DOE/EIA-0584(98)

Distribution Category

UC-98

Coal Industry Annual 1998

Energy Information Administration

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and

analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be

construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other

organization.
Contacts

This publication was prepared by Frederick L. Freme

under the direction of B.D. Hong, Leader, Coal Information Team, Coal and Renewables Division, Office

of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels. Specific information about the data in this report can be

obtained from Frederick L. Freme (202/426-1152), or

e-mail Frederick.Freme @EIA.DOE.GOV. All other

questions on coal statistics should be directed to the

National Energy Information Center (202/586-8800),

or e-mail INFOCTR@EIA.DOE.GOV.

ii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Preface

Coal Industry Annual 1998 provides comprehensive

information about U.S. coal production, number of

mines, prices, productivity, employment, productive

capacity, and recoverable reserves. U.S. coal production for 1998 is based on the U.S. Department of

Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration's

Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal

Production Report." Coal production for 1997 and

previous years is based on the annual survey EIA-7A,

"Coal Production Report."

This report also presents data on coal consumption,

coal distribution, coal stocks, coal prices, and coal

quality. Appendix A contains a compilation of coal

statistics for the major coal-producing States. This

report includes national total coal consumption for

nonutility power producers that are not in the manufacturing, agriculture, mining, construction, or commercial sectors.

The base year for the implicit price deflator, which is

used to convert nominal figures to real figures is

1992, the same as the previous year (Table D2).

This report constitutes the 23nd annual report on coal

production published by EIA and continues the series

formerly included in the Minerals Yearbook published

by the Bureau of Mines.

The data presented in the report were collected and

published by the Energy Information Administration

(EIA), to fulfill its data collection and dissemination

responsibilities, as specified in the Federal Energy

Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), as

amended. Data for the Demonstrated Reserve Base

(DRB) are now reported in U.S. Coal Reserves: A

Review and Update (DOE/EIA-0529). However, this

report presents data on the recoverable portion of the

DRB in Table 105.

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate

Fuels gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the

respondents in supplying the information presented in

this report and appreciates the valuable assistance of

State coal mining agencies; the U.S. Department of

the Interior: the Bureau of Land Management, the

Minerals Management Service; the U.S. Department

of Labor: the Mine Safety and Health Administration,

the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the U.S. Department of

Commerce: the Bureau of the Census; and the King

Publishing Corporation.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 iii 
Notice

The Energy Information Administration (EIA)

changed the survey form EIA-7A "Coal Production

Report," beginning with the collection of 1998 data.

Data on coal production and employment are no

longer collected on the Form EIA-7A; rather those

data are obtained through a data-sharing agreement

with the Mine Safety and Health Administration

(MSHA) of the U.S. Department of Labor, based on

the Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and

Coal Production Report." As a result of these changes,

certain data elements are no longer consistent with the

historical data series.

Some differences in the 1998 data are attributable to

modifications of definitions, while other differences

are a result of changes in the industry. It is important

to note these changes when comparing data over the

historical period.

The changes are specified in the following text.

The data on 1998 coal produciton at the county level

are no longer comparable with data published in previous issues of the Coal Industry Annual. Production

at the county level is now solely based on the county

in which the mine orginally opened, whether or not

any coal was produced in that county. (Adjustments

have been made only for mines that cross State

boundaries.) As a consequence, the number of mines

is also no longer comparable with the historical series,

since a mine that had previously crossed county lines,

was counted as two mines.

The data on 1998 productivity are not comparable

with the historic data series, since the MSHA definition of employment differs from that previously

used by EIA. EIA had defined employment to include

all managerial, technical, and engineering personnel,

whether or not they worked in the mine. MSHA

defines employment as the personnel working in the

mine. MSHA has a seperate category for the office

employees.

