 of 18 

Alternative 1 – No Action 

If the proposed Dangerous River Boat Launch enhancements are not implemented, the scenic integrity 

level of the project area would not change. 

Alternative 2 – Proposed Action 

Direct and Indirect Effects 

Construction of the parking area and improvements to the boat launch would result in moderate landform 

modifications; however, once implementation is complete (this includes implementing the design 

elements), the modifications are anticipated to be more aesthetically appealing than the existing ones. 

Implementation would not change the scenic integrity level of the project area, as development currently 

exists. The scenic integrity of the project area would remain consistent with the SIO for the LUD 

(Moderate) and would therefore remain compliant with the Forest Plan. 

Site improvements would be visible from the Forest Highway 10 visual priority route, with alders along 

the road providing some screening. This would be the greatest visual impact of the project, as the road is 

adjacent to the project site, which would be seen most by walkers and bikers who are traveling at a slower 

pace along this route than visitors on four-wheelers or in cars. The proposed Dangerous River site 

enhancements would not be visible from any of the recreation sites across the river. 

Cumulative Effects 

Cumulative effects are the sum of direct and indirect effects from the Dangerous River Boat Launch 

project and other projects that have occurred in the past, are presently occurring, or are expected to occur 

in the near future. The cumulative effects analysis area for scenery is the Dangerous River watershed 

since users most impacted by the proposed project would be within this watershed. 

Developments in the vicinity of the Dangerous River boat launch include the Dangerous River Bridge, 

Middle Dangerous trail (almost 4 miles long and open to ATVs), a Forest Service public use shelter, a 

Forest Service public use cabin and an airstrip. All are located on the east (opposite) side of the 

Dangerous River from the boat launch. Users access these developments via the Dangerous River Bridge. 

The Dangerous River Boat Launch project may directly or indirectly increase the number of people who 

visit the area which could increase use of the river and the nearby developed recreation sites. The amount 

of increase in use, however, is not expected to modify the scenic integrity level of the LUD. 

Other Resources 

Resources other than those discussed above were analyzed and effects are not anticipated or are 

negligible. 

Heritage 

A cultural survey of the project site was conducted in 2013. There were no significant cultural or 

historical resources documented; therefore, per the R10 Programmatic Agreement, the project 

archeologist made a determination of “no historic properties affected” (USDA Forest Service 2010). If a 

previously unidentified archaeological or historic site(s) is encountered, work in the general area shall be 

halted immediately and a Forest Service archaeologist will be notified to determine further action (Design 

Element 14). 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 14 of 18 

Soils/Wetlands 

The project area is an upland site; therefore, no wetlands are present. BMPs and project design elements 

are anticipated to prevent any soil concerns as a result of project implementation. 

Timber 

No timber will be harvested with the implementation of this project, therefore there are no timber 

concerns. 

Wildlife 

The project site was determined to have negligible wildlife habitat; therefore, project implementation is 

not a concern. If any previously undiscovered endangered, threatened, proposed or sensitive species or 

key habitats for any management indicator species are encountered at any point in time prior to or during 

the implementation of this project, a Forest Service biologist will be consulted and appropriate measures 

will be enacted (Design Element 15). If an eagle nest is discovered, the Forest Service would follow the 

US Fish and Wildlife Service National Bald Eagle Management Plan, and avoid habitat alterations and 

disturbance (including repeated human activity) within 330-660 feet of all bald eagle nests (Design 

Element 7). 

AGENCIES AND PERSONS CONTACTED

A proposal to upgrade the existing boat ramp and parking area was presented at the Yakutat Sustainable 

Outdoor Recreation Action Plan meetings held between 2011 and 2013. The most recent meeting was on 

November 25, 2013. The Forest Service has coordinated project development with the Yakutat City and 

Borough and the Yakutat Tlingit Tribe (YTT). The YTT and National Park Service have written letters of 

support for the project as documented in the 2013 Alaska Federal Lands Access Program Project (FLAP) 

Proposal (AK-17). 

In February 2015, the Forest Service mailed a scoping letter describing the proposed action requesting 

comments on this project. The letter was mailed to over 80 individuals and groups via email and postal 

mail. Included in the postal mailing were following tribal entities: Sealaska Corporation, the Sealaska 

Heritage Institute, Yak-Tat-Kwaan and the Yakutat Tlingit Tribe. 

Four agencies provided comments on this project during the February 2015 scoping effort. These 

comments, in addition to those submitted during the Outdoor Recreation Action Plan meetings, are 

available on the project website at http://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=45816 and in the project 

record. 

Public scoping has shown an interest in use-appropriate improvements to the area. Stated top priorities 

include safety and ramp usability through the modification of the boat ramp access to provide a shallower, 

more typical, slope. An additional priority for the District is to have the improvements as low 

maintenance as possible. 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 15 of 18 

REFERENCES

Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, D. Meidinger, and J. Pojar. 2001. Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. 

Volume 7: Monocotyldeons (Orchidaceae through Zosteraceae). Crown Publishing. Victoria. 

USDA Forest Service. 2006. Soil and Water Conservation Handbook. US Forest Service Alaska Region 

10: R10-2509.22-2006-2. Chapter 10, Section 14.26. Juneau, Alaska. 117 pp. 

USDA Forest Service. 2008. Tongass National Forest Land Management Plan. Management Bulletin. 

R10-MB-603b. Juneau, AK: USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region, Tongass National Forest. 

https://fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5367422.pdf [accessed February 10, 

2016] 

USDA Forest Service. 2010. Third amended programmatic agreement among the USDA Forest Service, 

Alaska Region, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and the Alaska State Historic 

Preservation Officer Regarding Heritage Program Management on National Forest in the State of 

Alaska. 

USDA Forest Service. 2012. National Best Management Practices for Water Quality Management on 

National Forest System Lands. Volume 1: National Core BMP Technical Guide. FS-990a. 

USDA Forest Service. 2013. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Accessibility Guidelines (FSORAG). 

http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/accessibility/FSORAG_2013%20Update.1.pdf

[accessed February 10, 2016] 

Woods, Gordon. 2014. Correspondence from Gordon Woods, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 

Commercial Fisheries Area Management Biologist, to Nate Catterson , USDA Forest Service. 

September 29, 2014. 

Zeller, Janet; Doyle, Ruth; Snodgrass, Kathleen. 2012. Accessibility Guidebook for Outdoor Recreation 

and Trails. 1223 2806P. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Missoula 

Technology and Development Center. 

http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/accessibility/pubs/htmlpubs/htm12232806/lib_card.htm 

[accessed February 10, 2016] 
 

— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 16 of 18 

Page intentionally left blank. 
— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 17 of 18 

Figure 3. Conceptual plan for the Dangerous River Boat Launch project. The design has not been finalized. 
— Environmental Assessment — 

Page 18 of 18 

Page intentionally left blank.
In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights 

regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in 

or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, 

religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital 

status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or 

reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA 

(not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or 

incident. 

Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., 

Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or 

USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay 

Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other 

than English. 

To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, 

AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or 

write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To 

request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA 

by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 

Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: 

program.intake@usda.gov. 

USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender. 

Federal Recycling Program 

Printed on Recycled Paper
USDA Forest Service 

Yakutat Ranger District, Tongass National Forest PO Box 327 Yakutat, AK 99689