DOE/EIA-0584 (2003) 

 

Annual Coal Report 

2003 

Energy Information Administration 

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Washington, DC 20585 

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

This report is available on the Web at: 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/acr/acr.pdf

_____________________________________________ 

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical 

agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be not be construed as 

advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization. 
ii Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Contacts 

This publication was prepared by Fred Freme under the 

direction of William Watson, coal team leader, and Betsy 

O’Brien, Director, Coal, Nuclear, and Renewables Fuels 

Division, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate 

Fuels within the Energy Information Administration, 

U.S. Department of Energy. Specific information about 

the data in this report can be obtained from Fred Freme 

at (202) 287-1740, or e-mail at 

Frederick.Freme@eia.doe.gov. Other questions on coal 

statistics should be directed to the National Energy 

Information Center at (202) 586-8800 or e-mail at 

infoctr@eia.doe.gov.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 iii

Preface 

The Annual Coal Report (ACR) provides information 

about U.S. coal production, number of mines, prices, 

productivity, employment, productive capacity, and 

recoverable reserves to a wide audience, including 

Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, 

and the general public. This report is published by the 

Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill data 

collection and dissemination responsibilities as specified 

in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 

(Public Law 93-275), as amended. 

This report presents annual data on coal production, 

prices, recoverable reserves, employment, productivity, 

productive capacity, consumption, and stocks. U.S. coal 

production, employment, and productivity are based on 

the U.S. Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health 

Administration’s Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine 

Employment and Coal Production Report.” Prices, 

recoverable reserves, and productive capacity are based 

on EIA’s annual survey form, EIA-7A, “Coal Production 

Report.” 

This report is the 28th annual report on coal production 

published by EIA and continues the series formerly 

included in the Minerals Yearbook published by the 

Bureau of Mines. 

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels 

acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents in 

supplying the information published in the Annual Coal 

Report and appreciates the valuable assistance of State 

coal mining agencies and the U.S. Department of Labor, 

Mine Safety and Health Administration. 
iv Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Contents 

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Coal Production........................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Productive Capacity ............................................................................................................................................................... 25

Recoverable Reserves............................................................................................................................................................. 29

Employment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Productivity ............................................................................................................................................................................ 41

Domestic Markets .................................................................................................................................................................. 49

Average Mine Sales Price ...................................................................................................................................................... 53

Average Consumer Prices ...................................................................................................................................................... 63

Glossary.................................................................................................................................................................................. 65
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 v
vi Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Tables 

1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2003-2002 ............................................................... 10

2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2003.......................................................... 12

3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2003............................................................................... 16

4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2003 ...................................................................................... 17

5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2003..................................................... 18

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2003 ......................................................................... 19

7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2003..................................................................................... 20

8. Coal Disposition by State, 2003..................................................................................................................................... 21

9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2003 ........................................................................................................................................ 22

10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2003 .................................................................................................................................. 23

11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2003, 2002.............................................................................................. 26

12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2003, 2002.............................................................................................. 27

13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 2003......... 28

14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2003, 2002 .................. 30

15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve 

Base by Mining Method, 2003....................................................................................................................................... 31

16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and 

Mining Method, 2003 .................................................................................................................................................... 32

17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production 

Range and Mine Type, 2003 .......................................................................................................................................... 33

18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2003, 2002 .......................................................................... 36

19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 2003....... 37

20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2003 ........................ 39

21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2003, 2002.................................................................................... 42

22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2003................................................................ 44

23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2003..................................................... 45

24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2003...................................................................... 47

25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2003.................................................................................... 50

26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2003, 2002 .............................................. 51

27. Year-End Coal Stocks by End-Use Sector, by Census Division, 2003, 2002................................................................ 52

28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2003, 2002.......................................................... 54

29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2003...................................... 55

30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2003 .......................................... 56

31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2003 .................................................................... 60

32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2003...................................... 61

33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2003................................................................................. 62

34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2003, 2002 .................................. 64
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 vii
1 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Executive Summary 

U.S. coal production fell for the second year in a row in 

2003, declining by 22.5 million short tons to end the year at 

1,071.8 million short tons, according to data from the 

Energy Information Administration (Table ES1), down 2.1 

percent from the 2002 level of 1,094.3 million short tons. 

(Note: All percentage change calculations are done at the 

short ton level.) Total U.S. coal consumption rose in 2003, 

with all but one coal-consuming sector increasing for the 

year. Coal consumption in the electric power sector 

increased by 2.7 percent. However, there were only slight 

gains in consumption by most of the other sectors. 

Consumer coal stocks declined during the year, as 

consumers used their stockpiles to help meet increased 

demands that were experienced in 2003. 

In 2003 the rebounding economy, coupled with the slightly 

warmer than normal summer experienced in the western 

part of the country, helped to drive up the demand for coal 

during the year. Although preliminary data show that total 

electricity generation decreased by 0.2 percent in 2003, 

coal-based generation increased by 1.6 percent, resulting in 

a 26.8-million-short-ton increase in coal consumed in the 

electric power sector. Total coal use in the non-electricity 

sector (coke plants, other industrial plants, and the 

residential and commercial sectors) rose by 1.8 percent to a 

level of 90.4 million short tons. 

The average delivered price of coal increased in the electric 

utility sector (a subset of the electric power sector), while 

declining in the coking coal and other industrial sectors in 

2003. The electric utility price increase was 2.2 percent, 

while the decrease was less than 0.1 percent for coking coal 

prices, and 2.2 percent for the other industrial sector. 

Production 

U.S. coal production decreased in 2003 by 2.1 percent to a 

level of 1,071.8 million short tons (Figure ES1 and Table 

ES1), a production level just slightly above the 1996 level 

of 1063.9 million short tons. For the first time since 2000, 

all three coal-producing regions declined for the year, with 

a slight drop in production in the Interior and Western 

Regions, while the large decline in Appalachia accounted 

for over 89 percent of the total decrease in U.S. coal 

production (Figure ES2 and Table ES2). As coal demand 

increased during the year, the decrease in U.S. coal 

production in 2003 of 22.5 million short tons was offset by 

a decrease in both consumer and producer stockpiles of 

26.9 million short tons. 

There were several issues that had an impact on coal 

production in 2003. Some of them were minor and had 

temporary effects (weather and transportation), while some 

were major and could affect the coal industry well into the 

future (legal and financial). 

Among the minor issues were weather (rain or the lack 

thereof), transportation bottlenecks, and a one-day 

disruption in the electric power grid. The weather played a 

part in some of the transportation bottlenecks. The lack of 

rain led to low water levels in the river transportation system, in particular on the Mississippi River in January and 

again in August, which resulted in delayed coal barge 

shipments. There were severe rains in the Powder River 

Basin in June that impacted both coal production (causing 

some mine pit flooding and collapsing highwalls) and 

transportation (delays in train deliveries). Rail congestion 

problems continued to occur periodically in some States in 

the Western Region during the year. In August of 2003, 

there was an electricity blackout that affected over 50 

million customers in the northeast United States and 

portions of Canada. 

The major issues that had an effect on coal production in 

2003 were primarily legal and financial, but also included 

operational problems. Legal issues continue to swirl around 

all aspects of the coal industry. The industry was still mired 

in the aftereffects of some actions that had been working 

their way through the legal system for several years, as well 

as some new legal challenges that occurred during the year. 

The subject of increasing the legal weight of coal trucks 

used to transport coal in southern West Virginia was 

resolved in 2003, with an increase in the amount of coal 

that trucks could transport on designated highways. Also, 

with the circuit court overturning the suspension in the 

issuing of permits by the Army Corps of Engineers office 

in Huntington, West Virginia (covering eastern Kentucky, 

Ohio, and southern West Virginia), the resumption in the 

permitting system was slowed due to the backlog that had 

occurred while the lawsuit progressed through the legal 

system. The backlog contributed to the delay in the 

opening of new mines in that area with the renewal of 

existing permits taking precedence. 

Also, there were new legal challenges to the coal industry 

in 2003. A new lawsuit was filed over the level of 

environmental review needed in the permitting system 

process as well as new challenges to the New Source 

Review program requirements for power plants. A 

coalition of environmental groups filed a lawsuit stating 

that all applications for permits should get full 

environmental review, while a coalition of several States 

and local governments sued the Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) to block the implementation of the new rule 

published at the end of October. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 2

Table ES1. U.S. Coal Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 2002-2003 

 (Million Short Tons and Dollars per Short Ton) 

Item 2002 2003 

Production by Region 

 Appalachian 396.2 376.0 

 Interior 146.6 146.0 

 Western 550.4 548.7 

 Refuse Recovery 1.0 1.1 

Total 1,094.3 1,071.8 

Consumption by Sector 

 Electric Power 977.5 1,004.3 

 Coke Plants 23.7 24.2 

 Other Industrial Plants 60.7 62.0 

 Residential/Commercial 4.4 4.2 

Total 1,066.4 1,094.7 

 

Year-End Coal Stocks 

 Electric Power 141.7 121.4 

 Coke Plants 1.4 1.0 

 Other Industrial Plants 5.8 4.7 

 Producers/Distributors 43.3 38.3 

Total 192.1 165.3 

 

Average Delivered Price 

 Electric Utilities $24.74 $25.29 

 Independent Power Producers $27.96 $27.02 

 Coke Plants $50.67 $50.63 

 Other Industrial Plants $35.49 $34.70 

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sum of stock changes and consumption 

may not equal production, primarily because the supply and disposition data are obtained from different surveys. 

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2003, tables 1; 26; 27; and 34; DOE/EIA-0584 (2003) 

(Washington, DC, September 2004); Electric Power Monthly, April 2004, table 4.3; DOE/EIA-0226 (2004/04). 

Bankruptcies continued to exert their influence on the 

coal industry as several producers and a few consumers 

were still trying to emerge from Chapter 11 during the 

year and another mid-sized coal company filed for 

bankruptcy protection in 2003 as it tried to realign its 

finances. The year also saw the continuing effort of 

several companies trying to exit the coal business by 

selling their mining interests to other parties. Adverse 

geological conditions and equipment problems continue 

to trouble some mining operations in both the 

Appalachian and Western Regions, while underground 

fires in Appalachia caused some mining operations to 

temporarily suspend production during 2003. 

Appalachian Region 

Although there was a slight increase in U.S. coal exports 

in 2003 (which are primarily produced in the East), the 

Appalachian region experienced another decline in coal 

production, the fifth drop in the last six years. Coal 

production in the Appalachian Region declined in 2003 

to a total of 376.0 million short tons, the lowest level 

seen since 1978, when coal production was curtailed by a 

United Mine Workers of America strike which lasted 

from December 6, 1977, to March 25, 1978. 

The decline in coal production in 2003 in the 

Appalachian Region was a result of several factors. The 

legacy of past lawsuits, that had temporarily halted the 

issuance of needed permits to open new mines, continued 

to constrain the amount of coal produced. Bankruptcies 

continued to plague Appalachia as another mid-sized 

coal company filed for Chapter 11 in early 2003, while 

several other coal companies were still working through 

their bankruptcy processes. Geological problems and 

underground mine fires added to the decline in coal 

production in some Appalachian States. Finally, several 
3 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

mines closed as they reached the end of their reserve 

base adding to the continuing reserve depletion that is 

affecting coal production in the East. Declining 

productivity and increasing labor costs also contributed 

to lower production levels in the region. 

West Virginia, the largest coal-producing State in the 

Appalachian Region and the second largest in the United 

States, declined 6.9 percent to end the year with 139.7 

million short tons of production, a level not seen since 

1993. The Pinnacle mine was closed in the fall of 2003 

as a consequence of ventilation problems and was unable 

to produce coal for the rest of the year, while a fire in the 

Loveridge underground mine early in the year disrupted 

its production for some time. Geological problems 

slowed production at other mines in the State, while 

depleted reserves led to the closure of some mines. Four 

other million-ton mines, Windsor, Lightfoot No. 2, Triad 

No. 1, and Fourmile Fork, were placed into a nonproducing status in 2003 as a result of either the 

bankruptcy process or until market conditions support 

the reopening of the mines. 

Eastern Kentucky produced 91.2 million short tons of 

coal in 2003, down by 8.2 million short tons, a level not 

seen since 1976. The drop in Eastern Kentucky is in part 

due to the closing of several mines due to reserve 

depletion and also due to the ongoing bankruptcies 

among several coal producers that have numerous 

operations in Kentucky. 

Pennsylvania produced 63.7 million short tons, a drop of 

6.8 percent from 2002. Some of the decline in coal 

production in Pennsylvania was a result of the idling of 

three mines in 2003. Two of the mines, Burrell and 

Dilworth, were idle the entire year, while the Maple 

Creek mine was idle for the majority of the year. These 

three mines accounted for a total of 6.6 million short tons 

of production in 2002. Alabama, Ohio, and Virginia had 

increased coal production in 2003, while Maryland and 

Tennessee had decreased coal production. Alabama 

benefited from the resumption of mining at the Jim 

Walter’s Mine No. 5, which had experienced an 

explosion in 2002 that halted production for several 

months. Virginia saw an increase as several new mines 

began producing coal during 2003. 

Interior Region 

The Interior Region experienced a slight decrease in coal 

production in 2003, declining by 0.6 million short tons, 

or 0.4 percent. One reason coal production in the Interior 

Region did not fall further was the increased coal 

production in Mississippi and Texas. The demand for 

coal by the electric power sector in both States helped to 

keep total coal production in the Interior Region from 

eroding further. Mississippi, in its fifth year of recorded 

coal production, increased production by 1.4 million 

short tons, to a level of 3.7 million short tons. This 

additional production was a result of the increased coal 

needs of the mine’s only customer, a power plant, for its 

first full year of operation in 2003. Texas, the largest 

coal-producing State in the Interior Region showed an 

increase in its coal production, ending the year at 47.5 

million short tons, up 5.0 percent. This total brought 

Texas back to production levels of the early 1990's, as 

two of the three largest mines in the State, Jewett and 

Sandow, expanded production, while another mine 

previously idle, Tatum, came back into production 

during the year. The increase in coal production in Texas 

was due to increased demand by the electric power sector 

as a result of the high natural gas prices as well as the 

somewhat hotter than normal summer experienced in the 

region during 2003. 

Indiana, the second largest coal-producing State in the 

Interior Region increased slightly in 2003 to 35.4 million 

short tons. Coal production decreased in Illinois by 5.0 

percent to end the year at 31.6 million short tons due to 

the suspension of production in mid-2002 of the Rend 

mine and the closing of the Pattiki mine during early 

2003. Western Kentucky coal production declined in 

2003 by 13.1 percent, to a level of 21.5 million short tons 

due in part to idling of two large mines, the Baker and 

East Volunteer, and the closure of the Camp No. 11 mine 

due to depleted reserves. The other States in the Interior 

region (Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and 

Oklahoma), which accounted for a total of 4.5 percent of 

the entire region’s production in 2003, all differed only 

slightly from their 2002 coal production levels. 

Western Region 

Coal production in the Western Region declined slightly 

in 2003 by a total of 1.7 million short tons, or 0.3 

percent. This decrease was only the fourth one 

experienced for the Western Region in the last 20 years. 

Of the nine States in the Western Region, only three had 

higher coal production levels in 2003: Colorado, 

Washington, and Wyoming. Five of the other six States 

had declines in coal production ranging from 64,000 

short tons to 2.5 million short tons, with the causes of the 

declines ranging from lost coal contracts to the closing of 

some mines in the region due to depleted reserves. 

Wyoming continued its dominance as the biggest coalproducing State in the Nation, a position it has held for 

17 consecutive years. In 2003, Wyoming produced a 

record 376.3 million short tons of coal, an increase of 0.8 

percent for the year. This production level was 12.6 

million short tons more than the combined total of the 

next four largest coal-producing States (West Virginia, 

Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Texas). The sheer 

dominance of Wyoming’s coal industry in the United 

States is further illustrated by the fact that Wyoming 

accounted for about 35 percent of the total U.S. coal 

production, while West Virginia, the Nation’s second 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 4

Figure ES1. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region, 2003 

 (Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2002) 

 Regional totals do not include refuse recovery 

 U.S. Total: 1,071.8 Million Short Tons (-2.1%)

Interior

146.0

(-0.4%)

Western

548.7

(-0.3%)

Appalachian

376.0

(-5.1%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, “Annual Coal Report 2003”, Table 1; DOE/EIA-0584(2003) 

(Washington, D.C., September 2004). 

largest coal-producing State, accounted for about 13 

percent of the U.S. total. 

Colorado produced 35.8 million short tons of coal in 

2003, an increase of 0.7 million short tons. The increase 

in production for Colorado is credited to the increase in 

coal production at the Elk Creek mine in its second year 

of operation. The mine finished installing a longwall 

mining machine at the beginning of 2003. Coal 

production in Washington was up in 2003, ending the 

year at 6.2 million short tons, an increase of 6.9 percent. 

The higher production level was used to generate 

electricity to help replace some of the losses due to the 

still lower-than-normal hydroelectric generation totals in 

the State. 

Montana, the second largest coal-producing State in the 

region, had a slight decline in coal production in 2003 of 

0.4 million short tons, to end the year at 37.0 million 

short tons. Coal production in North Dakota was flat in 

2003, ending the year at 30.8 million short tons. 

Coal production in Utah fell to 23.1 million short tons, a 

drop of 2.2 million short tons, as a result of two mines 

experiencing problems of lower coal seam thickness or 

water intrusion, and one mine suspending production in 

the second half of 2003. Coal production in New Mexico 

declined by 2.5 million short tons, or 8.7 percent, the 

largest decline of any State in the Western Region. The 

drop in coal production in New Mexico was a 

consequence of the closure of the La Plata mine at the 

end of 2002, as well as the down time experienced by a 

longwall mining machine move at another mine and an 

outage at a customer plant that lowered coal demand. 

The other two States in the Western Region (Alaska and 

Arizona) both had declines in their coal production levels 

in 2003. 

Consumption 

As the economy recovered in 2003, so did total U.S. coal 

consumption. Total coal consumption increased 28.3 

million short tons to reach a level of 1,094.7 million 

short tons, surpassing the consumption level of 1,084.1 

million short tons achieved in 2000 (Table ES1). Almost 

92 percent of all coal consumed in the United States was 

in the electric power sector, the driving force for all coal 

consumption. 
5 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Coal consumption in the electric power sector increased 

by 26.8 million short tons to end 2003 at a record level of 

1,004.3 million short tons, surpassing the 2000 

consumption total of 985.8 million short tons (Figure 

ES2). Nationally, gains in electricity generation by 

hydroelectric plants and other sources, as well as coal, 

helped to make up the loss in generation experienced by 

the nuclear and natural gas sectors. The decline in 

electric generation by natural gas was due to its high 

prices during 2003. Part of the decline in nuclear 

generation was a consequence of the shutdown of nine 

reactors in the northeastern United States as a result of 

the blackout in August. It was estimated that the total 

days of lost generation by those reactors was 43 days. 

Another factor helping to drive the increase in total coal 

consumption for electric generation was the hotter-thannormal summer weather experienced during July and 

August over the western portion of the country in 2003. 

Overall, the United States experienced a 7.2-percent 

increase above normal in cooling degree-days during the 

summer, while the western portion of the country 

experienced a 13.9-percent increase above normal. Of 

the eight Census Divisions that had increases in coal 

consumption in 2003, two of the western divisions, the 

West North Central and the West South Central 

accounted for 47.6 percent of the increase in total coal 

consumption in the electric power sector. 

Only one of the nine Census Divisions had lower coal 

consumption for electricity generation in 2003, the South 

Atlantic. The South Atlantic Census Division is one of 

the five Census Divisions, (East North Central, West 

North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, and 

Mountain) where coal usually accounts for over 50 

percent of total electric power generation from all energy 

sources. The other four of those five divisions, the East 

North Central, the West North Central, the East South 

Central and the Mountain, all had an increase in coal 

consumption in the electric power sector in 2003 ranging 

from an increase of 2.7 million short tons in the East 

South Central to 6.1 million short tons in the West North 

Central Division. Together, these four Census Divisions 

accounted for 17.3 million short tons (64.7 percent) of 

the total increase in electric power coal consumption. In 

the one Census Division that had the largest increase in 

total coal consumption, the West South Central, where 

coal and natural gas compete to be the leading fuel for 

electricity generation, (together the two fuel sources 

typically account for 80 to 85 percent of total generation 

during a year), coal consumption for electric power 

generation increased 6.6 million short tons in 2003 as 

coal displaced the higher-priced natural gas. 

For the first time since 2000, overall coal consumption in 

the non-electric power sector increased in 2003, with 

gains in coking coal consumption and other industrial 

coal consumption. Coal consumption in the residential 

and commercial sector declined slightly in 2003. 

It was a good-news/bad-news year for the coking coal 

industry. In 2003, increased demand for steel in the 

United States resulted in an increase in coal consumption 

at coke plants for the first time in three years. Coal 

consumption at coke plants was 24.2 million short tons, 

an increase of 2.5 percent. However, in November, the 

Figure ES2. Electric Power Sector Consumption of Coal by Census Division, 2003

 (Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2002) 

U.S. Total = 1,004.3 (2.7 %)

Pacific

12.0 (14.4%)

Mountain

115.9 (2.6%)

West

North Central

148.6 (4.3%)

West South Central

152.5 (4.6%)

East

South Central

107.4 (4.6%)

South Atlantic

170.3 (-0.2%)

Middle Atlantic

64.3 (2.0%)

New England

8.2 (4.2%)

East

North Central

225.1 (2.5%)

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2003, Table 26, DOE/EIA-0584(2004) (Washington, DC, 

September 2004).
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 6

U.S. Government lifted the tariffs on foreign steel 

imports that had been in place since early 2002, in part, 

as a response to a World Trade Organization report that 

stated the tariffs were inconsistent with safeguards 

against protectionism. In April, the EPA enacted final 

rules to control emissions from coke plants that could 

result in the closure of some of the aging coke ovens. 

The good news for the coking coal industry was that, in 

December, construction began on a new coke plant in 

Ohio that should be on line in early 2005. The new plant 

will use a process that virtually eliminates coke oven 

emissions, thereby meeting the new EPA regulations. 

