Page 2 of 13 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Polybutene is a non-drying, sticky and semi-liquid polymer material registered for repelling birds 

from roosting inside and outside of buildings. It is also used for repelling beavers from attacking 

trees and shrubs. When birds and beavers contact the treated surfaces, they dislike the 

unpleasant sticky sensation and usually do not return. A Reregistration Eligibility Decision 

(RED) and a Fact Sheet on polybutene are available for further reference (EPA, 1995). 

There are no registered food uses for polybutene. However, there is an exemption from the 

requirement of a tolerance when polybutene is incorporated in the packaging of insect control 

products used on food crops. It is also approved as a component in adhesives, paper and 

laminates intended for packaging food materials. Polybutene is a common ingredient in 

cosmetic products (including lipstick, sunscreen and eye makeup at concentrations up to 50%). 

The Cosmetics Industry Review (CIR) Expert Panel, an industry-appointed panel of scientists 

assigned to review the safety of cosmetic product ingredients, concluded that polybutene is 

“relatively harmless” and safe for use in cosmetics. 

The oral toxicity of polybutene is low. No treatment-related effects have been observed in 

laboratory animals following oral exposure to polybutene at doses that achieve or exceed the 

limit dose. The polymeric nature of the compound is expected to limit dermal toxicity, although 

dermal studies are not available. Genotoxicity studies are negative. Inhalation toxicity has been 

observed in the rat after a two-week exposure, but due to low volatility, there are no concerns for 

inhalation exposure from current uses. 

No additional toxicology data are required to support the registration review of polybutene. The 

available toxicology data, which include studies submitted to the Agency and published studies, 

are considered adequate to assess the exposure from existing uses of polybutene. A dietary 

exposure assessment is not needed for polybutene because of the lack of food uses. 

There is a potential for residential handler exposure to polybutene via the dermal route which 

should be evaluated during registration review. Postapplication residential exposure and risk 

from dermal, inhalation, and oral (children’s’ hand-to-mouth) exposures are not of concern 

because no contact is expected with treated surfaces and due to the non-volatile properties of gel 

and liquid formulations. 

During registration review, a dermal exposure assessment for occupational handlers who apply 

gel and liquid formulations of polybutene should be conducted. No inhalation exposure 

assessment is required since polybutene is a non-volatile chemical. In addition, a postapplication 

worker exposure assessment is not required since contact is not expected from the application 

methods and application sites where polybutene resins are registered.
Page 3 of 13 

INTRODUCTION 

The Health Effects Division's (HED's) Polybutene Registration Review Team has evaluated the 

information available for preparing this summary. No new polybutene data have been submitted 

since an assessment was completed in 1997, the primary source for determining the status of the 

polybutene database for the 1995 RED. Screening-level searches of Google Scholar and Science 

Direct indicate that there is no new information that would impact the human health risk 

assessment. 

The registered product formulations containing polybutene are listed in Table 1. There is no 

registration on a technical product and the four active registrations are end-use product (EP) 

formulations. In addition, there are two products listed under "registration pending." Three of 

the four EPs are formulated as gels and packaged in ready-to-use tubes and the fourth is a liquid. 

Table 1. Registered Products of Polybutene. 

 EPA Reg. No. AI % Formulation Type Product's Name 

1621-17 97.0 Gel Tangle foot Bird Repellent 

8254-3 49.0 Liquid 4 The Birds, Transparent Bird Repellent Liquid 

8254-5 93.0 Gel 4 The Birds, Bird Repellent 

55943-1 93.5 Gel Hot Foot Bird Repellent 

70487-R1 60.8 NA Pigeon Free 

70487-E1 62.8 NA K70 

1. Registration pending. 

USE PATTERN CHARACTERIZATION 

Polybutene formulations are registered to repel pigeons, starlings and sparrows from inside and 

outside of homes and structures and beavers from trees and shrubs. The use pattern for 

registered products is summarized in Table 2. 

Table 2. Use Pattern of End-use Product Formulations of Polybutene.

EPA Reg. No. 

And Name. Appl. Sites Appl. Equipment and rate Comments 

1. 1624-17, (97% ai) 

Bird Repellent 

2. 8254-5, (93% ai), 

4 The Birds Bird Repellent 

3. 55946-1, (93.5% ai) 

Hot foot Bird Repellent 

Outdoor: on 

buildings and other 

exterior structures 

Caulking gun or a putty 

knife @ 1 oz product per 

linear ft. 

