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›Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ŸÛÓ 

‹Ú ”ø¶±Æ ”·¥a­ ̈±2a­ o±Æ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±3°¥a ̈·±2ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ŸÛÌ 

¤Ú Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ŸÛÌ 

⁄Ú Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ŸÛÌ 

ŸÚ —21±·21 ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o fl ́o· ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ŸÛÏ 

ÿÚ fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ŸÛÏ 

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ŸÛÏ 

ÓÚ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃Ê a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ŸÛÏ 

ø ̃ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ŸÛÏ 

æ ̃ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ŸÛÎ 

fl––¤“‹×» ÿÊ ¤øÆ¥ß ŸÆø2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÿÛÔ
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ê —TMaÆTM·a© Ô ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© 

flÚ ×2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈·±2

¤3·­­·±2­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a o·a­a¥ a21·2a­ ·2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù ­ ̧·°­Ù  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù ø2o 1⁄2øÆ1±Û

 ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù Æa1·±2ø¥Ù ø2o 1¥±æø¥ ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a o·a­a¥ 

°±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 oÆ±3 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ 1Æaø ̈¥ß ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ±o 

1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß Æa­·oa2 ̈­ 2aøÆ °±Æ ̈­Ù Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ù o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ù ø2o Æ±øo­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·1 ̧ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈Æøoo·1⁄2Ú ‹·a­a¥ a3·­­·±2­ øÆa ø¥­± ø 3ø¶±Æ 1⁄2ø ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̧·1 ̧ Æa1·±2ø¥ ±¶±2a ø2o 

o·2a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a ¥aTMa¥­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øÆ3 3·¥¥·±2­ ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø2­  ̈±oøßÚ 

Ÿ±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æé­ ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­Ú 

Ã ̧a ‘±­ fl21a¥a­Ò×2¥ø2o ¤3°·Æa Æa1·±2  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a ¥øÆ1a­ ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2a2 ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o 1±±o­ 

3±TMa3a2 ̈ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­  ̄¥·μa °±Æ ̈­ ø2o Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ ̃Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·1 ̧ 2aøÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ­ ø2o 

 ̧·1 ̧ ¥aTMa¥­ ±o Æa1·±2ø¥ ±¶±2a ø2o o·2a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a  ̄–”ÓÚÎ ̃ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a ›a2 ̈Æø¥ 

 ø¥¥aßÙ  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ øÆa ¥a­­ 1⁄2±21⁄2a2 ̈Æø ̈aoÙ æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ Æa¥ø ̈·TMa¥ß 3±Æa  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o 

Æø·¥  ̈Æøoo·1⁄2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Æa1·±2é­  ̧øÆ3o ́¥ ±¶±2a ø2o –”ÓÚÎ ¥aTMa¥­Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a fiøß 

flÆaøÙ Æa1·±2ø¥ ±¶±2a ø2o –”ÓÚÎ ¥aTMa¥­ øÆa 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ ¥±©aÆÙ æ ́ ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ °±Æ ̈Ù ø2o Æø·¥ ßøÆo 

ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß øo¶ø1⁄2a2 ̈  ̈± 2a·1 ̧æ±Æ ̧±±o­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a­  ̈±  ̧·1 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥·¶ao  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ­Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a Õø2 

‹·a1±Òfi±ÆoaÆ Æa1·±2Ù  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °±Æ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± Æa1·±2ø¥ ±¶±2a ø2o 

–”ÓÚÎ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 øæ±TMa  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ú 

–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 Ôfi ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́Æa  ̈± ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a  ̧Ô æ·¥¥·±2 ·2 æ±2o o ́2o·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆo  ̄flŒfi ±Æ fi±øÆo ̃  ̈± Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ß Æao ́1⁄2a ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 a3·­­·±2­ ø2o 

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ oÆ±3 oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ø¥±21 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øé­ °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú Ã ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a 

⁄·­1⁄2ø¥ «aøÆ  ̄⁄« ̃ ÓððÈÛðË æ ́o1a ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥3a2 ̈ ±o  ̧ÓÎð 3·¥¥·±2Ù °¥ ́­ 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ¥a1·­¥ø ̈·±2 TM·ø Õa2ø ̈a fi·¥¥ ËË  ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔËÔÙ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o ÓððÈ ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈ao 

 ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 ̃Ú fl­­a3æ¥ß fi·¥¥ ÓðÔ 

 ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔËÈÙ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o ÓððÈ ̃ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ø 3·2±Æ 1⁄2¥øÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú Õfi ËË ÆaØ ́·Æa­ flŒfi  ̈± 

øo±° ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa­  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈·TMa­Ú 

Ã ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ flŒfi  ̈± 3ø®·3·¶a  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 æa2ao· ̈­ ø2o 

ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a aøÆ¥·a­ ̈ °±­­·æ¥a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­  ̧aøTM·¥ß ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ao æß 

1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ©·¥¥ ­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa­  ̈± 1⁄2 ́ ̈ o·a­a¥ a3·­­·±2­Ú fiß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 1⁄2ø2 ±2¥ß o ́2o a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ç2± ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Úå ’aß °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ·21⁄2¥ ́oa o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a 3ø ̈ ̈aÆ  ̄o·a­a¥ –” ̃Ù ø2 ø·Æ  ̈±®·1⁄2Ù ø2o 2· ̈Æ±1a2 ±®·oa­ 

 ̄“—® ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±o æ± ̈ ̧ –”ÓÚÎ ø2o ±¶±2aÚ Ã ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o ́2oao  ́2oaÆ 

 ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©·¥¥ ø¥­± °Æ±TM·oa 1⁄2±Ûæa2ao· ̈­ æß Æao ́1⁄2·21 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ ø2o æ¥ø1⁄2μ 1⁄2øÆæ±2 

a3·­­·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± 1⁄2¥·3ø ̈a 1⁄2 ̧ø21aÚ 

flŒfi ©·¥¥ ø©øÆo 1Æø2 ̈­  ̈± o ́2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ °Æ±°±­ao æß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ·2TM±¥TMao ·2 

oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±Æ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­Ú ¤®ø3°¥a­ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ø2o ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß 

3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­  ̄ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­ ̃Ù °±Æ ̈­Ù ø2o Æa1·±2ø¥  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ©·¥¥  ̈ ̧a2 æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ °Æ±TM·o·21 o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ 

·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa­  ̈± ±©2aÆ­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́­ao ·2 oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈  ̈±  ́°1Æøoa  ̈± 1⁄2¥aø2aÆ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ê —TMaÆTM·a© Ó ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1·a­Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ øo±° ̈ao æß flŒfiÚ fi±2o o ́2o­ ©·¥¥ 

o¥±© TM·ø 1Æø2 ̈­ oÆ±3 flŒfi  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù  ̈ ̧a2  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ TM·ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ æ·2o·21 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧±­a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ú fl ̈ æ± ̈ ̧ ­ ̈a°­Ù  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·±2 

æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ·2TMa­ ̈ao  ̈± 

a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ æa2ao·1⁄2·ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa o ́2oaoÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo oaTMa¥±°ao  ̈ ̧a­a –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 

–Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̄Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ̃ ·2 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ ­ ̈øμa ̧±¥oaÆ­Ù 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ê ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­Ù 3a ̈Æ±°±¥· ̈ø2 °¥ø22·21 ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­Ù °±Æ ̈ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈·a­Ù ­ ̧·°°·21 

¥·2a­Ù Æø·¥Æ±øo 1⁄2±3°ø2·a­Ù  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ·21 1⁄2±3°ø2·a­Ù  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ù oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈±Æ­Ù 

 ̈aÆ3·2ø¥ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ °±Æ ̈ 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß øoTM·­±Æß 1Æ± ́°­Ù 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 1Æ± ́°­Ù 

ø2o ø·Æ°±Æ ̈­Ú Ã ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ øÆa oa­·12ao  ̈± o ́2o Ø ́ø¥·oß·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a 

a3·­­·±2­ ø2o  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μÙ ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈a ­·3°¥·1⁄2· ̈ß ø2o aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ßÙ a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±­ ̈Û

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­Ù ¥aTMaÆø1a ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ù ø2o °Æ±TM·oa  ̈Æø2­°øÆa21⁄2ß ø2o 

ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

fiÚ fl ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß

Ã ̧a ¥a1ø¥ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ·­ o± ́2o ·2 –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 Ôfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ o·­1⁄2 ́­­ao æa¥±©Ú Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æ Õ1⁄2 ̧©øÆ¶a2a11aÆ °Æ±TM·oao øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 

flŒfi ·2  ̧·­ ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈ ±2 æ±2o ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ø2o  ̧·­ ­·12·21 ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ 

±2  ̈ ̧a æ ́o1a ̈ æ·¥¥ ÛÛ Õa2ø ̈a fi·¥¥ ÈÈ  ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÈÔÙ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o ÓððÈ ̃Ú 

ÔÚ –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 Ôfi 

×2 “±TMa3æaÆ ÓððÍÙ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø TM± ̈aÆ­ ø°°Æ±TMao  ̈ ̧a ÿ·1 ̧©øß Õøoa ̈ßÙ ÃÆøoo·1⁄2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù 

fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ßÙ ø2o –±Æ ̈ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß fi±2o fl1⁄2 ̈ ±o ÓððÍÙ ø¥­± μ2±©2 ø­ –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÚ 

–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÙ ø3±21 ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧·21­Ù ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̧Ô æ·¥¥·±2 o±¥¥øÆ­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a a3·­­·±2­ 

oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øé­  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú 

ç—2a æ·¥¥·±2 o±¥¥øÆ­  ̄ ̧ÔÙðððÙðððÙððð ̃ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 3øoa øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ  ́°±2 ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 

æß  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́Æa ø2o ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·ø 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2ao ·2 ø 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a a2ø1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́ÆaÙ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆo o±Æ a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù 2± ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ù oÆ±3 ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­ Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±o oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ ø¥±21 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ̆­  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú ⁄ ́2o­ 3øoa øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

æß  ̈ ̧·­ °øÆø1Æø° ̧ øÆa ·2 ̈a2oao  ̈± ­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈ a®·­ ̈·21 o ́2o­  ́­ao  ̈± o·2ø21⁄2a 

­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­ ø2o ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 æa2ao· ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a a3·­­·±2­ ø2o ·3°Æ±TMa ø·Æ 

Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 1⁄2±33a21⁄2·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈a ̆­ ø·Æ°±Æ ̈­Ù ­aø°±Æ ̈­Ù ø2o ¥ø2o 

°±Æ ̈­ ±o a2 ̈ÆßÚå  ̄Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ›±oaÙ Ã· ̈¥a ÓÙ ‹·TM·­·±2 ÔÙ Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÙ › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÓÚÏÁÙ 

flÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a ÓÙ Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ËËÈÁÚÓÌ ̄1⁄2 ̃ ̄Ó ̃ ̃ 

ÓÚ Õa2ø ̈a fi·¥¥ ËË ø2o fl­­a3æ¥ß fi·¥¥ ÓðÔ 

×2 fl ́1 ́­ ̈ ÓððÈÙ  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́Æa °ø­­ao ø2o Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æ Õ1⁄2 ̧©øÆ¶a2a11aÆ 

­·12ao Õfi ËË ø2o flfi ÓðÔÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ¥a1·­¥ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

·2 ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ø2o Õøoa ̈ß  ̄ÿ ̇Õ ̃ ›±oaÙ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÌÁÍÓÎ a ̈ ­aØÚ Õfi ËË æÆ±øo¥ß ÆaØ ́·Æa­ flŒfi  ̈± 
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› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ê —TMaÆTM·a© Ì ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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°aÆ·±o·1⁄2 Æa°±Æ ̈­Ú 

À2oaÆ Õfi ËËÙ flŒfi 3 ́­ ̈ øo±° ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

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i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ́­ao ́¥ ¥·oa ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

oa¥·TMaÆß 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

i ›Æ· ̈aÆ·ø o±Æ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ú 

i Ã ̧a 3a ̈ ̧±o æß © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ flŒfi ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ æø­·2é­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ·2 ø1⁄2 ̧·aTM·21 ­ ̈ø ̈a ø2o 

oaoaÆø¥ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·oa2 ̈·oß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ø2o Æa3ao·a­ o±Æ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ú 

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a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ø2o ± ́ ̈1⁄2±3a­Ú 

Õfi ËË ø2o flfi ÓðÔ oa ̈ø·¥ 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ÔÎ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ flŒfi ·­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ © ̧a2 

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aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ø°°¥·ao æß  ̈øÆ1a ̈·21 ¥aTMa¥­ ±o o ́2o·21  ̈±  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ø2o a3·­­·±2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ù © ̧·¥a ± ̈ ̧aÆ­ ¥a2o  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­  ̈± ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·21 ø3±21 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

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oao·2·21  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2Ú 

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ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÚ 

i ¤­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ©·¥¥  ́­a  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ ø2o 

­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú 

Ãøæ¥a­ ÔÚÔ ä ÔÚÌ oa ̈ø·¥  ̈ ̧a­a ­ ̈a°­ ø2o ¥·2μ aø1⁄2 ̧ Æa¥ø ̈ao °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ø2o Õøoa ̈ß ›±oa Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈± o ́2o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

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ÆaoaÆa21⁄2a­ øÆa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ø2o Õøoa ̈ß ›±oa ̃Ê 

i flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø2 ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈  ̈± ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́Æa ­ ́33øÆ·¶·21 · ̈­ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­ Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±1Æø3 ±2 ÷ø2 ́øÆß Ôð ÅyÌÁÍÓÈÚÎÃÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ­a3·ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ±2 °Æ±1Æa­­ 3øoa  ̈±©øÆo 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÅyÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄o ̃ ̄Ô ̃ÃÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø o·2ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ ±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧·2 Í 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æa1⁄2±3·21 ±°aÆøæ¥a ÅyÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄o ̃ ̄Ó ̃ÃÚ 





–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×Ê —TMaÆTM·a© Á ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÌÚ Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æ Õ1⁄2 ̧©øÆ¶a2a11aÆé­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·TMa­ 

×2 ÷ø2 ́øÆß ÓððÈÙ Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æ Õ1⁄2 ̧©øÆ¶a2a11aÆ ·­­ ́ao ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈ 

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 ̧Ïð æ·¥¥·±2 ·2 æ±2o o ́2o·21 ø°°Æ±TMao æß TM± ̈aÆ­ ·2 ÓððÍÚ Ã ̧a ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈­ ø¥¥ 

Õ ̈ø ̈a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ a2 ̈· ̈·a­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ a®°a2o·21 æ±2o °Æ±1⁄2aao­  ̈± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ ø2o 

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i ×2Û°Æ±1Æa­­ ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa ­ ̈øß·21 

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·2 ̈a2oao ± ́ ̈1⁄2±3a­ ø2o ©aÆa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥a1ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

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i ›ø¥¥­ ±2 flŒfi  ̈± 3±TMa Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ß ÛÛ ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ­ø1⁄2Æ·o·1⁄2·21 ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ÛÛ  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa Æa¥·ao 

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­øoa1 ́øÆo­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆÚ 

i › ̧øÆ1a­ flŒfi  ̈± oaTMa¥±° –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øμa ­a2­aÙ Æao ́1⁄2a æ ́Æaø ́1⁄2Æø ̈·1⁄2 

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a2­ ́Æa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ·2 Æa1⁄2±Æo  ̈·3aÚ 

i ›ø¥¥­ ±2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈± ©±Æμ 1⁄2¥±­a¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi  ̈± æa °Æa°øÆao  ̈± ­ ́æ3· ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ o ́2o·21 ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥aÚ 

›Ú ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­

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Ãøæ¥a ÔÚÏ ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­ 

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa 

fl1a21⁄2ß 

çflo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ø1a21⁄2ßå  ̄ ̧a21⁄2ao±Æ ̈ ̧ flŒfi ̃ ·­ oao·2ao æß Õfi ËË  ̈± æa  ̈ ̧a fl·Æ 

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o ́2o­Ú 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

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–Æ±1Æø3 æß flŒfi ±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ °øÆ ̈ß  ̈± ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

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3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±o oÆa·1 ̧ ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈a ±Æ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2 ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß 

·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈Úå Ã ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ 1⁄2¥øÆ·oß  ̧±© 

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–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×Ê —TMaÆTM·a© Ôð ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

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Õfi ËË ø2o flfi ÓðÔÚ 

flŒfi ±Æ fi±øÆo çflŒfiå ±Æ çfi±øÆoå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆoÚ Ã ̧a  ̈aÆ3 çfi±øÆoå 

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fl ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

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fiø­a¥·2a 

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aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

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›±­ ̈ 

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 ̄–”ÓÚÎ ̃Ú 

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fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

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3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥ ·2 · ̈­ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 
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› ̧ø° ×Ê —TMaÆTM·a© ÔÔ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

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o ́2o­ ø2o ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1aÙ ·o ÆaØ ́·Æao ̃Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

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¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ‘·oa 

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ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú

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–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —° ̈·±2 

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a3·­­·±2­ ±o o·a­a¥ –” ø2oÒ±Æ “—®Ú fl ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a 

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aø1⁄2 ̧ o·­ ̈·21⁄2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ø­ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ̃Ú 

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ç‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æaå 3aø2­ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ °øß3a2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 

 ̈± ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

⁄ ́2o·21 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

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ÓÔðÎÚ 

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–Æ±1Æø3 Û Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú

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fl1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

ŸÆø2 ̈ 

fl1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

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ŸÆø2 ̈ 

fl1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

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×2oa°a2oa2 ̈ 

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› ̧ø° ×Ê —TMaÆTM·a© ÔÓ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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fi±øÆoÒ 

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‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

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ç‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÛ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±°±­a­  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

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­ø3a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ 

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¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ú 

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øÆa ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 

¤2 ̈· ̈ß 

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o ́2o­  ̈± o ́¥¥ß o ́2o °Æ±°±­ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a­a 3øß 

·21⁄2¥ ́oa 3±2·a­ oÆ±3 °Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ø2o oaoaÆø¥ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ ø­ 

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”±oa¥ «aøÆ 

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±o –”Ù ø­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao æß  ̈ ̧a ÀÚÕÚ ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ –Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2 fl1a21⁄2ß  ̄ÀÚÕÚ ¤–fl ̃ ±Æ 

flŒfiÚ 

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“± ̈ — ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a 

ŒaØ ́·Æao æß 

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2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æao ° ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈  ̈± ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ±Æ oaoaÆø¥ ¥ø©Ù Æ ́¥aÙ ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Â ø2ß 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ·3°±­ao æß  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß fl1⁄2 ̈  ̄›¤œfl ̃Â ±Æ 

ø2ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ·3°±­ao æß ø ¥a1ø¥ ·2­ ̈Æ ́3a2 ̈ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ø ¥a1ø¥ ­a ̈ ̈¥a3a2 ̈ ±Æ 

1⁄2±2­a2 ̈ oa1⁄2Æaa  ̄1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­  ̨¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ̨ ̃Ú 

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o±a­ 2± ̈ ø°°¥ß  ̈± ø2ß  ̈øÆ·ooÙ ±Æo·2ø21⁄2aÙ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ ·3°±­ao æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

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“± ̈·1⁄2a ±o 

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flTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß 

ç“± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ⁄ ́2o·21 flTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ßå ·­ oao·2ao æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø­ flŒfié­ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 

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—æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 çflŒfi ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

ç‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 

æa ̈©aa2 ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

 ̄—æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 ·­ ø¥­± 1⁄2±33±2¥ß ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­ ça21⁄2 ́3æÆø21⁄2aå ̃ 
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› ̧ø° ×Ê —TMaÆTM·a© ÔÌ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

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Œa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈ 

fl1a21⁄2ß 

çŒa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈ ø1a21⁄2ßå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa­ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ́2oaÆ 

ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ çŒa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈ ±o Æa°¥ø1⁄2·21 ø  ̧·1 ̧aÆÛa3· ̈ ̈·21 o·a­a¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ °·a1⁄2a 

±o o·a­a¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ o·a­a¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ¥±©aÆÛa3· ̈ ̈·21 TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ °·a1⁄2a ±o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈  ̄·ÚaÚÙ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±o ø2 ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 2a© ±2a ̃Ú 

Œa°±©aÆ çŒa°±©aÆå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈ ±o Æa°¥ø1⁄2·21 ø  ̧·1 ̧aÆÛa3· ̈ ̈·21 o·a­a¥ a21·2a ©· ̈ ̧ ø 2a© 

±Æ Æa3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaoÙ ¥±©aÆÛa3· ̈ ̈·21 a21·2a ·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ °·a1⁄2a ±o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú 

Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ çŒa ̈Æ±o· ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈ ±o øoo·21 a3·­­·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ 3±o·oß·21 ø2 

a21·2a ±2 ø2 a®·­ ̈·21 o·a­a¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ °·a1⁄2a ±o o·a­a¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ o·a­a¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 

1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú Ã ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß æa ø2 flŒfi 

 aÆ·o·ao ‹·a­a¥ ¤3·­­·±2 ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1ßÚ 

Õ ̈ø ̈a 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

–¥ø2 

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ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­  ̄ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a­  ̧±© aø1⁄2 ̧ Æa1·±2 ©·¥¥ 

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oaoaÆø¥ ›¥aø2 fl·Æ fl1⁄2 ̈ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÔðÚ 

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

çÕ± ́Æ1⁄2a ›ø ̈a1±Æßå 3aø2­ ø o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ±o a3·­­·±2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2  ̈± 

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±° ̈·±2­Ú À2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ù ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21 °±Æ ̈­ ø2o 

·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù 

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·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ù ø2o 1⁄2±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú Ã± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ 

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3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø ço ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚå 

ÃÆøoa ›±ÆÆ·o±Æ çÃÆøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æå 3aø2­ ø2ß ±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a o± ́Æ o±¥¥±©·21 Æa1·±2­ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÊ 

fiøß flÆaøÙ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±oÊ 

 Õø2 ⁄Æø21⁄2·­1⁄2± fiøß flÆaø fl·Æ fiø­·2  ̄››Œ Ã· ̈¥a ÔÈ yÍðÔðÔ ̃ 

›a2 ̈Æø¥ ø¥¥aßÙ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±oÊ 

 Õø2 ÷±øØ ́·2 ø¥¥aß fl·Æ fiø­·2  ̄››Œ Ã· ̈¥a ÔÈ yÍðÔðÈ ̃ 

 Õø1⁄2Æø3a2 ̈± ”a ̈Æ±°±¥· ̈ø2 ⁄aoaÆø¥ —¶±2a “±2ø ̈ ̈ø·23a2 ̈ flÆaø 

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‘±­ fl21a¥a­Ò×2¥ø2o ¤3°·ÆaÙ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±oÊ 

 Õ± ́ ̈ ̧ ›±ø­ ̈ fl·Æ fiø­·2  ̄››Œ Ã· ̈¥a ÔÈ yÍðÔðÏ ̃ 

 –±Æ ̈ ÿ ́a2a3a ·2 a2 ̈ ́Æø ›± ́2 ̈ß 

Õø2 ‹·a1±Òfi±ÆoaÆ Œa1·±2Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±oÊ 

 Õø2 ‹·a1± ›± ́2 ̈ß  ̄Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ›±oa yÓÌÔÌÈ ̃ 

 ×3°aÆ·ø¥ ›± ́2 ̈ß  ̄Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ›±oa yÓÌÔÔÌ ̃

 aÆ·o·ao ‹·a­a¥ 

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Õ ̈Æø ̈a1ß 

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Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù 1⁄2±33a21⁄2·21 ©· ̈ ̧ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÓÈððÚ 

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­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú ̃ 
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› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÔÏ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

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Õfi ËË ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo  ̧±¥o ° ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̧aøÆ·21­Ù øo±° ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù ø2o 

øo±° ̈ ø o·2ø¥ ¥·­ ̈ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ Æa1⁄2a·TMa o ́2o·21 oÆ±3 aø1⁄2 ̧ 

ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoé­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø­ oao·2ao ·2 fi±øÆo 

Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± æa o ́2oaoÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øooé­ o ́ ̈·a­  ̈± øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

oaTMa¥±°·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Â ·­­ ́·21  ̈ ̧a “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o 

⁄ ́2o·21 flTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ßÂ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈·21Ù ÆaTM·a©·21 ø2o Æa1⁄2±33a2o·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ 

o ́2o·21Â a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·21 ø2o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Â ø ́o· ̈·21 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Â  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ±2 °Æ±1Æa­­ ·2 a®°a2o·21 o ́2o­ ø2o 

ø1⁄2 ̧·aTM·21 °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Â oaTMa¥±°·21 ø2o 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21 ø ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©aæ­· ̈a ±2  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3Â ø2o 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈·21 ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o±Æ3­ ±o ± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ­aaμ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ·2° ́ ̈ 

±2 –Æ±1Æø3 oa­·12 ø2o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

flÚ –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2afl­ ÆaØ ́·Æao æß Õfi ËËÙ flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ oaTMa¥±° ø2o øo±° ̈ ·2· ̈·ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ·2 ø 

° ́æ¥·1⁄2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú Ã ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i fl2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­Ù ø2o ø2ß ¥·3· ̈­ ±2 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ́­ao ́¥ ¥·oa ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

oa¥·TMaÆß 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

i ›Æ· ̈aÆ·ø o±Æ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ú 

i Ã ̧a 3a ̈ ̧±o æß © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ flŒfi ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ æø­·2é­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ·2 ø1⁄2 ̧·aTM·21 ­ ̈ø ̈a ø2o 

oaoaÆø¥ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·oa2 ̈·oß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ø2o Æa3ao·a­ o±Æ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ú 

i fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ø2o ø ́o· ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ ø ́o· ̈ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ø2o ± ́ ̈1⁄2±3a­Ú 

