DOE/EIA-0584 (2005) 

 

Annual Coal Report 

2005 

October 2006 

Energy Information Administration 

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Washington, DC 20585 

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

This report is available on the Web at: 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/acr/acr.pdf

_____________________________________________ 

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical 

agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be not be construed as 

advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization. 
ii Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Contacts 

This publication was prepared by Fred Freme under the 

direction of Thomas Schmitz, Director, Coal, Nuclear, 

and Renewable Fuels Division, and William Watson, 

Coal Team Leader, within the Energy Information 

Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Specific 

information about the data in this report can be obtained 

from Fred Freme at (202) 287-1740, or e-mail at 

Frederick.Freme@eia.doe.gov. Other questions on coal 

statistics should be directed to the National Energy 

Information Center at (202) 586-8800 or e-mail at 

infoctr@eia.doe.gov.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 iii

Preface 

The Annual Coal Report (ACR) provides information 

about U.S. coal production, number of mines, prices, 

productivity, employment, productive capacity, and 

recoverable reserves to a wide audience, including 

Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, 

and the general public. This report is published by the 

Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill data 

collection and dissemination responsibilities as specified 

in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 

(Public Law 93-275), as amended. 

This report presents annual data on coal production, 

prices, recoverable reserves, employment, productivity, 

productive capacity, consumption, and stocks. U.S. coal 

production, employment, and productivity are based on 

the U.S. Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health 

Administration’s Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine 

Employment and Coal Production Report.” Prices, 

recoverable reserves, and productive capacity are based 

on EIA’s annual survey form, EIA-7A, “Coal Production 

Report.” 

This report is the 30th annual report on coal production 

published by EIA and continues the series formerly 

included in the Minerals Yearbook published by the 

Bureau of Mines. 

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels 

acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents in 

supplying the information published in the Annual Coal 

Report and appreciates the valuable assistance of State 

coal mining agencies and the U.S. Department of Labor: 

Mine Safety and Health Administration. 
iv Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Contents 

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Coal Production...................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Productive Capacity ............................................................................................................................................................... 27

Recoverable Reserves............................................................................................................................................................. 31

Employment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Productivity ............................................................................................................................................................................ 43

Domestic Markets .................................................................................................................................................................. 51

Average Mine Sales Price ...................................................................................................................................................... 55

Average Consumer Prices ...................................................................................................................................................... 65

Glossary.................................................................................................................................................................................. 67
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 v

Tables 

1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2005-2004.............................................................. 12

2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2005......................................................... 14

3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2005.............................................................................. 18

4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2005..................................................................................... 19

5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2005.................................................... 20

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2005........................................................................ 21

7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2005.................................................................................... 22

8. Coal Disposition by State, 2005.................................................................................................................................... 23

9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2005 ....................................................................................................................................... 24

10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2005 ................................................................................................................................. 25

11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2005, 2004 ............................................................................................ 28

12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2005, 2004............................................................................................. 29

13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 2005........ 30

14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2005, 2004................. 32

15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base 

by Mining Method, 2005 .............................................................................................................................................. 33

16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and 

Mining Method, 2005 ................................................................................................................................................... 34

17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production Range 

and Mine Type, 2005.................................................................................................................................................... 35

18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2005, 2004......................................................................... 38

19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 2005...... 39

20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2005....................... 41

21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2005, 2004 .................................................................................. 44

22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2005............................................................... 46

23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2005 ................................................... 47

24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2005..................................................................... 49

25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2005................................................................................... 52

26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2005, 2004 ............................................. 53

27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division, 2005, 2004.............................................................................. 54

28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2005, 2004 ........................................................ 56

29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2005..................................... 57

30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2005......................................... 58

31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2005................................................................... 62

32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2005 .................................... 63

33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2005................................................................................ 64

34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2005, 2004................................. 66
vi Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 1

Executive Summary 

 

Coal production in the United States reached a record level 

in 2005, ending the year at 1,131.5 million short tons, 

according to data from the Energy Information 

Administration (Table ES1). Production in 2005 was 19.4 

million short tons higher than the 2004 level of 1,112.1 

million short tons, and surpassed the prior record set in 

2001 by 3.8 million short tons. Although total U.S. coal 

consumption rose in 2005, not all coal-consuming sectors 

had increased consumption for the year. Coal consumption 

increased in the electric power sector by 2.1 percent and 

declined in both the other industrial sector and coking coal 

sector. (Note: All unit and percentage change calculations 

are done at the short-tons level.) Total coal stocks declined 

during the year, as electric generators used their stockpiles 

to help meet increased demands and missed shipments, 

while coal producers used their stockpiles to supplement 

their production levels in 2005. 

The expanding economy and the warmer than normal 

summer weather in 2005 helped to drive up the demand for 

coal in the electric power sector during the year. Coal 

consumption in the electric power sector increased 21.2 

million short tons in 2005. Data show that total generation 

in the electric power sector (electric utilities and 

independent power producers) in the United States 

increased by 2.4 percent in 2005, while coal-based 

generation increased by 1.8 percent. As a result of a larger 

proportion of lower Btu coal being used in 2005, coal 

generation did not rise as much as coal consumption 

measured in short tons. Coal use in the non-electricity 

sector declined by 3.3 percent to a level of 88.0 million 

short tons. 

For a second consecutive year, the average delivered price 

of coal increased in all domestic markets in 2005. The U.S. 

electric utility price-per-short-ton increase was 14.4 

percent. Coking coal prices had the largest increase in 

average delivered price for any domestic sector, increasing 

by 36.2 percent, while the price for the other industrial 

sector increased by 21.2 percent in 2005. Average open 

market mine prices increased by 18.3 percent. 

Production 

U.S. coal production increased in 2005 by 1.7 percent to 

reach a record level of 1,131.5 million short tons (Figure 

ES1 and Table ES1), 19.4 million short tons higher than the 

2004 production. The 2005 coal production was 0.3 

percent higher than the prior record set in 2001 of 1,127.7 

million short tons. Exclusive of refuse production, all three 

major coal-producing regions had an increase in their 

production levels in 2005, something that had not happened 

since 2001. The percentage increases were 1.7 percent in 

both the Appalachia and Western regions and 2.1 percent in 

the Interior region. The tonnage increase in coal 

production in the Western Region accounted for 49.7 

percent of the total increase in the United States in 2005 

(Figure ES1 and Table ES2). 

The recurring problems that the coal industry typically 

deals with had varying impacts on coal production in 2005. 

Although many of these issues were the same as last year 

(weather, environmental, legal challenges, and global 

economics), the overriding issue for the U.S. coal industry 

in 2005 was transportation of coal from the mines to the 

consumers. 

The majority of coal in the United States is moved by 

railroads exclusively or in multi-modal service with another 

method of transportation. Other modes of coal transport 

are barges, trucks, tramways, and conveyors. In 2005, 

flooding on the major waterways, along with river lock 

repairs and sunken barges during the winter, as well as low 

water levels on some major river systems during the 

summer, contributed to the transportation problems. In 

addition, three major hurricanes hit the United States in 

2005 (Dennis, Katrina, and Rita) causing numerous 

problems for the coal industry including flooding, 

disruptions in deliveries, closed deep-water ports, and offline power plants. However, the one transportation issue 

that most affected the coal industry in 2005 was the 

disruption of rail traffic from the Powder River Basin 

(PRB) due to track maintenance. In mid-May of 2005, 

there were two train derailments on the southern PRB joint 

line, caused in part by severe weather and coal dust on the 

rails. This resulted in an extensive program of track repair 

and replacement that affected the ability of mines in the 

area to ship coal to consumers throughout the country. The 

repair work on the joint line ended for the year in early 

December and was scheduled to start up again after the 

winter season. This incident reverberated throughout all 

aspects of the coal industry. Several consumers 

experienced major disruptions in coal shipments that then 

resulted in precariously low stock levels and led to a major 

scramble to find other sources of coal to help ease the 

situation. The Union Pacific Railroad instituted an 

embargo on new southern PRB business, and the spot 

market price of PRB coal hit record levels in the latter part 

of 2005. 

 
2 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table ES1. U.S. Coal Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 2004-2005 

 (Million Short Tons and Dollars per Short Ton) 

Item 2004 2005 

Production by Region 

 Appalachian 389.9 396.7 

 Interior 146.0 149.2 

 Western 575.2 585.0 

 Refuse Recovery 1.0 0.7 

Total 1,112.1 1,131.5 

Consumption by Sector 

 Electric Power 1,016.3 1,037.5 

 Coke Plants 23.7 23.4 

 Other Industrial Plants 62.2 60.3 

 Residential/Commercial 5.1 4.2 

Total 1,107.3 1,125.5 

 

Year-End Coal Stocks 

 Electric Power 106.7 101.1 

 Coke Plants 1.3 2.6 

 Other Industrial Plants 4.8 5.6 

 Producers/Distributors 41.2 35.0 

Total 154.0 144.3 

 

Average Delivered Price 

 Electric Utilities $27.30 $31.22 

 Coke Plants $61.50 $83.79 

 Other Industrial Plants $39.30 $47.63 

 

Average U.S. Open Market Mine Price $19.93 $23.59 

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sum of stock changes and consumption 

may not equal production, primarily because the supply and disposition data are obtained from different surveys. 

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2005, tables 1; 26; 27; 28; and 34; DOE/EIA-0584 

(2005) (Washington, DC, October 2006). 

Appalachian Region 

Coal production in the Appalachian Region increased in 

2005 by 6.8 million short tons, to end the year at 396.7 

million short tons, an increase of 1.7 percent. The 

increase in 2005 in coal production in the region was in 

part fueled by the rise in U.S. metallurgical coal exports 

(which are produced in the East) and the increases in 

spot coal prices in the region that occurred during the 

year. However, this is the first time the Appalachian 

Region has experienced four consecutive years of coal 

production of less than 400 million short tons since the 

1960s. 

Although the Appalachian Region produced more coal in 

2005 than in 2004, the production level was still 

encumbered by several factors. Transportation problems 

affected the amount of eastern coal moved to markets by 

railroads, although not to the extent of western rail 

problems affecting the southern PRB. Barge 

transportation of coal in 2005 from the region was 

curtailed due to river flooding, lock maintenance, lack of 

available barges, and blocked river locks due to sunken 

barges. The combination of reserve degradation in the 

region, along with the legacy of past lawsuits that had 

either temporarily halted or extended the review time for 

the issuance of needed permits for new mines or to 

expand current operations, continued to constrain the 

amount of coal produced. Increased operating costs 

(fuel, steel, explosives, training of new miners, etc,), 

along with some geological issues (roof falls, sandstone 

intrusions, and high methane gas levels), also contributed 

to the lackluster production levels in the region. 

However, only three States in the region had lower 

production levels in 2005 than in 2004. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 3

West Virginia, the largest coal-producing State in the 

Appalachian Region and the second largest in the United 

States, increased its coal output by 3.8 percent in 2005 to 

end the year with 153.7 million short tons of production, 

5.7 million short tons above the 2004 level. The increase 

in coal production in West Virginia was in part fueled by 

two new mines that began production in 2005 (Alpha 

Resources’ Seven Pines and Massey Energy’s Laurel 

Canyon), and in part by three mines that had opened in 

late 2004 and had a full year’s production in 2005 

(Miller Brothers’ Millers Creek; Dynamic Energy’s Coal 

Mountain No. 1; and Massey Energy’s Slip Ridge Cedar 

Grove). 

Eastern Kentucky coal production was 93.3 million short 

tons in 2005, up by 2.5 million short tons or 2.7 percent 

above 2004, reversing a three-year declining trend. The 

production increase in 2005 in Eastern Kentucky was in 

part driven by an entire year’s production at five mines 

that only had partial utilization in 2004. The increases in 

production in these five mines (Matrix Energy’s No. 1; 

Massey Energy’s White Cabin No. 7; Miller Brothers’ 

Trap Branch; R & R Mining’s Mine No. 30; and James 

River’s Mine No. 23) totaled 3.7 million short tons, more 

than offsetting the declines in production at various other 

Eastern Kentucky mines in 2005. Coal production in 

Pennsylvania in 2005 was 67.5 million short tons, an 

increase of 2.3 percent from 2004, or 1.5 million short 

tons. The expanded production levels at Foundation’s 

Cumberland and Emerald mines and Consol’s Bailey 

mine more than offset the drop in production due to the 

closing of Maple Creek’s High Quality mine as a result 

of a legal dispute with the State mining agency. 

Coal production in Ohio increased in 2005 to a total of 

24.7 million short tons, an increase of 6.4 percent, as 

both the Century and Powhatan longwall mines each 

expanded production by 0.8 million short tons. 

Tennessee increased its coal production in 2005 by 0.3 

million short tons as five new mines opened in the State. 

Coal production decreased in Alabama in 2005 by 4.2 

percent to 21.3 million short tons. Even though seven 

new mines opened in Alabama during 2005, total coal 

production was down for the year due to production 

declines at two existing mines. The Jim Walter 

Resources No. 5 mine was idle for a period of time 

during 2005 due to excess water entering the mine from 

a previously sealed area. Production also decreased in 

2005 at Drummond’s Shoal Creek mine, one of the 

largest mines in the State. Maryland’s coal production 

decreased slightly in 2005 by 0.8 percent, while coal 

production in Virginia decreased by 11.7 percent, or 3.7 

million short tons, ending the year with a total of 27.7 

million short tons. The drop in coal production in 

Virginia was primarily a result of the problems 

experienced at Consol’s Buchanan mine during the year. 

In February 2005, the Buchanan mine experienced a fire 

that shut the underground mine for a period of four 

months. In September, the mine experienced a 

malfunction of the system that transfers the coal from the 

mine to the surface that lasted for almost another four 

months. 

Figure ES1. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region, 2005 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2004) 

Regional totals do not include refuse recovery 

U.S. Total: 1,131.5 Million Short Tons (1.7%) 

Interior

149.2

(2.1%)

Western

585.0

(1.7%)

Appalachian

396.7

(1.7%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report, 2005, DOE/EIA-0584(2005) (Washington, DC, October 2006).
4 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Interior Region 

The Interior Region experienced an increase in coal 

production in 2005 of 3.1 million short tons, or 2.1 

percent, to achieve a total of 149.2 million short tons, the 

highest level seen in the region since 1999. The increase 

in coal production in the Interior Region was primarily a 

result of the increased coal production by mines in 

Western Kentucky, which accounted for almost 97 

percent of the total regional increase. Western Kentucky 

coal production rose by 3.0 million short tons in 2005 to 

end the year at a total of 26.4 million short tons, 13.0 

percent than in 2004. While several new mines in 

Western Kentucky contributed to the additional 

production, expansions at the Cardinal, East Volunteer, 

and Highland No. 9 mines were the key factor in the 

increase for the year. Texas is the largest coal-producing 

State in the Interior Region and it accounts for about 

one-third of the region’s coal production. In 2005, coal 

production in Texas increased slightly by 0.2 percent to 

end the year at 45.9 million short tons, as demand from 

coal-based electric generators in the State remained 

stable. 

Indiana, the second largest coal-producing State in the 

Interior Region, saw a decrease of 1.9 percent to 34.5 

million short tons in 2005. The decline in coal 

production in 2005 for Indiana was in large part a 

consequence of the idling of Kindill Mining’s No. 2 

mine near the end of 2004. Coal production in Illinois 

rose slightly by 0.5 percent to end the year at 32.0 

million short tons, as two new mines began production in 

2005, North American Auger Mining’s N.A.A.M. No. 11 

mine and Knight Hawk Coal’s Prairie Eagle mine. The 

other States in the Interior Region (Arkansas, Kansas, 

Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Oklahoma), which 

accounted for a total of 6.9 percent of the entire Region’s 

production in 2005, all had slight changes from their 

2004 coal production levels. 

Western Region 

Coal production in the Western Region increased in 2005 

by 1.7 percent to a total of 585.0 million short tons, 51.7 

percent of total U.S. coal production. The increase of 1.7 

percent resulted in another record level for the region, 

surpassing the 2004 level by 9.8 million short tons. Even 

with the record level of coal production, four of the nine 

States in the Western Region had lower coal production 

levels in 2005: Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and 

Washington. 

Wyoming continued its dominance as the biggest coalproducing State in the Nation, a position it has held since 

1988. In 2005, Wyoming produced a record 404.3 

million short tons of coal, an increase of 2.0 percent for 

the year. The sheer dominance of Wyoming’s coal 

industry in the United States is illustrated by the fact that 

Wyoming accounted for about 69.1 percent of the 

Western Region; produced 7.7 million short tons more 

than the entire Appalachian Region; produced almost 

three times the Interior Region; and produced 35.7 

percent of the total U.S. coal production for the year. 

Also, if the 26 States that produced coal in 2005 were 

ranked by descending total production levels, Wyoming 

produced 63.4 million short tons more than the next three 

largest coal-producing States (West Virginia, Kentucky, 

and Pennsylvania) combined, and 18.7 million short tons 

more coal than the combined total of the States ranked 

5th through 26th. Although there were declines in coal 

production in several mines in Wyoming in 2005, in part 

due to the shipping issues related to the reduced capacity 

of the railroads during the maintenance work on the 

southern PRB, the expansion in production and 

shipments at Peabody’s Caballo and Rawhide mines in 

the northern PRB accounted for most of the increase for 

the year. 

In 2005, Montana was the second largest coal-producing 

State in the Western Region, with a total amount of coal 

produced of 40.4 million short tons, a slight increase 

over 2004 of 0.9 percent. Even with an increase in coal 

production in Montana in 2005, it was still below the 

record level set by the State in 1998 of 42.8 million short 

tons. Although there was a decrease in production at 

Decker Coal’s Decker mine, the increases in production 

at Spring Creek Coal’s Spring Creek mine and Western 

Energy’s Rosebud mine in the northern PRB more than 

offset the decline. Colorado had a decline in its coal 

production in 2005, ending the year with a total of 38.5 

million short tons, a decrease of 1.4 million short tons 

from 2004, due in part to the temporary closing of 

Mountain Coal’s West Elk mine due to high carbon 

monoxide levels experienced in the latter part of the 

year. 

Coal production in Utah in 2005 increased by 12.8 

percent to a level of 24.5 million short tons. The 2.8-

million-short-ton increase in Utah was a result of the 

increased in production at three mines in the State: 

Consol Coal’s Emery, Canyon Fuel’s Dugout Canyon, 

and Genwal Resources’ Crandall Canyon. The Emery 

mine, which had been inactive for a period of time, 

restarted production in late 2004 and continued to 

produce for all of 2005, while expansions at the Dugout 

and Crandall Canyon mines added to the increased coal 

production level for the year. 

Coal production in New Mexico increased by 1.3 million 

short tons in 2005 to end the year with at total of 28.5 

million short tons, an increase of 4.7 percent, attributable 

to the increased production level at BHP’s Navajo mine. 

Coal production in 2005 in North Dakota was 30.0 

million short tons, and production in Alaska was 1.5 

million short tons, both about the same level as the prior 

year. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 5

Table ES2. U.S. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region and State, 2004-2005 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region 

and State 2004 2005 

Appalachian Total 

 

 389.9 

 

 396.7 

 Alabama 22.3 21.3 

 Kentucky, Eastern 90.9 93.3 

 Maryland 5.2 5.2 

 Ohio 23.2 24.7 

 Pennsylvania Total 66.0 67.5 

 Anthracite 1.7 1.6 

 Bituminous 64.3 65.8 

 Tennessee 2.9 3.2 

 Virginia 31.4 27.7 

 West Virginia 148.0 153.7 

 Northern 40.6 42.6 

 Southern 107.3 111.0 

 

Interior Total 

 

 146.0 149.2 

 Arkansas * * 

 Illinois 31.9 32.0 

 Indiana 35.1 34.5 

 Kansas 0.1 0.2 

 Kentucky, Western 23.4 26.4 

 Louisiana 3.8 4.2 

 Mississippi 3.6 3.6 

 Missouri 0.6 0.6 

 Oklahoma 1.8 1.9 

 Texas 45.9 45.9 

 

Western Total 575.2 585.0 

 Alaska 1.5 1.5 

 Arizona 12.7 12.1 

 Colorado 39.9 38.5 

 Montana 40.0 40.4 

 New Mexico 27.3 28.5 

 North Dakota 29.9 30.0 

 Utah 21.7 24.5 

 Washington 5.7 5.3 

 Wyoming 396.5 404.3 

Refuse Recovery 1.0 0.7 

U.S. Total 

 1,112.1 1,131.5 

________________________________________________________________________ 

* = Less than 50 thousand short tons. 

Note: Totals may not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine Employment 

and Coal Production Report." 
6 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Arizona and Washington both had declines in their coal 

production levels in 2005. Arizona, which has two 

mines, Peabody’s Kayenta and Black Mesa mines, had a 

decrease of 0.7 million short tons to end the year at a 

total of 12.1 million short tons. Washington, which has 

only one mine, the Trans Alta’s Centralia mine, had a 

decrease of 0.4 million short tons to end the year at a 

total of 5.3 million short tons. The decline in coal 

production in Washington was in part due to increased 

hydro-electric generation in the State in 2005. 

Consumption 

The combination of the continuing economic expansion 

with the warmer summer weather over most of the 

country in 2005 pushed total U.S. coal consumption to 

another record level. Data show that total coal 

consumption increased 18.2 million short tons to reach a 

level of 1,125.5 million short tons, an increase of 1.6 

percent. Accounting for about 92 percent of all coal 

consumed in the United States, the electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers) is the 

driving force for all coal consumption. The other coalconsuming sectors (coking coal, other industrial, and 

residential and commercial sectors) had some changes in 

their consumption totals. The other industrial sector had 

a decline in coal consumption in 2005 of 3.0 percent, 

while the coking coal sector had a decrease of 1.0 

percent. The residential and commercial sector, the 

smallest of all coal consuming sectors, (accounting for 

less than one half of one percent of total consumption), 

declined by 0.9 million short tons in 2005. 

Coal consumption in the electric power sector increased 

by 21.2 million short tons to end 2005 at a record level of 

1,037.5 million short tons (Figure ES2). Although coal 

consumption by the electric power sector increased by 

2.1 percent in 2005, coal-based generation increased at a 

slightly lower rate, 1.8 percent, reflecting the higher 

volumes of lower Btu western coals (subbituminous and 

lignite) necessary to generate an equivalent amount of 

electricity. Even though there was an increase in coal 

consumption for electricity generation, coal’s share of 

total generation declined slightly, decreasing by 0.6 

percent. Nationally, total generation in the electric 

power sector from all fuels increased in 2005 by 2.4 

percent, with a substantial gain in electricity generation 

by natural gas, helping to replace the loss in generation 

from nuclear facilities in the U.S. (Figure ES3). The 

increase in electric generation by natural gas plants of 

8.9 percent in 2005 was due to in large part to the 

numerous new natural gas-fired generating facilities 

which came on-line in the last several years. In 2005, 

almost 84 percent of the 18 gigawatts of new capacity to 

come on line during the year were natural gas-fired, 

while new coal-fired capacity was less than 3 percent. 

The 2005 decrease in nuclear generation of 0.8 percent 

from 2004’s record level of generation was a result of 

scheduled outages for maintenance and refueling. 