To reduce exposure to bird 

related diseases, wearing 

water proof gloves and a 

respirator (approved for 

dust) is recommended for 

cleaning the areas before 

treatment. 

4. 8254-3 (49% ai) 

4 The Birds Transparent 

Bird Repellent 

Interior: of buildings 

Exterior: trees and 

shrubs 

Spray to the point of run off 

using a low-pressure spray 

gun or use a paint brush to 

treat surfaces that are 

difficult to spray. 

Do not dilute before 

spraying. Do not apply to 

exterior of buildings and 

structures. Do not apply 

using aerial equipment. 
Page 4 of 13 

The treated sites include window sills, cornices, roof lines, gutter edges, signs, ledges, bridges, 

overpasses, beams, girders, struts, and supports where birds can sit and roost. Exterior sites are 

trees, bushes and vines adjacent to buildings and structures. 

The gel formulations are applied in bands, two inches apart for the length of the area in broken 

strips, leaving a one inch gap between beads to allow drainage of water. A putty knife can also 

be used to apply the gel. The recommended application rate is approximately 1 oz. of product 

per linear foot. Repeat applications may be made if the applied gel is flattened with time or 

covered with dirt and debris due to heavy bird traffic. 

 

The liquid product is either sprayed with a low pressure handgun or applied using a paint brush 

to the surface of beams and rafters (indoors) or around the trunks of trees and bushes (outdoors). 

In outdoor areas, repeat applications may be made at 2-3 week intervals when the applied area 

has a weathered appearance. For indoor areas, no repeat applications have been recommended. 

HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION 

Information Available on Polybutene Toxicity: The toxicity of polybutene was reviewed for the 

RED document (December, 1994). All toxicology studies, except for acute toxicity and 

genotoxicity, were waived in that assessment, based on lack of effects observed in the available 

studies and the expectation of minimal exposure from registered uses (see Tables A.1 and A.2 

for profile of the studies reviewed by the Agency). No toxicity endpoints have been identified 

for polybutene. 

Acceptable acute toxicity studies are available. Polybutene is of low acute toxicity by the oral 

and dermal exposure routes (Category IV and III, respectively). An acute inhalation toxicity 

study was waived based on the viscosity of the test material (although toxicity was noted in a 

two-week inhalation study which is described below). It is not a dermal irritant (Category IV) or 

sensitizer, but is irritating to the eye (Category II). 

Polybutene did not show evidence of genotoxicity in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse gene 

mutation, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell mammalian forward gene mutation and in vivo

mouse bone marrow micronucleus assays. Test material purity information on the bacterial 

reverse gene mutation assay was required at the time of review to upgrade it to "acceptable". 

However, based on the lack of concern for genotoxicity, this information is not required at this 

time. 

Additional toxicity data were reviewed (as brief summaries) subsequent to the RED, for a 

proposed amended tolerance exemption as an inert ingredient. In a 90-day dietary study in the 

rat, no toxicity (body weight changes, hematological and limited clinical chemistry parameters, 

organ weights and histopathology) was noted at 2500 mg/kg/day in male or female rats. A 

published two-week inhalation toxicity study in male rats exposed 7 hr/day, 5 days per week 

showed no toxicity at doses of 70 mg/m3 but at 700 mg/m3

, 3 of 4 rats died from pulmonary 

edema and hyperemia. 
Page 5 of 13 

Rat reproductive toxicity and chronic oral studies in the rat and dog were not considered 

acceptable by the Agency because the integrity of the data was not validated. A published study 

evaluating developmental toxicity reported that no effects were observed after six months’ 

administration of polybutene at 1% or 10% in the diet (1968) but details were not available for 

review. No dermal absorption or toxicity data are available, but as a polymeric compound, 

absorption is expected to be low. 

There are no registered food uses for polybutene. However, there is an exemption allowed from 

the requirement of a tolerance as an inert ingredient in the packaging of pheromone products 

used for insect control on food crops. 

Polybutene is approved for food additive use when used in packaging that may come in contact 

with food (177.1430 of the Food Additive Regulation of the Food and Drug Administration 

[FDA]). It is also an ingredient in many cosmetics (including lipsticks, eye makeup and sun 

block), as an emulsifier or to add viscosity, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50%. Reports on 

the toxicity of polybutene are available in the published literature. The Cosmetic Ingredient 

Review (CIR) Expert Panel conducted a safety assessment in 1982 (reaffirmed again in 2002). 