⁄±¥¥±©·21 aø1⁄2 ̧ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± flŒfiÙ ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ oaTMa¥±° ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

fi±øÆo ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ øo±° ̈·±2 ±o ø2ß ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a­a –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ 

°Æ·±Æ  ̈± ·­­ ́·21  ̈ ̧a “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ⁄ ́2o·21 flTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÚ Õ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æa­­ ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o ø2ß 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­ 2aaoao  ̈± ·3°Æ±TMa · ̈­ 

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­Ù °¥ ́­ øoTMø21⁄2a­ ·2  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ø2o  ́°oø ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø 

2aao  ̈± ÆaTM·­a  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa øoaØ ́ø ̈a 

±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß o±Æ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ·2° ́ ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 Æa¥aø­a ±o ø2ß °Æ±°±­ao  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2ao±Æ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ÆaTM·a© °Æ·±Æ  ̈± fi±øÆo 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ø ̈ ø 2± ̈·1⁄2ao ° ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̧aøÆ·21Ú 

Ã ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ øÆa oa­·12ao ø2o ·2 ̈a2oao  ̈± aooa1⁄2 ̈ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o Õfi ËË ø2o flfi 

ÓðÔÚ ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ ·2  ̈ ̧a aTMa2 ̈ ø °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ 1⁄2±2o¥·1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ a· ̈ ̧aÆ Õfi ËË ±Æ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÔÎ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

flfi ÓðÔÙ ±Æ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a a2ø1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÙ  ̈ ̧a Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú 

fiÚ –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄ ́2o·21 ÃøÆ1a ̈­ ø2o –Æ·±Æ· ̈·aflŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±°±­a ø2o  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo 3øß ø°°Æ±TMa o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 

1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ±Æ 1Æ± ́°­ ±o 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­  ̄ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­ ø o ́2o·21 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ̃  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ±TMaÆø¥¥ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o 1 ́·oa aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ·2 

 ̈ ̧a oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ±o TM·øæ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­Ú Õ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ 1⁄2ø2 a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·ø øÆa aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao ·2 ø ­ ̈Æø·1 ̧ ̈o±Æ©øÆo ø2o  ̈Æø2­°øÆa2 ̈ 

3ø22aÆÚ fl2ß ­ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo  ̈± ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ·2 o ́ ̈ ́Æa 

ßaøÆ­ ø2o ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ æa 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ø °Æ±1Æø33·21 ±o o ́2o­  ̈± ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú ⁄ ́2o·21 o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2 aø1⁄2 ̧ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

Æa­°±2­·TMa  ̈± °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ø2o 3øß 2± ̈ æa o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß °Æ±°±Æ ̈·±2ø¥  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a  ̈øÆ1a ̈­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2±33a2o o ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa 

oa­·12ao  ̈± Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ­a ±o  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈·Æa  ̧Ô æ·¥¥·±2 –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

ÔÚ ÃÆøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ 

... ̧·¥a Õfi ËË o±a­ 2± ̈ a®°¥·1⁄2· ̈¥ß ÆaØ ́·Æa ø2 ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 æß 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ · ̈ o±a­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ flŒfi  ̈± 

·oa2 ̈·oß ø 3aø2­  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ø2 ø·Æ æø­·2é­ ø ̈ ̈ø·23a2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ o±Æ ­ ̈ø ̈a ø2o oaoaÆø¥ ø·Æ 

Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ ø2o · ̈­  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo æa¥·aTMa­  ̈ ̧·­ ·­ 

3±­ ̈ aoo·1⁄2·a2 ̈¥ß ø2o aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß o±2a æß  ̈øÆ1a ̈·21 o ́2o·21  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ æø­ao ±2 

°±° ́¥ø ̈·±2Ù 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ a3·­­·±2­Ù ø2o oaoaÆø¥ ø ̈ ̈ø·23a2 ̈ 2aao­Ú Ã ̧a­a  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ 

ø¥­± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Æa­·oa2 ̈­ ·2 aø1⁄2 ̧ oao·2ao  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ­aa æa2ao· ̈­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3Ú ⁄·2ø¥¥ßÙ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ø ̈a ø  ̈Æø2­°øÆa2 ̈ ø2o ±°a2 o·­1⁄2 ́­­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

±° ̈·3 ́3 o ́2o·21 ­°¥· ̈­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 ±o 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ 

Æa1·±2é­  ̈± ́1 ̧a­ ̈ ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­Ú Ã ̧a Õ ̈øoo Œa°±Æ ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·æa­  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±°±­ao  ̈øÆ1a ̈­Ú 

Ã ̧a °Æ±°±­ao o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ø¥¥ ­ ̈ø ̈a ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

–Æ±1Æø3 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­Ù øÆaÊ 

‹±¥¥øÆ­ ÃÆøoa ›±ÆÆ·o±Æ

i  ̧ÎÎð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ‘±­ fl21a¥a­Ò×2¥ø2o ¤3°·Æa  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ 

i  ̧ÓÎð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ›a2 ̈Æø¥ ø¥¥aß  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ 

i  ̧ÔÏð 3·¥¥·±2Ê fiøß flÆaø  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ 

i  ̧ Íð 3·¥¥·±2Ê Õø2 ‹·a1±Òfi±ÆoaÆ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ 

Õ·21⁄2a  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ¥±±μ­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ø ­·21¥a 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

­ß­ ̈a3 o±Æ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 æ±2o 3±2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± 

o ́2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a  ̄2± ̈ ¶ ́­ ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ øÆaø ̃Ú Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ±Æ ±°aÆø ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa ·2 ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 

1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú Œa1·±2­ ¥·μa  ̈ ̧a Õø2 ÷±øØ ́·2 ø¥¥aß ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·1 ̧  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧Û ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o Æø·¥  ̈Æøoo·1⁄2 

©·¥¥ æa2ao· ̈ oÆ±3 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2 ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÔÍ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Ã ̧a o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21 °±Æ ̈­ ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­  ̄ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 

© ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧±­a oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ øÆa ¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao ̃ ©·¥¥ æa øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ ø¥¥ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ o±1⁄2 ́­ao ±2 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÙ Æa1øÆo¥a­­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ  ̧±3a æø­aÚ Ã ̧ ́­Ù 1⁄2¥aø2 ́° o ́2o­ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fiøß 

flÆaø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a –±Æ ̈ ±o —øμ¥ø2o 3øß 1±  ̈±  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 1⁄2øÆÆß·21 ø1Æ·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈ ́Æø¥ °Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± ø2o oÆ±3 

 ̈ ̧a ø¥¥aßÚ ‘·μa©·­aÙ o ́2o­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °±Æ ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ‘±­ fl21a¥a­ øÆaø 3øß 1±  ̈±  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μæø­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Õø2 ‹·a1±Òfi±ÆoaÆ Æa1·±2Ú 

ÓÚ Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ 

Õfi ËË Æa1⁄2±12·¶a­  ̈ ̧a 2aao o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a ø1ø·2­ ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ 2± ̈ ø1ø·2­ ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2 ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ú Ã± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧·­ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧Ù ­a ̈ 

°±Æ ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 

±2a ±Æ 3±Æa ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ú Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 

·2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Æa1·±2ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ø­ ø °Æ·3øÆß 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a 

Õ ̈øoo Œa°±Æ ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·æa­  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao  ̈øÆ1a ̈­Ú 

Ã ̧a °Æ±°±­ao  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ø¥¥ ­ ̈ø ̈a ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­Ù øÆaÊ 

‹±¥¥øÆ­ ⁄ ́2o·21 ›ø ̈a1±Æß

i  ̧Ïðð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21 ­aø°±Æ ̈­ ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ú 

i  ̧ÌÍð 3·¥¥·±2Ê — ̈ ̧aÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧ø ́¥ 1±±o­Ù °¥ ́­ ø2ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±° 

±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i  ̧Ôðð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ‹·a­a¥ oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ú 

i  ̧Ôðð 3·¥¥·±2Ê Õ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ o±Æ 1⁄2øÆ1± ­ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧Ù °¥ ́­ 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

 ́­ao ø ̈ ø °±Æ ̈ ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆoÚ 

i  ̧ Ïð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ›±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú 

ÌÚ –Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2oflŒfi ­ ̈øoo °Æ±°±­a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo øo±° ̈  ̈ ̧a­a °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðËÊ 

i ¤¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ß æa1·2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o oa¥·TMaÆ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß Æa­ ́¥ ̈­Ú 

Ã ̧·­ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 1·TMa °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a 

aøÆ¥·a­ ̈ °±­­·æ¥a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ ·2  ̧aøTM·¥ß ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ao 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­Ú Ã ̧a­a 

1⁄2± ́¥o æa 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·1 ̧ Æ·­μ­ o ́a  ̈± 2aøÆæß 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ ±Æ 

1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­ ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̧·1 ̧ Æa1·±2ø¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

a3·­­·±2­Ú 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± øoo o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ­ o±Æ ·33ao·ø ̈aÙ æÆ±øo ­1⁄2ø¥aÙ 

1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa Æ·­μ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 3ø2ß 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­Ú fiø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a­ ·2 Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù ©a a®°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a­a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©± ́¥o ±2¥ß æa 

a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o·21Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÔÈ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i –±Æ ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ‘±­ fl21a¥a­Ò×2¥ø2o ¤3°·Æa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a –±Æ ̈ ±o ‘±­ fl21a¥a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a –±Æ ̈ ±o ‘±21 fiaø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2¥aø2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈øÆ·oo °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

Ã ̧a­a °±Æ ̈­ øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ oÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21  ̈ ̧a °±Æ ̈­ æa Æa°¥ø1⁄2ao  ̄©· ̈ ̧ 

3±oa¥­ 3aa ̈·21 ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ ̃ æa ̈©aa2 ¥ø ̈a ÓððË ø2o  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o ÓðÔÔÚ 

Ã ̧·­ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a 3aø2­ ø2ß o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 2aao­  ̈± 1⁄2±3a ·2 

 ̈ ̧a aøÆ¥ß ßaøÆ­Ú 

›Ú –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ¤3·­­·±2­ 

ÔÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a 

⁄±¥¥±©·21 aø1⁄2 ̧ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± flŒfiÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ø2o 

Æa1⁄2±33a2o o±Æ fi±øÆo øo±° ̈·±2 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± 

1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ o ́2o·21 ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÚ Ã ̧a­a ±° ̈·±2­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa øæ¥a  ̈± 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß Æao ́1⁄2a 

a3·­­·±2­ ø2o  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø  ̧·1 ̧ oa1Æaa ±o 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 ̈ßÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ 

±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 Õfi ËË o±Æ  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥ oaø­·æ·¥· ̈ßÙ a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥Ù ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ± ̈ ̧aÆ aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ TMaÆ·o·aoÙ øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ ø2o 1⁄2ø2 æa ©·oa¥ß oa°¥±ßao  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a a3·­­·±2­ Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ßÚ 

fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛŸ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ oa ̈ø·¥  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ 

⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ́°1Æøoa ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ù o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø°­Ù 3·2·3 ́3 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÙ 

ø2o μaß ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2 ̧±±­a  ̈± °Æ±°±­a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ oÆ±3 ø¥¥ 

±o  ̈ ̧a ±° ̈·±2­ ·2 ø 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ ±Æ ¶ ́­ ̈ ø ­ ́æ­a ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧±­a ±° ̈·±2­Ù  ̈± æa­ ̈ øooÆa­­  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ 

°±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 °Æ±æ¥a3 ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ ⁄±Æ o ́ ̈ ́Æa ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2­ ø2o  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a­a 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 oa3ø2o o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

±° ̈·±2­Ù  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß øoTMø21⁄2a­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a 2aao o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 2a© ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

Õfi ËË ·oa2 ̈·o·a­ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

 

i Ã ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±o  ̧aøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a 

ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ú 

i Ã ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±o o·a­a¥ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a­Ù ©· ̈ ̧ °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß 1·TMa2 

 ̈± ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a­Ú 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø2o 

Æa°±©aÆ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ú Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a­ ø2o ø ­ ̈ø ̈·±2øÆß ­ß­ ̈a3  ̈± 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ø2o 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a3·­­·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a Æø·¥ ßøÆo øÆa ·2 oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ä ±21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a­a 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1·a­ øÆa oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈aoÙ TMaÆ·o·ao æß flŒfi o±Æ aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o o ́Æøæ·¥· ̈ß 

 ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ù ø2o 1⁄2±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ©·¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a3 o±Æ 

øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÔË ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i Ã ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±o  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±°aÆø ̈a­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈aé­ 

­aø°±Æ ̈­Ú 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø2o 

Æa°±©aÆ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ú —21⁄2a Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a­ øÆa oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈aoÙ TMaÆ·o·ao æß flŒfi 

o±Æ aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o o ́Æøæ·¥· ̈ß  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ù ø2o 1⁄2±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ flŒfi 

­ ̈øoo ©·¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a3 o±Æ øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a­Ú 

i Ã ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o ±2Û­ ̧±Æa a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ °±©aÆ o±Æ ±1⁄2aø2 oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2øÆÆ·aÆ­ 1⁄2ø¥¥·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

­ ̈ø ̈aé­ ­aø°±Æ ̈­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a  ́­a ±o ø ́®·¥·øÆß ø2o 3ø·2 a21·2a ­ ̧·° °±©aÆÚ 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧·­  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÚ 

i ”±æ·¥a ±Æ °±Æ ̈øæ¥a ­ ̧±Æa­·oa o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈ao °±©aÆ 1a2aÆø ̈·±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a¥·3·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 

2aao  ̈±  ́­a  ̈ ̧a a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2· ̈ß 1Æ·oÚ 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧·­  ̈ß°a ±o 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÚ 

i Ã ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±o 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±°aÆø ̈a­ ø ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈aé­ ­aø°±Æ ̈­ ø2o Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ú 

Û flŒfié­ øo±° ̈ao Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 o±Æ o·a­a¥ 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·21 ø ̈ °±Æ ̈­ 

ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧·­ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈± æa  ́°1Æøoao  ̈± a3·­­·±2 

¥aTMa¥­ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMøæ¥a  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±Æ  ̄°±­­·æ¥ß ̃ Æa°±©aÆÚ Ã± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a 

a3·­­·±2­ 2± ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ù ø2o øÆa 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMaÙ  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ±2¥ß Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±o a2aÆ1ß 

­ ̈±Æø1a ­ß­ ̈a3­ o±Æ Æ ́ææaÆÛ ̈·Æao 1ø2 ̈Æß 1⁄2Æø2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥Æaøoß 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a flŒfi 

Æ ́¥aÚ flŒfi ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ a®°ø2o·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 2a® ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a 

 ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa Æa3±TMø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 o·a­a¥ a21·2a ø2o ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2 °±©aÆ 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a­a ­ø3a 1⁄2Æø2a­Ú 

i ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a a21·2a ·o¥·21 ø2o  ́­a ±o ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ 1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 

ø ́®·¥·øÆß °±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3­ ø ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­Ù ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ù o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ù ø2o 

± ̈ ̧aÆ °¥ø1⁄2a­ © ̧aÆa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 1⁄2±21Æa1ø ̈aÚ 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧·­  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo °Æ±°±­a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2  ̈ß°a­ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­ 2± ̈ æa a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21 

 ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± oa­·12Ù ø1⁄2Ø ́·Æa Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Û±oÛ©øßÙ °aÆo±Æ3 a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Ù æ ́·¥oÙ 

·3°Æ±TMaÙ ±Æ ±°aÆø ̈a  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̄¥·μa Æ±øo­Ù æÆ·o1a­Ù ±Æ 

·2 ̈aÆ1⁄2 ̧ø21a­Â Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ù  ̈Æø1⁄2μ­ ±Æ ­·o·21­Â Æø·¥ ±Æ  ̧·1 ̧©øß  ̈ ́22a¥ ©·oa2·21Â Æø·¥Æ±øo 

1⁄2Æ±­­·21 1Æøoa ­a°øÆø ̈·±2­Â ­ ̧·° 1⁄2 ̧ø22a¥ oÆao1·21Â a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± oa­·12Ù ø1⁄2Ø ́·Æa Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Û±oÛ©øßÙ °aÆo±Æ3 a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Ù æ ́·¥oÙ 

·3°Æ±TMaÙ ±Æ ±°aÆø ̈a ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥  ̈Æø2­oaÆ ±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­  ̄ø¥­± 1⁄2ø¥¥ao ·2¥ø2o 

°±Æ ̈­ ̃Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a a21·2a ·o¥·21 ø2o  ́­a ±o 

·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ 1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 ø ́®·¥·øÆß °±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3­ ø ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­Ù ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ù 

o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ °¥ø1⁄2a­ © ̧aÆa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 1⁄2±21Æa1ø ̈aÚ 

i Õ1⁄2·a2 ̈·o·1⁄2 ±Æ  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥ Æa­aøÆ1⁄2 ̧ ø2o oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±1Æø3­  ̈± 

°aÆo±Æ3 a3·­­·±2­  ̈a­ ̈·21 ±2 2a©  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÚ 

i fi ́­·2a­­ °¥ø2 oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ±Æ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÔÁ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈Ù TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù ±Æ ­ ̧·° æaÆ ̈ ̧­ ±©2ao ±Æ ¥aø­ao æß  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ù 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a 3·¥· ̈øÆßÚ 

i ⁄ ́a¥ ±Æ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2· ̈ß ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a­Ú 

i —°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

i ‘a1ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

i fl2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ 3aa ̈ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

Ã ̧a  ̈·3·21 ø2o Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a oa3ø2o­  ̈± 1a ̈ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß 

°Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa 1⁄2ø­aÛæßÛ1⁄2ø­a 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÚ ×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

­ ́°°±Æ ̈­ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o ø 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ 

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ©·¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß o±Æ °±­­·æ¥a ·21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a 

oao·2ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 2a® ̈  ́°oø ̈a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

ÓÚ œ ́ø2 ̈·oß·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æa2ao· ̈­ 

ø ̃ –±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­ 

Õfi ËË ·oa2 ̈·o·a­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao o±Æ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3Ê 

i ‹·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a 3ø ̈ ̈aÆ  ̄o·a­a¥ –” ̃Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ flŒfi ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ø­ ø  ̈±®·1⁄2 ø·Æ 

1⁄2±2 ̈ø3·2ø2 ̈Ú 

i “· ̈Æ±1a2 ±®·oa­  ̄“—® ̃ ø2o ­ ́¥o ́Æ ±®·oa­  ̄Õ—® ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± o·2a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a­ 

 ̄–”ÓÚÎ ̃ o±Æ3ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø ̈3±­° ̧aÆaÚ 

i “—® ø2o Æaø1⁄2 ̈·TMa ±Æ1ø2·1⁄2 1ø­a­  ̄Œ—Ÿ ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o±Æ3 ±¶±2a ·2  ̈ ̧a ø ̈3±­° ̧aÆaÚ 

Õfi ËË ø¥­± øoo­ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­a­ ø­ ø 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ·2 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·21 

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± o ́2oÚ 

fl­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ­·3°¥·oß·21  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo Æa1⁄2±33a2o­ Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß·21 o·a­a¥ –” ø2o 

“—® a3·­­·±2­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 æ±2oÛo ́2oao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a­a øÆa  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈©± 3±­ ̈ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈¥ß ·3°±Æ ̈ø2 ̈ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈­ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 

3±TMa3a2 ̈ ·2 ø¥¥ o± ́Æ 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ ¥·μa¥ß  ̈± o·ooaÆ æa ̈©aa2 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 

°Æ±°±­ø¥­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ 

—o  ̈ ̧a  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ù ±2¥ß ­ ̧·°­ øÆa ­ ̈·¥¥ ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ±o Õ—® 

a3·­­·±2­Ú Õ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a ­ ̧·° a3·­­·±2­ ø ̈ o±1⁄2μ ©·¥¥ aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß 1⁄2 ́ ̈ 

 ̈ ̧·­ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈Ú × ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a Õ—® a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 aø1⁄2 ̧ 

1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ›±3°øÆ·21  ̈ ̧a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 o·a­a¥ –” ø2o “—® 

a3·­­·±2­ ·­ ø2 øoaØ ́ø ̈a æø­·­  ̈± ø­­a­­ ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­ Æa¥ø ̈·TMa  ̈± 

± ̈ ̧aÆ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ ‹·a­a¥ a21·2a­ a3· ̈ Œ—ŸÙ æ ́ ̈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ øÆa 

 ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ¥a­­  ̈ ̧ø2 ÔÒÔð ±o  ̈ ̧a “—® a3·­­·±2­ ø2o ø¥­± ­ ̧± ́¥o 2± ̈ æa ø oa ̈aÆ3·2·21 

oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ·2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 Óð ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Õ ̈øoo 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ a3·­­·±2­ ·2 Æa1⁄2±33a2o·21  ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 

o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­Ù ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ø¥¥± ̈ ̈ao o±Æ ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ ø2o 1⁄2øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a o ́a¥ 1⁄2±2­ ́3° ̈·±2Ú Õ·21⁄2a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 ©· ̈ ̧·2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ù  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 2± ̈ ø 2aao  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

æ ̃ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±ÆflŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ oaTMa¥±° ø2o 3øμa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈a ø ̈Ê 

 ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒ13æ±2o ø –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fia2ao· ̈­ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ  ̄›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ ̃ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù ©· ̈ ̧ ±2a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2Ú 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a a21·2a ·o¥·21 ø2o  ́­a ±o ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ 

1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 ø ́®·¥·øÆß °±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3­ ø ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­Ù ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ù o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 

1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ °¥ø1⁄2a­ © ̧aÆa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 1⁄2±21Æa1ø ̈a 3 ́­ ̈ æa ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥¥ß aTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao  ̈± 

oa ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a Ø ́ø2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 3a ̈ ̧±o ·2 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 

ø2o flŒfiÚ 

Ã ̧a­a ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o °Æ±°±­ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú ×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

·oa2 ̈·o·a­ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa Ø ́ø2 ̈·o·ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧± ́¥o 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ 1 ́·oø21⁄2aÚ Ã ̧a 

›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o °Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

‹Ú fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 –Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­

ÔÚ “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·­­ ́a ø 2± ̈·1⁄2a ±o o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̄“—⁄fl ̃ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 “±TMa3æaÆ Ìð ̈ ̧

±o aø1⁄2 ̧ o·­1⁄2ø¥ ßaøÆ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­ øÆa ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́ÆaÚ ⁄±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË 

o ́2o·21Ù flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·­­ ́a  ̈ ̧a “—⁄fl ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈©± ©aaμ­ ±o fi±øÆo øo±° ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

Ã ̧a “—⁄fl ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

i Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­ ­aaμ·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 

1⁄2±21⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o ø oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß Ø ́ø¥·o·a­ ø­ ø2 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i Õ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aø1⁄2 ̧ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈  ̧±¥o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ±2a 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 3aa ̈·21 °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 

­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± flŒfi  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú‹ÚÔ ̃Ú 

ÓÚ Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·afl ç¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßå ·­ oao·2ao  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø 1⁄2± ́2 ̈ßÙ 1⁄2· ̈ßÙ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈Ù ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2Æaø ̈ao 

æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ø2o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ °±¥· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ­ ́æo·TM·­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈aÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 

a2 ̈· ̈·a­ o± 2± ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ­ ̈ø ̈a­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ø2 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± æa æ± ̈ ̧ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß ø2o ±2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÓÔ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

 ̈ ̧a 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±o oÆa·1 ̧ ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ±Æ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2 ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈­ 

ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ­ ̈a° ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­ ­·3°¥ß Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ø­ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß ©· ̈ ̧ 

flŒfi  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a “—⁄fl  ̈± ±æ ̈ø·2 ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ3Ú flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ̈øoo TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß ø2o °Æ±TM·oa 

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›±21⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß ©·¥¥ ø¥­± °Æ±TM·oa · ̈­ Ø ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

o±Æ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ø­ ø –Æ±1Æø3 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ­±  ̈ ̧ø ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 1⁄2ø2 æa1·2  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 

oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

“± ̈aÊ Õ·21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ©·¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa ø2 a® ̈a2­·TMa ·2TMa­ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈·3a ø2o Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2aæß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo a21⁄2± ́Æø1a­ aø1⁄2 ̧ a2 ̈· ̈ß  ̈± 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ aøÆ¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ ­ ̈øoo 

Æa1øÆo·21 · ̈­ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø2o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈± Ø ́ø¥·oß 

ø­ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈Ú 

ÌÚ flŒfi ÆaTM·a© ±o ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø2 ·2· ̈·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o aø1⁄2 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± 

TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß Ø ́ø¥·o·a­ ø­ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

·­ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ o ́2o·21 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ 3aa ̈ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o 

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flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ø2ß oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ø2o oa ̈aÆ3·2aÙ ø ̈ ­ ̈øoo o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2Ù © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈± 

o·­Ø ́ø¥·oß  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±Æ ° ́Æ­ ́a  ́°oø ̈a­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °±­ ̈ ø ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ±2 flŒfié­ –Æ±1Æø3 

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¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ øÆa o ́a  ̈± flŒfiÚ 

ø ̃ ›±3°¥a ̈a2a­­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a© ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ø¥¥ 

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 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μa ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ø 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø 1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2Ú 
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› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÓÓ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

æ ̃ œ ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø­ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­ aø1⁄2 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßé­ Ø ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a2 ̈· ̈ß 

3aa ̈­  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø2o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß 

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß °Æ±TM·oa øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧·­ 

ø­­a­­3a2 ̈Ú 

fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Ø ́ø¥·o·a­ ø­ ø –Æ±1Æø3 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 3øß ø¥­± æa ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­ ø2 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

1⁄2 ̃ ›±2­·­ ̈a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ ¥a1ø¥ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa­ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ç2± ̈ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Úå flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a 