The definition of the producer's price of coal has

changed for 1998. Previously, EIA defined price data

as f.o.b. (free on board) mine price; producer's price is

now defined as f.o.b. (free on board) rail/barge.

iv Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Contents

Page

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Productive Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines ...................................................... 37

Producer/Distributor Stocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Employment and Productivity ............................................................................. 59

Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Domestic Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Foreign Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Coal Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Mine Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Consumer Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Import/Export Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Coal Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Appendices

A. Metric Tables ...................................................................................... 267

B. References ......................................................................................... 283

C. Explanatory Notes .................................................................................. 287

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 v 
Tables

Page

1. Coal Production by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ......................................................... 4

2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998 .................................................. 5

3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1998 ................................ 6

4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1998 ....................... 7

5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1998 ................................... 11

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1998 ....... 12

7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1998 .................................. 14

8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 1998 ............... 15

9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1998 ............................... 16

10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1998 ............................................. 17

11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998 ....................................... 18

12. Coal Disposition by State, 1998 .................................................................. 20

13. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal and Indian Leases by State, 1998 ....... 21

14. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1998 ..................................................................... 22

15. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1998 ................................................................. 23

16. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ...................................... 26

17. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ...................................... 27

18. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Type, 1998 28

19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method,

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1998 ........... 30

21. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1998 31

22. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and Capacity Utilization Range, 1998 ... 32

23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Recoverable Reserves Range,

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

25. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998 .......................... 40

26. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Coal Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ................... 41

27. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State and Mine

Type, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

28. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Underground Mines by State and Mining Method, 1998 ..... 43

29. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method,

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine

Production Range and Mine Type, 1998 ........................................................... 45

31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Coalbed

Thickness and Mine Type, 1998 .................................................................. 45

32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, Mine Type,

and Union Type, 1998 ........................................................................... 46

33. U.S. Demonstrated Reserve Base of Coal by Potential Mining Method and Ranked by State Total,

January 1, 1995 ................................................................................. 48

34. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1994-1998 ................................ 50

35. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1989, 1994-1998 ............................ 52

36. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1989, 1994-1998 ............................................... 53

37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1989, 1994-1998 ........ 54

38. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and Destination State, 1989,

1994-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

39. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of Origin and Destination State,

1996-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

40. Average Number of Miners by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ............................................. 64

41. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ....................... 65

42. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ............................ 66

43. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1998 ............................. 67

44. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1998 ........ 68

45. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 1998 ............. 69

vi Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998 ............................ 70

47. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1989, 1994-1998 ......................................................... 71

48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ............................................... 74

49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1989, 1994-1998 .................................. 75

50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ....................................... 76

51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1998 ........................................... 77

52. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1998 .......................... 79

53. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1998 ..................... 80

54. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1998 ................... 81

55. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998 .............................. 83

56. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1994-1998 ............................................ 87

57. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1994-1998 ...................... 88

58. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1998 ............................................................... 89

59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and State, and Destination Census

Division and State, 1994-1998 .................................................................... 90

60. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1994-1998 ...... 102

61. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination,

1994-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States and Destination, 1994-1998 109

63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination and Method of

Transporation, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer, Origin and Method of

Transporation, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998 .............. 171

66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1998 ............................................................... 185

67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ................................ 187

68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ................... 189

69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ......... 190

70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ..... 191

71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ........ 192

72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ..... 193

73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 .................... 194

74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ............... 194

75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census Division and State, 1989,

1994-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998 ............................................... 199

77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998 ................................. 200

78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998 ........................................ 201

79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1989, 1994-1998 .............................................. 202

80. Average Price of Coal by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ................................................. 206

81. Average Real Price of Coal by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ............................................ 207

82. Average Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1998 ............................................. 208

83. Average Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1998 ............................ 209

84. Coal Disposition, Number of Mines, and Average Price, by State and County, 1998 ................. 210

85. Average Price by State and Coal Rank, 1998 ..................................................... 214

86. Average Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1998 ....................... 215

87. Average Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1998 ........................... 215

88. Average Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1998 ..................................... 216

89. Average Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1998 ........................ 217

90. Average Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1998 .............................. 218

91. Average Price by State and Disposition, 1998 .................................................... 219

92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 222

93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1989,

1994-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1989,

1994-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1989,

1994-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ..... 226

97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 226

98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1989, 1994-1998 .......... 228