CIR is an industry trade organization that sponsors review of cosmetic ingredient safety by 

panels of expert scientists. The Expert Panel evaluated the available toxicological data on 

polybutene, including the inhalation, subchronic oral and developmental toxicity studies noted 

above, as well as numerous acute and irritation studies in test animals as well as tests in humans 

on cosmetics containing polybutene. 

The CIR Expert Panel included the unvalidated rat reproductive toxicity and rat and dog chronic 

oral studies in its review, all of which tested Polybutene H as a 75% concentrate. In a two year 

oral study in the rat, no significant toxicity or increased tumor incidence was observed at doses 

that tested up to 20,000 ppm polybutene in the diet. Beagle dogs administered doses up to 1000 

mg/kg/day for two years also showed no adverse effects. No reproductive toxicity was observed 

in rats tested up to 20,000 ppm in the diet. The panel concluded that polybutenes do not show 

significant toxicity and characterized it as “relatively harmless” and safe for use in cosmetics 

products such as lipstick, eye makeup and sunscreen.

HED's Assessment of Polybutene Toxicity: HED concludes that toxicological concern for 

exposure to polybutene from current pesticide use patterns is low, based on several 

considerations. First, the available toxicology data indicate low toxicity and no evidence of 

carcinogenicity following administration for up to two years up at high doses. There is no 

evidence of developmental or reproductive effects or genotoxicity. Absorption via the dermal 

and oral routes is likely to be relatively low due to its polymeric structure. Second, polybutene is 

approved component in food packaging and is widely used as an ingredient in cosmetics, 

including lipstick, eye makeup and sun block, at concentrations as high as 50%. Third, there are 

no food uses and exposure from its use as a pest control agent is limited. The volatility of 

polybutene is low and inhalation exposure is therefore not of concern during application and 

postapplication. Therefore, at this time there are no additional toxicology data requirements to 

support registration review. 
Page 6 of 13 

Conclusions for Hazard Identification/Toxicology 

No additional toxicology data are anticipated to support registration review of polybutene. The 

available toxicology data should be reviewed based on current guidelines to identify dermal 

endpoints, as appropriate, for assessment of handler/applicator exposure. 

Although no new toxicology data are required for existing uses, additional studies may be 

required if food uses or new nonfood uses are proposed that would result in increased exposure. 

DIETARY EXPOSURE 

Polybutene is not registered for any agricultural uses or other uses that may expose food 

materials to polybutene residues. Therefore, a dietary exposure analysis was not conducted. 

However, currently there is an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance (§180.1037) for 

residues of polybutene in or on the raw agricultural commodities of (i) cotton seed when used as 

a sticker agent for formulations of the attractant gossyplure to disrupt the mating of the pink boll 

worm and (ii) artichokes when used as a sticker agent in multi-layered laminated controlledrelease dispensers of (Z)-11-hexadecenal to disrupt the mating of the artichoke plume moth. 

There may be some oral exposure to polybutene through ingestion of cosmetics, such as lipstick; 

however, such exposure has been considered by the Cosmetics Industry Review Expert Panel 

when they evaluated polybutene for use in cosmetics. Therefore, no additional assessment of 

oral exposure will be undertaken by EPA during registration review. 

Conclusions for Dietary Exposure

There are no agricultural or postharvest uses that may expose food to polybutene residues. 

Therefore, a dietary exposure analysis was not conducted and there are no uses that would result 

in the need for a dietary assessment during registration review. 

RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE 

Even though both gel and liquid formulations of polybutene are labeled for use by commercial 

and professional applicators, the current labels do not restrict homeowners from buying and 

using them to get rid of birds in homes and other structures. Therefore, exposure to residential 

handlers is to be assessed during registration review. 

Adults and children occupying homes that are treated by homeowners and professional 

applicators result in postapplication dermal and inhalation exposure to polybutene. The 

postapplication dermal exposure from gel and liquid formulations is expected to be negligible 

because of the lack of contact with the treated surfaces, both inside and outside of homes. 