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·21⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ øÆa 

­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± o·­Ø ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2Ù o±Æ ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ 

±°aÆø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ›¥ø­­ × Æø·¥Æ±øo­Ù flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

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flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o · ̈ 3aa ̈­  ̈ ̧a 

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a ̃ flTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o o ́¥¥ o ́2o·21 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o · ̈ 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß 

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°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÚ 

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–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÓÌ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ 

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ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

 ̧ ̃ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

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i Õ ́°°±Æ ̈ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2Ú 

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°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ̃Ú 

i ›±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ­Ú 

i “± ̈·oß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ¤2­ ́Æa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a © ̧aÆa ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÚ 

i ›±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o 2a© ±Æ  ́°1Æøoao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ oÆ±3 flŒfiÚ 

i –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·2TM±·1⁄2a­ ø2o ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ oÆ±3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ 

°øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ ø2o Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈­ ̃Ú 

i ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ú 

i ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ø­­a­­ ±2Û1±·21 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú 

i –Æ±TM·oa ÆaØ ́·Æao Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈± flŒfi  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ­ ́æ3· ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

oø ̈ø a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2ø¥¥ß © ̧a2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ̃Ú 

i –øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2 –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o o·­1⁄2ø¥ ø ́o· ̈­Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± Æa¥ß ±2  ̈ ̧·­ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ·2 · ̈­ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßéøæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± oa¥·TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2±°a  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú‹ÚÏ æa¥±© ̃ ø2o · ̈­ ±TMaÆø¥¥ 

oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ Æaøo·2a­­  ̈± Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ß æa1·2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o oa¥·TMaÆ 

ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß Æa­ ́¥ ̈­  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××ÚfiÚÌÙ –Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË ⁄ ́2o­ ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÓÏ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÏÚ ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2ø°øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

­1⁄2±°a 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o · ̈ 

øoo·Æ3ø ̈·TMa¥ß oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ±Æ ©·¥¥  ̧øTMa  ̈ ̧a 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß a®°aÆ ̈·­a ø2o 

Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a oa3ø2o­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2±°aÙ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈·3a¥·2a­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ©·¥¥ a®ø3·2a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ao ­ ̈ø ̈·­ ̈·1⁄2­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ æø­·­ o±Æ 

a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧·21  ̈ ̧a Æa¥ø ̈·±2­ ̧·° æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °·a1⁄2a­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 

 ́°1Æøoao ·2 ø 1·TMa2  ̈·3aoÆø3a ø2o  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̈øoo 2aaoao  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2±3°¥·­ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧±­a  ́°1Æøoa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ©·¥¥ Æa¥ß ±2  ̈ ̧a o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 °Æ±TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o flŒfié­ a®°aÆ·a21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa 

°Æ±1Æø3­  ̈± ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a øoaØ ́ø1⁄2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao ­ ̈øoo Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú ×o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 

oa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈±  ̧ø2o¥a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ß°aÙ 

æ ́ ̈ ±2¥ß ø ̈ ø ¥a­­aÆ ­1⁄2±°a ±Æ ­1⁄2ø¥a  ̈ ̧ø2 °Æ±°±­aoÙ ­ ̈øoo 3øß ·oa2 ̈·oß ø2 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

­1⁄2±°aÚ 

⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ÎÙððð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù æ ́ ̈ ±2¥ß 

oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧a Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ø2o øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ÓÙððð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈·3a¥·2a­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß o·­Ø ́ø¥·oß  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

±Æ Æa1⁄2±33a2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1± o±Æ©øÆo  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 

­1⁄2±°a ±o ÓÙððð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈­  ̄ø ̈ ø °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao o ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥ ̃Ú 

×o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo oa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±2¥ß ø ¥a­­aÆ ­1⁄2±°a ·­ oaø­·æ¥a æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßéoa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ù ­ ̈øoo ©·¥¥ 2± ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a oa­·12ø ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ·2 ©Æ· ̈·21 ø2o 

3±TMa  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ©øÆo  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±Û

Æø ̈ao °Æ±°±­ø¥ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ ×2  ̈ ̧a ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

ø­­ ́3a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ o±Æ ø °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao °Æ±°±­ø¥ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a3a2 ̈ 

ÆaØ ́·Æao ±2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

ÎÚ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 

Õfi ËË o·­ ̈·21 ́·­ ̧a­ æa ̈©aa2 Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­ ø2o 3±2·a­ oÆ±3 ø¥¥ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú × ̈ ø¥­± 

o·Æa1⁄2 ̈­ flŒfi  ̈± 3ø®·3·¶a  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­  ́­ao  ̈± ­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o­Ú Ã ̧a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± 1⁄2±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a o·ooaÆa21⁄2a æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø° 

ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2±3a oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø ̈a ­a1⁄2 ̈±ÆÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

oaoaÆø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ú –Æ·TMø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø2 æa °Æ±TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÙ 

ø2 ·2o ́­ ̈Æß ­°±2­±Æao °Æ±1Æø3Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 

ø ̃ ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ 1⁄2±3æ·2a o ́2o·21 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 

›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 ±2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̄·ÚaÚÙ o ́2o­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao 

 ́2oaÆ ÿ ̇Õ yÏÏðÁÔÚÔ ̄ø ̃ ø2o – ́æ¥·1⁄2 Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ›±oa yÏÓËËÁ ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÓÎ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

×2 Æa­°±2­a  ̈± ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo  ̧ø­ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ­±3a ç°ø­­Û

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧å TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 3øß ø¥­± 

æa  ́­ao o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú À2oaÆ flfi ÁÓÌ  ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÈðÈÙ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o 

ÓððÏ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a ±2  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­ao o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ±o 

–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 Ôfi °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2TM±¥TM·21  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄21⁄2a¥aÆø ̈ao Æa ̈·Æa3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆ·21Ù ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ̈·21 

±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ›±2TMaÆ­a¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa  ́­ao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ 

o ́2o·21 ±2 2±2Û3± ̈±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù 1⁄2øÆ1± ­ ̧·°­Ù 

ø2o ±ooÛÆ±øo 1⁄2øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 3øß æa 1⁄2±3æ·2ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

·o ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ øÆa 3a ̈Ê  ̄ø ̃  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃  ̈± æa 

o ́2oao ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ±2¥ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù  ̄æ ̃  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3aa ̈­ æ± ̈ ̧ æ±2o –Æ±1Æø3 

a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ o ́2o·21 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·øÙ  ̄1⁄2 ̃  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±a­ 

2± ̈ a®1⁄2aao  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ –Æ±1Æø3 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ¥·3· ̈Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 æ± ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o flfiÁÓÌ o ́2o­Ù ø2o  ̄o ̃  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a o ́2o­ øÆa 2± ̈ 

1⁄2± ́2 ̈ao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ø2 ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈é­ ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈Ú 

⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ·2TMa­ ̈ao 3 ́­ ̈  ̈Æaø ̈ æ± ̈ ̧ æ±2o 

–Æ±1Æø3 3±2·a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 3±2·a­ ø­ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­ ­·21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 

3±2·a­ ©± ́¥o ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a æa  ́­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ”±ßaÆ –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

ÍÚ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥  ́­a ø Ø ́ø2 ̈· ̈ø ̈·TMa ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± oaTMa¥±° ø °Æ·±Æ· ̈·¶ao ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ©·¥¥ æa ø°°¥·ao  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 

aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ° ́æ¥·­ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ ±o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2  ̈ ̧a flŒfi ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

Ã ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Ø ́ø2 ̈· ̈ø ̈·TMa æø­ao ±2 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ä a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o ø 3aø­ ́Æa ±o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ­ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ú Ã ̧a 

1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́­a­  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 °Æ± ̈±1⁄2±¥ ±o ©a·1 ̧ ̈·21 

1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 –” a3·­­·±2­  ̄a­­a2 ̈·ø¥¥ß o·a­a¥ –” ̃ æß ø oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±o Óð Æa¥ø ̈·TMa  ̈± ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

°±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈aÆ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o –” °aÆ  ̈±2 ±o a3·­­·±2­Ú Ã ̧·­ 

°Æ± ̈±1⁄2±¥  ̧a¥°­  ̈øÆ1a ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μÚ 

ø ̃ ¤3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­1⁄2±Æa 

⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±°±­a­  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ a­ ̈·3ø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 

°±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈Û©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÙ æø­ao 

±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fia2ao· ̈­ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ 

¤3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ „ Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 “—® ı  ̄1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 –” ® Óð ̃ a3·­­·±2­ ·2 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ·2  ̈±2­ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÓÍ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

 

×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±°±­ø¥ 1⁄2±3æ·2a­ 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2o·Æ3  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 Æa°aø ̈­  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

±° ̈·±2Ù ø2o øoo­  ̈ ̧a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈±1a ̈ ̧aÆ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ¥·­ ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2 oa­1⁄2a2o·21 ±ÆoaÆ ±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2  ̈±° ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±©a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3Ú 

Õ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ ­1⁄2±Æa aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3 ©· ̈ ̧ ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o Ô ø2o 

1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́·21 1⁄2±2­a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ·o  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa Ë °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

°Æ±°±­ø¥­Ù  ̈ ̧a ±2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ©± ́¥o Æa1⁄2a·TMa ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o ËÚ 

Õaa ⁄·1 ́Æa Ô o±Æ ø2 a®ø3°¥aÚ 

 

¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 Õ1⁄2±Æa „ 2 ́3æaÆ oÆ±3 øæ±TMa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 

æ ̃ ›±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ­1⁄2±Æa 

⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2 ·2 ø ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ a­ ̈·3ø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈Û©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

 ̄ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao øæ±TMa ø2o 1⁄2±2TMaÆ ̈ao oÆ±3  ̈±2­  ̈± °± ́2o­ ̃Ù o·TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a 

o ́2o·21 °Æ±°±­ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fia2ao· ̈­ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ Ã± ̈ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̄°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ̃Ù °¥ ́­ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ­ ä ­aa o·­1⁄2 ́­­·±2  ́2oaÆ › ̧ø° ̈aÆ 

××Ú‹ÚÎÙ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ⁄ ́2o·21Ù ±2  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a  ́2oaÆ 

flfi ÁÓÌ ø­ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ­Ú 

›±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ „ ©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̄¥æ­ ̃Ò ̈± ̈ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a  ̧

×o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ø¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2o·Æ3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 Æa°aø ̈­  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ±° ̈·±2Ù ø2o øoo­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈­  ̈±1a ̈ ̧aÆ ø2o 

 ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­  ̈±1a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ¥·­ ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2 oa­1⁄2a2o·21 ±ÆoaÆ ±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆÙ 

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̧·1 ̧a­ ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ±2  ̈±° ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±©a­ ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ±2  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3Ú Õ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ ­1⁄2±Æa aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3 ©· ̈ ̧ ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o Ô ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́·21 

1⁄2±2­a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ©· ̈ ̧ Ë °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­Ù  ̈ ̧a ±2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ©± ́¥o Æa1⁄2a·TMa ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o ËÚ Õaa ⁄·1 ́Æa Ô 

o±Æ ø2 a®ø3°¥aÚ 

›±­ ̈Û¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ Õ1⁄2±Æa „ 2 ́3æaÆ oÆ±3 øæ±TMa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 

Ã ̧·­ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ·2o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥aTMa¥ ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ú 

fl °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©·¥¥ ø¥©øß­  ̧øTMa ø 1⁄2±3æ·2ø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21  ̄oÆ±3 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ±Æ 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ̃  ̈± 1⁄2±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ 

aØ ́ø ̈·±2  ́­a­  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMao æß  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21Ù 2± ̈ ¶ ́­ ̈ 

ø ­ ́æ­a ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 °Æ±°±Æ ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈Ú fiß 1⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÓÈ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

 ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 Æa1⁄2±12·¶a­  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ±o 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ 

o ́2o­ ø2o ±ooaÆ­ ø 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa øoTMø2 ̈ø1a  ̈± °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ 1Æaø ̈aÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧Ú 

⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø­­ ́3a  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ±ooaÆ­ o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ́°  ̈± Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o 2a© 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆao æß 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­  ̄Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 ·2 ø 

ÔÊÔ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ̃Ú ”±­ ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±2a2 ̈­ ­aaμ  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù æ ́ ̈ °Æ±°±2a2 ̈ 

» ±2¥ß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ ÓÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ ÈÎ 

°aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆao æß 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­  ̄aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß °Æ±TM·o·21 ø ÌÊÔ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ̃Ú Ã ̧a 

a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ o±Æ ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©± ́¥o ¥·μa¥ß æa ­·3·¥øÆÙ æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

°aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ øÆa 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ 1Æaø ̈aÆ o±Æ °Æ±°±2a2 ̈ » æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Æa¥·a­ ±2 ¥a­­ 

Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­ ø2o 3±Æa 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ øoo  ̈ ̧a ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 Õ1⁄2±Æa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›±­ ̈Û¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ 

Õ1⁄2±Æa  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧a o·2ø¥ °±·2 ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æø2μ 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 aø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß oÆ±3  ̧·1 ̧a­ ̈ °±·2 ̈­  ̈± 

¥±©a­ ̈ °±·2 ̈­Ú Õaa ⁄·1 ́Æa Ô o±Æ ø2 a®ø3°¥aÚ 

“± ̈aÊ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± Æa°±©aÆ ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧aÆ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ø  ̧·1 ̧aÆ 

°Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈ ̧ø2 ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ß°a­ ±o ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 1·TMa o ́2o·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧aÆ­Ú 

⁄·1 ́Æa ÔÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ flÙfiÙ› ­ ́æ3· ̈ 

1⁄2±3°a ̈·21  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̄ ̧ß°± ̈ ̧a ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ̃

›ÛÎÙÓÁÁ  ̈±2­ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ô

fiÛÍÙðÎÍ  ̈±2­ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ó

flÛÈÙÎÈð  ̈±2­ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ì

¤3·­­·±2

Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 Õ1⁄2±Æa

›ÛðÚÏ ¥æ­Ò ̧ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ó

fiÛðÚÎ ¥æ­Ò ̧ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ì

flÛðÚÌ ¥æ­Ò ̧ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ô

›±­ ̈Û¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ 

ø2o ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ Õ1⁄2±Æa

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›Ê ÔıÓ Ì °±·2 ̈­

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ flÊ ÌıÔ Ï °±·2 ̈­

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fiÊ ÓıÌ Î °±·2 ̈­

›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Œø2μ·21

›Ò Œa°¥ø1⁄2a 

Èðð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μfiÒ Œa°¥ø1⁄2a 

Ëðð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μflÒ Œa°¥ø1⁄2a 

ÔÙððð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μfl1a21⁄2ßÒ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈

Õ ̈ø ̈a 

‹±¥¥øÆ­

... a·1 ̧ ̈ao 

¤3 ·­­·±2 

Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

 ̄ ̈±2­ ̃

Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±TMaÆ 

ËÛ«aøÆ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ‘·oa

ÎÙÓÁÁ

ÍÙðÎÍ

ÈÙÎÈð

“—®  ̈±2­ –”  ̈±2­

ÓÙÓÔÁ

ÓÙÎÌÍ

ÌÙÔÈð

ÔÎÏ

ÔÈÍ

ÓÓð

 ̧ÓË” ø ̈ 

 ̧ÏðμÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ

 ̧ÓÏ” ø ̈ 

 ̧ÌðμÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ

 ̧Îð” ø ̈ 

 ̧ÎðμÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ

Œa­ ́¥ ̈­ oÆ±3 –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fia2ao· ̈­ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±ÆÊ
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÓË ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÈÚ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ ±2 a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̧±¥o 2± ¥a­­  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧Æaa ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ ­ ̈ø ̈a©·oa  ̈± o·­1⁄2 ́­­  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ø2ß °Æa¥·3·2øÆß ­ ̈øoo 

Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ o±Æ o ́2o·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú fl ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ±2a ©±Æμ­ ̧±° aø1⁄2 ̧ ©·¥¥ æa 

 ̧a¥o ·2 2±Æ ̈ ̧aÆ2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ  ̈ ̧a ›a2 ̈Æø¥ ø¥¥aßÙ ø2o ­± ́ ̈ ̧aÆ2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÚ fl ̈ ­ ̈øooéo·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a­a ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ 3øß æa 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao æa ̈©aa2 Æa¥aø­a ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa 

Æø2μ·21 ø2o oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ±o o ́2o·21 Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ ±Æ øo ̈aÆ oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ±o ­ ̈øooéo ́2o·21 Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú ⁄±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­Ù  ̈ ̧a­a ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ øÆa 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æao æß 

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o ́2o­Ú 

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Û ¤®1⁄2aao·21 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa o ́2o ø¥¥± ̈3a2 ̈ 

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± Œa1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o o ́2o­ 

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1⁄2 ̃ Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÛ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 a¥a3a2 ̈­ 

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i ×2a¥·1·æ¥a 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

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i “±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­ ø2o ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ±o o ́2o­Ú 

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ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

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o ́2o­Ú 

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aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ a21·2aÚ 

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¤Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 —TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈ 

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a®·­ ̈·21 ¥ø©  ̈± ø¥¥±© fi±øÆo øo±° ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± °ø­­ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧a ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ Õ ̈ø ̈a æ ́o1a ̈Ú 

ÔÚ flŒfi ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·aflŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o·­1⁄2ø¥ ßaøÆé­ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­ ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧ ·2 Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ú Ã ̧·­ ·­ ø  ̈©±Û­ ̈a° °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù æa1·22·21 ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoé­ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o o ́2o­ TM·ø Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2  ̈± ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o 

a2o·21 ©· ̈ ̧ o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÌÌ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÓÚ flŒfi a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaflŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o·­1⁄2ø¥ ßaøÆé­ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­ ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧ ·2 Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ú 

i —21⁄2a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ øÆa ±æ¥·1ø ̈aoÙ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ±o aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ù ø2ß o ́2oÆa ̈ ́Æ2ao ±Æ  ́2­°a2 ̈ æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaTMaÆ ̈ æø1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈­ 

×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈Ù ø2o 3 ́­ ̈ æa ÆaÛ

ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́ÆaÚ × ̈ ·­  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa  ̈ ̧a °±¥·1⁄2ß ±o flŒfi  ̈± Æa ̈ø·2 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­ 

 ́2 ̈·¥ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o øoTMø21⁄2·21  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 ±o ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ±Æ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 3aa ̈·21 ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 

oaøo¥·2a­ ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧ ·2 Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ú 

i flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ́°±2 Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o ø TMø¥·o ŸÆø2 ̈ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 

ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈± flŒfi æß ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ø1⁄2 ̈·21 

 ́2oaÆ ø o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŸÆø2 ̈ fl1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

ø ̃ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2oflo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ a®°a2oao æß flŒfi o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 3øß æa  ́­ao æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆao æß ø o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú ×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ±2a o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfiÙ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao  ́2oaÆ ±2a 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 3øß æa  ́­ao  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈  ́­a øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ·2 a®1⁄2a­­ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

o ́2o­ ø¥¥±©ao  ́2oaÆ ø¥¥ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­  ̄·ÚaÚÙ  ̈ ̧a ­ ́3 ±o ø¥¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ o±Æ 

±2a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ a®1⁄2aao Î °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 1Æø2 ̈ ø©øÆoao  ̈±  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø1a21⁄2ß ̃Ú 

 ̄Ô ̃ ×2· ̈·ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 

—o  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 1Æø2 ̈ ø©øÆo ø¥¥±©ao o±Æ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­Ù flŒfi 3øß ·2· ̈·ø¥¥ß a®°a2o 

 ́°  ̈± Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ o±Æ ø¥¥ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·aa®1⁄2a° ̈ ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆÚ 

⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ flŒfi 3øß ·2· ̈·ø¥¥ß a®°a2o  ́°  ̈± ÓÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­Ú 

 ̄Ó ̃ floo· ̈·±2ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ 

⁄±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o 1⁄2±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ù flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ a®°a2o  ̈ ̧a 

Æa3ø·2·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±2¥ß øo ̈aÆ Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2oo±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa a®°a2oao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ flŒfi 1⁄2±3a­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ­·® 

3±2 ̈ ̧­ ±o ø ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2aÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ ·­ ­±±2aÆÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ßé­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ©aÆa a®°a2oao 

°Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÌÏ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­  ̄¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆÙ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 

1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù ø2o 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ̃Ù flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ a®°a2o  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±2¥ß øo ̈aÆ Ôðð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ flŒfi 1⁄2±3a­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­ 

±o flŒfié­ ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2aÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ ·­ ­±±2aÆÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ßé­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ©aÆa ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈ao °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 

a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

æ ̃ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 

 ̄Ô ̃ ×2· ̈·ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 

flŒfi 3øß ·2· ̈·ø¥¥ß a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 Ãøæ¥a ÓÚÔ æa¥±©Ú 

Ãøæ¥a ÓÚÔ ×2· ̈·ø¥ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ o±Æ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ⁄ ́2o·21 

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ›ø ̈a1±Æß  ̊ ±o ⁄ ́2o­ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21 °±Æ ̈­ ø2o 

·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ 

 ́°  ̈± Ôðð ̊ 

— ̈ ̧aÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ́°  ̈± Ôðð ̊ 

›øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́°  ̈± Ôðð ̊ 

Õ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ  ́°  ̈± Ôð ̊ 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa  ́°  ̈± Ôð ̊ 

ÿøÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈  ́°  ̈± Ôð ̊ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ 

a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

 ́°  ̈± Ôð ̊ 

×2· ̈·ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 3øß æa ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ±21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·­ ̈ ·­ 

°±­ ̈ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©aæ­· ̈a ø­ ø 

oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ Æaøo·2a­­ 

 ̈± a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Â ±Æ 

©· ̈ ̧·2 ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ±o flŒfié­ ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a 

ø­ ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ·2 Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ 1⁄2±3a­ o·Æ­ ̈Ú 

 ̄Ó ̃ floo· ̈·±2ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaflŒfi 3øß a®°a2o  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ¥·­ ̈ao Ãøæ¥a ÓÚÓ æa¥±©Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÌÎ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Ãøæ¥a ÓÚÓ floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ o±Æ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ⁄ ́2o·21 

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

 ̊ ±o 

⁄ ́2oŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21 

°±Æ ̈­ ø2o 

·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ 

ßøÆoÆa3ø·2·21 

— ̈ ̧aÆ  ̧aøTMß 

o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÆa3ø·2·21 

›øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æa3ø·2·21 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ 

a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa oÆ±3 flŒfiÙ æ ́ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ­·® 

3±2 ̈ ̧­ æao±Æa flŒfié­ ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a  ́2oaÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ú 

Õ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ Æa3ø·2·21 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ Æa3ø·2·21 

ÿøÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ Æa3ø·2·21 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao 2± ­±±2aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­ 

°Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø2 ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈ao °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 oø ̈aÙ æ ́ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao 2± 

¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­ æao±Æa flŒfié­ ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a  ́2oaÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a 

¥ø©Ú 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 

­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 

1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ 

a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

Æa3ø·2·21 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao 2± ­±±2aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­ 

øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 oø ̈aÙ æ ́ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ­·® 

3±2 ̈ ̧­ æao±Æa flŒfié­ ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a  ́2oaÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ú 

ÌÚ ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2a·TMa ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°±Æ ̈­ ±2  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao ø2o a®°a2oao oÆ±3 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̧a¥o ·2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈­Ú ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ øÆa oa ̈ø·¥ao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú¤ÚÌÚ 

×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­  ́2øæ¥a  ̈± a®°a2o aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æaø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­ 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a­a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 3ø22aÆ ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

ÏÚ —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2 ø2 ±21±·21 æø­·­Ú 

¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ øÆa oa­·12ao  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o Õfi ËË ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈÚ fl2ß –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ a®°a2oao ±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

flŒfi o·2o­ øÆa 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ao ø­ ø2 øoTMaÆ­a o·2o·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ø ́o· ̈Ú Ã ̧a flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

Æa·3æ ́Æ­a flŒfi  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 ø2 øoTMaÆ­a o·2o·21Ù ±Æ 3øß ­aaμ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

Æa3ao·a­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø­  ̈ ̧a ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ oaa3­ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈aÚ 

ø ̃ —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

—21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ÆaTM·a©·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 1±ø¥­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÌÍ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ 3øß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ø­ flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̈øoo oaa3­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß ø2o oaø­·æ¥a ©· ̈ ̧ 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °aÆ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a flŒfiÙ  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ⁄·2ø21⁄2aÙ  ̈ ̧a fi ́Æaø ́ ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a 

fl ́o· ̈­Ù ±Æ ø2ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao oa­·12aaÙ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­Ù o ́Æ·21 2±Æ3ø¥ æ ́­·2a­­  ̧± ́Æ­Ù  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ 

–Æ±1Æø3 ø2o o·­1⁄2ø¥ ø ́o· ̈­Ú 

æ ̃ —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

—21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ÆaTM·a©·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Æa1⁄2±Æo­ 

 ̈± a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 1±ø¥­Ù ø2o ­· ̈a 

TM·­· ̈­  ̈± ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ a21·2a­Ù TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o ́2oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 3øß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ  ́2ø22± ́21⁄2ao ø­ flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̈øoo 

oaa3­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß ø2o oaø­·æ¥a ©· ̈ ̧ øTMø·¥øæ¥a Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °aÆ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ⁄·2ø21⁄2aÙ  ̈ ̧a 

fi ́Æaø ́ ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a fl ́o· ̈­Ù ±Æ ø2ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao oa­·12aaÙ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­Ù o ́Æ·21 2±Æ3ø¥ æ ́­·2a­­ 

 ̧± ́Æ­Ù  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaTM·a©  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ±o 

æ±2o o ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù flŒfi 3øß °aÆ·±o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß 3±2· ̈±ÆÙ  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ oaoaÆø¥Ù Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oø ̈øæø­a­Ù ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÙ ±21±·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 

