The case is unanimously ordered submitted without oral argument *

pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). This order and

judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,

res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of

orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the

terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

F I LED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

May 23, 2006

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

HEZEKIAH JOEL COLBERT,

Petitioner-Appellant,

v.

RON WARD; STATE OF

OKLAHOMA,

Respondents-Appellees.

No. 05-6314

(D.C. No. 04-CV-141-R)

(W.D. Okla.)

ORDER*

Before KELLY, McKAY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.

Hezekiah J. Colbert, a state prisoner appealing pro se, requests a certificate

of appealabiltiy (“COA”) to appeal the denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas

petition. For substantially the same reasons as set forth by the district court, we

DENY a COA and DISMISS. 

Colbert, who was represented by counsel, pled guilty to one felony offense

of carrying a weapon with unlawful intent after former conviction of a felony, and
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one misdemeanor offense of unlawfully carrying a weapon. The state district

court sentenced him to 126 months in prison. Ten days later, Colbert filed a

motion to withdraw his guilty plea on the ground that his plea was not “knowing

and voluntary” and that entry of the plea was “contrary to applicable law.” The

state district court denied this motion. 

Colbert then filed two applications for post-conviction relief, each

attempting to withdraw his guilty plea. Both applications were construed by the

Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals (“OCCA”) as seeking an out-of-time appeal

with respect to his motion to withdraw his guilty plea, and thus the OCCA

declined to exercise jurisdiction over his appeals. 

Following these denials, Colbert filed another motion with the state district

court to withdraw his guilty plea. Finding that Colbert knowingly and voluntarily

entered into his pleas, the state district court denied this motion. New counsel

from the Oklahoma Indigent Defense system appealed the state district court’s

denial of Colbert’s motion to the OCCA, asserting that (1) the trial court erred by

denying his motion to withdraw his guilty pleas, (2) reversible error occurred

when the trial court accepted his plea without informing him of the elements of

each offense charged, and (3) his plea was invalid because the trial court failed to

establish an adequate factual basis for his plea. OCCA affirmed the denial of his

motion to withdraw his guilty plea, and found that because he failed to raise his

second or third arguments at the trial court level those claims were waived. 
 Colbert’s petition was filed after April 24, 1996, the effective date of the 1

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (“AEDPA”); as a result, AEDPA’s

provisions apply to this case. See Rogers v. Gibson, 173 F.3d 1278, 1282 n.1

(10th Cir. 1999) (citing Lindh v. Murphy, 521 U.S. 320 (1997)). AEDPA

conditions a petitioner's right to appeal a denial of habeas relief under § 2254

upon a grant of a COA. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). A COA may be issued “only if

the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional

right.” § 2253(c)(2). This requires Colbert to show “that reasonable jurists could

debate whether (or, for that matter, agree that) the petition should have been

resolved in a different manner or that the issues presented were adequate to

deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473,

484 (2000) (quotations omitted). Because the district court denied Colbert a COA,

he may not appeal the district court’s decision absent a grant of COA by this

court. 

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After the OCCA affirmed the state district court’s denial of his motion to

withdraw his plea, Colbert filed a habeas petition in federal district court raising

five arguments. He argued that (1) he did not knowingly and voluntarily enter

into his guilty plea; (2) the evidence against him was obtained as a result of an

unlawful search and seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment; (3) he

received ineffective assistance from his trial counsel; (4) he was denied the right

to an appeal and to a fair and speedy trial, and (5) the prosecutor engaged in

misconduct during sentencing. This petition was denied by the district court. 

Having failed to obtain a COA from that court, Colbert now seeks a COA from

this court. 

1

On appeal, Colbert raises four arguments. First, he argues that he received

ineffective assistance of counsel because he told his counsel he thought he wanted

to go to trial, but that his counsel never discussed preparation for trial with him,
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insisted that Colbert plead guilty, and informed Colbert that in exchange for

pleading guilty he would receive probation. Because the state court addressed

this issue on the merits, Colbert can only prevail if its ruling denying his

ineffective assistance of counsel claim was “contrary to, or involved an

unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the

Supreme Court of the United States,” or was based on an unreasonable

determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court

proceeding. 28 U.S.C. 2254(d)(1), (2). 

In order to prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the

defendant must show that counsel’s performance was deficient and that such

deficient performance prejudiced the defendant. Strickland v. Washington, 466

U.S. 668, 687 (1984). With respect to the prejudice prong of the analysis, the

defendant must show that “there is a reasonable probability, but for counsel’s

errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to

trial.” Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 58-59 (1985). 

The OCCA’s holding that Colbert did not receive ineffective assistance of

counsel was not contrary to, and did not involve the unreasonable application of,

clearly established Federal law as determined by the Supreme Court. Colbert’s

conclusory and vague allegations regarding his trial counsel’s professionally

unreasonable conduct during the plea process are insufficient to show that his

counsel’s performance was constitutionally deficient. Additionally, Colbert has
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presented no evidence that would demonstrate there is a reasonable probability he

would not have entered into the guilty plea but for the alleged errors of his

counsel. As such there is no prejudice. 

Colbert’s three remaining arguments on appeal are that (1) the prosecutor

committed misconduct during the sentencing process, (2) he is factually innocent

of the charges to which he pleaded guilty, and (3) the district court erred in

failing to conduct an evidentiary hearing on his motion to withdraw his guilty

plea during the required 30-day period. We do not need to reach the merits of

these claims because they are procedurally defaulted.

Under 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1), habeas corpus relief may not be granted

unless the applicant has exhausted the remedies available in the state courts. If a

petitioner has failed to “exhaust state remedies and the court to which the

petitioner would be required to present his claims in order to meet the exhaustion

requirement would now find the claims procedurally barred the claims are

considered exhausted and procedurally defaulted for purposes of habeas relief.”

Thomas v. Gibson, 218 F.3d 1213, 1221 (10th Cir. 2000) (internal quotations

omitted). Colbert never raised these claims in his petitions for post-conviction,

and thus these claims would be procedurally barred in Oklahoma courts. See

Smith v. State, 546 P.2d 1351, 1354 (Okla. Crim. App. 1976) (holding that all

issues known to a petitioner must be raised in the first application for post

conviction relief in the trial court or they will be deemed to have been waived). 
- 6 -

Additionally, Colbert has not presented any evidence that our failure to review

these claims will result in a fundamental miscarriage of justice. See Ballinger v.

Kerby, 3 F.3d 1371, 1375 (10th Cir. 1993) (holding that in certain “extraordinary

circumstances” it would be a miscarriage of justice to fail to review an actual

innocence claim because the petitioner’s claim is procedurally defaulted). 

Accordingly, Colbert’s application for a COA is DENIED, and his appeal

is DISMISSED. The motion to proceed in forma pauperis is GRANTED. 

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Carlos F. Lucero

Circuit Judge