The economic recovery did not extend very deeply into 

the coal-consuming manufacturing sector in 2003, but 

did result in an increase in coal consumption in the other 

industrial sector of only 2.0 percent to end the year at 

62.0 million short tons. The manufacturing sectors that 

experienced increases in coal consumption in 2003 

include the food, beverage, primary metal, fabricated 

metal, and furniture manufacturing. 

Coal Prices

Coal prices declined slightly in 2003 at the national level 

for mines. The average open market price of coal was 

$17.85 per ton in 2003, a drop of 14 cents per ton from 

2002. The price per ton of surface mined coal declined 

in 2003 by 23 cents per ton, while the price of 

underground coal increased by 3 cents per ton at the 

national level. Coal prices in the consuming sectors 

were mixed in 2003. Coal prices to electric utilities (a 

subset of the electric power sector) increased for the third 

year. However, the delivered price of coal declined in the 

other sectors in 2003. The average delivered price of coal 

to electric utilities was $25.29 per short ton (124.3 cents 

per million Btu), up 2.2 percent from the annual 2002 

level of $24.74 per short ton (121.8 cents per million 

Btu) (Table ES1). Coal prices at independent power 

producers showed a decline in average delivered price 

from $27.96 per short ton (137.5 cents per million Btu) 

in 2002 to $27.02 per short ton (135.8 cents per million 

Btu) in 2003. Although there was an increase in 

consumption by the domestic coking coal market, the 

average delivered price of coal to coke plants decreased 

slightly in 2003 by less than 0.1 percent to $50.63 per 

short ton. The average price of coal delivered to the other 

industrial sector was lower in 2003 by 2.2 percent, 

ending the year at $34.70 per short ton. 

Coal Stocks 

Total coal stocks at the end of 2003 totaled 165.3 million 

short tons, a decrease of 26.8 million short tons from the 

prior year. Coal stocks held by coal producers and 

distributors decreased by 5.0 million short tons, a drop of 

11.5 percent as producers used their stockpiles to 

supplement the lower production level. Industrial users, 

including coke plants, held a total of 5.7 million short 

tons at the end of 2003, 1.5 million short tons less than 

the level at the start of the year. Coal stocks in the 

electric power sector dropped 20.3 million short tons, 

down 14.3 percent, as facilities used their stockpiles to 

meet increasing demand for electricity. 
7 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table ES2. U.S. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region and State, 2002-2003 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region 

and State 2002 2003 

Appalachian Total 

 

 396.2 

 

 376.0 

 Alabama 18.9 20.1 

 Kentucky, Eastern 99.4 91.2 

 Maryland 5.1 5.1 

 Ohio 21.2 22.0 

 Pennsylvania Total 68.4 63.7 

 Anthracite 1.3 1.3 

 Bituminous 67.1 62.5 

 Tennessee 3.2 2.6 

 Virginia 30.0 31.6 

 West Virginia 150.1 139.7 

 Northern 34.0 34.9 

 Southern 116.0 104.8 

 

Interior Total 

 

 146.6 

 

 146.0 

 Arkansas * * 

 Illinois 33.3 31.6 

 Indiana 35.3 35.4 

 Kansas 0.2 0.2 

 Kentucky, Western 24.7 21.5 

 Louisiana 3.8 4.0 

 Mississippi 2.3 3.7 

 Missouri 0.2 0.5 

 Oklahoma 1.4 1.6 

 Texas 45.2 47.5 

 

Western Total 

 

 550.4 

 

 548.7 

 Alaska 1.1 1.1 

 Arizona 12.8 12.1 

 Colorado 35.1 35.8 

 Montana 37.4 37.0 

 New Mexico 28.9 26.4 

 North Dakota 30.8 30.8 

 Utah 25.3 23.1 

 Washington 5.8 6.2 

 Wyoming 373.2 376.3 

Refuse Recovery 1.0 1.1 

U.S. Total 

 

 1,094.3 

 

 1,071.8 

________________________________________________________________________ 

* = Less than 50 thousand short tons. 

Note: Totals may not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine Employment 

and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 8
9 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Coal Production 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 10

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2003-2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2003 2002 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama .................................................... 43 20,118 41 18,931 4.9 6.3

 Underground............................................ 9 15,375 9 14,916 - 3.1

 Surface..................................................... 34 4,742 32 4,015 6.3 18.1

Alaska ........................................................ 1 1,081 1 1,146 - -5.6

 Surface..................................................... 1 1,081 1 1,146 - -5.6

Arizona ...................................................... 2 12,059 2 12,804 - -5.8

 Surface..................................................... 2 12,059 2 12,804 - -5.8

Arkansas.................................................... 2 8 4 14 -50.0 -45.1

 Underground............................................ 1 1 1 1 - 11.9

 Surface..................................................... 1 7 3 13 -66.7 -49.1

Colorado.................................................... 12 35,831 13 35,103 -7.7 2.1

 Underground............................................ 8 27,177 8 25,332 - 7.3

 Surface..................................................... 4 8,654 5 9,771 -20.0 -11.4

Illinois ........................................................ 22 31,640 22 33,314 - -5.0

 Underground............................................ 14 25,985 15 26,931 -6.7 -3.5

 Surface..................................................... 8 5,655 7 6,383 14.3 -11.4

Indiana....................................................... 31 35,355 34 35,337 -8.8 *

 Underground............................................ 8 8,635 6 7,909 33.3 9.2

 Surface..................................................... 23 26,720 28 27,428 -17.9 -2.6

Kansas........................................................ 1 154 1 205 - -24.9

 Surface..................................................... 1 154 1 205 - -24.9

Kentucky ................................................... 399 112,680 427 124,142 -6.6 -9.2

 Underground............................................ 213 69,238 233 75,589 -8.6 -8.4

 Surface..................................................... 186 43,442 194 48,553 -4.1 -10.5

 Eastern...................................................... 374 91,184 399 99,398 -6.3 -8.3

 Underground............................................ 201 52,078 219 56,413 -8.2 -7.7

 Surface..................................................... 173 39,106 180 42,984 -3.9 -9.0

 Western..................................................... 25 21,496 28 24,744 -10.7 -13.1

 Underground............................................ 12 17,160 14 19,176 -14.3 -10.5

 Surface..................................................... 13 4,337 14 5,569 -7.1 -22.1

Louisiana ................................................... 2 4,028 2 3,803 - 5.9

 Surface..................................................... 2 4,028 2 3,803 - 5.9

Maryland................................................... 16 5,056 17 5,147 -5.9 -1.8

 Underground............................................ 2 3,300 3 3,328 -33.3 -0.8

 Surface..................................................... 14 1,756 14 1,820 - -3.5

Mississippi ................................................. 1 3,695 1 2,305 - 60.3

 Surface..................................................... 1 3,695 1 2,305 - 60.3

Missouri..................................................... 2 533 2 248 - 115.1

 Surface..................................................... 2 533 2 248 - 115.1

Montana .................................................... 7 36,994 6 37,386 16.7 -1.0

 Underground............................................ 1 32 - - - -

 Surface..................................................... 6 36,962 6 37,386 - -1.1

New Mexico............................................... 5 26,389 7 28,916 -28.6 -8.7

 Underground............................................ 1 5,890 1 1,753 - 235.9

 Surface..................................................... 4 20,499 6 27,163 -33.3 -24.5

North Dakota ............................................ 4 30,775 4 30,799 - *

 Surface..................................................... 4 30,775 4 30,799 - *

Ohio............................................................ 54 22,009 60 21,157 -10.0 4.0

 Underground............................................ 7 12,828 9 10,851 -22.2 18.2

 Surface..................................................... 47 9,182 51 10,306 -7.8 -10.9

Oklahoma.................................................. 7 1,565 6 1,406 16.7 11.3

 Underground............................................ 1 393 1 463 - -15.3

 Surface..................................................... 6 1,172 5 943 20.0 24.4

Pennsylvania ............................................. 242 63,725 254 68,393 -4.7 -6.8

 Underground............................................ 58 52,212 69 55,781 -15.9 -6.4

 Surface..................................................... 184 11,512 185 12,612 -0.5 -8.7

 Anthracite................................................. 64 1,260 67 1,303 -4.5 -3.4

 Underground............................................ 22 282 26 305 -15.4 -7.6

 Surface..................................................... 42 977 41 998 2.4 -2.1

 Bituminous ............................................... 178 62,465 187 67,090 -4.8 -6.9

 Underground............................................ 36 51,930 43 55,476 -16.3 -6.4

 Surface..................................................... 142 10,535 144 11,614 -1.4 -9.3

Tennessee................................................... 23 2,564 23 3,166 - -19.0

 Underground............................................ 10 657 12 1,085 -16.7 -39.5

 Surface..................................................... 13 1,907 11 2,081 18.2 -8.3

Texas.......................................................... 13 47,517 12 45,247 8.3 5.0

 Surface..................................................... 13 47,517 12 45,247 8.3 5.0

Utah............................................................ 14 23,069 13 25,304 7.7 -8.8

 Underground............................................ 13 23,044 12 25,036 8.3 -8.0

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
11 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2003-2002 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2003 2002 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface..................................................... 1 25 1 268 - -90.6

Virginia...................................................... 123 31,596 137 29,956 -10.2 5.5

 Underground............................................ 79 21,225 95 20,491 -16.8 3.6

 Surface..................................................... 44 10,371 42 9,465 4.8 9.6

Washington ............................................... 1 6,232 1 5,827 - 6.9

 Surface..................................................... 1 6,232 1 5,827 - 6.9

West Virginia............................................ 249 139,711 291 150,078 -14.4 -6.9

 Underground............................................ 155 86,793 180 87,918 -13.9 -1.3

 Surface..................................................... 94 52,919 111 62,160 -15.3 -14.9

 Northern................................................... 58 34,949 64 34,032 -9.4 2.7

 Underground............................................ 32 30,029 38 28,683 -15.8 4.7

 Surface..................................................... 26 4,921 26 5,350 - -8.0

 Southern ................................................... 191 104,762 227 116,045 -15.9 -9.7

 Underground............................................ 123 56,764 142 59,235 -13.4 -4.2

 Surface..................................................... 68 47,998 85 56,810 -20.0 -15.5

Wyoming ................................................... 18 376,270 18 373,161 - 0.8

 Surface..................................................... 18 376,270 18 373,161 - 0.8

 

Appalachian Total.................................... 1,124 375,962 1,222 396,226 -8.0 -5.1

 Underground............................................ 521 244,468 596 250,783 -12.6 -2.5

 Surface..................................................... 603 131,494 626 145,443 -3.7 -9.6

 Northern................................................... 370 125,739 395 128,730 -6.3 -2.3

 Underground............................................ 99 98,369 119 98,642 -16.8 -0.3

 Surface..................................................... 271 27,370 276 30,088 -1.8 -9.0

 Central...................................................... 711 230,106 786 248,565 -9.5 -7.4

 Underground............................................ 413 130,724 468 137,225 -11.8 -4.7

 Surface..................................................... 298 99,382 318 111,340 -6.3 -10.7

 Southern ................................................... 43 20,118 41 18,931 4.9 6.3

 Underground............................................ 9 15,375 9 14,916 - 3.1

 Surface..................................................... 34 4,742 32 4,015 6.3 18.1

Interior Total ............................................ 106 145,992 112 146,622 -5.4 -0.4

 Underground............................................ 36 52,173 37 54,480 -2.7 -4.2

 Surface..................................................... 70 93,819 75 92,142 -6.7 1.8

Illinois Basin Total ................................... 78 88,491 84 93,395 -7.1 -5.3

 Underground............................................ 34 51,779 35 54,016 -2.9 -4.1

 Surface..................................................... 44 36,712 49 39,380 -10.2 -6.8

Western Total ........................................... 64 548,701 65 550,446 -1.5 -0.3

 Underground............................................ 23 56,144 21 52,122 9.5 7.7

 Surface..................................................... 41 492,557 44 498,324 -6.8 -1.2

 Powder River Basin................................. 18 399,953 18 396,663 - 0.8

 Underground............................................ - - - - - -

 Surface..................................................... 18 399,953 18 396,663 - 0.8

 Uinta Region ............................................ 24 58,154 23 59,504 4.3 -2.3

 Underground............................................ 20 49,828 19 50,056 5.3 -0.5

 Surface..................................................... 4 8,326 4 9,448 - -11.9

 

East of Miss. River ................................... 1,203 468,149 1,307 491,927 -8.0 -4.8

West of Miss. River .................................. 91 602,506 92 601,368 -1.1 0.2

 

U.S. Subtotal ............................................. 1,294 1,070,655 1,399 1,093,295 -7.5 -2.1

 

Refuse Recovery ....................................... 22 1,098 27 988 -18.5 11.1

 

U.S. Total.................................................. . 1,316 1,071,753 1,426 1,094,283 -7.7 -2.1

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 12

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama ................................................... 9 15,375 34 4,742 43 20,118

 Cullman ................................................... - - 1 177 1 177

 Franklin ................................................... - - 1 46 1 46

 Jackson .................................................... 1 1 1 55 2 56

 Jefferson .................................................. 3 5,710 6 685 9 6,395

 Marion ..................................................... - - 1 37 1 37

 Shelby...................................................... - - 2 40 2 40

 Tuscaloosa............................................... 4 9,563 5 1,070 9 10,633

 Walker..................................................... 1 102 15 2,540 16 2,643

 Winston ................................................... - - 2 91 2 91

Alaska ....................................................... - - 1 1,081 1 1,081

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division....................... - - 1 1,081 1 1,081

Arizona ..................................................... - - 2 12,059 2 12,059

 Navajo ..................................................... - - 2 12,059 2 12,059

Arkansas ................................................... 1 1 1 7 2 8

 Sebastian.................................................. 1 1 1 7 2 8

Colorado ................................................... 8 27,177 4 8,654 12 35,831

 Delta ........................................................ 1 4,943 - - 1 4,943

 Garfield.................................................... 1 287 - - 1 287

 Gunnison ................................................. 3 11,581 - - 3 11,581

 La Plata.................................................... 1 394 - - 1 394

 Moffat...................................................... - - 2 6,843 2 6,843

 Montrose.................................................. - - 1 353 1 353

 Rio Blanco............................................... 1 1,943 - - 1 1,943

 Routt ........................................................ 1 8,029 1 1,457 2 9,486

Illinois ....................................................... 14 25,985 8 5,655 22 31,640

 Gallatin .................................................... - - 3 3,080 3 3,080

 Jackson .................................................... - - 1 1,401 1 1,401

 Macoupin................................................. 2 4,377 - - 2 4,377

 Mcdonough.............................................. - - 1 199 1 199

 Montgomery............................................ 1 2,169 - - 1 2,169

 Perry ........................................................ - - 1 375 1 375

 Randolph ................................................. 1 2,557 - - 1 2,557

 Saline....................................................... 4 9,573 - - 4 9,573

 Sangamon ................................................ 1 2,133 - - 1 2,133

 Vermilion................................................. 2 1,786 - - 2 1,786

 Wabash .................................................... 1 1,567 1 333 2 1,901

 White ....................................................... 2 1,822 - - 2 1,822

 Williamson .............................................. - - 1 267 1 267

Indiana ...................................................... 8 8,635 23 26,720 31 35,355

 Clay ......................................................... - - 2 1,083 2 1,083

 Daviess .................................................... - - 2 3,454 2 3,454

 Gibson ..................................................... 3 3,013 4 9,777 7 12,790

 Greene ..................................................... - - 2 337 2 337

 Knox ........................................................ 4 3,400 3 1,000 7 4,400

 Parke........................................................ - - 1 6 1 6

 Pike.......................................................... 1 2,221 3 3,484 4 5,705

 Spencer.................................................... - - 1 336 1 336

 Sullivan.................................................... - - 1 1,406 1 1,406

 Vigo......................................................... - - 2 4,630 2 4,630

 Warrick.................................................... - - 2 1,208 2 1,208

Kansas ....................................................... - - 1 154 1 154

 Linn ......................................................... - - 1 154 1 154

Kentucky .................................................. 213 69,238 186 43,442 399 112,680

 Bell .......................................................... 5 917 8 1,164 13 2,081

 Breathitt................................................... - - 5 1,751 5 1,751

 Clay ......................................................... 1 149 4 169 5 318

 Daviess .................................................... - - 1 79 1 79

 Floyd........................................................ 21 1,741 9 1,452 30 3,193

 Harlan ...................................................... 33 8,282 16 2,266 49 10,548

 Henderson................................................ 1 1,558 1 1,385 2 2,944

 Hopkins ................................................... 3 2,790 4 1,000 7 3,790

 Jackson .................................................... - - 3 31 3 31

 Johnson.................................................... 4 379 4 96 8 475

 Knott........................................................ 22 6,580 15 3,621 37 10,201

 Knox ........................................................ 8 254 11 265 19 519

 Laurel....................................................... - - 1 53 1 53

 Lawrence ................................................. 2 662 5 805 7 1,466

 Lee ........................................................... - - 1 18 1 18

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
13 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2003 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Leslie ....................................................... 5 3,105 4 2,115 9 5,220

 Letcher..................................................... 18 4,535 15 1,914 33 6,449

 Magoffin.................................................. - - 1 67 1 67

 Martin ...................................................... 12 4,503 7 4,397 19 8,900

 Mclean..................................................... - - 1 36 1 36

 Muhlenberg ............................................. 1 2,634 6 1,836 7 4,470

 Ohio......................................................... 1 1,271 - - 1 1,271

 Owsley..................................................... - - 2 105 2 105

 Perry ........................................................ 8 3,914 16 8,131 24 12,045

 Pike.......................................................... 61 16,930 43 10,617 104 27,547

 Union....................................................... 3 2,713 - - 3 2,713

 Webster.................................................... 3 6,194 - - 3 6,194

 Whitley .................................................... 1 129 3 67 4 196

Louisiana .................................................. - - 2 4,028 2 4,028

 De Soto.................................................... - - 1 3,464 1 3,464

 Red River................................................. - - 1 564 1 564

Maryland .................................................. 2 3,300 14 1,756 16 5,056

 Allegany .................................................. 1 48 11 1,578 12 1,626

 Garrett...................................................... 1 3,252 3 178 4 3,429

Mississippi ................................................ - - 1 3,695 1 3,695

 Choctaw................................................... - - 1 3,695 1 3,695

Missouri .................................................... - - 2 533 2 533

 Bates ........................................................ - - 2 533 2 533

Montana ................................................... 1 32 6 36,962 7 36,994

 Big Horn.................................................. - - 3 22,962 3 22,962

 Musselshell.............................................. 1 32 - - 1 32

 Richland................................................... - - 1 369 1 369

 Rosebud................................................... - - 2 13,632 2 13,632

New Mexico .............................................. 1 5,890 4 20,499 5 26,389

 Mckinley.................................................. - - 2 11,510 2 11,510

 San Juan................................................... 1 5,890 2 8,989 3 14,879

North Dakota ........................................... - - 4 30,775 4 30,775

 Mclean..................................................... - - 1 7,921 1 7,921

 Mercer ..................................................... - - 2 18,725 2 18,725

 Oliver....................................................... - - 1 4,129 1 4,129

Ohio ........................................................... 7 12,828 47 9,182 54 22,009

 Athens...................................................... 1 1,162 - - 1 1,162

 Belmont ................................................... 1 4,886 7 1,488 8 6,374

 Carroll...................................................... 1 196 2 40 3 236

 Columbiana ............................................. - - 4 409 4 409

 Coshocton................................................ - - 1 424 1 424

 Gallia ....................................................... - - 1 167 1 167

 Harrison................................................... 1 1,342 7 1,941 8 3,283

 Jackson .................................................... - - 2 382 2 382

 Jefferson .................................................. 2 613 6 505 8 1,118

 Mahoning................................................. - - 2 15 2 15

 Monroe .................................................... 1 4,628 - - 1 4,628

 Muskingum.............................................. - - 1 132 1 132

 Noble ....................................................... - - 1 361 1 361

 Perry ........................................................ - - 1 773 1 773

 Stark......................................................... - - 3 473 3 473

 Tuscarawas .............................................. - - 7 991 7 991

 Vinton...................................................... - - 2 1,080 2 1,080

Oklahoma ................................................. 1 393 6 1,172 7 1,565

 Craig ........................................................ - - 1 238 1 238

 Haskell..................................................... - - 1 506 1 506

 Le Flore ................................................... 1 393 2 302 3 695

 Okmulgee ................................................ - - 1 3 1 3

 Rogers...................................................... - - 1 124 1 124

Pennsylvania ............................................ 58 52,212 184 11,512 242 63,725

 Allegheny ................................................ 1 * - - 1 *

 Armstrong................................................ 10 4,166 9 623 19 4,790

 Beaver...................................................... 1 193 - - 1 193

 Butler....................................................... - - 2 83 2 83

 Cambria ................................................... 2 314 9 604 11 918

 Centre ...................................................... - - 1 27 1 27

 Clarion..................................................... - - 5 342 5 342

 Clearfield................................................. - - 31 2,927 31 2,927

 Columbia ................................................. - - 4 180 4 180

 Dauphin ................................................... 1 2 - - 1 2

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 14

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2003 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Elk ........................................................... 1 83 6 434 7 517

 Fayette ..................................................... - - 11 333 11 333

 Greene ..................................................... 7 37,887 5 417 12 38,303

 Indiana..................................................... 6 2,423 17 539 23 2,963

 Jefferson .................................................. 1 151 13 762 14 913

 Lackawanna............................................. - - 2 11 2 11

 Lawrence ................................................. - - 2 26 2 26

 Luzerne.................................................... - - 6 338 6 338

 Lycoming................................................. - - 1 299 1 299

 Mercer ..................................................... - - 1 35 1 35

 Northumberland ...................................... 6 189 2 6 8 194

 Schuylkill................................................. 15 92 28 443 43 535

 Somerset .................................................. 4 1,706 18 2,545 22 4,251

 Venango................................................... - - 1 4 1 4

 Washington.............................................. 3 5,006 3 349 6 5,355

 Westmoreland.......................................... - - 7 185 7 185

Tennessee .................................................. 10 657 13 1,907 23 2,564

 Anderson ................................................. 1 36 2 75 3 111

 Campbell ................................................. 3 174 3 368 6 542

 Claiborne ................................................. 4 313 6 1,230 10 1,542

