### APPENDIX 7-D. WEATHER DATA AND TEMPERATURE PARAMETERS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

7-D.1 INTRODUCTION

.................................................................................................... D-1 7-D.2 OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE DERIVATION

....................................................... D-1 7.D.2.2 Imputation Method

.................................................................................. D-3

LIST OF TABLES

Table 7-D.2.1 Weather Station Data

.............................................................................. D-4 Table 7-D.2.2 Sample RECS Household Matches

....................................................... D-10

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 7-D.2.1 Heating Degree Days (HDD) Compared to Mean Temperature

............ D-2 Figure 7-D.2.2 Cooling Degree Days (CDD) Compared to Mean Temperature

............ D-2 Figure 7-D.2.3 Heating Degree Days (HDD) Compared to Imputed Mean Temperature Values

................................................................................ D-3 Figure 7-D.2.4 Cooling Degree Days (CDD) Compared to Imputed Mean Temperature Values

................................................................................ D-4

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### APPENDIX 7-D.WEATHER DATA AND TEMPERATURE PARAMETERS

7-D.1 INTRODUCTION

To facilitate more precise analyses, DOE matched RECS households with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather station locations. This match allowed DOE to determine monthly cooling and heating degree-days, compared to the yearly averages available from the RECS survey. These values were used for a variety of purposes.

7-D.2 OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE DERIVATION

RECS 2005 provides yearly averages for heating and cooling degree-days but no data on a monthly scale. To find more precise temperature information for the households in the RECS sample, DOE developed an approach to assign a physical location to each RECS household. The following steps were performed:

1. DOE assembled weather data from 282 weather stations that provide annual average outdoor air temperatures. 1, 2 

### The annual average outdoor air temperatures represent 30­ year averages. DOE also gathered the heating and cooling degree-days at base

3 

### temperature 65 o 

### F for year 2005 for these weather stations. The 2005 heating and cooling degree days match the period used to determine the degree-days in RECS 2005. 2. RECS reports both heating degree-days (HDD) and cooling degree-days (CDD) to base temperature 65 o 

### F for each housing record. DOE assigned each RECS household to one of the 282 weather stations by calculating which weather station (within the appropriate census region or large state) gave the best linear least squares fit of the RECS data to the weather data.

Figures 7-D.2.1 and 7-D.2.2 show the relationship between the gathered mean temperature values and the HDD and CDD values.

D-190Mean Temperature (Fo)Mean Temperature (Fo) 80

70 y = -0.0037x + 72.299 R2 = 0.9734 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 Heating Degree Days (HDD)



### Figure 7-D.2.1	 Heating Degree Days (HDD) Compared to Mean Temperature

90

80

70

60

50

30 40 y = 0.0089x + 40.884 R2 = 0.7954

20

10

0

0 1000 2000 3000 Cooling Degree Days (CDD) 4000 5000



### Figure 7-D.2.2	 Cooling Degree Days (CDD) Compared to Mean Temperature

D-2

### 7.D.2.2 Imputation Method

To determine household location, DOE matched the RECS 2005 combinations (255 individual combinations of Census Divisions plus 4 large states, together with the HDD and CDD data) to U.S. weather data. DOE used the U.S. weather station closest (or with minimum “distance”) from the RECS 2005 data combination. The following equation calculates the “distance” between the U.S. weather data and RECS 2005 data:



### " Distance " = ( HDD

− HDD ) 2 

### + ( CDD 2 

### − CDD ) 2

2 1 1



### Where:

HDD 1 

### = heating degree days from U.S. weather data,

HDD 2 

### = heating degree days from RECS 2005 data, CDD 1 

### = cooling degree days from U.S. weather data, and CDD 2 

### = cooling degree days from RECS 2005 data.

Figures 7-D.2.3 and 7-D.2.4 show the relationship between the imputed mean outdoor air temperature values and the RECS 2005 HDD values.

90

80

70

60

50

40

30 y = -0.0037x + 71.98 R2 = 0.9419 20

10

0

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 HDD (days)



### Figure 7-D.2.3 Heating Degree Days (HDD) Compared to Imputed Mean Temperature ValuesMean Temperature (Fo)

D-3Mean Temperature (Fo) 90

80

70

60

50

y = 0.0073x + 45.127 40 R2 = 0.7132

30

20

10

0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CDD (days)



### Figure 7-D.2.4 Cooling Degree Days (CDD) Compared to Imputed Mean Temperature Values

Table 7-D.2.1 shows the imputation results for all RECS locations. Note that some weather station data matches with several of the RECS 2005 255 HDD & CDD combinations. Table 7-D.2.2 shows a subset of the data matches.