There are two major factors that influence total electric 

generation: economic growth and weather. Economic 

growth continued throughout 2005. For the year, the 

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the U.S. increased by 

3.5 percent. As for the weather, although it was a mild 

 Figure ES2. Electric Power Sector Consumption of Coal by Census Division, 2005 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2004) 

U.S. Total = 1,016.3 (1.1 %)

Pacific

Contiguous

9.9 (-8.0%)

Pacific

Noncontiguous

1.2 (6.2%)

Mountain

118.8 (1.9%)

West

North Central

147.4 (-1.0%)

West South Central

153.4 (1.1%)

East

South Central

109.2 (2.2%)

South Atlantic

173.7 (1.0%)

Middle Atlantic

65.8 (1.7%)

New England

8.3 (1.8%)

East

North Central

228.6 (1.9%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.” 

Pacific 

Contiguous 

10.0 (0.9%) 

Pacific 

Noncontiguous 

1.1 (-4.4%) 

Mountain 

119.8 (0.8%) 149.0 (1.1%) 

113.2 (3.7%) 

9.0 (7.8%) 

68.5 (4.1%) 

179.5 (3.4%) 

234.3 (2.5%)

U.S. Total = 1,037.5 (2.1%) 

153.0 (-0.2%)
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 7

winter, it was a hot summer in 2005. According to data 

from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration (NOAA), compared to 2004, cooling 

degree-days in 2005 were higher for the country as a 

whole, by 14.9 percent, while heating degree-days were 

only 0.1 percent higher. The summer weather in 2005 

was also significantly warmer (22.1 percent) than normal 

(30-year average) for the nation, while the winter 

weather (January through March) was only marginally 

warmer (4.5 percent) than normal. 

Of the nine Census Divisions, coal is a minor component 

(less than 20 percent) in the fuel mix for electricity 

generation in two Divisions, New England and Pacific, 

and a major component (more than 50 percent) in five 

Divisions, East North Central, West North Central, South 

Atlantic, East South Central, and Mountain. In the other 

two divisions, coal is one of the two main fuel sources 

for the electric power sector. In the Middle Atlantic, 

coal competes with nuclear power for dominance, while 

in the West South Central coal competes with natural 

gas. 

Eight of the nine Census Divisions had increases in coal 

consumption in the electric power sector in 2005, while 

seven of those eight had increases in coal generation. 

However, slightly more than half of the total increase in 

coal consumption in the electric power sector was 

attributable to two of the nine Census Divisions, the 

South Atlantic and the East North Central. In the South 

Atlantic Division, where coal’s share of electric 

generation is about 53 percent, total generation increased 

by 3.3 percent in 2005, while coal-based generation 

increased by 3.0 percent. The increase in 2005 in coalbased generation resulted in an increase of 5.9 million 

short tons, or 3.4 percent in coal consumed in the electric 

power sector in the South Atlantic Division. Coal 

accounts for over 70 percent of all electric generation in 

the East North Central Division, making it the largest 

coal consuming region for the electric power sector with 

about 23 percent of all coal consumed for electric 

generation in the U.S. in 2005. Coal consumption for the 

electric power sector in this Division increased in 2005 

by 5.7 million short tons, or 2.5 percent, and that 

increase represents one quarter of the total increase in 

U.S. coal consumption in the electric power sector for 

the year. Total generation in the East North Central 

Division increased in 2005 by 2.9 percent, while coalbased generation increased by 2.2 percent (Table ES3). 

Two of the Census Divisions, the East South Central and 

the Middle Atlantic, accounted for about one-third of the 

total increase in coal consumption in the electric power 

sector in 2005. 

The East South Central Division had an increase of 1.5 

percent in total generation in 2005 and an increase of 2.7 

percent in coal-based generation. Coal consumption in 

the East South Central Division in the electric power 

sector increased by 4.0 million short tons, or 3.7 percent 

in 2005. The Middle Atlantic Census Division had an 

increase of 4.3 percent in total generation and an increase 

of 1.9 percent in coal-based generation, which resulted in 

an increase in coal consumption of 2.7 million short tons, 

or 4.1 percent. 

In two of the Census Divisions, the Mountain and the 

West North Central, coal accounts for over 60 percent of 

the fuel mix for electric generation. Each of these 

Census Divisions accounted for about 7 percent of the 

total increase in coal consumption in 2005 for the electric 

Table ES3. Electric Power Sector Net Generation,

 2004-2005 (Million Kilowatthours) 

Census 

Division 2004 2005 

Percent 

Change 

New England 

 Coal 19,024 20,220 6.3

 Total 126,832 128,815 1.6

 

Middle Atlantic 

 Coal 148,401 151,190 1.9

 Total 401,317 418,614 4.3

 

East North 

Central 

 Coal 449,078 459,062 2.2

 Total 633,442 651,726 2.9

 

West North 

Central 

 Coal 228,016 230,271 1.0

 Total 295,280 299,713 1.5

 

South Atlantic 

 Coal 412,433 424,999 3.0

 Total 775,681 801,066 3.3

 

East South 

Central 

 Coal 234,796 241,173 2.7

 Total 362,445 367,904 1.5

 

West South 

Central 

 Coal 228,415 227,675 -0.3

 Total 528,683 540,497 2.2

 

Mountain 

 Coal 219,311 219,829 0.2

 Total 341,220 345,705 1.3

 

Pacific 

 Coal 17,719 17,641 -0.4

 Total 343,461 347,415 1.2

 

U.S. Total 

 Coal 1,957,194 1,992,060 1.8

 Total 3,808,360 3,901,457 2.4

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, 

"Power Plant Report." 
8 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

power sector. In the Mountain Census Division in 2005 

total generation increased by only 1.3 percent, while 

coal-based generation increased by only 0.2 percent. 

This slight increase in coal-based generation resulted in 

an increase of 0.9 million short tons, or 0.8 percent, in 

coal consumption in 2005. The West North Central 

Division had an increase in 2005 of 1.5 percent in total 

generation and 1.0 percent increase in coal generation. 

Coal consumption for electric generation in the West 

North Central Division increased by 1.6 million short 

tons in 2005, or 1.1 percent. 

In the West South Central Census Division, coal 

competes directly with natural gas as the main fuel for 

the electric power sector. In 2005 in the West South 

Central Division, total generation in the electric power 

sector increased by 2.2 percent, while coal-based 

generation declined by 0.3 percent, resulting in a 

decrease in coal consumption of only 0.3 million short 

tons. All of the increase in electricity generation in the 

West South Central Division was fueled by natural gas 

which increased by 8.8 percent in 2005. In the other two 

Census Divisions, New England and Pacific, coal is a 

small component in the fuel mix for the electric power 

sector, and there were minor changes in coal 

consumption in those two Divisions in 2005. 

Coal consumption in the non-electric power sector 

declined in 2005. Although a new coke plant (the first 

one in 7 years) began production early in the year, coal 

consumption at coke plants still decreased slightly in 

2005 (0.2 million short tons) to end the year at 23.4 

million short tons. Even with the slight decline in U.S. 

coke production in 2005, concerns about the availability 

and price of coke in the international market resulted in 

decisions to: 1) expand the capacity at the newest coke 

plant (construct an additional 100 coke ovens); 2) build 

another new coke plant; and 3) refurbish a previously 

closed coke plant. 

Even though the GDP grew by 3.5 percent, the economic 

growth did not extend into the coal-fired manufacturing 

sector in 2005, and as a result, coal consumption in the 

other industrial sector declined by 1.9 million short tons 

to end the year at 60.3 million short tons. The slight 

increases in coal consumption in 2005 experienced in 

some manufacturing sectors (food and fabricated metal) 

were more than offset by decreases in coal consumption 

in other manufacturing sectors (beverage, textile, paper, 

chemical, nonmetallic mineral, primary metal, and 

transportation equipment). Coal consumption in the 

residential and commercial sector declined by 0.9 million 

short tons in 2005. 

Coal Prices

For the second year in a row, coal prices rose across the 

board. The average open market f.o.b. (free on board) 

mine price increased in 2005 to $23.59 per ton, an 

increase of 18.3 percent over 2004, a price level not seen 

since the mid-1980’s. While spot coal prices for some of 

the producing regions set record levels again in 2005, 

average delivered prices in the consuming sectors 

increased for the year but, for most, not as steeply as the 

spot prices. The majority of coal deliveries to the 

electric power sector are through long-term contracts, 

sometimes in conjunction with spot purchases to 

supplement demand. Averaged delivered coal prices at 

electric utilities (a subset of the electric power sector) 

increased for a fifth consecutive year, to $31.22 per short 

ton, an increase of 14.4 percent. The increase in the 

delivered price of coal to the other sectors increased even 

more significantly in 2005 as both the coking coal sector 

and the other industrial sector rely more heavily on shortterm contracts and the spot market. The average 

delivered price of coal to the other industrial sector 

increased by 21.2 percent to an average price of $47.63 

per short ton in 2005. However, the largest increase in 

consumer prices was in the coking coal sector. The tight 

specifications needed for coal to produce coke limit the 

availability of the coal. With a tight world market for 

metallurgical coal coupled with the U.S. metallurgical 

coal production issues that occurred in 2005, the average 

delivered price of coal to U.S. coke plants increased by 

36.2 percent to reach a average price of $83.79 per short 

ton in 2005. 

Figure ES3. Share of Electric Power Sector Net 

Generation by Energy Source, 

2004 vs. 2005 

51.4

4.7

16.5

6.7

20.7

4.7

17.5

6.7

51.1

20.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Nuclear Hydro Natural Gas Petroleum and

Other

Coal

Percent

2004 2005

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, 

"Power Plant Report."
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 9

Coal Stocks 

Total coal stocks at the end of 2005 were 144.3 million 

short tons, a decrease of 9.7 million short tons from the 

prior year. Coal stocks held by producers and 

distributors decreased by 6.2 million short tons. 

Industrial users, including coke plants, held a total of 8.2 

million short tons at the end of 2005, 2.0 million short 

tons more than the level at the start of the year. Coal 

stocks in the electric power sector dropped for the third 

consecutive year in 2005, declining by 5.5 million short 

tons (5.2 percent), to end the year at 101.1 million short 

tons, as power facilities used their stockpiles to meet 

increasing demand for electricity. 
10 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 11

Coal Production 
12 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2005-2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2005 2004 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama .................................................... 53 21,339 49 22,271 8.2 -4.2

 Underground............................................ 9 13,295 8 16,114 12.5 -17.5

 Surface..................................................... 44 8,044 41 6,156 7.3 30.7

Alaska ........................................................ 1 1,454 1 1,512 - -3.8

 Surface..................................................... 1 1,454 1 1,512 - -3.8

Arizona ...................................................... 2 12,072 2 12,731 - -5.2

 Surface..................................................... 2 12,072 2 12,731 - -5.2

Arkansas.................................................... 1 3 2 7 -50.0 -65.0

 Underground............................................ - - 1 1 -100.0 -100.0

 Surface..................................................... 1 3 1 6 - -59.9

Colorado.................................................... 13 38,510 13 39,870 - -3.4

 Underground............................................ 8 28,439 8 29,608 - -3.9

 Surface..................................................... 5 10,071 5 10,262 - -1.9

Illinois ........................................................ 20 32,014 19 31,853 5.3 0.5

 Underground............................................ 12 26,343 12 26,907 - -2.1

 Surface..................................................... 8 5,671 7 4,946 14.3 14.7

Indiana....................................................... 29 34,457 29 35,110 - -1.9

 Underground............................................ 8 11,189 7 10,092 14.3 10.9

 Surface..................................................... 21 23,268 22 25,018 -4.5 -7.0

Kansas........................................................ 1 171 1 71 - 141.6

 Surface..................................................... 1 171 1 71 - 141.6

Kentucky Total ......................................... 432 119,734 419 114,244 3.1 4.8

 Underground............................................ 224 73,702 223 71,765 * 2.7

 Surface..................................................... 208 46,032 196 42,478 6.1 8.4

 Eastern...................................................... 404 93,322 397 90,871 1.8 2.7

 Underground............................................ 211 52,054 212 52,445 * -0.7

 Surface..................................................... 193 41,269 185 38,426 4.3 7.4

 Western..................................................... 28 26,412 22 23,373 27.3 13.0

 Underground............................................ 13 21,648 11 19,321 18.2 12.0

 Surface..................................................... 15 4,763 11 4,052 36.4 17.5

Louisiana ................................................... 2 4,161 2 3,805 - 9.3

 Surface..................................................... 2 4,161 2 3,805 - 9.3

Maryland................................................... 16 5,183 19 5,225 -15.8 -0.8

 Underground............................................ 3 3,175 3 3,339 - -4.9

 Surface..................................................... 13 2,009 16 1,886 -18.8 6.5

Mississippi ................................................. 1 3,555 1 3,586 - -0.9

 Surface..................................................... 1 3,555 1 3,586 - -0.9

Missouri..................................................... 2 598 3 578 -33.3 3.4

 Surface..................................................... 2 598 3 578 -33.3 3.4

Montana .................................................... 6 40,354 6 39,989 - 0.9

 Underground............................................ 1 162 1 158 - 3.0

 Surface..................................................... 5 40,192 5 39,831 - 0.9

New Mexico............................................... 4 28,519 4 27,250 - 4.7

 Underground............................................ 1 7,905 1 7,685 - 2.9

 Surface..................................................... 3 20,613 3 19,565 - 5.4

North Dakota ............................................ 4 29,956 4 29,943 - *

 Surface..................................................... 4 29,956 4 29,943 - *

Ohio............................................................ 54 24,718 52 23,222 3.8 6.4

 Underground............................................ 10 15,823 8 14,270 25.0 10.9

 Surface..................................................... 44 8,896 44 8,952 - -0.6

Oklahoma.................................................. 9 1,856 8 1,792 12.5 3.6

 Underground............................................ 1 465 1 409 - 13.8

 Surface..................................................... 8 1,391 7 1,383 14.3 0.6

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 266 67,494 260 65,996 2.3 2.3

 Underground............................................ 53 54,563 58 53,224 -8.6 2.5

 Surface..................................................... 213 12,931 202 12,772 5.4 1.2

 Anthracite................................................. 68 1,645 66 1,679 3.0 -2.0

 Underground............................................ 14 264 20 271 -30.0 -2.3

 Surface..................................................... 54 1,380 46 1,408 17.4 -2.0

 Bituminous ............................................... 198 65,849 194 64,317 2.1 2.4

 Underground............................................ 39 54,298 38 52,953 2.6 2.5

 Surface..................................................... 159 11,551 156 11,364 1.9 1.6

Tennessee................................................... 28 3,217 32 2,887 -12.5 11.4

 Underground............................................ 13 1,224 12 826 8.3 48.2

 Surface..................................................... 15 1,993 20 2,061 -25.0 -3.3

Texas.......................................................... 13 45,939 13 45,863 - 0.2

 Surface..................................................... 13 45,939 13 45,863 - 0.2

Utah............................................................ 13 24,521 13 21,746 - 12.8

 Underground............................................ 13 24,521 13 21,746 - 12.8

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 13

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2005-2004 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2005 2004 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Virginia...................................................... 132 27,743 123 31,420 7.3 -11.7

 Underground............................................ 83 16,386 77 20,437 7.8 -19.8

 Surface..................................................... 49 11,357 46 10,983 6.5 3.4

Washington ............................................... 1 5,266 1 5,653 - -6.9

 Surface..................................................... 1 5,266 1 5,653 - -6.9

West Virginia Total.................................. 277 153,650 261 147,993 6.1 3.8

 Underground............................................ 166 91,009 152 90,932 9.2 *

 Surface..................................................... 111 62,641 109 57,061 1.8 9.8

 Northern................................................... 50 42,628 49 40,646 2.0 4.9

 Underground............................................ 29 37,590 27 36,082 7.4 4.2

 Surface..................................................... 21 5,037 22 4,564 -4.5 10.4

 Southern ................................................... 227 111,022 212 107,347 7.1 3.4

 Underground............................................ 137 53,419 125 54,851 9.6 -2.6

 Surface..................................................... 90 57,603 87 52,497 3.4 9.7

Wyoming ................................................... 18 404,319 20 396,493 -10.0 2.0

 Underground............................................ 1 410 1 43 - NM

 Surface..................................................... 17 403,908 19 396,450 -10.5 1.9

 

Appalachian Total.................................... 1,230 396,666 1,193 389,884 3.1 1.7

 Underground............................................ 548 247,528 530 251,588 3.4 -1.6

 Surface..................................................... 682 149,139 663 138,297 2.9 7.8

 Northern................................................... 386 140,023 380 135,089 1.6 3.7

 Underground............................................ 95 111,151 96 106,915 -1.0 4.0

 Surface..................................................... 291 28,873 284 28,174 2.5 2.5

 Central...................................................... 790 235,297 764 232,525 3.4 1.2

 Underground............................................ 443 123,075 426 128,559 4.0 -4.3

 Surface..................................................... 347 112,222 338 103,966 2.7 7.9

 Southern ................................................... 54 21,347 49 22,271 10.2 -4.1

 Underground............................................ 10 13,303 8 16,114 25.0 -17.4

 Surface..................................................... 44 8,044 41 6,156 7.3 30.7

Interior Total ............................................ 106 149,165 100 146,038 6.0 2.1

 Underground............................................ 34 59,645 32 56,729 6.3 5.1

 Surface..................................................... 72 89,520 68 89,309 5.9 0.2

Illinois Basin Total ................................... 77 92,883 70 90,336 10.0 2.8

 Underground............................................ 33 59,180 30 56,319 10.0 5.1

 Surface..................................................... 44 33,703 40 34,016 10.0 -0.9

Western Total ........................................... 62 584,970 64 575,186 -3.1 1.7

 Underground............................................ 24 61,438 24 59,240 - 3.7

 Surface..................................................... 38 523,532 40 515,946 -5.0 1.5

 Powder River Basin................................. 16 429,996 17 420,992 -5.9 2.1

 Underground............................................ - - - - - -

 Surface..................................................... 16 429,996 17 420,992 -5.9 2.1

 Uinta Region ............................................ 24 62,145 24 60,744 - 2.3

 Underground............................................ 20 52,495 20 50,896 - 3.1

 Surface..................................................... 4 9,650 4 9,848 - -2.0

 

East of Miss. River ................................... 1,308 493,105 1,264 483,806 3.5 1.9

West of Miss. River .................................. 90 637,697 93 627,303 -3.2 1.7

 

U.S. Subtotal ............................................. 1,398 1,130,802 1,357 1,111,109 3.0 1.8

 

Refuse Recovery ....................................... 17 696 22 990 -22.7 -29.6

 

U.S. Total................................................... 1,415 1,131,498 1,379 1,112,099 2.6 1.7

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

 * Quantity is less than 0.5 thousand short tons or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 NM = Changes of 500 percent or more are not shown. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
14 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2005 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama ................................................... 9 13,295 44 8,044 53 21,339

 Bibb ......................................................... - - 1 58 1 58

 Cullman ................................................... - - 3 760 3 760

 Franklin ................................................... - - 1 84 1 84

 Jackson .................................................... 1 7 3 100 4 107

 Jefferson .................................................. 3 4,029 10 1,993 13 6,021

 Marion ..................................................... - - 3 157 3 157

 Shelby...................................................... - - 1 102 1 102

 Tuscaloosa............................................... 4 9,168 5 1,414 9 10,581

 Walker..................................................... 1 92 15 3,065 16 3,156

 Winston ................................................... - - 2 312 2 312

Alaska ....................................................... - - 1 1,454 1 1,454

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division....................... - - 1 1,454 1 1,454

Arizona ..................................................... - - 2 12,072 2 12,072

 Navajo ..................................................... - - 2 12,072 2 12,072

Arkansas ................................................... - - 1 3 1 3

 Sebastian.................................................. - - 1 3 1 3

Colorado ................................................... 8 28,439 5 10,071 13 38,510

 Delta ........................................................ 2 4,071 - - 2 4,071

 Garfield.................................................... 1 261 - - 1 261

 Gunnison ................................................. 2 12,122 - - 2 12,122

 La Plata.................................................... 1 466 - - 1 466

 Moffat...................................................... - - 3 8,504 3 8,504

 Montrose.................................................. - - 1 421 1 421

 Rio Blanco............................................... 1 2,149 - - 1 2,149

 Routt ........................................................ 1 9,370 1 1,146 2 10,516

Illinois ....................................................... 12 26,343 8 5,671 20 32,014

 Gallatin .................................................... - - 2 2,702 2 2,702

 Jackson .................................................... - - 2 1,843 2 1,843

 Macoupin................................................. 3 6,445 - - 3 6,445

 Perry ........................................................ - - 3 1,109 3 1,109

 Randolph ................................................. 1 508 - - 1 508

 Saline....................................................... 3 10,322 - - 3 10,322

 Sangamon ................................................ 1 2,332 - - 1 2,332

 Vermilion................................................. 2 2,376 - - 2 2,376

 Wabash .................................................... 1 1,726 1 17 2 1,743

 White ....................................................... 1 2,635 - - 1 2,635

Indiana ...................................................... 8 11,189 21 23,268 29 34,457

 Clay ......................................................... 1 27 1 929 2 955

 Crawford.................................................. - - 1 208 1 208

 Daviess .................................................... - - 2 3,542 2 3,542

 Gibson ..................................................... 3 5,179 4 9,723 7 14,902

 Knox ........................................................ 3 2,760 3 1,241 6 4,001

 Pike.......................................................... 1 3,223 4 1,719 5 4,942

 Spencer.................................................... - - 1 217 1 217

 Sullivan.................................................... - - 1 15 1 15

 Vigo......................................................... - - 2 4,295 2 4,295

 Warrick.................................................... - - 2 1,379 2 1,379

Kansas ....................................................... - - 1 171 1 171

 Bourbon................................................... - - 1 171 1 171

Kentucky .................................................. 224 73,702 208 46,032 432 119,734

 Bell .......................................................... 6 561 8 533 14 1,095

 Boyd ........................................................ - - 1 * 1 *

 Breathitt................................................... 1 162 6 1,299 7 1,461

 Carter....................................................... - - 1 25 1 25

 Clay ......................................................... 1 220 2 22 3 242

 Elliott....................................................... - - 1 39 1 39

 Floyd........................................................ 22 1,469 9 1,661 31 3,130

 Harlan ...................................................... 34 8,457 14 2,243 48 10,701

 Henderson................................................ 1 1,559 2 1,355 3 2,914

 Hopkins ................................................... 5 5,067 3 1,212 8 6,279

 Jackson .................................................... - - 3 52 3 52

 Johnson.................................................... - - 7 331 7 331

 Knott........................................................ 20 6,386 15 3,962 35 10,348

 Knox ........................................................ 6 156 7 720 13 876

 Laurel....................................................... - - 3 154 3 154

 Lawrence ................................................. 2 665 10 1,939 12 2,604

 Lee ........................................................... - - 1 3 1 3

 Leslie ....................................................... 5 3,214 7 1,933 12 5,147

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 15

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2005 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Letcher..................................................... 25 5,578 19 2,941 44 8,520

 Magoffin.................................................. - - 4 1,292 4 1,292

 Martin ...................................................... 8 4,142 3 1,170 11 5,312

 Morgan .................................................... - - 1 12 1 12

 Muhlenberg ............................................. 1 2,314 9 2,081 10 4,395

 Ohio......................................................... 1 1,319 - - 1 1,319

 Owsley..................................................... - - 2 36 2 36

 Perry ........................................................ 10 4,545 19 8,546 29 13,091