 Cumberland ............................................. - - 1 219 1 219

 Fentress.................................................... - - 1 15 1 15

 Scott......................................................... 2 135 - - 2 135

Texas ......................................................... - - 13 47,517 13 47,517

 Atascosa................................................... - - 1 3,104 1 3,104

 Freestone ................................................. - - 1 4,276 1 4,276

 Harrison................................................... - - 1 4,233 1 4,233

 Hopkins ................................................... - - 1 2,465 1 2,465

 Leon......................................................... - - 1 7,461 1 7,461

 Milam ...................................................... - - 1 6,091 1 6,091

 Panola ...................................................... - - 2 7,771 2 7,771

 Robertson................................................. - - 1 2,223 1 2,223

 Rusk......................................................... - - 1 4,667 1 4,667

 Titus......................................................... - - 2 5,208 2 5,208

 Webb ....................................................... - - 1 18 1 18

Utah ........................................................... 13 23,044 1 25 14 23,069

 Carbon ..................................................... 6 9,795 1 25 7 9,820

 Emery ...................................................... 6 6,124 - - 6 6,124

 Sevier....................................................... 1 7,126 - - 1 7,126

Virginia ..................................................... 79 21,225 44 10,371 123 31,596

 Buchanan................................................. 21 8,262 13 2,551 34 10,813

 Dickenson................................................ 14 2,061 7 674 21 2,735

 Lee ........................................................... 2 368 1 206 3 574

 Russell ..................................................... 1 68 3 488 4 556

 Tazewell .................................................. 6 1,047 1 247 7 1,294

 Wise......................................................... 35 9,420 19 6,205 54 15,625

Washington .............................................. - - 1 6,232 1 6,232

 Lewis ....................................................... - - 1 6,232 1 6,232

West Virginia ........................................... 155 86,793 94 52,919 249 139,711

 Barbour.................................................... 5 808 3 180 8 989

 Boone....................................................... 22 16,168 13 14,140 35 30,308

 Clay ......................................................... 1 109 2 3,770 3 3,879

 Fayette ..................................................... 3 1,075 5 1,262 8 2,337

 Grant........................................................ 2 147 1 1,218 3 1,364

 Greenbrier................................................ 2 576 - - 2 576

 Harrison................................................... 4 6,434 4 203 8 6,637

 Kanawha.................................................. 8 9,738 8 6,875 16 16,613

 Lincoln..................................................... 2 235 - - 2 235

 Logan....................................................... 8 3,919 12 6,618 20 10,537

 Marion ..................................................... 1 304 3 116 4 421

 Marshall................................................... 1 6,792 - - 1 6,792

 Mcdowell................................................. 32 2,334 9 1,810 41 4,144

 Mineral .................................................... - - 2 70 2 70

 Mingo ...................................................... 15 7,220 9 6,756 24 13,976

 Monongalia.............................................. 3 5,008 5 325 8 5,333

 Nicholas................................................... 4 739 2 4,559 6 5,298

 Ohio......................................................... 1 3,844 - - 1 3,844

 Preston..................................................... 2 2,380 4 25 6 2,406

 Raleigh..................................................... 12 6,875 1 4 13 6,879

 Tucker...................................................... - - 1 67 1 67

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
15 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2003 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

 

 Upshur..................................................... 7 2,056 2 57 9 2,113

 Wayne...................................................... 4 4,424 1 337 5 4,761

 Webster.................................................... 6 2,256 1 2,659 7 4,915

 Wyoming................................................. 10 3,351 6 1,867 16 5,218

Wyoming .................................................. - - 18 376,270 18 376,270

 Campbell ................................................. - - 12 333,827 12 333,827

 Carbon ..................................................... - - 2 276 2 276

 Converse.................................................. - - 1 29,533 1 29,533

 Lincoln..................................................... - - 1 4,067 1 4,067

 Sweetwater .............................................. - - 2 8,567 2 8,567

 

U.S. Subtotal ............................................. 580 352,785 714 717,870 1,294 1,070,655

 

Refuse Recovery ....................................... - - - - 22 1,098

 

U.S. Total.................................................. . 580 352,785 714 717,870 1,316 1,071,753

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 16

Table 3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2

 Conventional3 Longwall4 Other5 Total 

Alabama............................................. 241 - 15,134 1 15,375

Arkansas ............................................ - - - 1 1

Colorado ............................................ 394 287 26,496 - 27,177

Illinois................................................ 16,958 - 9,020 7 25,985

Indiana............................................... 8,635 - - - 8,635

Kentucky Total.................................. 60,527 5,844 2,686 180 69,238

 Eastern............................................. 43,480 5,844 2,686 68 52,078

 Western............................................ 17,047 - - 113 17,160

Maryland ........................................... 48 - 3,252 - 3,300

Montana............................................. 32 - - - 32

New Mexico ...................................... - - 5,890 - 5,890

Ohio................................................... 1,971 1,342 9,514 - 12,828

Oklahoma .......................................... 393 - - - 393

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 9,682 45 42,437 49 52,212

 Anthracite ........................................ 197 45 - 41 282

 Bituminous ...................................... 9,486 - 42,437 8 51,930

Tennessee .......................................... 640 - - 17 657

Utah ................................................... 1,864 - 21,180 - 23,044

Virginia.............................................. 14,450 187 6,566 22 21,225

West Virginia Total........................... 44,928 472 41,348 45 86,793

 Northern........................................... 8,921 28 21,076 4 30,029

 Southern........................................... 36,007 444 20,272 41 56,764

 

Appalachian Total........................... 115,441 7,890 120,936 201 244,468

 Northern.......................................... 20,622 1,416 76,279 52 98,369

 Central ............................................ 94,577 6,475 29,524 148 130,724

 Southern.......................................... 241 - 15,134 1 15,375

Interior Total ................................... 43,032 - 9,020 121 52,173

 Illinois Basin .................................. 42,640 - 9,020 120 51,779

Western Total .................................. 2,290 287 53,567 - 56,144

 Powder River Basin........................ - ----

 Uinta Region .................................. 1,864 287 47,676 - 49,828

 

East of Miss. River .......................... 158,081 7,890 129,956 320 296,247

West of Miss. River ......................... 2,683 287 53,567 1 56,538

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 160,763 8,178 183,523 321 352,785 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

4

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 5

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method, or mines 

that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
17 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coalbed Thickness 

(inches) Underground Surface Total 

< 7................................................................. - 36 36

7-12............................................................... - 2,721 2,721

13-18............................................................. - 6,644 6,644

19-24............................................................. 224 13,919 14,143

25-30............................................................. 3,093 21,727 24,820

31-36............................................................. 15,472 21,546 37,018

37-42............................................................. 21,288 21,742 43,030

43-48............................................................. 41,366 28,290 69,655

49-54............................................................. 25,865 13,927 39,793

55-60............................................................. 48,720 18,609 67,330

61-66............................................................. 28,857 17,297 46,154

67-72............................................................. 48,267 11,539 59,806

73-78............................................................. 19,577 13,484 33,062

79-84............................................................. 28,196 9,804 38,000

85-90............................................................. 11,987 3,833 15,820

91-96............................................................. 7,041 6,038 13,079

97-102........................................................... 15,702 6,354 22,055

103-108......................................................... 3,937 9,261 13,198

109-114......................................................... 5,387 4,848 10,236

115-120......................................................... 891 17,229 18,121

> 120............................................................. 26,705 468,546 495,251

Unknown1 .................................................... 209 475 1,781

U.S. Total..................................................... 352,785 717,870 1,071,753 

1

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 18

Table 5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2003 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Thickness 

Coalbed ID Number (inches) 1

Coalbed Name 

Underground Surface Total Average2

 Low High 

1699 Wyodak ............................................... - 320,551 320,551 755 76 900

0036 Pittsburgh ............................................ 74,417 2,994 77,411 71 24 159

0489 No. 9 .................................................... 31,387 10,404 41,791 63 36 86

1569 Beulah-Zap.......................................... - 28,838 28,838 184 144 210

1697 Canyon ................................................ - 27,861 27,861 572 240 817

0111 Hazard No. 5-A ................................... 6,333 19,908 26,241 74 11 183

0151 Upper Elkhorn No. 3 ........................... 16,660 4,483 21,143 52 12 120

0484 Herrin (Illinois No. 6) ......................... 15,192 4,337 19,529 71 36 96

0103 Stockton-Lewiston .............................. 5,919 12,754 18,673 76 12 240

0084 Lower Kittanning ................................ 8,335 9,897 18,232 55 10 105

1808 Rosebud............................................... - 16,978 16,978 266 216 288

0135 Hazard No. 4 ....................................... 9,262 5,797 15,059 46 18 84

1787 Roland ................................................. - 14,948 14,948 537 240 660

1696 Anderson-Dietz 1-Dietz 2 ................... - 14,316 14,316 839 600 984

0176 Eagle.................................................... 12,398 1,392 13,790 58 22 104

0168 Pond Creek .......................................... 11,073 1,128 12,201 57 14 96

0344 Pocahontas No. 3................................. 9,857 - 9,857 60 36 68

1755 D .......................................................... 9,540 - 9,540 136 112 162

0142 Williamson (Amburgy)....................... 7,137 2,340 9,477 40 16 70

1750 Wadge.................................................. 8,029 1,253 9,282 103 100 120

0071 Upper Freeport .................................... 5,858 3,264 9,121 61 15 84

0480 No. 7 .................................................... 3,421 5,612 9,033 45 12 95

1753 Somerset B .......................................... 8,928 - 8,928 135 72 264

1488 Fruitland No. 8 .................................... 5,890 2,911 8,802 164 135 207

0483 Hymera (Indiana No. VI).................... - 8,547 8,547 46 15 72

Major Coalbeds Total .................................. 249,634 520,514 770,149 405 10 984

 

Other Coalbeds............................................. 102,942 196,881 299,823 87 5 830

 

Unknown3 ...................................................... 209 475 1,781 NA NA NA

 

U.S. Total....................................................... 352,785 717,870 1,071,753 316 5 984 

1

 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal zones. See Coalbed name 

discussion in note below. 2

 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 

3

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 NA = This estimated value is not available due to insufficient data or inadequate data/model performance. 

 Notes: • Major coalbeds for this table are the top 25 producing coalbeds. The category "Other Coalbeds" includes all coalbeds from which less than 8.5 million short tons 

were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the 

geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and 

even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are also included in "Other Coalbeds," even though production may exceed 8.5 million short tons. Totals may not 

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that 

coalbed. The States having greatest production for each coalbed are Eastern Kentucky (coalbeds 0111, 0135, 0142, 0151, 0168, and 0176); West Virginia (0036, 0084, 0103, 

and 0344); Pennsylvania (0071); Western Kentucky (0489); Illinois (0484); Indiana (0483); Colorado (1750, 1753, and 1755); New Mexico (1488); North Dakota (1569); 

Montana (1696, and 1808); and Wyoming (1697, 1699, and 1787). In some other States where these are major producing beds, the following alternative coalbed names are also 

used: 0084, No 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Coalburg (West Virginia); 0135, Chilton (West Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennessee); Taggert (Virginia); Cedar Grove (West 

Virginia); 0168, No 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0484, No 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No 5 (Illinois and Indiana). 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
19 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production 

Alabama......................................... 41 20,114 - - - - - - 41 20,114

Alaska............................................ - - 1 1,081 - - - - 1 1,081

Arizona .......................................... 2 12,059 - - - - - - 2 12,059

Colorado ........................................ 10 28,988 2 6,843 - - - - 12 35,831

Illinois............................................ 21 31,633 - - - - - - 21 31,633

Indiana........................................... 29 35,344 - - - - - - 29 35,344

Kansas ........................................... 1 154 - - - - - - 1 154

Kentucky Total.............................. 353 112,499 - - - - - - 353 112,499

 Eastern......................................... 328 91,003 - - - - - - 328 91,003

 Western........................................ 25 21,496 - - - - - - 25 21,496

Louisiana ....................................... - - - - 2 4,028 - - 2 4,028

Maryland ....................................... 14 5,042 - - - - - - 14 5,042

Mississippi..................................... - - - - 1 3,695 - - 1 3,695

Missouri......................................... 2 533 - - - - - - 2 533

Montana......................................... - - 6 36,625 1 369 - - 7 36,994

New Mexico2

................................. 3 10,547 2 15,842 - - - - 5 26,389

North Dakota ................................. - - - - 4 30,775 - - 4 30,775

Ohio............................................... 49 21,999 - - - - - - 49 21,999

Oklahoma ...................................... 6 1,562 - - - - - - 6 1,562

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 136 62,300 - - - - 29 1,146 165 63,446

 Anthracite .................................... - - - - - - 29 1,146 29 1,146

 Bituminous .................................. 136 62,300 - - - - - - 136 62,300

Tennessee ...................................... 19 2,542 - - - - - - 19 2,542

Texas ............................................. 1 18 - - 12 47,499 - - 13 47,517

Utah ............................................... 14 23,069 - - - - - - 14 23,069

Virginia.......................................... 114 31,545 - - - - - - 114 31,545

Washington.................................... - - 1 6,232 - - - - 1 6,232

West Virginia Total....................... 227 139,617 - - - - - - 227 139,617

 Northern....................................... 48 34,915 - - - - - - 48 34,915

 Southern....................................... 179 104,702 - - - - - - 179 104,702

Wyoming....................................... 2 276 16 375,994 - - - - 18 376,270

 

Appalachian Total....................... 928 374,162 - - - - 29 1,146 957 375,308

 Northern...................................... 247 124,255 - - - - 29 1,146 276 125,401

 Central ........................................ 640 229,792 - - - - - - 640 229,792

 Southern...................................... 41 20,114 - - - - - - 41 20,114

Interior Total ............................... 85 90,740 - - 15 55,222 - - 100 145,962

 Illinois Basin .............................. 75 88,473 - - - - - - 75 88,473

Western Total .............................. 31 74,939 28 442,618 5 31,144 - - 64 548,701

 Powder River Basin.................... - - 18 399,953 - - - - 18 399,953

 Uinta Region .............................. 22 51,310 2 6,843 - - - - 24 58,154

 

East of Miss. River ...................... 1,003 462,635 - - 1 3,695 29 1,146 1,033 467,476

West of Miss. River ..................... 41 77,206 28 442,618 19 82,671 - - 88 602,495

 

U.S. Subtotal ................................ 1,044 539,841 28 442,618 20 86,366 29 1,146 1,121 1,069,971

 

Unknown3 ..................................... - - - - - - - - 181 718

 

Refuse Recovery4 ......................... 12 1,030 - - - - 2 33 14 1,063

 

U.S. Total...................................... 1,056 540,871 28 442,618 20 86,366 31 1,179 1,316 1,071,753 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 One Mine in New Mexico periodically produces both bituminous and subbituminous coal. When this occurs, it is double counted as a subbituminous and bituminous mine, 

but is not double counted in the total. 3

 Includes all mines and refuse recovery operations producing less than 10,000 short tons. 

4

 Excludes refuse recovery operations producing less than 10,000 short tons. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 20

Table 7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Union Nonunion Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama...................................................... 15,134 - 241 4,740 15,375 4,740

Alaska......................................................... - 1,081 - - - 1,081

Arizona ....................................................... - 12,059 - - - 12,059

Colorado ..................................................... 1,943 3,655 25,235 4,999 27,177 8,654

Illinois......................................................... 14,225 732 11,752 4,924 25,978 5,655

Indiana........................................................ - 3,496 8,635 23,213 8,635 26,709

Kansas ........................................................ - - - 154 - 154

Kentucky Total........................................... 3,161 2,821 66,009 40,508 69,170 43,329

 Eastern...................................................... - 2,221 52,010 36,772 52,010 38,993

 Western..................................................... 3,161 600 13,999 3,736 17,160 4,337

Louisiana .................................................... - - - 4,028 - 4,028

Maryland .................................................... - - 3,300 1,742 3,300 1,742

Mississippi.................................................. - - - 3,695 - 3,695

Missouri...................................................... - - - 533 - 533

Montana...................................................... - 28,068 32 8,894 32 36,962

New Mexico ............................................... 5,890 13,594 - 6,905 5,890 20,499

North Dakota .............................................. - 6,926 - 23,850 - 30,775

Ohio............................................................ 4,886 741 7,942 8,430 12,828 9,171

Oklahoma ................................................... - - 393 1,169 393 1,169

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 23,322 498 28,842 10,784 52,164 11,282

 Anthracite ................................................. - 212 241 692 241 905

 Bituminous ............................................... 23,322 285 28,601 10,092 51,923 10,377

Tennessee ................................................... 41 - 599 1,902 640 1,902

Texas .......................................................... - 30,477 - 17,039 - 47,517

Utah ............................................................ 4,895 - 18,149 25 23,044 25

Virginia....................................................... 3,520 538 17,683 9,804 21,203 10,342

Washington................................................. - 6,232 - - - 6,232

West Virginia Total.................................... 36,566 9,247 50,182 43,622 86,748 52,870

 Northern.................................................... 21,076 - 8,949 4,890 30,025 4,890

 Southern.................................................... 15,490 9,247 41,233 38,732 56,723 47,979

Wyoming.................................................... - 9,672 - 366,598 - 376,270

 

Appalachian Total.................................... 83,468 13,245 160,800 117,795 244,267 131,040

 Northern................................................... 49,284 1,239 49,033 25,846 98,316 27,085

 Central ..................................................... 19,051 12,006 111,526 87,210 130,576 99,216

 Southern................................................... 15,134 - 241 4,740 15,375 4,740

Interior Total ............................................ 17,386 35,305 34,779 58,492 52,165 93,798

 Illinois Basin ........................................... 17,386 4,828 34,386 31,873 51,772 36,701

Western Total ........................................... 12,728 81,287 43,416 411,271 56,144 492,557

 Powder River Basin................................. - 27,699 - 372,254 - 399,953

 Uinta Region ........................................... 6,838 3,302 42,990 5,024 49,828 8,326

 

East of Miss. River ................................... 100,854 18,073 195,186 153,364 296,039 171,437

West of Miss. River .................................. 12,728 111,764 43,809 434,194 56,537 545,959

 

Unknown2 .................................................. - - - - 209 475

 

U.S. Total................................................... 113,581 129,837 238,995 587,558 352,785 717,870 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Excludes refuse recovery operations. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
21 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 8. Coal Disposition by State, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market Sales1

 Captive Sales/Transactions2 Total 

Alabama........................................................ 20,563 - 20,563

Alaska........................................................... W - W

Arizona ......................................................... W - W

Colorado ....................................................... 33,819 2,249 36,068

Illinois........................................................... 31,262 53 31,315

Indiana.......................................................... 32,590 2,679 35,269

Kansas .......................................................... W - W

Kentucky Total............................................. 110,001 2,866 112,867

 Eastern........................................................ 90,151 1,322 91,473

 Western....................................................... 19,850 1,545 21,394

Louisiana ...................................................... W W W

Maryland ...................................................... 5,192 - 5,192

Mississippi.................................................... W - W

Missouri........................................................ W - W

Montana........................................................ 36,176 767 36,942

New Mexico ................................................. 26,452 - 26,452

North Dakota ................................................ 31,119 - 31,119

Ohio.............................................................. 20,854 1,317 22,171

Oklahoma ..................................................... 1,626 - 1,626

Pennsylvania Total ....................................... 63,532 627 64,159

 Anthracite ................................................... 1,265 - 1,265

 Bituminous ................................................. 62,267 627 62,894

Tennessee ..................................................... 2,525 - 2,525

Texas ............................................................ 13,719 33,855 47,574

Utah .............................................................. 18,815 4,740 23,555

Virginia......................................................... 23,920 7,853 31,773

Washington................................................... - W W

West Virginia Total...................................... 130,051 10,026 140,077

 Northern...................................................... 28,026 6,554 34,580

 Southern...................................................... 102,025 3,473 105,497

Wyoming...................................................... 359,271 17,499 376,770

U.S. Total3 ................................................... 981,378 92,495 1,073,873 

1

 Open market sales include all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive sales transactions include all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 3

 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 22

Table 9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2003 

Rank Mine Names/Company Mine Type State Production 

(short tons) 

1 North Antelope Rochelle Complex/Powder River Coal Company Surface Wyoming 80,083,444

2 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Company LLC Surface Wyoming 62,620,417