Table 7-D.2.1 Weather Station Data

Station Location Mean HDD CDD State Temp (2005) (2005) Code City

BDL 50.2 6219 1003 AK KODIAK

BDR 52.1 5361 1046 AK KING SALMON

BOS 51.6 5902 888 AK ANCHORAGE

ORH 47.2 6670 714 AK BETHEL

CAR 39.2 9166 236 AK BIG DELTA

HUL 39.9 8989 247 AK BARROW

PWM 45.7 7218 471 AK BETTLES

CON 45.9 7385 602 AK COLD BAY

MWN 27.2 13063 0 AK FAIRBANKS

PVD 51.1 5824 1010 AK GULKANA

BTV 45.2 7425 729 AK HOMER

ACY 53.5 5109 1278 AK JUNEAU

EWR 54.5 4949 1526 AK MCGRATH

ABE 50.6 5704 1085 AK NOME

CXY 53.3 5187 1243 AK KOTZEBUE

ERI 50.0 6318 907 AK ST PAUL ISLAND

IPT 49.8 6038 965 AK TALKEETNA

PHL 55.3 4735 1530 AK UNALAKLEET

PIT 50.9 5765 929 AK VALDEZ

D-4AK YAKUTAT MLI 50.2 5750 1344 AL BIRMINGHAM ORD 49.1 6076 1166 AL HUNTSVILLE PIA 50.8 5514 1431 AL MONTGOMERY RFD 47.9 6421 1030 AL MOBILE SPI 52.7 5168 1427 AL MUSCLE SHOALS EVV 56.0 4317 1548 AL TUSCALOOSA FWA 49.9 6153 1008 AR FORT SMITH IND 52.5 5263 1295 AR FAYETTEVILLE SBN 49.5 6243 1044 AR LITTLE ROCK ANJ 40.1 8375 339 AZ DOUGLAS APN 42.5 7941 444 AZ FLAGSTAFF DTW 49.7 6189 1098 AZ WINSLOW FNT 46.8 6906 763 AZ PHOENIX GRR 47.6 6642 891 AZ TUCSON HTL 43.1 7858 462 AZ YUMA LAN 46.8 6585 908 CA BAKERSFIELD MKG 47.1 6583 780 CA BLYTHE SAW 38.7 8548 427 CA EUREKA CAK 49.5 6215 884 CA FRESNO CLE 49.6 6067 997 CA LOS ANGELES CMH 52.9 5355 1250 CA MT SHASTA CVG 54.2 4981 1342 CA PASO ROBLES DAY 51.5 5730 1059 CA REDDING FDY 50.2 6067 1020 CA SACRAMENTO MFD 48.7 6320 833 CA SAN DIEGO TOL 49.5 6210 1031 CA STOCKTON YNG 48.5 6328 711 CA SAN FRANCISCO GRB 44.4 7392 647 CO ALAMOSA LSE 47.3 6754 1014 CO COLORADO SPRINGS MKE 47.5 6612 954 CO DENVER MSN 46.1 6837 848 CO GRAND JUNCTION ALO 47.2 6845 862 CO PUEBLO DBQ 46.9 6791 839 CO TRINIDAD DSM 50.0 5817 1330 CT HARTFORD SUX 48.3 6189 1313 CT BRIDGEPORT CNK 53.5 5057 1618 DC WASHINGTON DDC 55.2 4488 1683 DE WILMINGTON GLD 50.7 5353 1117 FL DAYTONA BEACH ICT 56.4 4342 1846 FL KEY WEST TOP 54.3 4803 1627 FL FT LAUDERDALE DLH 39.1 8985 296 FL FORT MYERS INL 37.4 9876 240 FL GAINESVILLE MSP 45.4 7003 1003 FL JACKSONVILLE RST 43.4 7434 705 FL ORLANDO STC 41.8 7797 640 FL MIAMI COU 54.0 4663 1581 FL WEST PALM BEACH MCI 54.2 4777 1635 FL PENSACOLA SGF 56.2 4254 1758