 Pike.......................................................... 68 16,390 44 11,984 112 28,374

 Rockcastle ............................................... - - 1 61 1 61

 Union....................................................... 2 4,980 1 115 3 5,096

 Webster.................................................... 3 6,409 - - 3 6,409

 Whitley .................................................... 3 109 4 307 7 416

 Wolfe....................................................... - - 1 1 1 1

Louisiana .................................................. - - 2 4,161 2 4,161

 De Soto.................................................... - - 1 3,563 1 3,563

 Red River................................................. - - 1 598 1 598

Maryland .................................................. 3 3,175 13 2,009 16 5,183

 Allegany .................................................. 1 159 8 1,152 9 1,311

 Garrett...................................................... 2 3,016 5 856 7 3,872

Mississippi ................................................ - - 1 3,555 1 3,555

 Choctaw................................................... - - 1 3,555 1 3,555

Missouri .................................................... - - 2 598 2 598

 Bates ........................................................ - - 2 598 2 598

Montana ................................................... 1 162 5 40,192 6 40,354

 Big Horn.................................................. - - 3 26,485 3 26,485

 Musselshell.............................................. 1 162 - - 1 162

 Richland................................................... - - 1 330 1 330

 Rosebud................................................... - - 1 13,377 1 13,377

New Mexico .............................................. 1 7,905 3 20,613 4 28,519

 Mckinley.................................................. - - 2 10,818 2 10,818

 San Juan................................................... 1 7,905 1 9,795 2 17,701

North Dakota ........................................... - - 4 29,956 4 29,956

 Mclean..................................................... - - 1 7,743 1 7,743

 Mercer ..................................................... - - 2 17,845 2 17,845

 Oliver....................................................... - - 1 4,368 1 4,368

Ohio ........................................................... 10 15,823 44 8,896 54 24,718

 Athens...................................................... 1 1,149 - - 1 1,149

 Belmont ................................................... 1 5,343 5 1,758 6 7,101

 Carroll...................................................... 1 315 2 190 3 505

 Columbiana ............................................. - - 3 433 3 433

 Coshocton................................................ - - 1 419 1 419

 Harrison................................................... 2 1,379 8 1,835 10 3,214

 Jackson .................................................... - - 2 394 2 394

 Jefferson .................................................. 2 687 6 283 8 970

 Lawrence ................................................. - - 1 1 1 1

 Mahoning................................................. - - 2 13 2 13

 Monroe .................................................... 1 6,631 - - 1 6,631

 Muskingum.............................................. - - 1 31 1 31

 Noble ....................................................... - - 1 501 1 501

 Perry ........................................................ 1 14 2 803 3 816

 Stark......................................................... - - 3 323 3 323

 Tuscarawas .............................................. 1 306 5 1,041 6 1,348

 Vinton...................................................... - - 2 871 2 871

Oklahoma ................................................. 1 465 8 1,391 9 1,856

 Craig ........................................................ - - 1 302 1 302

 Haskell..................................................... - - 1 409 1 409

 Le Flore ................................................... 1 465 4 466 5 932

 Okmulgee ................................................ - - 1 5 1 5

 Rogers...................................................... - - 1 208 1 208

Pennsylvania ............................................ 53 54,563 213 12,931 266 67,494

 Allegheny ................................................ - - 1 42 1 42

 Armstrong................................................ 11 4,401 13 905 24 5,307

 Beaver...................................................... 1 382 - - 1 382

 Bedford.................................................... - - 1 * 1 *

 Butler....................................................... - - 5 320 5 320

 Cambria ................................................... 2 707 9 458 11 1,165

 Cameron .................................................. - - 1 40 1 40

 Centre ...................................................... - - 1 27 1 27

 Clarion..................................................... - - 3 374 3 374

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
16 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2005 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Clearfield................................................. 1 368 41 3,376 42 3,743

 Columbia ................................................. - - 4 385 4 385

 Elk ........................................................... 1 474 7 436 8 910

 Fayette ..................................................... - - 12 548 12 548

 Greene ..................................................... 8 39,808 4 26 12 39,834

 Indiana..................................................... 5 2,598 16 1,089 21 3,686

 Jefferson .................................................. 1 169 14 539 15 708

 Lackawanna............................................. - - 2 17 2 17

 Lawrence ................................................. - - 2 20 2 20

 Luzerne.................................................... - - 6 341 6 341

 Lycoming................................................. - - 1 214 1 214

 Mercer ..................................................... - - 1 112 1 112

 Northumberland ...................................... 3 183 7 115 10 299

 Schuylkill................................................. 11 81 35 522 46 603

 Somerset .................................................. 7 1,450 16 2,390 23 3,841

 Venango................................................... - - 1 5 1 5

 Washington.............................................. 2 3,940 4 393 6 4,334

 Westmoreland.......................................... - - 6 236 6 236

Tennessee .................................................. 13 1,224 15 1,993 28 3,217

 Anderson ................................................. 1 19 1 27 2 47

 Campbell ................................................. 4 435 4 291 8 725

 Claiborne ................................................. 5 716 8 1,604 13 2,320

 Cumberland ............................................. 1 10 1 38 2 47

 Fentress.................................................... - - 1 33 1 33

 Grundy..................................................... 1 8 - - 1 8

 Scott......................................................... 1 36 - - 1 36

Texas ......................................................... - - 13 45,939 13 45,939

 Atascosa................................................... - - 1 3,329 1 3,329

 Bastrop..................................................... - - 1 2,552 1 2,552

 Freestone ................................................. - - 1 4,438 1 4,438

 Harrison................................................... - - 1 4,603 1 4,603

 Hopkins ................................................... - - 1 2,509 1 2,509

 Leon......................................................... - - 1 6,916 1 6,916

 Milam ...................................................... - - 1 3,202 1 3,202

 Panola ...................................................... - - 2 7,028 2 7,028

 Robertson................................................. - - 1 2,179 1 2,179

 Rusk......................................................... - - 1 5,983 1 5,983

 Titus......................................................... - - 2 3,200 2 3,200

Utah ........................................................... 13 24,521 - - 13 24,521

 Carbon ..................................................... 6 9,620 - - 6 9,620

 Emery ...................................................... 6 7,332 - - 6 7,332

 Sevier....................................................... 1 7,569 - - 1 7,569

Virginia ..................................................... 83 16,386 49 11,357 132 27,743

 Buchanan................................................. 22 4,821 13 2,935 35 7,756

 Dickenson................................................ 14 2,021 7 546 21 2,567

 Lee ........................................................... 2 322 2 307 4 629

 Russell ..................................................... 6 213 3 739 9 952

 Tazewell .................................................. 6 1,074 2 164 8 1,238

 Wise......................................................... 33 7,935 22 6,666 55 14,601

Washington .............................................. - - 1 5,266 1 5,266

 Lewis ....................................................... - - 1 5,266 1 5,266

West Virginia ........................................... 166 91,009 111 62,641 277 153,650

 Barbour.................................................... 5 655 2 168 7 823

 Boone....................................................... 29 15,166 16 15,727 45 30,893

 Brooke ..................................................... - - 1 221 1 221

 Clay ......................................................... 1 155 1 3,942 2 4,097

 Fayette ..................................................... 6 1,435 10 3,012 16 4,448

 Grant........................................................ 3 255 1 528 4 783

 Greenbrier................................................ 1 333 1 40 2 374

 Harrison................................................... 3 6,671 4 143 7 6,814

 Kanawha.................................................. 12 7,948 7 5,580 19 13,528

 Lincoln..................................................... 3 1,403 - - 3 1,403

 Logan....................................................... 10 3,121 12 8,936 22 12,057

 Marion ..................................................... 1 6,359 3 89 4 6,448

 Marshall................................................... 2 13,925 - - 2 13,925

 Mcdowell................................................. 29 2,256 14 2,397 43 4,653

 Mercer ..................................................... - - 1 8 1 8

 Mineral .................................................... - - 2 130 2 130

 Mingo ...................................................... 15 6,074 13 8,468 28 14,542

 Monongalia.............................................. 3 4,949 4 387 7 5,336

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 17

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2005 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

West Virginia (continued) 

 Nicholas................................................... 2 498 2 3,409 4 3,907

 Preston..................................................... 1 1,509 1 20 2 1,529

 Raleigh..................................................... 14 6,547 3 3,072 17 9,619

 Randolph ................................................. 1 203 - - 1 203

 Tucker...................................................... 1 115 - - 1 115

 Upshur..................................................... 6 1,209 1 3 7 1,211

 Wayne...................................................... 3 4,191 2 833 5 5,024

 Webster.................................................... 3 1,742 2 3,349 5 5,091

 Wyoming................................................. 12 4,291 8 2,178 20 6,469

Wyoming .................................................. 1 410 17 403,908 18 404,319

 Campbell ................................................. - - 11 360,182 11 360,182

 Converse.................................................. - - 1 29,953 1 29,953

 Hot Springs.............................................. - - 1 6 1 6

 Lincoln..................................................... - - 1 4,617 1 4,617

 Sweetwater .............................................. 1 410 3 9,150 4 9,561

 

U.S. Subtotal ............................................. 606 368,612 792 762,190 1,398 1,130,802

 

Refuse Recovery ....................................... - - - - 17 696

 

U.S. Total................................................... 606 368,612 792 762,190 1,415 1,131,498

 * Quantity is less than 0.5 thousand short tons or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
18 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2005 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2

 Conventional3 Longwall4 Other5 Total 

Alabama............................................. 186 - 13,102 7 13,295

Colorado ............................................ 727 - 27,712 - 28,439

Illinois................................................ 17,421 - 8,921 - 26,343

Indiana............................................... 11,189 - - - 11,189

Kentucky Total.................................. 70,650 874 2,099 79 73,702

 Eastern............................................. 49,187 689 2,099 79 52,054

 Western............................................ 21,463 185 - - 21,648

Maryland ........................................... 3,175 - - - 3,175

Montana............................................. 162 - - - 162

New Mexico ...................................... - - 7,905 - 7,905

Ohio................................................... 2,550 - 13,272 - 15,823

Oklahoma .......................................... 465 - - - 465

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 9,788 1,359 43,374 41 54,563

 Anthracite ........................................ 202 30 - 32 264

 Bituminous ...................................... 9,586 1,329 43,374 9 54,298

Tennessee .......................................... 1,204 - - 20 1,224

Utah ................................................... 1,495 - 23,026 - 24,521

Virginia.............................................. 13,060 302 2,972 52 16,386

West Virginia Total........................... 45,273 36 45,667 33 91,009

 Northern........................................... 7,022 36 30,533 - 37,590

 Southern........................................... 38,251 - 15,134 33 53,419

Wyoming........................................... 410 - - - 410

 

Appalachian Total........................... 124,423 2,386 120,488 231 247,528

 Northern.......................................... 22,536 1,395 87,179 41 111,151

 Central ............................................ 101,702 991 20,206 176 123,075

 Southern.......................................... 186 - 13,102 14 13,303

Interior Total ................................... 50,539 185 8,921 - 59,645

 Illinois Basin .................................. 50,074 185 8,921 - 59,180

Western Total .................................. 2,794 - 58,644 - 61,438

 Powder River Basin........................ - ----

 Uinta Region .................................. 1,756 - 50,739 - 52,495

 

East of Miss. River .......................... 174,497 2,571 129,409 231 306,708

West of Miss. River ......................... 3,260 - 58,644 - 61,904

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 177,757 2,571 188,053 231 368,612

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

4

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 5

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method, or mines 

that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 19

Table 4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2005 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coalbed Thickness 

(inches) Underground Surface Total 

< 7................................................................. -88

7-12............................................................... 792 3,625 4,417

13-18............................................................. 488 7,351 7,839

19-24............................................................. 306 18,448 18,755

25-30............................................................. 2,597 22,451 25,048

31-36............................................................. 19,868 42,748 62,615

37-42............................................................. 26,305 35,678 61,983

43-48............................................................. 47,975 21,966 69,940

49-54............................................................. 22,046 21,487 43,532

55-60............................................................. 40,423 23,579 64,002

61-66............................................................. 29,872 51,918 81,790

67-72............................................................. 55,912 20,145 76,057

73-78............................................................. 9,858 8,725 18,583

79-84............................................................. 31,252 8,802 40,054

85-90............................................................. 8,721 3,806 12,527

91-96............................................................. 15,154 11,087 26,241

97-102........................................................... 17,358 2,013 19,371

103-108......................................................... 688 6,584 7,272

109-114......................................................... 6,140 6,580 12,720

115-120......................................................... 869 5,056 5,925

> 120............................................................. 31,769 439,587 471,356

Unknown1

.................................................... 219 548 1,463

U.S. Total..................................................... 368,612 762,190 1,131,498

1

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
20 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2005 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Thickness 

Coalbed ID Number (inches) 1

Coalbed Name 

Underground Surface Total Average2 Low High 

1699 Wyodak ............................................... - 344,268 344,268 672 38 900

0036 Pittsburgh ............................................ 87,143 3,242 90,385 74 11 159

0489 No. 9 .................................................... 37,528 9,393 46,921 62 24 84

0111 Coalburg.............................................. 7,098 24,508 31,606 67 9 120

1697 Canyon ................................................ - 29,557 29,557 416 18 804

1569 Beulah-Zap.......................................... - 27,880 27,880 183 144 210

0151 Upper Elkhorn No. 3 ........................... 16,861 7,134 23,994 49 12 120

0484 Herrin (Illinois No. 6) ......................... 17,062 4,756 21,818 70 46 96

0084 Lower Kittanning ................................ 9,774 9,282 19,056 49 12 105

1696 Anderson-Dietz 1-Dietz 2 ................... - 17,338 17,338 553 390 660

1808 Rosebud............................................... - 16,988 16,988 263 216 276

1787 Roland ................................................. - 16,311 16,311 504 375 660

0168 Lower Elkhorn..................................... 11,653 2,499 14,152 51 11 88

0176 Eagle.................................................... 10,077 2,403 12,480 55 15 108

0103 Stockton-Lewiston .............................. 3,852 8,624 12,475 66 12 120

0135 Hazard No. 4 ....................................... 7,696 4,727 12,423 46 15 98

1488 Fruitland No. 8 .................................... 7,905 4,408 12,313 159 26 196

1753 Somerset B .......................................... 11,518 - 11,518 169 96 240

0280 Blue Creek........................................... 9,182 998 10,180 52 11 200

0142 Williamson (Amburgy)....................... 7,029 2,873 9,903 41 11 87

1750 Wadge.................................................. 9,370 367 9,737 101 100 120

0071 Upper Freeport .................................... 5,730 3,424 9,154 56 16 89

0480 No. 7 .................................................... 2,950 5,747 8,697 44 12 54

0080 Middle Kittanning ............................... 2,426 6,210 8,636 55 11 90

1847 Upper Hiawatha................................... 7,569 - 7,569 162 162 162

Major Coalbeds Total .................................. 272,424 552,936 825,360 361 9 900

 

Other Coalbeds............................................. 95,969 208,706 304,675 88 4 841

 

Unknown3

...................................................... 219 548 1,463 NA NA NA

 

U.S. Total....................................................... 368,612 762,190 1,131,498 287 4 900

1

 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal zones. See Coalbed name 

discussion in note below. 2

 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 

3

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 NA = This estimated value is not available due to insufficient data or inadequate data/model performance. 

 Notes: • Major coalbeds for this table are the top 25 producing coalbeds. The category "Other Coalbeds" includes all coalbeds from which less than 7.6 million short tons 

were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the 

geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and 

even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are also included in "Other Coalbeds," even though production may exceed 7.6 million short tons. Totals may not 

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that 

coalbed. The States having greatest production for each coalbed are Alabama (coalbed 0280), Colorado (1750 and 1753); Illinois (0484); Indiana (0480); Eastern Kentucky 

(0135, 0142, 0151, and 0168); Western Kentucky (0489); Montana (1696 and 1808); New Mexico (1488); North Dakota (1569); Ohio (0080); Pennsylvania (0036 and 0071); 

Utah (1847); West Virginia (0084, 0103, 0111 and 0176); and Wyoming (1697, 1699, and 1787). In some other States where these are major producing beds, the following 

alternative coalbed names are also used: 0084, No 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Hazard No 5 (Eastern Kentucky); 0135, Chilton (West Virginia); 0151, Jellico 

(Tennessee); Taggert (Virginia); Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0168, No 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0483, No 14 (Western Kentucky); 0484, 

No 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No 5 (Illinois and Indiana). 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 21

Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2005 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production 

Alabama......................................... 53 21,339 - - - - - - 53 21,339

Alaska............................................ - - 1 1,454 - - - - 1 1,454

Arizona .......................................... 2 12,072 - - - - - - 2 12,072

Arkansas ........................................ 1 3 - - - - - - 1 3

Colorado ........................................ 10 30,006 3 8,504 - - - - 13 38,510

Illinois............................................ 20 32,014 - - - - - - 20 32,014

Indiana........................................... 29 34,457 - - - - - - 29 34,457

Kansas ........................................... 1 171 - - - - - - 1 171

Kentucky Total.............................. 432 119,734 - - - - - - 432 119,734

 Eastern......................................... 404 93,322 - - - - - - 404 93,322

 Western........................................ 28 26,412 - - - - - - 28 26,412

Louisiana ....................................... - - - - 2 4,161 - - 2 4,161

Maryland ....................................... 16 5,183 - - - - - - 16 5,183

Mississippi..................................... - - - - 1 3,555 - - 1 3,555

Missouri......................................... 2 598 - - - - - - 2 598

Montana......................................... - - 5 40,024 1 330 - - 6 40,354

New Mexico2

................................. 2 13,409 2 15,110 - - - - 4 28,519

North Dakota ................................. - - - - 4 29,956 - - 4 29,956

Ohio............................................... 54 24,718 - - - - - - 54 24,718

Oklahoma ...................................... 9 1,856 - - - - - - 9 1,856

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 198 65,849 - - - - 68 1,645 266 67,494

 Anthracite .................................... - - - - - - 68 1,645 68 1,645

 Bituminous .................................. 198 65,849 - - - - - - 198 65,849

Tennessee ...................................... 28 3,217 - - - - - - 28 3,217

Texas ............................................. - - - - 13 45,939 - - 13 45,939

Utah ............................................... 13 24,521 - - - - - - 13 24,521

Virginia.......................................... 132 27,743 - - - - - - 132 27,743

Washington.................................... - - 1 5,266 - - - - 1 5,266

West Virginia Total....................... 277 153,650 - - - - - - 277 153,650

 Northern....................................... 50 42,628 - - - - - - 50 42,628

 Southern....................................... 227 111,022 - - - - - - 227 111,022

Wyoming....................................... - - 18 404,319 - - - - 18 404,319

 

Appalachian Total....................... 1,162 395,022 - - - - 68 1,645 1,230 396,666

 Northern...................................... 318 138,379 - - - - 68 1,645 386 140,023

 Central ........................................ 790 235,297 - - - - - - 790 235,297

 Southern...................................... 54 21,347 - - - - - - 54 21,347

Interior Total ............................... 90 95,510 - - 16 53,655 - - 106 149,165

 Illinois Basin .............................. 77 92,883 - - - - - - 77 92,883

Western Total .............................. 27 80,008 30 474,675 5 30,287 - - 62 584,970

 Powder River Basin.................... - - 16 429,996 - - - - 16 429,996

 Uinta Region .............................. 21 53,641 3 8,504 - - - - 24 62,145

 

East of Miss. River ...................... 1,239 487,905 - - 1 3,555 68 1,645 1,308 493,105

West of Miss. River ..................... 40 82,635 30 474,675 20 80,386 - - 90 637,697

 

U.S. Subtotal ................................ 1,279 570,540 30 474,675 21 83,942 68 1,645 1,398 1,130,802

 

Refuse Recovery .......................... 14 637 - - - - 3 59 17 696

 

U.S. Total...................................... 1,293 571,177 30 474,675 21 83,942 71 1,704 1,415 1,131,498

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 One Mine in New Mexico periodically produces both bituminous and subbituminous coal. When this occurs, it is double counted as a subbituminous and bituminous mine, 

but is not double counted in the total. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
22 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2005 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Union Nonunion Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama...................................................... 13,102 554 186 7,473 13,288 8,027

Alaska......................................................... - 1,454 - - - 1,454

Arizona ....................................................... - 12,072 - - - 12,072

Colorado ..................................................... 2,149 3,450 26,290 6,621 28,439 10,071

Illinois......................................................... 12,578 - 13,765 5,671 26,343 5,671

Indiana........................................................ - - 11,189 23,268 11,189 23,268

Kansas ........................................................ - - - 171 - 171

Kentucky Total........................................... 5,455 589 68,168 45,336 73,623 45,925

 Eastern...................................................... 469 589 51,507 40,579 51,975 41,168

 Western..................................................... 4,987 - 16,661 4,757 21,648 4,757

Louisiana .................................................... - - - 4,161 - 4,161

Maryland .................................................... - - 3,175 1,998 3,175 1,998

Mississippi.................................................. - - - 3,555 - 3,555

Missouri...................................................... - - - 598 - 598

Montana...................................................... - 27,073 162 13,119 162 40,192

New Mexico ............................................... 7,905 15,298 - 5,315 7,905 20,613

North Dakota .............................................. - 7,206 - 22,751 - 29,956

Ohio............................................................ 5,343 661 10,479 8,192 15,823 8,853

Oklahoma ................................................... - - 465 1,383 465 1,383

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 22,634 555 31,900 12,090 54,534 12,645

 Anthracite ................................................. - 223 244 1,073 244 1,296

 Bituminous ............................................... 22,634 332 31,656 11,017 54,290 11,349

Tennessee ................................................... - - 1,204 1,982 1,204 1,982

Texas .......................................................... - 28,912 - 17,027 - 45,939

Utah ............................................................ 5,513 - 19,008 - 24,521 -

Virginia....................................................... 2,819 715 13,515 10,616 16,334 11,331

Washington................................................. - 5,266 - - - 5,266

West Virginia Total.................................... 42,633 8,982 48,342 53,628 90,976 62,609

 Northern.................................................... 30,533 - 7,058 5,028 37,590 5,028

 Southern.................................................... 12,101 8,982 41,285 48,600 53,385 57,582

Wyoming.................................................... 410 7,963 - 395,940 410 403,902

 

Appalachian Total.................................... 87,000 12,056 160,309 136,558 247,309 148,614

 Northern................................................... 58,510 1,216 52,612 27,307 111,122 28,523

 Central ..................................................... 15,388 10,285 107,511 101,778 122,899 112,063

 Southern................................................... 13,102 554 186 7,473 13,288 8,027

Interior Total ............................................ 17,565 28,912 42,080 60,591 59,645 89,503

 Illinois Basin ........................................... 17,565 - 41,615 33,696 59,180 33,696

Western Total ........................................... 15,978 79,780 45,460 443,745 61,438 523,526

 Powder River Basin................................. - 26,742 - 403,254 - 429,996

 Uinta Region ........................................... 7,663 3,029 44,832 6,621 52,495 9,650

 

East of Miss. River ................................... 104,565 12,056 201,924 173,810 306,489 185,866

West of Miss. River .................................. 15,978 108,692 45,926 467,084 61,904 575,777

 

Unknown2

.................................................. - - - - 219 548

 

U.S. Total................................................... 120,543 120,748 247,849 640,894 368,612 762,190

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Excludes refuse recovery operations. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 23