©· ̈ ̧ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

oø ̈øæø­a­ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

± ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆo oø ̈øæø­a­Ú 

± ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ”± ̈±Æ a ̧·1⁄2¥a oø ̈øæø­a­Ú 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ×2 ̈aÆ2ø ̈·±2ø¥ Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 –¥ø2  ̄›fl ×Œ– ̃Ú 

± ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ⁄·­ ̧ ø2o ...·¥o¥·oa oø ̈øæø­a­Ú 

± ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ÃÆø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 oø ̈øæø­a­Ú

± ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß oø ̈øæø­a­Ù ø­ øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ °aÆ3· ̈ Æa1⁄2±Æo­ 

±Æ °±Æ ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­ oø ̈øæø­a­Ú 

... ̧a2 flŒfi o·a¥o ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ø2o ­ ̧·° æaÆ ̈ ̧­ o±Æ 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧aß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± ø­­a­­ 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ ø2ß 

æ±2oÛo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMao æ±2o 

o ́2o·21 TM·ø ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oø ̈øæø­a ø2o aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a æ±2oÛo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

ø¥¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­ øÆa o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2·21 ø2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ 3aa ̈·21  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú 

“± ̈ ̧·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ·­  ̈± æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́ao ø­ ¥·3· ̈·21 ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a øooa1⁄2 ̈·21 ·2 ø2ß 

©øß flŒfié­ a2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß o±Æ a2­ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

1⁄2±3°¥·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ ø¥¥ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ 

a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÌÈ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

 ̄Ô ̃ ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­ 

...· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o 1Æ·oÛæø­ao ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o  ́­a ±o ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ ø2o  ́­a 1¥±æø¥ °±­· ̈·±2·21 ­ß­ ̈a3­  ̄Ÿ–Õ ̃Ù ø2o 

Æa°±Æ ̈ oø ̈øÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ·­ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ·21  ̈ ̧a ©·oa­°Æaøo  ́­a ±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­ ±2 æ±2oÛ

o ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ·3øÆß ° ́Æ°±­a ±o  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̄Ôðð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ̃ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a o± ́Æ 

 ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú ×2 ø ­ ́æ­a ̈ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù flŒfi ·­ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ·21 3±Æa 

­±° ̧·­ ̈·1⁄2ø ̈ao oaTM·1⁄2a­  ̈± 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ±Æ a21·2a ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ oø ̈ø o±Æ flŒfi 

·2TMa2 ̈±Æß 2aao­Ú 

Õ ̈øoo Æa1⁄2±12·¶a­  ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø1⁄2ß 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß  ̧øTMa øæ± ́ ̈ ø2ß  ̈ß°a 

±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2aÚ Õ ̈øoo ·2 ̈a2o­  ̈± oaTMa¥±° ø °Æ±°±­ø¥ o±Æ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ÆaTM·a© 

ø2o ­aaμ 1⁄2±33a2 ̈ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 

oaTM·1⁄2a­ ø2o oø ̈ø Æa°±Æ ̈·21 °Æ± ̈±1⁄2±¥­ ·2 o ́ ̈ ́Æa  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

×2 oaTMa¥±°·21  ̈ ̧a a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo Æa1⁄2±12·¶a­ 

 ̈ ̧a oa ̈ø·¥ao Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ø2o oø ̈øæø­a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ ± ̈ ̧aÆ flŒfi  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

°Æ±1Æø3­ ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2a2 ̈¥ß øo±° ̈ao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °¥ø2­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a –±Æ ̈­ ±o ‘±­ 

fl21a¥a­ ø2o ‘±21 fiaø1⁄2 ̧Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ·­ ©±Æμ·21  ̈± 1⁄2±±Æo·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ø2o ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a ± ̈ ̧aÆ aoo±Æ ̈­Ù © ̧aÆa °±­­·æ¥aÚ 

¤®ø3°¥a­ ±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i –ø­­·TMa Ÿ–Õ  ̄Ÿ¥±æø¥ –±­· ̈·±2·21 Õß­ ̈a3 ̃  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 oaTM·1⁄2aÛ –ø­­·TMa Ÿ–Õ ­ß­ ̈a3­ øÆa ¥a­­ a®°a2­·TMa  ̄°± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥¥ß ¥±©aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2  ̧ÌððÒ ́2· ̈ ̃  ̈ ̧ø2 

Æaø¥Û ̈·3a Ÿ–Õ ­ß­ ̈a3­Ù ø2o o± 2± ̈  ̧øTMa ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ­ ́æ­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú Ã ̧a 

 ̈ÆøoaÛ±ooÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ ·­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aø1⁄2 ̧  ́2· ̈ ©± ́¥o ÆaØ ́·Æa ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ flŒfi 

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ­  ̈± ° ̧ß­·1⁄2ø¥¥ß o±©2¥±øo oø ̈ø oÆ±3 aø1⁄2 ̧  ́2· ̈Ú 

i Œaø¥Û ̈·3a Ÿ–Õ  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 oaTM·1⁄2aÛ Œaø¥Û ̈·3a Ÿ–Õ ­ß­ ̈a3­ øÆa 3±Æa a®°a2­·TMa  ̄ ́°©øÆo ±o  ̧ÎÙðððÒ ́2· ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o Î ßaøÆ­ ±o 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 ̃Ù æ ́ ̈  ̧øTMa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø°øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æ·21 Æaø¥Û

 ̈·3a ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o Æa3± ̈a¥ß o±©2¥±øoøæ¥a oø ̈øÚ 

i Œ⁄×‹  ̄Œøo·±Û⁄ÆaØ ́a21⁄2ß ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̃ 

Û Œ⁄×‹ ­ß­ ̈a3­ øÆa æa­ ̈  ́­ao ·2 ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥¥ao 1ø ̈a a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈  ̈± ·oa2 ̈·oß 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ a2 ̈aÆ·21 ±Æ a®· ̈·21 ø oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß  ̄¥·μa ø °±Æ ̈ ±Æ Æø·¥ ßøÆo ̃Ú Ã ̧a­a ­ß­ ̈a3­ 

3øß æa  ́­ao  ̈±  ̈Æø1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o TM·­· ̈­  ̈± ø °±Æ ̈Ù æ ́ ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa  ́­ao  ̈± TMaÆ·oß 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ø¥¥ oø ̈ø 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao oÆ±3 ø2ß a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a 

ÆaØ ́·Æao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa °Æ±TM·oao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ±Æ · ̈­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ  ́­a ø2o ø2ø¥ß­a­Ú Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ××Ê flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÌË ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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i –Æ±1Æø3 Œa1⁄2±Æo­Ê 

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i flŒfi ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­Ú 

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flŒfiÚ 

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Ìð oøß­Ù ±Æ oaTMa¥±° ø Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2  ̈± ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥Ù ±Æ ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±oÙ  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 

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 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2Ú 

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ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ê 

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ø2ß Æaø­±2Ú 

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i ÷ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 1a±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 æ± ́2oøÆß ø2o  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

i ”·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±Æ ° ́Æ°±­aÚ 

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æø­aoÚ 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

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1⁄2±21⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ê 

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ø22 ́ø¥ æ ́o1a ̈ o±Æ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i fl ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ø­  ̈± © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß o ́¥o·¥¥­  ̈ ̧a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o 

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Û ×­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ±°aÆø ̈·21 ø oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß  ̄aÚ1Ú ­aø°±Æ ̈ ±Æ 

ø·Æ°±Æ ̈ ̃Â ±Æ 

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Û ÿø­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß o±Æ °¥ø22·21 ø2o o ́2o·21 Æa1·±2ø¥ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

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 ́°±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ æß flŒfiÚ 

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°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μa ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÏÈ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

fiÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 –ø1⁄2μa ̈ 

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­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈± flŒfi æß  ̈ ̧a “—⁄fl oaøo¥·2aÚ Ã ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μa ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

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i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××ÚfiÚÏ ̃Ú 

—2Û¥·2a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ øÆa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥ao  ̈± æa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ·2  ̈·3a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

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 ̈± ­ ́æ3· ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μa ̈­Ú 

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oa­1⁄2Æ·æao æa¥±©Ú 

ÔÚ ‘a1ø¥ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

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aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ø2o ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­Ú 

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Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ú 

ø ̃ ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ 3· ̈·1ø ̈·±2 

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¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ –±¥·1⁄2ß fl1⁄2 ̈  ̄“¤–fl ̃ 3· ̈·1ø ̈·±2 3aø­ ́Æa ·2 ø 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao ›¤œfl ±Æ “¤–fl 

o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÏË ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

æ ̃ Œø·¥Æ±øo ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ 

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yÌÁÍÓÎÚÎ ̄ø ̃ ̄Ó ̃ ̄fi ̃Ú 

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”—À ̃ ±Æ o±Æ 1⁄2¥aø2aÆ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ 1⁄2Æao· ̈ao  ̈±©øÆo­  ̈ ̧a Æø·¥Æ±øo­é 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

ÓðÔð o¥aa ̈ øTMaÆø1a a3·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø2oøÆo o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Õ± ́ ̈ ̧ ›±ø­ ̈ fl·Æ fiø­·2  ̄ÆaØ ́·Æao æß  ̈ ̧a 

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ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ æ±2o o ́2o·21Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ ¤®·­ ̈·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ 

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1± æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ø­ °Æ±TM·oao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ̃Ú 

¤®·­ ̈·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·aø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i “a©  ̧aøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­ ä ¤® ̧ø ́­ ̈ ¤3·­­·±2­ Õ ̈ø2oøÆo­ ø2o Ãa­ ̈ 

–Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ÛÔÁËÎ ø2o Õ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ ”±oa¥ ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß ¤21·2a­ ø2o a ̧·1⁄2¥a­  ̄›±oa 

±o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ Ô yÔÁÎÍÚË ̃Ú 

i ÿaøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ·o¥·21 ä ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈± Œao ́1⁄2a ×o¥·21 ¤3·­­·±2­ ⁄Æ±3 “a© ø2o 

×2ÛÀ­a ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄›±oa ±o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ yÔÁÎÍÚËÙ yÓÏðÏÙ yÓÏÓÏÙ 

yÓÏÓÎÙ yÓÏËÎ ̃Ú 

i ›øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ä Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 o±Æ ”±æ·¥a ›øÆ1± ÿø2o¥·21 ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ø ̈ 

–±Æ ̈­ ø2o ×2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Œø·¥ «øÆo­  ̄›±oa ±o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ Ô 

yÓÏÈÁ ̃Ú 

i Õ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧  ̄­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ ̃ ä —°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ÿ± ́Æ ‘·3· ̈­ ø2o — ̈ ̧aÆ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ 

fl ́®·¥·øÆß ‹·a­a¥ ¤21·2a­ —°aÆø ̈ao ±2 —1⁄2aø2ÛŸ±·21 a­­a¥­ fl ̈ÛfiaÆ ̈ ̧ ·2 ø ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

–±Æ ̈Ú  ̄›±oa ±o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÎÚÔÙ yÓÓÁÁÚÌ ̃Ú 

i ›±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ a21·2a­ ä ¤3·­­·±2 ‘·3· ̈­ ø2o ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ ‹·a­a¥ 

¤21·2a­ ±2 ›±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥ ÿøÆæ±Æ ›Æøo ̈ —°aÆø ̈ao ...· ̈ ̧·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ...ø ̈aÆ­ ø2o ÓÏ 

“ø ́ ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ”·¥a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø fiø­a¥·2aÚ  ̄›±oa ±o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 

1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÙ øÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a ÏÚÎ yÓÓÁÁÚÎ ̃Ú 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21 °±Æ ̈­ ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ ä Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2  ̈± ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ ¤3·­­·±2­ 

oÆ±3 ×2ÛÀ­a —2ÛŒ±øo ‹·a­a¥Û⁄ ́a¥ao ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹Æøßø1a ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­Ú  ̄›±oa ±o 

Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÙ øÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a Ì yÓðÓÈ ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÏÁ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ­3±μa ø2o a3·­­·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ä ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ Õ3±μa 

¤3·­­·±2 Ãa­ ̈·21Ù ø2o ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß a ̧·1⁄2¥a ¤3·­­·±2 ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ Õß­ ̈a3 ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

 ̄›±oa ±o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÌÚÎÙ yÓÔËðÛÓÔÁÏ ̃Ú 

×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 Æa1øÆo·21 a®·­ ̈·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ 1⁄2ø2 æa 

o± ́2o ±2  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 flŒfi ©aæ­· ̈aÊ  ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒo·a­a¥Ò3±æ·¥aÚ ̧ ̈3Ù ±Æ ·2  ̈ ̧a 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ›±oa ±o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a —oo·1⁄2a ±o flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ‘ø©  ̄—fl‘ ̃Ê 

 ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©Ú±ø¥Ú1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒ1⁄21⁄2ÆÚ ̧ ̈3Ú 

o ̃ À°1⁄2±3·21 flŒfi Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø2o a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́°1Æøoa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ø o ́ ̈ ́Æa flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2  ́°  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o fi±øÆo ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± øo±° ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ú 

fl­ ±o  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o fi±øÆo ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ±2¥ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ 

æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa a®a3° ̈ oÆ±3 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2  ̈·3·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a øo±° ̈ao Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß 

1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a oø ̈a o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́°1Æøoa ̃Ú 

—21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo  ̧ø­  ̈øμa2 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ø°°Æ±TMa ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ù ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2  ̈·3·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1± æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a 

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ °±Æ ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ ÓððÈ ±Æ 

2a©aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ú 

×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 Æa1øÆo·21  ́°1⁄2±3·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ 1⁄2ø2 æa 

o± ́2o ±2  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 flŒfi ©aæ­· ̈aÊ  ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒo·a­a¥Ò3±æ·¥aÚ ̧ ̈3Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ øÆa a21⁄2± ́Æø1ao  ̈± °øß ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ø ̈ ̈a2 ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ±21±·21 oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a –Æ±°±­ao Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2  ̈± Œao ́1⁄2a ¤3·­­·±2­ ±o ‹·a­a¥ –øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a ”ø ̈ ̈aÆÙ ø2o — ̈ ̧aÆ 

–±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­ ⁄Æ±3 ×2ÛÀ­a ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥Û⁄ ́a¥ao a ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ ø 

­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o –Æ±1Æø3Ûa¥·1·æ¥a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

ÓÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·aÀ2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ù ø ç¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈å ·­ oao·2ao ø­  ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÛ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 

·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±°±­a­  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21Ú 

Ã ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ¥·­ ̈­  ̈ ̧a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ø2o 3øß 2± ̈ °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 3øμa 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2 oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú ×o 

ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©ø2 ̈­  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß oa­1⁄2Æ·æa  ̈ ̧a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa ̄­ ̃ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù ø¥±21 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa ̄­ ̃ °Æ±°±­aoÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Îð ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øßÙ ø ̈ · ̈­ o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2Ù a®°ø2o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ¥·­ ̈ ±o ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 

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 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o 

 ̈ ̧±­a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ·2 Æao ́1⁄2·21 a3·­­·±2­Ú 

ø ̃ Ãa1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMaÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a · ̈­ ­± ́Æ1⁄2aÛ1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °Æ±°±­ø¥ æß 

·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈·21 ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ê 

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 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

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ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ±° ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú ×o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

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o ́2o·21  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ́ ̈·¥·¶a  ̈ ̧a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o ́2o·21  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±©aÆ 

a3·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­  ̄·ÚaÚÙ ø2ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­  ̈ ̧a 3·2·3 ́3 

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ÆaØ ́·Æa æ ́ ̈ ±ooaÆ­ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o ́2o­ o±Æ æ± ̈ ̧ o·a­a¥ –” ø2o “—® 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­Â ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 °øß·21  ̧ÎÙððð °aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈±©øÆo­  ̈ ̧a –” 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ a¥a3a2 ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±TM·o·21 ­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈ø¥ o ́2o·21 oÆ±3 ø2± ̈ ̧aÆÙ 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ “—® 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú ⁄±¥¥±©·21 flŒfi ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±©aÆ a3·­­·±2 –”Ò“—® 

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Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÎÔ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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±ooaÆ­ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o ́2o­ o±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ 1ø­Â ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 °øß·21  ́° 

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ø2± ̈ ̧aÆÙ 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ·21⁄2Æa3a2 ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o 2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ 1ø­Ú ⁄±¥¥±©·21 flŒfi 

ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

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ø­  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ ¥·­ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i ...· ̈ ̧·2 ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2Ù ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ±ooaÆ 2±2Û

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 ±Æ  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­  ̄¥·μa 1¥±æø¥ °±­· ̈·±2·21 

­ß­ ̈a3­ ±Æ Æøo·±ÛoÆaØ ́a21⁄2ß ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 oaTM·1⁄2a­ ̃Ú ×2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­aÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± 3±2· ̈±Æ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

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·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù TMa­­a¥­ ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o °aÆ·±o·1⁄2 oø ̈ø Æa°±Æ ̈­Ú 

i ...· ̈ ̧·2 ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2Ù ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ±ooaÆ 2±2Û

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ß  ́°1Æøoa­Ù ¥·μa øaÆ±oß2ø3·1⁄2 oaTM·1⁄2a­ ±2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

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ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ø 

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 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆ­ o±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o  ̈±  ̧·Æa ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß  ̈± Æ ́2 

ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ °Æ±1Æø3Ú ¤ø1⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a ·­ ø2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a · ̈­ ­± ́Æ1⁄2aÛ1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °Æ±°±­ø¥ æß 

·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈·21 ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ê 

i ...· ̈ ̧·2 ø ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ±Æ ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2Ù ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß 

°Æ±°±­a ø 1⁄2±3æ·2ø ̈·±2 ±o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­  ̈±  ̈øÆ1a ̈ Æa1⁄2Æ ́· ̈3a2 ̈ ±o 

a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o o ́2o­ o±Æ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

3øß ø¥­± ø°°¥ß o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± æa øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao ·2 o ́¥¥ ±Æ ·2 °øÆ ̈ æß ø  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß 

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ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o oaøo¥·2a­ ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfiÚ fl2ß  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß ±TMaÆ ̧aøo ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

1⁄2± ́2 ̈ ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø° a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

o ́2o­Ú 

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±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÎÓ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ –Æ±1⁄2ao ́ÆaÒ°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMaÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a · ̈­ ­± ́Æ1⁄2aÛ1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °Æ±°±­ø¥ æß 

·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈·21 ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ê 

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o ̃ Ÿa±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ 

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› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÎÎ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

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› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÎÈ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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o ̃ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a 

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·oa2 ̈·o·ao æa¥±©Ú 

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° ́æ¥·­ ̧ao ̃Ú 

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i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ÆaTM·a© °aÆ·±oÚ 

i ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ©aæ°±­ ̈·21Ú 

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i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 °aÆ·±o  ̄ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

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i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 

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a ̃ ⁄ ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

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› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÎË ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

i ⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ù  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈Ù ø2ß 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±Æ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

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a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

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ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

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i Ï ̊ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈ o±Æ  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú 

i Î ̊ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

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 ̈a¥a° ̧±2a ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ú 

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 ́­a a®·­ ̈·21 °±¥·1⁄2·a­ ø2o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa 3±o·o·ao  ̈± Æao¥a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a  ́2·Ø ́a 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

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 ̄© ̧aÆaTMaÆ °±­­·æ¥a ̃ Æa1øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ©·¥¥  ́­a  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

°Æ±TM·­·±2Ú 

i Õ ́°°±Æ ̈ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ›±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ 3øÆμa ̈·21 ø2o ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao 

± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ ø2o ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a  ̈± ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆÛ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­ ̃Ú 

i ŒaTM·a© ø2o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ©aæ °±­ ̈·21 ̃Ú 

i Õa¥a1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ̃Ú 

i ›±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ­Ú 

i “± ̈·oß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ¤2­ ́Æa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a © ̧aÆa ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÚ 

i ›±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o 2a© ±Æ  ́°1Æøoao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ oÆ±3 flŒfiÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Íð ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·2TM±·1⁄2a­ ø2o ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ oÆ±3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ 

°øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ ø2o Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈­ ̃Ú 

i ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ú 

i ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ø­­a­­ ±2Û1±·21 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú 

i –Æ±TM·oa ÆaØ ́·Æao Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈± flŒfi  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ­ ́æ3· ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

oø ̈ø a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2ø¥¥ß © ̧a2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ̃Ú 

i –øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2 –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o o·­1⁄2ø¥ ø ́o· ̈­Ú 

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·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o oa¥·TMaÆ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß Æa­ ́¥ ̈­  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××ÚfiÚÌ ̃Ú 

ÏÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2­ 

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oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

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o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈± ­·12 ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈± ­·12Òa®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

i Ã ̧a ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o ø 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·­ ̈ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ o ́2o·21 ø2o ø æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈± ­·12Òa®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

›Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŸÆø2 ̈ fl1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ø2o ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ øÆa oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ 

××Ú‹ÚÔð øæ±TMaÚ 
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› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÔ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

‹Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

ÔÚ ›±33 ́2· ̈ß ø2o ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 

ø ̃ ›±33 ́2· ̈ß 3aa ̈·21­ 

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fl ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·oa2 ̈·oß © ̧a2 ø2o © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a 

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æÆ·ao ­ ́33øÆß ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±33a2 ̈­ Æa1⁄2a·TMaoÚ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± 1⁄2±Û ̧±­ ̈·21 ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ±2a 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 

3aa ̈·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ßaøÆ  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa  ́°oø ̈a­ ±2  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

æ ̃ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø2o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ao ­ ̈øμa ̧±¥oaÆ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 

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·2TM±¥TM·21  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø2o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ao ­ ̈øμa ̧±¥oaÆ­ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±°±­ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

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flŒfi ©aæ­· ̈a  ̄ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©aæ­· ̈aÙ ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©aæ­· ̈a 

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·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ê 

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i ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­Ú 

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› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÓ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÓÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3øÆμa ̈·21  ̈±±¥­ 

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ø ̃ ”øÆμa ̈·21  ̈±±¥­ 

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i ‹aTMa¥±° ø2o 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ¥·­ ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ao °øÆ ̈·a­Ú 

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o ́2oao æß  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±1Æø3 1⁄2ø2 ±2¥ß æa ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­ao ±Æ ±ÆoaÆao ±21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ·­ 

­·12ao æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

i Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÆaTM·a© ø2o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ã ̧a °øß3a2 ̈ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ·2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­ ø2o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ 

 ̄ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

i Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚ 

i Ã ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ±21±·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø ́o· ̈·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

ÏÚ ŒaTM·a© ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈a2 ̈Ù 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·­ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·2 1±±o oø· ̈ ̧Ù 1⁄2Æao·æ¥aÙ ±Æ ·2 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

fl ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaTM·a© ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

i fl­­·123a2 ̈ ±o ø  ́2·Ø ́a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 ° ́Æ°±­a­ ø­ 

­°a1⁄2·o·ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÎ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i ‹a ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ oø ̈ø ø2o ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a æa2ao· ̈­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 

1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø°°Æ±TMao flŒfi 3a ̈ ̧±o­ øÆa ·21⁄2¥ ́oaoÚ 

ÎÚ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ 1⁄2±3æ·2a o ́2o·21 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 

›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 ±2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̄·ÚaÚÙ o ́2o­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao 

 ́2oaÆ ÿ ̇Õ yÏÏðÁÔÚÔ ̄ø ̃ ø2o – ́æ¥·1⁄2 Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ›±oa yÏÓËËÁ ̃Ú 

×2 Æa­°±2­a  ̈± ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo  ̧ø­ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ­±3a ç°ø­­Û

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧å TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 3øß ø¥­± 

æa  ́­ao o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú À2oaÆ flfi ÁÓÌ  ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÈðÈÙ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o 

ÓððÏ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a ±2  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­ao o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ±o 

–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 Ôfi °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2TM±¥TM·21  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄21⁄2a¥aÆø ̈ao Æa ̈·Æa3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆ·21Ù ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ̈·21 

±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ›±2TMaÆ­a¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa  ́­ao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ 

o ́2o·21 ±2 2±2Û3± ̈±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù 1⁄2øÆ1± ­ ̧·°­Ù 

ø2o ±ooÛÆ±øo 1⁄2øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 3øß æa 1⁄2±3æ·2ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

·o ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ øÆa 3a ̈Ê  ̄ø ̃  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃  ̈± æa 

o ́2oao ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ±2¥ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù  ̄æ ̃  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3aa ̈­ æ± ̈ ̧ æ±2o –Æ±1Æø3 

a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ o ́2o·21 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·øÙ  ̄1⁄2 ̃  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±a­ 

2± ̈ a®1⁄2aao  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ –Æ±1Æø3 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ¥·3· ̈Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 æ± ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o flfiÁÓÌ o ́2o­Ù ø2o  ̄o ̃  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a o ́2o­ øÆa 2± ̈ 

1⁄2± ́2 ̈ao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ø2 ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈é­ ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈Ú 

⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ·2TMa­ ̈ao 3 ́­ ̈  ̈Æaø ̈ æ± ̈ ̧ æ±2o 

–Æ±1Æø3 3±2·a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 3±2·a­ ø­ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­ ­·21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 

3±2·a­ ©± ́¥o ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a æa  ́­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ”±ßaÆ –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

ÍÚ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥  ́­a ø Ø ́ø2 ̈· ̈ø ̈·TMa ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± oaTMa¥±° ø 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ 

±o a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ©·¥¥ æa ø°°¥·ao  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ ø2o o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ Ã ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈± Æø2μ ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa æø­ao 

±2  ̈ ̧a Ø ́ø2 ̈· ̈ø ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­ flŒfi ©·¥¥  ́­a  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú‹ÚÍ °Æ±TM·oa­ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ a®°¥ø2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a a¥a3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 