99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998 .............................. 229

100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998 ......................... 230

101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998 ................. 231

102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998 ............ 232

103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998 ........................ 233

104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998 ................... 234

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 vii 
105. Estimate of the Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and Mine Type ............... 236

106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 238

107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1994-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

108. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ........................................................ 248

109. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ........................................................ 249

110. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ....................................................... 250

111. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ......................................................... 251

112. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ......................................................... 252

113. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ....................................................... 253

114. Montana Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ........................................................ 254

115. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 .................................................... 255

116. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ................................................... 256

117. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ........................................................... 257

118. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ................................................... 258

119. Texas Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 .......................................................... 259

120. Utah Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ........................................................... 260

121. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ........................................................ 261

122. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ................................................... 262

123. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ....................................................... 263

124. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ................................................. 264

125. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998 ...................................................... 265

B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and Stocks, 1989, 1994-1998 ...... 267

B2. Coal Production by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ....................................................... 268

B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ..................................... 269

B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ......................... 270

B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1989, 1994-1998 ........................... 271

B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1989, 1994-1998 .............................................. 272

B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ................................ 273

B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ................... 274

B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destinaion, 1989, 1994-1998 ............................................... 275

B10. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1989, 1994-1998 ........................................... 276

B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 277

B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State, 1989,

1994-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998 ..... 279

B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1989, 1994-1998 .......... 280

B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998 .............................. 281

C1. Classification of Coals by Rank ................................................................. 284

C2. Approximate Heat Content of Coal .............................................................. 285

D1. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1998 ......................... 288

D2. Implicit Price Deflator, 1989-1998 ............................................................... 297

Illustrations

Page

1. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1989-1998 ....... 38

2. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Coal Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1989-1998 39

3. U.S. Coal Imports, 1989-1998 .................................................................... 51

4. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1989-1998 .......................... 62

5. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1989-1998 ............................ 63

6. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1989-1998 .............................................................. 72

7. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1989-1998 ............................................................. 72

8. Coal Distribution, 1989-1998 ..................................................................... 86

9. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1989-1998 .............................................................. 184

10. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1989-1998 .......................................................... 188

11. U.S. Coal Exports, 1989-1998 ................................................................... 198

12. Coal Prices, 1989-1998 ......................................................................... 204

13. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1989-1998 ........................................................... 221

C1. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States ......................................................... 283

viii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 ix

Executive Summary

Overview

Responding to increased coal demand in the electric

power industry, U.S. coal production rose to a record

high of 1,117.5 million short tons in 1998, a 2.5-percent

increase from the 1997 production level (Table ES1). The

electric power industry (utilities and independent power

producers)&the dominant coal consumer&used a record

937.8 million short tons, 1.7 percent higher than in 1997.

The increase in coal use for electricity generation was

attributable primarily to a decline in hydroelectric

generation. Growth in electricity demand was also a

contributing factor. Coal consumption in the nonelectricity sectors (residential/commercial and industrial

users) declined by 5.7 percent to 101.6 million short tons.

In 1998, U.S. coal imports rose substantially, by 16.5

percent to 8.7 million short tons, while coal exports

dropped by 5.5 million short tons to 78.0 million short

tons, continuing the downward trend of the previous

year. The decline in 1998 was mostly in metallurgical

coal exports, unlike the previous year when lower steam

coal exports were responsible for the overall decline in

coal exports.

The trend toward reduced levels of consumer coal

stocks (in terms of both absolute tonnage and days of

supply) was reversed in 1998, with year-end stocks

rising to 128.1 million short tons, an increase of 21.2

million short tons from the 1997 level. To some extent,

mild fall and winter weather over much of the country

moderated the amount of coal burned at electric utilities

and pushed up year-end coal stock levels. Even in

regions with cold weather, severe storms resulted in

some widespread power outages, curtailing coal use.