D-5FL TALLAHASSEE STL 56.3 4352 1898 FL TAMPA BIS 42.3 7795 557 FL VERO BEACH DIK 41.8 8215 344 GA ALBANY FAR 41.5 8283 566 GA AUGUSTA GFK 40.3 9227 404 GA ATHENS ISN 40.9 8326 465 GA ATLANTA JMS 41.4 8376 423 GA WAYCROSS BFF 47.8 6254 741 GA BRUNSWICK GRI 49.9 5748 1215 GA COLUMBUS LBF 48.7 6228 1025 GA MACON LNK 51.1 5762 1439 GA SAVANNAH OFK 48.7 5979 1229 HI HONOLULU-OAHU OMA 50.7 5749 1472 HI HILO-HAWAII VTN 47.2 6558 959 HI LIHUE-KAUAI ABR 43.8 7868 660 HI KAHULUI-MAUI ATY 42.8 7847 657 IA WATERLOO FSD 45.1 6999 871 IA DUBUQUE HON 45.3 7173 985 IA DES MOINES PIR 47.5 6802 1110 IA SIOUX CITY RAP 46.6 6533 834 ID BOISE DCA 57.5 4154 1702 ID LEWISTON ILG 54.4 4991 1296 ID POCATELLO ABY 66.3 1763 2658 IL MOLINE AGS 63.2 2475 2151 IL CHICAGO AHN 61.5 2841 1805 IL PEORIA ATL 62.1 2754 1843 IL ROCKFORD AYS 66.7 1630 2438 IL SPRINGFIELD BQK 68.6 1596 2464 IN EVANSVILLE CSG 65.1 2019 2421 IN FORT WAYNE MCN 63.7 2202 2385 IN INDIANAPOLIS SAV 66.2 1948 2370 IN SOUTH BEND BWI 54.6 4714 1343 KS CONCORDIA SBY 56.6 4858 1101 KS DODGE CITY AVL 54.8 4083 891 KS GOODLAND CLT 61.4 3279 1660 KS WICHITA GSO 58.1 3504 1631 KS TOPEKA HAT 62.8 2884 1896 KY BOWLING GREEN ILM 63.8 2650 2002 KY JACKSON RDU 59.6 3314 1913 KY LEXINGTON CAE 63.6 2545 2198 KY PADUCAH CHS 65.3 2003 2427 KY LOUISVILLE GSP 60.0 3024 1754 LA BATON ROUGE LYH 55.4 4375 1167 LA LAKE CHARLES ORF 59.6 3484 1767 LA LAFAYETTE RIC 57.6 3674 1823 LA NEW ORLEANS ROA 56.3 3948 1329 LA SHREVEPORT BKW 51.6 5360 659 MA BOSTON CRW 54.5 4436 1289

D-6MA WORCESTER EKN 49.8 5644 680 MD BALTIMORE HTS 55.0 4375 1516 MD SALISBURY MRB 54.0 5044 1118 ME CARIBOU BHM 62.2 2587 2089 ME HOULTON HSV 60.6 3007 1968 ME PORTLAND MGM 65.0 2104 2326 MI SAULT ST MARIE MOB 66.8 1507 2600 MI ALPENA MSL 61.0 2956 2004 MI DETROIT TCL 64.0 2416 2307 MI FLINT BWG 57.2 3980 1601 MI GRAND RAPIDS JKL 55.9 3946 1537 MI HOUGHTON LAKE LEX 55.2 4525 1451 MI LANSING PAH 56.8 4145 1554 MI MUSKEGON SDF 56.9 4085 1792 MI MARQUETTE JAN 64.1 2257 2414 MN DULUTH MEI 64.7 2283 2234 MN INT'L FALLS TUP 61.3 2669 2298 MN MINNEAPOLIS BNA 58.9 3459 1954 MN ROCHESTER CHA 60.0 3140 1824 MN SAINT CLOUD CSV 54.5 4166 1091 MO COLUMBIA MEM 62.3 2629 2582 MO KANSAS CITY MKL 59.4 3443 1771 MO SPRINGFIELD TRI 54.9 4201 1153 MO SAINT LOUIS TYS 58.4 3517 1610 MS JACKSON FSM 61.2 2920 2359 MS MERIDIAN FYV 57.7 3825 1619 MS TUPELO LIT 62.1 2941 2179 MT BILLINGS BTR 67.0 1443 2920 MT CUT BANK LCH 67.9 1312 3099 MT KALISPELL LFT 68.3 1292 3225 MT GLASGOW MSY 68.8 1102 3203 MT GREAT FALLS SHV 65.7 1868 3001 MT HELENA HBR 59.8 3379 2200 MT MILES CITY OKC 60.1 3178 2132 MT MISSOULA TUL 60.8 3303 2323 NC ASHEVILLE DUG 61.5 2369 1963 NC CHARLOTTE FLG 46.2 6634 111 NC GREENSBORO INW 55.2 4096 1259 NC CAPE HATTERAS PHX 74.2 732 4714 NC WILMINGTON TUS 68.7 1207 3417 NC RALEIGH DURHAM YUM 75.3 504 4629 ND BISMARCK ALS 40.8 7751 97 ND DICKINSON COS 47.8 5870 554 ND FARGO DEN 50.1 5730 925 ND GRAND FORKS GJT 51.8 5047 1119 ND WILLISTON PUB 51.7 5217 1026 ND JAMESTOWN TAD 51.0 5110 945 NE SCOTTSBLUFF BOI 51.9 5424 975

D-7NE GRAND ISLAND LWS 52.4 4814 851 NE NORTH PLATTE PIH 46.5 7131 398 NE LINCOLN BIL 47.4 6560 652 NE NORFOLK CTB 39.7 8206 128 NE OMAHA FCA 42.6 7603 92 NE VALENTINE GGW 42.6 8000 541 NH CONCORD GTF 43.7 7443 320 NH MT WASHINGTON HLN 44.0 7478 461 NJ ATLANTIC CITY MLS 46.3 7217 720 NJ NEWARK MSO 44.8 7527 312 NM ALBUQUERQUE ABQ 56.8 3767 1562 NM CLAYTON CAO 53.3 4563 968 NM CARLSBAD CNM 62.8 2619 2211 NM ROSWELL ROW 60.8 3028 1974 NV ELKO EKO 46.4 7169 448 NV ELY ELY 44.8 7001 259 NV LAS VEGAS LAS 68.1 1582 3595 NV LOVELOCK LOL 50.1 5181 1075 NV RENO RNO 51.3 4900 970 NV WINNEMUCCA WMC 49.3 6464 550 NY ALBANY SLC 52.0 5321 1203 NY WATERTOWN CPR 44.9 6939 465 NY BINGHAMTON CYS 44.9 6610 449 NY BUFFALO LND 45.0 7203 563 NY NEW YORK RKS 42.8 7849 291 NY ROCHESTER SHR 44.5 7091 602 NY SYRACUSE WRL 45.4 7214 671 NY UTICA ADQ 40.5 8058 0 OH AKRON CANTON AKN 34.5 10001 0 OH CLEVELAND ANC 36.2 9265 8 OH COLUMBUS BET 29.9 12013 12 OH CINCINNATI BIG 28.6 11876 19 OH DAYTON BRW 10.4 18659 0 OH FINDLAY BTT 22.9 14513 37 OH MANSFIELD CDB 38.4 8794 0 OH TOLEDO FAI 26.7 13011 53 OH YOUNGSTOWN GKN 27.1 12420 2 OK HOBART HOM 38.1 8496 0 OK OKLAHOMA CITY JNU 41.5 7676 2 OK TULSA MCG 26.9 13086 23 OR ASTORIA OME 27.1 13214 12 OR BAKER OTZ 21.8 15012 16 OR BURNS SNP 35.0 9601 0 OR EUGENE TKA 33.9 9692 22 OR MEDFORD UNK 27.2 12349 21 OR NORTH BEND VWS 38.3 7542 23 OR PENDLETON YAK 39.5 8201 0 OR PORTLAND HNL 77.5 0 4992

D-8OR SALEM ITO 73.9 0 3666 PA ALLENTOWN LIH 75.7 0 4308 PA HARRISBURG OGG 75.8 0 4088 PA ERIE AST 51.0 4588 18 PA WILLIAMSPORT BKE 45.4 7453 179 PA PHILADELPHIA BNO 44.2 7450 268 PA PITTSBURGH EUG 52.1 4612 263 RI PROVIDENCE MFR 54.4 4133 859 SC COLUMBIA OTH 52.5 4288 2 SC CHARLESTON PDT 52.3 5258 608 SC GREENVILLE PDX 53.5 4150 445 SD ABERDEEN SLE 52.6 4574 319 SD WATERTOWN ALW 54.2 4770 910 SD SIOUX FALLS BLI 50.8 5269 22 SD HURON EAT 51.9 5562 819 SD PIERRE GEG 47.3 6485 417 SD RAPID CITY OLM 49.6 5078 86 TN NASHVILLE SEA 52.3 4437 164 TN CHATTANOOGA UIL 49.1 5272 12 TN CROSSVILLE YKM 48.9 5867 494 TN MEMPHIS ALB 47.5 6607 913 TN JACKSON ART 45.7 7565 576 TN BRISTOL BGM 45.8 7089 674 TN KNOXVILLE BUF 47.9 6644 880 TX ABILENE LGA 55.1 4707 1597 TX WACO ROC 47.6 6735 795 TX ALICE SYR 47.4 6636 909 TX AMARILLO UCA 46.6 7195 709 TX AUSTIN BFL 65.0 1797 2144 TX BROWNSVILLE BLH 71.3 889 4251 TX CORPUS CHRISTI EKA 52.9 4857 0 TX DALLAS FT WORTH FAT 63.2 1881 2080 TX DEL RIO LAX 63.3 1128 525 TX EL PASO MHS 49.2 5629 272 TX GALVESTON PRB 58.5 2437 963 TX HOUSTON RDD 61.6 2466 1775 TX LUBBOCK SAC 61.1 2345 1180 TX MIDLAND ODESSA SAN 64.4 858 657 TX SAN ANTONIO SCK 61.8 2061 1482 TX SAN ANGELO SFO 57.3 2267 71 TX WICHITA FALLS ABI 64.4 2316 2475 TX VICTORIA ACT 66.6 1837 3030 UT SALT LAKE CITY ALI 72.3 743 4026 VA LYNCHBURG AMA 57.0 4045 1432 VA NORFOLK AUS 69.0 1578 3181 VA RICHMOND BRO 73.3 346 4380 VA ROANOKE CRP 71.5 690 3807 VT BURLINGTON DFW 65.5 1953 3122