Table 8. Coal Disposition by State, 2005 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market Sales1

 Captive Sales/Transactions 2 Total 

Alabama........................................................ 22,156 - 22,156

Alaska........................................................... W - W

Arizona ......................................................... W - W

Colorado ....................................................... 36,214 3,411 39,625

Illinois........................................................... 28,377 3,548 31,925

Indiana.......................................................... 30,320 4,293 34,613

Kansas .......................................................... W - W

Kentucky Total............................................. 116,725 2,457 119,183

 Eastern........................................................ 90,354 2,376 92,730

 Western....................................................... 26,372 81 26,452

Louisiana ...................................................... W W W

Maryland ...................................................... 5,167 368 5,535

Mississippi.................................................... W - W

Missouri........................................................ W - W

Montana........................................................ 38,863 1,431 40,294

New Mexico ................................................. 26,268 - 26,268

North Dakota ................................................ 25,631 4,438 30,070

Ohio.............................................................. 22,783 1,047 23,829

Oklahoma ..................................................... 1,849 - 1,849

Pennsylvania Total ....................................... 64,798 3,311 68,108

 Anthracite ................................................... 1,507 169 1,676

 Bituminous ................................................. 63,291 3,142 66,432

Tennessee ..................................................... 3,146 - 3,146

Texas ............................................................ 13,595 33,798 47,394

Utah .............................................................. 12,022 12,348 24,370

Virginia......................................................... 18,662 9,210 27,873

Washington................................................... - W W

West Virginia Total...................................... 140,237 13,804 154,040

 Northern...................................................... 38,203 4,379 42,582

 Southern...................................................... 102,034 9,425 111,459

Wyoming...................................................... 368,043 36,080 404,124

U.S. Total3 ................................................... 995,799 136,591 1,132,390

1

 Open market sales include all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive sales transactions include all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 3

 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
24 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2005 

Rank Mine Names/Company Mine Type State Production 

(short tons) 

1 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Company LLC Surface Wyoming 87,586,375

2 North Antelope Rochelle Complex/Powder River Coal Company Surface Wyoming 82,688,918

3 Cordero Mine/Cordero Mining Co. Surface Wyoming 37,836,811

4 Jacobs Ranch Mine/Jacobs Ranch Coal Company Surface Wyoming 37,277,820

5 Caballo Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 30,532,313

6 Antelope Coal Mine/Antelope Coal Company Surface Wyoming 29,953,375

7 Eagle Butte Mine/Rag Coal West, Inc. Surface Wyoming 24,133,324

8 Buckskin Mine/Triton Coal Company Surface Wyoming 19,568,058

9 Belle Ayr Mine/Foundation Coal West Incorporation Surface Wyoming 19,326,943

10 Freedom Mine/Coteau Properties Company Surface North Dakota 15,007,352

11 Rosebud Mine & Crusher/Conveyor/Western Energy Company Surface Montana 13,376,542

12 Spring Creek Coal Company/Spring Creek Coal Company Surface Montana 13,119,202

13 Rawhide Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 12,430,351

14 Bailey Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 11,076,662

15 McElroy Mine/McElroy Coal Company Underground West Virginia 10,419,128

16 Navajo Mine/BHP Navajo Coal Company Surface New Mexico 9,795,038

17 Enlow Fork Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 9,773,883

18 Foidel Creek Mine/Twentymile Coal Company Underground Colorado 9,369,969

19 Kayenta Mine/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 8,192,967

20 San Juan South/San Juan Coal Company Underground New Mexico 7,905,477

21 Falkirk Mine/The Falkirk Mining Company Surface North Dakota 7,743,341

22 Sufco/Canyon Fuel Company LLC Underground Utah 7,568,934

23 Cumberland Mine/Cumberland Coal Resources, LP Underground Pennsylvania 7,090,672

24 Jewett Mine/Texas Westmoreland Coal Co. Surface Texas 6,916,386

25 Decker Mine/Decker Coal Company Surface Montana 6,915,690

26 Century Mine/American Energy Corporation Underground Ohio 6,630,590

27 Elk Creek Mine/Oxbow Mining, LLC Underground Colorado 6,545,485

28 Absaloka Mine/Washington Group International Surface Montana 6,449,835

29 Loveridge No 22/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 6,359,281

30 Emerald Mine No. 1/Emerald Coal Resources, LP Underground Pennsylvania 6,343,553

31 Robinson Run No 95/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 6,148,474

32 Oak Hill Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 5,983,205

33 Galatia Mine/The American Coal Company Underground Illinois 5,913,651

34 Colowyo Mine/Colowyo Coal Company L P Surface Colorado 5,688,873

35 West Elk Mine/Mountain Coal Company, L.L.C. Underground Colorado 5,576,731

36 Beckville Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 5,524,859

37 McKinley/The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co Surface New Mexico 5,503,290

38 Powhatan No. 6 Mine/The Ohio Valley Coal Company Underground Ohio 5,343,145

39 Lee Ranch Coal Co/Lee Ranch Coal Company Surface New Mexico 5,314,923

40 Centralia Coal Mine/Trans Alta Centralia Mining LLC Surface Washington 5,265,672

41 Blacksville No 2/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 5,259,338

42 Dotiki Mine/Webster County Coal LLC Underground Kentucky 4,733,689

43 Wyodak/Wyodak Resources Development Co Surface Wyoming 4,707,316

44 Twilight MTR Surface Mine/Progress Coal Surface West Virginia 4,693,784

45 Kemmerer Mine/The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co Surface Wyoming 4,616,597

46 South Hallsville No 1 Mine/Sabine Mining Company Surface Texas 4,602,752

47 Dugout Canyon Mine/Arch Western Bituminous Group Underground Utah 4,591,851

48 Big Brown Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 4,438,449

49 Center Mine/BNI Coal Ltd Surface North Dakota 4,367,952

50 Samples Mine/Catenary Coal Company LLC Surface West Virginia 4,156,379

51 Federal No 2/Eastern Associated Coal Corp Underground West Virginia 4,100,023

52 Dry Fork Mine/Dry Fork Coal Company Surface Wyoming 4,093,611

53 Cardinal/Warrior Coal, LLC Underground Kentucky 4,033,055

 

 Subtotal 672,591,894

 All Other Mines 458,906,205

 

 U.S. Total 1,131,498,099

 Note: • Major mines are mines that produced more than 4 million short tons in 2005. The company is the firm operating the mine. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 25

Table 10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2005 

Rank Company Name Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Percent of 

Total Production 

1 Peabody Coal Co. 201,410 17.8

2 Rio Tinto Energy America, Inc. 123,876 10.9

3 Arch Coal, Inc. 117,402 10.4

4 CONSOL Energy, Inc. 65,626 5.8

5 Foundation Coal Corp. 64,071 5.7

6 A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. 42,272 3.7

7 North American Coal Corp. 30,909 2.7

8 Westmoreland Coal Co. 29,911 2.6

9 TXU Corp. 23,158 2.0

10 Alliance Coal, LLC 21,897 1.9

11 Robert Murray 19,878 1.8

12 Peter Kiewit Sons, Inc. 19,568 1.7

13 International Coal Group Inc. (ICG) 18,505 1.6

14 BHP Minerals Group 17,701 1.6

15 Alpha Natural Resources., LLC 14,172 1.3

16 Magnum Coal Co. 10,842 1.0

17 Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co. 10,120 0.9

18 PacifiCorp 9,302 0.8

19 James River Coal Co. 7,729 0.7

20 Peter Kiewit/Kennecott 6,916 0.6

21 Oxbow Carbon & Minerals, Inc. 6,545 0.6

22 Wexford Capital LLC 6,435 0.6

23 Andalex Resources Inc 6,183 0.5

24 TECO Energy, Inc. 5,874 0.5

25 Alcoa, Inc. 5,754 0.5

26 Walter Industries, Inc. 5,736 0.5

27 Transalta Centralia Mining LLC 5,266 0.5

 

 Subtotal 897,055 79.3

 All Other Coal Producers 234,443 20.7

 

 U.S. Total 1,131,498 100.0

 Note: • Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 5 million short tons in 2005. A controlling company of a mine is defined as the company 

"controlling the coal, particularly the sale of the coal." Most often, but not always, this is the owner of the mine. 

 Source: • COALdat, a product of RDI/Platts and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and 

Coal Production Report." 
26 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 27

Productive Capacity 
28 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2005, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2005 2004 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 15,139 10,165 25,304 17,377 7,784 25,161 -12.9 30.6 0.6

Alaska........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Colorado ....................................... 32,622 10,503 43,125 32,492 11,428 43,920 0.4 -8.1 -1.8

Illinois........................................... 32,666 7,495 40,162 29,487 6,180 35,667 10.8 21.3 12.6

Indiana.......................................... 11,837 27,253 39,089 11,638 27,226 38,864 1.7 * 0.6

Kansas .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................. 92,065 57,460 149,525 95,138 55,665 150,804 -3.2 3.2 -0.8

 Eastern........................................ 66,372 51,807 118,179 73,071 50,516 123,586 -9.2 2.6 -4.4

 Western....................................... 25,693 5,653 31,346 22,068 5,149 27,217 16.4 9.8 15.2

Louisiana ...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland ...................................... W W 5,702 W W 6,171 W W -7.6

Mississippi.................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana........................................ W W 47,003 W W 50,384 W W -6.7

New Mexico ................................. W W 29,503 W W 30,300 W W -2.6

North Dakota ................................ - 33,500 33,500 - 33,000 33,000 - 1.5 1.5

Ohio.............................................. 16,760 17,454 34,214 15,216 12,879 28,095 10.1 35.5 21.8

Oklahoma ..................................... W W 2,294 W W 2,361 W W -2.9

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 62,418 17,428 79,846 59,764 16,782 76,546 4.4 3.9 4.3

 Anthracite ................................... 258 2,636 2,894 276 2,592 2,868 -6.4 1.7 0.9

 Bituminous ................................. 62,160 14,792 76,952 59,488 14,190 73,678 4.5 4.2 4.4

Tennessee ..................................... 1,747 2,610 4,357 1,755 3,520 5,276 -0.5 -25.9 -17.4

Texas ............................................ - 49,493 49,493 - 47,005 47,005 - 5.3 5.3

Utah .............................................. 27,383 - 27,383 28,304 - 28,304 -3.3 - -3.3

Virginia......................................... 23,661 15,970 39,631 27,864 15,239 43,103 -15.1 4.8 -8.1

Washington................................... - W W - W W - W W

West Virginia Total...................... 121,396 82,404 203,800 114,083 69,507 183,590 6.4 18.6 11.0

 Northern...................................... 41,205 6,804 48,010 37,767 5,121 42,889 9.1 32.9 11.9

 Southern...................................... 80,190 75,600 155,790 76,316 64,386 140,702 5.1 17.4 10.7

Wyoming...................................... W W 488,378 W W 448,798 W W 8.8

 

U.S. Total..................................... 450,310 922,947 1,373,258 445,712 862,801 1,308,513 1.0 7.0 4.9

 * Quantity is less than 0.5 thousand short tons or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 29

Table 12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2005, 2004 

 (Percent) 

2005 2004 Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama.......................................................... 87.78 78.97 84.24 92.73 78.73 88.40

Alaska............................................................. - W W - W W

Arizona ........................................................... - W W - W W

Colorado ......................................................... 87.18 95.88 89.30 91.12 89.80 90.78

Illinois............................................................. 80.64 75.66 79.71 91.25 80.04 89.31

Indiana............................................................ 94.53 85.38 88.15 86.71 91.89 90.34

Kansas ............................................................ - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................................... 79.97 79.92 79.95 75.33 76.05 75.60

 Eastern......................................................... 78.31 79.46 78.82 71.64 75.78 73.34

 Western........................................................ 84.26 84.14 84.24 87.55 78.66 85.87

Louisiana ........................................................ - W W - W W

Maryland ........................................................ W W 90.72 W W 84.20

Mississippi...................................................... - W W - W W

Missouri.......................................................... - W W - W W

Montana.......................................................... W W 85.85 W W 79.37

New Mexico ................................................... W W 96.66 W W 89.93

North Dakota .................................................. - 89.42 89.42 - 90.74 90.74

Ohio................................................................ 94.41 50.72 72.12 93.79 69.20 82.52

Oklahoma ....................................................... W W 80.59 W W 75.69

Pennsylvania Total ......................................... 87.37 72.56 84.14 89.00 74.68 85.86

 Anthracite .................................................... 94.47 49.17 53.21 87.13 52.40 55.74

 Bituminous .................................................. 87.34 76.72 85.30 89.01 78.75 87.03

Tennessee ....................................................... 68.93 75.95 73.13 46.81 58.24 54.44

Texas .............................................................. - 92.82 92.82 - 97.57 97.57

Utah ................................................................ 89.55 - 89.55 76.83 - 76.83

Virginia........................................................... 69.03 70.95 69.81 73.30 71.96 72.83

Washington..................................................... - W W - W W

West Virginia Total........................................ 74.94 75.98 75.36 79.69 82.00 80.57

 Northern....................................................... 91.23 73.89 88.77 95.53 88.73 94.72

 Southern....................................................... 66.57 76.17 71.23 71.86 81.47 76.26

Wyoming........................................................ W W 82.79 W W 88.34

 

U.S. Total....................................................... 81.81 82.52 82.29 82.43 86.11 84.86

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Capacity utilization is the ratio of annual production to annual productive capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required 

to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
30 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining 

Method, 2005 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Continuous Conventional Longwall Other Total 

Coal-Producing 

State Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Alabama......................................... W W -- W W - - 15,139 87.78

Colorado ........................................ W W -- W W - - 32,622 87.18

Illinois............................................ W W -- W W - - 32,666 80.64

Indiana........................................... 11,837 94.53 - - - - - - 11,837 94.53

Kentucky Total.............................. 87,779 80.49 W W W W - - 92,065 79.97

 Eastern......................................... W W W W W W - - 66,372 78.31

 Western........................................ W W W W - - - - 25,693 84.26

Maryland ....................................... W W - - - - - - W W

Montana......................................... W W - - - - - - W W

New Mexico .................................. - - - - W W - - W W

Ohio............................................... W W -- W W - - 16,760 94.41

Oklahoma ...................................... W W - - - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ........................ W 67.76 3,344 W 44,616 97.22 W W 62,418 87.37

 Anthracite .................................... W W W W - - W W 258 94.47

 Bituminous .................................. W W W W 44,616 97.22 - - 62,160 87.34

Tennessee ...................................... 1,747 68.93 - - - - - - 1,747 68.93

Utah ............................................... 3,435 43.52 - - 23,948 96.15 - - 27,383 89.55

Virginia.......................................... 17,596 74.22 467 64.64 W W - - 23,661 69.03

West Virginia Total....................... 64,613 W W W W 80.68 - - 121,396 74.94

 Northern....................................... W W W W W W - - 41,205 91.23

 Southern....................................... W W -- W W - - 80,190 66.57

Wyoming....................................... W W - - - - - - W W

 

U.S. Total...................................... 231,730 76.71 W W 212,950 88.31 W W 450,310 81.81

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive 

capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and recovery operations. Totals may not equal sum of components 

because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 31

Recoverable Reserves 
32 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2005, 2004 

 (Million Short Tons) 

2005 2004 Coal-Producing 

State Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Percent Change 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Alabama............................................... 355 59.47 341 58.76 4.1

Alaska.................................................. W W W W W

Arizona ................................................ W W W W W

Arkansas .............................................. - - - - -

Colorado .............................................. 382 66.88 415 69.34 -7.9

Illinois.................................................. 747 59.32 796 59.40 -6.1

Indiana................................................. 382 67.55 398 66.95 -4.2

Kansas ................................................. W W W W W

Kentucky Total.................................... 1,169 55.26 1,129 55.17 3.6

 Eastern............................................... 784 55.92 823 56.14 -4.7

 Western.............................................. 385 53.94 306 52.58 26.0

Louisiana ............................................. W W W W W

Maryland ............................................. 35 60.08 17 62.64 111.2

Mississippi........................................... W W W W W

Missouri............................................... W W W W W

Montana............................................... 1,234 90.94 1,140 87.75 8.2

New Mexico ........................................ 526 89.12 1,304 91.31 -59.6

North Dakota ....................................... 1,214 89.20 1,191 89.41 2.0

Ohio..................................................... 371 73.55 318 72.36 16.7

Oklahoma ............................................ 15 67.77 17 68.95 -9.6

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 616 69.06 614 68.22 0.3

 Anthracite .......................................... 21 55.65 22 52.73 -5.3

 Bituminous ........................................ 596 69.52 592 68.79 0.6

Tennessee ............................................ 19 65.57 26 74.73 -26.4

Texas ................................................... 772 93.28 546 92.35 41.4

Utah ..................................................... 281 60.37 317 58.57 -11.3

Virginia................................................ 294 57.01 250 56.95 18.0

Washington.......................................... W W W W W

West Virginia Total............................. 1,741 60.33 1,518 60.63 14.7

 Northern............................................. 325 59.68 375 60.03 -13.1

 Southern............................................. 1,416 60.48 1,144 60.82 23.8

Wyoming............................................. 7,975 92.99 7,053 92.92 13.1

 

U.S. Total............................................ 18,944 81.72 18,122 81.42 4.5

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 33

Table 15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated 

Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2005 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground - Minable Coal Surface - Minable Coal Total 

Coal-Resource 

State 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable 

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Alabama........................................ 306 508 1,007 50 2,278 3,198 355 2,785 4,205

Alaska........................................... - 2,335 5,423 W 499 687 W 2,834 6,110

Arizona ......................................... - - - W - - W --

Arkansas ....................................... - 127 272 - 101 144 - 228 417

Colorado ....................................... 338 6,015 11,461 44 3,747 4,762 382 9,761 16,223

Georgia ......................................... - 1 2 - 1 2 - 2 4

Idaho............................................. - 2 160 - - - - 2 160

Illinois........................................... 708 27,927 87,919 40 10,073 16,550 747 38,000 104,469

Indiana.......................................... 249 3,620 8,741 133 434 742 382 4,054 9,483

Iowa.............................................. - 807 1,732 - 320 457 - 1,127 2,189

Kansas .......................................... - - - W 681 972 W 681 972

Kentucky Total............................. 965 7,411 17,055 204 7,483 12,965 1,169 14,894 30,020

 Eastern........................................ 603 658 1,178 181 5,214 9,337 784 5,872 10,516

 Western....................................... 362 6,753 15,877 23 2,269 3,628 385 9,022 19,504

Louisiana ...................................... - - - W 312 422 W 312 422

Maryland ...................................... W 317 578 W 44 65 35 361 643

Michigan....................................... - 55 123 - 3 5 - 59 128

Mississippi.................................... - - - W - - W --

Missouri........................................ - 689 1,479 W 3,157 4,510 W 3,847 5,989

Montana........................................ W 35,922 70,958 W 39,021 48,272 1,234 74,944 119,230

New Mexico ................................. W 2,801 6,156 W 4,188 5,975 526 6,988 12,131

North Carolina.............................. - 5 11 - - - - 5 11

North Dakota ................................ - - - 1,214 6,906 9,053 1,214 6,906 9,053

Ohio.............................................. 205 7,719 17,546 166 3,767 5,754 371 11,486 23,300

Oklahoma ..................................... W 574 1,231 W 226 323 15 800 1,554

Oregon.......................................... - 6 15 - 2 3 - 9 17

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 520 10,710 23,221 96 1,044 4,251 616 11,754 27,472

 Anthracite ................................... 2 340 3,844 18 420 3,355 21 760 7,198

 Bituminous ................................. 518 10,370 19,377 78 625 896 596 10,994 20,274

South Dakota ................................ - - - - 277 366 - 277 366

Tennessee ..................................... 8 280 510 11 179 264 19 459 774

Texas ............................................ - - - 772 9,534 12,385 772 9,534 12,385

Utah .............................................. 281 2,514 5,128 - 212 268 281 2,726 5,396

Virginia......................................... 235 2,949 1,130 59 171 562 294 3,121 1,693

Washington................................... - 1,030 1,332 W 6 8 W 1,036 1,340

West Virginia Total...................... 1,179 15,576 29,184 562 2,382 3,775 1,741 17,958 32,960

 Northern...................................... 290 NA NA 35 NA NA 325 NA NA

 Southern...................................... 888 NA NA 527 NA NA 1,416 NA NA

Wyoming...................................... W 22,950 42,500 W 17,657 21,319 7,975 40,607 63,819

 

U.S. Total..................................... 5,502 152,850 334,876 13,442 114,705 158,059 18,944 267,554 492,935

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 NA = This estimated value is not available due to insufficient data or inadequate data/model performance. 

 Notes: • The demonstrated reserve base and the estimated recoverable reserves as of 1/1/2006 incorporate revisions made to eliminate a discrepancy between data 

expressed by coal rank versus data allocated to Btu ranges. The minor differences resulted from the fact that coal rank classifications are based in part, but not entirely, on Btu 

content. EIA's data - originally allocated to Btu ranges for coal supply and demand modeling - had been used to approximate the estimated recoverable reserves by coal rank in 

the early 1990's. Over time, the small differences between resources and reserves by coal rank and by Btu ranges became significant due to cumulative depletion adjustments. 