3 Cordero Mine/Cordero Mining Co. Surface Wyoming 36,083,743

4 Jacobs Ranch Mine/Jacobs Ranch Coal Company Surface Wyoming 35,491,218

5 Antelope Coal Mine/Antelope Coal Company Surface Wyoming 29,533,072

6 Eagle Butte Mine/RAG Coal West, Inc. Surface Wyoming 24,728,392

7 North Rochelle/Triton Coal Company LLC Surface Wyoming 23,923,145

8 Caballo Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 22,743,284

9 Belle Ayr Mine/RAG Coal West Inc. Surface Wyoming 17,844,826

10 Buckskin Mine/Triton Coal Company Surface Wyoming 17,539,156

11 Freedom Mine/The Coteau Properties Company Surface North Dakota 15,928,841

12 Rosebud #6 Mine&Crusher & Conv/Western Energy Company Surface Montana 11,034,262

13 Enlow Fork Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 9,888,511

14 Bailey Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 9,391,318

15 Navajo Mine/BHP Navajo Coal Company Surface New Mexico 8,937,403

16 Spring Creek Coal Company/Spring Creek Coal Company Surface Montana 8,894,014

17 Decker Mine/Decker Coal Co. Surface Montana 8,092,348

18 Foidel Creek Mine/Twentymile Coal Company Underground Colorado 8,028,720

19 Falkirk Mine/The Falkirk Mining Company Surface North Dakota 7,921,080

20 Kayenta Mine/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 7,780,490

21 Jewett Mine/Northwestern Resources Company Surface Texas 7,460,693

22 Sufco/Canyon Fuel Company LLC Underground Utah 7,125,797

23 Lee Ranch Coal Co/Lee Ranch Coal Company Surface New Mexico 6,904,803

24 Beckville Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 6,849,246

25 McElroy Mine/McElroy Coal Company Underground West Virginia 6,791,716

26 Emerald Mine #1/RAG Emerald Resources LP Underground Pennsylvania 6,619,501

27 West Elk Mine/Mountain Coal Company LLC Underground Colorado 6,490,688

28 Cumberland Mine/RAG Cumberland Resources LP Underground Pennsylvania 6,246,827

29 Centralia Coal Mine/Trans Alta Centralia Mining LLC Surface Washington 6,231,874

30 Sandow Mine/Alcoa Incorporated Surface Texas 6,091,061

31 Galatia Mine/The American Coal Company Underground Illinois 6,011,356

32 Absaloka Mine/Washington Group International Surface Montana 5,975,323

33 San Juan South/San Juan Coal Company Underground New Mexico 5,890,246

34 Robinson Run No. 95/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 5,738,542

35 Jim Bridger Mine/Bridger Coal Company Surface Wyoming 5,604,516

36 Blacksville No 2/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 5,449,779

37 Colowyo Mine/Colowyo Coal Company LP Surface Colorado 4,998,615

38 Bowie Mine #2/Bowie Resources Ltd Underground Colorado 4,943,355

39 Powhatan No. 6 Mine/The Ohio Valley Coal Company Underground Ohio 4,885,918

40 Dotiki Mine/Webster County Coal LLC Underground Kentucky 4,882,023

41 Samples Mine/Catenary Coal Company Surface West Virginia 4,786,260

42 Wyodak/Wyodak Resources Development Co. Surface Wyoming 4,772,544

43 Hobet 21 Surface Mine/Hobet Mining, Inc. Surface West Virginia 4,738,112

44 Buchanan Mine #1/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Virginia 4,686,453

45 Oak Hill Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 4,666,829

46 Century Mine/American Energy Corporation Underground Ohio 4,628,223

47 McKinley/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Surface New Mexico 4,605,116

48 Elk Creek Mine/Oxbow Mining, LLC Underground Colorado 4,596,324

49 No 1 Surface/Alex Energy, Inc. Surface West Virginia 4,525,521

50 Federal No 2/Eastern Associated Coal Corp Underground West Virginia 4,397,317

51 Dry Fork Mine/Dry Fork Coal Company Surface Wyoming 4,363,683

52 Black Mesa/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 4,278,604

53 Big Brown Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 4,275,765

54 South Hallsville No 1 Mine/The Sabine Mining Company Surface Texas 4,233,031

55 Farmersburg Mine/Black Beauty Coal Company Surface Indiana 4,232,859

56 Center Mine/BNI Coal, Ltd. Surface North Dakota 4,129,330

57 American Eagle Mine/Speed Mining Inc Underground West Virginia 4,127,533

58 Kemmerer Mine/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Surface Wyoming 4,067,346

 

 Subtotal 647,790,413

 All Other Mines 423,962,160

 

 U.S. Total 1,071,752,573 

 Note: • Major mines are mines that produced more than 4 million short tons in 2003. The company is the firm operating the mine. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
23 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2003 

Rank Company Name Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Percent of 

Total Production 

1 Peabody Coal Co. 156,845 14.6

2 Kennecott Energy & Coal Co. 115,001 10.7

3 Arch Coal, Inc. 107,731 10.1

4 RAG American Coal Holding, Inc. 63,306 5.9

5 CONSOL Energy Inc 58,499 5.5

6 Vulcan Partners, L.P. 41,480 3.9

7 A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. 39,719 3.7

8 Horizon Natural Resources Inc. 32,742 3.1

9 North American Coal Corp. 31,778 3.0

10 Westmoreland Mining LLC 27,635 2.6

11 TXU Corp. 24,386 2.3

12 Black Beauty Coal Co. 19,895 1.9

13 Robert Murray 19,407 1.8

14 Alliance Coal, LLC 19,068 1.8

15 Alpha Natural Resources., LLC 16,117 1.5

16 BHP Minerals Group 14,326 1.3

17 Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co. 12,190 1.1

18 PacifiCorp 9,543 0.9

19 James River Coal Co. 9,357 0.9

20 Wexford Capital LLC 8,880 0.8

21 Peter Kiewit/Kennecott 8,092 0.8

22 Transalta Centralia Mining LLC 6,232 0.6

23 Alcoa, Inc. 6,091 0.6

24 Walter Industries, Inc. 6,045 0.6

25 TECO Energy, Inc. 5,742 0.5

26 Andalex Resources Inc 5,231 *

 

 Subtotal 865,337 80.7

 All Other Coal Producers 206,416 19.3

 

 U.S. Total 1,071,753 100.0 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 5 million short tons in 2003. A controlling company of a mine is defined as the company 

"controlling the coal, particularly the sale of the coal." Most often, but not always, this is the owner of the mine. 

 Source: • COALdat, a product of RDI/Platts and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and 

Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 24
25 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Productive Capacity 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 26

Table 11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2003, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2003 2002 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 16,143 6,269 22,413 18,728 5,204 23,932 -13.8 20.5 -6.3

Alaska........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ....................................... - - - - W W - -100.0 W

Colorado ....................................... 31,245 9,433 40,678 33,786 10,104 43,891 -7.5 -6.6 -7.3

Illinois........................................... 31,455 7,371 38,826 40,286 6,996 47,283 -21.9 5.4 -17.9

Indiana.......................................... 11,622 32,543 44,165 9,417 33,512 42,929 23.4 -2.9 2.9

Kansas .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................. 96,831 64,953 161,785 104,845 70,014 174,859 -7.6 -7.2 -7.5

 Eastern........................................ 74,474 59,433 133,907 80,175 63,094 143,269 -7.1 -5.8 -6.5

 Western....................................... 22,357 5,520 27,877 24,670 6,919 31,589 -9.4 -20.2 -11.8

Louisiana ...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland ...................................... W W 5,659 W W 5,362 W W 5.5

Mississippi.................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana........................................ W W 53,734 - 51,584 51,584 W W 4.2

New Mexico ................................. W W 29,951 W W 40,648 W W -26.3

North Dakota ................................ - 32,600 32,600 - 32,400 32,400 - 0.6 0.6

Ohio.............................................. 13,811 15,683 29,494 15,781 18,044 33,825 -12.5 -13.1 -12.8

Oklahoma ..................................... W W 2,159 W W 1,955 W W 10.5

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 60,748 17,096 77,844 67,497 19,423 86,920 -10.0 -12.0 -10.4

 Anthracite ................................... 279 2,435 2,714 272 3,220 3,492 2.3 -24.4 -22.3

 Bituminous ................................. 60,469 14,661 75,130 67,224 16,204 83,428 -10.0 -9.5 -9.9

Tennessee ..................................... 1,096 3,069 4,164 1,411 2,878 4,289 -22.3 6.6 -2.9

Texas ............................................ - 49,621 49,621 - 48,428 48,428 - 2.5 2.5

Utah .............................................. W W 29,611 W W 31,294 W W -5.4

Virginia......................................... 25,690 12,317 38,007 26,475 12,518 38,993 -3.0 -1.6 -2.5

Washington................................... - W W - W W - W W

West Virginia Total...................... 115,972 67,214 183,186 119,615 77,761 197,376 -3.0 -13.6 -7.2

 Northern...................................... 38,246 5,492 43,738 37,441 6,271 43,712 2.1 -12.4 *

 Southern...................................... 77,727 61,721 139,448 82,175 71,490 153,664 -5.4 -13.7 -9.3

Wyoming...................................... - 432,484 432,484 - 428,177 428,177 - 1.0 1.0

 

U.S. Total..................................... 445,950 862,362 1,308,312 480,090 884,900 1,364,990 -7.1 -2.5 -4.2 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
27 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2003, 2002 

 (Percent) 

2003 2002 Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama.......................................................... 95.24 75.60 89.75 79.65 76.94 79.06

Alaska............................................................. - W W - W W

Arizona ........................................................... - W W - W W

Arkansas ......................................................... - - - - W W

Colorado ......................................................... 86.98 91.74 88.08 74.98 96.70 79.98

Illinois............................................................. 82.59 76.73 81.47 66.85 91.13 70.44

Indiana............................................................ 74.29 82.07 80.03 83.98 81.80 82.28

Kansas ............................................................ - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................................... 71.43 66.71 69.54 72.02 69.09 70.85

 East .............................................................. 69.84 65.61 67.96 70.27 67.84 69.20

 West............................................................. 76.75 78.56 77.11 77.73 80.48 78.33

Louisiana ........................................................ - W W - W W

Maryland ........................................................ W W 89.10 W W 95.53

Mississippi...................................................... - W W - W W

Missouri.......................................................... - W W - W W

Montana.......................................................... W W 68.85 - 72.48 72.48

New Mexico ................................................... W W 88.11 W W 71.14

North Dakota .................................................. - 94.40 94.40 - 95.06 95.06

Ohio................................................................ 92.88 58.48 74.59 68.76 56.85 62.41

Oklahoma ....................................................... W W 72.33 W W 71.80

Pennsylvania Total ......................................... 85.87 65.99 81.50 82.56 63.77 78.36

 Anthracite .................................................... 86.57 37.16 42.24 91.03 29.23 34.06

 Bituminous .................................................. 85.87 70.78 82.92 82.52 70.63 80.21

Tennessee ....................................................... 58.39 61.97 61.03 76.20 72.14 73.48

Texas .............................................................. - 95.76 95.76 - 93.43 93.43

Utah ................................................................ W W 77.91 W W 80.85

Virginia........................................................... 82.53 83.97 83.00 77.28 75.49 76.70

Washington..................................................... - W W - W W

West Virginia Total........................................ 74.80 78.66 76.22 73.44 79.85 75.97

 Northern....................................................... 78.51 89.05 79.83 76.58 84.96 77.78

 Southern....................................................... 72.98 77.74 75.08 72.02 79.40 75.45

Wyoming........................................................ - 87.00 87.00 - 87.15 87.15

 

U.S. Total....................................................... 79.06 83.19 81.78 74.39 83.09 80.03 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Capacity utilization is the ratio of annual production to annual productive capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required 

to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 28

Table 13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining 

Method, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Continuous Conventional Longwall Other Total 

Coal-Producing 

State Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Alabama......................................... W W -- W W - - 16,143 95.24

Colorado ........................................ W W W W 30,095 88.04 - - 31,245 86.98

Illinois............................................ W W -- W W - - 31,455 82.59

Indiana........................................... 11,622 74.29 - - - - - - 11,622 74.29

Kentucky Total.............................. 82,780 73.12 10,513 55.59 W W W W 96,831 71.43

 Eastern......................................... W W 10,513 55.59 W W - - 74,474 69.84

 Western........................................ W W ---- W W 22,357 76.75

Maryland ....................................... W W -- W W - - W W

Montana......................................... W W - - - - - - W W

New Mexico .................................. - - - - W W - - W W

Ohio............................................... 2,125 92.76 W W W W - - 13,811 92.88

Oklahoma ...................................... W W - - - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 10,669 90.75 W W W W - - 60,748 85.87

 Anthracite .................................... W W W W - - - - 279 86.57

 Bituminous .................................. W W -- W W - - 60,469 85.87

Tennessee ...................................... 1,096 58.39 - - - - - - 1,096 58.39

Utah ............................................... 2,824 66.01 - - 26,762 79.14 - - 29,586 77.89

Virginia.......................................... 17,650 81.87 W W W W - - 25,690 82.53

West Virginia Total....................... 62,290 72.13 690 68.42 52,992 78.03 - - 115,972 74.80

 Northern....................................... W W W W W W - - 38,246 78.51

 Southern....................................... W W W W W W - - 77,727 72.98

 

U.S. Total...................................... 214,051 75.11 13,922 58.74 217,865 84.24 113 100.00 445,950 79.06 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive 

capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and recovery operations. Totals may not equal sum of components 

because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
29 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Recoverable Reserves 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 30

Table 14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2003, 2002 

 (Million Short Tons) 

2003 2002 Coal-Producing 

State Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Percent Change 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Alabama............................................... 308 56.16 366 55.54 -15.9

Alaska.................................................. W W W W W

Arizona ................................................ W W W W W

Arkansas .............................................. - - W W W

Colorado .............................................. 427 69.87 629 72.46 -32.1

Illinois.................................................. 913 58.41 900 58.91 1.5

Indiana................................................. 432 68.84 381 67.04 13.5

Kansas ................................................. - - W W W

Kentucky Total.................................... 994 56.93 1,010 56.87 -1.6

 Eastern............................................... 639 59.38 703 58.16 -9.1

 Western.............................................. 355 52.52 307 53.91 15.6

Louisiana ............................................. W W W W W

Maryland ............................................. 61 61.65 65 61.35 -6.3

Mississippi........................................... W W W W W

Missouri............................................... W W W W W

Montana............................................... 1,197 87.86 1,115 91.26 7.4

New Mexico ........................................ 1,351 91.21 1,385 91.05 -2.4

North Dakota ....................................... 1,211 89.36 1,211 89.53 *

Ohio..................................................... 336 74.15 356 72.97 -5.5

Oklahoma ............................................ 17 68.34 18 68.52 -4.8

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 536 68.87 576 68.57 -6.9

 Anthracite .......................................... 26 54.55 26 49.71 -2.0

 Bituminous ........................................ 511 69.58 550 69.46 -7.1

Tennessee ............................................ 22 76.43 16 72.00 41.2

Texas ................................................... 623 92.31 673 92.12 -7.4

Utah ..................................................... 331 57.64 356 51.51 -7.0

Virginia................................................ 226 58.40 261 58.60 -13.5

Washington.......................................... W W W W W

West Virginia Total............................. 1,497 59.93 1,433 63.07 4.4

 Northern............................................. 418 61.14 451 61.25 -7.4

 Southern............................................. 1,078 59.46 982 63.91 9.8

Wyoming............................................. 6,707 93.43 6,673 92.96 0.5

 

U.S. Total............................................ 17,955 81.65 18,216 81.64 -1.4 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
31 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated 

Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2003 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground - Minable Coal Surface - Minable Coal Total 

Coal-Resource 

State 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable 

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Alabama........................................ 283 537 1,066 25 2,290 3,215 308 2,828 4,282

Alaska........................................... - 2,745 5,423 W 547 691 W 3,292 6,114

Arizona ......................................... - - - W 18 23 W 18 23

Arkansas ....................................... - 127 272 - 101 144 - 228 417

Colorado ....................................... 360 6,087 11,599 67 3,750 4,766 427 9,837 16,365

Georgia ......................................... - 1 2 - 1 2 - 2 4

Idaho............................................. - 2 4 - - - - 2 4

Illinois........................................... 873 27,961 88,025 40 10,079 16,563 913 38,040 104,589

Indiana.......................................... 262 3,638 8,784 170 469 802 432 4,107 9,586

Iowa.............................................. - 807 1,732 - 320 457 - 1,127 2,189

Kansas .......................................... - - - - 681 973 - 681 973

Kentucky Total............................. 796 7,563 17,346 198 7,546 13,076 994 15,109 30,422

 Eastern........................................ 468 775 1,387 171 5,270 9,437 639 6,045 10,824

 Western....................................... 328 6,788 15,959 27 2,276 3,639 355 9,064 19,597

Louisiana ...................................... - - - W 320 431 W 320 431

Maryland ...................................... W 324 591 W 47 70 61 371 661

Michigan....................................... - 55 123 - 3 5 - 59 128

Mississippi.................................... - - - W - - W --

Missouri........................................ - 689 1,479 W 3,158 4,512 W 3,848 5,991

Montana........................................ W 35,923 70,958 W 39,107 48,372 1,197 75,030 119,330

New Mexico ................................. W 2,855 6,187 W 4,103 6,025 1,351 6,958 12,212

North Carolina.............................. - 5 11 - - - - 5 11

North Dakota ................................ - - - 1,211 6,963 9,128 1,211 6,963 9,128

Ohio.............................................. 202 7,746 17,606 134 3,781 5,777 336 11,527 23,382

Oklahoma ..................................... W 574 1,233 W 229 327 17 803 1,559

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 439 10,825 23,437 97 1,065 4,283 536 11,889 27,719

 Anthracite ................................... 2 340 3,845 23 420 3,358 26 760 7,203

 Bituminous ................................. 437 10,484 19,592 74 644 925 511 11,129 20,517

South Dakota ................................ - - - - 277 366 - 277 366

Tennessee ..................................... 4 282 515 18 182 269 22 464 783

Texas ............................................ - - - 623 9,622 12,500 623 9,622 12,500

Utah .............................................. W 2,559 5,221 W 212 268 331 2,771 5,488

Virginia......................................... 192 676 1,204 34 378 590 226 1,054 1,794

Washington................................... - 674 1,332 W 12 16 W 687 1,348

West Virginia Total...................... 1,153 15,770 29,548 343 2,476 3,925 1,497 18,246 33,473

 Northern...................................... 393 NA NA 25 NA NA 418 NA NA

 Southern...................................... 760 NA NA 319 NA NA 1,078 NA NA

Wyoming...................................... - 22,950 42,501 6,707 19,282 22,320 6,707 42,232 64,821

 

U.S. Total..................................... 5,225 151,376 336,199 12,730 117,019 159,893 17,955 268,396 496,092 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 NA = This estimated value is not available due to insufficient data or inadequate data/model performance. 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

EIA's estimated recoverable reserves include the coal in the demonstrated reserve base considered recoverable after excluding coal estimated to be unavailable due to land use 

restrictions or currently economically unattractive for mining, and after applying assumed mining recovery rates; see Glossary for criteria. The effective date for the 

demonstrated reserve base, as customarily worded, is "Remaining as of January 1, 2004." These data are contemporaneous with the Recoverable reserves at Producing Mines, 

customarily presented as of the end of the past year's mining, that is in this case, December 31, 2003. The demonstrated reserve base includes publicly available data on coal 

mapped to measured and indicated degrees of accuracy and found at depths and in coalbed thicknesses considered technologically minable at the time of determinations; see 

Glossary for criteria. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short 

tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," and EIA estimates. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 32

Table 16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines 

by State and Mining Method, 2003 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total 

Coal-Producing 

State 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama......................................... W W -- W W - - 283 53.48

Colorado ........................................ W W W W 326 66.74 - - 360 66.31

Illinois............................................ W W -- W W - - 873 57.49

Indiana........................................... 262 62.05 - - - - - - 262 62.05

Kentucky Total.............................. 723 50.34 W W W W W W 796 50.01

 Eastern......................................... W W W W W W - - 468 50.45

 Western........................................ W W ---- W W 328 49.38

Maryland ....................................... W W -- W W - - W W

Montana......................................... W W - - - - - - W W

New Mexico .................................. - - - - W W - - W W

Ohio............................................... 3 55.53 W W W W - - 202 66.15

Oklahoma ...................................... W W - - - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 83 62.79 W W W W - - 439 66.64

 Anthracite .................................... W W W W - - - - 2 77.93

 Bituminous .................................. W W -- W W - - 437 66.58

Tennessee ...................................... 4 50.04 - - - - - - 4 50.04

Utah ............................................... 46 66.59 - - 285 56.13 - - 330 57.57

Virginia.......................................... 145 53.72 W W W W - - 192 53.43

West Virginia Total....................... 587 51.71 5 48.89 561 56.30 - - 1,153 53.94

 Northern....................................... W W W W W W - - 393 60.51

 Southern....................................... W W W W W W - - 760 50.53

 

U.S. Total...................................... 2,419 53.97 81 60.22 2,712 61.21 12 53.00 5,225 57.83 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 4

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
33 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine 

Production Range and Mine Type, 2003 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Over 1,000.................................................. 3,883 58.49 12,043 91.95 15,926 83.79

500 to 1,000................................................ 328 52.65 213 85.14 541 65.45

200 to 500................................................... 506 54.49 245 81.08 751 63.16

100 to 200................................................... 198 54.24 93 84.99 291 64.04

50 to 100..................................................... 49 57.29 64 78.61 113 69.43

10 to 50....................................................... 260 63.71 72 78.42 332 66.90

 

U.S. Total................................................... 5,225 57.83 12,730 91.43 17,955 81.65 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 34
35 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Employment 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 36

Table 18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2003, 2002 

2003 2002 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 2,615 800 3,415 2,722 667 3,389 -3.9 19.9 0.8

Alaska........................................... - 81 81 - 99 99 - -18.2 -18.2

Arizona ......................................... - 661 661 - 681 681 - -2.9 -2.9

Arkansas ....................................... 19 3 22 22 5 27 -13.6 -40.0 -18.5

Colorado ....................................... 1,521 597 2,118 1,416 649 2,065 7.4 -8.0 2.6

Illinois........................................... 3,188 467 3,655 3,046 531 3,577 4.7 -12.1 2.2

Indiana.......................................... 1,060 1,712 2,772 908 1,794 2,702 16.7 -4.6 2.6

Kansas .......................................... - 8 8 - 8 8 - - -

Kentucky Total............................. 9,916 5,336 15,252 11,310 5,732 17,042 -12.3 -6.9 -10.5

 Eastern........................................ 8,143 4,893 13,036 9,281 5,237 14,518 -12.3 -6.6 -10.2

 Western....................................... 1,773 443 2,216 2,029 495 2,524 -12.6 -10.5 -12.2

Louisiana ...................................... - 214 214 - 205 205 - 4.4 4.4

Maryland ...................................... 229 222 451 283 228 511 -19.1 -2.6 -11.7

Mississippi.................................... - 195 195 - 135 135 - 44.4 44.4

Missouri........................................ - 19 19 - 13 13 - 46.2 46.2

Montana........................................ 15 742 757 - 806 806 - -7.9 -6.1

New Mexico ................................. 252 1,163 1,415 229 1,445 1,674 10.0 -19.5 -15.5

North Dakota ................................ - 917 917 - 939 939 - -2.3 -2.3

Ohio.............................................. 1,203 1,203 2,406 1,255 1,312 2,567 -4.1 -8.3 -6.3

Oklahoma ..................................... 36 111 147 39 99 138 -7.7 12.1 6.5

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 4,607 2,319 6,926 5,062 2,601 7,663 -9.0 -10.8 -9.6

 Anthracite ................................... 243 577 820 229 643 872 6.1 -10.3 -6.0

 Bituminous ................................. 4,364 1,742 6,106 4,833 1,958 6,791 -9.7 -11.0 -10.1

Tennessee ..................................... 223 344 567 297 322 619 -24.9 6.8 -8.4

Texas ............................................ - 2,369 2,369 - 2,375 2,375 - -0.3 -0.3

Utah .............................................. 1,515 37 1,552 1,524 24 1,548 -0.6 54.2 0.3