ø2o ⁄·1 ́Æa Ô ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·¥¥ ́­ ̈Æø ̈a­  ̧±©  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ©±Æμ­Ú 

Ã ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Ø ́ø2 ̈· ̈ø ̈·TMa æø­ao ±2 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ä a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o ø 3aø­ ́Æa ±o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ­ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ú Ã ̧a 

1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́­a­  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 °Æ± ̈±1⁄2±¥ ±o ©a·1 ̧ ̈·21 

1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 –” a3·­­·±2­  ̄a­­a2 ̈·ø¥¥ß o·a­a¥ –” ̃ æß ø oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±o Óð Æa¥ø ̈·TMa  ̈± ± ̈ ̧aÆ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÍ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

°±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈aÆ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o –” °aÆ  ̈±2 ±o a3·­­·±2­Ú Ã ̧·­ 

°Æ± ̈±1⁄2±¥  ̧a¥°­  ̈øÆ1a ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μÚ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ° ́æ¥·­ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ ±o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß 

©aæ­· ̈a ø2o °Æ±TM·oa ø ¥·2μ  ̈± flŒfié­ –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

ø ̃ ¤3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­1⁄2±Æa 

⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ a­ ̈·3ø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈Û©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÙ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fia2ao· ̈­ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±ÆÚ 

¤3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ „ Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 “—® ı  ̄1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 –” ® Óð ̃ a3·­­·±2­ ·2 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ·2 °± ́2oÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ¥·­ ̈ ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ø2o 

a¥·1·æ¥a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ·2 oa­1⁄2a2o·21 ±ÆoaÆ ±o 

a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2  ̈±° ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±©a­ ̈ 

a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3Ú Ã ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ ­1⁄2±Æa aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3 ©· ̈ ̧ ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o Ô ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́·21 1⁄2±2­a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ·o  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa Ë °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­Ù  ̈ ̧a ±2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ©± ́¥o Æa1⁄2a·TMa ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o ËÚ 

 

¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 Õ1⁄2±Æa „ 2 ́3æaÆ oÆ±3 øæ±TMa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 

æ ̃ ›±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ­1⁄2±Æa 

⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a© 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ a­ ̈·3ø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈Û©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 

°± ́2o­  ̄ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao øæ±TMa ̃Ù o·TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 °Æ±°±­ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã± ̈ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù °¥ ́­ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a 

o±¥¥øÆ­ ä ­aa o·­1⁄2 ́­­·±2  ́2oaÆ › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú‹ÚÎ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ⁄ ́2o·21Ù ±2  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó 

TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a  ́2oaÆ flfi ÁÓÌ ø­ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ­Ú 

›±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ „ ©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̄¥æ­ ̃Ò ̈± ̈ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a  ̧

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a¥·1·æ¥a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ·2 oa­1⁄2a2o·21 ±ÆoaÆ ±o 

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› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÈ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

1⁄2 ̃ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 

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 ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 1·TMa o ́2o·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧aÆ­Ú 

o ̃ fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o øTMø·¥øæ¥a o ́2o·21

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o±©2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ¥·­ ̈  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­ øÆa a® ̧ø ́­ ̈aoÚ 

a ̃ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈

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1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ¥·­ ̈Ù ·o øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o ́2o­ æa1⁄2±3a øTMø·¥øæ¥aÚ ⁄ ́2o­ 3øß æa1⁄2±3a 

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fl­ o ́2o·21 æa1⁄2±3a­ øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3øμa ø Æaø­±2øæ¥a aoo±Æ ̈  ̈± 

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1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ¥·­ ̈  ̈±  ̄ø ̃ oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ·­ ­ ̈·¥¥ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ao ·2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·21 ·2 

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ø Æaø­±2øæ¥a aoo±Æ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±1⁄2aao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 2a® ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a 

æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈Ú 

ÈÚ ›±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ 

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aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ o±a­ 2± ̈  ̧øTMa ø2ß 

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1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ a3ø·¥  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± 

oa­·12ø ̈ao flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̈øooÊ 
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› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍË ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i “ø3a ±o Æa1·­ ̈aÆao ±©2aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i “ø3a ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ  ̄·o o·ooaÆa2 ̈ ̃Ú 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a ¥·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ÿ·1 ̧©øß –ø ̈Æ±¥ 2 ́3æaÆ  ̄›fl “ ́3æaÆ ̃Ú 

i ÀÚÕÚ ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ÃÆø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ ×2 ̈aÆ­ ̈ø ̈a ›±33aÆ1⁄2a ›±33·­­·±2 

2 ́3æaÆÚ 

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ø1a21⁄2·a­ øÆa a21⁄2± ́Æø1ao  ̈± ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a­a oø ̈ø ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥a øo ̈aÆ Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ©±Æμ ©· ̈ ̧ ¤2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ‹·TM·­·±2 ­ ̈øoo  ̈± ±æ ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

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oøß­Ú 

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ËÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

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i ›±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o æø­a¥·2a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2 ­ ̧·° ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æaÆ ̈ ̧ ±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±° ±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆÚ 

i – ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2Ù o·1· ̈ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o·¥a ±o aø1⁄2 ̧ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

æa·21 °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈aoÚ Ã ̧a ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

± Ã ̧a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a  ̄·o ¥a1·æ¥a ̃ ±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

2 ́3æaÆÚ 

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aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÁ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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i ‹a­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 3a ̈ ̧±o o±Æ 1⁄2ø ̈ø¥±1·21Ù ÆaoaÆa21⁄2·21Ù ­ ̈±Æ·21Ù ø2o 

aø­·¥ß Æa ̈Æ·aTM·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Û­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ° ̧± ̈±­Ú 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 æß 3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́­ø1a  ̄ ̧± ́Æ­ ±Æ 3·¥a­ ̃Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

 ́­ø1a Æa°±Æ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·­ Æaø­±2øæ¥a 1·TMa2  ̈ ̧a  ́­ø1a 

3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21Ú 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a21·2a ·­ ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥  ̄©· ̈ ̧ ø ­ ̈øÆ ̈Û ́° ̃ ø2o ·­ ©±Æμ·21 øoa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̄o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ø2o  ́­a ̃Ú 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a21·2a­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­±o ̈©øÆa  ́°1Æøoa­ o±Æ o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̄·ÚaÚ 1⁄2 ̧·° Æao¥ø­ ̧ ̃  ̧øTMa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao  ̈ ̧a  ́°1ÆøoaÚ 

ÁÚ “± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú “± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·2 ©Æ· ̈·21Ù ø2o ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø Æaø­±2øæ¥a  ̈·3a øo ̈aÆ 

 ̈ ̧a a2o ±o  ̈ ̧a ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 

fl ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i fl 1⁄2¥aøÆ ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ±Æ 2± ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ×o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ a¥·1·æ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø 1⁄2¥aøÆ ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ 

·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©ø­ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ o ́2o·21 ±Æ °¥ø1⁄2ao ±2  ̈ ̧a 

æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ o ́2oaoÙ  ̈ ̧a 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ø3± ́2 ̈ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Û ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 ø °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

Û ‘ø21 ́ø1a ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ·­ 1⁄2±2 ̈·21a2 ̈ ±2 °ø­­·21  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

Û ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø°°¥ß·21 o±Æ 

o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ù °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù 

oaøo¥·2a­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ ±æ ̈ø·2·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ·2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ °¥ø1⁄2ao ±2  ̈ ̧a æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥ o±Æ o ́ ̈ ́Æa o ́2o·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ æa·21 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21Ù  ̈ ̧a 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ø°°¥ß o±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa o ́2o·21 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈·a­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ·2 

o ́ ̈ ́Æa ßaøÆ­Ú 

ÔðÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a o ́2o­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú Ã ̧a­a o ́2o·21 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa1⁄2±3a ¥a1ø¥¥ß a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Èð ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧·2 ±2a ßaøÆ o±¥¥±©·21 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ ⁄±Æ 

⁄«ÓððÈÛðËÙ ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÔË 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æa°øÆa ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ o±Æ ÆaTM·a© ø2o ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa  ̈©± ­·12ao 1⁄2±°·a­ 

±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈± æa ­·12ao æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ flo ̈aÆ ø2 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­·12­  ̈©± 1⁄2±°·a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

Æa ̈ø·2 ±2a o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±°ß o±Æ · ̈­ o·¥a­Ù ø2o Æa ̈ ́Æ2 ±2a o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±°ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ê 

ø ̃ Õ ̈ø2oøÆo 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

i ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆâ ́2·Ø ́a  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 2 ́3æaÆ °Æ±TM·oao æß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa oø ̈aÚ 

i ÃaÆ3 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ×2oa32·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± ·2oa32·oß ø2o  ̧±¥o  ̧øÆ3¥a­­ flŒfi ø2o 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ ø2ß ¥·øæ·¥· ̈ß øÆ·­·21 ± ́ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆÚ

i ÕaTMaÆøæ·¥· ̈ßâÆa3ø·2·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a ·2 aooa1⁄2 ̈ aTMa2 ·o ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 

 ̧±¥o­ ø ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °Æ±TM·­·±2 ·2TMø¥·oÚ 

i ⁄±Æ1⁄2a 3ø¶a ́ÆaâflŒfiÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·øæ¥a o±Æ oa¥øß ±Æ 

oø·¥ ́Æa ·2 °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 oÆ±3 ø1⁄2 ̈­ æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú 

i ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø3a2o3a2 ̈­âø3a2o3a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ æß 3 ́ ̈ ́ø¥ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·2 

©Æ· ̈·21 ø2o ­·12ao æß ø¥¥ °øÆ ̈·a­Ú 

æ ̃ Ÿa2aÆø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

i fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Û·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈a æß ÆaoaÆa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­â aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈·21 ø22 ́ø¥ 

Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

i —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ø ́o· ̈­â aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø¥¥±© ±21±·21 

aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ø ́o· ̈­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ 

±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ oa­·12ø ̈ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ̄­ ̃Ú 

i Œa1⁄2±Æo­ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ 

flŒfiÙ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ oa­·12ø ̈ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ̄­ ̃ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ±Æ ø ́o· ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 

Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ú

i Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± Æa ̈ø·2 ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2±Æo­ 

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 ̈©± ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ a2o­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ o·2ø¥ °øß3a2 ̈Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ 

·­ ¥ø ̈aÆÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÔ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i ¤2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈â°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶·21  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

 ̈± a2o±Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3­Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

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1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

± ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈Òa21·2a ·­ 2±2Û±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ±Æ 3ø¥o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2·21Ú 

± ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ú 

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·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao oaTM·1⁄2a ±Æ oø ̈øÚ 

± ”·­ ́­a ±o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ú 

± ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ±Æ oø ́¥ ̈ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

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i Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

± Œa1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o o ́2o­Ú 

± — ̈ ̧aÆ o·­1⁄2ø¥ °a2ø¥ ̈·a­ ±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ­aTMaÆ· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 

2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚ 

± ›ø21⁄2a¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

± fl æø2 ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2 o ́ ̈ ́Æa Õ ̈ø ̈a 

·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

± –Æ± ̧·æ· ̈·21 ø ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oÆ±3 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·21 ·2 ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈Æø2­oaÆ °Æ±TM·­·±2­â°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ø¥¥±©·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø2­oaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3­  ̈± ø 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

i ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± oaø¥aÆ­ ±Æ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ­âø¥¥±©ø21⁄2a o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °øß3a2 ̈­ 

 ̈± 1± o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈± TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oaø¥aÆ­ ±Æ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø­a ±o 

ø°°Æ±TMao o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­Ú 

i ×2oa°a2oa2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±ÆâaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·­ ø2 ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ø2o 2±2a ±o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ ø1a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́ao ø­ ø1a2 ̈­ ±Æ a3°¥±ßaa­ ±o flŒfi ±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2aâaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21 –Æ±1Æø3Û

o ́2oao a21·2a­ ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 

3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i Ã·3a ·­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a­­a21⁄2aâ ̈·3a ·­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a­­a21⁄2a ·2  ̈ ̧a °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ±o ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i –Æ±1Æø3 ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao13a2 ̈âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

ø­ ø o ́2o·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ·2 ø2ß Æa¥ø ̈ao 3ao·ø aTMa2 ̈­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2· ̈ß 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥Ú

1⁄2 ̃ Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÛ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 a¥a3a2 ̈­ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ æÆaøμo±©2  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÒaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­aÙ ¥øæ±Æ o±Æ 

Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈Ò·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i ¤¥·1·æ¥a 1⁄2±­ ̈­ÛÛ1⁄2±­ ̈­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈·ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ±o flŒfiÛø°°Æ±TMao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÓ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i “±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­ ø2o ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ̄­ ̃ ±o  ̈ ̧±­a o ́2o­â·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ 1⁄2ø­ ̧Ù ·2Ûμ·2oÙ ±Æ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 

i ×2a¥·1·æ¥a 1⁄2±­ ̈­â1⁄2±­ ̈­ 2± ̈ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈·ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ±o flŒfiÛø°°Æ±TMao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a æa21⁄2 ̧3øÆμ­â ̈ ̧a a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ø2o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

±o ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

2a©Ò ́°1Æøoao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± o·2ø¥ °øß3a2 ̈Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aâ ̈·3aoÆø3a ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 3ø¶±Æ 

3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ú 

i Õ1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a  ̈± a®°a2o o ́2o­âa­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

i ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈â­ ̈a°­ ÆaØ ́·Æao o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 

±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ßÒ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2aâaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ­a1⁄2 ́Æ·21 

©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ø2o 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21 ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a ±2  ̈ ̧a 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈  ̈± Æa°øß  ̈ ̧a 

Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ ·2TMa­ ̈3a2 ̈ ·2 1⁄2ø­a ±o 3ø¶±Æ oø3ø1aÚ 

i ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­â°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ÆaØ ́·Æ·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± ø1Æaa  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o  ́­a ±o ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

ÔÔÚ Ãø® Æa°±Æ ̈·21 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø¥¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o oaoaÆø¥  ̈ø® Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °øß3a2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ú Ã ̧·­ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 

ÆaØ ́·Æ·21  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o  ̈ø® ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ́­·21 oaoaÆø¥  ̈ø® ⁄±Æ3 ...ÛÁÙ ø2o ·­­ ́·21 ø 

oaoaÆø¥ ⁄±Æ3 ÔðÁÁ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± Æa°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈ø® ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ⁄Æø21⁄2 ̧·­a Ãø® fi±øÆo 

ø2o oaoaÆø¥ ×2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ ŒaTMa2 ́a ÕaÆTM·1⁄2aÚ 

ÔÓÚ –Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈±  ́­a ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 ̄­ ̃ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2 o±Æ æ± ̈ ̧  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ú fl oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 

°Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú ‘aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 

°Æ±1Æø3­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 3·2·3 ́3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ê 

i Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa ­·12ao ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ø2o 3 ́­ ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± æa Æa°¥ø1⁄2ao ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±°±­ao ¥a­­aaÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̧±¥o æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø2o ¥a­­aa ¥a1ø¥¥ß 

¥·øæ¥a  ̄·ÚaÚ ¶±·2 ̈¥ß ø2o ­aTMaÆø¥¥ß ̃ o±Æ 1⁄2±3°¥ß·21 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o –Æ±1Æø3 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÌ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 3øß ø¥¥±© 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 °Æ±TM·­·±2­  ̈± ø°°¥ß ­±¥a¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̄aÚ1Ú o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ̃ ±Æ ¥a­­aa  ̄aÚ1Ú ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ̃Ù ­± ¥±21 ø­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2­  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± a2o±Æ1⁄2a ø¥¥ 

Æa3ao·a­ o±Æ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o o ́2o­ 

±Æ Æa°±­­a­­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ·o 2a1⁄2a­­øÆßÚ 

Û fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ø¥­± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ ­a°øÆø ̈a ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ  ̄¥a­­aa ̃Ú ×2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­aÙ æ± ̈ ̧ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ 

3 ́­ ̈ ­°a1⁄2·oß  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̈± a2o±Æ1⁄2a ø¥¥ 

Æa3ao·a­ o±Æ ø2ß ¥a­­aaé­ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a  ́2oaÆ ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ŸÆø2 ̈ o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß æa  ́­ao  ̈± ±oo­a ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø°· ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æao ́1⁄2a 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ·21⁄2·°ø¥ ±©ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­aa  ̈± ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ Ã ̧a ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ·3°±­a 

ø 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­aa o±Æ ø2ß °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø­ ø 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

¥aø­a °øß3a2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a ±©2aÆ 3øß ­a ̈ ø ¥aø­a °øß3a2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa1⁄2± ́°­  ̧·­ ±Æ 

 ̧aÆ ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ°±1⁄2μa ̈ ·2TMa­ ̈3a2 ̈  ̈± ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a  ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o ø Æaø­±2øæ¥a Æø ̈a ±o 

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­aÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ æa ø°°¥·ao 

 ̈±©øÆo øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

i fl­ ø Æa3aoß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ±o ø ¥a­­aa  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆÙ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ù 3øß  ̈Æø2­oaÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± ø 

2a© ¥a­­aaÙ ­± ¥±21 ø­  ̈ ̧a 2a© ¥a­­aa ø1Æaa­  ̈± ­·12 ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 

 ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ù o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·21 ·2 ø ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø­ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 o±Æ o ́2o·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ù ±Æ 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ù ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ 

°ÆaoaÆa2 ̈·ø¥¥ß o ́2o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 ä  ̈ ̧aß 3 ́­ ̈ 1⁄2±3°a ̈a ø1ø·2­ ̈ 

ø¥¥ ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ø2o  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ao ·2 °Æ±°±­·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3­ 

­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ ø ¥·­ ̈ ±o o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ oø ̈ø  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ æa 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

ÔÌÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2Æø° ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ ­1⁄2Æø°°ao  ̄°aÆ3ø2a2 ̈¥ß Æa3±TMao 

oÆ±3 ­aÆTM·1⁄2a ̃ ø2o ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥­ o·­°±­ao ±o ·2 ø2 a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥¥ß ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a 

3ø22aÆÙ ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o ø2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a oaoaÆø¥Ù ­ ̈ø ̈a ±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

¥ø©­Ù Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

Õ1⁄2Æø°°·21 ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ ø2o 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥ o·­°±­ø¥ ø°°¥·a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ­ ø2o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

i ÿøÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ­ ø2o TMa­­a¥ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o 

i ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ­ ø2o 2a© Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÏ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·21 ø¥¥ 

2a1⁄2a­­øÆß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ­1⁄2Æø°Òo·­°±­ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­  ̄aÚ1Ú o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ̃Ú 

fl¥¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao ø2o Æa1⁄2±Æoao 3 ́­ ̈ æa Æaøo·¥ß ø1⁄21⁄2a­­·æ¥a  ̈± TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­1⁄2Æø° 

ø2o o·­°±­ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ©aÆa 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a a21·2aÙ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ TMa­­a¥ ±Æ 

¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÚ ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± flŒfiÙ ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ 

±21±·21 °Æ±1Æø3 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ ø ́o· ̈­ ø­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆßÚ

Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao o±Æ ø¥¥ Æa°±©aÆ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ê 

i –Æ·±Æ  ̈± oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ æa ·2 ±°aÆøæ¥a ©±Æμ·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 øo±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã ̧a ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ a21·2a æ¥±1⁄2μ  ̄o±Æ Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ̃ ±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÒTMa­­a¥Ò¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÙ 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a oÆø3a ø2o a21·2a  ̄o±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ̃ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ° ̧ß­·1⁄2ø¥¥ß 

oa­ ̈Æ±ßao ·2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø 3ø22aÆ  ̈± a¥·3·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a °±­­·æ·¥· ̈ß ±o o ́ ̈ ́Æa ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú ¤21·2a 

æ¥±1⁄2μ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ° ́21⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaoÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ TMa­­a¥ ±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa oÆø3a ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa 

­ ̧ø¥¥ æa o·­3ø2 ̈¥aoÙ 1⁄2 ́ ̈ ø2oÒ±Æ oa3±¥·­ ̧ao  ̈± Æa2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́­a¥a­­  ̈± 

°ÆaTMa2 ̈ Æa°aø ̈ao  ́­aÚ 

i ‘·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ­ øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± a2 ̈aÆ ·2 ̈± ø2 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

 ̈± Ø ́ø¥·oß o±Æ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2Ú ‹·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ­ øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± æa ¥·1⁄2a2­ao æß  ̈ ̧a 

‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ”± ̈±Æ a ̧·1⁄2¥a­  ̄‹”  ̃  ̄o±Æ ø ́ ̈±Ûo·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ­ ̃Ù ø2o  ̧øTMa ø¥­±  ̧øTMa ø 

TMø¥·o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ –Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2 fl1a21⁄2ß  ̄›ø¥Ò¤–fl ̃ ÿø¶øÆo± ́­ ”ø ̈aÆ·ø¥­ 

Ÿa2aÆø ̈±Æ­ –aÆ3· ̈Ú ×2 øoo· ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ø2ß 

oaoaÆø¥Ù ­ ̈ø ̈a ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥ o·­°±­ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù °aÆ3· ̈­ ±Æ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o·21 ·­ 2± ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ ø2ß ­ø¥TMø1a ±Æ 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥ o·­°±­ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 

 ̧ø¶øÆo± ́­ ©ø­ ̈a øæø ̈a3a2 ̈ oaa­Ù ¥øæ±Æ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù o·2a­Ù °aÆ3· ̈­Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1aÆa­ ́¥ ̈·21 oÆ±3 oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±Æ o·­°±­ø¥Ú 

i fl¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈± æa ­1⁄2Æø°°ao 3 ́­ ̈  ̧øTMa ø 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ TM·­·æ¥aÙ ø2o ¥a1·æ¥a ­aÆ·ø¥ 

2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ ø ­ ̈ø3° ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ø°°¥·ao ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ±o 

°ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±ÆÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa 3 ́­ ̈ ±æ ̈ø·2 o·1· ̈ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ù ­aa æa¥±©Ù  ̈± 

a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a a21·2a ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·­  ̈ ̧a 

±2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­  ̈± æa ­1⁄2Æø°°aoÚ Ã ̧·­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °·1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa­  ̈± æa  ̈øμa2 

æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a a21·2a ·­ oa­ ̈Æ±ßao ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ ° ̧± ̈±­ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a a21·2a ·­ oa­ ̈Æ±ßaoÚ 

Ã ̧a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o ø2ß a21·2a ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ø TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ­ ̈ø3°ao ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 

o±a­ 2± ̈ o ́¥o·¥¥  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ °·a1⁄2a ±o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa2Ê 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÎ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Ãøæ¥a ÌÚÔ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ1⁄2Æø° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —° ̈·±2 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ Õ1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃ 

Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈

“± ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃ 

Œa°±©aÆ 

i Ã ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ o·­3ø2 ̈¥a ø2o oa­ ̈Æ±ß  ̈ ̧a ±¥o 

TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aé­ a21·2a ø2o oa­ ̈Æ±ß ©· ̈ ̧·2 Íð oøß­ ±o Æa1⁄2a·° ̈Ú Ã ̧a 

a21·2a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa o±2a ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ °Æ±1Æø3 

1 ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa 3 ́­ ̈ °Æ±TM·oa o·1· ̈ø¥ 

° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧­Ù oa­1⁄2Æ·æao æa¥±©Ù ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

±¥o a21·2aÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈ ̧a­a ° ̧± ̈±­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 

Ôð æ ́­·2a­­ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a æa·21 ­1⁄2Æø°°aoÚ 

i Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 o·1· ̈ø¥ ° ̧± ̈±­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa  ̈øμa2 ø2o ¥øæa¥ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o·¥aÊ 

ÔÚ ⁄Æ±2 ̈ ±o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©· ̈ ̧  ̧±±o o±©2Ú 

ÓÚ Œ·1 ̧ ̈ ­·oa ±o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©· ̈ ̧  ̧±±o o±©2Ú 

ÌÚ ‘ao ̈ ­·oa ±o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©· ̈ ̧  ̧±±o o±©2Ú 

ÏÚ ÕaÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ °Æ·2 ̈ao a· ̈ ̧aÆ ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̈ø1 ·2­·oa ·2  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2øæ ±Æ ±2  ̈ ̧a oÆø3a Æø·¥Ú 

ÎÚ ¤21·2a ­·oa TM·a©  ̄©· ̈ ̧·2 ø2o ± ́ ̈­·oa ±o a21·2a 

1⁄2±3°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ̃Ú 

ÍÚ ¤21·2a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ a· ̈ ̧aÆ ­ ̈ø3°ao ±2  ̈ ̧a æ¥±1⁄2μ ±Æ ±2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈ø1Ú 

ÈÚ ‹a­ ̈Æ±ßao a21·2a æ¥±1⁄2μ a· ̈ ̧aÆ ·2­·oa ±Æ ± ́ ̈­·oa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ æ±oßÚ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μÕaÆTM·21 

–±Æ ̈­ ø2o 

×2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ 

Œø·¥ «øÆoø2o 

— ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß 

‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃ 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao øæ±TMa o±Æ a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 3 ́­ ̈ ø¥­±Ê 

i › ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a ±¥o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a oÆø3a Æø·¥­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

2± ̈ æa  ́­ao ø1ø·2Ú 

i ÿøTMa o·1· ̈ø¥ ° ̧± ̈± o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̈± ­ ̧±©  ̈ ̧a ±¥o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©øo·­3ø2 ̈¥aoÒ oa­ ̈Æ±ßaoÚ 

i Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ o·¥a ø ×“  ̧±¥o ©· ̈ ̧ ‹” Ù ø2o ø 

ç“±2ÛŒa°ø·Æøæ¥a a ̧·1⁄2¥a ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈aå ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ‹” ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ 