The 1/1/2006 data include internal additions to coal tonnages by Btu ranges to identify the coal ranks where more than one rank occurs in borderline resource areas and unify the 

tonnage totals. • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

• EIA's estimated recoverable reserves include the coal in the demonstrated reserve base considered recoverable after excluding coal estimated to be unavailable due to land use 

restrictions or currently economically unattractive for mining, and after applying assumed mining recovery rates; see Glossary for criteria. • The effective date for the 

demonstrated reserve base, as customarily worded, is "Remaining as of January 1, 2006." These data are contemporaneous with the Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines, 

customarily presented as of the end of the past year's mining, that is in this case, December 31, 2005. Current or recent mining in a State does not imply that data for a 

demonstrated reserve base and estimated recoverable reserves. • The demonstrated reserve base includes publicly available data on coal mapped to measured and indicated 

degrees of accuracy and found at depths and in coalbed thicknesses considered technologically minable at the time of determinations; see Glossary for criteria. • All reserve 

expressions excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. • Reserves at Producing Mines excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which 

are not required to provide reserves data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," and EIA estimates. 
34 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines 

by State and Mining Method, 2005 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total 

Coal-Producing 

State 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama......................................... W W -- W W - - 306 54.40

Colorado ........................................ W W -- W W - - 338 64.03

Illinois............................................ W W -- W W - - 708 58.30

Indiana........................................... 249 60.64 - - - - - - 249 60.64

Kentucky Total.............................. 943 W W 59.73 W W - - 965 48.82

 Eastern......................................... W W W W W W - - 603 47.21

 Western........................................ W W W W - - - - 362 51.49

Maryland ....................................... W W - - - - - - W W

Montana......................................... W W - - - - - - W W

New Mexico .................................. - - - - W W - - W W

Ohio............................................... W W -- W W - - 205 63.27

Oklahoma ...................................... W W - - - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ........................ W 68.54 22 70.22 392 W W W 520 66.84

 Anthracite .................................... W W W W - - W W 2 75.43

 Bituminous .................................. W W W W 392 W - - 518 66.81

Tennessee ...................................... 8 52.16 - - - - - - 8 52.16

Utah ............................................... 49 70.25 - - 232 58.27 - - 281 60.37

Virginia.......................................... 178 48.74 W W W W - - 235 49.18

West Virginia Total....................... 670 W W W W 51.29 - - 1,179 51.06

 Northern....................................... W W W W W W - - 290 58.45

 Southern....................................... W W -- W W - - 888 48.65

Wyoming....................................... W W - - - - - - W W

 

U.S. Total...................................... 2,959 56.51 W W 2,513 60.33 W W 5,502 58.32

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 4

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

 * Quantity is less than 0.5 thousand short tons or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 35

Table 17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine 

Production Range and Mine Type, 2005 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Over 1,000.................................................. 3,546 58.21 12,502 91.95 16,048 84.50

500 to 1,000................................................ 481 47.17 379 84.02 860 63.40

200 to 500................................................... 575 55.89 255 82.88 830 64.20

100 to 200................................................... 550 70.83 108 82.31 658 72.70

50 to 100..................................................... 246 61.83 84 83.34 330 67.32

10 to 50....................................................... 104 52.52 114 77.04 218 65.31

 

U.S. Total................................................... 5,502 58.32 13,442 91.30 18,944 81.72

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
36 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 37

Employment 
38 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2005, 2004 

2005 2004 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 2,887 1,251 4,138 2,649 984 3,633 9.0 27.1 13.9

Alaska........................................... - 97 97 - 92 92 - 5.4 5.4

Arizona ......................................... - 567 567 - 598 598 - -5.2 -5.2

Arkansas ....................................... - 2 2 9 3 12 -100.0 -33.3 -83.3

Colorado ....................................... 1,640 586 2,226 1,488 604 2,092 10.2 -3.0 6.4

Illinois........................................... 3,393 424 3,817 3,188 385 3,573 6.4 10.1 6.8

Indiana.......................................... 1,143 1,540 2,683 1,122 1,708 2,830 1.9 -9.8 -5.2

Kansas .......................................... - 25 25 - 15 15 - 66.7 66.7

Kentucky Total............................. 11,137 5,853 16,990 10,251 5,271 15,522 8.6 11.0 9.5

 Eastern........................................ 8,883 5,407 14,290 8,371 4,901 13,272 6.1 10.3 7.7

 Western....................................... 2,254 446 2,700 1,880 370 2,250 19.9 20.5 20.0

Louisiana ...................................... - 242 242 - 231 231 - 4.8 4.8

Maryland ...................................... 272 230 502 264 233 497 3.0 -1.3 1.0

Mississippi.................................... - 193 193 - 211 211 - -8.5 -8.5

Missouri........................................ - 24 24 - 25 25 - -4.0 -4.0

Montana........................................ 53 782 835 39 683 722 35.9 14.5 15.7

New Mexico ................................. 362 1,046 1,408 334 1,054 1,388 8.4 -0.8 1.4

North Dakota ................................ - 927 927 - 918 918 - 1.0 1.0

Ohio.............................................. 1,384 1,150 2,534 1,312 1,198 2,510 5.5 -4.0 1.0

Oklahoma ..................................... 48 148 196 44 132 176 9.1 12.1 11.4

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 5,043 2,566 7,609 5,003 2,521 7,524 0.8 1.8 1.1

 Anthracite ................................... 228 663 891 230 660 890 -0.9 0.5 0.1

 Bituminous ................................. 4,815 1,903 6,718 4,773 1,861 6,634 0.9 2.3 1.3

Tennessee ..................................... 318 373 691 244 402 646 30.3 -7.2 7.0

Texas ............................................ - 2,196 2,196 - 2,274 2,274 - -3.4 -3.4

Utah .............................................. 1,812 5 1,817 1,522 11 1,533 19.1 -54.5 18.5

Virginia......................................... 3,577 1,557 5,134 3,374 1,468 4,842 6.0 6.1 6.0

Washington................................... - 672 672 - 581 581 - 15.7 15.7

West Virginia Total...................... 12,483 6,128 18,611 11,136 5,267 16,403 12.1 16.3 13.5

 Northern...................................... 4,085 544 4,629 3,805 458 4,263 7.4 18.8 8.6

 Southern...................................... 8,398 5,584 13,982 7,331 4,809 12,140 14.6 16.1 15.2

Wyoming...................................... 62 4,988 5,050 37 4,916 4,953 67.6 1.5 2.0

 

Appalachian Total...................... 34,847 18,662 53,509 32,353 16,974 49,327 7.7 9.9 8.5

 Northern..................................... 10,784 4,490 15,274 10,384 4,410 14,794 3.9 1.8 3.2

 Central ....................................... 21,163 12,921 34,084 19,320 11,580 30,900 9.5 11.6 10.3

 Southern..................................... 2,900 1,251 4,151 2,649 984 3,633 9.5 27.1 14.3

Interior Total .............................. 6,838 5,240 12,078 6,243 5,354 11,597 9.5 -2.1 4.1

 Illinois Basin ............................. 6,790 2,410 9,200 6,190 2,463 8,653 9.7 -2.2 6.3

Western Total ............................. 3,929 9,670 13,599 3,420 9,457 12,877 14.9 2.3 5.6

 Powder River Basin................... - 5,053 5,053 - 4,771 4,771 - 5.9 5.9

 Uinta Region ............................. 3,394 562 3,956 2,951 589 3,540 15.0 -4.6 11.8

 

East of Miss. River ..................... 41,637 21,265 62,902 38,543 19,648 58,191 8.0 8.2 8.1

West of Miss. River .................... 3,977 12,307 16,284 3,473 12,137 15,610 14.5 1.4 4.3

 

U.S. Subtotal ............................... 45,614 33,572 79,186 42,016 31,785 73,801 8.6 5.6 7.3

 

Refuse Recovery ......................... - - 97 - - 111 - - -12.6

 

U.S. Total..................................... 45,614 33,572 79,283 42,016 31,785 73,912 8.6 5.6 7.3

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 39

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2005 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (Thousand Short Tons) 

State, Region1

, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero2

Total Number 

of Employees

Alabama ...................................................... 2,437 595 392 248 270 61 11 124 4,138

 Underground.............................................. 2,437 323 - - 74 - 5 48 2,887

 Surface....................................................... - 272 392 248 196 61 6 76 1,251

Alaska .......................................................... 97 - - - - - - - 97

 Surface....................................................... 97 - - - - - - - 97

Arizona ........................................................ 532 - - - - - - 35 567

 Surface....................................................... 532 - - - - - - 35 567

Arkansas...................................................... - - - - - - 2 - 2

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - 2 - 2

Colorado...................................................... 2,085 22 114 - - - - 5 2,226

 Underground.............................................. 1,550 - 85 - - - - 5 1,640

 Surface....................................................... 535 22 29 - - - - - 586

Illinois .......................................................... 3,278 347 51 - 3 8 - 130 3,817

 Underground.............................................. 2,993 318 - - - - - 82 3,393

 Surface....................................................... 285 29 51 - 3 8 - 48 424

Indiana......................................................... 1,965 288 202 - 56 52 - 120 2,683

 Underground.............................................. 884 113 74 - - 32 - 40 1,143

 Surface....................................................... 1,081 175 128 - 56 20 - 80 1,540

Kansas.......................................................... - - - 25 - - - - 25

 Surface....................................................... - - - 25 - - - - 25

Kentucky Total ........................................... 3,940 3,112 3,510 1,717 1,271 1,276 286 1,878 16,990

 Underground.............................................. 3,227 1,609 2,155 1,226 845 722 159 1,194 11,137

 Surface....................................................... 713 1,503 1,355 491 426 554 127 684 5,853

 Eastern....................................................... 2,034 2,936 3,207 1,599 1,213 1,260 282 1,759 14,290

 Underground.............................................. 1,393 1,560 1,993 1,156 798 722 159 1,102 8,883

 Surface....................................................... 641 1,376 1,214 443 415 538 123 657 5,407

 Western...................................................... 1,906 176 303 118 58 16 4 119 2,700

 Underground.............................................. 1,834 49 162 70 47 - - 92 2,254

 Surface....................................................... 72 127 141 48 11 16 4 27 446

Louisiana ..................................................... 206 36 - - - - - - 242

 Surface....................................................... 206 36 - - - - - - 242

Maryland..................................................... 173 108 78 35 27 35 12 34 502

 Underground.............................................. 173 - 46 22 - - - 31 272

 Surface....................................................... - 108 32 13 27 35 12 3 230

Mississippi ................................................... 193 - - - - - - - 193

 Surface....................................................... 193 - - - - - - - 193

Missouri....................................................... - - 24 - - - - - 24

 Surface....................................................... - - 24 - - - - - 24

Montana ...................................................... 770 - 12 53 - - - - 835

 Underground.............................................. - - - 53 - - - - 53

 Surface....................................................... 770 - 12 - - - - - 782

New Mexico................................................. 1,240 - - - - - - 168 1,408

 Underground.............................................. 296 - - - - - - 66 362

 Surface....................................................... 944 - - - - - - 102 1,046

North Dakota .............................................. 927 - - - - - - - 927

 Surface....................................................... 927 - - - - - - - 927

Ohio.............................................................. 1,126 448 444 100 100 73 61 182 2,534

 Underground.............................................. 1,126 3 135 - 20 23 - 77 1,384

 Surface....................................................... - 445 309 100 80 50 61 105 1,150

Oklahoma.................................................... - - 183 - 7 2 4 - 196

 Underground.............................................. - - 48 - - - - - 48

 Surface....................................................... - - 135 - 7 2 4 - 148

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 3,279 619 991 924 253 479 250 814 7,609

 Underground.............................................. 3,279 391 432 427 51 48 34 381 5,043

 Surface....................................................... - 228 559 497 202 431 216 433 2,566

 Anthracite.................................................. - - 23 155 37 192 107 377 891

 Underground.............................................. - - - 46 - 42 25 115 228

 Surface....................................................... - - 23 109 37 150 82 262 663

 Bituminous ................................................ 3,279 619 968 769 216 287 143 437 6,718

 Underground.............................................. 3,279 391 432 381 51 6 9 266 4,815

 Surface....................................................... - 228 536 388 165 281 134 171 1,903

Tennessee..................................................... - 125 266 41 41 100 49 69 691

 Underground.............................................. - - 112 26 41 59 37 43 318

 Surface....................................................... - 125 154 15 - 41 12 26 373

Texas............................................................ 2,134 62 - - - - - - 2,196

 Surface....................................................... 2,134 62 - - - - - - 2,196

Utah.............................................................. 1,378 - 256 64 - - - 119 1,817

 Underground.............................................. 1,378 - 256 64 - - - 114 1,812

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - - 5 5

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
40 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2005 (Continued) 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (Thousand Short Tons) 

State, Region 1

, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero 2

Total Number 

of Employees

Virginia........................................................ 1,128 549 1,291 580 492 312 142 640 5,134

 Underground.............................................. 829 301 835 418 406 235 84 469 3,577

 Surface....................................................... 299 248 456 162 86 77 58 171 1,557

Washington ................................................. 672 - - - - - - - 672

 Surface....................................................... 672 - - - - - - - 672

West Virginia Total.................................... 8,168 2,401 3,108 1,363 710 488 110 2,263 18,611

 Underground.............................................. 5,382 1,336 2,188 1,107 585 293 86 1,506 12,483

 Surface....................................................... 2,786 1,065 920 256 125 195 24 757 6,128

 Northern.................................................... 3,073 310 498 207 126 92 21 302 4,629

 Underground.............................................. 2,878 208 448 193 81 61 15 201 4,085

 Surface....................................................... 195 102 50 14 45 31 6 101 544

 Southern .................................................... 5,095 2,091 2,610 1,156 584 396 89 1,961 13,982

 Underground.............................................. 2,504 1,128 1,740 914 504 232 71 1,305 8,398

 Surface....................................................... 2,591 963 870 242 80 164 18 656 5,584

Wyoming ..................................................... 4,966 - 62 - - - 4 18 5,050

 Underground.............................................. - - 62 - - - - - 62

 Surface....................................................... 4,966 - - - - - 4 18 4,988

 

Appalachian Total...................................... 18,345 7,781 9,777 4,890 3,106 2,808 917 5,885 53,509

 Underground.............................................. 14,619 3,914 5,741 3,156 1,975 1,380 405 3,657 34,847

 Surface....................................................... 3,726 3,867 4,036 1,734 1,131 1,428 512 2,228 18,662

 Northern.................................................... 7,651 1,485 2,011 1,266 506 679 344 1,332 15,274

 Underground.............................................. 7,456 602 1,061 642 152 132 49 690 10,784

 Surface....................................................... 195 883 950 624 354 547 295 642 4,490

 Central....................................................... 8,257 5,701 7,374 3,376 2,330 2,068 549 4,429 34,084

 Underground.............................................. 4,726 2,989 4,680 2,514 1,749 1,248 338 2,919 21,163

 Surface....................................................... 3,531 2,712 2,694 862 581 820 211 1,510 12,921

 Southern .................................................... 2,437 595 392 248 270 61 24 124 4,151

 Underground.............................................. 2,437 323 - - 74 - 18 48 2,900

 Surface....................................................... - 272 392 248 196 61 6 76 1,251

Interior Total .............................................. 9,682 909 763 143 124 78 10 369 12,078

 Underground.............................................. 5,711 480 284 70 47 32 - 214 6,838

 Surface....................................................... 3,971 429 479 73 77 46 10 155 5,240

 Illinois Basin.............................................. 7,149 811 556 118 117 76 4 369 9,200

 Underground.............................................. 5,711 480 236 70 47 32 - 214 6,790

 Surface....................................................... 1,438 331 320 48 70 44 4 155 2,410

Western Total ............................................. 12,667 22 444 117 - - 4 345 13,599

 Underground.............................................. 3,224 - 403 117 - - - 185 3,929

 Surface....................................................... 9,443 22 41 - - - 4 160 9,670

 Powder River Basin.................................. 5,035 - - - - - - 18 5,053

 Surface....................................................... 5,035 - - - - - - 18 5,053

 Uinta Region ............................................. 3,463 22 283 64 - - - 124 3,956

 Underground.............................................. 2,928 - 283 64 - - - 119 3,394

 Surface....................................................... 535 22 - - - - - 5 562

 

East of Miss. River ..................................... 25,687 8,592 10,333 5,008 3,223 2,884 921 6,254 62,902

 Underground.............................................. 20,330 4,394 5,977 3,226 2,022 1,412 405 3,871 41,637

 Surface....................................................... 5,357 4,198 4,356 1,782 1,201 1,472 516 2,383 21,265

West of Miss. River .................................... 15,007 120 651 142 7 2 10 345 16,284

 Underground.............................................. 3,224 - 451 117 - - - 185 3,977

 Surface....................................................... 11,783 120 200 25 7 2 10 160 12,307

 

Subtotal........................................................ 40,694 8,712 10,984 5,150 3,230 2,886 931 6,599 79,186

 Underground.............................................. 23,554 4,394 6,428 3,343 2,022 1,412 405 4,056 45,614

 Surface....................................................... 17,140 4,318 4,556 1,807 1,208 1,474 526 2,543 33,572

 

Refuse Recovery ......................................... - - 14 3 5 39 34 2 97

 

U.S. Total..................................................... 40,694 8,712 10,998 5,153 3,235 2,925 965 6,601 79,283

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 41

Table 20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2005 

Union2 Nonunion2

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama................................................ 2,799 94 83 1,152

Alaska................................................... - 97 - -

Arizona ................................................. - 567 - -

Colorado ............................................... 152 278 1,488 308

Illinois................................................... 1,646 43 1,747 381

Indiana.................................................. - - 1,143 1,540

Kansas .................................................. - - - 25

Kentucky Total..................................... 728 80 10,250 5,668

 Eastern................................................ 137 80 8,587 5,223

 Western............................................... 591 - 1,663 445

Louisiana .............................................. - - - 242

Maryland .............................................. - - 272 218

Mississippi............................................ - - - 193

Missouri................................................ - - - 24

Montana................................................ - 634 53 148

New Mexico ......................................... 362 810 - 236

North Dakota ........................................ - 277 - 650

Ohio...................................................... 466 90 918 999

Oklahoma ............................................. - - 48 144

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 2,448 235 2,561 2,118

 Anthracite ........................................... - 167 203 417

 Bituminous ......................................... 2,448 68 2,358 1,701

Tennessee ............................................. - - 281 361

Texas .................................................... - 1,358 - 838

Utah ...................................................... 575 - 1,237 7

Virginia................................................. 630 96 2,863 1,417

Washington........................................... - 672 - -

West Virginia Total.............................. 4,891 959 7,506 5,145

 Northern.............................................. 2,648 - 1,422 538

 Southern.............................................. 2,243 959 6,084 4,607

Wyoming.............................................. 62 497 - 4,487

Appalachian Total.............................. 11,371 1,554 23,071 16,633

 Northern............................................. 5,562 325 5,173 3,873

 Central ............................................... 3,010 1,135 17,815 11,608

 Southern............................................. 2,799 94 83 1,152

Interior Total ...................................... 2,237 1,401 4,601 3,832

 Illinois Basin ..................................... 2,237 43 4,553 2,366

Western Total ..................................... 1,151 3,832 2,778 5,836

 Powder River Basin........................... - 622 - 4,431

 Uinta Region ..................................... 727 249 2,667 315

East of Miss. River ............................. 13,608 1,597 27,624 19,192

West of Miss. River ............................ 1,151 5,190 2,826 7,109

U.S. Total............................................. 14,759 6,787 30,450 26,301

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide 

data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
42 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 43

Productivity 
44 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2005, 2004 

Number of Mining Operations2 Number of Employees3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons)4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, and 

Mine Type 

2005 2004 Percent 

Change 2005 2004 Percent 

Change 2005 2004 Percent 

Change 

Alabama ...................................... 62 58 6.9 4,138 3,633 13.9 2.18 2.70 -19.1

 Underground.............................. 14 13 7.7 2,887 2,649 9.0 1.99 2.62 -24.1

 Surface....................................... 48 45 6.7 1,251 984 27.1 2.60 2.93 -11.2

Alaska .......................................... 1 1 - 97 92 5.4 6.71 7.27 -7.6

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 97 92 5.4 6.71 7.27 -7.6

Arizona ........................................ 3 3 - 567 598 -5.2 8.22 8.03 2.3

 Surface....................................... 3 3 - 567 598 -5.2 8.22 8.03 2.3

Arkansas...................................... 1 2 -50.0 2 12 -83.3 0.80 0.28 188.8

 Underground.............................. - 1 -100.0 - 9 -100.0 - 0.04 -100.0

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 2 3 -33.3 0.80 1.55 -48.4

Colorado...................................... 14 15 -6.7 2,226 2,092 6.4 8.52 9.10 -6.4

 Underground.............................. 9 9 - 1,640 1,488 10.2 8.65 9.52 -9.1

 Surface....................................... 5 6 -16.7 586 604 -3.0 8.17 8.09 1.0

Illinois .......................................... 31 29 6.9 3,817 3,573 6.8 3.70 3.97 -6.7

 Underground.............................. 18 17 5.9 3,393 3,188 6.4 3.46 3.74 -7.7

 Surface....................................... 13 12 8.3 424 385 10.1 5.50 5.84 -5.7

Indiana......................................... 48 49 -2.0 2,683 2,830 -5.2 5.06 5.05 0.2

 Underground.............................. 19 19 - 1,143 1,122 1.9 3.89 3.68 5.7

 Surface....................................... 29 30 -3.3 1,540 1,708 -9.8 5.92 5.95 -0.5

Kansas.......................................... 1 1 - 25 15 66.7 2.94 2.42 21.7

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 25 15 66.7 2.94 2.42 21.7

Kentucky Total ........................... 560 547 2.4 16,990 15,522 9.5 3.13 3.32 -5.8

 Underground.............................. 291 288 1.0 11,137 10,251 8.6 2.93 3.17 -7.8

 Surface....................................... 269 259 3.9 5,853 5,271 11.0 3.52 3.60 -2.3

 Eastern....................................... 524 512 2.3 14,290 13,272 7.7 2.93 3.13 -6.3

 Underground.............................. 273 271 0.7 8,883 8,371 6.1 2.64 2.90 -8.9

 Surface....................................... 251 241 4.1 5,407 4,901 10.3 3.40 3.50 -2.9

 Western...................................... 36 35 2.9 2,700 2,250 20.0 4.11 4.38 -6.1

 Underground.............................. 18 17 5.9 2,254 1,880 19.9 3.94 4.27 -7.5

 Surface....................................... 18 18 - 446 370 20.5 5.12 5.02 1.8

Louisiana ..................................... 2 2 - 242 231 4.8 7.98 7.74 3.1

 Surface....................................... 2 2 - 242 231 4.8 7.98 7.74 3.1

Maryland..................................... 19 22 -13.6 502 497 1.0 4.75 5.11 -7.0

 Underground.............................. 4 5 -20.0 272 264 3.0 5.33 5.98 -10.9

 Surface....................................... 15 17 -11.8 230 233 -1.3 4.05 4.06 -0.2

Mississippi ................................... 1 1 - 193 211 -8.5 8.87 8.49 4.4

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 193 211 -8.5 8.87 8.49 4.4

Missouri....................................... 2 3 -33.3 24 25 -4.0 11.25 11.10 1.4

 Surface....................................... 2 3 -33.3 24 25 -4.0 11.25 11.10 1.4

Montana ...................................... 6 6 - 835 722 15.7 23.26 25.72 -9.6

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 53 39 35.9 1.50 1.57 -4.5

 Surface....................................... 5 5 - 782 683 14.5 24.70 27.38 -9.8

New Mexico................................. 5 5 - 1,408 1,388 1.4 9.68 9.74 -0.6

 Underground.............................. 2 2 - 362 334 8.4 9.87 11.19 -11.8

 Surface....................................... 3 3 - 1,046 1,054 -0.8 9.61 9.27 3.7

North Dakota .............................. 4 4 - 927 918 1.0 16.84 17.06 -1.3

 Surface....................................... 4 4 - 927 918 1.0 16.84 17.06 -1.3

Ohio.............................................. 74 73 1.4 2,534 2,510 1.0 4.02 3.78 6.5

 Underground.............................. 20 19 5.3 1,384 1,312 5.5 4.90 4.53 8.2

 Surface....................................... 54 54 - 1,150 1,198 -4.0 3.05 2.99 2.1

Oklahoma.................................... 9 8 12.5 196 176 11.4 3.55 3.83 -7.4

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 48 44 9.1 3.55 3.26 8.9

 Surface....................................... 8 7 14.3 148 132 12.1 3.55 4.04 -12.2

Pennsylvania Total ..................... 357 346 3.2 7,609 7,524 1.1 3.96 3.99 -0.7

 Underground.............................. 88 94 -6.4 5,043 5,003 0.8 4.71 4.72 -0.3

 Surface....................................... 269 252 6.7 2,566 2,521 1.8 2.38 2.43 -2.0

 Anthracite.................................. 115 114 0.9 891 890 0.1 0.95 0.97 -2.7

 Underground.............................. 31 37 -16.2 228 230 -0.9 0.63 0.67 -5.3

 Surface....................................... 84 77 9.1 663 660 0.5 1.04 1.07 -2.0

 Bituminous ................................ 242 232 4.3 6,718 6,634 1.3 4.31 4.34 -0.9

 Underground.............................. 57 57 - 4,815 4,773 0.9 4.86 4.87 -0.3

 Surface....................................... 185 175 5.7 1,903 1,861 2.3 2.81 2.89 -2.6