Year-end stocks at electric utilities rose by 21.7 million

short tons. Stocks held by producers and distributors

also rose to 36.5 million short tons in 1998.

Despite the increase in domestic coal demand in 1998,

the price of coal continued the downward trend that

started more than a decade ago. On a delivered basis,

the average utility coal price (per ton) dropped by 2.0

percent, the price of industrial coal declined marginally,

and the price of coal for coke plants fell by about 3.3

percent. The average price of U.S. coal exports,

measured in free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value, fell by 4.1

percent, while the price of U.S. coal imports fell by 6.2

percent in 1998.

Production

The U.S. coal industry produced 1,117.5 million short

tons in 1998, 27.6 million short tons more than the 1997

production level (Table ES2). The increase was confined

exclusively to the Western Region, where coal output

rose by 8.3 percent. As a result, the Western Region for

the first time surpassed Appalachia as the leading coalproducing region in the United States (Figure ES1). Coal

production in the Appalachian and Interior Regions

declined in 1998 (Figure ES2).

Demand for western low-sulfur coal, spurred by its low

cost and the sulfur emissions reduction requirements of

the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), resumed

its rapid growth in 1998 after weak performances in 1996

and 1997. Demand for western coal was also buttressed

by a large drop in hydroelectric generation in 1998 in

regions west of the Mississippi. By contrast, mild

weather and the return to operation of significant

amounts of nuclear-powered capacity stifled growth in

coal demand for both the Appalachian and Interior

Regions.

Appalachian Region

Coal production in the Appalachian Region fell by 1.6

percent from its 1997 level to 460.4 million short tons in

1998. Although utility coal consumption in many of the

Appalachian coal markets, such as the South Atlantic,

Middle Atlantic, and East North Central Census Divisions (Figure ES3), increased in 1998, offsetting reduction in metallurgical coal exports and coal consumption

at coke plants (traditional markets for Appalachian coal)

led to a decline in overall Appalachian coal production.

Pennsylvania was the only State in the region with an

increase in coal production in 1998. Pennsylvania coal

production reached 81.0 million short tons, a level not

seen since 1981. Pennsylvania's producers supplied a

large portion of the increased coal needs of Ontario
x Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

Item 1995 1996 1997 1998

Production by Region

 Appalachian ...................................... 434.9 451.9 467.8 460.4 

 Interior ...................................... 168.5 172.8 170.9 168.4 

 Western ..................................... 429.6 439.1 451.3 488.8 

 Total ...................................... 1,033.0 1,063.9 1,089.9 1,117.5 

Consumption by Sector

 Electricity .................................... 849.8 896.9 922.0 937.8

 Utilities .................................... 829.0 874.7 900.4 910.9 

 Independent Power Producers .................. 20.8 22.2 21.6 a

26.9 

 Coke Plants .................................. 33.0 31.7 30.2 28.2 

 Other Industrial Plants .......................... 73.1 70.9 70.6 68.1 

 Residential/Commercial Users .................... 5.8 6.0 6.5 4.9 

 Total ...................................... 961.7 1,005.6 1,029.2 1,039.0 

Year-End Coal Stocks

 Electric Utilities ................................ 126.3 114.6 98.8 120.5 

 Coke Plants .................................. 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.0 

 Other Industrial Plants .......................... 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 

 Producers/Distributors .......................... 34.4 28.6 34.0 36.5 

 Total ...................................... 169.1 151.6 140.4 164.5 

U.S. Coal Trade

 Exports ...................................... 88.5 90.5 83.5 78.0 

 Steam Coal ................................. 36.5 37.5 31.4 31.0 

 Metallurgical Coal ............................ 52.1 53.0 52.2 47.1 

 Imports ...................................... 7.2 7.1 7.5 8.7 

 Net Exports ................................. 81.3 83.3 76.1 69.3 

Average Delivered Price

 Electric Utilities ................................ 27.01 26.45 26.16 25.64 

 Coke Plants .................................. 47.34 47.33 47.61 46.06 

 Other Industrial Plants .......................... 32.42 32.32 32.41 32.30 

Average Free Alongside Ship (f.a.s.) Price

 Exports ...................................... 40.27 40.76 40.55 38.89 

 Steam Coal ................................. 34.51 34.09 32.42 30.24 

 Metallurgical Coal ............................ 44.30 45.49 45.45 44.58 

 Imports ...................................... 34.13 33.45 34.32 32.18 

 a

Includes an estimated 5.5 million short tons consumed by 10 coal-fired power plants sold to nonutilities during the year.

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sum of net exports, stock changes, and

consumption may not equal production, primarily because the supply and disposition data are obtained from different surveys. 

 Sources: Production, consumption, stocks, and prices: Energy Information Administration, Quarterly Coal Report, OctoberDecember 1998, DOE/EIA-0121(98/4Q) (Washington, DC, July 1999); Coal Industry Annual 1997, DOE/EIA-0584(97) (Washington,

DC, December 1998); Electric Power Monthly, March 1999, DOE/EIA-0226(99/03) (Washington, DC, March 1999); and Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission Form 423, “Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utilities.” Exports and imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Monthly Report EM 545" and “Monthly Report IM 145.”

Table ES1. U.S. Coal Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 1995-1998

(Million Short Tons and Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Hydro in 1998. With declines in metallurgical coal

exports and coal consumption at coke plants, West

Virginia&the largest coal-producing State in the

region&showed a coal production decrease of 2.6 million

short tons (1.5 percent) in 1998, and coal production in

Eastern Kentucky fell by 4.3 million short tons (3.5

percent), offsetting the gains of the previous year.

Interior Region

Overall coal production in the Interior Region decreased

by 2.5 million short tons in 1998 to a total of 168.4

million short tons, about the same as the 1995 level.

Production in the Illinois Basin (Illinois, Indiana, and

Western Kentucky) accounted for more than half the
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 xi

Coal-Producing Region

and State 1995 1996 1997 1998

Appalachian Total ..................... 434.9 451.9 467.8 460.4 

 Alabama ............................ 24.6 24.6 24.5 23.0 

 Kentucky, Eastern ..................... 118.5 117.0 120.9 116.7 

 Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.0 

 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 28.6 29.2 28.0 

 Pennsylvania Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 67.9 76.2 81.0 

 Anthracite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.2 

 Bituminous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 63.2 71.5 75.8 

 Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.7 3.3 2.7 

 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 35.6 35.8 33.7 

 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.0 170.4 173.7 171.2 

 Northern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 45.9 42.8 44.7 

 Southern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.9 124.5 130.9 126.5 

Interior Total ......................... 168.5 172.8 170.9 168.4 

 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * *

 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 46.7 41.2 39.7 

 Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0 29.7 35.5 36.8 

 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 

 Kentucky, Western . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 35.5 34.9 33.6 

 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.2 

 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 

 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.7 

 Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.7 55.2 53.3 52.6 

Western Total ......................... 429.6 439.1 451.3 488.8 

 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 

 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 10.4 11.7 11.3 

 Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 24.9 27.4 29.6

 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 37.9 41.0 42.8 

 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 24.1 27.0 28.6 

 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.1 29.9 29.6 29.9 

 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 27.5 26.7 26.1 

 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.6 

 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.8 278.4 281.9 314.4 

U.S. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,033.0 1,063.9 1,089.9 1,117.5 

 * = Less than 50,000 short tons.

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Coal Industry Annual 1997, DOE/EIA-0584(97) (Washington, DC, December 1998);

and Quarterly Coal Report, October-December 1998, DOE/EIA-0121(98/4Q)(Washington, DC, July 1999).