ø 1⁄2±°ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ±o  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

— ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß 

‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ï ̃ 

Ã ̧ÆaaÛ©øß 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 

ÃÆø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

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±¥oaÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ 3 ́­ ̈Ê

i ‹·­3ø2 ̈¥a ø2o oa­ ̈Æ±ß  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aé­ a21·2a ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃ Æa°±©aÆÂ ø2o 

i ⁄±¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao øæ±TMa o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ú
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÍ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Ãøæ¥a ÌÚÔ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ1⁄2Æø° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —° ̈·±2 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ Õ1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ —° ̈·±2­ 

 ̄Ô ̃  ̇  ̄Ó ̃ 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ 

 ̄o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ̃ 

Ã ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ o·­3ø2 ̈¥a ø2o oa­ ̈Æ±ß  ̈ ̧a ±¥o 

¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2aÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa 3 ́­ ̈ °Æ±TM·oa o·1· ̈ø¥ 

° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧­Ù oa­1⁄2Æ·æao æa¥±©Ù ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

±¥o ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2aÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈ ̧a­a 

° ̧± ̈±­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ôð æ ́­·2a­­ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a æa·21 ­1⁄2Æø°°aoÚ 

i Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 o·1· ̈ø¥ °·1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa TM·a©­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa  ̈øμa2 ø2o ­ ̈±Æao 

ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a¥ß o±Æ ¥ø ̈aÆ ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2 Æa1⁄2±Æo o·¥a­Ê 

ÔÚ ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ‹—Ã 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±Æ aØ ́·TMø¥a2 ̈  ̈ø1 ̄­ ̃Ú 

ÓÚ ¤21·2a ­·oa TM·a©  ̄©· ̈ ̧·2 ±Æ ± ́ ̈­·oa ±o a21·2a 

1⁄2±3°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ̃Ú 

ÌÚ ¤21·2a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ a· ̈ ̧aÆ ­ ̈ø3°ao ±2  ̈ ̧a æ¥±1⁄2μ ±Æ ±2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈ø1Ú 

ÏÚ ‹a­ ̈Æ±ßao a21·2a æ¥±1⁄2μÚ

 ̄⁄±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ̃ 

i Ã ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ o·­3ø2 ̈¥a ø2o oa­ ̈Æ±ß  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a ©· ̈ ̧·2 Íð oøß­ ±o Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ±¥o 

¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2aÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa 3 ́­ ̈ °Æ±TM·oa o·1· ̈ø¥ 

° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧­Ù oa­1⁄2Æ·æao æa¥±©Ù ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

±¥o ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2aÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈ ̧a­a 

° ̧± ̈±­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ôð æ ́­·2a­­ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a æa·21 ­1⁄2Æø°°aoÚ 

i Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 o·1· ̈ø¥ °·1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa TM·a©­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa  ̈øμa2 ø2o ¥øæa¥ao ±Æ 

1⁄2ø ̈ø¥±1 ́ao ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a¥ß o±Æ ¥ø ̈aÆ ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2 Æa1⁄2±Æo o·¥a­Ê 

ÔÚ ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ‹—Ã 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±Æ aØ ́·TMø¥a2 ̈  ̈ø1 ̄­ ̃Ú 

ÓÚ ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa TM·a©­  ̄oÆ±2 ̈Ù ­·oaÙ ÆaøÆ ̃Ú 

ÌÚ ÕaÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ °Æ·2 ̈ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa 1⁄2 ̧ø­­·­Ú

ÏÚ ¤21·2a ­·oa TM·a©  ̄©· ̈ ̧·2 ±Æ ± ́ ̈­·oa ±o a21·2a 

1⁄2±3°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ̃Ú 

ÎÚ ¤21·2a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ a· ̈ ̧aÆ ­ ̈ø3°ao ±2  ̈ ̧a æ¥±1⁄2μ ±Æ ±2 

 ̈ ̧a  ̈ø1Ú 

ÍÚ ‹a­ ̈Æ±ßao a21·2a æ¥±1⁄2μ a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̄·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ±Æ Æa3±TMao oÆ±3 

a21·2a  ̧± ́­·21 øÆaø ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÈ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Ãøæ¥a ÌÚÔ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ1⁄2Æø° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —° ̈·±2 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ Õ1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

—° ̈·±2­ 

 ̄Ô ̃  ̇  ̄Ó ̃ 

 ̄­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2  ̈± 

Æa°±©aÆ ̃ 

i Ã ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ o·­3ø2 ̈¥a ø2o oa­ ̈Æ±ß  ̈ ̧a ±¥o 

TMa­­a¥ a21·2a ©· ̈ ̧·2 Íð oøß­ ±o Æa1⁄2a·° ̈Ú Ã ̧a a21·2a 

oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa o±2a ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ °Æ±1Æø3 

1 ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa 3 ́­ ̈ °Æ±TM·oa o·1· ̈ø¥ 

° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧­Ù oa­1⁄2Æ·æao æa¥±©Ù ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

±¥o TMa­­a¥ a21·2aÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈ ̧a­a ° ̧± ̈±­ 

©· ̈ ̧·2 Ôð æ ́­·2a­­ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a æa·21 ­1⁄2Æø°°aoÚ 

i Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ° ̧± ̈±­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa  ̈øμa2 ø2o ¥øæa¥ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

o·¥aÊ 

ÔÚ ÕaÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ °Æ·2 ̈ao a· ̈ ̧aÆ ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̈ø1 ·2­·oa  ̈ ̧a 3øÆ·2a 

TMa­­a¥ ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧a ×‹ ø2o ÀÕ ›±ø­ ̈ Ÿ ́øÆo Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̄·o 

ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

ÓÚ ¤21·2a ­·oa TM·a©  ̄©· ̈ ̧·2 ±Æ ± ́ ̈­·oa ±o a21·2a 1⁄2±3°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ̃Ú 

ÌÚ ¤21·2a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ a· ̈ ̧aÆ ­ ̈ø3°ao ±2  ̈ ̧a æ¥±1⁄2μ ±Æ ±2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈ø1Ú 

ÏÚ ‹a­ ̈Æ±ßao a21·2a æ¥±1⁄2μ a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̄·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ±Æ Æa3±TMao oÆ±3 

a21·2a  ̧± ́­·21 øÆaø ̃Ú 

ÎÚ ”øÆ·2a TMa­­a¥ ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ø1­ ø2o ° ̧± ̈±­  ̈øμa2 ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̧ ́¥¥ 

ø2o ­ ̈aÆ2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 3øÆ·2a TMa­­a¥Ú 

ÿøÆæ±Æ ›Æøo ̈ 

—° ̈·±2­ 

 ̄Ô ̃  ̇  ̄Ó ̃ 

 ̄øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

o±Æ 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈­ ̃ 

i ×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao øæ±TMa o±Æ  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ 

a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ TMa­­a¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 3 ́­ ̈ 

ø¥­±Ê 

i Ã ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­ao ­ø¥TMø1a ßøÆo 3 ́­ ̈ o·­3ø2 ̈¥a ø2o oa­ ̈Æ±ß  ̈ ̧a ±¥o 

TMa­­a¥ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Íð oøß­ ±o Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ±¥o TMa­­a¥Ú Ã ̧a 

oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa o±2a ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a –Æ±1Æø3 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i ÿøTMa ° ̧± ̈± o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̈± ­ ̧±© aTM·oa21⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a ±¥o TMa­­a¥ 

æa·21 oa­ ̈Æ±ßaoÚ 

ÔÏÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2 ø¥¥ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú

 

Ã ̧a °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ æao±Æa o·2ø¥ 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o·21 °øß3a2 ̈­ øÆa 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÙ ø2o øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ø TMø¥·o ·2TM±·1⁄2a 

oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©ø­ ø°°Æ±TMao o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± ø TMa2o±ÆÙ  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈Û

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ìð oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ß 

±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̄ ́2¥a­­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ­ ̈ø ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ̈øæ¥a ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈË ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

–±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ o±Æ ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ê 

i ›±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ 2ø3aÙ 3ø·¥·21 øooÆa­­ ø2o  ̈a¥a° ̧±2a 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a 

2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·oa2 ̈·o·aÆ­ ø2o ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̄aÚ1Ú ×“ 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ 

2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ­ o±Æ 2a© a21·2a­Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃ 

i ‹·1· ̈ø¥ ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ æa·21 °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o·¥aÚ Ã ̧·­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ

± fl ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2aÂ 

± fl ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ o·­ ̈·21 ́·­ ̧·21 ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

øÆa TM·­·æ¥a ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Â ø2o 

± fl ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa­  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̄·ÚaÚ  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈·Æa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ 

TMa­­a¥Ù ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÙ a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ æa·21 ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈aoÚ 

i ”a ̈ ̧±o­ o±Æ 1⁄2ø ̈ø¥±1·21Ù ÆaoaÆa21⁄2·21Ù ­ ̈±Æ·21Ù ø2o aø­·¥ß Æa ̈Æ·aTM·21 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧­Ú 

i ·­ ́ø¥ ©· ̈2a­­ ø2o TMaÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÒa21·2aÒaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø­ 

­ ̈ø ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ 3 ́­ ̈ TM·­ ́ø¥¥ß ©· ̈2a­­ ø2o TMaÆ·oß ø¥¥ a21·2a ­ ̈øÆ ̈ 

 ́° ø2o 3±æ·¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±°aÆø ̈·21 °Æ±°aÆ¥ßÚ 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ±¥oÒÆa°¥ø1⁄2ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̄a21·2aÙ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ TMa­­a¥Ù 

±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ̃Ù © ̧aÆa ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1a2aÆø¥ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ øæ±TMaÙ Ãøæ¥a ÌÚÓ °Æ±TM·oaøoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

±° ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÁ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Ãøæ¥a ÌÚÓ –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —° ̈·±2 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃ 

Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

i “ø3a ±o Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆÚ 

i –Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ”±2 ̈ ̧ ø2o ßaøÆ  ̈ ̧a oaTM·1⁄2a ©ø­ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æao  ̄·o 2± ̈ ¥·­ ̈ao 

±2 Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ¥øæa¥Ù ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 1⁄2ø2 æa ±æ ̈ø·2ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 

Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ æß ÆaoaÆa21⁄2a  ̈± ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ̃Ú 

i ‹¤›Õ oø3·¥ß 2ø3aÚ 

i ¤21·2a oø3·¥ß 2ø3a ø2o 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ‹ø ̈a­ ±o © ̧a2 Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a ©ø­ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao  ̄­ ̈øÆ ̈ ø2o 

a2o ̃Ú 

i “ø3a ø2o øooÆa­­ ±o 1⁄2±3°ø2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao  ̈ ̧a oaTM·1⁄2aÚ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃ 

Œa°±©aÆ 

i ”±2 ̈ ̧ ø2o ßaøÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a21·2a ©ø­ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaoÚ 

i flooÆa­­ ø2o 2ø3a ±o 1⁄2±3°ø2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao  ̈ ̧a 

Æa°±©aÆao a21·2aÚ 

i Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ø2o a2o oø ̈a­  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥  ̈ ̧·­ Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ›±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a© 

a21·2a ·­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao  ̈± ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i ¤21·2a oø3·¥ß 2ø3a ø2o 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μÕaÆTM·21 –±Æ ̈­ 

ø2o ×2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ 

Œø·¥ «øÆo­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃ 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a  ̈ß°aÚ 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 2 ́3æaÆ  ̄ ×“ ̃Ú 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

i ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21  ̄Ÿ ...Œ ̃Ú 

i ⁄ ́a¥  ̈ß°aÚ 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a ¥·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈aÚ 

i ›fl  ̧·1 ̧©øß °ø ̈Æ±¥ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a oø3·¥ß 2ø3a ø2o 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÙ a21·2a ßaøÆÚ 

i ›±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a© 

a21·2a ·­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao  ̈± ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ú 

— ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß 

‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃ 

Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

i “ø3a ±o Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆÚ 

i –Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ”±2 ̈ ̧ ø2o ßaøÆ  ̈ ̧a oaTM·1⁄2a ©ø­ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æao  ̄·o 2± ̈ ¥·­ ̈ao 

±2 Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ¥øæa¥Ù ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 3øß æa ±æ ̈ø·2ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 

Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ æß ÆaoaÆa21⁄2a  ̈± ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ̃Ú 

i ‹¤›Õ oø3·¥ß 2ø3aÚ 

i ¤21·2a oø3·¥ß 2ø3a ø2o 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ‹ø ̈a ±o © ̧a2 Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a ©ø­ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥aoÚ 

i “ø3a ø2o øooÆa­­ ±o 1⁄2±3°ø2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao  ̈ ̧a oaTM·1⁄2aÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Ëð ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Ãøæ¥a ÌÚÓ –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

—° ̈·±2 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃ 

Œa°±©aÆ 

i ”±2 ̈ ̧ ø2o ßaøÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a21·2a ©ø­ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaoÚ 

i flooÆa­­ ø2o 2ø3a ±o 1⁄2±3°ø2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao  ̈ ̧a 

Æa°±©aÆao a21·2aÚ 

i Ã ̧a ­ ̈øÆ ̈ oø ̈a ø2o a2o oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧·­ 

Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ›±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a© 

a21·2a ·­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao  ̈± ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i ¤21·2a oø3·¥ß 2ø3a ø2o 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃ 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a  ̈ß°aÚ 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 2 ́3æaÆ  ̄ ×“ ̃Ú 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

i ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21  ̄Ÿ ...Œ ̃Ú 

i ⁄ ́a¥  ̈ß°aÚ 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a ¥·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈aÚ 

i ›fl  ̧·1 ̧©øß °ø ̈Æ±¥ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a oø3·¥ß 2ø3a ø2o 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÙ a21·2a ßaøÆÚ 

i ›±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a© 

a21·2a ·­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao  ̈± ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ú 

— ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß 

‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ 

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ï ̃ 

Ã ̧ÆaaÛ©øß 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 

ÃÆø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

ˆÕaa ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ °±­ ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

 ̄ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 2a©aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μâ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ fl ̃ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

 ̄ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 2a© ”« ÓððÈ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ä ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ › ̃Ú

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Ò 

o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 

1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ 

Õaa 

fl°°a2o·® Ÿ 

Õaa fl°°a2o·® ŸÚ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃ 

Õ©· ̈1⁄2 ̧aÆ­ 

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—° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃ 

‘·2aÛ ̧ø ́¥­ 

i ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a 3 ́­ ̈ æa ±°aÆø ̈ao  ́2oaÆ · ̈­ ±©2 °±©aÆ 

 ́2oaÆ ¥±øoao 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú 

i ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù a21·2a ßaøÆ ø2o ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ 

Æa°±©aÆ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ø2o a2o oø ̈a­ ±o © ̧a2 ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ©ø­ Æa°±©aÆaoÚ 

i flooÆa­­ ø2o 2ø3a ±o 1⁄2±3°ø2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa°±©aÆao  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2aÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÔ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Ãøæ¥a ÌÚÓ –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

—° ̈·±2 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃ 

ŸÆ·o æø­ao 

­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ 

i fl ­ ̧·° 3 ́­ ̈ æa °¥ ́11ao ·2 ̈± æaÆ ̈ ̧  ̈± oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ ·2 °Æ±°aÆ ©±Æμ·21 ±ÆoaÆÚ 

i ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Íð oøß­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 

Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­aÆTMa­  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈a2oao æaÆ ̈ ̧Ú 

Õ ̧±Æa –±©aÆ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃ 

“±2Û1Æ·o 

æø­ao ­ ̧±Æa 

°±©aÆ 

i Õ ̧·° 3 ́­ ̈ æa °¥ ́11ao ·2 ̈± æaÆ ̈ ̧  ̈± oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ ·2 °Æ±°aÆ ©±Æμ·21 ±ÆoaÆÚ 

i ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Íð oøß­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 

Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­aÆTMa­  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈a2oao æaÆ ̈ ̧ ̄­ ̃Ú 

—° ̈·±2­ 

 ̄Ô ̃  ̇  ̄Ó ̃ 

Œa°±©aÆ 

i ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Íð oøß­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 

Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i ⁄±Æ ø¥¥ Æa°±©aÆao 3ø·2 a21·2a­Ù o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a a21·2a 

oø3·¥ß 2ø3aÙ a21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÙ ø2o ­aÆ·ø¥ 

2 ́3æaÆ ¥·­ ̈aoÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a o ́a¥  ̈ß°aÚ 

i ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o flŒfi a21·2a 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ø2o a2o oø ̈a­ ±o oÆß o±1⁄2μ  ̈·3aÚ 

i flooÆa­­ ø2o 2ø3a ±o 1⁄2±3°ø2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a 

Æa°±©aÆÚ 

›±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥ 

ÿøÆæ±Æ ›Æøo ̈ 

—° ̈·±2­ 

 ̄Ô ̃  ̇  ̄Ó ̃ 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

i ⁄±Æ ø¥¥ Æa°±©aÆao 3ø·2 a21·2a­Ù o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a a21·2a 

oø3·¥ß 2ø3aÙ a21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÙ ø2o ­aÆ·ø¥ 

2 ́3æaÆ ¥·­ ̈aoÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a o ́a¥  ̈ß°aÚ 

i Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ø2o a2o oø ̈a­ ±o oÆß o±1⁄2μ  ̈·3aÚ 

i flooÆa­­ ø2o 2ø3a ±o 1⁄2±3°ø2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa°¥ø1⁄2ao  ̈ ̧a 

a21·2a ̄­ ̃Ú 

i ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Áð oøß­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 

Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

›øÆ1± ÿø2o·21 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃ 

¤2aÆ1ß 

Õ ̈±Æø1a 

Õß­ ̈a3 

i “ø3a ±o Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆÚ 

i Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆÙ ø2o 3±2 ̈ ̧ÒßaøÆ ±o 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

i ×o a21·2a ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©ø­ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao  ̈± 3aa ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 

a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 1⁄2±21⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a2aÆ1ß ­ ̈±Æø1a 

­ß­ ̈a3Ê a21·2a oø3·¥ß 2ø3aÙ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÙ ­aÆ·ø¥ 

2 ́3æaÆÙ o ́a¥  ̈ß°aÙ ø2o  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆÂ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 2ø3aÙ ­aÆ·ø¥ 

2 ́3æaÆÙ oø ̈a ±o 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

ÔÎÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2oÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­ oÆ±3 flŒfi æß ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈·21 ø TMø¥·o ŸÆø2 ̈ 

¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ æß ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ø1⁄2 ̈·21  ́2oaÆ ø o ́¥¥ß 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŸÆø2 ̈ fl1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú flŒfié­ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ øÆa oa ̈ø·¥ao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú¤ÚÓÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÓ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÔÍÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa  ̧a¥o Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ø2o ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ øÆa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú¤ÚÈ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a 1 ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

¤Ú —æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­Ù ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­Ù ø2o ¤øÆ2ao ×2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

ÔÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 ±o o ́2o­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 

×2 ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË ±2¥ßÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ TM·ø a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ÔË 3±2 ̈ ̧­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŸÆø2 ̈ fl1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

flo ̈aÆ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðËÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 Ô ßaøÆ oÆ±3 

 ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŸÆø2 ̈ fl1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

“± ̈aÊ —21⁄2a ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 

3 ́­ ̈ æa ­°a2 ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧aß ÆaTMaÆ ̈ æø1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈­ ×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ øÆa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a oÆ±3 ÆaÛo·Æa1⁄2 ̈·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ oÆ±3 oø·¥ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ 

 ̈± ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

ÓÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

ø ̃ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 oaøo¥·2a­  ̈± ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

Ã ̧a­a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa oaøo¥·2a­ Æa°Æa­a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3  ̈·3a ø¥¥±©ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 oø ̈a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø2o 

1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ê 

i Ô ßaøÆ  ̈± TMaÆ·oß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ò1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o±Æ 1⁄2øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ÔË 3±2 ̈ ̧­  ̈± TMaÆ·oß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ò1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ 

ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ó ßaøÆ­  ̈± TMaÆ·oß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ò1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o 

2±2Û1Æ·o ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ì ßaøÆ­  ̈± TMaÆ·oß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ù ±æ ̈ø·2 ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ±2a ßaøÆ ±o oø ̈ø ±2 ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥  ́­aÙ 

ø2o 1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±° ±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ï ßaøÆ­  ̈± TMaÆ·oß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ò1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o 

1Æ·oÛæø­ao ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÌ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

æ ̃ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ Æa·3æ ́Æ­a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ o±Æ ±ÆoaÆ­ ±Æ ø2ß 

°øß3a2 ̈­ ±2 ø 2a© a21·2aÙ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈øμa °¥ø1⁄2a °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2Ú 

‹aø¥aÆ­ ±ÆoaÆ·21 a21·2a­Ù aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ø­­ ́3a ø¥¥ 

o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ Æ·­μÙ ø2o øÆa ·2 2± ©øß ø­­ ́Æao 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­Ú 

fl2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß 2± ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa a21·2a­Ù aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù 2±Æ 3øß ©±Æμ 

æa1·2 ±2 ø Æa°±©aÆ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ ø °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ  ́2 ̈·¥ 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ·­ o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈aoÚ 

1⁄2 ̃ ×2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­  ̄Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈­ ̃ 

...· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ±o ø°°Æ±TMao o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ ø­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú¤ÚÓÚoÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ·2TM±·1⁄2a 

°øß3a2 ̈­Ú ×2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­ °Æ±TM·oa –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ±2 ø 

Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈ æø­·­Ú 

flo ̈aÆ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ø ­ø ̈·­oø1⁄2 ̈±Æß °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ±2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ · ̈a3·¶ao ·2TM±·1⁄2a­ o±Æ 

1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ 2a© a21·2a­Ù TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù ±Æ °·a1⁄2a­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

o±Æ Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈Ú 

fl2 ·2TM±·1⁄2a ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa · ̈a3·¶ao  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa a2± ́1 ̧ oa ̈ø·¥  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±TM·oa­ Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈ ±2¥ß o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù ßa ̈ æa 1⁄2¥aøÆ ø2o 1⁄2±21⁄2·­a a2± ́1 ̧ 

 ̈± æa  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2oøæ¥aÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a · ̈a3·¶ao ·2TM±·1⁄2a ø2o ±2¥ß °øß 

o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ́°  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø°­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ±Æ Æa1⁄2a·TMa °øß3a2 ̈­ o±Æ a21·2a­Ù TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa 2±2Û±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥Â  ̈ø®a­Â 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈·21 ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Â 

¥·1⁄2a2­aÂ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Â ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2aÙ ±Æ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

› ̧øÆ1a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o °øÆ ̈­ ±2 a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa ±2¥ß a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ 

o ́2o·21 ·o  ̈ ̧aß øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a 2a© 

a21·2a ø2o ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao a3·­­·±2­ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥ 

TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a ±Æ Æa°ø·ÆÚ ¤®ø3°¥a­ ±o ·2a¥·1·æ¥a Æa°±©aÆ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê  ̈·Æa­Ù ø®¥a­Ù °ø·2 ̈Ù æÆøμa­Ù ø2o 3 ́oo¥aÆ­Ú 

”±­ ̈ ¥øæ±Æ a®°a2­a­ øÆa 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Â  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2­ 

øÆa ¥øæ±Æ  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ ø o·a­a¥ –” o·¥ ̈aÆ ±2 ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ¥øæ±Æ  ̈± 3øμa 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß TMa­­a¥ 

3±o·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ·2­ ̈ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a 2a© a21·2a ·2 ø  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù ø2o ¥øæ±Æ  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a 

a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈± ­ ́°°¥ß ø ­ ̧·° æaÆ ̈ ̧ ±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °aoa­ ̈ø¥Ú ... ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ Æa·3æ ́Æ­øæ¥a 

©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±Æ 2± ̈Ù ¥øæ±Æ a®°a2­a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2  ̈ ̧a · ̈a3·¶ao ·2TM±·1⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a oa ̈ø·¥ao 2 ́3æaÆ ±o  ̧± ́Æ­ 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1ao ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̧± ́Æ¥ß ©ø1aÚ
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÏ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø ­·21¥aÙ · ̈a3·¶ao ·2TM±·1⁄2a o±Æ 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥aÙ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

×2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­ 3øß æa 3øoa o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±Æ a21·2a oaø¥aÆ ±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈±Æ 

±2¥ß ·o ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ °øß3a2 ̈ øÆÆø21a3a2 ̈­ øÆa ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 1⁄2±°·a­ ±o ø¥¥ ·2TM±·1⁄2a­ ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o °øß3a2 ̈ ·2 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o·¥aÚ 

o ̃ ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ·2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­  ̄oa­1⁄2Æ·æao 

øæ±TMa ̃ ±Æ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ ±° ̈·±2 oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã ̧a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ ±° ̈·±2 ·­ ±2¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ø2o 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ Æa°±©aÆ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø°°Æ±TMa ø¥¥ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆøÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o ́2o·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈aÆ3­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

i Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈aÆ3­ ­°a1⁄2·oß·21 øÆÆø21a3a2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± 1± o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a21·2aÙ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaø¥aÆ ±Æ 

3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆÚ 

ÌÚ ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̈Æø1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao ±2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̧a¥o ·2 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈­ æa1·22·21 ·33ao·ø ̈a¥ß øo ̈aÆ Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ oÆ±3 flŒfiÚ 

ø ̃ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̄aÚ1Ú 1a2aÆø¥ ¥ao1aÆ ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈Æø1⁄2μ 

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao ø2o a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ±2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß μaa°­ · ̈­ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·2 ø 2±2Û­a1Æa1ø ̈ao ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·Æ­ ̈ ­a°øÆø ̈a­ °Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ oÆ±3 

± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o  ̈ ̧a2 o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ­a°øÆø ̈a­ aøÆ2ao 