Tennessee..................................... 38 41 -7.3 691 646 7.0 2.04 2.36 -13.4

 Underground.............................. 18 17 5.9 318 244 30.3 2.21 2.29 -3.4

 Surface....................................... 20 24 -16.7 373 402 -7.2 1.95 2.39 -18.2

Texas............................................ 13 13 - 2,196 2,274 -3.4 9.70 9.34 3.8

 Surface....................................... 13 13 - 2,196 2,274 -3.4 9.70 9.34 3.8

Utah.............................................. 19 19 - 1,817 1,533 18.5 6.37 6.75 -5.7

 Underground.............................. 18 17 5.9 1,812 1,522 19.1 6.39 6.81 -6.1

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 45

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2005, 2004 (Continued) 

Number of Mining Operations 2 Number of Employees 3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons) 4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

 , 

and Mine Type 

2005 2004 Percent 

Change 2005 2004 Percent 

Change 2005 2004 Percent 

Change 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................... 1 2 -50.0 5 11 -54.5 - - -

Virginia........................................ 179 171 4.7 5,134 4,842 6.0 2.54 2.95 -13.9

 Underground.............................. 109 104 4.8 3,577 3,374 6.0 2.25 2.83 -20.4

 Surface....................................... 70 67 4.5 1,557 1,468 6.1 3.13 3.22 -2.7

Washington ................................. 1 1 - 672 581 15.7 3.71 4.30 -13.7

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 672 581 15.7 3.71 4.30 -13.7

West Virginia Total.................... 398 376 5.9 18,611 16,403 13.5 3.60 4.03 -10.7

 Underground.............................. 233 214 8.9 12,483 11,136 12.1 3.26 3.72 -12.6

 Surface....................................... 165 162 1.9 6,128 5,267 16.3 4.26 4.65 -8.5

 Northern.................................... 71 69 2.9 4,629 4,263 8.6 4.13 4.39 -6.1

 Underground.............................. 39 36 8.3 4,085 3,805 7.4 4.16 4.40 -5.6

 Surface....................................... 32 33 -3.0 544 458 18.8 3.91 4.35 -10.0

 Southern .................................... 327 307 6.5 13,982 12,140 15.2 3.43 3.91 -12.3

 Underground.............................. 194 178 9.0 8,398 7,331 14.6 2.83 3.38 -16.5

 Surface....................................... 133 129 3.1 5,584 4,809 16.1 4.29 4.68 -8.3

Wyoming ..................................... 19 20 -5.0 5,050 4,953 2.0 38.01 38.83 -2.1

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 62 37 67.6 3.50 2.87 21.9

 Surface....................................... 18 19 -5.3 4,988 4,916 1.5 38.39 38.88 -1.3

 

Appalachian Total...................... 1,651 1,599 3.3 53,509 49,327 8.5 3.28 3.56 -7.9

 Underground.............................. 759 737 3.0 34,847 32,353 7.7 3.19 3.53 -9.7

 Surface....................................... 892 862 3.5 18,662 16,974 9.9 3.43 3.61 -4.8

 Northern.................................... 521 510 2.2 15,274 14,794 3.2 4.05 4.10 -1.3

 Underground.............................. 151 154 -1.9 10,784 10,384 3.9 4.54 4.61 -1.5

 Surface....................................... 370 356 3.9 4,490 4,410 1.8 2.85 2.89 -1.2

 Central....................................... 1,067 1,031 3.5 34,084 30,900 10.3 3.07 3.40 -9.7

 Underground.............................. 593 570 4.0 21,163 19,320 9.5 2.65 3.07 -13.6

 Surface....................................... 474 461 2.8 12,921 11,580 11.6 3.71 3.93 -5.4

 Southern .................................... 63 58 8.6 4,151 3,633 14.3 2.18 2.70 -19.2

 Underground.............................. 15 13 15.4 2,900 2,649 9.5 1.99 2.62 -24.2

 Surface....................................... 48 45 6.7 1,251 984 27.1 2.60 2.93 -11.2

Interior Total .............................. 144 143 0.7 12,078 11,597 4.1 5.29 5.47 -3.1

 Underground.............................. 56 55 1.8 6,838 6,243 9.5 3.70 3.88 -4.7

 Surface....................................... 88 88 - 5,240 5,354 -2.1 7.43 7.37 0.7

 Illinois Basin.............................. 115 113 1.8 9,200 8,653 6.3 4.25 4.45 -4.5

 Underground.............................. 55 53 3.8 6,790 6,190 9.7 3.70 3.90 -5.0

 Surface....................................... 60 60 - 2,410 2,463 -2.2 5.72 5.80 -1.5

Western Total ............................. 72 74 -2.7 13,599 12,877 5.6 20.47 21.28 -3.8

 Underground.............................. 31 30 3.3 3,929 3,420 14.9 7.54 8.33 -9.5

 Surface....................................... 41 44 -6.8 9,670 9,457 2.3 25.63 25.90 -1.0

 Powder River Basin.................. 17 17 - 5,053 4,771 5.9 40.11 42.09 -4.7

 Underground.............................. - - - - - - - - -

 Surface....................................... 17 17 - 5,053 4,771 5.9 40.11 42.09 -4.7

 Uinta Region ............................. 31 32 -3.1 3,956 3,540 11.8 7.60 8.19 -7.2

 Underground.............................. 26 25 4.0 3,394 2,951 15.0 7.51 8.24 -8.9

 Surface....................................... 5 7 -28.6 562 589 -4.6 8.16 7.93 2.9

 

East of Miss. River ..................... 1,767 1,713 3.2 62,902 58,191 8.1 3.44 3.71 -7.3

 Underground.............................. 814 790 3.0 41,637 38,543 8.0 3.28 3.59 -8.8

 Surface....................................... 953 923 3.3 21,265 19,648 8.2 3.75 3.94 -4.9

West of Miss. River .................... 100 103 -2.9 16,284 15,610 4.3 18.50 19.01 -2.7

 Underground.............................. 32 32 - 3,977 3,473 14.5 7.48 8.22 -9.1

 Surface....................................... 68 71 -4.2 12,307 12,137 1.4 21.99 22.05 -0.3

 

Subtotal........................................ 1,867 1,816 2.8 79,186 73,801 7.3 6.36 6.80 -6.5

 Underground.............................. 846 822 2.9 45,614 42,016 8.6 3.62 3.96 -8.5

 Surface....................................... 1,021 994 2.7 33,572 31,785 5.6 10.04 10.57 -5.0

 

Refuse Recovery ......................... 18 26 -30.8 97 111 -12.6 3.99 5.73 -30.4

 

U.S. Total..................................... 1,885 1,842 2.3 79,283 73,912 7.3 6.36 6.80 -6.5

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant or preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal are reported as two operations. 3

 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office 

workers. 4

 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, 

repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

 

 Note: • Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
46 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2005 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2

 Conventional3 Longwall4 Other5 Total 

Alabama............................................. 1.31 - 2.01 - 2.00

Colorado ............................................ 3.85 - 8.94 - 8.65

Illinois................................................ 3.59 - 3.22 - 3.46

Indiana............................................... 3.97 - - - 3.97

Kentucky Total.................................. 2.93 1.80 4.37 - 2.94

 Eastern............................................. 2.62 1.92 4.37 - 2.65

 Western............................................ 4.04 1.47 - - 3.99

Maryland ........................................... 5.33 - - - 5.33

Montana............................................. 1.50 - - - 1.50

New Mexico ...................................... - - 9.87 - 9.87

Ohio................................................... 3.78 - 5.24 - 4.93

Oklahoma .......................................... 3.55 - - - 3.55

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 3.63 1.92 5.35 0.27 4.72

 Anthracite ........................................ 0.74 0.42 - 0.27 0.63

 Bituminous ...................................... 3.95 2.09 5.35 - 4.86

Tennessee .......................................... 2.30 - - - 2.30

Utah ................................................... 2.11 - 7.37 - 6.39

Virginia.............................................. 2.24 2.65 2.57 - 2.30

West Virginia Total........................... 2.70 2.30 4.14 - 3.27

 Northern........................................... 2.49 2.30 4.91 - 4.16

 Southern........................................... 2.74 - 3.14 - 2.84

Wyoming........................................... 3.50 - - - 3.50

 

Appalachian Total........................... 2.70 1.99 4.04 0.27 3.21

 Northern.......................................... 3.32 1.93 5.17 0.27 4.55

 Central ............................................ 2.60 2.09 3.13 - 2.67

 Southern.......................................... 1.31 - 2.01 - 2.00

Interior Total ................................... 3.01 0.85 3.22 - 3.02

 Illinois Basin .................................. 3.86 1.47 3.22 - 3.73

Western Total .................................. 2.49 - 8.35 - 7.54

 Powder River Basin........................ - ----

 Uinta Region .................................. 2.28 - 8.15 - 7.51

 

East of Miss. River .......................... 2.96 1.95 3.97 0.27 3.30

West of Miss. River ......................... 2.60 - 8.35 - 7.48

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 2.95 1.95 4.75 0.27 3.64

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

4

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 5

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods, or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

 Note: • For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand alone mines. Productivity 

is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, 

maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 47

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2005 

 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Mine Production Range 

(Thousand Short Tons) Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total2

Alabama ...................................................... 2.16 2.14 2.77 2.93 1.71 1.60 0.08 2.18

 Underground.............................................. 2.16 1.00 - - 1.17 - 0.06 1.99

 Surface....................................................... - 3.12 2.77 2.93 1.91 1.60 0.10 2.60

Alaska .......................................................... 6.71 - - - - - - 6.71

 Surface....................................................... 6.71 - - - - - - 6.71

Arizona ........................................................ 8.60 - - - - - - 8.22

 Surface....................................................... 8.60 - - - - - - 8.22

Arkansas...................................................... - - - - - - 0.80 0.80

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - 0.80 0.80

Colorado...................................................... 8.66 18.28 4.50 - - - - 8.52

 Underground.............................................. 8.97 - 3.86 - - - - 8.65

 Surface....................................................... 7.82 18.28 6.28 - - - - 8.17

Illinois .......................................................... 3.81 3.47 6.32 - 9.08 4.41 - 3.70

 Underground.............................................. 3.61 2.89 - - - - - 3.46

 Surface....................................................... 5.78 9.17 6.32 - 9.08 4.41 - 5.50

Indiana......................................................... 5.43 4.37 5.78 - 2.28 0.73 - 5.06

 Underground.............................................. 4.32 2.07 4.23 - - 0.50 - 3.89

 Surface....................................................... 6.30 5.81 6.57 - 2.28 1.12 - 5.92

Kansas.......................................................... - - - 2.94 - - - 2.94

 Surface....................................................... - - - 2.94 - - - 2.94

Kentucky Total ........................................... 4.24 4.01 3.23 2.78 2.34 1.94 0.04 3.13

 Underground.............................................. 3.98 3.62 3.03 2.56 2.03 1.58 0.03 2.93

 Surface....................................................... 5.46 4.41 3.54 3.31 3.08 2.34 0.06 3.52

 Eastern....................................................... 4.01 3.97 3.18 2.82 2.38 1.93 0.04 2.93

 Underground.............................................. 3.45 3.59 3.09 2.60 2.14 1.58 0.03 2.64

 Surface....................................................... 5.30 4.39 3.33 3.36 2.92 2.31 0.06 3.40

 Western...................................................... 4.50 4.62 3.85 2.04 1.80 4.62 0.02 4.11

 Underground.............................................. 4.40 4.87 2.13 1.62 0.76 - - 3.94

 Surface....................................................... 6.85 4.54 6.11 2.63 7.38 4.62 0.15 5.12

Louisiana ..................................................... 8.00 7.88 - - - - - 7.98

 Surface....................................................... 8.00 7.88 - - - - - 7.98

Maryland..................................................... 7.11 5.51 2.84 4.12 2.42 1.90 0.11 4.75

 Underground.............................................. 7.11 - 2.87 3.44 - - - 5.33

 Surface....................................................... - 5.51 2.81 5.39 2.42 1.90 0.42 4.05

Mississippi ................................................... 8.87 - - - - - - 8.87

 Surface....................................................... 8.87 - - - - - - 8.87

Missouri....................................................... - - 11.25 - - - - 11.25

 Surface....................................................... - - 11.25 - - - - 11.25

Montana ...................................................... 24.87 - 13.58 1.50 - - - 23.26

 Underground.............................................. - - - 1.50 - - - 1.50

 Surface....................................................... 24.87 - 13.58 - - - - 24.70

New Mexico................................................. 10.94 - - - - - - 9.68

 Underground.............................................. 11.82 - - - - - - 9.87

 Surface....................................................... 10.64 - - - - - - 9.61

North Dakota .............................................. 16.84 - - - - - - 16.84

 Surface....................................................... 16.84 - - - - - - 16.84

Ohio.............................................................. 5.42 3.96 3.54 3.34 1.93 1.57 0.08 4.02

 Underground.............................................. 5.42 - 4.00 - 1.91 0.88 - 4.90

 Surface....................................................... - 3.99 3.36 3.34 1.93 1.67 0.12 3.05

Oklahoma.................................................... - - 3.54 - 4.05 10.71 1.14 3.55

 Underground.............................................. - - 3.55 - - - - 3.55

 Surface....................................................... - - 3.54 - 4.05 10.71 1.14 3.55

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 5.49 4.19 4.31 2.31 2.23 2.31 0.16 3.96

 Underground.............................................. 5.49 5.06 4.85 1.93 1.91 1.00 0.04 4.71

 Surface....................................................... - 2.78 3.91 2.58 2.30 2.45 0.24 2.38

 Anthracite.................................................. - - 3.99 1.40 2.44 1.73 0.12 0.95

 Underground.............................................. - - - 1.59 - 1.04 0.09 0.63

 Surface....................................................... - - 3.99 1.30 2.44 1.90 0.13 1.04

 Bituminous ................................................ 5.49 4.19 4.31 2.50 2.18 2.71 0.19 4.31

 Underground.............................................. 5.49 5.06 4.85 1.98 1.91 0.80 0.01 4.86

 Surface....................................................... - 2.78 3.90 2.89 2.26 2.77 0.40 2.81

Tennessee..................................................... - 1.94 2.43 2.55 2.60 2.44 0.15 2.04

 Underground.............................................. - - 3.03 3.03 2.60 2.12 0.15 2.21

 Surface....................................................... - 1.94 2.11 2.05 - 2.71 0.16 1.95

Texas............................................................ 9.90 3.81 - - - - - 9.70

 Surface....................................................... 9.90 3.81 - - - - - 9.70

Utah.............................................................. 7.79 - 2.20 2.52 - - - 6.37

 Underground.............................................. 7.79 - 2.20 2.52 - - - 6.39

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - - -

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
48 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2005 (Continued) 

 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Mine Production Range 

(Thousand Short Tons) Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total 2

Virginia........................................................ 3.27 3.69 3.04 2.38 2.37 1.43 0.05 2.54

 Underground.............................................. 2.96 3.19 2.92 2.12 2.16 1.21 0.05 2.25

 Surface....................................................... 3.92 4.27 3.24 3.03 3.27 1.99 0.06 3.13

Washington ................................................. 3.71 - - - - - - 3.71

 Surface....................................................... 3.71 - - - - - - 3.71

West Virginia Total.................................... 4.69 4.27 3.23 2.64 2.45 2.49 0.01 3.60

 Underground.............................................. 4.27 3.89 3.16 2.36 2.15 2.12 0.01 3.26

 Surface....................................................... 5.47 4.71 3.37 3.97 3.83 2.99 0.02 4.26

 Northern.................................................... 4.80 3.92 3.22 2.33 3.35 2.98 0.01 4.13

 Underground.............................................. 4.73 3.55 3.20 2.17 2.70 2.53 - 4.16

 Surface....................................................... 5.70 4.54 3.36 4.09 4.07 3.44 0.04 3.91

 Southern .................................................... 4.64 4.31 3.23 2.70 2.25 2.36 0.01 3.43

 Underground.............................................. 3.77 3.94 3.15 2.40 2.08 2.03 0.01 2.83

 Surface....................................................... 5.45 4.72 3.37 3.96 3.60 2.85 0.01 4.29

Wyoming ..................................................... 38.51 - 3.50 - - - 0.18 38.01

 Underground.............................................. - - 3.50 - - - - 3.50

 Surface....................................................... 38.51 - - - - - 0.18 38.39

 

Appalachian Total...................................... 4.42 3.91 3.26 2.66 2.28 2.02 0.05 3.28

 Underground.............................................. 4.17 3.62 3.24 2.38 2.10 1.57 0.02 3.19

 Surface....................................................... 5.32 4.18 3.29 3.10 2.58 2.35 0.09 3.43

 Northern.................................................... 5.24 4.16 3.82 2.47 2.38 2.27 0.11 4.05

 Underground.............................................. 5.22 4.56 4.00 2.06 2.25 1.49 0.02 4.54

 Surface....................................................... 5.70 3.92 3.65 2.81 2.42 2.39 0.19 2.85

 Central....................................................... 4.32 4.02 3.14 2.70 2.35 1.92 0.03 3.07

 Underground.............................................. 3.55 3.68 3.08 2.45 2.14 1.58 0.02 2.65

 Surface....................................................... 5.29 4.38 3.24 3.39 3.06 2.38 0.04 3.71

 Southern .................................................... 2.16 2.14 2.77 2.93 1.71 1.60 0.11 2.18

 Underground.............................................. 2.16 1.00 - - 1.17 - 0.11 1.99

 Surface....................................................... - 3.12 2.77 2.93 1.91 1.60 0.10 2.60

Interior Total .............................................. 5.72 4.18 4.68 2.25 2.28 1.68 0.02 5.29

 Underground.............................................. 4.00 2.86 2.94 1.62 0.76 0.50 - 3.70

 Surface....................................................... 8.25 5.52 5.64 2.76 4.54 2.82 0.05 7.43

 Illinois Basin.............................................. 4.49 4.07 4.87 2.04 2.16 1.53 0.01 4.25

 Underground.............................................. 4.00 2.86 2.78 1.62 0.76 0.50 - 3.70

 Surface....................................................... 6.23 5.61 6.35 2.63 4.64 2.57 0.02 5.72

Western Total ............................................. 21.76 18.28 3.29 2.05 - - 0.01 20.47

 Underground.............................................. 8.73 - 2.75 2.05 - - - 7.54

 Surface....................................................... 26.14 18.28 8.22 - - - 0.02 25.63

 Powder River Basin.................................. 40.21 - - - - - - 40.11

 Surface....................................................... 40.21 - - - - - - 40.11

 Uinta Region ............................................. 8.30 18.28 2.42 2.52 - - - 7.60

 Underground.............................................. 8.39 - 2.42 2.52 - - - 7.51

 Surface....................................................... 7.82 18.28 - - - - - 8.16

 

East of Miss. River ..................................... 4.46 3.93 3.34 2.64 2.28 2.01 0.05 3.44

 Underground.............................................. 4.12 3.54 3.23 2.37 2.05 1.54 0.02 3.28

 Surface....................................................... 5.67 4.30 3.48 3.09 2.64 2.35 0.09 3.75

West of Miss. River .................................... 19.85 7.52 3.66 2.23 4.05 10.71 0.02 18.50

 Underground.............................................. 8.73 - 2.86 2.05 - - - 7.48

 Surface....................................................... 22.84 7.52 5.17 2.94 4.05 10.71 0.05 21.99

 

Subtotal........................................................ 9.65 3.97 3.36 2.63 2.28 2.01 0.05 6.36

 Underground.............................................. 4.68 3.54 3.20 2.35 2.05 1.54 0.02 3.62

 Surface....................................................... 16.75 4.38 3.56 3.09 2.65 2.36 0.09 10.04

 

Refuse Recovery ......................................... - - 6.77 14.18 15.01 2.11 0.87 3.99

 

U.S. Total..................................................... 9.65 3.97 3.36 2.64 2.30 2.01 0.05 6.36

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, 

development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during 

the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 49

Table 24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2005 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Union Nonunion Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama................................................ 2.02 2.35 1.05 2.62

Alaska................................................... - 6.71 - -

Arizona ................................................. - 8.22 - -

Colorado ............................................... 7.34 5.95 8.78 10.13

Illinois................................................... 3.51 - 3.41 6.06

Indiana.................................................. - - 3.89 5.92

Kansas .................................................. - - - 2.94

Kentucky Total..................................... 3.22 2.81 2.91 3.54

 Eastern................................................ 1.43 2.81 2.67 3.42

 Western............................................... 3.65 - 4.04 5.12

Louisiana .............................................. - - - 7.98

Maryland .............................................. - - 5.33 4.17

Mississippi............................................ - - - 8.87

Missouri................................................ - - - 11.25

Montana................................................ - 20.61 1.50 41.85

New Mexico ......................................... 9.87 9.21 - 11.01

North Dakota ........................................ - 14.52 - 17.74

Ohio...................................................... 4.46 3.27 5.16 3.15

Oklahoma ............................................. - - 3.55 3.59

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 4.06 1.08 5.33 2.59

 Anthracite ........................................... - 0.62 0.63 1.25

 Bituminous ......................................... 4.06 2.13 5.66 2.89

Tennessee ............................................. - - 2.30 1.96

Texas .................................................... - 9.64 - 9.80

Utah ...................................................... 4.79 - 7.08 -

Virginia................................................. 2.06 3.37 2.30 3.13

Washington........................................... - 3.71 - -

West Virginia Total.............................. 3.70 3.84 2.96 4.34

 Northern.............................................. 4.91 - 2.49 3.93

 Southern.............................................. 2.28 3.84 3.06 4.39

Wyoming.............................................. 3.50 8.24 - 41.47

Appalachian Total.............................. 3.28 3.25 3.16 3.48

 Northern............................................. 4.50 1.70 4.60 3.02

 Central ............................................... 2.20 3.73 2.74 3.72

 Southern............................................. 2.02 2.35 1.05 2.62

Interior Total ...................................... 3.55 9.35 3.77 6.77

 Illinois Basin ..................................... 3.55 - 3.77 5.81

Western Total ..................................... 6.77 9.82 7.85 36.09

 Powder River Basin........................... - 20.74 - 42.76

 Uinta Region ..................................... 5.31 5.91 8.08 9.89

East of Miss. River ............................. 3.33 3.17 3.27 3.83

West of Miss. River ............................ 6.77 9.77 7.76 31.03

U.S. Total............................................. 3.57 8.09 3.66 10.60

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, 

processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal 

and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
50 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 51

Domestic Markets 
52 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2005 

 Company Name Plant Location 

Top Ten Manufacturers

 Alcoa Inc (Aluminum Company of America) (IN)(TX)

 Archer Daniels Midland (IA)(IL)(MN)(ND)

 Cargill Incorporated (AL)(GA)(IA)(MI)(NC)(NY)(OH)(TN)

 Carmeuse North American Group (AL)(IL)(IN)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)

 Dakota Gasification Company (ND)

 Eastman Chemical Company (AR)(TN)

 Georgia-Pacific Corp (AL)(GA)(OK)(VA)(WI)

 International Paper Co (AL)(FL)(GA)(IN)(LA)(MI)(MN)(NC)(SC)(VA)(WI)

 Lafarge North America (AL)(GA)(IA)(IL)(KS)(MI)(MO)(NY)(OK)(PA)(SC)(WA)

 NewPage Corporation (MD)(MI)(OH)(SC)(VA)

Other Major Manufacturers

 Abitibi Consolidated Sales Corp (AZ)

 Amalgamated Sugar Co, LLC (ID)

 American Crystal Sugar Co (MN)(ND)

 Ash Grove Cement Co (AR)(KS)(MT)(NE)(UT)

 Blue Ridge Paper Prod Inc (NC)

 Bowater Newsprint (AL)(TN)

 Buzzi Unicem USA (IL)(IN)(KS)(MO)(OK)(TX)

 California Portland Cement Co (AZ)(CA)

 Celanese Ltd (TX)

 Cemex, Inc (AL)(CO)(GA)(KY)(MI)(PA)(TN)

 Cinergy Solutions (VA)

 ESSROC Materials Inc (IN)(MD)(PA)

 Eastman Kodak Company (NY)

 FMC Corporation (WY)

 General Chemical Corporation (WY)

 Holcim Inc (AL)(CO)(IA)(MI)(MS)(SC)(UT)

 IMC Chemical Co (CA)

 International Steel Group Inc (IN)

 Ispat US Holdings BV (IN)

 Kennecott Utah Copper (UT)

 Lehigh Cement Co (AL)(IA)(IN)(MD)(PA)

 Mead Westvaco Corporation (MD)(MI)(OH)(SC)(VA)

 PPG Industries Inc (WV)

 Silver Bay Power Company (MN)

 Smurfit Stone Container Corp (FL)(MI)(SC)(VA)

 Stora Enso North America (WI)

 TXI Operations, LP (TX)

 Tate and Lyle Ingredients Americas Inc (IL)(IN)(TN)

 Thilmany LLC (AL)(FL)(GA)(IN)(LA)(MI)(MN)(NC)(SC)(VA)(WI)

 Weyerhaeuser Inc (AL)(NC)(PA)(WA)

Top Ten Coke Producers

 AK Steel Corp (KY)(OH)

 Citizens Gas & Coke Utility (IN)

 Drummond Company Inc (AL)

 Indiana Harbor Coke Co LP (IN)

 International Steel Group Inc (OH)

 Jewell Coke Company LP (IN)(VA)

 Mittal Steel USA Burns Harbor (IN)(MI)

 Sun Coke Co (OH)

 United States Steel Coporation (IL)(IN)(PA)

 Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp (WV)

 Note: • Major manufactures are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. 

Manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Manufacturers: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing Plants;" and, Coke Plants: 

Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 53

Table 26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2005, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2005 2004 Total 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial 

2005 2004 Percent 

Change 

New England........................ 8,963 195 - 60 8,316 171 - 47 9,219 8,534 8.0

 Connecticut......................... 2,070 W - W 2,132 - - W 2,076 W W

 Maine.................................. 146 W - W 168 W - W 276 286 -3.5

 Massachusetts..................... 5,025 W - W 4,357 W - W 5,136 4,446 15.5

 New Hampshire.................. 1,723 - - W 1,660 - - W W W 3.9

 Rhode Island....................... - - - W --- W W W -7.2

 Vermont.............................. - - - W --- W W W 0.3

Middle Atlantic.................... 68,529 W W W 65,829 W W W 80,788 78,572 2.8

 New Jersey ......................... 4,995 W - W 4,429 W - W 5,004 4,440 12.7

 New York ........................... 9,069 1,180 W 160 9,702 1,167 W 161 W W -5.6

 Pennsylvania....................... 54,464 2,937 W 623 51,698 3,337 W 680 W W 3.6

East North Central.............. 234,327 14,253 11,064 1,306 228,619 15,001 11,322 1,467 260,951 256,409 1.8

 Illinois................................. 53,822 3,502 W 146 54,078 3,525 W 250 W W -0.6

 Indiana................................ 60,011 5,289 W 257 59,459 5,788 7,989 429 W 73,665 W

 Michigan............................. 36,273 1,828 W 153 35,312 1,949 W 179 W W 2.4

 Ohio.................................... 59,607 1,940 W 333 54,994 1,973 W 456 W W 8.7

 Wisconsin ........................... 24,615 1,695 - 417 24,777 1,766 - 153 26,727 26,696 0.1

West North Central............. 148,975 12,623 - 826 147,353 12,030 - 626 162,425 160,010 1.5

 Iowa.................................... 21,072 2,930 - 274 21,873 2,925 - 177 24,276 24,975 -2.8

 Kansas ................................ 22,046 205 - - 22,139 203 - - 22,251 22,341 -0.4

 Minnesota ........................... 20,008 1,300 - 72 20,070 1,312 - * 21,381 21,382 *

 Missouri.............................. 45,765 1,052 - 215 44,379 1,063 - 193 47,033 45,635 3.1

 Nebraska............................. 12,886 393 - 4 12,650 371 - 3 13,283 13,023 2.0

 North Dakota...................... 25,317 W - W 23,915 W - W 32,044 30,079 6.5

 South Dakota...................... 1,880 W - W 2,328 W - W 2,158 2,574 -16.1

South Atlantic ...................... 179,548 W W W 173,685 W W W 192,809 187,796 2.7

 Delaware............................. 2,208 W - W 2,055 W - W 2,325 2,174 6.9

 District of Columbia........... - - - W --- W W W 28.7

 Florida ................................ 26,603 1,068 - * 27,644 1,045 - - 27,672 28,689 -3.5

 Georgia ............................... 39,137 1,700 - 49 36,094 1,771 - 7 40,887 37,872 8.0

 Maryland ............................ 11,710 1,349 - 32 11,576 1,375 - 56 13,090 13,006 0.6

 North Carolina.................... 31,303 1,408 - 149 29,922 1,448 - 352 32,860 31,722 3.6

 South Carolina.................... 15,793 1,504 - - 15,557 1,794 - - 17,296 17,351 -0.3

 Virginia............................... 14,920 2,196 W 121 14,882 2,146 W 93 W W 0.6

 West Virginia ..................... 37,875 1,151 W 80 35,956 1,501 W 56 W W 4.1

East South Central .............. 113,228 W W W 109,208 W 2,644 W 122,632 119,028 3.0

 Alabama.............................. 36,997 1,874 W 2 35,083 2,110 W * W W 4.4

 Kentucky ............................ 40,352 1,212 W 289 39,342 1,328 W 274 W W 2.3

 Mississippi.......................... 9,760 W - W 9,950 W - W 9,885 10,110 -2.2

 Tennessee ........................... 26,119 3,149 - 32 24,832 3,233 - 70 29,301 28,135 4.1

West South Central ............. 153,006 W - W 153,350 W - W 158,262 158,723 -0.3

 Arkansas ............................. 14,031 368 - - 15,318 415 - * 14,399 15,733 -8.5

 Louisiana ............................ 15,790 W - W 15,975 W - W 15,856 16,059 -1.3

 Oklahoma ........................... 21,952 727 - 1 20,294 714 - - 22,680 21,008 8.0

 Texas .................................. 101,233 4,082 - 12 101,763 4,148 - 11 105,327 105,922 -0.6

Mountain .............................. 119,793 4,953 - 410 118,830 4,971 - 659 125,156 124,459 0.6

 Arizona ............................... 20,333 719 - 1 20,060 738 - 1 21,053 20,799 1.2

 Colorado ............................. 19,013 W - W 19,251 W - W 19,445 19,766 -1.6

 Idaho................................... - 536 - 13 - 600 - 7 548 607 -9.7

 Montana.............................. 11,588 W - W 11,322 W - W 11,822 11,522 2.6

 Nevada................................ 8,622 W - W 8,502 W - W 8,826 8,715 1.3

 New Mexico ....................... 17,034 W - W 16,661 W - W 17,116 16,745 2.2

 Utah .................................... 17,118 1,431 - 45 16,606 1,330 - 213 18,594 18,150 2.4

 Wyoming............................ 26,086 1,597 - 69 26,428 1,627 - 102 27,752 28,156 -1.4

Pacific ................................... 11,115 2,096 - 23 11,077 2,117 - 529 13,235 13,723 -3.6

 Alaska................................. 398 W - W 393 W - W 403 891 -54.8

 California............................ 873 1,956 - 20 924 1,914 - 8 2,849 2,847 *

 Hawaii ................................ 746 W - W 804 W - W 804 857 -6.1

 Oregon................................ 2,103 W - W 2,077 W - W 2,112 2,141 -1.4

 Washington......................... 6,996 W - W 6,879 W - W 7,067 6,986 1.2

U.S. Total.............................. 1,037,485 60,340 23,434 4,217 1,016,268 62,195 23,670 5,122 1,125,476 1,107,255 1.6

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants 

 * Quantity is less than 0.5 thousand short tons or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing 

Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants," Form EIA-6A, "Coal Distribution Report," Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and, 

Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 
54 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division, 2005, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2005 2004 Total 

Census Division 

Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke Producer and

Distributor 

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke Producer and 

Distributor 2005 2004 Percent 

Change 

New England........................ 864 45 - - 807 42 - - 909 849 7.1

Middle Atlantic.................... 6,312 412 W 4,019 5,709 447 W 3,022 W W 19.9

East North Central.............. 28,572 1,465 1,494 1,848 28,734 1,285 681 1,600 33,379 32,300 3.3

West North Central............. 14,808 1,209 - 2,647 19,417 1,047 - 2,832 18,664 23,295 -19.9

South Atlantic ...................... 17,358 1,068 W 9,945 17,211 920 W 11,074 W W -2.5

East South Central .............. 10,789 494 W 4,368 8,126 365 182 4,597 W 13,270 W

West South Central ............. 10,789 354 - 1,862 14,882 285 - 1,861 13,006 17,028 -23.6

Mountain .............................. 10,618 323 - 10,152 10,627 267 - 16,077 21,093 26,971 -21.8

Pacific ................................... 1,027 210 - 128 1,155 186 - 89 1,364 1,430 -4.6

U.S. Total.............................. 101,137 5,582 2,615 34,971 106,669 4,842 1,344 41,151 144,304 154,006 -6.3

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Stocks data for residential and commercial sector are not collected by EIA. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing 

Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants," and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report."
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 55

Average Mine Sales Price 
56 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2005, 2004 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

2005 2004 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 54.75 51.74 53.63 41.69 41.84 41.73 31.3 23.7 28.5

Alaska........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Colorado ....................................... 21.69 21.45 21.63 17.55 19.54 18.10 23.6 9.8 19.5

Illinois........................................... 29.18 31.63 29.67 26.07 23.84 25.72 11.9 32.6 15.4

Indiana.......................................... 33.17 22.01 25.31 27.03 21.96 23.27 22.7 0.2 8.8

Kansas .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................. 38.70 41.24 39.68 32.34 33.41 32.74 19.7 23.4 21.2

 Eastern........................................ 43.55 43.05 43.33 35.56 34.60 35.15 22.5 24.4 23.3

 Western....................................... 27.48 25.87 27.19 23.77 22.87 23.60 15.6 13.1 15.2

Louisiana ...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland ...................................... W W 28.55 W W 24.58 W W 16.2

Mississippi.................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana........................................ W W 9.74 W W 10.09 W W -3.5

New Mexico ................................. W W 25.82 W W 24.09 W W 7.1

North Dakota ................................ - 10.45 10.45 - 9.67 9.67 - 8.0 8.0

Ohio.............................................. 25.25 30.06 26.88 23.64 24.12 23.82 6.8 24.6 12.9

Oklahoma ..................................... W W 28.24 W W 28.36 W W -0.4

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 36.23 37.05 36.39 29.93 34.27 30.77 21.0 8.1 18.3

 Anthracite ................................... 46.74 39.71 41.00 52.52 37.96 39.77 -11.0 4.6 3.1

 Bituminous ................................. 36.18 36.76 36.28 29.85 33.80 30.54 21.2 8.7 18.8

Tennessee ..................................... 49.89 37.91 42.50 43.54 31.79 34.70 14.6 19.2 22.5

Texas ............................................ - 17.39 17.39 - 15.39 15.39 - 13.0 13.0

Utah .............................................. 21.45 - 21.45 17.39 - 17.39 23.4 - 23.4

Virginia......................................... 48.01 47.93 47.97 38.85 37.93 38.51 23.6 26.4 24.6

West Virginia Total...................... 41.99 42.33 42.14 35.63 35.09 35.41 17.8 20.6 19.0

 Northern...................................... 32.52 38.10 33.16 27.98 31.25 28.39 16.2 21.9 16.8

 Southern...................................... 49.06 42.66 45.50 40.13 35.41 37.76 22.3 20.5 20.5

Wyoming...................................... - 7.71 7.71 - 7.12 7.12 - 8.3 8.3

 

U.S. Total..................................... 36.42 17.37 23.59 30.36 14.75 19.93 19.9 17.7 18.3

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 57

Table 29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2005 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Continuous1

 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total 

Alabama............................................. W - W - 54.75

Colorado ............................................ W - W - 21.69

Illinois................................................ W - W - 29.18

Indiana............................................... 33.17 - - - 33.17

Kentucky Total.................................. W 38.71 W - 38.70

 Eastern............................................. W W W - 43.55

 Western............................................ W W - - 27.48

Maryland ........................................... W --- W

Montana............................................. W --- W

New Mexico ...................................... - - W - W

Ohio................................................... W - W - 25.25

Oklahoma .......................................... W --- W

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 46.07 40.17 W W 36.23

 Anthracite ........................................ W W - W 46.74

 Bituminous ...................................... W W W - 36.18

Tennessee .......................................... 49.89 - - - 49.89

Utah ................................................... 25.17 - 21.02 - 21.45

Virginia.............................................. 42.47 63.89 W - 48.01

West Virginia Total........................... 46.54 W W - 41.99

 Northern........................................... 31.88 W 32.60 - 32.52

 Southern........................................... 47.85 - 53.00 - 49.06

Wyoming........................................... - ----

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 39.04 W 33.90 W 36.42

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

3

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 4

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods, or a 50/50 percent conventional/conventional split in mining method. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
58 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2005 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market 

Sales Price 

Alabama ...................................................... 50 22,156 53.63

 Bibb ........................................................... 1 W W

 Cullman ..................................................... 3 W W

 Franklin ..................................................... 1 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 3 W W

 Jefferson .................................................... 12 6,313 62.14

 Marion ....................................................... 3 W W

 Shelby........................................................ 1 W W

 Tuscaloosa................................................. 9 11,147 49.09

 Walker....................................................... 15 3,162 48.34

 Winston ..................................................... 2 W W

Alaska .......................................................... 1WW

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division......................... 1 W W

Arizona ........................................................ 2WW

 Navajo ....................................................... 2 W W

Colorado...................................................... 13 36,214 21.63

 Delta .......................................................... 2 W W

 Garfield...................................................... 1 W W

 Gunnison ................................................... 2 W W

 La Plata...................................................... 1 W W

 Moffat........................................................ 3 W W

 Montrose.................................................... 1 W W

 Rio Blanco................................................. 1--

 Routt .......................................................... 2 W W

Illinois .......................................................... 20 28,377 29.67

 Gallatin ...................................................... 2 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 2 W W

 Macoupin................................................... 3 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 3 W W

 Randolph ................................................... 1 W W

 Saline......................................................... 3 W W

 Sangamon .................................................. 1 W W

 Vermilion................................................... 2 W W

 Wabash ...................................................... 2 W W

 White ......................................................... 1 W W

Indiana......................................................... 29 30,320 25.31

 Clay ........................................................... 2 W W

 Crawford.................................................... 1 W W

 Daviess ...................................................... 2 W W

 Gibson ....................................................... 7 13,972 25.20

 Knox .......................................................... 6 W W

 Pike............................................................ 5 W W

 Spencer...................................................... 1 W W

 Sullivan...................................................... 1 W W

 Vigo........................................................... 2 W W

 Warrick...................................................... 2 W W

Kansas.......................................................... 1WW

 Bourbon..................................................... 1 W W

Kentucky ..................................................... 389 116,725 39.68

 Bell ............................................................ 12 1,000 48.40

 Breathitt..................................................... 6 1,445 40.83

 Carter......................................................... 1 W W

 Clay ........................................................... 2 W W

 Elliott......................................................... 1 W W

 Floyd.......................................................... 26 3,151 38.37

 Harlan ........................................................ 47 10,543 40.86

 Henderson.................................................. 3 W W

 Hopkins ..................................................... 8 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 2 W W

 Johnson...................................................... 3 W W

 Knott.......................................................... 34 9,497 41.89

 Knox .......................................................... 10 865 48.57

 Laurel......................................................... 3 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 11 2,584 39.60

 Leslie ......................................................... 12 5,197 42.30

 Letcher....................................................... 38 7,109 44.10

 Magoffin.................................................... 4 W W

 Martin ........................................................ 10 5,520 41.04

 Morgan ...................................................... 1 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 59

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2005 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market 

Sales Price 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Muhlenberg ............................................... 9 W W

 Ohio........................................................... 1 W W

 Owsley....................................................... 2 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 28 12,808 46.11

 Pike............................................................ 102 28,106 44.56

 Rockcastle ................................................. 1 W W

 Union......................................................... 3 W W

 Webster...................................................... 3 W W

 Whitley ...................................................... 6 W W

Louisiana ..................................................... 2WW

 De Soto...................................................... 1 W W

 Red River................................................... 1 W W

Maryland..................................................... 14 5,167 28.55

 Allegany .................................................... 8 W W

 Garrett........................................................ 6 W W

Mississippi ................................................... 1WW

 Choctaw..................................................... 1 W W

Missouri....................................................... 2WW

 Bates .......................................................... 2 W W

Montana ...................................................... 6 38,863 9.74

 Big Horn.................................................... 3 W W

 Musselshell................................................ 1 W W

 Richland..................................................... 1--

 Rosebud..................................................... 1 W W

New Mexico................................................. 4 26,268 25.82

 Mckinley.................................................... 2 W W

 San Juan..................................................... 2 W W

North Dakota .............................................. 4 25,631 10.45

 Mclean....................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer ....................................................... 2 W W

 Oliver......................................................... 1 W W

Ohio.............................................................. 45 22,783 26.88

 Athens........................................................ 1 W W

 Belmont ..................................................... 6 W W

 Carroll........................................................ 3 W W

 Columbiana ............................................... 3 W W

 Coshocton.................................................. 1 W W

 Harrison..................................................... 8 2,745 27.65

 Jackson ...................................................... 2 W W

 Jefferson .................................................... 7 974 28.11

 Mahoning................................................... 1 W W

 Monroe ...................................................... 1 W W

 Muskingum................................................ 1 W W

 Noble ......................................................... 1 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 2 W W

 Stark........................................................... 3 W W

 Tuscarawas ................................................ 3 W W

 Vinton........................................................ 2 W W

Oklahoma.................................................... 7 1,849 28.24

 Craig .......................................................... 1 W W

 Haskell....................................................... 1 W W

 Le Flore ..................................................... 4 W W

 Rogers........................................................ 1 W W

Pennsylvania ............................................... 183 64,798 36.39

 Allegheny .................................................. 1 W W

 Armstrong.................................................. 20 4,565 39.71

 Beaver........................................................ 1 W W

 Butler......................................................... 3 W W

 Cambria ..................................................... 5 1,132 61.78

 Cameron .................................................... 1 W W

 Centre ........................................................ 1 W W

 Clarion....................................................... 3 W W

 Clearfield................................................... 29 3,473 46.17

 Columbia ................................................... 3 W W

 Elk ............................................................. 5 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 7 W W

 Greene ....................................................... 8 39,896 34.64

 Indiana....................................................... 17 1,951 32.08

 Jefferson .................................................... 12 545 41.89

 Lackawanna............................................... 1 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
60 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2005 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market 

Sales Price 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Lawrence ................................................... 1 W W

 Luzerne...................................................... 4 W W

 Lycoming................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer ....................................................... 1 W W

 Northumberland ........................................ 5 W W

 Schuylkill................................................... 23 536 30.37

 Somerset .................................................... 22 4,078 35.67

 Washington................................................ 5 W W

 Westmoreland............................................ 4 W W

Tennessee..................................................... 22 3,146 42.50

 Anderson ................................................... 2 W W

 Campbell ................................................... 5 W W

 Claiborne ................................................... 12 2,277 39.49

 Cumberland ............................................... 1 W W

 Fentress...................................................... 1 W W

 Scott........................................................... 1 W W

Texas............................................................ 13 13,595 17.39

 Atascosa..................................................... 1--

 Bastrop....................................................... 1--

 Freestone ................................................... 1--

 Harrison..................................................... 1 W W

 Hopkins ..................................................... 1--

 Leon........................................................... 1 W W

 Milam ........................................................ 1--

 Panola ........................................................ 2--

 Robertson................................................... 1 W W

 Rusk........................................................... 1--

 Titus........................................................... 2--

Utah.............................................................. 13 12,022 21.45

 Carbon ....................................................... 6 W W

 Emery ........................................................ 6 W W

 Sevier......................................................... 1--

Virginia........................................................ 115 18,662 47.97

 Buchanan................................................... 32 4,841 55.94

 Dickenson.................................................. 16 821 52.40

 Lee ............................................................. 3 W W

 Russell ....................................................... 7 W W

 Tazewell .................................................... 8 W W

 Wise........................................................... 49 10,919 44.00

Washington ................................................. 1--

 Lewis ......................................................... 1--

West Virginia.............................................. 263 140,237 42.14

 Barbour...................................................... 7 W W

 Boone......................................................... 45 30,799 44.09

 Brooke ....................................................... 1 W W

 Clay ........................................................... 2 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 14 4,529 48.84

 Grant.......................................................... 4 W W

 Greenbrier.................................................. 2 W W

 Harrison..................................................... 7 W W

 Kanawha.................................................... 19 12,753 41.85

 Lincoln....................................................... 3--

 Logan......................................................... 21 11,288 40.18

 Marion ....................................................... 3 W W

 Marshall..................................................... 2 W W

 Mcdowell................................................... 40 4,369 60.35

 Mineral ...................................................... 2 W W

 Mingo ........................................................ 27 11,010 44.35

 Monongalia................................................ 6 W W

 Nicholas..................................................... 4 W W

 Preston....................................................... 2 W W

 Raleigh....................................................... 16 7,225 56.05

 Randolph ................................................... 1 W W

 Tucker........................................................ 1 W W

 Upshur....................................................... 6 670 31.37

 Wayne........................................................ 5 W W

 Webster...................................................... 5 W W

 Wyoming................................................... 18 6,052 62.45

Wyoming ..................................................... 17 368,043 7.71

 Campbell ................................................... 11 330,242 7.44

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 61

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2005 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market 

Sales Price 

Wyoming (continued) 

 Converse.................................................... 1 W W

 Lincoln....................................................... 1 W W

 Sweetwater ................................................ 4 3,744 15.37

U.S. Total..................................................... 1,217 995,799 23.59

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
62 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2005 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Alabama............................................. 53.63 - - - 53.63