Virginia......................................... 3,350 1,370 4,720 3,720 1,321 5,041 -9.9 3.7 -6.4

Washington................................... - 577 577 - 548 548 - 5.3 5.3

West Virginia Total...................... 10,374 4,531 14,905 11,019 5,228 16,247 -5.9 -13.3 -8.3

 Northern...................................... 3,440 474 3,914 3,260 510 3,770 5.5 -7.1 3.8

 Southern...................................... 6,934 4,057 10,991 7,759 4,718 12,477 -10.6 -14.0 -11.9

Wyoming...................................... - 4,800 4,800 - 4,699 4,699 - 2.1 2.1

 

Appalachian Total...................... 30,744 15,682 46,426 33,639 16,916 50,555 -8.6 -7.3 -8.2

 Northern..................................... 9,479 4,218 13,697 9,860 4,651 14,511 -3.9 -9.3 -5.6

 Central ....................................... 18,650 10,664 29,314 21,057 11,598 32,655 -11.4 -8.1 -10.2

 Southern..................................... 2,615 800 3,415 2,722 667 3,389 -3.9 19.9 0.8

Interior Total .............................. 6,076 5,541 11,617 6,044 5,660 11,704 0.5 -2.1 -0.7

 Illinois Basin ............................. 6,021 2,622 8,643 5,983 2,820 8,803 0.6 -7.0 -1.8

Western Total ............................. 3,303 9,575 12,878 3,169 9,890 13,059 4.2 -3.2 -1.4

 Powder River Basin................... - 4,741 4,741 - 4,646 4,646 - 2.0 2.0

 Uinta Region ............................. 2,979 608 3,587 2,874 614 3,488 3.7 -1.0 2.8

 

East of Miss. River ..................... 36,765 18,499 55,264 39,622 19,871 59,493 -7.2 -6.9 -7.1

West of Miss. River .................... 3,358 12,299 15,657 3,230 12,595 15,825 4.0 -2.4 -1.1

 

U.S. Subtotal ............................... 40,123 30,798 70,921 42,852 32,466 75,318 -6.4 -5.1 -5.8

 

Refuse Recovery ......................... - - 102 - - 148 - - -31.1

 

U.S. Total..................................... 40,123 30,798 71,023 42,852 32,466 75,466 -6.4 -5.1 -5.9 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
37 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2003 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (thousand short tons) 

State, Region1

, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero2

Total Number 

of Employees

Alabama ...................................................... 2,492 92 124 356 125 80 14 132 3,415

 Underground.............................................. 2,492 - - 63 - - 3 57 2,615

 Surface....................................................... - 92 124 293 125 80 11 75 800

Alaska .......................................................... 81 - - - - - - - 81

 Surface....................................................... 81 - - - - - - - 81

Arizona ........................................................ 625 - - - - - - 36 661

 Surface....................................................... 625 - - - - - - 36 661

Arkansas...................................................... - - - - - - 22 - 22

 Underground.............................................. - - - - - - 19 - 19

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - 3 - 3

Colorado...................................................... 1,890 - 222 - - - - 6 2,118

 Underground.............................................. 1,319 - 196 - - - - 6 1,521

 Surface....................................................... 571 - 26 - - - - - 597

Illinois .......................................................... 2,924 374 129 57 - 4 15 152 3,655

 Underground.............................................. 2,691 314 60 - - - 15 108 3,188

 Surface....................................................... 233 60 69 57 - 4 - 44 467

Indiana......................................................... 2,124 200 209 19 15 83 19 103 2,772

 Underground.............................................. 843 61 41 - - 83 - 32 1,060

 Surface....................................................... 1,281 139 168 19 15 - 19 71 1,712

Kansas.......................................................... - - - 8 - - - - 8

 Surface....................................................... - - - 8 - - - - 8

Kentucky ..................................................... 3,816 2,571 3,211 1,398 949 1,145 317 1,845 15,252

 Underground.............................................. 2,919 1,476 1,830 1,057 627 626 198 1,183 9,916

 Surface....................................................... 897 1,095 1,381 341 322 519 119 662 5,336

 Eastern....................................................... 2,559 2,022 3,127 1,258 926 1,132 317 1,695 13,036

 Underground.............................................. 1,731 1,103 1,785 982 627 626 198 1,091 8,143

 Surface....................................................... 828 919 1,342 276 299 506 119 604 4,893

 Western...................................................... 1,257 549 84 140 23 13 - 150 2,216

 Underground.............................................. 1,188 373 45 75 - - - 92 1,773

 Surface....................................................... 69 176 39 65 23 13 - 58 443

Louisiana ..................................................... 180 34 - - - - - - 214

 Surface....................................................... 180 34 - - - - - - 214

Maryland..................................................... 190 60 64 - 26 71 5 35 451

 Underground.............................................. 190 - - - - 7 - 32 229

 Surface....................................................... - 60 64 - 26 64 5 3 222

Mississippi ................................................... 195 - - - - - - - 195

 Surface....................................................... 195 - - - - - - - 195

Missouri....................................................... - - 9 10 - - - - 19

 Surface....................................................... - - 9 10 - - - - 19

Montana ...................................................... 729 - 13 - - 15 - - 757

 Underground.............................................. - - - - - 15 - - 15

 Surface....................................................... 729 - 13 - - - - - 742

New Mexico................................................. 1,210 - - - 167 - - 38 1,415

 Underground.............................................. 240 - - - 12 - - - 252

 Surface....................................................... 970 - - - 155 - - 38 1,163

North Dakota .............................................. 917 - - - - - - - 917

 Surface....................................................... 917 - - - - - - - 917

Ohio.............................................................. 1,050 228 565 239 51 83 13 177 2,406

 Underground.............................................. 1,050 - 69 15 - 2 - 67 1,203

 Surface....................................................... - 228 496 224 51 81 13 110 1,203

Oklahoma.................................................... - 36 87 12 - 10 2 - 147

 Underground.............................................. - - 36 - - - - - 36

 Surface....................................................... - 36 51 12 - 10 2 - 111

Pennsylvania ............................................... 3,234 561 651 747 278 404 229 822 6,926

 Underground.............................................. 3,129 392 297 302 37 68 73 309 4,607

 Surface....................................................... 105 169 354 445 241 336 156 513 2,319

 Anthracite.................................................. - - - 89 105 128 120 378 820

 Underground.............................................. - - - 44 - 33 62 104 243

 Surface....................................................... - - - 45 105 95 58 274 577

 Bituminous ................................................ 3,234 561 651 658 173 276 109 444 6,106

 Underground.............................................. 3,129 392 297 258 37 35 11 205 4,364

 Surface....................................................... 105 169 354 400 136 241 98 239 1,742

Tennessee..................................................... - - 208 83 85 91 32 68 567

 Underground.............................................. - - 30 28 52 44 29 40 223

 Surface....................................................... - - 178 55 33 47 3 28 344

Texas............................................................ 2,280 57 - - - 32 - - 2,369

 Surface....................................................... 2,280 57 - - - 32 - - 2,369

Utah.............................................................. 1,123 39 282 - 21 35 - 52 1,552

 Underground.............................................. 1,123 39 282 - 21 14 - 36 1,515

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 38

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2003 (Continued) 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (thousand short tons) 

State, Region 1, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero 2

Total Number 

of Employees

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - 21 - 16 37

Virginia........................................................ 855 664 1,322 585 264 318 108 604 4,720

 Underground.............................................. 737 404 790 479 228 205 57 450 3,350

 Surface....................................................... 118 260 532 106 36 113 51 154 1,370

Washington ................................................. 577 - - - - - - - 577

 Surface....................................................... 577 - - - - - - - 577

West Virginia.............................................. 7,487 1,519 2,013 787 516 500 101 1,982 14,905

 Underground.............................................. 5,078 946 1,560 695 369 312 58 1,356 10,374

 Surface....................................................... 2,409 573 453 92 147 188 43 626 4,531

 Northern Total.......................................... 2,536 255 486 118 89 119 39 272 3,914

 Underground.............................................. 2,300 255 465 88 56 77 15 184 3,440

 Surface....................................................... 236 - 21 30 33 42 24 88 474

 Southern Total.......................................... 4,951 1,264 1,527 669 427 381 62 1,710 10,991

 Underground.............................................. 2,778 691 1,095 607 313 235 43 1,172 6,934

 Surface....................................................... 2,173 573 432 62 114 146 19 538 4,057

Wyoming ..................................................... 4,676 - - 44 - - - 80 4,800

 Surface....................................................... 4,676 - - 44 - - - 80 4,800

 

Appalachian Total...................................... 17,867 5,146 8,074 4,055 2,271 2,679 819 5,515 46,426

 Underground.............................................. 14,407 2,845 4,531 2,564 1,313 1,264 418 3,402 30,744

 Surface....................................................... 3,460 2,301 3,543 1,491 958 1,415 401 2,113 15,682

 Northern.................................................... 7,010 1,104 1,766 1,104 444 677 286 1,306 13,697

 Underground.............................................. 6,669 647 831 405 93 154 88 592 9,479

 Surface....................................................... 341 457 935 699 351 523 198 714 4,218

 Central....................................................... 8,365 3,950 6,184 2,595 1,702 1,922 519 4,077 29,314

 Underground.............................................. 5,246 2,198 3,700 2,096 1,220 1,110 327 2,753 18,650

 Surface....................................................... 3,119 1,752 2,484 499 482 812 192 1,324 10,664

 Southern .................................................... 2,492 92 124 356 125 80 14 132 3,415

 Underground.............................................. 2,492 - - 63 - - 3 57 2,615

 Surface....................................................... - 92 124 293 125 80 11 75 800

Interior Total .............................................. 8,960 1,250 518 246 38 142 58 405 11,617

 Underground.............................................. 4,722 748 182 75 - 83 34 232 6,076

 Surface....................................................... 4,238 502 336 171 38 59 24 173 5,541

 Illinois Basin.............................................. 6,305 1,123 422 216 38 100 34 405 8,643

 Underground.............................................. 4,722 748 146 75 - 83 15 232 6,021

 Surface....................................................... 1,583 375 276 141 38 17 19 173 2,622

Western Total ............................................. 11,828 39 517 44 188 50 - 212 12,878

 Underground.............................................. 2,682 39 478 - 33 29 - 42 3,303

 Surface....................................................... 9,146 - 39 44 155 21 - 170 9,575

 Powder River Basin.................................. 4,661 - - - - - - 80 4,741

 Surface....................................................... 4,661 - - - - - - 80 4,741

 Uinta Region ............................................. 3,013 39 421 - 21 35 - 58 3,587

 Underground.............................................. 2,442 39 421 - 21 14 - 42 2,979

 Surface....................................................... 571 - - - - 21 - 16 608

 

East of Miss. River ..................................... 24,367 6,269 8,496 4,271 2,309 2,779 853 5,920 55,264

 Underground.............................................. 19,129 3,593 4,677 2,639 1,313 1,347 433 3,634 36,765

 Surface....................................................... 5,238 2,676 3,819 1,632 996 1,432 420 2,286 18,499

West of Miss. River .................................... 14,288 166 613 74 188 92 24 212 15,657

 Underground.............................................. 2,682 39 514 - 33 29 19 42 3,358

 Surface....................................................... 11,606 127 99 74 155 63 5 170 12,299

 

Subtotal........................................................ 38,655 6,435 9,109 4,345 2,497 2,871 877 6,132 70,921

 Underground.............................................. 21,811 3,632 5,191 2,639 1,346 1,376 452 3,676 40,123

 Surface....................................................... 16,844 2,803 3,918 1,706 1,151 1,495 425 2,456 30,798

 

Refuse Recovery ......................................... - - - 39 20 22 18 3 102

 

U.S. Total.................................................... . 38,655 6,435 9,109 4,384 2,517 2,893 895 6,135 71,023

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
39 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2003 

Union2 Nonunion2

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama................................................ 2,515 23 97 774

Alaska................................................... - 81 - -

Arizona ................................................. - 661 - -

Colorado ............................................... 170 291 1,351 306

Illinois................................................... 1,750 143 1,423 338

Indiana.................................................. 4 308 1,056 1,390

Kansas .................................................. - - - 8

Kentucky Total..................................... 579 281 9,139 4,966

 Eastern................................................ 50 166 7,895 4,638

 Western............................................... 529 115 1,244 328

Louisiana .............................................. - - - 214

Maryland .............................................. - - 229 217

Mississippi............................................ - - - 195

Missouri................................................ - - - 19

Montana................................................ - 626 15 116

New Mexico ......................................... 252 873 - 290

North Dakota ........................................ - 273 - 644

Ohio...................................................... 426 90 777 1,100

Oklahoma ............................................. - - 36 109

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 2,408 256 2,126 1,914

 Anthracite ........................................... - 198 181 326

 Bituminous ......................................... 2,408 58 1,945 1,588

Tennessee ............................................. 25 - 169 341

Texas .................................................... - 1,519 - 850

Utah ...................................................... 504 - 1,011 39

Virginia................................................. 583 74 2,710 1,254

Washington........................................... - 577 - -

West Virginia Total.............................. 4,516 1,071 5,800 3,426

 Northern.............................................. 2,140 - 1,285 450

 Southern.............................................. 2,376 1,071 4,515 2,976

Wyoming.............................................. - 626 - 4,174

Appalachian Total.............................. 10,523 1,680 19,803 13,664

 Northern............................................. 4,974 346 4,417 3,681

 Central ............................................... 3,034 1,311 15,289 9,209

 Southern............................................. 2,515 23 97 774

Interior Total ...................................... 2,283 2,085 3,759 3,451

 Illinois Basin ..................................... 2,283 566 3,723 2,056

Western Total ..................................... 926 4,008 2,377 5,569

 Powder River Basin........................... - 613 - 4,128

 Uinta Region ..................................... 674 265 2,305 345

East of Miss. River ............................. 12,806 2,246 23,526 15,915

West of Miss. River ............................ 926 5,527 2,413 6,769

U.S. Total............................................. 13,732 7,773 25,939 22,684 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide 

data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 40
41 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Productivity 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 42

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2003, 2002 

Number of Mining Operations2 Number of Employees3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons)4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, and 

Mine Type 

2003 2002 Percent 

Change 2003 2002 Percent Change 2003 2002 Percent Change 

Alabama ...................................... 50 49 2.0 3,415 3,389 0.8 2.66 2.56 4.0

 Underground.............................. 13 14 -7.1 2,615 2,722 -3.9 2.58 2.49 3.4

 Surface....................................... 37 35 5.7 800 667 19.9 2.98 2.85 4.6

Alaska .......................................... 1 1 - 81 99 -18.2 6.08 4.98 22.2

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 81 99 -18.2 6.08 4.98 22.2

Arizona ........................................ 3 3 - 661 681 -2.9 8.16 7.21 13.1

 Surface....................................... 3 3 - 661 681 -2.9 8.16 7.21 13.1

Arkansas...................................... 2 4 -50.0 22 27 -18.5 * * -38.7

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 19 22 -13.6 * * 27.3

 Surface....................................... 1 3 -66.7 3 5 -40.0 1.08 2.15 -49.6

Colorado...................................... 13 14 -7.1 2,118 2,065 2.6 8.60 8.29 3.7

 Underground.............................. 9 9 - 1,521 1,416 7.4 9.14 8.81 3.8

 Surface....................................... 4 5 -20.0 597 649 -8.0 7.25 7.20 0.8

Illinois .......................................... 34 31 9.7 3,655 3,577 2.2 3.91 4.23 -7.6

 Underground.............................. 21 20 5.0 3,188 3,046 4.7 3.72 4.07 -8.7

 Surface....................................... 13 11 18.2 467 531 -12.1 5.08 5.05 0.6

Indiana......................................... 45 46 -2.2 2,772 2,702 2.6 5.25 5.35 -1.8

 Underground.............................. 15 13 15.4 1,060 908 16.7 3.58 3.79 -5.6

 Surface....................................... 30 33 -9.1 1,712 1,794 -4.6 6.19 6.07 1.9

Kansas.......................................... 1 1 - 8 8 - 8.70 11.04 -21.2

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 8 8 - 8.70 11.04 -21.2

Kentucky ..................................... 518 556 -6.8 15,252 17,042 -10.5 3.46 3.47 -0.3

 Underground.............................. 274 299 -8.4 9,916 11,310 -12.3 3.26 3.22 1.2

 Surface....................................... 244 257 -5.1 5,336 5,732 -6.9 3.83 3.94 -2.7

 Eastern....................................... 484 520 -6.9 13,036 14,518 -10.2 3.32 3.32 -0.2

 Underground.............................. 257 279 -7.9 8,143 9,281 -12.3 3.04 3.03 0.6

 Surface....................................... 227 241 -5.8 4,893 5,237 -6.6 3.77 3.82 -1.1

 Western...................................... 34 36 -5.6 2,216 2,524 -12.2 4.23 4.22 0.4

 Underground.............................. 17 20 -15.0 1,773 2,029 -12.6 4.19 4.00 4.7

 Surface....................................... 17 16 6.3 443 495 -10.5 4.42 5.19 -14.8

Louisiana ..................................... 2 2 - 214 205 4.4 8.78 8.73 0.5

 Surface....................................... 2 2 - 214 205 4.4 8.78 8.73 0.5

Maryland..................................... 18 19 -5.3 451 511 -11.7 5.42 4.71 15.0

 Underground.............................. 3 4 -25.0 229 283 -19.1 6.92 5.38 28.6

 Surface....................................... 15 15 - 222 228 -2.6 3.84 3.83 0.4

Mississippi ................................... 1 1 - 195 135 44.4 8.77 8.42 4.2

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 195 135 44.4 8.77 8.42 4.2

Missouri....................................... 2 2 - 19 13 46.2 12.57 10.64 18.2

 Surface....................................... 2 2 - 19 13 46.2 12.57 10.64 18.2

Montana ...................................... 7 6 16.7 757 806 -6.1 24.10 23.42 2.9

 Underground.............................. 1 - - 15 - - 0.85 - -

 Surface....................................... 6 6 - 742 806 -7.9 24.68 23.42 5.4

New Mexico................................. 7 8 -12.5 1,415 1,674 -15.5 9.10 8.29 9.8

 Underground.............................. 2 2 - 252 229 10.0 11.59 3.44 236.7

 Surface....................................... 5 6 -16.7 1,163 1,445 -19.5 8.57 9.12 -6.0

North Dakota .............................. 4 4 - 917 939 -2.3 17.69 17.00 4.1

 Surface....................................... 4 4 - 917 939 -2.3 17.69 17.00 4.1

Ohio.............................................. 71 77 -7.8 2,406 2,567 -6.3 3.90 3.58 8.7

 Underground.............................. 16 17 -5.9 1,203 1,255 -4.1 4.50 3.91 15.0

 Surface....................................... 55 60 -8.3 1,203 1,312 -8.3 3.28 3.29 -0.3

Oklahoma.................................... 7 6 16.7 147 138 6.5 4.54 4.17 8.9

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 36 39 -7.7 4.68 4.98 -6.1

 Surface....................................... 6 5 20.0 111 99 12.1 4.50 3.86 16.5

Pennsylvania ............................... 325 338 -3.8 6,926 7,663 -9.6 4.18 4.18 *

 Underground.............................. 91 100 -9.0 4,607 5,062 -9.0 4.96 5.02 -1.1

 Surface....................................... 234 238 -1.7 2,319 2,601 -10.8 2.44 2.40 1.7

 Anthracite.................................. 109 112 -2.7 820 872 -6.0 0.82 0.78 5.7

 Underground.............................. 38 40 -5.0 243 229 6.1 0.70 0.78 -10.3

 Surface....................................... 71 72 -1.4 577 643 -10.3 0.86 0.78 11.5

 Bituminous ................................ 216 226 -4.4 6,106 6,791 -10.1 4.56 4.57 -0.2

 Underground.............................. 53 60 -11.7 4,364 4,833 -9.7 5.13 5.18 -0.8

 Surface....................................... 163 166 -1.8 1,742 1,958 -11.0 2.94 2.93 0.4

Tennessee..................................... 31 31 - 567 619 -8.4 2.42 2.70 -10.3

 Underground.............................. 14 16 -12.5 223 297 -24.9 1.92 2.39 -19.6

 Surface....................................... 17 15 13.3 344 322 6.8 2.66 2.90 -8.1

Texas............................................ 13 12 8.3 2,369 2,375 -0.3 9.50 9.05 4.9

 Surface....................................... 13 12 8.3 2,369 2,375 -0.3 9.50 9.05 4.9

Utah.............................................. 20 17 17.6 1,552 1,548 0.3 7.22 7.70 -6.2

 Underground.............................. 17 15 13.3 1,515 1,524 -0.6 7.32 7.77 -5.7

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
43 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2003, 2002 (Continued) 

Number of Mining Operations 2 Number of Employees 3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons) 4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

 , 

and Mine Type 

2003 2002 Percent 

Change 2003 2002 Percent Change 2003 2002 Percent Change 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................... 3 2 50.0 37 24 54.2 0.53 4.13 -87.1

Virginia........................................ 170 185 -8.1 4,720 5,041 -6.4 3.17 2.94 7.9

 Underground.............................. 105 120 -12.5 3,350 3,720 -9.9 3.07 2.81 9.1

 Surface....................................... 65 65 - 1,370 1,321 3.7 3.41 3.25 4.7

Washington ................................. 1 1 - 577 548 5.3 4.92 4.81 2.4

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 577 548 5.3 4.92 4.81 2.4

West Virginia.............................. 367 411 -10.7 14,905 16,247 -8.3 4.16 4.33 -4.0

 Underground.............................. 220 247 -10.9 10,374 11,019 -5.9 3.79 3.89 -2.6

 Surface....................................... 147 164 -10.4 4,531 5,228 -13.3 4.95 5.15 -4.0

 Northern.................................... 77 81 -4.9 3,914 3,770 3.8 4.13 4.48 -7.8

 Underground.............................. 41 47 -12.8 3,440 3,260 5.5 4.05 4.42 -8.5

 Surface....................................... 36 34 5.9 474 510 -7.1 4.70 4.79 -2.0

 Southern .................................... 290 330 -12.1 10,991 12,477 -11.9 4.17 4.29 -2.8

 Underground.............................. 179 200 -10.5 6,934 7,759 -10.6 3.67 3.68 -0.2

 Surface....................................... 111 130 -14.6 4,057 4,718 -14.0 4.97 5.19 -4.2

Wyoming ..................................... 19 18 5.6 4,800 4,699 2.1 37.99 38.10 -0.3

 Surface....................................... 19 18 5.6 4,800 4,699 2.1 37.99 38.10 -0.3

 

Appalachian Total...................... 1,516 1,630 -7.0 46,426 50,555 -8.2 3.71 3.71 -0.2

 Underground.............................. 719 797 -9.8 30,744 33,639 -8.6 3.64 3.61 0.9

 Surface....................................... 797 833 -4.3 15,682 16,916 -7.3 3.82 3.91 -2.1

 Northern.................................... 491 515 -4.7 13,697 14,511 -5.6 4.15 4.16 -0.1

 Underground.............................. 151 168 -10.1 9,479 9,860 -3.9 4.62 4.70 -1.6

 Surface....................................... 340 347 -2.0 4,218 4,651 -9.3 3.04 3.02 0.7

 Central....................................... 975 1,066 -8.5 29,314 32,655 -10.2 3.62 3.64 -0.6

 Underground.............................. 555 615 -9.8 18,650 21,057 -11.4 3.28 3.23 1.6

 Surface....................................... 420 451 -6.9 10,664 11,598 -8.1 4.18 4.31 -3.0

 Southern .................................... 50 49 2.0 3,415 3,389 0.8 2.66 2.56 4.0

 Underground.............................. 13 14 -7.1 2,615 2,722 -3.9 2.58 2.49 3.4

 Surface....................................... 37 35 5.7 800 667 19.9 2.98 2.85 4.6

Interior Total .............................. 141 141 - 11,617 11,704 -0.7 5.56 5.54 0.5

 Underground.............................. 55 55 - 6,076 6,044 0.5 3.83 4.00 -4.2

 Surface....................................... 86 86 - 5,541 5,660 -2.1 7.43 7.17 3.7

 Illinois Basin.............................. 113 113 - 8,643 8,803 -1.8 4.44 4.59 -3.2

 Underground.............................. 53 53 - 6,021 5,983 0.6 3.84 4.00 -4.2

 Surface....................................... 60 60 - 2,622 2,820 -7.0 5.73 5.75 -0.3

Western Total ............................. 75 72 4.2 12,878 13,059 -1.4 20.82 20.07 3.7

 Underground.............................. 29 26 11.5 3,303 3,169 4.2 8.42 7.89 6.8

 Surface....................................... 46 46 - 9,575 9,890 -3.2 25.01 23.93 4.5

 Powder River Basin.................. 19 18 5.6 4,741 4,646 2.0 40.62 40.92 -0.7

 Underground.............................. - - - - - - - - -

 Surface....................................... 19 18 5.6 4,741 4,646 2.0 40.62 40.92 -0.7

 Uinta Region ............................. 31 28 10.7 3,587 3,488 2.8 8.09 8.17 -1.0

 Underground.............................. 25 23 8.7 2,979 2,874 3.7 8.31 8.37 -0.7

 Surface....................................... 6 5 20.0 608 614 -1.0 6.97 7.26 -4.0

 

East of Miss. River ..................... 1,630 1,744 -6.5 55,264 59,493 -7.1 3.84 3.86 -0.5

 Underground.............................. 772 850 -9.2 36,765 39,622 -7.2 3.68 3.67 *

 Surface....................................... 858 894 -4.0 18,499 19,871 -6.9 4.17 4.22 -1.2

West of Miss. River .................... 102 99 3.0 15,657 15,825 -1.1 18.67 18.06 3.4

 Underground.............................. 31 28 10.7 3,358 3,230 4.0 8.33 7.80 6.8

 Surface....................................... 71 71 - 12,299 12,595 -2.4 21.42 20.67 3.6

 

Subtotal........................................ 1,732 1,843 -6.0 70,921 75,318 -5.8 6.95 6.81 2.1

 Underground.............................. 803 878 -8.5 40,123 42,852 -6.4 4.04 3.98 1.3

 Surface....................................... 929 965 -3.7 30,798 32,466 -5.1 10.76 10.38 3.7

 

Refuse Recovery ......................... 25 32 -21.9 102 148 -31.1 5.69 3.86 47.4

 

U.S. Total..................................... 1 ,757 1,875 -6.3 71,023 75,466 -5.9 6.95 6.80 2.1

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant or preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal are reported as two operations. 3

 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office 

workers. 4

 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, 

repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 44

Table 22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2003 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2

 Conventional3 Longwall4 Other5 Total 

Alabama............................................. 1.56 - 2.61 - 2.58

Colorado ............................................ 3.12 5.76 9.48 - 9.14

Illinois................................................ 3.84 - 3.52 - 3.72

Indiana............................................... 3.60 - - - 3.60

Kentucky Total.................................. 3.31 2.64 4.75 2.18 3.28

 East .................................................. 3.04 2.64 4.75 - 3.05

 West................................................. 4.28 - - 2.18 4.25

Maryland ........................................... 6.96 - 6.92 - 6.92

Montana............................................. 0.85 - - - 0.85

New Mexico ...................................... - - 12.18 - 12.18

Ohio................................................... 4.61 3.04 4.83 - 4.52

Oklahoma .......................................... 4.68 - - - 4.68

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 4.02 0.51 5.36 - 5.01

 Anthracite ........................................ 0.79 0.51 - - 0.72

 Bituminous ...................................... 4.39 - 5.36 - 5.15

Tennessee .......................................... 2.07 - - - 2.07

Utah ................................................... 2.77 - 8.57 - 7.32

Virginia.............................................. 2.67 3.88 4.70 - 3.09

West Virginia Total........................... 3.35 2.97 4.46 - 3.80

 Northern........................................... 3.63 2.00 4.28 - 4.06

 Southern........................................... 3.29 3.07 4.66 - 3.68

 

Appalachian Total........................... 3.17 2.67 4.42 - 3.66

 Northern.......................................... 3.89 2.61 4.99 - 4.65

 Central ............................................ 3.06 2.69 4.68 - 3.29

 Southern.......................................... 1.56 - 2.61 - 2.58

Interior Total ................................... 3.15 - 3.52 1.36 3.20

 Illinois Basin .................................. 3.95 - 3.52 2.18 3.86

Western Total .................................. 2.73 5.76 9.31 - 8.46

 Powder River Basin........................ - ----

 Uinta Region .................................. 2.77 5.75 9.05 - 8.31

 

East of Miss. River .......................... 3.35 2.67 4.34 2.18 3.69

West of Miss. River ......................... 2.91 5.76 9.31 - 8.41

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 3.34 2.72 5.14 2.18 4.06 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

4

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 5

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods, or a 50/50 percent conventional/conventional split in mining method. 

 Note: • For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand alone mines. Productivity 

is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, 

maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
45 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2003 

 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range 

State, Region1

, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total2

Alabama ...................................................... 2.65 4.04 3.51 2.56 3.14 3.40 * 2.66

 Underground.............................................. 2.65 - - 1.76 - - * 2.58

 Surface....................................................... - 4.04 3.51 2.74 3.14 3.40 * 2.98

Alaska .......................................................... 6.08 - - - - - - 6.08

 Surface....................................................... 6.08 - - - - - - 6.08

Arizona ........................................................ 8.56 - - - - - - 8.16

 Surface....................................................... 8.56 - - - - - - 8.16

Arkansas...................................................... - - - - - - * *

 Underground.............................................. - - - - - - * *

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - 1.08 1.08

Colorado...................................................... 8.84 - 5.58 - - - - 8.60

 Underground.............................................. 9.51 - 5.14 - - - - 9.14

 Surface....................................................... 7.23 - 7.80 - - - - 7.25

Illinois .......................................................... 4.21 3.42 3.90 1.77 - 7.40 * 3.91

 Underground.............................................. 3.95 3.42 2.22 - - - * 3.72

 Surface....................................................... 6.93 3.41 5.27 1.77 - 7.40 - 5.08

Indiana......................................................... 5.47 5.59 5.52 6.40 2.26 1.96 * 5.25

 Underground.............................................. 3.64 4.02 4.96 - - 1.96 - 3.58

 Surface....................................................... 6.60 6.17 5.65 6.40 2.26 - * 6.19

Kansas.......................................................... - - - 8.70 - - - 8.70

 Surface....................................................... - - - 8.70 - - - 8.70

Kentucky ..................................................... 4.62 4.31 3.73 2.95 2.80 2.32 * 3.46

 Underground.............................................. 4.46 3.58 3.62 2.79 2.60 1.88 * 3.26

 Surface....................................................... 5.15 5.27 3.88 3.46 3.15 2.94 * 3.83

 Eastern....................................................... 4.39 4.54 3.75 2.86 2.76 2.26 * 3.32

 Underground.............................................. 4.14 3.78 3.63 2.77 2.60 1.88 * 3.04

 Surface....................................................... 4.93 5.46 3.89 3.18 3.05 2.82 * 3.77

 Western...................................................... 5.10 3.38 3.26 4.09 4.43 6.27 - 4.23

 Underground.............................................. 4.93 2.86 2.81 3.17 - - - 4.19

 Surface....................................................... 7.81 4.31 3.78 4.82 4.43 6.27 - 4.42

Louisiana ..................................................... 8.86 8.29 - - - - - 8.78

 Surface....................................................... 8.86 8.29 - - - - - 8.78

Maryland..................................................... 8.12 4.70 4.93 - 3.18 2.00 * 5.42

 Underground.............................................. 8.12 - - - - 8.16 - 6.92

 Surface....................................................... - 4.70 4.93 - 3.18 1.64 1.23 3.84

Mississippi ................................................... 8.77 - - - - - - 8.77

 Surface....................................................... 8.77 - - - - - - 8.77

Missouri....................................................... - - 16.59 8.71 - - - 12.57

 Surface....................................................... - - 16.59 8.71 - - - 12.57

Montana ...................................................... 24.81 - 16.48 - - 0.85 - 24.10

 Underground.............................................. - - - - - 0.85 - 0.85

 Surface....................................................... 24.81 - 16.48 - - - - 24.68

New Mexico................................................. 10.58 - - - * - - 9.10

 Underground.............................................. 12.18 - - - - - - 11.59

 Surface....................................................... 10.19 - - - * - - 8.57

North Dakota .............................................. 17.69 - - - - - - 17.69

 Surface....................................................... 17.69 - - - - - - 17.69

Ohio.............................................................. 4.81 3.91 4.00 3.16 4.14 1.29 * 3.90

 Underground.............................................. 4.81 - 3.95 5.35 - - - 4.50

 Surface....................................................... - 3.91 4.01 3.01 4.14 1.34 * 3.28

Oklahoma.................................................... - 5.31 4.30 5.73 - 2.64 0.55 4.54

 Underground.............................................. - - 4.68 - - - - 4.68

 Surface....................................................... - 5.31 4.05 5.73 - 2.64 0.55 4.50

Pennsylvania ............................................... 5.72 3.97 4.81 2.64 2.68 2.36 * 4.18

 Underground.............................................. 5.74 4.41 6.30 1.95 2.99 1.03 * 4.96

 Surface....................................................... 5.11 2.81 3.64 3.11 2.64 2.54 * 2.44

 Anthracite.................................................. - - - 1.97 1.67 1.66 * 0.82

 Underground.............................................. - - - 1.84 - 1.25 * 0.70

 Surface....................................................... - - - 2.11 1.67 1.78 * 0.86

 Bituminous ................................................ 5.72 3.97 4.81 2.72 3.32 2.73 * 4.56

 Underground.............................................. 5.74 4.41 6.30 1.97 2.99 0.68 * 5.13

 Surface....................................................... 5.11 2.81 3.64 3.21 3.38 2.89 * 2.94

Tennessee..................................................... - - 3.04 3.19 2.53 1.98 * 2.42

 Underground.............................................. - - 3.96 2.84 2.60 1.77 * 1.92

 Surface....................................................... - - 2.90 3.31 2.43 2.24 * 2.66

Texas............................................................ 9.57 14.02 - - - * - 9.50

 Surface....................................................... 9.57 14.02 - - - * - 9.50

Utah.............................................................. 9.07 6.06 2.23 - 4.85 2.50 - 7.22

 Underground.............................................. 9.07 6.06 2.23 - 4.85 1.95 - 7.32

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 46

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2003 (Continued) 

 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range 

State, Region 1, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total 2

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - 3.59 - 0.53

Virginia........................................................ 4.64 4.07 3.59 2.82 2.37 2.30 * 3.17

 Underground.............................................. 4.65 3.77 3.39 2.80 2.51 2.41 * 3.07

 Surface....................................................... 4.63 4.54 3.85 2.92 1.68 2.18 * 3.41

Washington ................................................. 4.92 - - - - - - 4.92

 Surface....................................................... 4.92 - - - - - - 4.92

West Virginia.............................................. 5.36 5.26 3.54 2.91 3.45 2.30 * 4.16

 Underground.............................................. 4.88 5.11 3.37 2.79 2.96 2.51 * 3.79

 Surface....................................................... 6.30 5.48 4.10 3.81 4.89 2.03 * 4.95

 Northern Total.......................................... 4.85 5.46 2.28 3.60 4.40 2.04 * 4.13

 Underground.............................................. 4.64 5.46 2.15 3.38 3.87 1.49 * 4.05

 Surface....................................................... 6.79 - 5.14 4.18 4.94 2.59 * 4.70

 Southern Total.......................................... 5.60 5.23 3.92 2.80 3.23 2.40 * 4.17

 Underground.............................................. 5.07 5.01 3.87 2.71 2.83 2.81 * 3.67

 Surface....................................................... 6.25 5.48 4.05 3.64 4.87 1.77 * 4.97

Wyoming ..................................................... 38.97 - - 2.98 - - - 37.99

 Surface....................................................... 38.97 - - 2.98 - - - 37.99

 

Appalachian Total...................................... 4.87 4.58 3.76 2.82 2.88 2.25 * 3.71

 Underground.............................................. 4.61 4.29 3.68 2.66 2.69 2.06 * 3.64

 Surface....................................................... 5.89 4.93 3.85 3.07 3.11 2.38 * 3.82

 Northern.................................................... 5.33 4.26 3.87 2.84 3.12 2.12 * 4.15

 Underground.............................................. 5.28 4.73 3.78 2.34 3.46 1.43 * 4.62

 Surface....................................................... 6.35 3.62 3.95 3.12 3.06 2.25 * 3.04

 Central....................................................... 5.13 4.68 3.73 2.85 2.78 2.28 * 3.62

 Underground.............................................. 4.69 4.15 3.66 2.76 2.64 2.16 * 3.28

 Surface....................................................... 5.84 5.33 3.83 3.20 3.15 2.44 * 4.18

 Southern .................................................... 2.65 4.04 3.51 2.56 3.14 3.40 * 2.66

 Underground.............................................. 2.65 - - 1.76 - - * 2.58

 Surface....................................................... - 4.04 3.51 2.74 3.14 3.40 * 2.98

Interior Total .............................................. 6.12 4.22 4.76 4.10 3.44 1.78 * 5.56

 Underground.............................................. 4.16 3.20 3.45 3.17 - 1.96 * 3.83

 Surface....................................................... 8.31 5.62 5.42 4.37 3.44 1.70 * 7.43

 Illinois Basin.............................................. 4.85 3.81 4.61 3.46 3.44 3.29 * 4.44

 Underground.............................................. 4.16 3.20 3.14 3.17 - 1.96 * 3.84

 Surface....................................................... 6.70 4.87 5.33 3.57 3.44 6.41 * 5.73

Western Total ............................................. 22.31 6.06 3.56 2.98 * 1.44 - 20.82

 Underground.............................................. 9.56 6.06 3.00 - 1.95 1.15 - 8.42

 Surface....................................................... 26.04 - 10.67 2.98 * 3.59 - 25.01

 Powder River Basin.................................. 41.31 - - - - - - 40.62

 Surface....................................................... 41.31 - - - - - - 40.62

 Uinta Region ............................................. 8.92 6.06 2.98 - 4.85 2.50 - 8.09

 Underground.............................................. 9.31 6.06 2.98 - 4.85 1.95 - 8.31

 Surface....................................................... 7.23 - - - - 3.59 - 6.97

 

East of Miss. River ..................................... 4.89 4.45 3.80 2.84 2.89 2.27 * 3.84

 Underground.............................................. 4.50 4.08 3.66 2.67 2.69 2.06 * 3.68

 Surface....................................................... 6.23 4.92 3.96 3.11 3.13 2.42 * 4.17

West of Miss. River .................................... 20.04 7.91 3.93 4.84 * 0.97 * 18.67

 Underground.............................................. 9.56 6.06 3.15 - 1.95 1.15 * 8.33

 Surface....................................................... 22.44 8.69 7.38 4.84 * 0.87 * 21.42

 

Subtotal........................................................ 10.03 4.52 3.81 2.88 2.66 2.22 * 6.95

 Underground.............................................. 5.06 4.10 3.62 2.67 2.67 2.03 * 4.04

 Surface....................................................... 16.73 5.05 4.04 3.18 2.65 2.35 * 10.76

 

Refuse Recovery ......................................... - - - 7.71 6.46 3.29 1.39 5.69

 

U.S. Total.................................................... . 10.03 4.52 3.81 2.93 2.69 2.23 * 6.95

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, 

development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during 

the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
47 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2003 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Union Nonunion Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama................................................ 2.63 - 1.24 3.08

Alaska................................................... - 6.08 - -

Arizona ................................................. - 8.16 - -

Colorado ............................................... 5.70 6.05 9.59 8.48

Illinois................................................... 3.84 2.24 3.60 6.25

Indiana.................................................. - 5.00 3.59 6.43

Kansas .................................................. - - - 8.70

Kentucky Total..................................... 2.57 4.31 3.31 3.81

 Eastern................................................ - 5.84 3.07 3.70

 Western............................................... 2.85 2.19 4.69 5.29

Louisiana .............................................. - - - 8.78

Maryland .............................................. - - 6.92 3.85

Mississippi............................................ - - - 8.77

Missouri................................................ - - - 12.57

Montana................................................ - 22.01 0.85 40.06

New Mexico ......................................... 11.59 7.60 - 11.45

North Dakota ........................................ - 14.79 - 18.76

Ohio...................................................... 4.45 3.61 4.53 3.26

Oklahoma ............................................. - - 4.68 4.59

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 4.22 0.94 5.88 2.68

 Anthracite ........................................... - 0.53 0.72 1.07

 Bituminous ......................................... 4.22 2.23 6.26 2.99

Tennessee ............................................. 1.76 - 2.09 2.66

Texas .................................................... - 9.32 - 9.84

Utah ...................................................... 4.83 - 8.51 0.53

Virginia................................................. 2.67 3.16 3.17 3.42

Washington........................................... - 4.92 - -

West Virginia Total.............................. 3.61 3.91 3.95 5.25

 Northern.............................................. 4.28 - 3.58 4.78

 Southern.............................................. 2.97 3.91 4.04 5.32

Wyoming.............................................. - 8.06 - 42.11

Appalachian Total.............................. 3.48 3.58 3.75 3.87

 Northern............................................. 4.27 1.68 5.09 3.20

 Central ............................................... 2.85 4.12 3.38 4.20

 Southern............................................. 2.63 - 1.24 3.08

Interior Total ...................................... 3.60 7.72 3.98 7.28

 Illinois Basin ..................................... 3.60 3.72 3.97 6.25

Western Total ..................................... 6.83 9.84 9.04 35.96

 Powder River Basin........................... - 22.11 - 43.32

 Uinta Region ..................................... 5.05 5.91 9.27 7.89

East of Miss. River ............................. 3.50 3.61 3.79 4.27

West of Miss. River ............................ 6.83 9.69 8.97 31.14

U.S. Total............................................. 3.70 7.85 4.24 11.78 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, 

processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal 

and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 48
49 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Domestic Markets 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 50

Table 25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2003 

 Company Name Plant Location 

Top Ten Manufacturers

 Aluminum Co of America (IN)(TX)

 Archer Daniels Midland (IA)(IL)(MN)(ND)

 Carmeuse North American Group (AL)(IL)(IN)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)

 Dakota Coal Company (ND)

 E I DuPont DE Nemours & Co (DE)(MS)(NC)(SC)(TN)(WV)

 Eastman Chemical Company (AR)(NY)(SC)(TN)

 Georgia-Pacific Corp (AL)(GA)(OK)(VA)(WI)

 International Paper Co (AL)(FL)(GA)(IN)(LA)(MI)(MN)(NC)(SC)(VA)(WI)

 Lafarge North America (AL)(GA)(IA)(IL)(KS)(MI)(MO)(NY)(OK)(PA)(SC)(WA)

 Mead Westvaco Corporation (MD)(MI)(OH)(SC)(VA)

Other Major Manufacturers

 A E Stanley Manufacturing Co (IL)(IN)(TN)

 Abitibi Consolidated Sales Corp (AZ)

 Amalgamated Sugar Co, LLC (ID)

 American Crystal Sugar Co (MN)(ND)

 Ash Grove Cement Co (AR)(KS)(MT)(NE)(UT)

 Blue Ridge Paper Prod Inc (NC)

 Bowater Newsprint (AL)(TN)

 California Portland Cement Co (AZ)(CA)

 Cargill Incorporated (AL)(GA)(IA)(MI)(NC)(NY)(OH)(TN)

 Celanese Ltd (TX)

 Cemex, Inc (AL)(CO)(GA)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)(TN)(TX)

 Central Power & Lime Inc (FL)

 Corn Prod International (IL)(NC)

 ESSROC Materials Inc (IN)(MD)(PA)

 FMC Corporation (WV)(WY)

 G E Company (IN)(KY)(PA)

 General Chemical Corporation (WY)

 Holcim Inc (AL)(CO)(IA)(MI)(MS)(SC)(UT)

 IMC Chemical Co (CA)

 ISG/ Bethlehem Steel Corp (IN)

 Ispat US Holdings BV (IN)

 Kennecott Utah Copper (UT)

 Lehigh Cement Co (AL)(IA)(IN)(MD)(PA)

 PPG Industries Inc (WV)

 Silver Bay Power Company (MN)

 Smurfit Stone Container Corp (FL)(MI)(SC)(VA)

 Solutia Inc (AL)(MA)

 Stora Enso North America (WI)

 TXI Operations, LP (TX)

 Weyerhaeuser Inc (AL)(NC)(PA)(TN)(WA)

Top Ten Coke Producers

 AK Steel Corp (KY)(OH)

 Bethlehem Steel Corp (IN)

 Citizens Gas & Coke Utility (IN)

 DTE Energy Services (IN)

 Drummond Company Inc (AL)

 Indiana Harbor Coke Co LP (IN)

 Jewell Coke Company LP (VA)

 National Steel Corp (IL)(MI)

 U S Steel Mining Company LLC (IN)(PA)

 Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp (WV) 

 Note: • Major manufactures are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. 

Manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Manufacturers: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report, Manufacturing Plants;" and, Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, 

"Coke Plant Report - Quarterly." 
51 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2003, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2003 2002 Total 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial 

2003 2002 Percent 

Change 

New England........................ 8,184 W - W 7,858 W - W 8,424 8,092 4.1

 Connecticut......................... 2,054 - - W 1,508 - - W W W 36.2

 Maine.................................. 145 W - W 221 W - W 266 311 -14.6

 Massachusetts..................... 4,390 W - W 4,603 W - W 4,498 4,735 -5.0

 New Hampshire.................. 1,595 - - W 1,527 - - W W W 4.4

 Rhode Island....................... - - - W --- W W W 29.1

 Vermont.............................. - - - W --- W W W 21.0

Middle Atlantic.................... 64,342 W W W 63,084 W W W 77,086 75,570 2.0

 New Jersey ......................... 3,935 W - W 4,070 W - W 3,946 4,079 -3.3

 New York ........................... 9,818 1,100 W 84 9,154 1,155 W 45 W W 6.6

 Pennsylvania....................... 50,590 3,046 W 700 49,860 3,121 W 587 W W 1.6

East North Central.............. 225,090 14,401 11,410 1,013 219,573 14,147 11,154 1,253 251,914 246,127 2.4

 Illinois................................. 52,313 3,444 W 266 49,266 3,297 W 173 W W 6.3

 Indiana................................ 56,977 5,298 8,008 357 57,692 5,196 8,093 331 70,639 71,311 -0.9

 Michigan............................. 34,065 1,834 W 32 33,367 1,802 W 266 W W 1.5

 Ohio.................................... 57,334 2,101 W 203 55,917 2,136 W 357 W W 2.4

 Wisconsin ........................... 24,401 1,723 - 155 23,331 1,716 - 127 26,280 25,174 4.4

West North Central............. 148,588 13,419 - 659 142,462 W - W 162,666 155,801 4.4

 Iowa.................................... 22,046 2,898 - 289 21,504 2,860 - 313 25,233 24,676 2.3

 Kansas ................................ 22,580 158 - * 22,660 178 - * 22,738 22,838 -0.4

 Minnesota ........................... 20,056 1,982 - 1 19,088 1,261 - 106 22,040 20,455 7.7

 Missouri.............................. 43,834 1,001 - 192 39,703 994 - 188 45,027 40,885 10.1

 Nebraska............................. 12,725 385 - 5 12,210 388 - 7 13,115 12,605 4.1

 North Dakota...................... 25,173 W - W 25,247 W - W 31,970 31,984 *

 South Dakota...................... 2,174 W - W 2,051 306 - 1 2,543 2,358 7.8

South Atlantic ...................... 170,342 W W W 170,625 W W W 184,555 185,155 -0.3

 Delaware............................. 1,519 W - W 1,541 W - W 1,619 1,640 -1.3

 District of Columbia........... - - - W --- W W W 93.3

 Florida ................................ 26,433 1,111 - 8 28,139 1,196 - 10 27,553 29,345 -6.1

 Georgia ............................... 33,398 1,761 - - 32,637 1,828 - 5 35,159 34,470 2.0

 Maryland ............................ 11,780 1,254 - 6 11,245 1,323 - 3 13,039 12,571 3.7

 North Carolina.................... 29,433 1,590 - 130 29,478 1,597 - 132 31,153 31,208 -0.2

 South Carolina.................... 14,798 1,983 - - 14,341 1,923 - * 16,781 16,263 3.2

 Virginia............................... 15,546 2,221 W 105 15,417 2,152 W 77 W W 1.3

 West Virginia ..................... 37,435 1,402 W 43 37,828 1,536 W 34 W W -1.6

East South Central .............. 107,372 W 2,541 W 104,649 W 2,319 W 117,019 114,044 2.6

 Alabama.............................. 35,598 2,055 W 3 33,545 2,133 W 4 W W 5.5

 Kentucky ............................ 38,536 1,210 W 203 38,605 1,134 W 252 W W 0.2

 Mississippi.......................... 10,049 W - W 7,869 W - W 10,196 8,018 27.2

 Tennessee ........................... 23,189 3,354 - 134 24,630 3,340 - 64 26,677 28,034 -4.8

West South Central ............. 152,456 W - W 145,825 W - W 157,977 151,138 4.5

 Arkansas ............................. 14,310 417 - - 14,165 422 - * 14,726 14,587 1.0

 Louisiana ............................ 15,462 W - W 14,623 W - W 15,592 14,676 6.2

 Oklahoma ........................... 21,580 W - W 21,365 W - W 22,283 22,090 0.9

 Texas .................................. 101,103 4,132 - 140 95,673 4,046 - 65 105,376 99,785 5.6

Mountain .............................. 115,880 4,075 - 458 112,921 3,773 - 550 120,413 117,244 2.7

 Arizona ............................... 19,378 681 - 1 19,328 626 - 1 20,059 19,955 0.5

 Colorado ............................. 19,592 W - W 19,446 W - W 20,149 19,877 1.4

 Idaho................................... - 490 - 14 - 469 - 19 503 487 3.2

 Montana.............................. 10,927 W - W 9,746 W - W 11,022 9,841 12.0

 Nevada................................ 7,365 W - W 7,885 W - W 7,591 8,071 -6.0

 New Mexico ....................... 16,539 W - W 15,197 W - W 16,623 15,275 8.8

 Utah .................................... 16,217 611 - 61 15,644 592 - 198 16,890 16,434 2.8

 Wyoming............................ 25,861 1,614 - 100 25,675 1,535 - 94 27,575 27,305 1.0

Pacific ................................... 12,028 W - W 10,511 W - W 14,687 13,183 11.4

 Alaska................................. 518 W - W 562 W - W 967 1,034 -6.5

 California............................ 889 1,976 - * 970 1,973 - * 2,865 2,943 -2.6

 Hawaii ................................ 734 W - W 698 W - W 786 748 5.1

 Oregon................................ 2,533 W - W 2,155 W - W 2,598 2,205 17.8

 Washington......................... 7,355 W - W 6,126 W - W 7,471 6,252 19.5

U.S. Total.............................. 1,004,283 61,976 24,248 4,236 977,507 60,747 23,656 4,445 1,094,742 1,066,355 2.7 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Electric power sector data is preliminary. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants," Form 

EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly," Form EIA-6A, "Coal Distribution Report," Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 52

Table 27. Year-End Coal Stocks by End-Use Sector, by Census Division, 2003, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2003 2002 Total Census Division 

and State Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 2003 2002 Percent 

Change 

New England............................... 2,054 42 - 1,034 48 - 2,096 1,082 93.7

Middle Atlantic........................... 4,727 377 W 7,480 447 W W W -35.6

East North Central..................... 32,825 1,346 382 37,373 1,761 570 34,552 39,704 -13.0

West North Central.................... 20,751 1,183 - 23,446 1,301 - 21,934 24,748 -11.4

South Atlantic ............................. 19,077 614 W 24,265 715 W W W -21.2

East South Central ..................... 12,347 353 143 12,736 401 208 12,843 13,345 -3.8

West South Central .................... 17,549 257 - 21,077 349 - 17,806 21,427 -16.9

Mountain ..................................... 10,726 344 - 13,094 560 - 11,071 13,654 -18.9

Pacific .......................................... 1,314 202 - 1,208 209 - 1,516 1,417 7.0

U.S. Total..................................... 121,371 4,718 905 141,714 5,792 1,364 126,994 148,870 -14.7 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Stocks for residential and commercial sector are not included. Electric power sector data is preliminary. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants," and 

Form EIA-5, "Coke Plants Report - Quarterly." 
53 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Average Mine Sales Price 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 54

Table 28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2003, 2002 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

2003 2002 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 33.36 35.03 33.75 34.11 34.87 34.28 -2.2 0.5 -1.6

Alaska........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ....................................... - - - - W W - W W

Colorado ....................................... 17.35 20.72 18.21 16.58 20.37 17.72 4.6 1.7 2.8

Illinois........................................... 23.98 24.81 24.13 23.50 26.30 24.04 2.1 -5.7 0.4

Indiana.......................................... 26.74 21.25 22.48 25.92 21.24 22.20 3.2 * 1.2

Kansas .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................. 28.10 28.21 28.15 28.03 27.38 27.77 0.3 3.1 1.4

 Eastern........................................ 29.83 29.02 29.49 29.77 28.11 29.04 0.2 3.2 1.5

 Western....................................... 22.23 21.44 22.05 22.37 21.81 22.23 -0.6 -1.7 -0.8

Louisiana ...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland ...................................... W W 22.66 W W 23.08 W W -1.8

Mississippi.................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana........................................ W W 9.42 - 9.27 9.27 W W 1.7

New Mexico ................................. W W 23.18 W W 22.47 W W 3.2

North Dakota ................................ - 8.76 8.76 - 8.46 8.46 - 3.5 3.5

Ohio.............................................. 21.58 22.90 22.10 20.88 22.00 21.44 3.4 4.1 3.1

Oklahoma ..................................... W W 28.32 W W 27.86 W W 1.6

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 26.43 28.23 26.75 25.52 27.42 25.87 3.6 2.9 3.4

 Anthracite ................................... 45.66 50.34 49.55 40.73 49.55 47.78 12.1 1.6 3.7

 Bituminous ................................. 26.35 25.98 26.29 25.45 25.49 25.46 3.5 1.9 3.3

Tennessee ..................................... 32.92 27.68 29.00 33.53 27.57 29.56 -1.8 0.4 -1.9

Texas ............................................ - 14.76 14.76 - 17.02 17.02 - -13.3 -13.3

Utah .............................................. W W 17.08 W W 18.30 W W -6.7

Virginia......................................... 30.32 30.28 30.30 31.68 29.77 31.09 -4.3 1.7 -2.5

West Virginia Total...................... 30.72 29.00 30.02 30.20 28.77 29.59 1.7 0.8 1.4

 Northern...................................... 25.61 26.36 25.74 24.42 27.93 24.98 4.9 -5.6 3.0

 Southern...................................... 32.96 29.25 31.19 33.03 28.84 30.92 -0.2 1.4 0.9

Wyoming...................................... - 6.74 6.74 - 6.37 6.37 - 5.8 5.8

 

U.S. Total..................................... 26.71 13.42 17.85 26.68 13.65 17.98 0.1 -1.7 -0.7 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
55 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2003 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Continuous1

 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total 

Alabama............................................. W - W - 33.36

Colorado ............................................ W W 17.24 - 17.35

Illinois................................................ W - W - 23.98

Indiana............................................... 26.74 - - - 26.74

Kentucky Total.................................. 27.83 30.02 W W 28.10

 Eastern............................................. W 30.02 W - 29.83

 Western............................................ W -- W 22.23

Maryland ........................................... W - W - W

Montana............................................. W --- W

New Mexico ...................................... - - W - W

Ohio................................................... 19.26 W W - 21.58

Oklahoma .......................................... W --- W

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 25.12 W W - 26.43

 Anthracite ........................................ W W - - 45.66

 Bituminous ...................................... W - W - 26.35

Tennessee .......................................... 32.92 - - - 32.92

Utah ................................................... 21.53 - 16.58 - 17.08

Virginia.............................................. 28.90 W W - 30.32

West Virginia Total........................... 31.09 28.24 30.37 - 30.72

 Northern........................................... 21.13 W 26.20 - 25.61

 Southern........................................... 31.82 W 35.55 - 32.96

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 27.86 29.26 25.63 25.83 26.71 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

3

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 4

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods, or a 50/50 percent conventional/conventional split in mining method. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 56

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Alabama ...................................................... 41 20,563 33.75

 Cullman ..................................................... 1 W W

 Franklin ..................................................... 1 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 1 W W

 Jefferson .................................................... 8 W W

 Marion ....................................................... 1 W W

 Shelby........................................................ 2 W W

 Tuscaloosa................................................. 9 10,966 30.15

 Walker....................................................... 16 2,646 33.92

 Winston ..................................................... 2 W W

Alaska .......................................................... 1WW

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division......................... 1 W W

Arizona ........................................................ 2WW

 Navajo ....................................................... 2 W W

Colorado...................................................... 12 33,819 18.21

 Delta .......................................................... 1 W W

 Garfield...................................................... 1 W W

 Gunnison ................................................... 3 W W

 La Plata...................................................... 1 W W

 Moffat........................................................ 2 W W

 Montrose.................................................... 1 W W

 Rio Blanco................................................. 1--

 Routt .......................................................... 2 W W

Illinois .......................................................... 21 31,262 24.13

 Gallatin ...................................................... 3 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 1 W W

 Macoupin................................................... 2 W W

 Mcdonough................................................ 1 W W

 Montgomery.............................................. 1 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 1 W W

 Randolph ................................................... 1 W W

 Saline......................................................... 3 W W

 Sangamon .................................................. 1 W W

 Vermilion................................................... 2 W W

 Wabash ...................................................... 2 W W

 White ......................................................... 2 W W

 Williamson ................................................ 1 W W

Indiana......................................................... 29 32,590 22.48

 Clay ........................................................... 2 W W

 Daviess ...................................................... 2 W W

 Gibson ....................................................... 7 11,405 21.57

 Greene ....................................................... 1 W W

 Knox .......................................................... 7 3,959 27.43

 Pike............................................................ 4 4,813 22.22

 Spencer...................................................... 1 W W

 Sullivan...................................................... 1 W W

 Vigo........................................................... 2 W W

 Warrick...................................................... 2 W W

Kansas.......................................................... 1WW

 Linn ........................................................... 1 W W

Kentucky ..................................................... 353 110,001 28.15

 Bell ............................................................ 13 2,122 29.08

 Breathitt..................................................... 5 1,698 28.65

 Clay ........................................................... 2 W W

 Daviess ...................................................... 1 W W

 Floyd.......................................................... 25 3,145 28.22

 Harlan ........................................................ 46 10,667 27.84

 Henderson.................................................. 2 W W

 Hopkins ..................................................... 7 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 2 W W

 Johnson...................................................... 7 461 30.97

 Knott.......................................................... 33 10,456 30.26

 Knox .......................................................... 10 502 33.25

 Laurel......................................................... 1 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 6 W W

 Lee ............................................................. 1 W W

 Leslie ......................................................... 9 5,207 28.33

 Letcher....................................................... 29 5,680 29.65

 Magoffin.................................................... 1 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
57 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2003 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Martin ........................................................ 19 8,288 28.62

 Mclean....................................................... 1 W W

 Muhlenberg ............................................... 7 W W

 Ohio........................................................... 1 W W

 Owsley....................................................... 2 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 23 12,007 29.11

 Pike............................................................ 91 27,720 30.65

 Union......................................................... 3 W W

 Webster...................................................... 3 W W

 Whitley ...................................................... 3 W W

Louisiana ..................................................... 2WW

 De Soto...................................................... 1 W W

 Red River................................................... 1 W W

Maryland..................................................... 14 5,192 22.66

 Allegany .................................................... 10 W W

 Garrett........................................................ 4 W W

Mississippi ................................................... 1WW

 Choctaw..................................................... 1 W W

Missouri....................................................... 2WW

 Bates .......................................................... 2 W W

Montana ...................................................... 7 36,176 9.42

 Big Horn.................................................... 3 W W

 Musselshell................................................ 1 W W

 Richland..................................................... 1 W W

 Rosebud..................................................... 2 W W

New Mexico................................................. 5 26,452 23.18

 Mckinley.................................................... 2 W W

 San Juan..................................................... 3 W W

North Dakota .............................................. 4 31,119 8.76

 Mclean....................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer ....................................................... 2 W W

 Oliver......................................................... 1 W W

Ohio.............................................................. 49 20,854 22.10

 Athens........................................................ 1 W W

 Belmont ..................................................... 8 W W

 Carroll........................................................ 3 W W

 Columbiana ............................................... 3 W W

 Coshocton.................................................. 1 W W

 Gallia ......................................................... 1 W W

 Harrison..................................................... 7 3,178 23.94

 Jackson ...................................................... 2 W W

 Jefferson .................................................... 8 736 20.12

 Mahoning................................................... 1 W W

 Monroe ...................................................... 1 W W

 Muskingum................................................ 1 W W

 Noble ......................................................... 1 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 1 W W

 Stark........................................................... 3 W W

 Tuscarawas ................................................ 5 W W

 Vinton........................................................ 2 W W

Oklahoma.................................................... 6 1,626 28.32

 Craig .......................................................... 1 W W

 Haskell....................................................... 1 W W

 Le Flore ..................................................... 3 W W

 Rogers........................................................ 1 W W

Pennsylvania ............................................... 165 63,532 26.75

 Armstrong.................................................. 17 4,760 24.62

 Beaver........................................................ 1 W W

 Butler......................................................... 1 W W

 Cambria ..................................................... 7 942 26.14

 Centre ........................................................ 1 W W

 Clarion....................................................... 3 W W

 Clearfield................................................... 23 2,991 28.76

 Columbia ................................................... 3 W W

 Elk ............................................................. 5 505 25.39

 Fayette ....................................................... 7 W W

 Greene ....................................................... 10 38,088 26.13

 Indiana....................................................... 19 2,828 25.52

 Jefferson .................................................... 11 890 26.98

 Lawrence ................................................... 2 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 58

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2003 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Luzerne...................................................... 4 W W

 Lycoming................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer ....................................................... 1 W W

 Northumberland ........................................ 1 W W

 Schuylkill................................................... 21 471 41.77

 Somerset .................................................... 17 4,212 22.29

 Washington................................................ 5 W W

 Westmoreland............................................ 5 235 23.18

Tennessee..................................................... 19 2,525 29.00

 Anderson ................................................... 3 W W

 Campbell ................................................... 6 W W

 Claiborne ................................................... 7 1,473 27.96

 Cumberland ............................................... 1 W W

 Fentress...................................................... 1 W W

 Scott........................................................... 1 W W

Texas............................................................ 13 13,719 14.76

 Atascosa..................................................... 1--

 Freestone ................................................... 1--

 Harrison..................................................... 1 W W

 Hopkins ..................................................... 1--

 Leon........................................................... 1 W W

 Milam ........................................................ 1--

 Panola ........................................................ 2--

 Robertson................................................... 1 W W

 Rusk........................................................... 1--

 Titus........................................................... 2--

 Webb ......................................................... 1 W W

Utah.............................................................. 14 18,815 17.08

 Carbon ....................................................... 7 9,214 18.45

 Emery ........................................................ 6 W W

 Sevier......................................................... 1 W W

Virginia........................................................ 114 23,920 30.30

 Buchanan................................................... 28 9,503 31.54

 Dickenson.................................................. 20 881 29.81

 Lee ............................................................. 3 W W

 Russell ....................................................... 4 W W

 Tazewell .................................................... 6 1,272 34.16

 Wise........................................................... 53 11,198 28.74

Washington ................................................. 1--

 Lewis ......................................................... 1--

West Virginia.............................................. 227 130,051 30.02

 Barbour...................................................... 8 702 17.62

 Boone......................................................... 33 30,182 30.65

 Clay ........................................................... 3 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 7 2,538 34.79

 Grant.......................................................... 3 W W

 Greenbrier.................................................. 2 W W

 Harrison..................................................... 7 W W

 Kanawha.................................................... 15 16,828 30.33

 Lincoln....................................................... 2--

 Logan......................................................... 18 10,691 30.57

 Marion ....................................................... 2 W W

 Marshall..................................................... 1 W W

 Mcdowell................................................... 37 4,190 30.83

 Mineral ...................................................... 2 W W

 Mingo ........................................................ 24 14,422 30.97

 Monongalia................................................ 6 W W

 Nicholas..................................................... 6 W W

 Ohio........................................................... 1 W W

 Preston....................................................... 3 W W

 Raleigh....................................................... 12 W W

 Tucker........................................................ 1 W W

 Upshur....................................................... 7 W W

 Wayne........................................................ 5 W W

 Webster...................................................... 7 W W

 Wyoming................................................... 15 W W

Wyoming ..................................................... 18 359,271 6.74

 Campbell ................................................... 12 322,707 6.52

 Carbon ....................................................... 2 W W

 Converse.................................................... 1 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
59 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2003 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Wyoming (continued) 

 Lincoln....................................................... 1 W W

 Sweetwater ................................................ 2 W W

U.S. Total.................................................... . 1,121 981,378 17.85

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 60

Table 31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2003 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Alabama............................................. 33.75 - - - 33.75

Alaska................................................ - W - - W

Arizona .............................................. W --- W

Colorado ............................................ W W - - 18.21

Illinois................................................ 24.13 - - - 24.13

Indiana............................................... 22.48 - - - 22.48

Kansas ............................................... W --- W

Kentucky Total.................................. 28.15 - - - 28.15

 Eastern............................................. 29.49 - - - 29.49

 Western............................................ 22.05 - - - 22.05

Louisiana ........................................... - - W - W

Maryland ........................................... 22.66 - - - 22.66

Mississippi......................................... - - W - W

Missouri............................................. W --- W

Montana............................................. - W W - 9.42

New Mexico ...................................... W W - - 23.18

North Dakota ..................................... - - 8.76 - 8.76

Ohio................................................... 22.10 - - - 22.10

Oklahoma .......................................... 28.32 - - - 28.32

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 26.29 - - 49.55 26.75

 Anthracite ........................................ - - - 49.55 49.55

 Bituminous ...................................... 26.29 - - - 26.29

Tennessee .......................................... 29.00 - - - 29.00

Texas ................................................. W - W - 14.76

Utah ................................................... 17.08 - - - 17.08

Virginia.............................................. 30.30 - - - 30.30

West Virginia Total........................... 30.02 - - - 30.02

 Northern........................................... 25.74 - - - 25.74

 Southern........................................... 31.19 - - - 31.19

Wyoming........................................... W W - - 6.74

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 26.73 7.73 11.20 49.55 17.85 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
61 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Table 32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2003 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Underground Surface Total 

Over 1,000.................................................... 25.77 11.05 15.42

500 to 1,000.................................................. 29.08 27.60 28.33

200 to 500..................................................... 28.53 27.38 27.95

100 to 200..................................................... 30.67 28.44 29.66

50 to 100....................................................... 29.82 32.23 31.15

10 to 50......................................................... 31.06 27.85 29.05

U.S. Total..................................................... 26.71 13.42 17.85 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 62

Table 33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2003 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market1

 Captive2

Alabama......................................................................................... 33.75 -

Alaska............................................................................................ W -

Arizona .......................................................................................... W -

Colorado ........................................................................................ 18.21 32.11

Illinois............................................................................................ 24.13 20.44

Indiana........................................................................................... 22.48 20.84

Kansas ........................................................................................... W -

Kentucky Total.............................................................................. 28.15 26.95

 Eastern......................................................................................... 29.49 31.65

 Western........................................................................................ 22.05 22.93

Louisiana ....................................................................................... W W

Maryland ....................................................................................... 22.66 -

Mississippi..................................................................................... W -

Missouri......................................................................................... W -

Montana......................................................................................... 9.42 6.27

New Mexico .................................................................................. 23.18 -

North Dakota ................................................................................. 8.76 -

Ohio............................................................................................... 22.10 20.21

Oklahoma ...................................................................................... 28.32 -

Pennsylvania Total ........................................................................ 26.75 22.52

 Anthracite .................................................................................... 49.55 -

 Bituminous .................................................................................. 26.29 22.52

Tennessee ...................................................................................... 29.00 -

Texas ............................................................................................. 14.76 13.39

Utah ............................................................................................... 17.08 18.26

Virginia.......................................................................................... 30.30 31.46

Washington.................................................................................... - W

West Virginia Total....................................................................... 30.02 30.36

 Northern....................................................................................... 25.74 29.02

 Southern....................................................................................... 31.19 32.87

Wyoming....................................................................................... 6.74 12.02

U.S. Total...................................................................................... 17.85 18.70 

1

 Open market includes coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold, by the total open market 

coal sold. An average captive market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the captive market coal sold, by the total captive 

market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge 

operations. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
63 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Average Consumer Prices 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 64

Table 34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2003, 2002 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

2003 2002 Annual Percent Change 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

New England............................... 46.40 W - 48.78 W - -4.9 W -

 Connecticut................................ - W -- W - - - -

 Maine......................................... - W -- W - - W -

 Massachusetts............................ 52.59 W - 56.43 W - -6.8 W -

 New Hampshire......................... 45.07 W - 47.75 W - -5.6 - -

 Rhode Island.............................. - W -- W - - - -

 Vermont..................................... - W -- W - - - -

Middle Atlantic........................... 47.05 W W 41.80 W W 12.6 W W

 New Jersey ................................ 63.47 W - 60.60 W - 4.7 W -

 New York .................................. 38.81 45.90 W 40.10 49.78 W -3.2 -7.8 W

 Pennsylvania.............................. 31.13 36.47 W 30.62 37.60 W 1.7 -3.0 W

East North Central..................... 25.58 38.04 52.94 25.03 38.64 52.80 2.2 -1.6 0.2

 Illinois........................................ 21.74 29.71 W 22.50 30.23 W -3.4 -1.7 W

 Indiana....................................... 24.99 36.95 54.33 24.62 38.54 54.67 1.5 -4.1 -0.6

 Michigan.................................... 27.05 46.30 W 26.66 44.75 W 1.5 3.5 W

 Ohio........................................... 29.02 41.32 W 28.95 40.59 W 0.2 1.8 W

 Wisconsin .................................. 19.96 45.32 - 19.90 46.24 - 0.3 -2.0 -

West North Central.................... 15.05 20.07 - 14.69 W - 2.5 W -

 Iowa........................................... 14.95 29.93 - 14.95 30.87 - - -3.0 -

 Kansas ....................................... 17.52 36.84 - 16.85 36.40 - 4.0 1.2 -

 Minnesota .................................. 19.02 31.93 - 18.68 32.01 - 1.8 -0.3 -

 Missouri..................................... 16.14 33.83 - 15.82 35.89 - 2.0 -5.8 -

 Nebraska.................................... 10.21 22.82 - 10.05 23.52 - 1.6 -3.0 -

 North Dakota............................. 9.67 W - 9.76 W - -0.9 W -

 South Dakota............................. 23.00 W - 22.14 20.23 - 3.9 W -

South Atlantic ............................. 39.32 W W 38.91 W W 1.1 W W

 Delaware.................................... - W -- W - - W -

 District of Columbia.................. - W -- W - - - -

 Florida ....................................... 42.69 47.28 - 42.48 46.27 - 0.5 2.2 -

 Georgia ...................................... 40.22 48.58 - 39.17 51.51 - 2.7 -5.7 -

 Maryland ................................... - 39.16 - - 40.94 - - -4.4 -

 North Carolina........................... 43.58 47.36 - 43.22 50.43 - 0.8 -6.1 -

 South Carolina........................... 40.91 48.95 - 40.25 51.94 - 1.6 -5.7 -

 Virginia...................................... 38.95 45.32 W 40.79 49.71 W -4.5 -8.8 W

 West Virginia ............................ 31.42 38.69 W 30.08 40.13 W 4.5 -3.6 W

East South Central ..................... 29.72 W 48.20 29.04 W 50.03 2.4 W -3.7

 Alabama..................................... 31.52 42.83 W 30.64 42.72 W 2.9 0.2 W

 Kentucky ................................... 28.31 45.52 W 27.25 47.31 W 3.9 -3.8 W

 Mississippi................................. 37.41 W - 38.86 W - -3.7 W -

 Tennessee .................................. 28.15 39.10 - 27.73 40.17 - 1.5 -2.6 -

West South Central .................... 18.95 W - 18.41 W - 2.9 W -

 Arkansas .................................... 20.01 46.20 - 14.52 46.28 - 37.8 -0.2 -

 Louisiana ................................... 21.38 W - 20.27 W - 5.5 W -

 Oklahoma .................................. 16.61 W - 16.27 W - 2.1 W -

 Texas ......................................... 19.38 22.40 - 20.66 22.54 - -6.2 -0.6 -

Mountain ..................................... 21.17 29.90 - 20.50 30.02 - 3.3 -0.4 -

 Arizona ...................................... 25.46 41.88 - 25.52 42.85 - -0.2 -2.2 -

 Colorado .................................... 18.80 W - 18.58 W - 1.2 W -

 Idaho.......................................... - 35.50 - - 35.61 - - -0.3 -

 Montana..................................... 10.55 W - 10.29 W - 2.5 W -

 Nevada....................................... 32.22 W - 30.21 W - 6.7 W -

 New Mexico .............................. 27.85 W - 28.87 W - -3.5 W -

 Utah ........................................... 23.12 26.90 - 21.88 25.84 - 5.7 4.1 -

 Wyoming................................... 13.70 24.66 - 13.76 25.09 - -0.4 -1.7 -

Pacific .......................................... 21.27 W - 23.11 W - -8.0 W -

 Alaska........................................ - W -- W - - W -

 California................................... - 40.60 - - 39.16 - - 3.7 -

 Hawaii ....................................... - W -- W - - W -

 Oregon....................................... 21.27 W - 23.11 W - -8.0 W -

 Washington................................ - W -- W - - W -

U.S. Total..................................... 25.29 34.70 50.63 24.74 35.49 50.67 2.2 -2.2 * 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Includes manufacturing plants only. 

 Source: • Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants, Energy Information 

Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants," and Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly." 
65 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Glossary 

American Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a 

mining company to produce coal from American Indian 

lands in exchange for royalties and other revenues; 

obtained by direct negotiation with Indian tribal 

authorities, but subject to approval and administration by 

the U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for 

residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, 

brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard 

coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a 

low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content 

of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 

percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 

28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed 

in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short 

ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both 

inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 

1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for 

steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a 

heat content of 15 million Btu per short ton or less. 

Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Area (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat terrain to 

recover coal by mining long cuts or pits successively. 

The material excavated from the cut being mined is 

deposited in the cut previously mined. 

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a 

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour surface 

mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to 

excavate. 

Average Number of Employees: The arithmetic mean 

number of employees working each day at a mining 

operation. Includes maintenance, office, as well as 

production-related employees. 

Average Open Market Sales Price: The ratio of the 

total value of the open market sales of coal produced at 

the mine to the total open market sales tonnage. 

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio of 

the total production at a mining operation to the total 

direct labor hours worked at the operation. 

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be 

recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, 

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic area. 

Bed, Coalbed: All the coal and partings lying between a 

roof and floor. 

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, 

sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of 

bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also 

used for heat and power applications in manufacturing 

and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant 

coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content 

usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of 

bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton 

on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content 

of bituminous coal consumed in the United States 

averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed 

by dividing production by productive capacity and 

multiplying by 100. 

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the mine 

operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for example, 

steel companies and electric utilities). 

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of the 

United States established by the Bureau of the Census, 

U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical analysis. 

The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State 

boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is 

subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific 

Noncontiguous areas. 

Central Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing 

Regions. 

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight. 

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black 

rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, 

consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more 

than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It 

is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, 

hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by 

heat and pressure over geologic time. 

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed into 

solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke 

oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air. 

Coal (coke): See Coke (coal). 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 66

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the total 

direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

Coal Preparation/Washing: The treatment of coal to 

reject waste. In its broadest sense, preparation is any 

processing of mined coal to prepare it for market, 

including crushing and screening or sieving the coal to 

reach a uniform size, which normally results in removal 

of some non-coal material. The term coal preparation 

most commonly refers to processing, including crushing 

and screening, passing the material through one or more 

processes to remove impurities, sizing the product, and 

loading for shipment. Many of the processes separate 

rock, clay, and other minerals from coal in a liquid 

medium; hence the term washing is widely used. In some 

cases coal passes through a drying step before loading. 

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification 

of areas where coal is produced. 

Appalachian Region. Consists of Alabama, Eastern 

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 

Virginia, and West Virginia. 

Northern Appalachian Region. Consists of Maryland, 

Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Northern West Virginia. 

Central Appalachian Region. Consists of Eastern 

Kentucky, Virginia, Southern West Virginia, and the 

Tennessee counties of: Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, 

Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, 

Putnam, Roane, and Scott. 

Southern Appalachian Region: Consists of Alabama, and 

the Tennessee counties of: Bledsoe, Coffee, Franklin, 

Grundy, Hamilton, Marion, Rhea, Sequatchie, Van 

Buren, Warren, and White. 

Interior Region (with Gulf Coast). Consists of Arkansas, 

Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, 

Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Western Kentucky. 

Illinois Basin: Consists of Illinois, Indiana, and Western 

Kentucky. 

Western Region. Consists of Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, 

Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, 

Washington, and Wyoming. 

Powder River Basin: Consists of the Montana counties 

of Big Horn, Custer, Powder River, Rosebud, and 

Treasure and the Wyoming counties of Campbell, 

Converse, Crook, Johnson, Natrona, Niobrara, Sheridan, 

and Weston. 

Uinta Basin: Consists of the Colorado counties of Delta, 

Garfield, Gunnison, Mesa, Moffat, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, 

Routt and the Utah counties of Carbon, Duchesne, 

Emery, Grand, Sanpete, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, and 

Wasatch. 

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined and/or 

purchased coal originates are defined as follows: 

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, 

Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, 

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, 

New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, 

Pennsylvania anthracite, Pennsylvania bituminous, 

Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West 

Virginia Northern, West Virginia Southern, and 

Wyoming. The following Coal-Producing States are split 

in origin of coal, as defined by: 

Kentucky, Eastern. All mines in the following counties 

in Eastern Kentucky: Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, 

Clinton, Elliot, Estill, Floyd, Greenup, Harlan, Jackson, 

Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, 

Letcher, Lewis, Magoffin, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, 

Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, 

Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Whitley, and Wolfe. 

 

Kentucky, Western. All mines in the following counties 

in Western Kentucky: Breckinridge, Butler, Caldwell, 

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, 

Hancock, Hart, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, 

Muhlenberg, Ohio, Todd, Union, Warren, and Webster. 

Pennsylvania Anthracite. All mines in the following 

counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, 

Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, 

Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in 

Bradford County. 

Pennsylvania Bituminous. All mines located in the 

following counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, 

Bedford, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Elk, 

Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, 

Lycoming, Somerset, Venango, Washington, and 

Westmoreland, and all bituminous mines in Bradford 

County. 

West Virginia, Northern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 1, 

3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, 

Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, 

Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, 

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, 

Tyler, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood. 

West Virginia, Southern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 7 

& 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, 

Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, 
67 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Mingo, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, 

Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming. 

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their 

degree of progressive alteration from lignite to 

anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of 

coal include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous 

coal, and anthracite and are based on fixed carbon, 

volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or 

caking) properties. 

Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for 

future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are 

collected for a particular reporting period (month, 

quarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as 

of the last day of this period. 

 Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal 

seam. 

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces 

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy 

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, 

heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status as a 

qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility 

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must 

produce electric energy and "another form of useful 

thermal energy through the sequential use of energy," 

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency 

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal 

Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.) 

Coke (coal): A solid carbonaceous residue derived from 

low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the 

volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven 

at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so 

that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. 

Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in 

smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is 

grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 

million Btu per short ton. 

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot or 

beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke. 

Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke. 

See Coke (coal). 

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar mining 

in which a continuous mining machine extracts and 

removes coal from the working face in one operation; no 

blasting is required. 

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations that 

involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily when 

blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then 

loading the broken coal. 

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in which 

the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that 

includes the F.O.B. value of the product at the point of 

origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. This 

type of transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase in 

that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the 

loading port (as certified by the Bill of Loading and 

Quality Report) rather than pay on the basis of the 

quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It 

is similar to the terms of an F.O.B. sale, except that the 

seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges 

for transportation and insurance. 

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for the 

sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource 

categories of reliability which represents 100 percent of 

the coal in these categories in place as of a certain date. 

Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 

inches or more thick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 

inches or more thick that occur at depths to 1 thousand 

feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 inches or more thick that 

can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper 

beds that presently are being mined or for which there is 

evidence that they could be mined commercially at this 

time. Represents that portion of identified coal resources 

from which reserves are calculated. 

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by all 

mining employees at a mining operation during the year. 

Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in 

production, preparation, development, maintenance, 

repair, shop or yard work, management, office workers, 

and technical or engineering work. 

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from 

rivers or streams. 

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal 

or nearly horizontal entry driven along to a coalbed 

exposed in a hillside. 

Electric Power Sector: The electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers) 

comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power 

(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 

Estimated Recoverable Reserves: See recoverable 

reserves. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 68

F.O.B. Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of 

coal at the point of first sale. It excludes freight or 

shipping and insurance costs. 

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by manual 

labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance to the 

surface. 

Illinois Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Indicated Resources: Coal for which estimates of the 

rank, quality, and quantity have been computed partly 

from sample analyses and measurements and partly from 

reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are 

computed partly from specified measurements and partly 

from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance 

on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of 

observation are 0.5 to 1.5 miles apart. Indicated coal is 

projected to extend as a 0.5-mile-wide belt that lies more 

than 0.25 miles from the outcrop or points of observation 

or measurement. 

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector is comprised of 

manufacturing industries which make up the largest part 

of the sector, along with mining, construction, 

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the 

sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to 

companies assembling electronic components. 

Interior Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as 

brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a 

high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 

percent The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 

million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. 

The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States 

averages 13 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Longwall Mining: An automated form of underground 

coal mining characterized by high recovery and 

extraction rates, feasible only in relatively flat-lying, 

thick, and uniform coalbeds. A high-powered cutting 

machine is passed across the exposed face of coal, 

shearing away broken coal, which is continuously hauled 

away by a floor-level conveyor system. Longwall mining 

extracts all machine-minable coal between the floor and 

ceiling within a contiguous block of coal, known as a 

panel, leaving no support pillars within the panel area. 

Panel dimensions vary over time and with mining 

conditions but currently average about 900 feet wide 

(coal face width) and more than 8,000 feet long (the 

minable extent of the panel, measured in direction of 

mining). Longwall mining is done under movable roof 

supports that are advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in 

the mined-out area is allowed to fall as the mining 

advances. 

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial 

users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged 

in the mechanical or chemical transformation of 

materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or 

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for 

gasification/liquifaction and coal used for coal synfuels. 

Minable: Capable of being mined under current mining 

technology and environmental and legal restrictions, 

rules, and regulations. 

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground Mine. 

Northern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines 

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a 

particular geographic area (State or region). 

Number of Mining Operations: The number of mining 

operations includes preparation plants. Mining 

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, 

or a preparation plant only, will be counted as two 

operations if the preparation plant processes both 

underground and surface coal. 

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., 

coal sold to companies other than the reporting 

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of 

the parent company. 

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled 

through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate 

joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small 

group of businesses as a separate and specific business or 

project for the mutual benefit of the members of the 

group. 

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not including 

coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or chemical 

transformation of materials or substances into new 

products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in the 

agriculture, mining, or construction industries. 

Parent Company: A company which solely or jointly 

owns the reporting company and which is not itself a 

subsidiary of, or owned by, another company. 

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to 

productive capacity, times 100. 

Powder River Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 
69 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 

Preparation Plant: A facility at which coal is crushed, 

screened, and mechanically cleaned. 

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal 

that a mining operation can produce or process during a 

period with the existing mining equipment and/or 

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and 

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment are 

available, and that the market exists for the maximum 

production. 

Recoverability: In reference to accessible coal 

resources, the condition of being physically, 

technologically, and economically minable. Recovery 

rates and recovery factors may be determined or 

estimated for coal resources without certain knowledge 

of their economic minability; therefore, the availability 

of recovery rates or factors does not predict 

recoverability. 

Recoverable Coal: Coal that is, or can be, extracted 

from a coal bed during mining. 

Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines: The 

amount of in situ coal that can be recovered by mining 

existing reserves at mines reporting on Form EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves, Estimated Recoverable 

Reserves: Reserve estimates (broad meaning) based on a 

demonstrated reserve base adjusted for assumed 

accessibility factors and recovery factors. The term is 

used by EIA to distinguish estimated recoverable 

reserves, which are derived without specific economic 

feasibility criteria by factoring (downward) from a 

demonstrated reserve base for one or more study areas or 

regions, from recoverable reserves at active mines, which 

are aggregated (upward) from reserve estimates reported 

by currently active, economically viable mines on Form 

EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the 

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the 

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base. 

Recovery Factor: The percentage of total tons of coal 

estimated to be recoverable from a given area in relation 

to the total tonnage estimated to be in the demonstrated 

reserve base. For the purpose of calculating depletion 

factors only, the estimated recovery factors for the 

demonstrated reserve base generally are 50 percent for 

underground mining methods and 80 percent for surface 

mining methods. More precise recovery factors can be 

computed by determining the total coal in place and the 

total coal recoverable in any specific locale. 

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that can 

be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines. 

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated 

by the coal cleaning process. 

Refuse Recovery: A surface mine where coal is 

recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be 

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, or dredge operation. 

Remaining (Resources/Reserves): The amount of coal 

in the ground after some mining, excluding coal in the 

ground spoiled or left in place for which later recovery is 

not feasible. 

Reserve(s): Root meaning: The amount of in-situ coal in 

a defined area that can be recovered by mining at a 

sustainable profit at the time of determination. Broad 

meaning: That portion of the demonstrated reserve base 

that is estimated to be recoverable at the time of 

determination. The reserve is derived by applying a 

recovery factor to that component of the identified 

resources of coal designated as the demonstrated reserve 

base. 

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units; 

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale 

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and 

educational institutions (schools and universities); and 

Federal, State, and local governments (military 

installations, prisons, office buildings). 

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated share 

of production from mineral deposits, by the lessee to the 

lessor. Royalties may be an established minimum, a 

sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale royalty rate 

increases by steps as the average production on the lease 

increases. A sliding-scale royalty rate is based on 

average production and applies to all production from the 

lease. 

Run-of-mine: The raw coal recovered from a mine, prior 

to any treatment. 

Salable Coal: The shippable product of a coal mine or 

preparation plant. Depending on customer specifications, 

salable coal may be run-of-mine, crushed-and-screened 

(sized) coal, or the clean coal yield from a preparation 

plant. 

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal and/or 

Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is approximately 

equivalent to production, which includes coal sold, and 

coal added to stockpiles. 

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by a tractor 

unit equipped with a hydraulically operated bucket 

attached to the front; also called a front-end loader. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003 70

Seam: A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor. 

Equivalent term to bed, commonly used by industry. 

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the 

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the 

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of 

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to 

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation. 

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. 

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining that 

involves the use of a continuous mining machine and 

movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 

feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although 

similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally 

more flexible because of the smaller working area. 

Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because 

the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle cars as 

opposed to conveyors. 

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Synonymous with culm. 

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A 

mining operation producing coal from these sources of 

coal. (See refuse recovery.) 

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the entry is 

driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit. 

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a 

preparation plant. 

Southern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or 

utility at the end of the reporting period. 

Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range 

from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and 

used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power 

generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and 

crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet 

black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. 

Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent 

moisture by weight. The heat content of 

subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per 

ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat 

content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United 

States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the asreceived basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture 

and mineral matter). 

Surface Mine: A coal mine that is usually within a few 

hundred feet of the surface. Earth and rock above or 

around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the 

coalbed, which is then mined with surface excavation 

equipment such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, 

loaders, and augers. Surface mines include: area, 

contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine. 

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for 

transportation by rail or truck. 

Uinta Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced by 

tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then 

mined with underground mining equipment such as 

cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and 

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are 

classified according to the type of opening used to reach 

the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined tunnel), 

or shaft (vertical tunnel). 

Underground Mining: The extraction of coal or its 

products from between enclosing rock strata by 

underground mining methods, such as room and pillar, 

longwall, and shortwall, or through in-situ gasification. 

Western Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

 
71 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2003