D-9WA WALLA WALLA DRT 69.7 1210 3464 WA BELLINGHAM ELP 64.7 2146 2556 WA WENATCHEE GLS 71.2 848 3673 WA SPOKANE IAH 68.8 1221 3292 WA OLYMPIA LBB 59.7 3173 1925 WA SEATTLE TACOMA MAF 63.4 2604 2273 WA QUILLAYUTE SAT 68.7 1277 3328 WA YAKIMA SJT 64.5 2209 2420 WI GREEN BAY SPS 63.1 2597 2556 WI LACROSSE VCT 70.0 1108 3334 WI MILWAUKEE DAB 71.0 763 2981 WI MADISON EYW 78.1 68 4743 WV BECKLEY FLL 75.4 135 4222 WV CHARLESTON FMY 74.9 284 3814 WV ELKINS GNV 68.6 1193 2711 WV HUNTINGTON JAX 68.0 1358 2670 WV MARTINSBURG MCO 72.8 527 3404 WY CASPER MIA 76.7 109 4435 WY CHEYENNE PBI 75.3 232 4021 WY LANDER PNS 68.2 1305 2775 WY ROCK SPRINGS TLH 68.0 1520 2737 WY SHERIDAN TPA 73.1 522 3505 WY WORLAND VRB 73.2 463 3479



### Table 7-D.2.2 Sample RECS Household Matches Location DOE ID HDD CDD Division

BOS 2977 5771 839 1 BOS 43 5788 900 1 BOS 396 5791 834 1 BOS 703 5796 833 1 BOS 2389 5817 828 1 BOS 1470 5874 894 1 BOS 385 5874 894 1 BOS 4354 5879 902 1 BOS 3952 5885 876 1 BOS 1529 5899 888 1 BOS 2381 5911 885 1 BOS 825 5913 894 1 BOS 2005 5922 880 1 BOS 2064 5931 801 1 BOS 4040 5933 879 1 BOS 1428 5933 879 1 BOS 535 5951 884 1 BOS 894 5956 873 1 BOS 2211 5958 873 1 BOS 1548 5959 873 1 BOS 3239 5965 871 1 BOS 620 5968 864 1 BOS 2533 5975 853 1 BOS 697 5979 865 1

D-10BOS 4067 5980 865 1 BOS 3506 5983 866 1 BOS 1369 5994 864 1 BOS 4113 5994 932 1 BOS 1726 5997 861 1 BOS 1671 5998 861 1 BOS 328 6012 918 1 BOS 3790 6018 856 1 BOS 3890 6020 841 1 BOS 2587 6024 854 1 BOS 281 6028 839 1 BOS 87 6028 855 1 BOS 1440 6052 847 1 BOS 2152 6057 832 1 BOS 4140 6059 831 1 BOS 2949 6061 845 1 BOS 675 6062 876 1 BOS 1079 6071 843 1 BOS 178 6072 801 1 BOS 2487 6072 842 1 BOS 3111 6084 825 1 BOS 1797 6097 821 1 BOS 3333 6107 694 1

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### REFERENCES

1. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Normal Daily Mean Temperature, Deg F, 2004. < http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/meantemp.html >

2. Williams, C. N., Jr., M.J. Menne, R.S. Vose, and D.R. Easterling., United States Historical Climatology Network Monthly Temperature and Precipitation Data. , 2007. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy,. Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

< http://cdiac.ornl.gov/epubs/ndp/ushcn/usa_monthly.html >

3. National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration, Degree Days Statistics, 2005.

< http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/cdus/degree_days >

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