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a Æa¥ø ̈ao a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÎ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i Ã ̧a 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa æø­ao ±2 ø2 øTMaÆø1a oø·¥ß æø¥ø21⁄2a ±Æ ­±3a ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

Æaø­±2øæ¥a ø2o oa3±2­ ̈Æøæ¥a 3a ̈ ̧±o ±o Æaø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2aao­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a o ́2o 

æø1⁄2μ ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa  ̈Æø1⁄2μao ­ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ ­a°øÆø ̈a¥ß ·oa2 ̈·o·øæ¥a oÆ±3 ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

°Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ¤ø1⁄2 ̧ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 3a ̈ ̧±o±¥±1ß o±Æ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·21 –Æ±1Æø3 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̧±© · ̈ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a­ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ o±Æ · ̈­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ o·­1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

æ ̃ Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao ø2o a®°a2oao ±2 ø¥¥ 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈Ú 

i ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 1a2aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa ̈ø·2ao o±Æ ø 

3·2·3 ́3 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈  ̈aÆ3 °¥ ́­  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ ±Æ oø ̈a ±o 

 ̈ ̧a o·2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈ °¥ ́­  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ ·­ ¥±21aÆÚ 

1⁄2 ̃ ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ a®°a2o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao oÆ±3 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±2 a¥·1·æ¥a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈ßÊ 

i Ã ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß o±Æ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa  ̈± o ́2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 

­ø3a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­  ́2øæ¥a  ̈± o·2o ±Æ o ́2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 3øß æa ø°°¥·ao  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ 

©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 3øß a®°a2o 

aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ±2 Æ ́ææaÆ  ̈·Æao 1ø2 ̈Æß 1⁄2Æø2a­ ·o ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ 

­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

×o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈±  ́­a ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ o±Æ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­Ù 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß  ́­a  ́°  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 ø¥¥±©ao æß  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ú 

×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­  ́2øæ¥a  ̈± a®°a2o ø¥¥ ±Æ ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a 

Æa3ø·2·21 aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa ̈ ́Æ2ao  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ ÆaÛø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÍ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

⁄Ú —21±·21 ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±o ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2 ø2 ±21±·21 æø­·­Ú Ã ̧a ±21±·21 

aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­ oa­·12ao  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o Õfi ËË ø2o 

 ̈ ̧a Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æé­ ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 aoo±Æ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê ±21±·21 oa­μ 

ÆaTM·a©­ ±o Æa°±Æ ̈­ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ́°oø ̈a­ °Æ±TM·oao æß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ù 

ÆaTM·a© ±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ́2· ̈ oø ̈ø  ̄ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ù ­· ̈a ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ÆaTM·a© ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ¥±1­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3aø­ ́Æaoaa3ao ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a æß flŒfi ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °aÆ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ⁄·2ø21⁄2aÙ  ̈ ̧a 

fi ́Æaø ́ ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a fl ́o· ̈­Ù ±Æ ø2ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao oa­·12aaÙ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­Ù o ́Æ·21 2±Æ3ø¥ æ ́­·2a­­ 

 ̧± ́Æ­Ù  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

ŸÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ ̈ø·2Ù TMaÆ·oßÙ ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi ø¥¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø­ ± ́ ̈¥·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

ÔÚ œ ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­ ±2 ø¥¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

ø2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ aø1⁄2 ̧Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa1·2 ø ̈ 3·2·3 ́3 ±2a Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±TM·oa­ flŒfi 

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈  ̄­aa æa¥±© ̃Ú Ã ̧a­a Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø 

 ́°oø ̈a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2 ́3 ́¥ø ̈·TMaÙ Æao¥a1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

œ ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ê 

i Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ø2o a2o oø ̈a­ ±o 3±­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

i fl Æø2μao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·­ ̈ ·oa2 ̈·oß·21 aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

Æa1⁄2a·TMao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2·21  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ê 

Û ...a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú 

Û ⁄ ́2o·21 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄o ́2oaoÙ o ́2oao oÆ±3 æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈Ù 2± ̈ o ́2oao ̃Ú 

Û ⁄ ́2o·21 ø3± ́2 ̈  ̄ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o 2±2Û–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ̃Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈aoÒ2± ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ̃Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aoÒ2± ̈Û1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aoÒ1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ̃Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aoÒ2± ̈Û1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aoÒ1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ̃Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄ø1⁄2 ̈·TMaÒ©· ̈ ̧oÆø©2Ò·2a¥·1·æ¥aÒæø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈ ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÈ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i Ã± ̈ø¥ a3·­­·±2 æa2ao· ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈aoÚ 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ a®°a2oaoÒÆa3ø·2·21  ̄æÆaøμo±©2 æß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ø2o 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ̃Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ 2±2Û–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ a®°a2oao °aÆ o·­1⁄2ø¥ ßaøÆ ±o o ́2o·21Ú 

ÓÚ Õa3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa1·2  ̈ ̧a ßaøÆ o±¥¥±©·21 ·2· ̈·ø¥ flŒfi ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 ±o 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3 ±o  ̈ ̧a ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŸÆø2 ̈ fl1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß ­ ̈ø2oøÆo·¶a  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ oø ̈a­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a­a 

Æa°±Æ ̈­ ø2o 2± ̈·oß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ±2 

 ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß flŒfiÚ ÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄o ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ø2o ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈÚ 

fl ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 oø ̈øÊ 

i Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ø2o a2o oø ̈a­ ±o 3±­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·­ ̈ ·oa2 ̈·oß·21 aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 Æa1⁄2a·TMao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù ø2o 

1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2·21  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ê 

Û ‹a­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Û Ã ̧a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ·2TMa­ ̈aoÚ 

Û ⁄ ́2o·21 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄o ́2oaoÙ o ́2oao oÆ±3 æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈Ù 2± ̈ o ́2oao ̃Ú 

Û ⁄ ́2o·21 ø3± ́2 ̈  ̄ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o 2±2Û–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ̃Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈aoÒ2± ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ̃Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aoÒ2± ̈Û1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aoÒ1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ̃Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aoÒ2± ̈Û1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aoÒ1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ̃Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄ø1⁄2 ̈·TMaÒ©· ̈ ̧oÆø©2Ò·2a¥·1·æ¥aÒæø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈ ̃Ú 

i Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ê 

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̄1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 –” ø2o “—® ̃Ú

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈aoÚ 

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ a®°a2oaoÒÆa3ø·2·21  ̄æÆaøμ o±©2 æß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ø2o 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ̃Ú 

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ 2±2Û–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ a®°a2oao æß ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ±o o ́2o­Ú 

Û fl3± ́2 ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao oÆ±3 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao oÆ±3 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËË ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

fl ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 Ø ́ø¥· ̈ø ̈·TMa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ê 

i ›±­ ̈­ ±o o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±TMao æ ́o1a ̈ o±Æ o ́2oao 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i fl1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa2  ̈± a2­ ́Æa o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ æa·21 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao 

ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± æ ́o1a ̈ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ ø °¥ø2 o±Æ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTM·21  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æß 

a· ̈ ̧aÆ o±©2Û­1⁄2±°·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ æß ·oa2 ̈·oß·21 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o ́2o·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­  ̈± 3aa ̈ 

ø2ß ·oa2 ̈·o·ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·21⁄2Æaø­a­ ø2o Æa3ø·2 ©· ̈ ̧·2 æ ́o1a ̈Ú 

i fl1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥  ̈·3a¥·2a ø2o 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ±o o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

°¥ø22ao  ̈·3a¥·2a o±Æ o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i fl1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa2  ̈± a2­ ́Æa o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ æa·21 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao ·2 ø 

 ̈·3a¥ß oø­ ̧·±2Ú 

i Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 aoo±Æ ̈­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ±°aÆø ̈·21 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú 

i Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2aÚ 

i fl o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ ­·12ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ › ̧·ao flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆÙ › ̧·ao 

⁄·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÆÙ ø2o –Æ±1Æø3 ŸÆø2 ̈ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ TMaÆ·oß·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ oø ̈ø ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø ̈aÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± μ2±©2 ·2­ ̈ø21⁄2a­ ±o oÆø ́oÚ 

i fl2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß flŒfiÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi 1⁄2±°·a­ ±o a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß 3øμa ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ ±2a 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a 1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ­ ̈ø2oøÆo 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ3ø ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a2 ­ ́æ3· ̈ ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a °aÆ ̈·2a2 ̈ °ø1a­  ̄·2· ̈·ø¥ °ø1aÙ ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa °ø1a 

ø2o °ø1a ̄­ ̃ oa­1⁄2Æ·æ·21  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̃ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈± flŒfiÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 

­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ±2¥ß ±2a 1⁄2±°ß ±o aø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a °aÆ ̈·2a2 ̈ °ø1a­ ±o aø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

ÌÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­ o±¥¥±©·21  ̈ ̧a 

o ́¥¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú ÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄o ̃ ̄Ó ̃Ú 

Ã ̧·­ Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 Æa1øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±2 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ×××Ê ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÁ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

fl ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i fl ¥·­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ê 

Û ‹a­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o aø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Û ›±°·a­ ±o ·2TM±·1⁄2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ a®°a2oao o±Æ 

aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±TMao æ ́o1a ̈ o±Æ 

o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Û fl1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa2  ̈± a2­ ́Æa o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©ø­ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao 

ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± æ ́o1a ̈ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú 

Û fl1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥  ̈·3a¥·2a ø2o 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ±o o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

°¥ø22ao  ̈·3a¥·2a o±Æ o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Û fl1⁄2 ̈·±2  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa2  ̈± a2­ ́Æa o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©ø­ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao ·2 ø 

 ̈·3a¥ß oø­ ̧·±2Ú 

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMao o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i fl3± ́2 ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2Æ ́ao ±2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ‘·­ ̈ ø2o oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o ́2oao ©· ̈ ̧ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ú 

i ›±°·a­ ±o a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©aÆa 2± ̈ °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ß 

­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈aoÚ 

i fl æÆ·ao 2øÆÆø ̈·TMa ­°a1⁄2·oß·21Ê ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø ́o· ̈·21 aoo±Æ ̈­ ø2o Æa­ ́¥ ̈­Â 

a2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2o­Ù ø2o ø2ß ÆaTMaÆ ̈ao o ́2o­Ú 

i fl o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ ­·12ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ › ̧·ao flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆÙ › ̧·ao 

⁄·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÆÙ ø2o –Æ±1Æø3 ŸÆø2 ̈ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ TMaÆ·oß·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ oø ̈ø ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø ̈aÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± μ2±©2 ·2­ ̈ø21⁄2a­ ±o oÆø ́oÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° × Ê Ÿa2é¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØé ̈­ Áð ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

× Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

flÚ —©2aÆ­ ̧·° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­·12ao ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ±2¥ß æß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆ­Ú 

×2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ ±Æ 1⁄2±3°ø2·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±°aÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±Æ ©·¥¥ ±°aÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́2oaÆ ø ¥aø­a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ øÆa 

°Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao oÆ±3 ø°°¥ß·21 o±Æ æ±2o o ́2o·21Ù æ ́ ̈ 3øß °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·o ø ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 

·­ ±ooaÆao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ± ́ ̈¥·2ao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú‹ÚÔÓÚ 

fiÚ Ã ̧·Æo –øÆ ̈ß fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

Ã ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ øÆa 2± ̈ ø¥¥±©aoÚ Ã ̧a ±©2aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ ­·12 

ø2o ø1Æaa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

fl  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß 3øßÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̄±Æ °øÆ ̈ ̃ ±2  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆé­ æa ̧ø¥oÚ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈·a­Ú Ã ̧a 

 ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa ø2o oø ̈a ¥·2a­Ù ø2o æ¥ø2μ­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß  ̈± ¥·­ ̈  ̧±© 3 ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aß øÆa æa·21 °ø·oÙ ·o ø2ß ̈ ̧·21Ù  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

ø2o © ̧ø ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ±o o ́2o­ øÆa æa·21  ́­ao  ̈± °øß  ̈ ̧a3Ú 

›Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß ÆaoaÆ  ̈± fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛŸ o±Æ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2­ ø2o ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ øoa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××ÚfiÚÓÚÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß ­ ́æ3· ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø¥¥±©øæ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ øÆa øoTM·­ao  ̈± 1⁄2øÆao ́¥¥ß ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μa ̈­ °Æ±TM·oao æß 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 

‹Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÔÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛŸ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú Ã ̧·­  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2Ê  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̄©· ̈ ̧ o ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ̃Ù 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a­Ù ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥Òø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß 

oø ̈ø  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° × Ê Ÿa2é¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØé ̈­ ÁÔ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÓÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ¥·­ ̈ao 

æß ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ·2 fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛŸ ø2o ø 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈ æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̈± 

3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

ø¥­± æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­·12ao æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ flo¶ ́­ ̈3a2 ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 

3øß ±2¥ß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2­a2 ̈Ú 

ÌÚ ›ø­aÛæßÛ1⁄2ø­a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

—2¥ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ æaß±2o 

 ̈ ̧±­a ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ 3øß æa Æa1⁄2±33a2oao  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ ·21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 ·2 

o ́ ̈ ́Æa Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a  ́°oø ̈a­Ú 

ÏÚ ‹·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa o·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­·12Ù  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ ø ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ê 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­·12­  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù 

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o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o æa  ́­ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a o·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·oa2 ̈·oß 

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i ‹·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a TMø¥ ́a ±o ø2ß a®·­ ̈·21 o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß Æao ́1⁄2a­  ̈ ̧a 

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ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2aÙ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̧ø­ ÆaTM·a©ao  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·­ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 2a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ 2±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̧ø­ ø2ß ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ±o flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ·­ Æaø­±2øæ¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao  ̈·3aoÆø3aÚ 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ©aÆa 2± ̈  ́­ao  ̈± °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ß  ́°1Æøoa  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø2 ±©2aÆ ±o ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

Æa1⁄2a·TMao o ́2o·21 o±Æ ø Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 3øß 2± ̈ ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈¥ß 

­ ́æ3· ̈ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ 

Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß æa ø¥¥±©ao  ̈± ÆaÛø°°¥ß o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 ·o ø 

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1⁄2±2­·oaÆao æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° × Ê Ÿa2é¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØé ̈­ ÁÓ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

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aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o 2± ̈ o·­1⁄2¥±­ao ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ±Æ Æa1⁄2a·TMao o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa 

­ ̧ø¥¥Ù ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù æa o·­Ø ́ø¥·o·ao oÆ±3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a21·2a oÆ±3  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú Ã ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß ø¥­± æa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao oÆ±3 ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈·21 o ́ ̈ ́Æa ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ø2ß ø2o 

ø¥¥ flŒfi ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­ ±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

ÎÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

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·2 ̈a2o­  ̈±  ́ ̈·¥·¶a  ̈± o ́¥¥ß o ́2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

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­ ̧·°°·21 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±Æ 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú ×2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 

1⁄2±­ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ±°aÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i —° ̈·±2ø¥ · ̈a3­  ̄­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ 1⁄2·1øÆ ¥·1 ̧ ̈aÆ­ ±Æ 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3 3 ́o o¥ø°­ ±2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ̃ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa °ø·o ø ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆé­ a®°a2­aÚ 

i Ãø®a­Ù oaa­Ù ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2aÙ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a­ 3øß 2± ̈ æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú 

i ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2· ̈ß 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 3øß 2± ̈ æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú 

i ›±­ ̈­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o °øÆ ̈­ ±2 a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa ±2¥ß a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ 

o ́2o·21 ·o  ̈ ̧aß øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

2a© a21·2a ø2o ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao a3·­­·±2­ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ °øÆ ̈ ±o 

 ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a ±Æ Æa°ø·ÆÚ ¤®ø3°¥a­ ±o ·2a¥·1·æ¥a Æa°±©aÆ 

1⁄2±­ ̈­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê  ̈·Æa­Ù ø®¥a­Ù °ø·2 ̈Ù æÆøμa­Ù ø2o 3 ́oo¥aÆ­Ú 

Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ßaøÆ ±o ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

ÍÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa 

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 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ­·12ø ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

¤Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

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1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o  ̈aÆ3­ øÆa 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2ao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú‹ÚÔðÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° × Ê Ÿa2é¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØé ̈­ ÁÌ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

⁄Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ Õø¥a­ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

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ø­­·12Ù ­a¥¥Ù  ̈Æø2­oaÆÙ ¥·1⁄2a2­aÙ ±Æ ­ ́æ1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2ß Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ ±Æ ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ø  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß 

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°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ø2o  ̈aÆ3­Ú 

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1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ́2¥a­­  ̈ ̧a 2a© ±©2aÆ  ̧ø­ ø­­ ́3ao Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈ß  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ø2 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

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°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·3°±­aoÚ 

ŸÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ “±2Û–aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 

 

fl¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a æß 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ “±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ø2o 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±o ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ø2o 1a±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 

Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈Òa21·2a ·­ 2±2Û±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ±Æ 3ø¥o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2·21Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ø¥¥±© o±Æ ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2aÙ ±Æ  ̈ø3°aÆ·21 ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao 

oaTM·1⁄2a ±Æ oø ̈øÚ 

i ”·­ ́­a ±o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ú 

i ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ±Æ oø ́¥ ̈ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ÆaØ ́·Æao o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±Æ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° × Ê Ÿa2é¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØé ̈­ ÁÏ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i Œa1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o ø¥¥ ±Æ ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i — ̈ ̧aÆ o·­1⁄2ø¥ °a2ø¥ ̈·a­ ±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ­aTMaÆ· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚ 

i ›ø21⁄2a¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i fl æø2 ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2 o ́ ̈ ́Æa Õ ̈ø ̈a ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa 

°Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

i –Æ± ̧·æ· ̈·21 ø ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oÆ±3 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·21 ·2 ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa 

°Æ±1Æø3Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

 ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

fl––¤“‹×›¤Õ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

 ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

Å ̈ ̧·­ °ø1a ·2 ̈a2 ̈·±2ø¥¥ß æ¥ø2μÃ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÊ –±Æ ̈ÒŒø·¥ «øÆo ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

fl––¤“‹×» fl ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ÕaÆTM·21 –±Æ ̈­ ø2o ×2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Œø·¥ 

«øÆoflÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ÕaÆTM·21 –±Æ ̈­ ø2o ×2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Œø·¥ «øÆo­ 

¤¥·1·æ¥a 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

›¥ø­­ Ë  ̄‚ÌÌÙððð ¥æ­ 1Æ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 ̃  ̧aøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ́­ao  ̈± 3±TMa 

1±±o­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈aÊ 

i ›±2 ̈·2 ́± ́­ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̄›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao ±Æ ×2 ̈aÆ2ø ̈·±2ø¥ Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 –¥ø2 ̃ ·2 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 

i fl ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ̄­ ̃ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 

×2a¥·1·æ¥a 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± flŒfié­ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø2o  ́ ̈·¥· ̈ß o¥aa ̈ Æ ́¥aÚ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± flŒfié­ ­±¥·o ©ø­ ̈a 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æ ́¥aÚ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± flŒfié­ o·a­a¥ 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æ ́¥aÚ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃ 

Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

–øÆ ̈·ø¥ o ́2o·21 ±o  ́°  ̈±  ̧ÎÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÓððÍ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß 

o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 flŒfi TMaÆ·o·ao ‘aTMa¥ Ì o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a­ o·a­a¥ –” 

æß ËÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±Æ 3±ÆaÚ 

i –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Í 

3±2 ̈ ̧­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ï ßaøÆ­ ±o Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ

°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú ‹ ́ø¥ °¥ø ̈a­Ù ×Œ–Ù ø2o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ­ ̈ø ̈a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2­ øÆa 

°Æ± ̧·æ· ̈aoÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ï ßaøÆ­ ±o oÆaØ ́a2 ̈ °±Æ ̈ ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆÛ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo ­aÆTM·1⁄2a  ̄ÔÎðı 

TM·­· ̈­ÒßaøÆ ̃Ú 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ o±Æ o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ ø2 ±2Ûæ±øÆo a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ́2· ̈ ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21Ù Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Õ·12 ø ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a ø2o 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ¥ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 o·¥ ̈aÆ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆéÆa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a °Æ±±o ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ±2 o·¥ ̈aÆÚ

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2ß 3·oÛÔÁÁð­ a21·2a ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­±o ̈©øÆa  ́°1Æøoa­ o±Æ o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄·ÚaÚ 1⁄2 ̧·° Æao¥ø­ ̧ ̃  ̧ø­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao  ̈ ̧a  ́°1ÆøoaÚ 

i ›aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 flŒfi aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÊ –±Æ ̈ÒŒø·¥ «øÆo ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÓ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ÕaÆTM·21 –±Æ ̈­ ø2o ×2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Œø·¥ «øÆo­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃ 

Œa°±©aÆ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

–Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao 

fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

Ã ̧a ¥±©aÆ ±o Îð ̊ ±Æ  ̧ÓðÙððð  ̈± Æa°±©aÆ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÓððÌ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 2a© a21·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­ ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ ±Æ ¥±©aÆ ø2o flŒfiéÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ a21·2a 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ o·ø12±­ ̈·1⁄2­Ú 

i –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ì 

ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú ⁄±Æ ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ë ßaøÆ­ ±Æ ÌÎðÙððð 3·¥a­ ±o Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú ‹ ́ø¥ °¥ø ̈a­Ù ×Œ–Ù ø2o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ­ ̈ø ̈a 

Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2­ øÆa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈aoÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ï ßaøÆ­ ±o oÆaØ ́a2 ̈ °±Æ ̈ ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆÛ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo ­aÆTM·1⁄2a 

 ̄ÔÎðı TM·­· ̈­ÒßaøÆ ̃Ú 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ o±Æ o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ ø2 ±2Ûæ±øÆo a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ́2· ̈ ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i Õ1⁄2Æø°  ̈ ̧a ±¥o a21·2aÚ 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21Ù Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Õ·12 ø ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a ø2o 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ¥ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 2a© a21·2aÙ a3·­­·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­Ù ø2o o·ø12±­ ̈·1⁄2­ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a °Æ±±o ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ø2o 1⁄2±3°Æa ̧a2­·TMa ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a ±2 

 ́°1Æøoao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i –Æ±TM·oa ø 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ a21·2a 

3aa ̈­ ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 flŒfi aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß ±° ̈ o±Æ ø °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±o o ́°¥·1⁄2ø ̈a 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©·¥¥ °øß  ̈ ̧a ¥±©aÆ ±o ÓÎ ̊ ±Æ  ̧ÔðÙððð o±Æ ø Ï ßaøÆ 

1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈ ±o Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÊ –±Æ ̈ÒŒø·¥ «øÆo ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÌ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ÕaÆTM·21 –±Æ ̈­ ø2o ×2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Œø·¥ «øÆo­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃ 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

–Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao 

fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

–øÆ ̈·ø¥ o ́2o·21 ±o  ́°  ̈±  ̧ÎðÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÓððÌ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß 

o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø o·a­a¥ ±Æ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o ́a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3aa ̈·21 ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ ±Æ ¥±©aÆÚ 

i –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ì 

ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3aa ̈·21 ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ú 

⁄±Æ ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­Ù  ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3 ́­ ̈ æa ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

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¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

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›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú ‹ ́ø¥ °¥ø ̈a­Ù ×Œ–Ù ø2o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ­ ̈ø ̈a 

Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2­ øÆa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈aoÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ï ßaøÆ­ ±o oÆaØ ́a2 ̈ °±Æ ̈ ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo ­aÆTM·1⁄2a  ̄ÔÎðı 

TM·­· ̈­ÒßaøÆ ̃Ú 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ o±Æ o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ ø2 ±2Ûæ±øÆo a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ́2· ̈ ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 

 ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i Õ1⁄2Æø°  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21Ù Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Õ·12 ø ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a ø2o 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú À2oaÆ ø ¥aø­a °Æ±1Æø3Ù  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ø2o ¥a­­aa 3 ́­ ̈ ­·12  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ¥ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆéÆa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a °Æ±±o ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ø2o 1⁄2±3°Æa ̧a2­·TMa ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a ±2 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ 

i –Æ±TM·oa 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ a21·2a 3aa ̈­ 

ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 flŒfi aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß ±° ̈ o±Æ ø °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±o o ́°¥·1⁄2ø ̈a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù 

a®1⁄2a° ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©·¥¥ °øß  ́°  ̈±  ̧ÓÎÙððð o±Æ ø Ï ßaøÆ 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈ ±o Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ

±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±­ ̈ 

fl­­ ́3° ̈·±2­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃Ê Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ·­ ¢ ̧ÔðÙððð 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃Ê Ã± ̈ø¥ øTMaÆø1a 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø Æa°±©aÆ ·­ ¢ ̧ÏðÙððð 

—° ̈·±2­  ̄Ì ̃  ̇  ̄Ï ̃Ê Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø 2a© ”«ÓððÈ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ·­ ¢ ̧ÔððÙððð  ̄o·a­a¥ ̃  ̈± ¢ ̧ÔËðÙððð 

 ̄2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ 1ø­ ̃ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÊ –±Æ ̈ÒŒø·¥ «øÆo ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÏ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

fiÚ ”ø¶±Æ ”·¥a­ ̈±2a­ o±Æ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±3°¥a ̈·±2 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±ÆoaÆÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ø1⁄2Ø ́·­· ̈·±2Ò·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Õ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o ·2TM±·1⁄2a  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈Ú 

i Ô­ ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 3·¥a­ ̈±2a Í 3±2 ̈ ̧­ øo ̈aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ú 

›Ú Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa ̈ø·2Ù ø ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù ø¥¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­Ù ·2TM±·1⁄2a­Ù ø2o 

1⁄2±ÆÆa­°±2oa21⁄2a ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù ø©øÆoÙ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù 3±2· ̈±Æ·21Ù 

a2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3 ±Æ  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ o·2ø¥ °øß3a2 ̈Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ ·­ ¥ø ̈aÆÚ Œa1⁄2±Æo­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