Alaska................................................ - W - - W

Arizona .............................................. W --- W

Colorado ............................................ W W - - 21.63

Illinois................................................ 29.67 - - - 29.67

Indiana............................................... 25.31 - - - 25.31

Kansas ............................................... W --- W

Kentucky Total.................................. 39.68 - - - 39.68

 Eastern............................................. 43.33 - - - 43.33

 Western............................................ 27.19 - - - 27.19

Louisiana ........................................... - - W - W

Maryland ........................................... 28.55 - - - 28.55

Mississippi......................................... - - W - W

Missouri............................................. W --- W

Montana............................................. - 9.74 - - 9.74

New Mexico ...................................... W W - - 25.82

North Dakota ..................................... - - 10.45 - 10.45

Ohio................................................... 26.88 - - - 26.88

Oklahoma .......................................... 28.24 - - - 28.24

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 36.28 - - 41.00 36.39

 Anthracite ........................................ - - - 41.00 41.00

 Bituminous ...................................... 36.28 - - - 36.28

Tennessee .......................................... 42.50 - - - 42.50

Texas ................................................. - - 17.39 - 17.39

Utah ................................................... 21.45 - - - 21.45

Virginia.............................................. 47.97 - - - 47.97

West Virginia Total........................... 42.14 - - - 42.14

 Northern........................................... 33.16 - - - 33.16

 Southern........................................... 45.50 - - - 45.50

Wyoming........................................... - 7.71 - - 7.71

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 36.80 8.68 13.49 41.00 23.59

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 63

Table 32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2005 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Underground Surface Total 

Over 1,000.................................................... 33.53 13.03 19.00

500 to 1,000.................................................. 41.47 39.81 40.48

200 to 500..................................................... 44.61 40.42 42.56

100 to 200..................................................... 43.72 43.00 43.38

50 to 100....................................................... 46.21 40.91 43.86

10 to 50......................................................... 46.06 38.77 41.12

U.S. Total..................................................... 36.42 17.37 23.59

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
64 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2005 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market1

 Captive2

Alabama......................................................................................... 53.63 -

Alaska............................................................................................ W -

Arizona .......................................................................................... W -

Colorado ........................................................................................ 21.63 27.11

Illinois............................................................................................ 29.67 23.42

Indiana........................................................................................... 25.31 27.33

Kansas ........................................................................................... W -

Kentucky Total.............................................................................. 39.68 35.62

 Eastern......................................................................................... 43.33 35.76

 Western........................................................................................ 27.19 31.49

Louisiana ....................................................................................... W W

Maryland ....................................................................................... 28.55 47.02

Mississippi..................................................................................... W -

Missouri......................................................................................... W -

Montana......................................................................................... 9.74 8.10

New Mexico .................................................................................. 25.82 -

North Dakota ................................................................................. 10.45 7.99

Ohio............................................................................................... 26.88 20.97

Oklahoma ...................................................................................... 28.24 -

Pennsylvania Total ........................................................................ 36.39 39.37

 Anthracite .................................................................................... 41.00 107.55

 Bituminous .................................................................................. 36.28 35.70

Tennessee ...................................................................................... 42.50 -

Texas ............................................................................................. 17.39 13.24

Utah ............................................................................................... 21.45 18.49

Virginia.......................................................................................... 47.97 52.38

Washington.................................................................................... - W

West Virginia Total....................................................................... 42.14 48.53

 Northern....................................................................................... 33.16 47.55

 Southern....................................................................................... 45.50 48.98

Wyoming....................................................................................... 7.71 10.21

U.S. Total...................................................................................... 23.59 21.52

1

 Open market includes coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold, by the total open market 

coal sold. An average captive market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the captive market coal sold, by the total captive 

market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge 

operations. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 65

Average Consumer Prices 
66 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Table 34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2005, 2004 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

2005 2004 Annual Percent Change 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

New England............................... 65.39 85.57 - 52.14 65.54 - 25.4 30.6 -

 Connecticut................................ - W -- W - - - -

 Maine......................................... - W -- W - - 27.3 -

 Massachusetts............................ 71.71 W - 48.24 W - 48.7 29.0 -

 New Hampshire......................... 63.78 W - 53.17 W - 20.0 - -

 Rhode Island.............................. - W -- W - - - -

 Vermont..................................... - W -- W - - - -

Middle Atlantic........................... 51.97 W W 42.92 W W 21.1 15.6 28.5

 New Jersey ................................ 67.55 W - 59.88 W - 12.8 -0.6 -

 New York .................................. 54.94 54.85 W 41.19 48.90 W 33.4 12.2 23.9

 Pennsylvania.............................. 38.77 51.09 W 31.81 43.57 W 21.9 17.3 28.9

East North Central..................... 30.45 53.89 89.97 26.69 41.22 63.30 14.1 30.7 42.1

 Illinois........................................ 21.43 33.10 W 22.05 29.66 W -2.8 11.6 59.3

 Indiana....................................... 30.15 58.11 W 25.70 40.00 64.75 17.3 45.3 W

 Michigan.................................... 30.95 70.05 W 27.15 53.14 W 14.0 31.8 77.0

 Ohio........................................... 37.00 58.87 W 31.99 47.40 W 15.7 24.2 19.2

 Wisconsin .................................. 22.70 59.25 - 20.86 48.62 - 8.8 21.9 -

West North Central.................... 16.47 24.00 - 15.34 21.93 - 7.4 9.5 -

 Iowa........................................... 16.51 36.62 - 15.56 31.50 - 6.1 16.3 -

 Kansas ....................................... 19.22 41.22 - 17.74 38.19 - 8.3 7.9 -

 Minnesota .................................. 19.73 39.50 - 18.78 33.27 - 5.1 18.7 -

 Missouri..................................... 17.86 41.06 - 16.31 37.76 - 9.5 8.8 -

 Nebraska.................................... 12.16 25.44 - 11.30 24.39 - 7.6 4.3 -

 North Dakota............................. 10.99 W - 10.20 W - 7.7 1.8 -

 South Dakota............................. 24.82 W - 23.61 W - 5.1 6.3 -

South Atlantic ............................. 51.21 W W 43.29 W W 18.3 25.6 36.8

 Delaware.................................... - W -- W - - 14.3 -

 District of Columbia.................. - W -- W - - - -

 Florida ....................................... 55.76 76.57 - 46.16 57.26 - 20.8 33.7 -

 Georgia ...................................... 47.84 76.23 - 39.41 60.41 - 21.4 26.2 -

 Maryland ................................... - 56.10 - - 50.80 - - 10.4 -

 North Carolina........................... 58.91 65.25 - 49.26 53.14 - 19.6 22.8 -

 South Carolina........................... 54.45 75.72 - 48.00 57.37 - 13.4 32.0 -

 Virginia...................................... 56.99 61.96 W 48.07 51.38 W 18.6 20.6 49.8

 West Virginia ............................ 37.90 65.95 W 34.13 47.21 W 11.0 39.7 28.1

East South Central ..................... 36.91 W W 32.22 W 59.16 14.6 28.8 W

 Alabama..................................... 39.19 62.17 W 32.89 47.91 W 19.2 29.8 37.0

 Kentucky ................................... 36.01 65.42 W 32.22 51.47 W 11.8 27.1 25.6

 Mississippi................................. 50.03 W - 39.61 W - 26.3 38.4 -

 Tennessee .................................. 33.14 63.09 - 30.27 49.25 - 9.5 28.1 -

West South Central .................... 21.55 W - 20.72 W - 4.0 12.7 -

 Arkansas .................................... 25.56 61.67 - 21.49 45.81 - 18.9 34.6 -

 Louisiana ................................... 24.66 W - 21.41 W - 15.2 38.2 -

 Oklahoma .................................. 17.55 34.00 - 17.61 33.50 - -0.3 1.5 -

 Texas ......................................... 21.53 26.48 - 21.82 24.25 - -1.3 9.2 -

Mountain ..................................... 23.30 35.93 - 21.87 31.92 - 6.5 12.6 -

 Arizona ...................................... 28.16 48.24 - 26.19 41.78 - 7.5 15.5 -

 Colorado .................................... 20.89 W - 19.09 W - 9.4 45.5 -

 Idaho.......................................... - 37.07 - - 35.65 - - 4.0 -

 Montana..................................... 11.63 W - 10.67 W - 9.0 11.5 -

 Nevada....................................... 34.44 W - 30.28 W - 13.7 9.1 -

 New Mexico .............................. 27.68 W - 27.25 W - 1.6 3.4 -

 Utah ........................................... 24.71 42.22 - 24.94 33.32 - -0.9 26.7 -

 Wyoming................................... 16.71 25.89 - 15.28 25.23 - 9.4 2.6 -

Pacific .......................................... 21.33 50.62 - 19.91 42.94 - 7.1 17.9 -

 Alaska........................................ - W -- W - - - -

 California................................... - 50.22 - - 42.40 - - 18.4 -

 Hawaii ....................................... - W -- W - - 4.8 -

 Oregon....................................... 21.33 - - 19.91 W - 7.1 -100.0 -

 Washington................................ - W -- W - - 7.9 -

U.S. Total..................................... 31.22 47.63 83.79 27.30 39.30 61.50 14.4 21.2 36.2

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Includes manufacturing plants only. 

 Source: • Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants, Energy Information 

Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing Plants," and Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, 

Coke Plants." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 67

Glossary 

American Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a 

mining company to produce coal from American Indian 

lands in exchange for royalties and other revenues; 

obtained by direct negotiation with Indian tribal 

authorities, but subject to approval and administration by 

the U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for 

residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, 

brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard 

coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a 

low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content 

of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 

percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 

28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed 

in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short 

ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both 

inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 

1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for 

steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a 

heat content of 15 million Btu per short ton or less. 

Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Area (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat terrain to 

recover coal by mining long cuts or pits successively. 

The material excavated from the cut being mined is 

deposited in the cut previously mined. 

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a 

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour surface 

mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to 

excavate. 

Average Number of Employees: The arithmetic mean 

number of employees working each day at a mining 

operation. Includes maintenance, office, as well as 

production-related employees. 

Average Open Market Sales Price: The ratio of the 

total value of the open market sales of coal produced at 

the mine to the total open market sales tonnage. 

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio of 

the total production at a mining operation to the total 

direct labor hours worked at the operation. 

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be 

recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, 

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic area. 

Bed, Coalbed: All the coal and partings lying between a 

roof and floor. 

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, 

sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of 

bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also 

used for heat and power applications in manufacturing 

and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant 

coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content 

usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of 

bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton 

on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content 

of bituminous coal consumed in the United States 

averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed 

by dividing production by productive capacity and 

multiplying by 100. 

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the mine 

operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for example, 

steel companies and electric utilities). 

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of the 

United States established by the Bureau of the Census, 

U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical analysis. 

The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State 

boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is 

subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific 

Noncontiguous areas. 

Central Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing 

Regions. 

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight. 

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black 

rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, 

consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more 

than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It 

is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, 

hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by 

heat and pressure over geologic time. 

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed into 

solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke 

oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air. 

Coal (coke): See Coke (coal). 
68 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the total 

direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

Coal Preparation/Washing: The treatment of coal to 

reject waste. In its broadest sense, preparation is any 

processing of mined coal to prepare it for market, 

including crushing and screening or sieving the coal to 

reach a uniform size, which normally results in removal 

of some non-coal material. The term coal preparation 

most commonly refers to processing, including crushing 

and screening, passing the material through one or more 

processes to remove impurities, sizing the product, and 

loading for shipment. Many of the processes separate 

rock, clay, and other minerals from coal in a liquid 

medium; hence the term washing is widely used. In some 

cases coal passes through a drying step before loading. 

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification 

of areas where coal is produced. 

Appalachian Region. Consists of Alabama, Eastern 

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 

Virginia, and West Virginia. 

Northern Appalachian Region. Consists of Maryland, 

Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Northern West Virginia. 

Central Appalachian Region. Consists of Eastern 

Kentucky, Virginia, Southern West Virginia, and the 

Tennessee counties of: Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, 

Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, 

Putnam, Roane, and Scott. 

Southern Appalachian Region: Consists of Alabama, and 

the Tennessee counties of: Bledsoe, Coffee, Franklin, 

Grundy, Hamilton, Marion, Rhea, Sequatchie, Van 

Buren, Warren, and White. 

Interior Region (with Gulf Coast). Consists of Arkansas, 

Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, 

Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Western Kentucky. 

Illinois Basin: Consists of Illinois, Indiana, and Western 

Kentucky. 

Western Region. Consists of Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, 

Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, 

Washington, and Wyoming. 

Powder River Basin: Consists of the Montana counties 

of Big Horn, Custer, Powder River, Rosebud, and 

Treasure and the Wyoming counties of Campbell, 

Converse, Crook, Johnson, Natrona, Niobrara, Sheridan, 

and Weston. 

Uinta Basin: Consists of the Colorado counties of Delta, 

Garfield, Gunnison, Mesa, Moffat, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, 

Routt and the Utah counties of Carbon, Duchesne, 

Emery, Grand, Sanpete, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, and 

Wasatch. 

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined and/or 

purchased coal originates are defined as follows: 

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, 

Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, 

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, 

New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, 

Pennsylvania anthracite, Pennsylvania bituminous, 

Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West 

Virginia Northern, West Virginia Southern, and 

Wyoming. The following Coal-Producing States are split 

in origin of coal, as defined by: 

Kentucky, Eastern. All mines in the following counties 

in Eastern Kentucky: Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, 

Clinton, Elliot, Estill, Floyd, Greenup, Harlan, Jackson, 

Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, 

Letcher, Lewis, Magoffin, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, 

Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, 

Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Whitley, and Wolfe. 

 

Kentucky, Western. All mines in the following counties 

in Western Kentucky: Breckinridge, Butler, Caldwell, 

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, 

Hancock, Hart, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, 

Muhlenberg, Ohio, Todd, Union, Warren, and Webster. 

Pennsylvania Anthracite. All mines in the following 

counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, 

Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, 

Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in 

Bradford County. 

Pennsylvania Bituminous. All mines located in the 

following counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, 

Bedford, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Elk, 

Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, 

Lycoming, Somerset, Venango, Washington, and 

Westmoreland, and all bituminous mines in Bradford 

County. 

West Virginia, Northern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 1, 

3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, 

Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, 

Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, 

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, 

Tyler, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood. 

West Virginia, Southern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 7 

& 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, 

Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 69

Mingo, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, 

Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming. 

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their 

degree of progressive alteration from lignite to 

anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of 

coal include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous 

coal, and anthracite and are based on fixed carbon, 

volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or 

caking) properties. 

Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for 

future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are 

collected for a particular reporting period (month, 

quarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as 

of the last day of this period. 

 Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal 

seam. 

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces 

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy 

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, 

heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status as a 

qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility 

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must 

produce electric energy and "another form of useful 

thermal energy through the sequential use of energy," 

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency 

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal 

Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.) 

Coke (coal): A solid carbonaceous residue derived from 

low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the 

volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven 

at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so 

that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. 

Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in 

smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is 

grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 

million Btu per short ton. 

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot or 

beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke. 

Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke. 

See Coke (coal). 

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar mining 

in which a continuous mining machine extracts and 

removes coal from the working face in one operation; no 

blasting is required. 

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations that 

involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily when 

blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then 

loading the broken coal. 

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in which 

the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that 

includes the F.O.B. value of the product at the point of 

origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. This 

type of transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase in 

that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the 

loading port (as certified by the Bill of Loading and 

Quality Report) rather than pay on the basis of the 

quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It 

is similar to the terms of an F.O.B. sale, except that the 

seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges 

for transportation and insurance. 

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for the 

sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource 

categories of reliability which represents 100 percent of 

the coal in these categories in place as of a certain date. 

Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 

inches or more thick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 

inches or more thick that occur at depths to 1 thousand 

feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 inches or more thick that 

can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper 

beds that presently are being mined or for which there is 

evidence that they could be mined commercially at this 

time. Represents that portion of identified coal resources 

from which reserves are calculated. 

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by all 

mining employees at a mining operation during the year. 

Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in 

production, preparation, development, maintenance, 

repair, shop or yard work, management, office workers, 

and technical or engineering work. 

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from 

rivers or streams. 

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal 

or nearly horizontal entry driven along to a coalbed 

exposed in a hillside. 

Electric Power Sector: The electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers) 

comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power 

(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 

Estimated Recoverable Reserves: See recoverable 

reserves. 
70 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

F.O.B. Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of 

coal at the point of first sale. It excludes freight or 

shipping and insurance costs.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining 

company to produce coal from land owned and 

administered by the Federal Government in exchange for 

royalties and other revenues. 

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by manual 

labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance to the 

surface. 

Illinois Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Indicated Resources: Coal for which estimates of the 

rank, quality, and quantity have been computed partly 

from sample analyses and measurements and partly from 

reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are 

computed partly from specified measurements and partly 

from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance 

on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of 

observation are 0.5 to 1.5 miles apart. Indicated coal is 

projected to extend as a 0.5-mile-wide belt that lies more 

than 0.25 miles from the outcrop or points of observation 

or measurement. 

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector is comprised of 

manufacturing industries which make up the largest part 

of the sector, along with mining, construction, 

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the 

sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to 

companies assembling electronic components. 

Interior Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as 

brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a 

high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 

percent The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 

million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. 

The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States 

averages 13 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Longwall Mining: An automated form of underground 

coal mining characterized by high recovery and 

extraction rates, feasible only in relatively flat-lying, 

thick, and uniform coalbeds. A high-powered cutting 

machine is passed across the exposed face of coal, 

shearing away broken coal, which is continuously hauled 

away by a floor-level conveyor system. Longwall mining 

extracts all machine-minable coal between the floor and 

ceiling within a contiguous block of coal, known as a 

panel, leaving no support pillars within the panel area. 

Panel dimensions vary over time and with mining 

conditions but currently average about 900 feet wide 

(coal face width) and more than 8,000 feet long (the 

minable extent of the panel, measured in direction of 

mining). Longwall mining is done under movable roof 

supports that are advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in 

the mined-out area is allowed to fall as the mining 

advances. 

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial 

users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged 

in the mechanical or chemical transformation of 

materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or 

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for 

gasification/liquifaction and coal used for coal synfuels. 

Minable: Capable of being mined under current mining 

technology and environmental and legal restrictions, 

rules, and regulations. 

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground Mine. 

Northern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines 

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a 

particular geographic area (State or region). 

Number of Mining Operations: The number of mining 

operations includes preparation plants. Mining 

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, 

or a preparation plant only, will be counted as two 

operations if the preparation plant processes both 

underground and surface coal. 

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., 

coal sold to companies other than the reporting 

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of 

the parent company. 

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled 

through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate 

joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small 

group of businesses as a separate and specific business or 

project for the mutual benefit of the members of the 

group. 

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not including 

coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or chemical 

transformation of materials or substances into new 

products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in the 

agriculture, mining, or construction industries. 

Parent Company: A company which solely or jointly 

owns the reporting company and which is not itself a 

subsidiary of, or owned by, another company. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 71

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to 

productive capacity, times 100. 

Powder River Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Preparation Plant: A facility at which coal is crushed, 

screened, and mechanically cleaned. 

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal 

that a mining operation can produce or process during a 

period with the existing mining equipment and/or 

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and 

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment are 

available, and that the market exists for the maximum 

production. 

Recoverability: In reference to accessible coal 

resources, the condition of being physically, 

technologically, and economically minable. Recovery 

rates and recovery factors may be determined or 

estimated for coal resources without certain knowledge 

of their economic minability; therefore, the availability 

of recovery rates or factors does not predict 

recoverability. 

Recoverable Coal: Coal that is, or can be, extracted 

from a coal bed during mining. 

Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines: The 

amount of in situ coal that can be recovered by mining 

existing reserves at mines reporting on Form EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves, Estimated Recoverable 

Reserves: Reserve estimates (broad meaning) based on a 

demonstrated reserve base adjusted for assumed 

accessibility factors and recovery factors. The term is 

used by EIA to distinguish estimated recoverable 

reserves, which are derived without specific economic 

feasibility criteria by factoring (downward) from a 

demonstrated reserve base for one or more study areas or 

regions, from recoverable reserves at active mines, which 

are aggregated (upward) from reserve estimates reported 

by currently active, economically viable mines on Form 

EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the 

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the 

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base. 

Recovery Factor: The percentage of total tons of coal 

estimated to be recoverable from a given area in relation 

to the total tonnage estimated to be in the demonstrated 

reserve base. For the purpose of calculating depletion 

factors only, the estimated recovery factors for the 

demonstrated reserve base generally are 50 percent for 

underground mining methods and 80 percent for surface 

mining methods. More precise recovery factors can be 

computed by determining the total coal in place and the 

total coal recoverable in any specific locale. 

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that can 

be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines. 

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated 

by the coal cleaning process. 

Refuse Recovery: A surface mine where coal is 

recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be 

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, or dredge operation. 

Remaining (Resources/Reserves): The amount of coal 

in the ground after some mining, excluding coal in the 

ground spoiled or left in place for which later recovery is 

not feasible. 

Reserve(s): Root meaning: The amount of in-situ coal in 

a defined area that can be recovered by mining at a 

sustainable profit at the time of determination. Broad 

meaning: That portion of the demonstrated reserve base 

that is estimated to be recoverable at the time of 

determination. The reserve is derived by applying a 

recovery factor to that component of the identified 

resources of coal designated as the demonstrated reserve 

base. 

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units; 

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale 

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and 

educational institutions (schools and universities); and 

Federal, State, and local governments (military 

installations, prisons, office buildings). 

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated share 

of production from mineral deposits, by the lessee to the 

lessor. Royalties may be an established minimum, a 

sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale royalty rate 

increases by steps as the average production on the lease 

increases. A sliding-scale royalty rate is based on 

average production and applies to all production from the 

lease. 

Run-of-mine: The raw coal recovered from a mine, prior 

to any treatment. 

Salable Coal: The shippable product of a coal mine or 

preparation plant. Depending on customer specifications, 

salable coal may be run-of-mine, crushed-and-screened 

(sized) coal, or the clean coal yield from a preparation 

plant. 

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal and/or 

Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is approximately 

equivalent to production, which includes coal sold, and 

coal added to stockpiles. 
72 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by a tractor 

unit equipped with a hydraulically operated bucket 

attached to the front; also called a front-end loader. 

Seam: A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor. 

Equivalent term to bed, commonly used by industry. 

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the 

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the 

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of 

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to 

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation. 

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. 

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining that 

involves the use of a continuous mining machine and 

movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 

feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although 

similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally 

more flexible because of the smaller working area. 

Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because 

the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle cars as 

opposed to conveyors. 

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Synonymous with culm. 

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A 

mining operation producing coal from these sources of 

coal. (See refuse recovery.) 

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the entry is 

driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit. 

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a 

preparation plant. 

Southern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or 

utility at the end of the reporting period. 

Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range 

from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and 

used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power 

generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and 

crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet 

black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. 

Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent 

moisture by weight. The heat content of 

subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per 

ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat 

content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United 

States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the asreceived basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture 

and mineral matter). 

Surface Mine: A coal mine that is usually within a few 

hundred feet of the surface. Earth and rock above or 

around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the 

coalbed, which is then mined with surface excavation 

equipment such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, 

loaders, and augers. Surface mines include: area, 

contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine. 

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for 

transportation by rail or truck. 

Uinta Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced by 

tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then 

mined with underground mining equipment such as 

cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and 

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are 

classified according to the type of opening used to reach 

the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined tunnel), 

or shaft (vertical tunnel). 

Underground Mining: The extraction of coal or its 

products from between enclosing rock strata by 

underground mining methods, such as room and pillar, 

longwall, and shortwall, or through in-situ gasification. 

Western Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2005 73