Inhalation exposure to occupants of indoor areas treated with the liquid product is not of concern 

because it is a water-based formulation. There is no likelihood of children's postapplication oral 

exposure from indoor uses as the treated areas are not accessible and flakes do not form and fall 

to the ground making them available for ingestion by children. 
Page 7 of 13 

Conclusions for Residential Exposure 

Residential handler exposure assessment is required during registration review because 

homeowners are potentially exposed via the dermal route when they apply gel and liquid 

formulations of polybutene inside and outside of homes. No postapplication dermal, inhalation 

or incidental oral exposure assessments are required for indoor and outdoor uses of polybutene. 

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE 

Occupational Exposure Characterization: Polybutene products are used by professional 

applicators for controlling birds and rodents inside/outside of homes and other structures. Based 

on the formulation types and use pattern, the following potential exposure scenarios were 

identified that are applicable to mixers, loaders, and applicators of polybutene formulations 

(Table 3). 

 

Table 3. Occupational Exposure Scenarios of polybutene 

EPA 

Reg. No. Ser. No. Handler 1

 Potential scenarios Exposure Potential 2

1 Mixing/loading None expected as the 

product is applied "as is" 

2 Applying the gel using a caulking gun to 

outdoor buildings and structures Dermal exposure is expected 

1621-17 

8254-5 

55943-1 

(Gels) 3 

M/L/A 

Applying the gel using a putty knife to 

outdoor buildings and structures Dermal exposure is expected 

4 Transferring the liquid product into a low 

pressure pump sprayer Dermal exposure is expected 

5 

Applying the liquid using a low-pressure 

sprayer to indoor and outdoor buildings, 

tress, and vines 

Dermal exposure is expected 8245-3 

(Liquid) 

6 

M/L/A 

Applying the liquid using a paint brush to 

indoor and outdoor buildings and trees Dermal exposure is expected 

1. Since the areas treated are small, one person may work as mixer, loader, and applicator (M/L/A). 2. Inhalation exposure is not of concern because the registered formulations are either gels or water-based liquids.

Occupational Exposure to Handlers: When polybutene products were registered, no 

occupational exposure assessments were conducted. At that time, it was determined that there 

was a low potential for exposure to handlers if these products are used as directed. 

There is a potential for dermal exposure to applicators of gel and liquid formulations when they 

treat outdoor and indoor areas in the scenarios identified in Table 3; therefore, dermal exposure 

to occupational handlers should be assessed during registration review. Inhalation exposure is 

not of concern for polybutene because: (i) the active ingredient is not a volatile substance, (ii) the 

gel formulations are solids without any vapor generating properties; and (iii) the inert ingredients 

in the liquid formulation are non-volatile. 
Page 8 of 13 

Occupational Postapplication Exposure: Given the use pattern of polybutene, no 

postapplication activities are expected to be performed in treated interior or exterior areas. 

Therefore, a postapplication exposure assessment is not anticipated during registration review. 

The toxicity studies on end-use products indicate that they have moderate acute toxicity and were 

assigned Signal Words such as CAUTION to WARNING. No personal protective equipment 

(PPE) is required on the labels for these products because polybutene formulations are used at 

sites exempted from the requirement for Worker Protection Standard (WPS) language on the 

label. 

Conclusions for Occupational Exposure

During registration review, a new dermal exposure assessment is required for occupational 

handlers of gel and liquid formulations treating the interior and exterior of buildings, outdoor 

areas such as tree trunks. Postapplication contact with treated areas is not expected in 

conjunction with polybutene uses, and therefore an occupational postapplication assessment is 

not required during registration review. 

PUBLIC HEALTH AND PESTICIDE EPIDEMIOLOGY DATA 

HED’s Toxicology and Epidemiology Branch provided an incident report for polybutene 

(D372034, S. Winfield, February 25, 2010). The OPP Incident Data System (IDS), the Center 

for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 

(CDC/NIOSH) Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risk (SENSOR) and the 

Agricultural Health Study (AHS) database were consulted for poisoning incidents on the active 

ingredient, polybutene. For IDS, no poisoning incidents were reported from 2002 to the present. 

Similarly, for NIOSH SENSOR, no cases were identified that involve polybutene resins from 

1998-2005 and no polybutene resin incidents were reported in the AHS. None of the databases 

reported any incident cases. The Agency will continue to monitor the incident information on 

polybutene and if a concern is triggered, additional analysis will be included in the risk 

assessment. 