Æaøo·¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2a­­·æ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ ±Æ oa­·12aa  ́°±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ ø ́o· ̈·21Ú 

‹Ú fl22 ́ø¥ Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i ›±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̄±©2aÆ 2ø3aÙ øooÆa­­Ù ° ̧±2aÙ a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i –Æ±±o ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

i fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 3·¥aø1aÒø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ¥±1­ o±Æ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ̃Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °aÆ3· ̈­ ©aÆa 2± ̈ 

 ́ ̈·¥·¶ao  ̈± 3øμa ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ­ ̈ø ̈a  ̈Æ·°­ ̃Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú 

i ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °±Æ ̈ÒÆø·¥ ßøÆo TM·­· ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÔÓ 3±2 ̈ ̧ °aÆ·±oÚ 

i Õ ́33øÆß ±o 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a °aÆo±Æ3ao ø2o ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈aoÚ 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æ±2oÛo ́2oao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©ø­ ±°aÆø ̈ao ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ­·12ao 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·­  ̈Æ ́a ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø ̈aÚ 

i — ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

¤Ú —21±·21 ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o fl ́o· ̈­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø1Æaa  ̈± ±21±·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø ́o· ̈­ æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ ±Æ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao oa­·12aa­Ú flŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o °Æ±TM·­·±2­ øÆa o± ́2o ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú¤ÚÎÚ
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÊ –±Æ ̈ÒŒø·¥ «øÆo ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÎ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

⁄Ú fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ·2 øoo· ̈·±2 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 flŒfi ±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú 

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

Ã ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø°°¥·a­  ̈± ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ¥·­ ̈ao æa¥±©Ú 

i “ø3aÒ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2Òø1a21⁄2ßÒ1⁄2±3°ø2ß 

i ”ø·¥·21 øooÆa­­ 

i –Æ·3øÆß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ 2ø3a ø2o ° ̧±2a 2 ́3æaÆ 

i –aÆ­±2 ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­·12·21 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̄—©2aÆ ̃ 

i –Æ±±o ±o ·oa2 ̈· ̈ß ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 

i Õ3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

± ⁄¥aa ̈ ­·¶a 

± “ ́3æaÆ ±o a3°¥±ßaa­ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ 1Æ±­­ ·21⁄2±3a 

ÓÚ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃Ê Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

ø ̃ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ 

± a ̧·1⁄2¥a ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 “ ́3æaÆ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ‘·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù a21·2a ßaøÆÙ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

± › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±o±3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21  ̄a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a21·2a 3·¥aø1a ·o ±o±3a ̈aÆ ·­ 

3·­­·21 ±Æ æÆ±μa2 ̃ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

± –Æ±±o ±o ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o±Æ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø2o °Æ·±Æ  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·°  ̄1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈· ̈¥a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄ ”Ã ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 

± flTMaÆø1a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °±Æ ̈ ±Æ Æø·¥ ßøÆo TM·­· ̈­ °aÆ ßaøÆ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao 

± ×oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ Æ± ́ ̈·2a¥ß ±°aÆø ̈ao 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÊ –±Æ ̈ÒŒø·¥ «øÆo ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÍ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

æ ̃ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a oø ̈ø 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ø2o 2ø3a ±o oaTM·1⁄2a 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao “—® Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̇ –” Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄ ̊ ̃ 

i Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

± flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a ¥·­ ̈·21  ̈ ̧a a21·2a oø3·¥·a­ o±Æ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ·­ TMaÆ·o·aoÙ ø¥±21 ©· ̈ ̧ ø °·1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a ¥øæa¥ ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧a 

a21·2a oø3·¥ß 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃ 

i –Æao·1⁄2 ̈ao ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø ©· ̈ ̧ 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °±Æ ̈ ±Æ Æø·¥ ßøÆo TM·­· ̈­ °aÆ ßaøÆ  ̄3 ́­ ̈ æa ÔÎðı ̃ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃ 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß 

ÌÚ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃Ê Æa°±©aÆ 

ø ̃ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ 

± a ̧·1⁄2¥a ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 “ ́3æaÆ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ‘·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù a21·2a ßaøÆÙ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

± › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±o±3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21  ̄a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a21·2a 3·¥aø1a ·o ±o±3a ̈aÆ ·­ 

3·­­·21 ±Æ æÆ±μa2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

± –Æ±±o ±o ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o±Æ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø2o °Æ·±Æ  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·°  ̄1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈· ̈¥a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄ ”Ã ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 

± flTMaÆø1a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °±Æ ̈ ±Æ Æø·¥ ßøÆo TM·­· ̈­ °aÆ ßaøÆ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao 

± ×oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ Æ± ́ ̈·2a¥ß ±°aÆø ̈ao 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÊ –±Æ ̈ÒŒø·¥ «øÆo ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÈ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

æ ̃ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i ¤21·2a Æa°±©aÆ oø ̈ø 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ a21·2a ßaøÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

i Œa°±©aÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø¥¥ a21·2aÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3±o·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ °¥ø22ao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ×21⁄2¥ ́oa oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o  ́°1Æøoa­  ̈± ­ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧·21­ ø­ a® ̧ø ́­ ̈ 

­ß­ ̈a3­Ù a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2­Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃ 

i –Æao·1⁄2 ̈ao ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø ©· ̈ ̧ 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °±Æ ̈ ±Æ Æø·¥ ßøÆo TM·­· ̈­ °aÆ ßaøÆ  ̄3 ́­ ̈ æa ÔÎðı ̃ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ±° ̈·±2 o±Æ °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß 

ÏÚ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃Ê Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

ø ̃ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ 

± a ̧·1⁄2¥a ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 “ ́3æaÆ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ‘·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù a21·2a ßaøÆÙ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

± › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±o±3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21  ̄a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a21·2a 3·¥aø1a ·o ±o±3a ̈aÆ ·­ 

3·­­·21 ±Æ æÆ±μa2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

± –Æ±±o ±o ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o±Æ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø2o °Æ·±Æ  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·°  ̄1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈· ̈¥a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄ ”Ã ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 

± flTMaÆø1a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °±Æ ̈ ±Æ Æø·¥ ßøÆo TM·­· ̈­ °aÆ ßaøÆ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao 

± ×oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ Æ± ́ ̈·2a¥ß ±°aÆø ̈ao 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÊ –±Æ ̈ÒŒø·¥ «øÆo ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛË ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

æ ̃ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i “a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ a21·2a ßaøÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃ 

i –Æao·1⁄2 ̈ao ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø ©· ̈ ̧ 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °±Æ ̈ ±Æ Æø·¥ ßøÆo TM·­· ̈­ °aÆ ßaøÆ  ̄3 ́­ ̈ æa ÔÎðı ̃ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ±° ̈·±2 o±Æ °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃ 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛÔ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

fl––¤“‹×» fi — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μflÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

— ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ 

¤¥·1·æ¥a 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

›¥ø­­ Ë  ̄‚ÌÌÙððð ¥æ­ 1Æ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 ̃  ̧aøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ́­ao  ̈± 3±TMa 

1±±o­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈aÊ 

i ›±2 ̈·2 ́± ́­ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̄›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao ±Æ ×2 ̈aÆ2ø ̈·±2ø¥ Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 –¥ø2 ̃ ·2 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 

i fl ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ̄­ ̃ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 

×2a¥·1·æ¥a 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± flŒfié­ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø2o  ́ ̈·¥· ̈ß o¥aa ̈ Æ ́¥aÚ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± flŒfié­ ­±¥·o ©ø­ ̈a 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æ ́¥aÚ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± flŒfié­ o·a­a¥ 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æ ́¥aÚ 

i fl  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o ́2oao TM·ø ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao øo ̈aÆ øo±° ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2  ̈± Œao ́1⁄2a 

¤3·­­·±2­ ±o ‹·a­a¥ –øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a ”ø ̈ ̈aÆÙ —®·oa­ ±o “· ̈Æ±1a2 ø2o — ̈ ̧aÆ ›Æ· ̈aÆ·ø 

–±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­Ù ø2o ŸÆaa2 ̧± ́­a Ÿø­a­ oÆ±3 ×2ÛÀ­a ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥Û⁄ ́a¥ao a ̧·1⁄2¥a­

3 ́­ ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2 o¥aa ̈ øTMaÆø1·21 ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃ 

Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

–øÆ ̈·ø¥ o ́2o·21 ±o  ́°  ̈±  ̧ÎÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÓððÍ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß 

o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 flŒfi TMaÆ·o·ao ‘aTMa¥ Ì o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a­ o·a­a¥ –” æß 

ËÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±Æ 3±ÆaÚ 

i –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Í 

3±2 ̈ ̧­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 

æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ×2 

 ̈ ̧·­ Í 3±2 ̈ ̧  ̈·3a °aÆ·±oÙ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o ́2oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ·­ 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± æa 

·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2 ø2ß o¥aa ̈ øTMaÆø1·21Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ï ßaøÆ­ ±o Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ

°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú ‹ ́ø¥ °¥ø ̈a­Ù ×Œ–Ù ø2o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ­ ̈ø ̈a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2­ øÆa 

°Æ± ̧·æ· ̈aoÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ o±Æ o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ ø2 ±2Ûæ±øÆo a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ́2· ̈ ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 

 ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21Ù Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Õ·12 ø ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a ø2o 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ¥ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 o·¥ ̈aÆ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆéÆa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a °Æ±±o ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ±2 o·¥ ̈aÆÚ

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2ß 3·oÛÔÁÁð­ a21·2a ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­±o ̈©øÆa  ́°1Æøoa­ o±Æ o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄·ÚaÚ 1⁄2 ̧·° Æao¥ø­ ̧ ̃  ̧ø­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao  ̈ ̧a  ́°1ÆøoaÚ 

i ›aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 flŒfi aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛÓ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

— ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃ 

Œa°±©aÆ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

–Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao 

fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

Ã ̧a ¥±©aÆ ±o Îð ̊ ±Æ  ̧ÓðÙððð  ̈± Æa°±©aÆ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÓððÌ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 2a© a21·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­ ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ ±Æ ¥±©aÆ ø2o flŒfiéÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ a21·2a 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ o·ø12±­ ̈·1⁄2­Ú 

i –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ì 

ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ×2  ̈ ̧·­ Ì 

ßaøÆ °aÆ·±oÙ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o ́2oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ·­ 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2 ø2ß o¥aa ̈ 

øTMaÆø1·21Ú ⁄±Æ ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­ ø2o ±©2aÆ­ ±o ø¥¥ a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÔÁÁÈ ±Æ 

±¥oaÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

°Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ë ßaøÆ­ ±Æ ÎððÙððð 3·¥a­ ±o Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú ‹ ́ø¥ °¥ø ̈a­Ù ×Œ–Ù ø2o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ­ ̈ø ̈a 

Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2­ øÆa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈aoÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ o±Æ o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ ø2 ±2Ûæ±øÆo a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ́2· ̈ ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 

 ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i Õ1⁄2Æø°  ̈ ̧a ±¥o a21·2aÚ 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21Ù Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

i Õ·12 ø ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a ø2o 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ¥ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 2a© a21·2aÙ a3·­­·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­Ù ø2o o·ø12±­ ̈·1⁄2­ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a °Æ±±o ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ø2o 1⁄2±3°Æa ̧a2­·TMa ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a ±2  ́°1Æøoao 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i –Æ±TM·oa 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ a21·2a 3aa ̈­ 

ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 flŒfi aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß ±° ̈ o±Æ ø °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±o o ́°¥·1⁄2ø ̈a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù 

a®1⁄2a° ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©·¥¥ °øß  ̈ ̧a ¥±©aÆ ±o ÓÎ ̊ ±Æ  ̧ÔðÙððð o±Æ ø Ï ßaøÆ 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈ ±o 

Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛÌ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

— ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃ 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

–Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao 

fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

–øÆ ̈·ø¥ o ́2o·21 ±o  ́°  ̈±  ̧ÎðÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÓððÌ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß 

o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø o·a­a¥ ±Æ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o ́a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3aa ̈·21 ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ ±Æ 

¥±©aÆÚ 

i –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ 

¥aø­ ̈ Ì ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ 

 ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ×2  ̈ ̧·­ Ì ßaøÆ °aÆ·±oÙ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o ́2oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ·­ 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± æa 

·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2 ø2ß o¥aa ̈ øTMaÆø1·21Ú ⁄±Æ ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­ ø2o ±©2aÆ­ ±o ø¥¥ 

a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÔÁÁÈ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø2o 

±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥aTMa¥ ±o 

a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß 

øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ë ßaøÆ­ ±Æ ÎððÙððð 3·¥a­ ±o Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú ‹ ́ø¥ °¥ø ̈a­Ù ×Œ–Ù ø2o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ­ ̈ø ̈a 

Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2­ øÆa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈aoÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ o±Æ o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ ø2 ±2Ûæ±øÆo a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ́2· ̈ ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i Õ1⁄2Æø°  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21Ù Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

i Õ·12 ø ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a ø2o 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú À2oaÆ ø ¥aø­a °Æ±1Æø3Ù  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ø2o ¥a­­aa 3 ́­ ̈ ­·12  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ¥ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 

3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a °Æ±±o ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ø2o 1⁄2±3°Æa ̧a2­·TMa ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a ±2 2a© 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ 

i –Æ±TM·oa 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ a21·2a 3aa ̈­ 

ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 flŒfi aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß ±° ̈ o±Æ ø °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±o o ́°¥·1⁄2ø ̈a 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©·¥¥ °øß  ́°  ̈±  ̧ÓÎÙððð o±Æ ø Ï ßaøÆ 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈ ±o 

Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛÏ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

— ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ï ̃ 

Ã ̧ÆaaÛ...øß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ÃÆø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ 

¤¥·1·æ¥a 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ flÊ ”«ÓððÌÛÓððÍ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fiÊ ”«ÔÁÁð ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ï ̃ 

Ã ̧ÆaaÛ...øß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 

ÃÆø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

–øÆ ̈·ø¥ o ́2o·21 ±o  ́°  ̈±  ̧ÎðÙðððÒ ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈±Ê 

ÔÚ Œa°¥ø1⁄2a ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÓððÌÛÓððÍ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̄ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ̃ ©· ̈ ̧ ø o·a­a¥ ±Æ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

o ́a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̄ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › ̃ 3aa ̈·21 ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2­ ¥aTMa¥­ ±Æ ¥±©aÆÂ ø2o 

ÓÚ ¤Ø ́·° ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao ‘aTMa¥ Ì o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

Æao ́1⁄2a­ o·a­a¥ –” æß ËÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±Æ 3±ÆaÂ ø2o 

ÌÚ Õ1⁄2Æø° ø ”«ÔÁÁð ±Æ ±¥oaÆ o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̄ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fi ̃ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ flÚ 

i –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao  ̈ ̧ÆaaÛ©øß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø2o  ̈ ̧a 2a© 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

3aa ̈·21 ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ×2  ̈ ̧·­ Ó ßaøÆ 

°aÆ·±oÙ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o ́2oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ·­ 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2 ø2ß 

o¥aa ̈ øTMaÆø1·21Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ ±o ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ø2o 2a© ±©2aÆ ±o ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › ·­ 

ø2 ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±°aÆø ̈±ÆÙ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › 3 ́­ ̈ æa ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó 

ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3aa ̈·21 ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 

­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ú 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa aØ ́·°°ao ©· ̈ ̧ ø o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­ 

°Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ ø ‘aTMa¥ Ì –” oaTM·1⁄2a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

—Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ ±o ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ø2o 2a© ±©2aÆ ±o 2a© ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ¤Ø ́·° ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ©· ̈ ̧ ø ‘aTMa¥ Ì o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ø2o  ̈Æø2­oaÆ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·° 

 ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ±o ±¥o ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fiÚ 

i —2 ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ›Ù 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ë ßaøÆ­ ±Æ ÎððÙððð 3·¥a­ ±o Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ

±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú ‹ ́ø¥ °¥ø ̈a­Ù ×Œ–Ù ø2o 

ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ­ ̈ø ̈a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2­ øÆa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈aoÚ 

i —2 ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ›Ù 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ o±Æ o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ ø2 ±2Ûæ±øÆo a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ́2· ̈ ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21Ù Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Õ·12 ø ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

3·¥a­ ̈±2a ø2o 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ¥ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 

3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a °Æ±±o ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ø2o 1⁄2±3°Æa ̧a2­·TMa ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a ±2 

2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ 

i –Æ±TM·oa 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › a21·2a 

3aa ̈­ ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ·­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao o±Æ ­ø¥a ·2 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÚ 

i ›aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 flŒfi aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao 

©· ̈ ̧ ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛÎ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

— ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ï ̃ 

Ã ̧ÆaaÛ...øß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 

ÃÆø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

 ̄1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́ao ̃ 

—Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ ±o ±¥o ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fi ø2o 2a© ±©2aÆ ±o Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i Õ1⁄2Æø° ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fiÚ 

i —2 ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ flÙ 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ï ßaøÆ­ ±o Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú ‹ ́ø¥ °¥ø ̈a­Ù ×Œ–Ù ø2o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ

­ ̈ø ̈a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2­ øÆa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈aoÚ 

i —2 ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ flÙ 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ o±Æ o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21Ù Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Õ·12 ø ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

3·¥a­ ̈±2a ø2o 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ¥ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 o·¥ ̈aÆ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 

3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a °Æ±±o ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ±2 o·¥ ̈aÆÚ

i ›aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 flŒfi aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao 

©· ̈ ̧ ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±­ ̈ 

fl­­ ́3° ̈·±2­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃Ê Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ·­ ¢ ̧ÔðÙðððÚ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃Ê Ã± ̈ø¥ øTMaÆø1a 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ ¢ ̧ÏðÙðððÚ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃  ̇  ̄Ï ̃Ê Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø 2a© ”«ÓððÈ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ·­ ¢ ̧ÔððÙððð  ̄o·a­a¥ ̃  ̈± 

¢ ̧ÔËðÙððð  ̄2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ 1ø­ ̃Ú 

fiÚ ”ø¶±Æ ”·¥a­ ̈±2a­ o±Æ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±3°¥a ̈·±2 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±ÆoaÆÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ø1⁄2Ø ́·­· ̈·±2Ò·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Õ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o ·2TM±·1⁄2a  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈Ú 

i Ô­ ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 3·¥a­ ̈±2a Í 3±2 ̈ ̧­ øo ̈aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ú 

›Ú Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa ̈ø·2Ù ø ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù ø¥¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­Ù ·2TM±·1⁄2a­Ù ø2o 

1⁄2±ÆÆa­°±2oa21⁄2a ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù ø©øÆoÙ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù 3±2· ̈±Æ·21Ù 

a2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3 ±Æ  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ o·2ø¥ °øß3a2 ̈Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ ·­ ¥ø ̈aÆÚ Œa1⁄2±Æo­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

Æaøo·¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2a­­·æ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ ±Æ oa­·12aa  ́°±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ ø ́o· ̈·21Ú 

‹Ú fl22 ́ø¥ Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i ›±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̄±©2aÆ 2ø3aÙ øooÆa­­Ù ° ̧±2aÙ a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i –Æ±±o ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

i fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 3·¥aø1aÒø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ¥±1­ o±Æ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛÍ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °aÆ3· ̈­ ©aÆa 2± ̈ 

 ́ ̈·¥·¶ao  ̈± 3øμa ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ­ ̈ø ̈a  ̈Æ·°­ ̃Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú 

i Õ ́33øÆß ±o 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a °aÆo±Æ3ao ø2o ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈aoÚ 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æ±2oÛo ́2oao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©ø­ ±°aÆø ̈ao ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ­·12ao 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·­  ̈Æ ́a ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø ̈aÚ 

i — ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

¤Ú —21±·21 ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o fl ́o· ̈­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø1Æaa  ̈± ±21±·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø ́o· ̈­ æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ ±Æ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao oa­·12aa­Ú flŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o °Æ±TM·­·±2­ øÆa o± ́2o ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú¤ÚÎÚ

⁄Ú fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ·2 øoo· ̈·±2 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 flŒfi ±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú 

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

Ã ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø°°¥·a­  ̈± ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ¥·­ ̈ao æa¥±©Ú 

i “ø3aÒ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2Òø1a21⁄2ßÒ1⁄2±3°ø2ß 

i ”ø·¥·21 øooÆa­­ 

i –Æ·3øÆß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ 2ø3a ø2o ° ̧±2a 2 ́3æaÆ 

i –aÆ­±2 ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­·12·21 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̄—©2aÆ ̃ 

i –Æ±±o ±o ·oa2 ̈· ̈ß ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 

i Õ3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

± ⁄¥aa ̈ ­·¶a 

± “ ́3æaÆ ±o a3°¥±ßaa­ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ 1Æ±­­ ·21⁄2±3a 

ÓÚ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃Ê Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

ø ̃ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ 

± a ̧·1⁄2¥a ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 “ ́3æaÆ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ‘·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù a21·2a ßaøÆÙ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛÈ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

± › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±o±3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21  ̄a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a21·2a 3·¥aø1a ·o ±o±3a ̈aÆ ·­ 

3·­­·21 ±Æ æÆ±μa2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ê 

± –Æ±±o ±o ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o±Æ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø2o °Æ·±Æ  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·°  ̄1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈· ̈¥a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄ ”Ã ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æi ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao 

± ×oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ Æ± ́ ̈·2a¥ß ±°aÆø ̈ao 

æ ̃ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a oø ̈ø 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ø2o 2ø3a ±o oaTM·1⁄2a 

± flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao “—® Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̇ –” Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄ ̊ ̃ 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃ 

i –Æao·1⁄2 ̈ao ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø ©· ̈ ̧ 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æi ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃ 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß 

ÌÚ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃Ê Æa°±©aÆ 

ø ̃ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ 

± a ̧·1⁄2¥a ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 “ ́3æaÆ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ‘·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù a21·2a ßaøÆÙ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

± –Æ±±o ±o ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o±Æ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø2o °Æ·±Æ  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·°  ̄1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈· ̈¥a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛË ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄ ”Ã ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æi ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao 

± ×oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ Æ± ́ ̈·2a¥ß ±°aÆø ̈ao 

æ ̃ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i ¤21·2a Æa°±©aÆ oø ̈ø 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ a21·2a ßaøÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

i Œa°±©aÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø¥¥ a21·2aÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3±o·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ °¥ø22ao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ×21⁄2¥ ́oa oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o  ́°1Æøoa­  ̈± ­ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧·21­ ø­ a® ̧ø ́­ ̈ 

­ß­ ̈a3­Ù a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2­Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃ 

i –Æao·1⁄2 ̈ao ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø ©· ̈ ̧ 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æi ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ±° ̈·±2 o±Æ °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß 

ÏÚ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃Ê Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

ø ̃ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ 

± a ̧·1⁄2¥a ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 “ ́3æaÆ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ‘·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù a21·2a ßaøÆÙ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

± –Æ±±o ±o ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o±Æ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø2o °Æ·±Æ  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·°  ̄1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈· ̈¥a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄ ”Ã ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛÁ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao 

± ×oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ Æ± ́ ̈·2a¥ß ±°aÆø ̈ao 

æ ̃ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i “a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ a21·2a ßaøÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃ 

i –Æao·1⁄2 ̈ao ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø ©· ̈ ̧ 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æi ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ±° ̈·±2 o±Æ °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃ 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß 

ÎÚ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ï ̃Ê  ̈ ̧ÆaaÛ©øß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

ø ̃ ÃŒÀ›’ flÊ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ  ̄3 ́­ ̈ æa ”«ÓððÌÛÓððÍ ̃ 

± a ̧·1⁄2¥a ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 “ ́3æaÆ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ‘·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù a21·2a ßaøÆÙ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

± › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±o±3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21  ̄a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a21·2a 3·¥aø1a ·o ±o±3a ̈aÆ ·­ 

3·­­·21 ±Æ æÆ±μa2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

± –Æ±±o ±o ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o±Æ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø2o °Æ·±Æ  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·°  ̄1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈· ̈¥a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄ ”Ã ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æi ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao 

± ×oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ Æ± ́ ̈·2a¥ß ±°aÆø ̈ao 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛÔð ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

æ ̃ ÃŒÀ›’ fiÊ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ  ̄3 ́­ ̈ æa ”«ÔÁÁð ±Æ ±¥oaÆ ̃ 

± a ̧·1⁄2¥a ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 “ ́3æaÆ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ‘·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù a21·2a ßaøÆÙ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

± › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±o±3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21  ̄a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a21·2a 3·¥aø1a ·o ±o±3a ̈aÆ ·­ 

3·­­·21 ±Æ æÆ±μa2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

± –Æ±±o ±o ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o±Æ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø2o °Æ·±Æ  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·°  ̄1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈· ̈¥a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ 

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄ ”Ã ̃ 

± fl22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æi ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao 

± ×oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ Æ± ́ ̈·2a¥ß ±°aÆø ̈ao 

1⁄2 ̃ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

ÃŒÀ›’ fl 

i Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a oø ̈ø 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ø2o 2ø3a ±o oaTM·1⁄2a 

± flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2aÙ “—®  ̇ –” Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄ ̊ ̃ 

i –Æao·1⁄2 ̈ao TM±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø 

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÃŒÀ›’ › 

i “a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ  ̄3 ́­ ̈ æa ”«ÓððÈ ±Æ 2a©aÆ ̃ 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ a21·2a ßaøÆÙ a21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°a 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃ 

i –Æao·1⁄2 ̈ao TM±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø 

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æi ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3äŸ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® fiÊ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ fiÛÔÔ ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððË

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ±° ̈·±2 o±Æ °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃ 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß