Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No .
www.navy .mil/ni3vpatib/cno/n7 6

In 1-11

14. Weapons of Mass Evolution

Fast-paced technology brings fast-paced weapons . 16. Missiles answer Sea Strike,

Sea Shield questions

Tomahawk, Harpoon, Standard Missile, ERAM, RoLLing Airframe

Missile, SEARAM, NATO Sea Sparrow; a look at our present and

future missile systems .

22. Lightweight torpedoes carry heavy punch

Mk 45 Mod-5, Mk 50 and Mk 54 LWT torpedoes provide defense

against submarines .

38 . What do you think is the best defense for a Navy ship facing a small boat threat?

40. Drug Busters

USS John L . Haff (FFG 32) and USS Crommell*n (FFG 37) help

stop 1 .7 tons of cocaine from reaching American streets .

42. Rescues at sea

USS 8oone (FFG 28) and USS Crommelin (FFG 37) team up to

help hundreds of stranded mariners .

ON THE COVER:

U Robert Mosby and U Kosey Detmer man the firing officer console aboard USS George Washington (CVN 73) . The

console's mission is to visually display any and all incoming or outgoing missiles. (PHAN Andrew Morrow/USN)

10. Tomahawks fly for Iraqi Freedom

12. 'Quiet Vigil' protects USS Tarawa

OL

DALTON

PEN

Award

Winner

24. Naval Surface Fire Support dedicated

to the mission

Today's guns and weapon systems surpass the gun-Laden

'Battle Wagons' of World War II .

30 . Small arms provide small boat

threat protection

Mk 44 GAU-17 7 .62mm mini-guns, ?4k 19 40mm automatic grenade

launchers, and Mk 38 25mm minor caliber guns add more teeth to

Task Force Hip Pocket .

34. Fooling missiles

The art and science of anti-missile countermeasures .

44. USS Wasp Sailors have better vision

NMC Portsmouth helps USS Wasp (LHD 1) Sailors see clearly through

laser vision corrective surgery.

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
46. SWOS embraces 'Revolution in Training'

Surface Warfare Officer School retools Division Officer Course .

50. Forging ahead, Navy machinery repairmen

MR's aboard USS Emory S. Land (AS 39) do the previously impossible .

56. Seeing double

Twins aboard USS Wasp (LHD 1) Leaves the crew seeing double .

56. Twin SWOs reunite

A chance meeting brings two identical twin Navy commanders together

aboard USS Constellation (CV 64)

57 . USS Shiloh surface warriors earn Silver Cutlass pennant

RADM Harry Ulrich, USH

Director, Surface Warfare Division

Military Editor

LT Duane Neal, USN

Managing Editor

JOI Andrew Karalis, USH

Photo Editor

J03 James Like, USN

Administration and Distribution

fIl(AW) Mark Ilriaovslci, USN

Editorial :

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Postmaster : Send address changes to Surface Warfare, 1333 Isaac Hull Ave, SE, Bldg . 197, Moil Stop 7102, Washington Navy Yard, D .C. 20376-7102 .

Vol. 28, No . tl

52. Focused-mission ship helps chart course

for future Navy

53. Navy creates new defense against terrorism

Newest Line of defense from new group and squadron .

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golher on the ship's bow, eager

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during homecoming celebrations.

(PHC Thomas Coffeft/USN1

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5erfeae Warfare (LISP5104-170)(ISSN 0145-1073) is published quarterly by the Department of the Navy, Director, Surface Warfare f OPNAV N761M1, 1333 Isaac Hull Ave ., SE, Bldg . 197, Mail Stop 7102, Washington levy Yard,

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Deportment of Defense . Contents of 5arface Warfare are not necessarily the official views al, or endorsed by, the U .S . Government, the Department of Defense or the United Stares Navy .

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 N
These are

exciting

times for the

Surface Navy.

The ability of

surface warriors

to provide access for

joint forces and project

power over land was a critical contribution to the rapid

defeat of the Iraqi regime . And yet, we must

not rest on our laurels . As you read this

issue, those who wish us ill are plotting new

ways to challenge us, especially where they

perceive seams in our capabilities . Therefore,

we must assess where we can do better . We

must become even more flexible and responsive, all the while sustaining our ability to

provide access and project power around the

world . Now we've got some work to do to

maintain this distinct advantage . . . and we

know how to do it right . We will do so by

staying ahead of potential adversaries . A

tight-knit team of civilian and military professionals in Washington, San Diego,

Norfolk, and elsewhere is working day in

and day out to deliver the right capabilities

to the fleet, and to do so quickly, efficiently,

and persistently.

The last issue of Surface Warfare magazine

focused on training . Highly trained Sailors

are essential to continued operational success. Superior capabilities, the tools with

which we do our jobs, are also essential .

This issue focuses on the tools our surface

Navy brings to the joint campaign now and

some new tools you will soon see in the

fleet . This issue also describes some of your

many accomplishments during Operation

Iraqi Fre'edorn . As you read the articles, be

proud of your accomplishments and renew

your commitment to making the surface

Navy even more powerful, responsive,

and agile .

Along with a host of challenges, new

opportunities and new capabilities are on the

horizon for the surface Navy . Know that the

surface Navy leadership is committed to

providing you the most effective tools to

take forward on deployment . And as you

learn more about what is on the horizon for

the 21st century surface Navy, pipe up with

your input on how best to design and

employ these tools . The future of surface

warfare is ours to build . Let's get on with it!

RADM Harry Ulrich

Director, Surface Warfare

u mm ei 2OO3 ,,
In Surface Warfare magazine's 2002

May/June Issue, we provided an

almanac of the Navy's active surface

ships in the fleet, including descriptions of each and various perspectives commenting on their best

attributes . This year's almanac

devotes coverage to combat systems

of the surface Navy. In observance of

the successes witnessed in Operation

Iraqi Freedom (OIF), we decided to

focus on the offensive and defensive

capabilities of the surface fleet . We

also included a special section recapping the surface Navy's successes in

OIF since the information available

was relatively scarce during the

Summer 2003

By LT Duane Neal

Military Editor

_.. ms	~IUIII1I1hIG UI

iiuiiuue weupuiiii

onset of the war and during the

composition of the Spring Issue .

We could not have done this subject justice without the help of the

office of the deputy for Surface

Warfare for Combat

Systems/ Weapons (N76F) . A special

thank you goes to RDML Mike Moe,

retired CAPT John Antonelli, and all

of the branch heads of the various

programs that provided information

for the combat systems articles .

Their assistance allowed us to reveal

some of the latest developments in

surface Navy weaponry and

electronic warfare .

Combat systems is an enormous

subject and very complex . One of

the most educational tours I had

occurred as fire control officer on

USS Vella Gulf (CG 72) . An entire

issue could be devoted to the command and decision systems of the

Aegis weapons system alone . To

ensure this issue is beneficial to the

widest variety of ships and ratings

in the surface fleet, we present shipboard weapons currently in use and

those under development . I eagerly

hope those studying for their SWO

and ESWS boards, students learning about the Navy in which they

are about to serve, and those with

www.navy.mil /navpalib / cno/ n76

A I~wwww - g

just a keen interest in weapons of

the surface Navy, will enjoy this

issue . As always, we are looking for

ways to improve, so keep those

suggestions coming!

In our continuous effort to bring

you the most significant articles from

the surface Navy, our Fall Issue will

focus on our newest class of ship -

the LPD-17. The 'Gator Navy' has

always been one of the most versatile organizations on the waterfront,

and the now LPD-17 has expanded

its capabilities even more .

Lastly, please note, Surface Warfare

magazine has moved from the

Washington Navy Yard to Crystal

City in Arlington, Va . Please send all

correspondence to our new address :

Surface Warfare Magazine

OPNAV N761M

2000 Navy Pentagon

Washington DC 20350-2000

Our new phone number is

703-604-1911, fax 703-604-1917, and

our new e-mail address is

surfwarmag«navymil . We always

look forward to your comments, suggestions, and submissions - thanks

again for making Surface Warfare

magazine the publication that best

represents the surface Navy!

3

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Outside the box WOW!!! I can't say how much

I like the cover. We finally got outside of the box and let some art hit

the cover. I enjoyed the analogy that

we create Sailors like someone

shapes clay. Great idea!

-ITCS(SW/AW) Jim Raykowski

USS Constellation (CV-64)

4

culpteng

Sea Warrior

Cover invokes pride

must tell you that I stopped dead

in my hurried tracks after glancing at

the Surface Warfare cover with J02

Kelly Haseley's haunting mud-covered upper torso looking back at me .

What a picture!

M

I am with SUPSHIP's (Supervisor

Shipbuilding) Auxiliary and Small

Craft Department (Pascagoula, Miss .)

and was turning in time sheets and

picking up mail the day the magazine arrived . I had to take time out to

show this magazine cover to everyone coming up or down the main

hallway. Pretty soon I had a small

crowd passing it around .

My first impression was simply

"pride" - you see, I thought the

person in the photo looking at me

would do anything for their country

even if it meant covering up with

mud to camouflage themselves from

the enemy. To me - well, this picture

spoke more words than the flag . This

mud bath made it personal . Thanks!

-Carolyn Fikes

Supervisor of Shipbuilding,

Conversion & Repair

Northrop-Grumman Shipbuilding

Pascagouha, Miss .

A few questions

Well, you asked for comments,

and here they are in the form of

questions : Just what was the purpose

of this "performance art" that

required a professional Navy Sailor

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

to submit to this? Was she (or any of

the others in the background) a volunteer? Who thinks this is a good

idea? Who sponsors this? How much

did it cost? Why did you decide to

make this the cover? We have other

photos of Sailors hard at work in the

war I am sure . I am puzled . Your

responses are appreciated .

-LCDR Rich Dodson, USN

Commanding Officer, USS Oriole

(MHC 55)

Thanks to all for the invaluable

feedback regarding our Winter 2003

"Career Development" issue .

Nothing pleases us more than knowing we've connected with the audience that is most important to us

surface warriors.

Aside from the analogy of Sea

Warrior initiatives sculpting surface

Sailors into highly adept fighters

much as an artist shapes masterpieces, our Winter Issue cover is a testament to the creativity of surface

warriors. It's the same creativity that

gives our Sailors the edge needed to

outwit aggressors, boost morale and

challenge conventional thought . The

feature is consistent with past articles

such as "Staring Down Death" which

demonstrated HTI(SW) Chris Regal's

unique classroom presentation of his

experiences on USS Cole (Winter 03),

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
or a crew like that in USS Higgins

(DDG 76) which had the initiative

and enthusiasm to dress in postWorld War II era Navy uniforms as a

way of commemorating 100 years of

destroyer pride (Fall 02) . We love to

showcase the incredible imagination

of Sailors that can only be found in a

community as diverse as ours.

Best of all, the photo definitely

compelled many to investigate the

magazine whose content best highlights the accomplishments of our

surface fleet!

We obtained this cover photo

directly from the photographer,

PHI (SW) Aaron Anserov, who is now

stationed with Fleet Imaging

Command in San Diego . He took the

photo two years ago while he was

the All Hands magazine representative at Naval Media Center, Fleet

Support Detachment San Diego .

The cost to the Navy was minimal

- the equipment used was already

available and every Sailor in the

photograph volunteered from the San

Diego detachment.

Surface Warfare Magazine is

always looking for more submissions

like the Winter Issue cover . We

receive many submissions for each

issue and carefully select about 15

percent of those for publication . The

articles and photos are edited and

then sent to the Director, Surface

Warfare (OPNAV N76 in the

Pentagon) for approval . Once

approved, they're sent to our graphic

design firm where the layout of the

magazine is completed . Once the layout is approved, it goes to St . Louis

where the magazines are printed and

mailed to ships, shore stations, government agencies, subscribers,

Capitol Hill, and numerous overseas

locations .

Keep those comments coming

about any aspect of our magazine!

Thanks to all of you, the magazine Summer 2003

C2 1KGL

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has won numerous awards, received praises, and continues to be one of the

Government Printing Office's most subscribed magazines with one of the most

visited websites (in excess of 400,000 hits from January to April) of any

community! -Ed .

From 'The Father of Aegis'

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We're honored to receive such praise from the "Father of the Aegis Navy ."

The best magazine for surface warriors is one that's produced by surface

warriors. Special thanks to CDR Bill Ault and YN2(SW) Anthony Tanare of

USS Higgins (DDG 76) for their submission! The photo is definitely a testament to the high morale, camaraderie and respect for naval history aboard

Higgins. --Ed.

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

5

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
SURFACE WARRIORS

.S . and coalition naval forces,

of which U .S . Navy surface

warships make up a large portion, have played key roles in toppling Saddam Hussein's regime,

VADM Timothy Keating, the commander of coalition naval forces, told

Pentagon reporters during a satellite

news teleconference from Bahrain

April 12 .

"Sailors and ships from coalition

countries around the world are part

6

A BM2 Danny Register of Randleman, N .C., relays anchor chain reports as USS Donald Cook (DDG 75) anchors in the Great Bitter Lake during its Suez (anal

transit . Donald Cook, and many war ships supported Operation Iraqi freedom, the multinational coalition effort to liberate the Iraqi people, eliminate Iraq's

weapons of mass destruction, and end the regime of Saddam Hussein . (JO((SW) Alan Uaribeau/USN)

of the successful operation in the liberation of Iraq," Keating stated .

He said 60,000 maritime service

men and women supported

Operation Iraqi Freedom while

deployed aboard five carrier battle

groups, including more than 140

surface ships .

Keating said U .S, and United

Kingdom ships and submarines fired

more than 800 Tomahawk missiles

toward Saddam-regime targets . He

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

said coalition naval personnel also

conducted a significant, comprehensive minesweeping effort to clear

waterways to the Iraqi port of Umm

Qasr for the delivery of much-needed

humanitarian aid to the oppressed

people of Iraq .

In addition, Keating pointed out,

coalition ships are providing coastal

security patrols, escorting shipments of

humanitarian aid, and conducting navigational surveys of critical waterways

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
AT WAS leading into Iraqi seaports . Sealift ships

also brought in military equipment to

support ground and air missions .

Other Navy ships used their advanced

radar systems to augment the shorebased Patriot missile batteries, providing advanced warning of incoming

Iraqi missiles .

Keating emphasized the men and

women of the U .S . Navy and coalition maritime forces have performed

"remarkable work" in Iraqi Freedom . The Chief of Naval Operations

(CNO) ADM Vern Clark agreed .

"Fifty-four percent of our Navy is

forward-deployed on the point," the

CNO told lawmakers April 2 while

testifying before the Senate

Appropriations Subcommittee on

Defense . "Most of those numbers are

engaged in Operation Iraqi Freedom,

striking the enemy, conducting military

operations in support of land forces,

clearing the sea lanes, bringing supplies, and protecting our joint coalition

forces, on land and at sea . They're on

the tip of the spear, and they're carrying out the President's orders ."

Sen. Pete Domenici, R-N.M., told

Clark he believes the men and

women of the U .S . Armed Forces are

the story of Iraqi Freedom .

"I'm convinced that the story of

this war is going to be told for a long

time, and it's going to be what kind of

men and women are these

Americans," said Domenici. "It's

absolutely fantastic for Americans and

the world to see the behavior of these

young men and women. They're warriors, but they're gentle . They're warriors, but they're. considerate . They're

articulate . And the training they get

Summer 2003

By JOC Bill Johnson-Miles

Former Managing Editor

and what kind of esprit de corps and

skills they have is beyond what I

could have expected for any group of

Americans or any group of humans .

So we're doing something very right."

The CNO said the Navy also conducted operations very right and

very fast .

"When I think about speed, I think

about five battle groups ready to go,

with another one in the Pacific,"

Clark said during his April 17

address at the Navy League Sea-AirSpace Exposition in Washington, D .C .

"U.S . forces deployed in half the time

it took for Desert Shield ."

The CNO added the Navy displayed speed in its ability to respond

to time-sensitive targets .

Y A Sailor aboard USS La Salle (AGI 3) fires a MK 38 25mm heavy machine gun at a smoke float during a

live-fire drill . La Salle was underway in the Mediterranean in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

(PH2(SW) Todd Reeves/IJSN)

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

"When I think about time-sensitive strike, I think about the joint

decapitation strike," said Clark . "I

remember when the Tomahawk was a

system where planning a target

would take days to weeks . But on

this occasion, from the time we got

the target, which came back via satellite to the United States for planning

and got back to the ships via satellite,

into the system, and a missile went

out of the tube, it took just over a

couple of hours . That's what speed

is about.

"We invested in readiness, and

that investment paid off. It paid off in

giving the President options," noted

the CNO. "I've been talking about

this subject of readiness for two years

7

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
8

A FC3 Micah Martin of Canandaigua, N .Y., mans one of the Browning M2 HO .50-caliber machine guns

on board USS Donald Cook (DDG 75) used to defend against small craft . (JOC(SW) Alan Baribeau/USN)

and nine months, and I want to tell

you, I could not be more proud of our

men and women and the way they

have executed in the battle space ."

Some of those men and women

are now returning home from that

battle space. On April 11, the

amphibious dock landing ship USS

Portland (LSD 37) arrived at their

home port of Little Creek, Va ., after

completing a three-month surge

deployment in support of Iraqi

Freedom . Portland is the first ship to

return from the war.

Within a month after completing a

four-month UNITAS deployment,

Portland joined Amphibious Task

Force East, composed of seven ships .

The task force, the largest amphibious surge force assembled in more

than a decade, carried approximately

5,000 Sailors, 7,000 Marines, and tons

of heavy equipment and aircraft .

"We're really happy to have done

this, and we're hoping our Marines

are safe," said CDR Larry Creevy,

Portland's Commanding Officer.

"Since we got them there on time,

we're hoping that we had something

to do with helping bring this thing

closer to inevitable victory ."

The other initial surface warships

to return home following the war

included the Ticonderoga-class cruisers USS Shiloh (CG 67) and USS

Mobile Bay (CG 53), which returned

to their home port April 25 . Both

ships departed on a routine sixmonth deployment July 24 as part of

USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72)

Carrier Strike Group and ended up

spending more than nine months

away from home . One at-sea period

for Shiloh lasted 82 days.

With most ships returning to their

homeport and major combat operawww.navy.mil / navpalib / cno / n76

tions in Iraq winding down, Keating

visited USS Tarawa (LHA 1) and

other ships in the region . During an

all hands call April 14, he thanked

every unit embarked on Tarawa for

their contributions to Iraqi Freedom.

and told the packed crowd of Sailors

and Marines that their hard work

and effort has made a difference to

an oppressed nation .

"I think he was very encouraging," said Tarawa's PN2 Theresa

Bender. "He made me realize that

we're playing a part in a larger picture, and that this is an important job

we're all doing out here ."

"It says a lot for what we're doing

out here when higher ranking officials like him come aboard to thank

us," said L13 Richard Perez . "It

makes me realize how our work is

contributing to the world as

a whole."

Before finishing the all hands call,

Keating reminded his hosts that they

have another duty when they eventually return home.

"When you all get home, you will

know in your heart of hearts that you

made a difference, each one of you,"

he said . "And that ought to matter to

you, because for the rest of your

lives, you will know that you were

part of the magnificent effort to liberate an entire nation and to bring freedom to these folks . And it's okay to

walk around with a lot of pride in

your step .",

(Gernj Gilmore of American Forces

Press Service, JOC Walter Hare of Chief

of Naval Operations public affairs', ENS

Dave 1lauaschhach of USS Shiloh public

affairs, JOC William Poison of LISS

Tarawa public affairs, LISS Mobile

Bay public affairs, and Naval Surface

Force, U .S . Atlantic Fleet public affairs

contributed to this article .)

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Summer 2003

H

.S . and coalition Sailors and

Marines from USS Ponce

(LPD 15) (headquarters for

mine-clearing operations), five U .S .

Navy ships, British ships, a Navy

helicopter squadron and Commander

Task Unit (CTU) 55 .4 .3 worked long

hours for many weeks during

Operation Iraqi Freedom to clear

underwater mines from the Khawr

Abd Allah river and the port of

Umm Qasr, Iraq .

CTU-55.4 .3, which consists of a

U.S . Naval special clearance team,

two explosive ordnance disposal

(EOD) units, a United Kingdom unit

and an Australian team, conducted

both deep and shallow water mine

countermeasure operations to clear

shipping lanes around Unun Qasr.

The coastal mine hunters USS

Cardinal (MHC 60) and USS Raven

(MHC 61); mine counter measure

ships USS Dextrous (MCM 13) and

USS Ardent (MCM 12); amphibious

dock-landing ship USS Gunston

Hall (LSD 44) and British

minesweepers also assisted with

mine-clearing efforts .

The multifaceted team used a variety of methods, including MH-53E

helicopters towing magnetic

minesweeping sleds, trained marine

mammals, unmanned underwater

vehicles and EOD divers . During one

36-hour period, these assets found

and neutralized six mines .

The mine-clearing team originally

cleared a 200-yard channel to allow

humanitarian aid to get through to

Umm Qasr. They then widened this

channel "400 to 1,000 yards where

allowable," said CAPT Anthony

O'Moore, Ponce Commanding Officer.

Not only did coalition forces find

mines in the water, but they also discovered mines aboard Iraqi vessels .

U.S . led coalition forces successfully

intercepted and boarded four of

these vessels in the Khawr Abd Allah

Y A Visit, Board, Search and Seizure (VBSS) team member inspects camouflaged mines hidden inside oil

barrels on the deck of an Iraqi shipping barge . The shipping barge was intercepted and inspected by

Coalition Maritime Interdiction Operation and VBSS teams with support from patrol coastal ship USS

Firebolt (PC 10) in the early hours of Operation Iraqi Freedom . (PH2 Richard Mooro/USN)

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

By PH2 Robert Houlihan

Navy News Service

waterway. They contained nearly 100

mines concealed in hollowed out 50-

gallon barrels .

Clearing the channel enabled the

British Royal Fleet auxiliary logistic

landing ship Sir Galahad (L 3005) to

arrive safely in Umm Qasr laden

with tons of humanitarian aid,

paving the way for the steady stream

of more aid to come.

"Sir Galahad's arrival was the culmination of the hard work of all the

people doing their jobs," O'Moore

said . "It is nice to see that our efforts

can bring badly needed humanitarian aid to the Iraqi people ."

Sir Galahad's cargo included

more than 200 tons of water and

foodstuffs, and this is only the beginning. The U .S . alone has pledged

more than 610,000 tons of food,

water and medical supplies . Many

other countries have followed suit,

including Australia, which provided

50,000 tons of wheat and the United

Arab Emirates, which has promised

to provide 70 metric tons of other

humanitarian aid .

Thanks to this aid and the mine

clearing operations that expedited

delivery, the people of Iraq will

"have more access to food and more

access to water than they have had in

decades," said Army Gen . Tommy

Franks, the combined forces

commander.

(Gcrry Gilmore, Jim Garalnone and

Kathleen Rhein o f American Forces Press

Service, and J01 Joseph Krypel of Camp

Patriot public affairs, contributed to

this article .)

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4

9
10

crnc .hc!w s

U

SS Cowpens (CG 63), operating in the Red Sea, fired

l1 Tomahawk land attack

cruise missiles (TLAM) just before

dawn March 20 in the Arabian Gulf,

as part of the first strikes of

Operation Iraqi Freedom . Cowpens

joined USS Donald Cook (DDG 75),

USS Milius (DDG 69), USS Bunker

Hill (CG 52) and two Navy submarines in launching TLAMs that

first day of the war.

"On short notice, the guided-missile cruiser's strike team was directed

to alert status and was on station

when the mission orders were

received," said CAPT Charles Dixon,

Cowpens Commanding Officer. "The

crew executed the orders within minutes of receipt, firing missiles from

both the forward and aft launchers ."

Much of the rest of the crew was

uninformed prior to the launch, and

some awoke to the sounds of missiles being fired .

These missiles were only a few of

the 400 Tomahawks launched from

U.S . Navy and British ships and submarines during the first three days of

action, according to Army Maj . Gen.

Stanley McChrystal, vice director for

joint Staff operations, who briefed

reporters at the Pentagon March 22.

Besides the ships already mentioned, Navy surface warships

launching TLAMs the first three days

Y The guided missile destroyer USS Donald Cook (DDG 75) launches Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles (TLAMs) into Iraq . Donald Cook was one of the

first ships to fire TLAMs in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. (IOC Alan Baribeau/USN)

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

LJ r

included USS Briscoe (DD 977), USS

Deyo (DD 989), USS Fletcher (DD

992), USS Arleigh Burke (DDG 51),

USS John S. McCain (DDG 56), USS

Paul Hamilton (DDG 60), USS

Higgins (DDG 76), USS O'Kane

(DDG 77), USS Porter (DDG 78), USS

Oscar Austin (DDG 79), USS Mobile

Bay (CG 53), USS Shiloh (CG 67) and

USS San Jacinto (CG 56) .

San Jacinto launched their missiles from the Mediterranean Sea.

The TLAM crew aboard the guidedmissile cruiser has an important role .

Manning the launch console in the

dim lights of the Combat

Information Center (CIC), the

Tomahawk launch controllers await

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Iraqi F

orders to begin "spinning up" missiles - when the team assigns missions to missiles and programs their

initial route upon launch . Once the

20-foot-long_ missile clears the ship

and attains cruise altitude, the 1,000-

pound warhead is destined to hit its

intended target . Some Sailors believe

their role is no more important than

any other in the war.

"I'm doing no more than anyone

else," said GM2 Justin Burt, one of

San Jacinto's vertical launching system technicians . "Even if we're playing a bigger role in this conflict, we're

no more important ."

Used in almost every conflict since

Operation Desert Storm in 1991., the

2,900-pound Tomahawk cruise missile

is such an important capability that

only the United Kingdom, our closest ally, shares this capability. In

1995, the governments of the United

States and United Kingdom signed a

Foreign Military Sales Agreement for

the acquisition of 65 missiles, marking the first sale of Tomahawks to a

foreign country.

With its unique stealth-like qualities, range and controllability, the

Tomahawk has become the U .S. military's weapon of choice . Because of

its slim radar cross-section, the missile is nearly invisible and can demolish an enemy's spirit just as easily as

an airfield .

The real beauty behind the

Tomahawk lies not in its power however, but in the missile's ease of use .

"The concept behind the missile is

really simple," said FC2(SW) Josh

Tillman, San Jacinto's TLAM primary launch controller. "It's fire and

forget . All we have to do is program

in a mission and launch."

Summer 2003

A The guided missile destroyer USS Porter (DDG 78) launches a Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM)

toward Iraq during the initial stages of "shock and awe ." (LT Christopher Senenko/USN)

Ships may fire and forget

Tomahawks, but they're something

Saddam Hussein's regime will not

forget for a very long time .

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

rfl

(LCDR Michael Brown of Carrier

Group 5 public affairs, J03 Grant

Johnson of LISS Harry S. Truman

(CVN 75) public affairs, and Gerry

Gilmore of American Forces Press

Service contributed to this article .)

11

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
12

(Editor's Note: This story arrived

from USS Tarawa (IRA 1) while the

ship was still in the Arabian Gulf supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom. As o f

press time, the amphibious assault ship

was still forward deployed on station.)

T

heir days are hard and long .

The tedium can be mind

numbing at times . But their

work could mean the difference

between life and death in the Arabian

Gulf for the Sailors and Marines

aboard USS Tarawa (LHA 1).

protects USS Tarawa

At night, while many of their shipmates sleep in berthing spaces not far

away, Sailors who stand watch at the

various gun mounts around the ship

constantly scan the horizon and wait

for possible threats .

"While we're out here, these

Sailors have one of the most difficult

and most important jobs on the

ship," said CAPT Jay Bowling,

Tarawa's Commanding Officer.

"They'll be the ones who'll defend us

against a suicide attacker coming out

of the darkness of night or maybe

identify a stray mine."

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

By JOC William Poison

USS Tarawa public affairs

A Three amphibious warships from Task Force 51, USS Tortuga (LSD 46), USS Tarawa (LHA 1), and USS Rushmore (LSD 47), steam together in formation

during operations in the North Arabian Gulf . All 32 ships of Task Force 51 have multiple gun mount watches manned 24 hours a day to protect the fleet from a

variety of threats to the ships . (PH( Tom Daily/USN)

Bowling added that another major

threat for which these Sailors watch

are the low, slow-flying drones .

These aircraft, which look like model

airplanes, can disperse deadly chemical and biological gases .

"It's stressful, it's hard and it tends

to wear you out after a while, but it's

our way of contributing to the operations out there in Iraq," said GM3

Juan Blanco .

Blanco is one of approximately 50

Tarawa crew members who man gun

watches aboard the San Diego-based

amphibious assault ship in the Arabian

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
A AN Leon Martinez mans a MK 38 25mm heavy machine gun March 26, aboard USS Tarawa (LHA 1) . Martinez and other watchstanders defend the ship against

threats such as suicide attackers in the darkness and stray mines . (JOSH David Perea/USN)

Gulf. As a Tarawa crew member, he's

also part of the coalition amphibious

force tinder Commander Task Force 51

(CTF-51) assembled in the region with

approximately 33,000 Sailors, Marines

and Coast Guardsmen.

While their Marines conduct operations in Baghdad, Tarawa, along

with other coalition amphibious

ships in CTF-51, remains on station .

Each night, AV-8B Harrier jets roar

off the flight deck toward the skies

over Iraq . Meanwhile, below them,

the Sailors at the gun mounts keep a

quiet vigil, waiting for something

they hope will never come .

"We hope we never come across

anything, but we have to be vigilant

and stay alert, because you never

Summer 2003

know what's out there," said DM2

Bryan Wolfe, who volunteered to

stand a gun watch . "You never know

what's going to happen ."

"It's a tough job to keep them

motivated day after day, and night

after night," said ACC Michael Haga .

"As supervisors, we walk the mounts

and make sure that their water jugs

are filled and that they're fed ."

Occasionally, the weather conditions of the Arabian Gulf have added

unique difficulties faced by the watch

standers . Several times, desert storms

(called shamals) have swept across

the Gulf, dumping a filee coat of

powdered. sand over the ship, including the gun watch stations. While

heat has not been a problem so far,

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

it's showing signs of quickly becoming one . Regardless of whatever

mother nature or a hostile force can

whip up, these Sailors still stand

ready to protect their shipmates,

according to Bowling .

"These young men and women,"

led by the Gun Boss LCDR Angelito

Galicinao, "are standing six-hour

watches out there 24 hours a day,

come rain, or come shine . They're a

first line of protection for this ship,"

he said . "But they're capable, ready

and well-equipped. . I'm confident

they can handle whatever comes

our way."

13

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
ilitary leaders used the

words "shock and awe"

to describe the performance of U .S . weapons during

Operation Iraqi Freedom (01F) where

the mixture of talented Sailors,

advanced technology and awesome

lethality annihilated Iraqi military

targets with astonishing precision .

Sailors today are part of something else historic - a radical

change in the Navy's paradigm

from using a unit or task force to

defend naval assets over an area the

size of Ohio, to providing our

nation with strategic defense that

spans multiple theaters .

The weapons discussed in the

next 22 pages are what the surface

Navy brings to American and coalition forces for the 21st century . They

are no longer stand-alone shipboard

weapons designed to defend the

battlegroup, but parts of a nearly

limitless network of warfare systems from multiple services whose

purpose is to engage threats against

joint assets . They are engagement

elements of a worldwide joint

warfare system.

What we witnessed in OIF was

the latest evolution of joint warfare, where dispersed U .S . armed

forces, networked together, fought

as a single, highly coordinated

team . Both Navy and Air Force

assets fired Tomahawks in coordination throughout the war. The Aegis

SPY-1 radar aboard USS Hid=Tins

(DDG 76) detected Iraqi ballistic

missiles . Higgins transmitted the

tracking data and cued the Patriot

74

radar located in Kuwait City . The

Patriot radar acquired the enemy

missile . Upon obtaining a fire control solution, Patriot missiles were

fired, successfully intercepting the

Iraqi missiles . Such coordinated

engagements between an Aegis

ship and the Patriot batteries were

a "combat first ."

This type of coordination will

soon become a combat norm . Ships

and their weapon systems are receiving upgrades to respond to new

threats and increase capabilities .

Newly constructed ships such as

USS Nitze (DDG 94) and PreCommissioning Unit New Orleans

(LPD 18) are receiving weapons and

sensors that can be integrated with

Navy, joint, and national networks

so surface forces can fight more

effectively as a member of the entire

armed forces team .

Harpoon 21, the MK 54 torpedo

and the Extended Range Active

Missile (ERAM), among others, can

all receive targeting data from multiple sources to make them more versatile in placing ordnance on target .

The Tactical hmalrawk and Theater

Ballistic Missile Defense's Standard

Missile-3 use multiple sources to

strengthen strike warfare and

defense of forces ashore . (Sec

"Missiles answer Sea Shield, Sea Shrike

questions," Page 16)

Often these upgrades will not

only enable the surface Navy to better operate in a joint environment,

but also allow us to respond quicker

to today's threats, a feat that formerly required prolonged periods of

testing and development .

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

"To get ahead we must revolutionize by getting modular, getting

unmanned, and getting on with it!"

stated RADM Harry Ulrich, Director,

Surface Warfare .

Programs such as Task Force Hip

Pocket rapidly deployed small caliber weapons to ships to counter a

changing threat environment, including the possibility of small boat

attacks . Tactical systems such as the

Ship's Self Defense System, Aegis,

and the Global Maritime Command

Information System (GMCIS) receive

upgrades as routinely as software

upgrades to personal computers.

Remote minehuntmg systems

deployed with the increased threat

of mined waters; evidenced in USS

Firebolt's (PC 10) seizure of an Iraqi

barge loaded with mines, and

Commander Task Unit 55 .4 .3's discovery of six mines in 36 hours . (Sec

"Clearing, the Wait," Page 9)

As we get underway with Sea

Power 21, these evolutionary and revolutionary weapons are the primary

means by which the surface Navy

assures access to the littorals while

projecting offensive and defensive

power inland .

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
USS Higgins (DDG 76) set a combat precedent by using its Aegis SPY-1 radar to de

and track inbound Iraqi missiles and transmit early warning cues to

U .S . Army Patriot Radar batteries for follow on or intercepts. (Denizot/Anteon)

Summer 2003

www.navy.mil/n a -palib/cho/n76

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 N
answer Sea Strike, Sea Shield questions

ince Allied forces first

commandeered the V-2

rockets from Nazi

Germany in World War II, the Navy

has sought to refine missiles from

indiscriminate destructive weapons

into a usable, guided weapon . Postwar engineers succeeded in ways

that no one could have dreamed .

Using an arsenal of missiles with

pinpoint accuracy, Navy ships can

project American power hundreds of

miles over the horizon in minutes, if

not seconds, while protecting not

only themselves but also entire

regions with similar technologies .

Tomahawk

In the midst of a frenzied tempo

of real-world operations and time

sensitive information on high priority targets with millions ol innocent

lives in the balance, missing a shot

was something the Navy could

not afford .

Ta ialrazuk land attack cruise missiles have become the weapon of

choice for the DuD because of its

extreme accuracy, long range

and lethality.

"The 7imieliazok weapon system is

the foundation of the Navy's Strike

Warfare mission," said ENS

Christopher Miller, strike officer

aboard USS Hue Cite/ (CG 66) . "Its

mobility on our surface ships and

submarines provide global reach and

influence for the employment of

cruise missiles ."

The flexibility and reach of the

missile makes Tomahawk an easy

16www.ntivy .mil/navpiilib/cno/n76

By J03 James Zike

Photo Editor

A Tomahawk land attack missile launches from USS Milius (DDG 69) on March 22 in support of

Operation Iraqi Freedom . U .S. Navy and British ships launched more than 400 Tomahawks during

Iraqi Freedom. (PHI Thomas LyaoughlUSN)

Surface' W01-fan'

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Quinn, the Surface Warfare directorate's head of Surface

Strike/1bnia/gawk Section . "With the

Chief of Naval Operation's designation of Tactical Tomahawk as a cornerstone of his transformational

roadmap, the Navy has put its full

efforts and resources behind fielding

this critical capability ."

The Navy will start deploying

TACTOM in the summer of 2004 .

choice for battle planners during

operations like iraili Freedom where

enemy military targets are hidden

among essential civilian services,

where targets continually move

between highly fortified locations

and where a near hit isn't

near enough .

Reserved for high value and heavily defended targets, Tomahawks fly at

extremely low altitudes at high subsonic speeds, and several missiontailored guidance systems pilot it

over an evasive route . These systems

include Global Positioning System

(GPS) information and on-board

equipment to compare terrain and

general area information for preprogranm ed flight paths and targets .

The missiles also reference back to

the ship that fired it and network to

the rest of the fleet .

One of the best features on this

system is "the ability to establish

communications and data links with

other units throughout the world,"

said FCC Corey Kozera, USS Cole's

(DUG 67) over-the-horizon supervisor. "I can see the same tactical picture on my screen that someone who

is in the Arabian Gulf will see ."

The newest innovation, Tactical

Tomahawk (TACTOM), will allow the

missile to loiter over a target area

and with an on-board camera, pass

real-time assessment of battle damage to warfighting commanders .

Additionally, commanders will

have the capability to reprogram

TACTOM while in-flight to strike

any of 15 pre-programmed alternate

targets or redirect the missile to any

GPS target coordinates . These

upgrades are just a few of the

enhanced capabilities of TACTOM .

"TACTOM will boast the highest

level of GPS anti-janmming and naviational technology, enabling Navy

warriors to project lethal, effective

RGM-84D Harpoon anti-ship missile launches from a ship . Originally developed in 1917 for the

and sustainable precision strike oilerNavy to serve as its basic anti-ship missile for fleetwide use, Harpoon also has been adapted for use

ations from the sea," said CAPT vd

on the Air Force's B-52G bombers . (Defense Visual Information (enter)

Summer 2003

www.navv.mil/navpalib/cnu/n7 6

Harpoon and

Harpoon 21

Another long-standing missile

system on which the military has

cone to rely is the RGM-84D

Harpoon Block I.

"The most interesting facts about

harpoon are that it is the only antiship cruise missile in the U .S . Navy's

arsenal, and the tactics and the

amount of teamwork used to successfully engage a hostile contact,"

said Kozera .

During its flight, the. Harpoon can

alter course several times to conceal

their firing origin, and allow multiple Harpoons to launch at various

times to hit a target simultaneously .

When closing a target, Harpoon uses

its radar to guide their way, however

if they fail to immediately acquire

there intended target the missile will

loiter in the area on a programmed

course until it does .

"Its low-level, sea-skimming

cruise trajectory, active radar guidance, and warhead design assure

high survivability and effectiveness,"

said Quinn,

Clipping wave tops at high subsonic speeds, harpoon is one of the

hardest missiles to detect or defend

on. The missile also uses a penetration high-explosive warhead that

wreaks havoc on any ship it impacts

17

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
USS Lake Erie ((G 70) launched a Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) while conducting the Aegis Intercept

Flight Test Round (FTR-1 A) at the Pacific Missile range headquartered in the mid-Pacific on the island of

Kauai, Hawaii . The Navy developed the new SM-3 exo-atmospheric missile to counter Theater Ballistic

Missiles. (USN)

by detonating after entering the

hull . Since the last ship-to-ship gun

battle in World War 11, Harpoon presents itself as the pre-eminent antiship weapon .

Since the end of the Cold War, the

Navy's priorities have shifted to littoral warfare and lessened the need

for over-the-horizon weapons capable of striking ships in blue water.

"This system rounds out the

ships weapons suite," said Kozera .

"The emphasis on open ocean warfare is nearly non-existent, now the

concern is littoral warfare . Harpoon

gives the Navy the punch of an effective anti-ship weapon in both

warfare arenas ."

1-harpoon 21, the first major

upgrade for Harpoon, will better

address the needs of littoral zones .

Throughout flight to a target, the

missile can receive information from

the ship that launched it, helicopters

and other units in the area .

The improved CTS/INS (Global

Positioning System/Inertial

18

Navigation System) improves the

ability of the missile to engage ship

tar gets in close proximity to other

ships, obstructions and land, allowing the missile to engage ship targets

whether in port, anchored or moored

pierside, and the ability to perform

coastal target suppression of land

targets," said Quinn . "Harpoon 21

achieves the necessary target selectivity to meet stringent rules of

engagement, providing operational

commanders with a significantly

improved littoral warfare capability ."

Harpoon 21 is scheduled for fleet

introduction by 2008 .

Standard

missile

The Standard Missile-2 (SM-2) is

the Navy's primary all-weather,

ship-launched, surface-to-air theater

air warfare: weapon and is an integral part of the Ac ;,,is weapons syswww.navy.mil/navp,ilib/ctio/n7h

tern aboard Ticorrde'roga-class cruisers and Arleiglr Burkeclass destroyers .

"A robust area air defense missile

is a prerequisite for maintaining forward naval presence, operating in

the littorals, and projecting and sustaining U .S . forces in distant antiaccess or area-denial environments,"

said 13 Vince Baker, the Navy's

Stanrdard Missile requirements officer .

The Navy upgraded SM-2 several

times since it was first deployed in

the early 1980s to keep pace with the

changing threat environment .

"The SM-2 continues to evolve to

counter expanding threat capabilities," Baker said . "Fach of the blocks

is progressively more capable against

more challenging threats and in

more difficult electronic countermeasLires (ECM) environments . The

Navy continues to implement,

through modular changes, improvements in very high and very low altittrde intercepts and in particularly

stressing ELM environments,"

SM-2 Block Ill features improved

performance against low altitude

threats and comprises more than half

of the active SM-2 inventory. Block

111A provides significantly enhanced

performance and lethality against

sea-skimming threats due to a new

warhead and fuse design . Block 11113

builds on the Block IIIA improvements by adding an infrared (IR)

guidance mode to improve performance in a stressing electronic countermeasures environment . Block 11113 is

the only variant in production for the

U .S. Navy, although Block I1lA is still

produced for foreign military sales .

The SM-2 Block IV is an extended

range missile to provide long range,

fleet area defense against high altittide aircraft and cruise missiles, as

well as enhanced defense against

supersonic sea-skimming cruise missiles . The missile incorporates a

thrust-vector-controlled rocket

Stu'facc' Warr1i't'

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
booster, a more robust airframe and

guidance and control modifications

for improved attitude/range/crossrange coverage against high performance, low radar cross-section

threats in an electronic countermeasure environment . The Navy completed Block IV production in 1999,

with the final rounds being delivered

in FY 2003 .

To counter the ballistic missile

threat, intercepts must take place in

outer space . The SM-3 missile was

developed to defeat this threat . SM-3

uses [lie same booster and dual

thrust rocket motor as the Block IV

missile. Due to the greatly extended

range of a space intercept, additional

missile velocity is needed . A newly

developed third stage contains a

dual pulse rocket motor for early

space flight and a revolutionary

Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric

Projectile, which is the kill mechanism for the final phase of the flight .

'The SM-3 missile uses hit-to-kill

technology - the projectile directly

collides with the target, destroying it

by the shear force of the collision .

Previous warheads used blast fragments to either destroy the missile or

violently disrupt its flight .

In January 2002, SM-3 achieved

the first Navy ballistic missile

defense intercept in space . The

energy released from the impact has

The low-cost, fire-and-forget Rolling Airframe missiles (RAM) and launchers are rapidly being

deployed throughout the fleet . Already on 10 different classes of ships, RAM is quickly bringing every

ship up to the same self-defense standard . (USN)

Sulrlrnc'r 2003 www.navv.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

ERAM

been calculated to be in excess of 125

megajoules, equivalent to a 10-ton

truck traveling at 600 miles per hour .

Following two other successful intercepts, SM-3 was approved for production . By Presidential direction,

SM-3 was identified as part of the

nation's initial ballistic missile

defense capability that is to be

deployed in the 2004-2005 timeframe. Aegis cruisers and destroyers

are being upgraded to fire the SM-3 .

The Extended Range Active missile (PRAM) is the Navy's nextgeneration surface-to-air missile

that will fulfill the future Navy

and joint capabilities to counter a

wide range of theater threats in

2010 and beyond .

"As the Navy evolves into new

and transformational mission areas,

the need for an extended range air

defense engagement capability takes

on a new priority," said CDR Mike

Anderson, the Navy's ERAM project

officer. "A robust, extended range

AAW (anti-air warfare) missile with

engage-on-remote capability against

overland cruise missiles is key to

achieving this goal ."

Introduction of active seeker technology reduces reliance on fire control illuminators and allows an

engage-on-remote capability. This

method works based on tracking

data of an enemy missile from

another surface or air unit . From that

data, EDAM would be launched, fly

to a certain location, acquire the

enemy missile with its active seeker

and intercept the threat . No longer

will surface ship AAW engagement

ranges be limited to the radar horizon . EDAM will be fired from AcWis

cruisers and destroyers including the

future DD(X) .

19

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Roiling

Airframe missile

A strong defense backs up and

boosts a strong offensive capability .

Enhancing defensive capabilities of

the fleet and joining the ranks of

ERAM, SM-2s, and SM-3s, the RIM-

,116A Rolling Airframe missile (RAM),

has found its place on the weatherdecks of more than 10 classes of

ships . RAM offers low-cost, fire-andforget self-defense against anti-ship

weapons including anti-ship cruise

missiles (ASCM) .

Passive radio frequency and

infrared (RF/1R) guidance systems,

previously developed for the Stinger

missile and the Sidewinder missile,

removes a need for shipboard direction or support after firing RAM.

"While the initial Block 0 version

of RAM requires the target to provide both an RF and IR signature to

be effective, RAM Block I provides

an 1R 'all-the-way-homing' capability

to improve performance against both

passive and active ASCMs," said

20

The newest innovation in

shipboard air-defense, the

SEA RAM, test fires . By combining

two already proven technologies,

SEA RAM will expand a captain's

ability to select the right defense

for the right target . (USN)

Gregory Elder, Surface Warfare

Directorate's Evolved Sea Sparrow

missile (IESSM) requirements officer .

The final production runs of Block

0 missiles and launchers finished on

schedule in 2002. Conversion of Block

0 to Block I, along with the production

of approximately 1,000 RAM missiles

for 83 ships, is already underway.

"RAM is currently or will be

installed on all aircraft carriers, all

Tarawa- and Wasp-class amphibious

assault ships, all Wlridbei1 Islandand Harper Fern-class dock landing

ships as well as 1 I Sprnance-class

destroyers," said Elder. "RAM is also

planned for all San Antonio-class

landing platform clock ships ."

The Navy developed RAM jointly

in cooperation with the German

navy; who i ntalled. i t on 28

German ships .

SEARAM

A hybrid concept of the MK 15

20mm Plialain - close-in weapon system (C W IS) Block 1 B and RAM;

SEARAM provides the capabilities to

engage cruise missiles, as well as helicopters, manned aircraft and surface

ships using the fire-and-forget RAM

Block I Helicopter, Air and Surface

missile . SEARAM has a greater effective range than the CTWS gun .

"SEA RAM will be capable of operating effectively without support

from other sensors, and can also be a

building block in a larger integrated

combat system," said Elder . "Because

SEARAM can counter a broad range

of air and surface threats, it is being

considered for use on FFC, LCS, and

other ship classes ."

NATO Sea

Sparrow missile

Since 1968, the Navy, Marine Corps,

Air Force and other forces within

NATO have looked to one missile for

many of their air-to-air and surface-toair missile needs . The Sparrow missile

has been refitted and changed to

match the exact specifications for the

The destroyer USS O'Bannon (DD 987) launches a RIM-7 NATO Sea Sparrow missile during an

exercise conducted with the Atlantic Fleet Weapons Training Facility . Sea Sparrow is the most successful

joint weapons project to date . (P112 Chantel (hapman/USN)

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76 Sut face WixrOnre Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
FC2 Ian Jangling, a crewmember aboard USS George Washington ((VN 73) helps guide a RIM-7 Sea Sparrow surface-to-air missile into its launcher . Sea

Sparrow systems provide ships primary anti-air defensive capabilities against both anti-ship cruise missiles and hostile aircraft . (PHAN Matthew Keane/USN)

Navy making it the MK 57 NATO Sea

Sparrow missile system .

"NATO Sea Sparrow has been

around the Navy for decades and is

therefore one of the longest-standing systems for self-defense we

have in our inventory," said FC2

Charles Cornelison, USS

Constellation (CV 64). "The system's longevity says something

about its reliability and inherent

value in the eyes of the Navy ."

One of the main values the Navy

has maximized is the Sea ' parrow'

ability to be tailored and modified .

Originally designed for medium

range surface-to-air anti-missile

defense for all-weather conditions

and all-altitudes, the missile abilities

have been pushed until it gained the

nickname "dog-fighter ." Now Sea

Sparrow also boasts a good record in

close-in visual engagements against

high-performance aircraft and missiles as Well as all emerging longrange capability.

Siliiiflt('i 2003

"Modifications to the Sea Sparrow

missile and missile control system

are ongoing in order to pace the

evolving threat," said Elder. "Major

upgrades include fielding a COTS

(commercial off-the-shelf) based 'rearchitectured' missile control system

for LHD, CV and CVN ship classes,

fielding of the more capable ESSM

(Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile), and the

employment of ESSM from vertical

launch systems (VLS) -- both the

existing MK 41 VLS and a new

ESSM launch system ."

ESSM is the next-generation Sea

Sparrow missile, designed to counter

faster and more maneuverable

threats at longer ranges . ESSM leverages the robust RIM-7P guidance

capability by replacing the existing

Sea Sparrow rocket motor and control

section with a larger diameter rocket

motor, a tail control section for

increased responsiveness and an

integrated thrust vector control for

vertical launch applications . ESSM

www.navy.niil/navpalib/cno/n76

will also have an upgraded warhead

for improved lethality. Development

of ESSM is being pursued as an

international cooperative initiative

involving; 12 countries in the NATO

Sea Sparrow consortium . ESSM has

been fired successfully from USS

Shoup (DDG 86) and is currently

scheduled to complete technical and

operational evaluation in 2003 .

"As the first level of ship's selfdefense before the CIWS system, the

importance of this system and my

job in keeping it up and working is

obvious, especially while

Constellation is deployed in the

heightened threat environment of the

northern Arabian Gulf," added

Cornelison . "We have thankfully not

needed to implement this system in

the first three weeks of Operation

Iraqi Freedom. The threats remain,

however, and l am confident the system would work if we needed it - it

is crucial ."

21

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
LIC---iI~TVL/

any Sailors may

remember the movie

U-571, and the sonar

technician hearing surface

"splashes" as ships began to attack

their submarine . Anti-submarine

warfare (ASW) has come a long way

since World War II . Instead of depth

charges, today's U .S . Navy frigates,

cruisers and destroyers carry MK 46

lightweight and MK 50 advanced

lightweight torpedoes . In the near

future, ships will carry the new MK

54 LW'I' (lightweight torpedo) .

Torpedoes are self-propelled

guided projectiles that operate

22

C

A MK 32 Mod-15 surface vessel torpedo tube fires a MK 46 Mod-5 lightweight torpedo from the starboard side of the recently commissioned guided-missile destroyer USS Preble (DDG 88), during a combat

systems ship qualification test . The MK 46 torpedo is designed to attack high performance submarines and is

considered the backbone of the Navy's anti-submarine warfare inventory . The Navy commissioned the San

Diego-based Preble Nov. 9, 2002 . (PH3 Ramon Preciado/USN)

underwater and are designed to detonate on contact or in close proximity

to a contact .

MK L4& Mod-5

Iightwelght torpedo

The MK 46 is designed to attack

high performance submarines, and is

presently identified as the NATO

standard . The MK 46 Mod-5, which

the Navy originally deployed in

1979, is the backbone of the Navy's

lightweight ASW torpedo inventory

and is expected to remain in service

until the year 2015 .

www.navy.iiill /navpalib/cno/n76

It is 102 inches in length, 21 inches

in diameter and weighs 517 pounds .

The MK 46 can reach speeds greater

than 28 knots, can reach depths

greater than 1,200 feet and has a

range of more than five miles. Its

warhead carries 98 pounds of high

explosives in a bulk charge .

"Maintaining optimum readiness

of the components of the MK 46s

and MK 50s is complex and challenging;," said STG2(SW) Jamel

Robinson of USS Barry (DDG 52).

"However, I extract a great measure

of enjoyment from knowing that my

assistance is essential in allowing

the technological advancement they

represent to fully manifest themselves during an anti-submarine

warfare exercise or in a genuine

threat situation ."

MK 50 advanced

lightweight torpedo

The MK 50 is used against faster,

deeper-diving and more sophisticated submarines . It will eventually

replace the MK 46 as the fleet's

lightweight torpedo .

This advanced underwater

weapon is 112 inches long, 12 .75

inches in diameter and weighs 750

pounds. The MK 50 can reach

speeds of 40- plus knots, and its

warhead packs approximately 100

pounds of high explosives in a

shaped charge .

Both the MK 50 and the MK 46

are launched from the MK 32 surface vessel torpedo tubes (SVTT)

system, which uses 1600 PSI of air

flask pressure .

"I love my system," said TM3

Christopher Ruddell of USS

Surface War-are
~r

carry ftceetAry punch

Fitzgerald (DDG 62). "The MK 32

Mod-T5 SVTTs are great to work on

and easy to maintain ."

"As long as they're properly

maintained, the torpedo tubes fire

every time," added ENS Erika Plath,

USS Porter's (DDG 78) anti-submarine warfare officer. "'I"hey're very

reliable . It's reassuring to have that

system should we ever find ourselves too close to a hostile submarine - which is more than possible

given today's ultra-quiet and highly

proficient submarine crews ."

MK L4 L WT

"The MK 54 LWT will be a hybrid

torpedo combining the strengths of

the MK 50, MK 46, and MK 48 (a

submarine launched torpedo) while

eliminating the weaknesses," said

CDR Tim Coolidge, the Navy's officer in charge of maritime warfare .

Coolidge said the MK 54 will

allow software changes in the field,

will be digital, and will be easier to

launch. In addition to building new

torpedoes, MK 46s will be converted

to MK 54s, thereby using all the

By JOC Bill Johnson-Miles

Former Managing Editor

torpedoes in the inventory. The Navy

began testing the MK 54 in February

and started the evaluation process in

March. According to Coolidge, it

should reach the fleet by 2004 .

"I can't wait until the MK 54

comes out," said Ruddell . "I really

want to learn more about them and

their capabilities ."

"Of course we're looking forward

to receiving the new MK 54," added

Platte, "because it's always nice to

have the most advanced weapons ."

-

S3R

USS Higgins's (DDG 76) TMSN Noroll Jackson performs maintenance on a MK 32 surface vessel torpedo tubes system . The system launches the MK 46

torpedo, an anti-submarine active/passive homing weapon with a range of more than five miles . Higgins is a guided-missile destroyer designed to hunt and

destroy a variety of targets using different types of weapons . (PHI Lance Kirk/USN)

Siunint'r 2003 www.navy.mil navpalib/cno/n76 23

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Naval Surface

SS Columbia (CL 56) steadily

maneuvered in her area of

Mf• operations, pummeling

Japanese forces with her 12 six-inch

.47-caliber guns to ensure the

Marines would be able to land on the

islands of Leyte Gulf that morning .

Later, CAPT Maurice Curts received

intelligence reports that his ship

would be needed to defend against

the Japanese Southern Force

approaching American ships through

Surigao Strait . At the conclusion of

thus battle, the last naval . gun battle in

history, the U .S. Navy had stink the

Japanese battleship Yamashiro and

destroyer Asagumo, while the cruiser

Mos~ami surrendered .

In the age of missiles, satellites

and the nearly instantaneous

responses to rapidly developing

intelligence seen during Operation

Iraqi Freedom, seldc.m~ imagined are

thoughts of naval gunfire reminiscent of World Wr II, but this may

change soma. Naval guns have taken

historic steps towards an evolving

means of supporting expeditionary

forces ashore . Naval gunfire provides supplemental firepower without expending multi-millicn~i dollar

missiles or risking the hazards of

sailing extremely close to coastalfired weapon systems and dangerous semi-navigable waters .

Naval Surface Fire Support

(NSFS) has always been dedicated to

24 w ww.navy.mil/navpa.lib/cnea/n7 6

By LT Duane Neal

Military Editor

dedicated to the mission

GM3 Shad Tucker of Killeen, Texas, lubricates the chase of MK 45 five-inch .62-caliber gun mount

aboard the guided missile destroyer DSS Fitzgerald (DDG 62) after the ship conducted firing exercises

while underway in the Arabian Gulf . (PHI Wayne Edwards/USN)

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
the mission of protecting expeditionary ground forces, in both littoral

operations as well as during their

forward movement into, and operations within an extended battle area .

"The key components of the

emerging NSFS capability," said

CAPT Joe Martin, the Navy's NSFS

program manager, "include the M K

45 Mod-4 five-inch .62-caliber gun,

the Extended Range Guided

Munition (ERGM), and the Naval

Fires Control System (NFCS) ."

MK 45 Mod-4

five-inch

.62-caliber gun

The MK 45 five-inch .62-caliber

gun builds of the existing MK 45

Mod-2 five-inch .54-caliber gum system currently mounted on the

Arleigh Burke-class Aegis destroyers .

The. .62-caliber gun will he capable of

firing the ERGM round .

"ERGM is a leap ahead in accuracy and has a range three times the

famous 16-inch gums that were used

on battleships," said Martin . "ERGM

is a revolutionary, rocket-assisted,

glide trajectory projectile that, once

fired from the MK 45 Mod-4 gun,

can achieve ranges in excess of 50

nautical miles and optimally reach

targets at an extended range of 63

nautical miles . These targets include

enemy personnel, lightly armored

vehicles or equipment ."

The redesign of the MK 45

includes improved recoil and more

sophisticated electronics to accommodate the ERGM. Its barrel is 40

inches longer than the .54-caliber

gun and provides an increase in the

chamber pressure by 10,000 pounds

per square inch .

"The FRGM uses a high-energy,

propellant charge called nitramine

which boosts the muzle energy by 18

nlegajoules - the difference of being

able to throw a 100 mph fastball and

Siinn,ier 2003

An Extended Range Guided Munition (ERGM) flies from a MK 45 five-inch .62-caliber gun. During

the first test firing of ERGM in June 2002, the round exceeded the Navy's requirements for tactical

accuracy. (USN)

throwing a 5 .5 ton boulder at the

same speed," stated Martin .

The Mod-4 also fires conventional

five-inch rounds. Last year, the crew

of USS Lassen (DDG 82) demonstrated the reliability and maintainability of the Mod-4 .

Gunner's mates proclaim the .62-

caliber to be "head and shoulders

above" the .54-caliber, and. much

easier to maintain .

All DDG 51 destroyers in construction will eventually be

equipped with the multi-purpose

MK 45 Mod-4 gun system.

Upgrading the destroyers' gun

weapon system from the MK 45

Mod-2 five-inch .54-caliber gun with

the modified MK 45 Mod-4 fiveinch .62-caliber gun began with

installation of the Mod-4 in USS

Wiuston Churchill (DDG 81). At

present, the MK 45 Mod-4 guns

have been installed through USS

Monisen (DDG 92), and will be

installed on the Aegis cruisers,

which have been identified for the

cruiser conversion program .

www.navy.mll/navpalib/clio/n76

Extended Range

Guided Munition

Long-range accurate fire support

front the sea will enlarge and

deepen the battlefield . The ERGM is

part of the Navy's effort to assist

expeditionary ground forces more

effectively in the warfighting concepts contained ill Operational

Maneuver frour the Sell and Slid) to

Objective Mnueuver. These guides

encourage improvements in the precision of long-range weapons and

greater reliance on sea-based fire

support to reduce the need for

support from ashore .

The FRGM round weighs 110

pounds and consists of three basic

subsystems . The navigation and control electronic subsystems are built

into the low-drag nose . The ERGM's

unitary blast/fragmentation warhead, with a Height-Of-Burst fuse, is

located in the projectiles mid-section .

'The last subsystem consists of the

rocket motor located in the aft section . An encrypted code enables the

ERGM to acquire and track the

25

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Global Positioning System ((.PI'S)

satellite signal . The unit is locked

onto four or more CI'S satellites for

optimum positioning in its guided

trajectory toward the pre-initialized

target location .

The Navy tested the ERGM all-up

round in June 2002 at White Sands

26

FC3 Jeremiah Thompson, of Benicia, Calif ., checks the barrel fittings on one of four MK-15 20mm

Phalanx Close In Weapons Systems ((IWS) aboard l1SS Abraham Lincoln (NN 72) . (PHAN Philip

McDaniel/USN)

Missile Range in New Mexico . They

used an all-up round to test the complete operation of the gun with all

systems working as one integrated

trait . For the first time in history, the

Navy fired a long-range guided

mtnnition from a gun, demonstrating

a reliable rocket motor ignition for a

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

gun-lat.mched projectile . It took 220

seconds for the round to travel 38 .5

nautical miles, and it hit its target

within four meters . The CTS System

tracked 10 satellites throughout s

the flight .

"The noteworthy success of the

FRGM flight test brought the role of

NSFS closer to meeting the objectives

defined in new, operational concepts

of conventional land attack warfare

designed for the 21st (,'entury,"

said Martin .

ERGM is scheduled to enter the

Fleet in 2006 .

Naval Fire

Control System

CIN' FCS)

In future conflicts, U .S . naval

forces envision conducting ship-toobjective maneuvers as an integral

part of a joint campaign . Joint

ground elements will consist of

lighter, highly trtaneuverable forces

that will employ light lethal fires

from advanced ground combat vehicles while directing heavy joint fires

that will be delivered increasingly

from the air to sea .

NFC'S is a computer-automated

mission planning and battle management system that will enable surface

forces to conduct land attack missions within an intricate electronic

network of warfare assets .

"NFCS significantly automates

shipboard fire support management

functions to reduce NSFS team manning and shorten mission-processing

time," said Martin . "More importantly, the system will allow the

Navy to operate with the digital fire

support command and control system used by the Army and

Marine Corps."

NF(-'S receives targeting data, conducts planning and coordination of

surface fires and executes fire missions through interfaces to weapon

control systems on surface combatSwr f«cc Wai (trc'

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
ants . NFCS represents a major step in

the Navy's ability to provide automated and responsive fire support to

Army and Marine Corps forces

ashore. Evaluation of its operational

use is scheduled to occur later

this year .

Advanced

Gun System

The 155mm Advanced Gun

System (AGS) will fire GPS-guided,

rocket-assisted rounds called Long

1

Range Land Attack Projectiles at targets up to 100 nautical miles away.

AGS will be the most automated gun

system in the Navy's history with

improved accuracy and a sustained

rate of fire of up to 12 rounds per

minute. Besides the substantial

increase in range, AGS will have the

ability to coordinate delivery of multiple rounds simultaneously through

its Multiple Round Simultaneous

Impact computer system . Rounds

can be fired in succession at the same

target, and AGS will differ each

round's trajectory so the target is

impacted by all rounds at the same

time, a Navy version of "shock

and awe."

"The gun and magazine will be

completely automated," said

Martin. "Two different loading systems are being considered for the

AGS . The standard loading system

can fire 12 rounds per minute . A

vertical load version is 38 tons

lighter than the standard loading

One of USS Theodore Roosevelt's ((VN 71) MK-l 5 20mm Phalanx Close In Weapons Systems ((IWS) fires during a training exercise . CIWS is capable of

firing 4,500 rounds per minute, and provides ships of the Navy with a "last-chance" defense against anti-ship missiles and littoral warfare threats that have penetrated other fleet defenses . (PH2 Angela M. Virnig/USN)

Stnniutcr 2003 www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4

27
28

FC3 Steven Goad from Virginia Beach, Va ., loads 20mm ammunition into a MK-15 20mm

Phalanx Close In Weapons Systems (CIWS) gun aboard USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) .

(JOC Alan Baribeau/USN)

system and takes up less space, but

will have a slightly reduced rate of

fire . Both options feature magazines

with automatic strikedown, manageinent and loading, contributing

to optimal manning."

This will reduce the number of

people required to man the gun and

snake the seemingly endless days at

Yorktown Naval Weapons Station

long gone . The Navy will decide

which system to use within the next

www.navy.mil/navpcilib/cno/n7 6

year. The first AGS installation on

DD(X) is planned for FY 2008.

R

Gun

To further increase the range of

NSFS, electromagnetic rail gun technologies are being researched . hail

guns require a pulse power system to

convert prime electrical power to the

instantaneous current pulse necessary for an electromagnetic launchch.

The rail gun is expected to achieve

ranges in excess of 200 nautical miles .

"The rail gun uses an all-instal,

kinetic energy round," said John

Antonelli of the Navy's Combat

Systems and Weapons office. "Such a

round eliminates the need for propellants and explosive warheads . All

metal rounds allow for a smaller,

safer magazine or a much greater

storage capacity for a given magazine size, A lethality test demonstration revealed that the kinetic energy

released would create a 10-foot

diameter crater, 10 toot deep ."

The rail gun round would also

provide a deep penetration capability to destroy hardened targets . It is

estimated that the round could

achieve penetration to 40 feet in

solid ground .

As part of Sea Trial, the rail gun

will undergo accelerated operational demonstrations and fleet

experiments . A I /8th-scale rail

gun demonstration is scheduled

this year as the first step towards

accelerated development .

MK 15

Phalanx Close-In

Weapon System

The Mk 15 I-'lualmix Close-In

Weapon System (CIWS) provides

ships with a "last-chance" defense

against anti-ship cruise missiles and

littoral warfare threats that penetrate

other fleet defenses .

CIWS is a radar-controlled, rapidfire gun capable of firing 4,500

Sttfftace War an'

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
r

rounds per minute . Using advanced

search and track radar system, CIWS

automatically detects tracks and

engages anti-ship cruise missiles and

hostile aircraft .

CIWS is the only deployed close-in

weapon system capable of

autonomously performing its own

search, detect, evaluation, track,

engage and kill assessment functions .

Integrated into existing combat systenls, CIWS also provides additional

sensor and fire control capability .

The latest version of CIWS, Block

113, also provides defense against

shall, fast, surface craft and slow-flying helicopters and aircraft. Block 1 B

does this by adding a forward-looking infrared detector (FI .1R) and

video tracking Capability . FLIR provides a unique multi-spectral detect

and track capability for littoral warfare threats and dramatically

improves the` existing anti-air warfare capability.

"The Block I B has a lot of

improvements over the older models, such as a newer computer and

Suntrncr ?0()

USS Donald Cook (DOG 75) crewmembers conduct a pre-action calibration fire from the ship's MK 45 five-inch .62-caliber gun while underway supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom. (JOCAlan Raribeau/USN)

improved barrels for a tighter grouping of rounds," said FC1(SW) Lonnie

Richardson of USS Ganj (EEG 51) .

"But the best thing about the 113 is

definitely the new surface mode . For

the first time, you can actually see

what you're shooting at, using the

PTI U'lullnn .l thermal imaging) system, all infrared camera that can see

in the dark . Using the camera, the

operator can target small watercraft

and slow-flying aircraft from inside

the skin of the ship, which is definitely a plus for defending the ship ."

Often, the intent of a design

lends itself to being useful in many

other areas .

"Surprisingly the camera on the

Block 113 turned out to be one of our

most valuable anti-submarine warfare

(ASW) assets, because at night its

infrared camera could aid in visually

identifying surface contacts we held

on sonar," added ENS Rvan Easterday,

Gar!/'s ASW officer. "Even more

imiportantly, we found that it was great

for spotting periscopes and stlbmarines snorkeling oil the surface ."

www.navv .nlit/navpalib/cno/n76

While the CIWS' new camera 'eve'

caught the attention of Sailors working on ship's defenses, little can

escape the other on-board innovations . Additional improvements to

the radar system provide better sensor support for close-in engagements

and optimized gun barrels and

enhanced rounds have improved

CIWS' range and accuracy.

More than 15 tests have been

successfully conducted against

small boat targets with Block I B,

and another nine against low altitude air targets acting as slow aircraft and helicopters .

More than 400 CIWS systems have

been deployed at sea on U .S . warships since the Navy first tested the

system in August 1973, and nearly

all surface combatants have one or

more CIWS systems installed . Earlier

versions of CIWS mounts are being

upgraded to CIWS Block I B, with all

ships scheduled to be upgraded

by 2012 .

29

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
.3U

L'c-t. 12, 2000 - Tei rorists

detonate an exploswe .,;-laden

boat alongside the: guided-naissilr'

dcstroilcr LISS Cole (DDG 67) as it

refuels iii Aden, Yemen . The suicide

bomb kills 17 Sailors and wounds an

additional 42,

HT1(SW) Chris Regal, a former

Cole crew member and currently a

Naval Leadership Training Unit

facilitator in Dam Neck, Va ., remembers all the terrifying graphic details .

"It was the loudest sound you

could remember," Regal stated .

"People were hysterical . . . it was

chaos, and blood, and injuries and

just horrible ."

GMl (SW) Travis Morrison (center), USS Gary's (FFG 51) weapons division leading petty officer,

conducts training on the MK 44 GAU-l7 7 .62mm mini-gun with the frigate's force protection watchslanders. (USS Gary/USN)

In response to this kind of horror,

the Navy began a new surface wartare initiative called Task Force I lip

Pocket. Hip Pocket, formed at the

direction of the Chief of Naval

Operations, provides ships with an

increased capability to deter and

defeat small boat attacks, both in

port and underway.

"In addition to single boat attacks,

naval experts highlight an emerging

threat of potential adversaries attacking ships in large numbers of highspeed, small surface craft using

'swarm' tactics," said CAPT Vie

Guiilory, the officer in charge of warfare systems in the Surface Warfare

Directorate (N76) Office of the Chief

www.navy.mi l /navpalib/cno/n76

By JOC Bill Johnson-Miles

Former Managing Editor

of Naval Operations . "A swarm

attack is designed to be a coordinated and overwhelming attack on a

single ship or multiple ships in transit . One of Task Force I -lip Pocket's

primary objectives is to address

these serious threats to our fleet ."

"One of the primary tenets of Task

Force Hip Pocket is getting systems

to the fleet as fast as possible," said

CAPT Jim Stewart, head of

Commander, Naval Surface Force,

U.S . Pacific Fleet's requirements

branch, and responsible for fleet

capabilities . "To defeat the current

threat, speed of delivering capability

is more important than waiting for

the perfect solution ."

So Hip Pocket is delivering small

arms to deploying ships now in

order to immediately increase their

defensive capabilities .

One of Hip Pocket's counters to

these threats will be upgrading the

MK 15 Phalanx Close-In Weapon

System (CIWS, discussed in the previous story on guns) to Block 1 B .

CIWS Block 1B will provide added

defense against small, fast, surface

craft . The Navy is also working on

implementing solutions quicker .

MK 44 GAU-1 7

752m77 mini-gun

"The MK 44 mini-gun (which fires

3,000 rounds per minute) has been

adapted for shipboard use in support of MIO (maritime interdiction

operations) and littoral operations,"

said GMCS(SW) Donald I .anglois,

USS Gary's (FF(; 51) combat systems

department leading chief petty officer. "It provides ships the ability to

S 11 face Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Srrrnnic'r 003

USS Carney's (DDG 64) F(1 Juan Sanchez fires

the MK 19 40mm automatic grenade launcher while

GM3 Rashaun (linton watches, as the guided-missile

destroyer conducts operations in the Arabian Gulf .

(PHC(SS) John Williams/USN)

deter or disable small craft

in close proximity to naval vessels .

Operational tests with simulated targets have been conducted with

impressive results . This weapon

gives watchstanders and

Commanding Officers a significant

boost in their ability to defend their

ships as well as escorted vessels ."

Garij received the weapon this

past winter, when Naval Surface

Warfare Center Crane, Ind ., in less

than 4 :7 days, procured, assembled,

inspected, and delivered 56 MK 44

GAU-17 mini-guns to USS Harry S.

Truman (CVN 75) Battle Group in

Norfolk and USS Nirnit: (CVN 68)

Battle Group in San Diego .

"Weapons specialists have been

working around-the-clock over the

last two years to deliver small arms

to the Navy," said Guillory . "These

men and women at Crane ere motivated to support their customers, the

Sailors, many of whom are sons,

daughters and neighbors of these

heartland heroes."

Crane also delivered more than 50

MK 95 twin .50-caliber machine guns

to the fleet in time to meet deployment schedules and fielded 10 MK

99 twin M240 7.62mm machine guns

aboard ships for demonstration .

These are in addition to the old

Browning M2 HB .50-caliber guns

and the M60 machine guns most

ships already had in their arsenal .

MK 19 40mm automatic

grenade launcher

The MK 19 40mm automatic

grenade launcher is capable of shooting more than 300 grenades a minute.

The Navy has already installed some

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

USS Constellation ((V 64) is framed by an M60

machine gun aboard a patrol craft from Special Boat Unit 17

(SBU-17) as the carrier enters San Diego Bay . SBU-17 provides port security for all naval vessels in San Diego harbor .

(PHAN Jason London/USN)

of these weapons on the majority of

the Navy's surface warships .

"It is an awesome feeling knowing we are protecting our ship and

our shipmates," said GM1 Brian

Vandendoleweert, who mans the MK

19 40mm automatic grenade

launcher aboard USS Winston S.

Churchill (DDG 81) . "1 feel that continuous on-board training keeps the

SCAT (small craft action team),

including myself, ready at a

moment's notice. Shooting the

weapons during training is very

important, because the SCAT is the

number one defense for the ship in

the event of a small boat attack ."

MK 38 25mm

minor caliber gun

First deployed in 1986, the MK 38

is an unstabilized weapon etfective

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4

31
to 2,700 yards, capable of firing; 175

rounds per mintlte . Once maintained

in a rotatable pool and available for

temporary installation on deploying

ships has become a permanent

install on many ships now . The Navy

employed the MK 38 aboard various

combatant and auxiliary ships during Operations Desert Shiekdand

Dctierl Storm .

"No natter how small those

weapons alight appear, they play a

big part in the safety of the 'Gator'

32

A

r

Navy," said GM3 Larry Baker of USS

Pearl Harbor (I SD 52) . "When nay

life is on the line in a battle 1 would

rather be behind the best weapon the

Navy has to offer, nay 25mm

machine gun . "

As part of Task Force Hip

Pocket, Naval Surface Warfare

Center Louisville, Kv ., led an

aggressive effort to rapidly demonstrate commercially available stabilized 25mm mounts, the same

caliber as the MK 38 . These mounts

svvvvv .navv .mil/navpalib/cno/n76

99

11

USS Benfold's (DDG 65) GMl Joe Brown mans a MK 38 25mm minor caliber machine gun while on watch in the Arabian Gulf . (PH2 Rebecca Kearns/USN)

include the hafael Til1)hoolr, United

Defense Limited Partnership's

Mauser ML(;-27, and the

Kollmorgan MK 98 Mod mount. In

addition, Louisville will demonstrate and test the existing unstabilized MK 38 MOD I as a baseline

system to compare results, and the

EX-45, a remote operated stabilized

small arms mount capable of

accommodating the MK 44 GAU17, the .50-caliber machine gun or

the MK 19 40nni grenade launcher.

Silrfacc Warfrtrc

7

4

11

9

I
"I have worked with the 25mm

machine gun system for 1 .0 years,"

explained (MI Jonathan Conkle . "1

fully support this 25mm demonstration effort and appreciate what the

Navy is doing to improve our force

protection weapon capabilities ."

Conkle is one of nine fleet Sailors

from USS Decatur (DDG 73), USS

Howard (DDG 83), USS Boxer (LHD

4) and USS Hire Citrf (CG 66), who

tested weapons for Louisville and

tired more than 2000 rounds of

ammunition from each system during the first demonstration .

Suninu'r 2003

Following the final at-sea demonstration, the Navy anticipates startin g a rapid 25mm upgrade for

surface ships, in time for delivery

starting in early 2004 . These

upgrades will likely include stabilization, remote operation, fire control and electro-optical capability .

"Task Force 1 lip Pocket will continue to seize on the collaborative

energy of a dedicated team to

quickly improve the war fighting

capability of surface ships against

the small boat threat," said RADM

Harry Ulrich, Director of Surface

w'w , i%,.navv.mrl/navpalih/cno/n7h

Warfare. "The desired end state is

providing each ship with an organic,

all-weather, day/night capability to

defeat all enemy surface threats

within this 'defensive bubble' (8,000

yards), both at sea and in port

by FY04 ."

(Task Force Hip Pocket and I .T JoMrr

RipleY of Navy lnforinalion Binvau 101

New England cont) , il7uted to t1iis article .)

A03 Lavander Segars takes aim on his target with a Browning M2 HB .50-caliber machine gun aboard USS Saipan (LHA 2) in the Arabian Gulf . The .50-caliber shoots 500 rounds per minute. (PHAN Kyle Voigt/USN)

33

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
lu.nminuna foil has been used

for many things - packaging, explosives, manufacturing and cooking; -but in World War

11, Air Force bombers used it as a

tool to confuse German radar. Chaff

began appearing on ships in 1974

when radar-guided anti-ship missiles

(ASMs) become a significant threat :

The Navy cut the lead-powdered

strips of aluminum foil to a length

that would return radiated energy it

a similar freluency, causing the

radar to "see" the energy returned

by the position of the chaff more_

than the energy returned from the

ship . This is now called Super Rapid

Blooming Offboard Chaff or SR13OC,

and it has become the Navy's primarv decoy for radar-guided ASMs .

As the threat evolved, so did the

Navy's defenses. When infraredwww,navv.nul/navpalib/con/n76

USS Donald Cook (DDG 75) exercises its anti-missile countermeasures by firing a Super Rapid Blooming Offboard Chaff round while conducting underway

operations in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom . (JO((SW) Alan Baribeau/USN)

guided ASMs developed, the Navy

created heat-generating decoys to

defeat this modification . The MK 186

lurch and MK 245 Giant arc both

decoys launched in the same manner

as chaff and radiate heat energy with

an intensity greater than that created

by the ship .

One of the disadvantages of chaff

is the ship must be upwind of the

cloud of aluminum strips or the

Sitrfncc Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
ASM's radar could follow the cloud

if it drifts back toward the ship .

Also, chaff launchers are in fixed

positions on a ship, which constrain

the position in which the ship must

face relative to the threat .

Maneuvering the ship ma y be necessary to launch the chaff rounds in

the ideal direction to distract the

inbound missile, ree1uiring time the

ship may not have .

C."haff launchers are relatively slow

compared to faster ASMs being produccec.l today, and are susceptible to

Doppler discrimination -- -- a way for

the A`-)M's guidance system to determine and ignore the decoy. This

method of discrimination would be

similar to traveling northbound on is

highway and hearing three cars blowing their horns going in one direction,

and suddenly hearing -10 cars blowSt,mnrier 2003

www.ii~i vy.mil/ii ivfatalit.)/cno/n7h

By LT Duane Neal

Military Editor

EW3 Michael Eubanks stands the Advanced Combat Direction Systems watch in the Electronic Warfare Module aboard USS Kitty Hawk ((V 63),

(PH3 Chris Howell/USN)

ing their horns going in the opposite'

direction . Even though you hear the

various horns, the change in sound

(fre(Iuency shift) helps yoti follow the

group of cars traveling northbound .

NWKa

Recognizing these disadvantages,

the Royal Australian Navy and the

U .S . Navy worked together to create

35

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
NuIka, a rocket-propelled decov.

Nolka (all Aborigine word meaning

"be quick") rises pig l performance

propulsion and a control system to

put itself In the most tactically

advantageous position possible .

"It radiates a radar signature

larger than that of the targeted

ship," said I larrv Severin, the

Navy's decoys branch associate program manager, "then flies away,

electronically pulling the missile

with tt.''

Tile broaclballd signals lessen the

likelihood of Doppler discrimination, and the digital flight control

unit allows Ntlka to counter multiple inbound missiles . Milkii (-.ill be

launched in a severe sea state and its

rockets acre powerful enough to

counter strong winds .

36

[W] I(endall I(ilgore loads a Super Rapid Blooming Offboard Chaff launcher aboard USS Briscoe (DD 977) in the North Sea during Operation Strong

Resolve. (JO I Kevin Elliott/USN)

Nulka decoy

wv~ w.navy.rnil/navpalib/cno/n76

Milk-a and its associated MK 53

Decoy Launching System are scheduled to be installed on the following

ship classes : CC, 47, DDG 5I, LID 17,

LSD 41 /49, selected F'I'( ; 7 and possihlv 1)l)(X) .

The Navy completed the first

Flight IIA DD( . 5 1 installation of

Nulka earlier this year aboard USS

McCamirbell (DDG $5). In the

future, Neelka will be improved to

ensure it is integrated fully into the

fleet's combat systems .

LQ32 -

The AN/SLQ-32 electronic wartlrel (F W) system is the primary LW

system ill the sru-face fleet today, currently installed in more than 170 U .S .

Sit ,'fact' W(11,1111,1,

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Navy and Coast Guard ships . There

are five variants of the AN/SLQ-32,

and determining which variant is

installed depends largely on the

class of ship . The system provides

early detection, analysis, threat

warning and protection against

anti-ship missiles.

The current variants include :

(V)1 and (V)2 provide passive capabilities ; (V)3 adds an active capability ; (V)4 includes an active

capability in aircraft carriers; and

(V)5 provides an active capability in

the FFG 7 class .

The SLQ-32 will receive various

incremental improvements to hasten

their installation in the. fleet so ships

have the latest technology proven for

operational use . The goal is based on

open architecture software, which is

similar to software upgrades for

]ionic computers. This approach

allows maximum flexibility to a

changing threat environment while

allowing a more coherent picture of

the tactical picture,

"These upgrades will reduce dual

tracks, improve combat identification, improve track continuity and

increase the situational awareness

and protection of the battleforce with

numerous sources of electro-magnetic interference," said CAPT Arch

Macy, the Navy's electronic warfare

systems director.

The Block I upgrade includes an

electronic surveillance enhancement

and a computer processing upgrade .

Improvements include an Improved

Control and Display Console

(ICAD), which replaces the traditional monochrome screen and

somewhat difficult to manage consoles, with the versatile Q-70 consoles found on all new Arleigh

Burke-class ships, Block 113 fully integrates the new console with the

ship's combat system allowing sensor tracks to be manually correlated .

Other improvements include additional signal analysis capability and

the capability to launch Nulkri and

other decoys on radar tracks .

Blocks 2, 3 and 4, although not yet

approved for development, will

likely follow in order to dramatically

improve the SLQ-32's effectiveness,

add radio frequency, infrared, and

electro-optic capabilities, and fully

integrate the system into the ship's

combat system . These improvements

will dramatically boost anti-ship

missile defense, counter-targeting,

counter-surveillance, situational

awareness and electronic intelligence

data collection.

Electronic warfare technicians conduct maintenance on USS Carl Vinson's ((VN 70) AN/SLQ-32(V)4 electronic warfare and countermeasures system . Carl

Vinson is conducting missions in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. (PH3 Martin Fuentes/USN)

Sin,tntcr 2003 www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6 37

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
What do you think is

the best defense for a

Navy ship facing a

small boat threat?

"More than anything, a ship facing a small boat threat needs a smart, alert,

and well-trained crew to defend the ship . Even with all the firepower inn the

world, if you're not properly trained you'll go nowhere and do nothing ."

"I think that the best defense for a Navy ship facing a small boat attack are

the lookout watches . The eyes of a sharp lookout are the ship's first defense .

A quick and accurate lookout would be able to evaluate the situation, take

proper and immediate action for the ship to combat/eliminate the threat ."

"Most people believe that after the incident with USS Cole (DDG 67), the way we handle small boat threats has

changed . Most say we are more likely to go straight to using overwhelming force if the threat is viable, and we've

exhausted all other means, than question whether or not the small'' boat is truly a threat' or not . But, above all, vigilant

watchstanding is the first defense, and when coupled with the capabilities of small arms - especially the 25nuam, the

.50-caliber, and the MK 44 GWS, which are operated by highly trained gunner's mates, most small boats would have

more than just a difficult time doing any harm to USS Conistock (LSD 45) ."

"I was on USS Vincennes in 1988 when we were engaged by a group of Boghharrnners . I was a junior FC3 at the time

and was standing watch while we were at General Quarters . What I recall is that we put about 38 rounds out of mount

52 and 36 rounds from mount 51 . Furthermore, the B?girammer drivers zigzagged at high speed while we put rounds

on them. I was told we got about half of them . Some claimed they saw the rounds bracket the boats followed by a big

splash and no boat afterward . USS Elmer Montgomery (FF 1082), a Knox-class frigate, was on station with us as well,

and I'm sure she also put rounds on target . My feeling is the best defense for the small boat threat would be intelligence'gathering, situational awareness, and lots of five-inch rounds

. I'm sure a well-aligned gun fire control system

played a. pretty major role as well ."

-FC3 Earnest King

USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG 58)

-GSE2 (SW) Patrick Lyle

USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG 58)

-ENS Patrick Drain

USS Comstock (LSD 45)

-FC1(SW) David Malucci

LISS Leyte Gulf (CG 55)

"Lots of AMMO on target!"

-STGC (SW) D. Wagner

LISS Samuel B . Roberts (FFG 58)

8

www.navy.mil/iiavpalib/cno/x17 6

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No .
"Its tough to beat the MK 15

20mm Phalanx close-in weapon system (CI WS) Block -l B for its performance against a small boat threat .

Then again, there is something to be

said for several motivated Sailors

behind MK 95 twin .50-caliber

machine guns and MK 38 25mm

heavy machine guns, aka World War

l1-style anti-air warfare defense . Just

turn the sights to the water space

around the ship . Load ships up with

more crew-served weapons and give

us the ammo and targets to practice

shooting at them ."

-LTJG Mark Rice

LISS Leyte Gulf (CG 55)

"Our best defense would have to be the lookouts and the well-trained gun mounts . Also, key to

our defense is the lookouts and the gun mounts maintaining continued vigilance while standing

watch - they are truly our eyes and ears and play a crucial role in defending the ship if ever

attacked by small boats ."

-LT Eric Manful I

LISS Comstock (LSD 4.5)

"I think the best defense for a Navy ship facing "We are not going to let them take u.s

a small boat threat is the watchstanders them- down. Our guns are our best defense couselves . Being able to identify possible threats is the pled with fast reaction times in manning

first step in sell-defense ."

up the gun mounts."

-EM3 Michael Barone

LIS5 Samuel B. Roberts (FFG 58)

"Before the tragedy with USS Cole (DDG 67) we would

not have used full force . Now it has come down to either

us or them; and it's become all about us . If they are trying

to attack us, then they are definitely not friendly . Our best

defense would be using the 25mm and .50-caliber

machine gun mounts and the MK 44 GAG-17 7 .62mm

mini-gun ."

--OS3 Amy Haight

1ISS Comstock (LSD 45)

"The M-60 machine guns are the best defense ."

-ET2 Dustin Isaacs

LISS Comstock (LSD 4;5)

Summer 2003

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

-EW2 Andrea Jackson

I_ISS Comstock (LSD 45)

Summer 2003

Our questio

for the Fall 200

issue is,

What

kind aF

capabilities

would you

like to see

added to

the next

ship class or,

upcoming

ship

alterations?"

If you would

like us to consider publishing ,

your answer to

1 question,

e-mail the

answer to us at

surfwarnia

navv.mil

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
A During a recent deployment the crew of USS John

L. Hall (FFG 32) made a large contribution to the war

on drugs . While on patrol from 0(1. 10, 2002, until

March 11, 2003, John L. Hall helped stop 16,000

pounds of illegal drugs from entering the United States

and caused 5 "go-fasts" to stop their operations . (JCCC)

T

he battlefield for the war on

drugs touches all coasts and

borders of the Western

Hemisphere, affecting all lifestyles,

whether rich or poor, young or old .

Waging this battle finds the U .S .

Navy, Coast Guard, and allies "at the

tip of the spear" patrolling the

Eastern Pacific and Caribbean waters

40

and skies 24/ 7 conducting counternarcotics operations . Teamwork, a

critical element of success in the drug

war, drives these missions and the

personnel involved to stem the flow

of drugs into this country . One example of a success story involves USS

John L. Hall (FFG 32) .

John L. Hall took the war on drugs

into the backyards of the drug cartels

themselves . On patrol from Oct . 10,

2002, to March 17, 2003, John L. Hall

spent nearly 80 percent of that time

underway, covering more than

1,425,000 square miles of the Pacific in

pursuit of drug-running speedboats

known as "go-fasts" and monitoring

the fishing vessels that function as

their logistical support vessels .

John L. Hall directly seized or

assisted in the seizure of more than

16,000 pounds of illegal drugs .

Additionally, five "go-fasts" discontinued operations, either from the

smugglers sinking them with quickacting scuttles, or confiscation by law

enforcement officials.

"Counterdrug operations is a

team sport," said CDR Thomas

Flisk, John L. Hall's Commanding

Officer. "We couldn't do the job

without our superb helicopter

detachment and law enforcement

detachment working as an integrated team with the ship ."

Throughout the deployment, the

John L. Hall team and the embarked

U.S . Coast Guard law enforcement

detachment (LEDET) would stop,

board and seize boats engaged in

drug smuggling, directly impacting

the illegal narcotics trade .

Another ship making a significant

impact in this war includes USS

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

By )O1 Andrew Karalis

Managing Editor

Crommelin (FFG 37), which interdicted six metric tons of narcotics -

street valued at more than $180 million -- bound for the shores of the

United States . Crommelin deployed

Oct. 22 and returned April 22 . In

addition to the counternarcotics

operations, Crommelin Sailors also

served as excellent ambassadors in

the region and as lifesavers (see

story on "USS Crommelin rescues

fishermen," Page 43) .

"We not only stemmed the flow of

drugs, but were able to assist people

and show a very giving side of our

Sailors," said LCDR Will Triplett,

Crom.melin's executive officer .

Sailors from John L. Hall also

brought their selfless spirit on

deployment with them while fighting

the war on drugs . Both crews put

volunteers ashore to repair and refurbish local elementary schools in

Ecuador and to assist the poor in

the community.

"It was inspiring, being such a

help to people who really needed it,""

said HM1(SW) Alfonzo Jacobs of

John L. Hall . "Some of these people

never have anyone look out for them .

Sometimes, all it takes is being in the

right place at the right time and

being prepared to help out ."

Coincidence may have it that

"Being in the right place at the right

time" is an element of fighting the

war on drugs as well. One day, early

in Crommelin's deployment, SN John

Holme stood forward lookout when

he spotted the outline of a small craft

on the horizon . It looked suspicious,

so he alerted LEDET personnel .

"After the LEDET confirmed it was

indeed a go-fast possibly carrying

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
drugs, I felt real proud, like I had

accomplished something,"

said Holme .

As soon as the ship investigated

however, the suspect vessel accelerated and. altered course . Hours later,

after a high-speed long-distance run

where the go-fast jettisoned cargo

along the way to gain speed and

maneuverability, John L. Hall joined

Crowmelin in the chase . The speedboat headed into territorial waters of

a nearby country and beached itself .

Authorities quickly apprehended

the crew.

Crommelin returned to where the

go-fast dumped contraband, but

due to nightfall were unable to

locate anything.

clean up the battlefield

"We tried everything we could

think of, but with the sea and the fact

that the bales were black, it was like

finding a needle in a haystack" said

Crommelin's LTJG Matthew Price.

"It felt like we were blind men,

but we continued to work through

the night as we knew we had a better

chance of seeing something in daylight," said OS2 Frank Moreno, also

of Crommelin . At first light, the crews indeed

went to work, and by the end of the

day, 79 cocaine bales were recovered,

worth an estimated street value of

more than $42 million dollars .

"Until this cruise, I hadn't really

thought about how heavily the drug

lords depended on the ocean for

transporting drugs north," said LTJG

Phillip Howard, of John L. Hall. "It

was good to see how strong of an

impact we made."

Without initial detection and pursuit by Cromwelin, and John L.

Hall's assistance, 1 .7 tons of cocaine

might have made it to America . As

others assume the mission and continue the ongoing war on drugs, a

high mark has been set to match .

However, with teamwork, anything

is possible, even putting a stop to the

illegal drug trade .

(U.S . Naval Forces Southern

Command public affairs and LTJG Matt

Price of Navy Region Hawaii public

affairs contributed to this article .)

The guided missile frigate USS Crommelin (FFG 37) returns to her homeport after a six-month deployment . During the deployment, Crommelin's crew stopped

an estimated $180 million dollars worth of narcotics from entering the United States. (File/JCC()

Summer 2003 www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4

41
W

bile conducting counternarcotics operations in

the Eastern Pacific Ocean

in March, USS Boone (PPG 28) spotted a 60-foot fishing boat displaying

no navigation lights and making no

headway. Officer of the deck FC2(SW) Elton

Evatt reported the vessel as dead in

the water with something appearing

amiss. The possibility existed this

was a logistical support vessel for

drug-running "go-fasts ."

"1 definitely wanted to investigate

this contact," said Evatt .

Relaying this information to his

conning officer, the frigate closed for

a. better look at the suspicious vessel .

These first few actions marked the

beginning of a four-day saga surrounding the fishing vessel

Challenger and the rescue of 160

Ecuadorian nationals .

With a broken main engine and

other problems, being adrift lay

near the bottom of the list of current

troubles for the castaways. Carrying

160 souls aboard a wayward vessel

can put a maximum strain on health

and relationships between all the

men, women and children, especially when powerless to overcome

these difficulties . The survivors'

relief arrived. i n the form of a U.S .

Navy warship suddenly coming

toward them .

Bootie Sailors and Coast

Guardsman from the embarked law

enforcement detachment (LEDET)

busily transferred the grateful

Ecuadorian; to the frigate .

From U .S . Naval Forces Southern Command public affairs

"As in most cases like this, the

passengers were ready to leave their

stranded vessel," said the LEDET

officer in charge, Coast Guard Ll')G

Heyward Silcox . "They had run out

of food and water and realized their

best option was to debark . When the

boarding team came alongside, the

passengers began gathering belongings to leave before we even offered ."

Bootie's crew conducted an inspection of Challenger and made alarming discoveries . Nearly 4,000 gallons

of water filled the main engine compartment. With watertight integrity

breached, the wooden-sided vessel

was on the verge of losing the battle

of staying buoyant . Living conditions

were inhumane and entirely unacceptable for 160 people. Under these

circumstances, Boone's skipper

decided to sink Challenger, as it

posed a hazard to safe navigation

while still afloat,

The responsibility to care and feed

160 additional passengers, who

boarded with little more than the

clothes on their backs, now fell

squarely on Boone Sailors as the

frigate transited to port. Medical personnel screened the sick and injured .

Supply department answered the call

with three hot meals a day, fresh

water and blankets . Repair division

rigged an ingenious toilet facility on

the forecastle complete with flushing

water and. total privacy. Volunteers

from all departments stood security

watches 24 hours a day until finally,

on the fourth day, the repatriated

Ecuadorians arrived home .

www.navy.mil / navpalib / cneo /n76

USS Boone (FFG 28) recently performed

one of the oldest traditions of mariners worldwide by assisting a stranded ship, crew and

passengers . While conducting counter-narcotics

operations in the Eastern Pacific Ocean Boone

spotted the 60-foot fishing vessel Challenger

which appeared to be dead in the water. After

investigating the situation, Boone Sailors discovered the ship was laden with 160

Ecuadorians who were in danger of going

down with their vessel . After bringing them

aboard, Boone returned them to port.

(PHI (AW) Michael Penderyrass/USN)

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
LrcOJ

n March, USS Crommelin (FFG

37) rescued several fishermen

found adrift at sea about 250

nautical miles from Central

America. When approached by the

frigate's helicopter, the fishermen

aboard Don Teo began gesturing

and signaling frantically.

"They were waving towels and

doing whatever they could to get our

attention," said Coast Guard MK3

Paul Rinta, a member of

Crommelin's embarked Coast Guard

law enforcement detachment and air

crewman . "We knew at once they

were in trouble."

Don ho's captain explained lie had

been underway for 10 days and adrift

for three of those days with no marine

Surnmer 2003

From U .S . Naval Forces Southern Command public affairs

T8~h

band radio to call for help . Crommelin

sent over ENC David Andrews, to

troubleshoot the engine and attempt

repairs, and HMI Timothy Hill to

assess the crew's health .

"They were suffering from a general state of dehydration and exposure to the sun," said Hill . "One

individual also had a deep cut that

was days old and needed to

be cleaned ."

After extensive troubleshooting,

Andrews discovered Don Teo had a

faulty fuel pump with no on-board

spare. As it is the philosophy of

mariners everywhere, and within

Navy regulations, not to leave fellow

mariners in distress and ultimately to

avoid loss of life at sea, Cromrelin's

Family and friends of the crew of USS Crommelin (FFG 37) greet the ship as it returns to Pearl Harbor.

This marked the end of a successful six-month deployment to U .S . Naval Forces Southern Command's area

of responsibility . Some of the feats accomplished by Crommelin on the cruise including lending assistance

to a fishing vessel found adrift 250 nautical miles from Central America and stopped $1$0 million dollars

of narcotics from reaching U .S . soil. (PH2 Dennis (antrell/USN)

www.navy.mil /n avpalib/ cno / n76

Ode

LFTJ W

crew proceeded to rig Don Teo for

towing to Ecuador.

"This was great. I look forward, to

helping those in need," said SN

Jeremy Ragon. "That is what being a

United States Sailor is all about -

helping out those who need it ."

Crommelin dropped off the grateful fallow mariners in Manta,

Ecuador, and enjoyed a welldeserved port visit.

"We were doing our job," said

13M3 Brandon Yenor. "Those people

would have been in serious trouble if

we had not assisted them. But that's

what the Navy does, what Sailors do

---- we assist those in need ."

If not for Crommelin stumbling

upon Don Teo adrift on the high seas,

the situation could have been much

worse. What appeared to be benign,

easily could have become just the

opposite . Don Teo had no radio to

call for help and they were adrift in

an area not frequented by merchant

shipping. Crommelin 's operations

specialists and quartermasters calculated that Don Ten's next landfall

would have been about 6,400 miles

away, putting it somewhere near

New Caledonia, and taken approximately 461 days to complete .

Just like in the war on drugs,

Cromm.elin's being in the right place

at the right time made all the difference in the world, or at least it did in

the case of these Ecuadorian fishermen's lives.

43

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 N
I I

can see clearly now the

rain is gone . I can see all

obstacles in my way."

Many of you may recall these lyrics

to Johnny Nash's 1972 hit, "1 Can See

Clearly Now."

Aboard the amphibious assault

ship USS Wasp (LHD 1) a few sailors

are actually seeing the late reggae

legend's words come to life . Thanks

to the ship's medical team and Naval

Medical Center Portsmouth's ophthalmology department, 30 poorsighted crew members improved

their eyes through laser vision

corrective surgery.

"I've been wanting this operation

since I was a kid," said 22-year-old

EW2(SW/AW) Travis White. "I've

been pretty much legally blind since

eighth grade. I hated wearing glasses .

When I first arrived in the operating

room, everything was completely

blurry. Within seconds of surgery, I

could see everything as if f. had my

glasses on . In a week, my vision

improved to 20/30 . And in two more

weeks, doctors predict I'll be seeing

20/20 or better!"

Other patients shared

similar experiences .

"Getting up from the surgery chair

was like going through a car wash,"

44

Ophthalmic technician John Corrigan adjusts the laser over a patient's left eye in preparation for surgery at the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Va . NMC

Portsmouth improved the vision of 30 USS W

(LHD 1) crew members through laser vision corrective surgery . (SM3(SW/AW) Derrick Ingle'/USN)

www.navy.mil/na

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
claimed MS2(SW/AW) Rachel

Correy. " It was as if they removed all

the dirt that has been . cluttering my

eyes for the past 30 years . My vision

is becoming clearer and sharper

every day. Since most of my work is

in the kitchen, I used to always

worry about my glasses fogging up

or my contacts drying out . I can honestly say I don't miss either ."

Two common types of laser surgical procedures the Navy performs are

photo refractive keratectomy (PRK)

and laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The procedure

used depends on levels of nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism,

or other conditions .

During PRK, a miniature brush

scrapes a sheer micro-millimeter

layer off the eye . The LASIK option

creates a flap in the corneal surface

area. Next, in both of these procedures, an excimer laser uses an ultraviolet wavelength beam of energy to

remove a small disc-shaped sliver of

the central cornea . The operation

may seem graphic and tedious, yet

patients report the exact opposite .

"You just stare at a red light and

in about 20 seconds you're done,

said White .

"The procedure is quick and painless . However, there is slight discomfort the next day . Your eyes are extra

sensitive and take about a week to

recover. Yet, I can't complain . I have. a

new set of eyes and it was all free .

Wasp's medical LC .PO and surgical coordinator HMC(SW/AW/SC:W)

Edwin Hanson, gave shipmates a

limited window to capitalize on a

deal so good, you had to see it to

believe it .

Summer 200

"We got a great deal with the ophthalmology coordinator at NMC

Portsmouth," confessed Hanson .

"The ship would be awarded 30 to 40

open slots, if I could find at ].east 30

candidates . 1 sent out a first-come,

first-serve note in the middle of 2002 .

By October's deadline, I had nearly

100 responses . I submitted 35 names

and by March 2003, 30 were treated .

The Navy picked tip the $90,000 tab .

This operation would run you at

least $3,000 at a civilian medical facility. Also, the waiting list is anywhere

from two to five years ."

With treatment to more than 2,500

patients in 2002, NMC Portsmouth

performed more laser surgeries than

any refractive center in the country.

In addition, with 3,000 people still on

the waiting list, they plan to keep up

the momentum.

"Refractive surgery is probably the

hardest appointment to get in Navy

medicine," explained NMC

Portsmouth surgery coordinator

Mary Mitchell. "We are only one of

four Navy medical centers that offer

this operation . There are more people

than we can accommodate . However,

we still intend to match last year's

numbers. Two years ago we

launched an idea called . 'Ship of the

Month,' which offered a certain number of surgery openings to selected

commands. I sent the message out to

the Atlantic Fleet. Before I knew it, I

had my calendar booked for the

entire year . It has been so successful

that we're up to two ships a month .

Our aim is to increase warfighting

capabilities . Now Wasp has 30 sailors

better equipped to do their job ."

Laser recipients admit that the

operation not only revolutionized

www.iiavy.mil/navpalib/cno/ n 6

By SM3(SW/AW) Derrick M . Ingle'

USS Wasp public affairs

a

their abilities at work, but also

improved their outlook on life.

"I feel so much better about

myself," said MA2(SW/AW) Amy

Markley. "I hated glasses and always ;

hid. behind contacts . People tell me

I've changed since the procedure .

They say my face glows now. Also, in

my rate, there is little room for handicaps. In an emergency response, I

don't have time to worry about losing my glasses or one of my contacts

falling out ."

Others share the same vision .

"The monkey is finally off my

back," said IT2(SW/AW) Kim

Correa . "I have a better sense of

self . I've worn glasses since I was a

toddler-from elementary to high

school-I was teased constantly.

Everything is so much clearer and

sharper. After being in 17 years,

I'm happy the Navy gave me

something to take with me long

after retirement ."

Is seeing truly believing? Wasp's

medical department and NMCP

helped a few crew members answer

that question . Thanks to laser su.rge_ry, 30 sailors drastically improved

their vision, became better assets to

the Navy, and have a greater perception of Nash's famous chorus, "It's

going to be a bright, bright, bright

sunshiny day.", -

Editor's Note: Laser vision corrective

surgerrt benefits mwii/ Sailors, but as

with all surgical procedures, search of-ut

all the facts and be sure to consult with

your local Navy medical professlcmah;

prior to seeking treatment"out iii tozon .

45

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
"t"hc No-oil I/in

; froth rr tradition and a

jritrrrrc'- - crirrl ri'i' look 'with Eirirlc aril

eotifidctteu' iii both ilrrri 11,01N . 11

ADM ( em-)/ ,c /liudc'i.'i ii, (.hicf of

Naoal ( :)i,s'ratiorrs, 1967 .

T

world has ever seen and naakrrag it better is the vision of the

Navy's "Revolution in Training."

Putting the best-prepared first-line

leaders on the front lines is the vision

of the Navy's Surface Warfare Officer

School (SWOS) located in Newport,

RA . To that end, the school reengineered the division officer course

(DOC) to create a more efficient and

effective method for preparing

tomorrow's surface warriors.

Looking back on tradition, the

school incorporates the best

aspects of the previous curriculum

into a computer-based course of

study, and serves as a prerequisite

for earning a Surface Warfare

Officer pin . The highly intensive

three-week residency program

builds on student shipboard experiences gained as junior officers in

the fleet . Using carefully modeled

simulators with virtual and mock

components, instructors recreate

the shipboard environment with

the most advanced training tools

available . However, not just the

curriculum is being retooled, the

approach to training is also

undergoing changes .

"We want to be able to assess not

only what our young officers know,

but how they will react in a variety of

46

uarters

SWOS embraces

A ENS Kristen Brick, training officer aboard USS Carney (DOG 64) and LT1G Soft Garcia, former strike

officer aboard USS Mobile Bay (C6 53) conduct a virtual underway replenishment in the Surface Warfare

Officer School's Conning Officer Virtual Environment trainer. (PHI Brien Aho/USN)

situations," said LT Matt Ped .erson,

Do(' reengineering team member .

l.n the past, candidates earned

their warfare qualifications on average 27 months after commissioning,

typically leaving only about five

months before transferring to their

next duty station . This training

process included a four-month stay

at SWOS and follow on billet specialty training (BST) before reporting

aboard their first command .

The initial 16-week residency program, included courses in basic eng inc'ering, damage control, division

officer administration, navigation,

and combat system,, . While the program provided an extensive knowlw ww.navy.mil/naavp,ilib/cno/n7 6

edge base, it did. not give candidates

the opportunity to apply that knowledge in a real-life situation .

Under the new program, potential

surface warriors should be in a position to earn their warfare qualifications between six and 15 months, and

report aboard their first ship before

attending any formal SWOS training .

"This gives our future surface warriors the opportunity to be a productive member of the ship's company

sooner," said Pederson, "First, they

are indoctrinated into the Navy

organization and the surface warfare

community more rapidly, and second,

it allows them to begin developing

critical leadership skills right away"

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 N
Strtainrer- 200

The at sea portion of the program

includes working with a mentor to

create an individual development

plan (Ill') that gives surface warfaree

candidates a distinct c1ualiticatio .n

timeline, while identify in,a specific

goals, and the resources available to

achieve theta .

"The ID P details what the candidate needs to learn and when they

are going to learn it, so full advantage can be taken of every opportunity to apply that knowledge," said

By JOl Jd Walter

Naval Personnel Development Command public affairs

( :APTI' David LalBarbera, SWOS division officer training director . "With

their mentor, and an idea of the

ship's s`. .ehschedule., the I)I_I will link the , ,

self-paced study and hands-on applicatienl to ensure proticiency as future

surface warriors,"

The program includes a series of

case studies, practical application,

and problem solving that require

spending; tinge investigating the

ship's operations and sy, sterns, and

interacting, with fellow division officers and department heads . In addition, the at-sea program uses elements of the basic officer leadership

course to provide candidates with the

core competencies required for

advanced training .

"'I hese kids want to lead," said

LaBarbera . "They come to the Navy

having spent the last b 'ears in a

classroom, they want the opportunity

to get their hands dirty, to prove the v

c:an contribute o sornething that is

very important ."

rnwvw.navy.inil /navpalih/cno/n76

U Charles Hampton, division officer course facilitator, assists ITJG Rick Tester, ordnance officer aboard USS Ford (FFG 54), as conning officer during a simulated

Arabian Gulf transit and mooring exercise . The Surface Warfare Officer School's pilot of their new division officer curriculum features state-of-the-art team trainers, as

well as individual virtual reality and traditional damage control team trainers as part of an intensive three-week residency course for potential Surface Warfare

Officers . (PHI Brie,, Aho/USN)

4

l

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 N
In redesigning the course, studentled seminars infused the schoolhouse

curriculum to capitalize on their

sharing experiences within the various platforms. having; six months to

a year of on-board experience allows

48

A ENS Kristen Brick, training officer aboard USS Carney (DOG 64), LTJG Peter Stroganow, ordnance

officer in USS Simpson (FFG 56), and ENS Joseph Klopfer, electronic warfare officer in USS Howard

(DDG 83), stand Command Information Center watch during the Surface Warfare Officer School Division

Officer Course pilot. State-of-the-art team trainers are just one featured aspect of the new division officer curriculum . (PHI Brien Aho/USN)

students to bring real-life variables to

the scenarios assessed in class . To

promote information exchange,

classes form wardrooms of 10 to 12

students each that will work together

through all scenarios and simulation

www.navy.mil/navpalib/ciio/n76

exercises . Like an underway wardroom, the students rotate positions

during various evolutions, giving

them further opportunity to

share experiences .

"The wardroom design is critical

to the success of the new program,"

said LT,JG Sofi Garcia, former strike

officer aboard USS Mob le Said (CG

53) and a 2000 graduate of the old

DC)(,' program. "It provides students

not only the expert perspective from

the facilitators, but also that of the

junior officers that are coming

straight from those environments ."

To reduce training requirement

redundancies, the at-sea curriculum

links directly to initial personnel

qualification standards ("QS) requirements. Modules within the computer-based. program directly

correlate to qualifications in basic

damage control, engineering, officer

of the deck in port, 3M division officer, small boat officer, and command

information center watch officer. The

composite ot: successful completion

of these PC )S requirements earns

student officer of the deck underway

qualifications, a major step in becoming surface warfare officer qualified .

"The at-sea curriculum leverages

the shipboard environment while

building a foundation of fundamentals and theory that will allow our

surface warriors to achieve their very

best," said LCUR Frank Rosario,

l)O( reengineering team leader. "It

gives then the chance to see, touch,

taste, and feel what being a surface

warrior is all about, instead of just

hearing about it ."

With the new program, the ship

becomes the primary learning environnient, while the three-week residency course reinforces the

proficiencies gained at sea . In addition, earning qualifications while

gaining valuable hands-on experionce makes these soon-to-be surtace

warriors productive members of

Surface warfrare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
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Summer 2003 Vol . 28 N
Quarters

FOCUSED-MISSION

ship helps chart course for future Navy

C

urrently, six industry concept studies look to help the

Navy define future requirements of a focused-mission, multicapable, high-speed ship that can

perform a variety of missions .

Naval Sea Systems Command

recently awarded six $500,000 contracts to perform 90-day concept

studies that will explore a range of

approaches toward defining future

ships . These studies will further

refine the Navy's requirements and

knowledge of technology options for

the proposed Littoral Combat Ship

(LCS) and other future ship classes .

According to RDML Charles

Hamilton, deputy program executive

officer for Ships, the contractors were

asked to develop a concept for a ship

designed to counter three specific

threats --- diesel submarines operating; in the littorals; fast, armed small

craft; and mines .

"Each of these threats provides

unique challenges in providing

access for Naval forces as we move

into different operating theaters,"

said Hamilton . "We want to serve

that niche market with a specific

class of ships to respond to those

specific threats ."

I-larnilton envisions a focused-mission ship that has a displacement

between 1,000-4,000 tons and a draft

of less than 20 feet (compared to a

Flight IIA Arleigh Burke-class

destroyer displacing about 9,200 tons

and 31 .9-toot draft) . A focused-rnission ship would also employ a nontraditional hull shape and. be capable

of speeds up to 40-50 knots .

A significant feature of the LCS is

its ability to employ modular mission packages, or modules that are

52

easily added and removed from the

ship to support specific missions .

These modules would include specialty crew detachments that would

deploy with the ship to support their

specific mission .,

"For example,i if there were an

anti-surface warfare module with

rigid-hull inflatable boats and sensor

packages, the people best trained to

use that equipment and support that

mission would come as part of a

detachment, serve with that particular module and then rotate back [to

their base or squadron] when the

mission ended," Hamilton explained .

Once the studies are complete, the

Navy plans to use the results, along

with data collected from other experiments, to solicit up to three preliminary designs for LCS .

Hamilton says the designs would

focus on speed and payload capabilities, while investigating new ways to

build the ship hulls or platforms in

the most cost-effective manner . And

they would play key roles in all three

components of the Chief of Naval

By JOC David Nagle

Naval Sea Systems Command public affairs

Operations' vision for "Sea Power

21" - Sea Strike, Sea Shield, and Sea

Basing, according to Hamilton .

"Sea Power 21 is about the application of power in ways we have

never done before, using different

deployment packages and different

ways to project power," said

Hamilton. "A focused-mission ship

will play a part in Sea Shield by providing assured access through its

mine and littoral warfare capabilities .

It will have a part in Sea Basing as a

newer element for joint mobility and

sustainment, and in Sea Strike by

providing persistent intelligence., surveillance and reconnaissance to joint

forces for power projection ."

Hamilton added that the recentlyawarded ship concept studies set the

Navy on a course not only to craft

the capabilities for LCS, but also to

assist in shaping the 21st century

Navy. "This is an exciting time for

the Navy," he said . "I'm looking forward to the best minds in industry

and in the armed forces to help in

this endeavor." ,_44v Arrr

V Joint Venture, High Speed Vessel Experimental One (HSV X1) transports various different warfare groups

participating in a Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) training evolution in support of Operation Iraqi

Freedom. HSV-X I, is one of a number of vessels with which the Navy has explored advanced marine vehicle

design concepts and put them to use in an operational test environment. (PH2(AW) Michael Pusnik Jr./USN)

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76 Surface War fare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Summer

2003

USS Princeton reunites World War II

Frificelon Sailor with fallen shipmates

N

early 60 years after the

carrier USS Princeton

(CVL 23) sank at the Battle

of Leyte Gulf, one of its survivors, the late LT Kenneth

Colby, was finally reunited

with his shipmates in a solemn

burial at sea ceremony aboard

USS Princeton (CG 59). While en route to war in the

Arabian Gulf, the crew of the

guided-missile cruiser paused

March 26 to salute a shipmate

of the "greatest generation"

and committed the earthly

remains of C olby to the sea in

the vicinity of where the fourth

ship to bear the name

Princeton sank.

The fourth USS Princeton

was originally laid down as

Tallahassee (CL 61) by New

York Shipbuilding Corp.,

Camden, N.J ., June 2, 1941 ;

reclassified (CV 23) Feb . 16,

1942 ; renamed Princeton

March 31,1942; launched Oct .

18, 1942, sponsored by Mrs .

irmingham (CL 62) fighting fires alongside USS Princeton (CVL 23) .

(iel USN)

Harold Dodds, and was commissioned at Philadelphia Feb .

25, 1943, with CAPT George

Henderson in command .

Following shakedown

cruise in the Caribbean, and a

second reclassification (to CVL

23) July 15, 1943, Princeton,

with Air Group 23 embarked,

got underway for the Pacific .

Princeton sortied with TF 11

Aug. 25, and headed for Baker

Island serving as flagship for

CTG 11 .2 and providing air

cover during the occupation of

the island and the construction

of an airfield Sept . 1-14, 1943 . During that time, Princeton's

planes downed Japanese

"Emily" reconnaissance planes

and, more importantly, furnished the fleet with photographs of them .

Landings at Dulag and San

Pedro Bay, Leyte, occurred Oct .

20, 1944. Princeton, in TG 38 .3,

cruised off Luzon as planes

struck Japanese airfields

www.navy.mi.l/navpalib/,cnoi n/6

preventing land-based aircraft

attacks on Allied ships massed

in Le yte Gulf . On Oct . 24, however, enemy planes from Clark

and Nichols fields found TG

38.3 and reciprocated . Shortly

before 1.0 a .m ., a lone enemy

dive-bomber came out of the

clouds above Princeton . At

1500 feet, the pilot released his

bomb. It hit between the elevators, crashed through the flight

deck and hangar, and

exploded . Initial fires soon

spread as more explosions sent

black smoke rolling off the

deck and red flames dancing

along the sides from the island

to the stern . Covering vessels

provided rescue and fire-fighting assistance and shielded the

stricken carrier from further

attack. At 3 :24 p.m., another,

much heavier explosion, possibly the bomb. magazine, blew

off the carrier's stern and with

it the after flightdeck . USS

Birmingham (CL 62), alongside

to fight fires, suffered heavy

damage and casualties.

Efforts to save Princeton

continued, but by 4 p.m ., the

fires won. Boats took remaining personnel to safety . Shortly

after 5 p.m., USS Irwin (DD

794) fired torpedoes at the

burning hulk . USS Reno (CL

96) relieved. Irwin 40 minutes

later and at 5 ;46 p.m., the last,

and biggest, explosion

occurred. Flames and debris

shot up 1000-2000 feet .

Princeton's forward scrtieal

was gone, while the afk'r

tion appeared briefl \ tl m i i

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
the smoke. By 5 :50 p.m., Princeton

had disappeared . However, 1,361

Sailors survived . Included in that

number was Colby and one CAPT

John M. Hoskins, who had been

prospective Commanding Officer of

CVL 23 and lost his right foot in the

attack, but who, despite the loss,

would become the first

Commanding Officer of the fifth USS

Princeton (CV 37) . At the same morning hour a

Japanese bomber attacked the carrier

Princeton in 1944, the present day

crew of the cruiser Princeton assembled and bowed their heads in

prayer as a 48-star U.S. flag, an heirloom of Colby's family, was lowered

to half-mast.

The losses and damage accruing

that fateful day nearly 60 years ago

included: Birmingham 85 killed, 300

wounded, heavily damaged topside,

and loss of two five-inch, two

40mm, and two 20mm guns ;

Morrison (DD 560) lost foremast,

smashed portside; Irwin forward

five-inch gun mounts and director

out, smashed starboard side; and

Reno one 40mm gun smashed.

Editor's Note: Information above

taken. from CVL-23 ship's history,

the "Dicti.ona.rj of American Naval

-'ighting Ships," Vol .V (1979), Pages

-4-385, and a submission from ENS

)e ;emy Boback of LISS Princeton

public affairs .

r USS Princeton ((G 59), the sixth ship to bear the

name, took time to honor a former ship and shipmate . The

late LT Kenneth Colby was reunited finally with his shipmates

from USS Princeton ((VL 23) in a solemn burial at sea . A

Japanese dive-bomber sent the light carrier to the ocean

floor in 1944. (PH2 Michael Pusnik/USN)

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No .
USS Wrap (LHD 1) crew members do a double

take when seeing the Jordan twins Akwette and

Anyika for the first time . Even their own family members find it hard to distinguish between the two Sailors

from Maryland . (SM3(SW/A W) Derrick Ingle''USN)

h ink back to the last time you

did a double take . Did you

look twice because you did

not believe your eyes, or because it

was so amazing, you had to get

another look?

Aboard the amphibious assault ship

USS Wasp (I .HD 1), repeating that first

look may very well leave you seeing

double. Identical twin brothers AN

Akwette Jordan and AN Anyika

Jordan, 19, share not only the same

genes and features but also the same

ship and department . Through devoted

servitude and family ties, they illustrate

the tnie meaning of brotherly love .

"They've always clinged to each

other," said the twins' mother Ann

Marie Jordan, a native of Cheverly,

Md. "Even when they were infants

they couldn't stand to be away from

each other. Their schoolteachers

wanted to separate them . However, I

would argue they function better

together. They even talk and laugh at

the same time . As long as they stay

united, I know they'll be successful ."

56

Between finishing each other's

sentences and having the same deep

voice, the Jordans seem more like

products of human cloning than siblings . Even loved ones report "deciphering who's who is confusing ."

"1 still have a hard time figuring

out which one I'm talking to on the

phone," Mrs. Jordan explained . "I tell

them to announce their names before

talking. When they were younger, 1

used to make them wear ID bands .

Growing up I never wanted them to

wear identical clothes or even have

the same haircut . I raised them to be

individuals . Surprisingly they still

ended up being just alike ."

Among those likenesses was the

joint decision to venture into a field

that would change their lives for the

next four years .

"I joined the Navy because I

wanted to be a part of the National

Guard drill team," said Anyika . "I

was interested in the military because

I did four years of JROTC in high

school. I spent five months under the

delayed entry program . During this

time, my brother decided to join me ."

Akwettee elaborates further.

"1 also wanted to be a part of the

drill team, yet if my brother didn't

join, then I wouldn't have either," confessed Akwette . "Also I didn't want to

see him go through it alone. I was not

only concerned with him leaving for

the Navy, but leaving me as well ."

Initial entry into the Navy kept the

Jordans united . However, when time

came for permanent duty station

assignments, detailers were skeptical

to send the brothers together .

"Our detailer told us there was 'no

way' he'd station us at the same command," said Anyika . "Surprisingly,

we both ended up getting orders to

www.navy.rnil / .navpalib/cno/n76

By SM3 (SW/AW) Derrick M . Ingle'

USS Wasp public affairs

Wasp. Because of the similarities in

social security numbers, we figured

someone probably had mistaken us

for the same person . At first we were

disappointed because we got orders

to a ship instead of a squadron ; however, at least we're together . I can't

see myself doing anything alone.

We've been through boot camp,

apprenticeship training, and now

we're working in the same division .

We're still new (to the Navy), so

we're sharing our ups and downs of

Navy life together ."

On the outside, both jordans

appear to be exact duplicates ; however, their core personalities are anything but identical . "My brother is a real hard-head,"

Anyika said . "That's where we

differ. He's aggressive, snappy and

quick-tempered. ."

Sibling rivalry ignites spontaneously as the other twin responds .

"He only says that because he's a

softy," Akwette said, laughing . "He's

passive and bottles up all his emotions . He is definitely the sensitive

one. Yet this contrast balances us out .

I'm a bit impulsive . Whenever I'm

about to do something that will get

me in trouble, lie calms one down . He.

neutralizes the potential incident by

getting me to think before I act ."

This winter both brothers plan to

advance together even further by submitting packages to work with the

Seabees as construction electricians .

"Am I my brother's keeper?" For

the Jordan twins, the answer is yes.

Their story is an example of how

blood is thicker than water, and why

repeating that first glance may leave

you seeing double, at least in Wasp.

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
n April an improbable reunion

occurred aboard USS Constellation

(CV 64) between two identical twin

brothers, both Navy commanders,

who had not seen each other in

almost a year .

CDR Frank Hruska, USS Chosin

(CG 65) supply department head,

and LCDR James Hruska, operations

department staff member of

Commander Cruiser Destroyer

Group (CCDG) I embarked in

Constellation, took a few quick

moments to "catch-up on news ."

Chosin deployed from their Pearl.

Harbor home port in early March

and has just arrived on station in the

Northern Arabian Gulf .

Constellation deployed from their

San Diego homeport Nov. 2 and has

been on station in the Arabian Gulf

since Dec . 17 supporting Operations

Southern Watch, Enduring Freedom,

and most recently Iraqi Freedom .

Chosin assumed duties as

Constellation's local air defense ship

or "shot-gun" April 9, allowing the

chance encounter to take place during

a regularly scheduled turnover brief .

Born May -16,1965, in East Islip, a

town situated on Long Island, N.Y.,

Frank is a mere 12 minutes older

than brother James . Growing up

together in New York, the twins both

ran cross country and track, typically

spending many hours each day

together. At graduation, however, the

twins went their separate ways .

Frank attended Hofstra University,

obtaining his commission in 1988

through Officer Candidate School,

while James attended Boston

University and earned a commission

in 1987 through the school's Reserve

Officer's Training Corps program .