Conclusions for Public Health and Pesticide Epidemiology Data

There were no incidents reported for polybutene and no further investigation is warranted at this 

time. However, the Agency will continue to monitor incident information and if a concern is 

triggered, appropriate action will be taken to address such incidents during registration review. 

 

TOLERANCE ASSESSMENT AND INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION 

There are no international harmonization issues associated with polybutene due to the lack of 

food uses. 
Page 9 of 13 

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

There appear to be no particular socioeconomic subgroups that may experience a higher degree 

of exposure to polybutene. Potential areas of environmental justice concerns, to the extent 

possible, will be considered in future human health risk assessments for polybutene, in 

accordance with U.S. Executive Order 12898, "Federal Actions to Address Environmental 

Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations," 

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/policies/ej/exec_order_12898.pdf. The Office of 

Pesticide Programs (OPP) typically considers the highest potential exposures from the legal use 

of a pesticide when conducting human health risk assessments, including, but not limited to, 

people who obtain drinking water from sources near agricultural areas, the variability of diets 

within the U.S., and people who may be exposed when harvesting crops. Should these highest 

exposures indicate potential risks of concern, OPP further refines the risk assessments to ensure 

that the risk estimates are based on the best available information. 

HUMAN STUDIES

The occupational assessments anticipated during registration review may use exposure data 

from the Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED). The PHED has been reviewed from 

an ethics perspective and no issues were found that would preclude its use in the risk 

assessment process. No other human studies have been used to assess polybutene.
Page 10 of 13 

ATTACHMENTS

A. Summary of acute, subchronic/chronic toxicity profile and endpoints and doses available on 

polybutene: 

Table A1. Acute Toxicity Profile - Polybutene Technical. 

Guideline No. Study Type MRID(s) Results Toxicity Category 

870.1100 Acute oral-rat 41772401 LD50 >5.0 g/kg IV 

870.1200 Acute dermal-rabbit 41772402 LD50 >2.0 g/kg III 

870.1300 Acute inhalation-rat 1 -- -- N/A1 

870.2400 Acute eye irritation-rabbit 41772403 Eye irritant II 

870.2500 Acute dermal irritation-rabbit 41772404 Not a dermal 

irritant 

IV 

870.2600 Skin sensitization-guinea pig 41772405 Not a sensitizer N/A 

1. The acute inhalation study was waived based on viscosity of test material. 
Page 11 of 13 

Table A.2. Subchronic, Chronic and Other Toxicity Profile for Polybutene. 

Guideline 

No. 

Study Type MRID No. (year)/ 

Classification /Doses

Results

870.3100 90-Day oral toxicity (diet) 

- rat 

00117945 (1982) 

Acceptable/non-guideline 

2500 mg/kg/day, administered 

in diet 

NOAEL = 2500 mg/kg/day 

LOAEL = not determined (>2500 

mg/kg/day) 

870.3150 90-Day oral toxicity - dog Not available. 

870.3200 21-Day dermal toxicity Not available. 

Nonguideline - 

inhalation 

2-week inhalation toxicity - 

rat 

Published article, Skyberg et al.

(1990) Env. Res. 53:48-61. 

Acceptability not determined 

Whole-body aerosol inhalation 

exposure of male rats for two 

weeks at 70 or 700 mg/m3

NOAEL = 70 mg/m3

LOAEL = 700 mg/m3

, based on 

pulmonary edema and hyperemia, 

and mortality. 

870.3700a Prenatal developmental-rat Not available. 

870.3700b Prenatal developmental -

rabbit 

Not available. 

870.3800 Reproduction and fertility 

effects-rat 

Not available. 

870.4100a Chronic toxicity-rodent Not available. 

870.4100b Chronic toxicity-dog Not available. 

870.4200b Carcinogenicity (mouse) Not available. 

870.4300 Combined chronic 

toxicity/carcinogenicity-rat 

Not available. 

870.5100 Bacterial Reverse Gene 

Mutation Assay 

 (S. typhimurium strains 

TA97a, TA98, TA100, 

TA102 or TA1535) 

43076602 (1993) 

Unacceptable/guideline 

(upgradeable with submission 

of analysis confirming test 

material concentration) 

0.08, 0.1, 0.33, 0.8, 1.0, 3.3 or 

5.0 mg/plate, tested with and 

without S9 activation 

NEGATIVE 

No evidence of induced mutant 

colonies above background in S. 

typhimurium in the presence or 

absence of S9 activation. Tested up 

to limit dose (no cytotoxicity or 

precipitation observed). 

870.5300 In Vitro Mammalian Cell 

Forward Mutation Assay 

(TK locus), Chinese 

hamster ovary cells strain 

AS52 

43076603 (1993) 

Acceptable/guideline 

0.001, 0.003, 0.010, 0.033, 

0.10, 0.33 or 1.0 μL/mL in 

culture media, all tested with 

and without S9 activation. 

NEGATIVE 

There was no concentration-related 

increase in induced mutant colonies 

over background observed in the 

presence or absence of S9 

activation. Cytotoxicity was not 

observed; insolubility was observed 

at 0.33 and 1.0 μL/mL. 
Page 12 of 13 

Table A.2. Subchronic, Chronic and Other Toxicity Profile for Polybutene. 

Guideline 

No. 

Study Type MRID No. (year)/ 

Classification /Doses

Results

870.5385 In vivo bone marrow 

micronucleus assay, mouse 

43076604 (1993) 

Acceptable/guideline 

1.25, 2.5 or 5 g/kg bw 

(intraperitoneal injection) with 

sacrifice at 24, 48 or 72 hr 

NEGATIVE 

There was no evidence of a 

clastogenic and/or aneugenic effect 

up to the limit dose of 5 g/kg bw. 

No systemic toxicity observed. 

870.7485 Metabolism and 

pharmacokinetics (rat) 

Not available. 

870.6200a Acute Neurotoxicity (rat) Not available. 

870.6200b Subchronic Neurotoxicity 

(rat) 

Not available. 

870.7800 Immunotoxicity Not available. 

REFERENCES 

Bradley, M. J. Inert Ingredients: Polyvinyl chloride, Butylbenzyl phthalate, and Polybutenes. 

Addition to Request of 6/24/81, August 12, 1982. 

Bradley, M. J. Inert Ingredients: Polyvinyl chloride, Butylbenzyl phthalate, and Polybutenes on 

Artichokes. Additional Information to Request of 6/24/81, November 26, 1982. 

Cosmetic Ingredient Review (1982) Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Polybutene. J. 

Am. Coll. Toxicol. 1(4):103-118. 

Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Polybutene. J. Am. Coll. 

Toxicol. 1(4):103-118, 1982. 

Davis, D. S., D194367. PP# 3E4254: Polybutene: Request for Clearance as an Inert Ingredient 

under 40CFR§180.1001(c) an (e). November 24, 1993. 

Jones, R. Structure Activity Team (SAT) Report for Polybutene. October 20, 1995. 

Liem, D. S. D223859. Review of a Proposal on a Selection of Polybutene Grade for a 

Subchronic Feeding and a Developmental Study (Inert). April, 26, 1996. 

Ritter, D. Inert Ingredients for Use in an Insect Pheromone dispenser in Artichokes. EPA File 

Symbol: #8730-EUP-RR. October 13, 1981. 

Ritter, D. Request to Broaden Exemption as an Inert Ingredient in all RACs, November 24, 

1981. 

Schmidt, R. P., Polyvis OSH – Inert Ingredient Used in Proturf Systemic Fungicide, January 8, 

1974. 
Page 13 of 13 

US EPA. The HED Chapter of the Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document (RED) for 

Polybutene. Memo from M. Clock to J Ellenberger, December 7, 1994. HED Doc No. 011351. 

US EPA: Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) – Polybutene. 

http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/4076, 1994. 

US EPA. Review of Toxicological Data Package on Polybutene in Support for a Tolerance 

Exemption Under 40 CFR 180.1001© and (e) (Inert). Memorandum from D. Liem to M. Waller 

dated April 21, 1995. DP Barcodes D194369, D214154. 

US EPA. Review of a Toxicological Data Rebuttal and Additional Data on Polybutene in 

Support for an Amended Tolerance Exemption Under 40 CFR 180.1001(d) (Inert). 

Memorandum from D. Liem to M. Waller dated November 1, 1995. DP Barcodes D216536, 

D217639. 

US EPA. EPA RED Facts: Polybutene, January, 1995. 

Winfield, S. D372034. Polybutene Resins: Review of Human Incidents, February 25, 2010. 

Woodrow, W. S. Amendments to EPA # 36638-EUP-G, PP # 9G2226, Heliothis virescens

(tobacco budworm) Mating Disruptant Pheromone Used on Cotton, June 5, 1981.