Suinlrner 2003

Since they entered the service as

ensigns 16 years ago, the Hruska twins

have never been stationed together.

With both commanders serving in

multiple roles at sea during their

respective careers, their operational

schedules have found them on separate

coasts and continents over the years .

"It has been eight years since we

were both home together in New

York," commented James . "Stationed

on opposite coasts, and on two occasions a different continent, with historically opposing deployment

schedules, spending time together

has been difficult to say the least .

That makes this visit today even

more special ."

When the two brothers each return

to their home ports of San Diego and

Pearl Harbor later this year, Frank

will move on to his next duty station

in Virginia Beach, Va., while James

remains in San Diego . Once again,

the twins will be on opposite coasts .

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/1176

By LT Amy Morrison

USS Constellation public affairs

Despite infrequent visits, the

fIruska brothers stay connected to

each other, as well as to their families

back home and to their mother,

Elizabeth Hruska, through email .

Elizabeth, a homemaker living in

East [slip, has been following world

events by watching the news frequently. Frank said that while their

mother is always concerned, she

understands why they are out here :

"A mother's worst nightmare is also

her proudest moment."

Asked separately about Operation

Iraqi Freedom, both Frank and James

responded identically, "This is the

right thing to do . America has a

moral obligation to liberate the Iraqi

people so that they can enjoy the

same right to freedom that others

around the world do ."

Two twin brothers, both Navy

commanders, on two Navy ships,

serve one purpose : to liberate the

Iraqi people . :-

LCDR James Hruska, operations deportment staff member of Commander Cruiser Destroyer Group

1, shares a few quick moments with his twin brother CDR Frank Hruska, USS Chosin ((G 65) supply

officer, to catch up on news while aboard USS Constellation ((V 64) . (USS Constellation/USN)

57

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
n March, the crew of USS Shiloh

(CG 67) witnessed the raising of

the Silver Cutlass pennant, signifying completion of the demanding

Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist

(ESWS) qualification by all eligible

Sailors . After Command Master

Chief (SW) Darlene Lovell raised

the pennant on the forward mast,

six new "Surface Warriors" received

their new ESWS pins, bringing the

total to 130 during Shiloh's

extended deployment .

To fly the Silver Cutlass, a ship

must have all second-class petty officers and above who have been

onboard for 18 months or more earn

the ESWS qualification, Shiloh has

not stopped there . Shiloh Sailors

have taken advantage of the

extended deployment to earn their

ESWS pins and other qualifications .

Beyond being a rewarding accomplishment, it helps them see beyond

their own jobs and watch stations to

understand what goes on in all areas

and operations of the ship . As the

most recent cruise progressed, many

of Shiloh's junior Sailors had the

opportunity to qualify as well . In

addition to those second class petty

officers who are required to earn

their pin, more than 30 third class

petty officers ESWS qualified this

deployment, as well as five seamen

and firemen.

Shiloh's chief petty officers administer the ESWS program, which is

open to all enlisted personnel . The

58

Chief's Mess has increased its role in

the program during the current

deployment, resulting in a large

number of qualifications . The goal of

the ESWS program, which includes

daily training lectures by subject matter experts, is to make Sailors more

knowledgeable of the ship's capabilities and limitations, as well as

increase their ability to assist in combating casualties . The ESWS qualification also provides a motivation for

Sailors to get out and learn about

what goes on all around the ship.

This process includes interacting

with senior personnel from outside

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

By ENS Dave Banschbach

USS Shiloh public affairs officer

Sailor's own department

and workspace .

The qualification process for

Shiloh Sailors is demanding, of

course, and takes several months to

accomplish. It consists of a complete

series of Personnel Qualification

Standards (PQS), which require the

candidate to seek out knowledge

from qualified experts throughout

the ship, and work in a variety of different areas supporting the ship's

mission . These PQS requirements

include Advanced Damage Control,

Division Damage Control Petty

Officer, Ship's Maintenance and

Surface Warriors assigned to the Tomahawk Strike Team aboard USS Shiloh ((G 67) man their consoles in the Combat Information Center during a Tomahawk drill one day before Operation Iraqi Freedom .

Through constant training and programs like the Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist qualification, the crew

of Shiloh was ready to carry out their orders swiftly . (PH2 Bob Houlihan/USN)

r

nant.

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
The guided missile cruiser USS Shiloh (CG 67) makes her way into her berth at Naval Station San Diego at the end of a nearly 10-month deployment

in the Arabian Gulf. During Shiloh's extended deployment, 130 Sailors earned the Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist qualification, conferring the ship

with the Silver Cutlass pennant . (PH3 Juan Diaz/USN) Materials Management System (3M),

and Safety Programs Afloat . The

ESWS qualification standard consists

of a series of observations of many

different routine and special evolutions conducted throughout the ship

- from deck evolutions, to engineering casualty control drills, to

weapons exercises .

After consulting with qualified

experts on each topic in their PQS

Manual, a written examination tests

the candidate's fundamental knowledge and readiness for qualification

boards. Prior to the final board

before members of the Chief's Mess,

the candidate seeks out ESWS-qualified first class petty officers in the

areas of Combat Systems, Damage

Control, Operations, Engineering,

Deck Seamanship,

Navigation/Administration, and

Supply. These specialists test the candidate's knowledge to determine

their readiness for the final board, as

Summer 2003

well as to help identify any areas that

can be improved .

One Chief Petty Officer from each

of the seven major areas sits on the

board, presided over by the

Command Master Chief . Sailors go to

ESWS boards in groups of two to

four at a time, often in groups who

have gone through the written exam

and pre-boards together. If the board

deems the candidate's knowledge to

be sufficient, they pass the board and

receive their pin ; many Sailors pass

the board with "look-ups," certain

items they still must learn and

demonstrate prior to final qualification by the Command Master Chief .

All this hard work pays off at an

ESWS pinning ceremony, which averaged about once a week (during the

deployment). The new Surface

Warriors receive a certificate from the

Commanding Officer and a silver

cutlass insignia, pinned on by their

sponsor, a previously qualified ESWS

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

sailor. Following a blessing from the

Chaplain, the new Surface Warrior

Sailors are "baptized" with seawater,

reminiscent of the naval tradition of

"tarnishing" new insignia to help disguise newly promoted personnel

from those with more experience .

This dousing is symbolic of the

Sailors' transition to a new level of

seagoing professionalism .

This process has recurred 130

times in the last eight months of their

deployment, through the hard work

of many Shiloh Sailors and the continued dedication of the Chief's Mess

to qualify all Shiloh Sailors. There are

several junior Sailors still working on

achieving this important career milestone, striving to continue in

"Making Excellence a Tradition" on

the Navy's finest cruiser .

59
USS Arthur W. Radford

decommissions, tests DD(X)

60

A USS Arthur W. Radford (DD 968), a Sguance-class destroyer, was recently decommissioned and became a test platform for DD(X) . (PH3 Summer Anderson/USN)

r 1 he Spruance-class destroyer USS Arthur W Radford (DD

968) was decommissioned in a ceremony March 18 at

Naval Station Norfolk, Va. While a "decom" would normally end most U .S . Navy ships' active life cycle, Naval Sea

Systems Command (NAVSEA) is now preparing Radford to serve

as the test platform for the Navy's future destroyer, DD(X) .

"This is great . It's not really an end, but a beginning of something new and better for the Navy," said CDR Henry Smith, Arthur

W. Radford's last Commanding Officer.

Six hours after the ceremony, NAVSEA Inactive Ships

Maintenance Office towed the former Radford to Philadelphia .

Some of the technology that will be installed includes three engineering development models comprised of an integrated power

system, composite deckhouse and dual band radar. The integrated

power system will allow rapid reconfiguration of power, reduced

acoustic noise, and greater flexibility in ship design, according to

David Caskey, spokesman for NAVSEA .

Radford will begin making the conversion in fall of 2004 and will

take approximately one year to complete . Once Arthur W. Radford

is converted, at-sea testing will begin in the Gulf of Mexico, Virginia

Capes and Bahamas operating and evaluation areas.

New Self Defense

Test Ship delivered

I

n a pier-side ceremony March 27, Naval

Surface Warfare Center Port Hueneme

Division accepted the decommissioned

USS Paul F. Foster (DD 964) as the Navy's

new Self Defense Test Ship (SDTS) .

Port Hueneme will install up-to-date technological and weapons systems, and numerous remote capabilities in the former Foster. The ship will begin service as SDTS by fiscal

year 2005, at Port Hueneme and on the waters

of the Pacific Sea Test Range .

Foster is part of a program that has proven

its efficiency by providing the most realistic

combat scenarios for test events, while leaving

ships and their Sailors available to the fleet to

perform normal duties. The remote-controlled

ship provides a flexible test platform, free

from the safety constraints and in-port problems associated with manned ships, and alleviates the impact that scheduling difficulties

have on fleet assets .

During a typical live-fire test, the installed

combat or weapon system being tested

responds to various threats launched at SDTS

and defends the ship . A decoy barge pulled

150 feet behind the unmanned SDTS acts as

the actual target of the predetermined attack,

protecting the ship and its assets . The attacks

provide opportunities to assess the responsiveness and success of on-board systems .

Naval Air Systems Command's Weapons

Division at Point Mugu, Calif ., performs the

navigation and Port Hueneme Division's

Surface Warfare Engineering Facility controls

combat systems .

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n7 6

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
New Expeditionary Strike Groups to set sail

Repair program saves time, money ; boosts readiness

Summer 2003

www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

r 1 he Pacific Fleet is conducting a pilot deployment that hopes

to add teeth and firepower to an already potent NavyMarine Corps fighting team .

An expeditionary strike group (ESG), centered around USS

Peleliu (LHA 5), will provide surface and submarine force war

fighting capability to the traditional amphibious ready group

(ARG). The concept is a part of the Chief of Naval Operations'

Sea Power 21 .

"The need for expeditionary strike groups arose last fall during

the global war on terrorism, when Atlantic Fleet's amphibious

ready group, USS Bataan (LHD 5) ARG, needed surface warfare

capability and was joined by surface combatants . This encouraged

pilot deployments for the ESGs," said ADM Walter Doran, Pacific

Fleet Commander.

ESGs would enable the fleets to cover more parts of the world

effectively, providing highly mobile, self-sustaining forces that are

able to undertake missions across the entire spectrum of operations .

Currently, ARGs include an amphibious assault ship with an embarked Marine expeditionary unit (MEU), a dock

landing ship and an amphibious transport dock .

The Peleliu ESG will be comprised of the ship and its MEU, USS Dubuque (LPD 8), USS Germantown (LSD 42),

cruiser USS Port Royal (CG 73), destroyer i1SS Decatur (DDG 73), frigate USS Jarrett (FFG 33) and submarine USS

Topeka (SSN 754). An Atlantic Fleet ESG will also deploy next year . The Pacific and Atlantic Fleets' ESG deployments have fundamental

differences . Doran said the experiments look different on each coast, the Pacific ESG having a flag officer in command

with an operational staff, allowing the opportunity to compare and learn from two different approaches .

A USS Peleliu (LHA 5) anchors for well deck operations and

flight quarters . Peleliu is the command ship for the first expeditionary strike group (ESG). By adding surface ships and submarines, ESGs will further extend the ability of the amphibious

Navy. (PH3 Ryan Kitchell/USN)

JA

Naval Sea Syste s Co and (NAVSEA) managed program

for repairing shipboard circuit cards and electronic modules

both reaps benefits for the Navy and keeps the fleet

operationally ready,

The Miniature/Microminiature Module Test and Repair (2M-MTR)

program establishes structured work centers aboard most surface

ships and many shore intermediate maintenance facilities to repair

circuit card assemblies and electronic modules, eliminating the need

to send many failed circuit cards to a depot maintenance facility.

The 2M-MTR Program also helps repair many expensive circuit

i;. . .

cards and modules typically designated as consumables, many of

A STG2(SW) Tychicus Jefferson repairs an electronic circuit card

which are not stocked in ships' storerooms . Frequently mission criti- during his Microminiature Repair class . A Naval Sea Systems

cal systems are restored to full operational capability quickly when Command managed program trains Sailors to repair individual

non-stocked cards are repaired . components on electronic circuit cards previously discarded when

The NAVSEA 2M-MTR program set a record for completed malfunctioning . (PH2 Casey Hutchens/USN)

repairs during the first quarter of fiscal year 2003 . 2M-MTR work

centers during the first quarter repaired 2,473 circuit cards and electronic modules, which averted or corrected 237

casualty reports and resulted in an $8 .5 million cost avoidance .

Since October 1997, Navy commands outfitted by NAVSEA's 2M-MTR program completed 48,719 2M repairs, which

resulted in 4,199 casualty reports averted or corrected, and a cost avoidance of more than $155 million .

61

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
The amphibious assault ships of Task Force 51 steam together in an unprecedented formation during operations in the Northern Arabian Gulf . This marked

the first time that six large deck amphibious ships from the East and West Coasts

deployed together to one area of operations . Led by the flagship USS Tarawa

(LHA 1), the ships (L-R) include USS Kearsarge (LHD 3) and USS Saipan (LHA

2); followed by USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6), USS Bataan (LHD 5) and

USS Boxer (LHD 4) in the third row . Commander, Task Force 51 led Naval

amphibious forces in the Arabian Gulf region during Operation Iraqi Freedom .

The 32 ships of Task Force 51 comprised the largest amphibious force assembled

since the Inchon landing during the Korean War. (PH( Tom Daily/USN)

62

www.navy.mil/niavpia1ib/cno/n7 6

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 N
Sailors from USS Oak Hill

(LSD 51) in New York for Fleet

Week 2003, pay tribute to the

fallen at the Vietnam Wall

Experience, a traveling copy of

the Vietnam War Memorial in

Washington DC. (102 Brandon

Schulze/USN)

Amphibious Task Force-West steams in formation in the Arabian Gulf . The Task Force departed

San Diego Jan . 17 and arrived in the Northern Arabian Gulf in February to join a larger amphibious

force that brought together 33,000 Sailors, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen to the region . Stationed

in the Arabian Gulf during Operation Iraqi Freedom, the ships of ATF West provided critical support to

the ground troops of the U .S. and coalition forces that pressed into southern Iraq and then north

towards Baghdad . More than 30 aircraft and a dozen landing craft based aboard these ships conducted daily and nightly combat and logistics missions in support of their ground farces .

Top row : USS Cleveland (LPD 7); USS Pearl Harbor (LSD 52) ; USS Comstock (LSD 45); USS

Dubuque (LPD 8) . (enter : USNS Guadalupe (T-AO 200) . Bottom row: USS Boxer (LHD 4) ; USS

Anchorage (LSD 36) ; and USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6) . (PH2(AW) Jennifer Swader/USN)

Siiriiliiei' 2003www.itavy.mil/iiavpalib/cilo/ii76

We encourage your submission of

photographs for publication in this

recurring section of the magazine .

Submissions may be sent as prints,

transparencies, or electronic files ( .jpg

or .tiff format at a minimum size of 5x7

inches at 266 dpi --- 300 dpi is preferred) .

Address your submissions to :

Surface Warfare

"Views from the Fleet"

OPNAV N761M

2000 Navy Pentagon

Washington, DC 20350-2000

Photos sent as attachments to

e-mail should be sent to :

surfwarmag@navy.miL .

63

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 N
64 www.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n76

How expert are you at identifying surface combatants from foreign navies? Can you tell whether a ship on the horizon

is an ally or any enemy? It's tune to test your ship identification skills . How about all of you manning the "big eyes" take a

look at the ship pictured below and let us know what type of vessel it is, its name, and what nation operates it .

Send your entry to z, -t .~ . with Ship Shape in the subject line. Be sure to include your rate, name, and

ship or unit of assignment, and a current mailing address . The first individual to

provide the correct information will receive recognition in the next issue of Surface

Warfare and a token of our esteem for your professional knowledge!

The token, a coin from Commander, Naval Surface Warfare Center, goes to

PN3(SW) Oscar Gonzalez of Personnel Support Detachment Ingleside, Texas . He was

the first to provide us with the correct answer for our previous issue's Ship Shape .

"The ship featured in your Spring 2003 Ship Shape is the Qingdao (DDG 113)

a Chinese Luhu-class guided-missile destroyer, and is the second in its class,"

said Goncale via e-mail. "I remembered it from surfing the web a while ago,

People's Liberation Army (Chinese Navy) Navy)

looking at different countries' navies . What grabbed my attention was their rand

(?mgdao (D 113), a pshu-class guided missile

estroyer. (PHI Jim Hamphire/USN)

tail - the way it has those holes on the hull - that's when it became familiar; then

I went back to the same pages until I found the ship ."

This ship was purchased from the United States in September 1996, and commissioned in this country's navy in early 1997 . The ship went

through a comprehensive conversion, receiving numerous equipment upgrades for her new role . What ship is this, what type/class, and what

nation does it serve today? (File photo)

Surface Warfare

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
l~lrg#ksfaW a#.4f 141MA

~;fftes

Y Entertainer Bob Hope tees-off on the flight dock

aboard the aircraft carrier USS Tkonderoga (NA 14)

December 26, 1965, during his visit to the carrier off

the coast of Vietnam ., Bob Hope and other entertainers

were on a thristmas Tour of U .S. Military installations

throughout Vietnam . (USN)

"Generations of Sailors and Marines and their families join me and every man and woman serving in uniform in

mourning the loss of Bob Hope . Bob Hope was more than an entertainer, he is and will always be an American icon .

Over more than half a century, he brought smiles to young and old, from fresh-faced recruits to grizled combat veterans around the world. His service and life are legendary, and we will miss him .

Our prayers and sympathies go out to his family, and to Bob we say, 'Thanks for the memories .' May God bless

Bob and his family."

- The Honorable Hansford T. Johnson, Acting Secretary of the Navy

Summer 2003 Vol . 28 No . 4
Summer 2003 Vol . 28 N . 4