Table ES2. U.S. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region and State, 1995-1998

(Million Short Tons)

loss, falling from 111.6 million short tons in 1997 to 110.2

million short tons in 1998. Indiana's coal production rose

by 1.3 million short tons, while Western Kentucky's coal

output declined by 1.3 million short tons. Production in

Illinois continued its decline of the past several years,

down by 1.4 million short tons to 39.7 million short tons

in 1998.

Competition from low-cost gas-fired electricity generation had an adverse effect on lignite production in Texas,

which was 0.7 million short tons lower than in 1997.

Taking advantage of the low natural gas prices in 1998,

electric utilities in Texas increased gas-fired generation

by 17.7 percent while reducing overall coal-based generation by 2.3 percent.
xii Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

1989199019911992199319941995199619971998

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Million Short Tons

U.S. Total

Appalachian

Western

Interior

Figure ES2. Coal Production by Region, 1989-1998 Western Region

In 1998, the Western Region overtook Appalachia as the

largest coal-producing region in the United States with

488.8 million short tons produced, up by 8.3 percent

over 1997. Growth in coal production in the Western

Region was dominated by the low-sulfur Powder River

Basin coal fields. Utilities in the midwestern States continued switching to the low-sulfur coals from the Powder River Basin in preparation for the more stringent

Phase 2 emission reduction requirements of the CAAA,

which go into effect in 2000. Large declines in hydroelectric generation in the Pacific Contiguous and

Mountain Census Divisions also raised utility coal

consumption in the West. In addition, the coal transportation problems experienced in 1997 by the Union

Pacific Railroad were remedied for the most part in

1998, satisfying pent-up utility coal demand. These

factors helped boost coal output to record levels in four

coal-producing States in the region.

Coal production in Wyoming, by far the largest coalproducing State in the country, rose by 32.5 million short

tons (11.5 percent) in 1998. The increase brought

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Figure ES1. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region, 1998

(Million Short Tons) 

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Quarterly Coal

Report, October-December 1998, DOE/EIA-0121(98/4Q)

(Washington, DC, July 1999); Coal Production, DOE/EIA-0118,

various issues; and Coal Industry Annual 1997, DOE/EIA0584(97) (Washington, DC, December 1998).

 Source: Energy Information Administration.
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 xiii

South Atlantic

163.6 (1.0%)

Middle Atlantic

64.0 (0.2%)

West 

North Central

130.5 (5.2%) East 

North Central

206.6 (1.0%)

New England

7.7 (-13.8%)

East

South Central

98.8 (-0.9%)

Mountain

112.8 (6.3%)

West South Central

142.8 (-1.7%)

Pacific 

Contiguous

9.4 (45.8%)

Pacific 

Noncontiguous

1.6 (55.8%)

U.S. Total = 937.8 (1.7 %)

Figure ES3. Electric Power Industry Consumption of Coal by Census Division, 1998

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 1997)

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, March 1999, DOE/EIA-0226(99/03) (Washington, DC,

March 1999); Form EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power Producers Report,” and 1998 estimates for 10 coal-fired power plants

sold to nonutility power producers during the year.

Wyoming's production to 314.4 million short tons, 28

percent of the U.S. total and only slightly less than the

combined total of the next two largest coal-producing

States of West Virginia and Kentucky. Increased shipments to electric utilities in midwestern and eastern

States helped push Wyoming’s production to a record

level.

With strong utility demand in the Mountain Census

Division, coal production rose to record highs in 1998 in

Colorado (29.6 million short tons, up by 7.9 percent from

1997), Montana (42.8 million short tons, up by 4.5

percent), and New Mexico (28.6 million short tons, up by

5.8 percent).

Not all States shared in the Western Region's production

growth, however. Utah registered a decrease of 0.6

million short tons in 1998, hampered in part by export

demand in Asia. Arizona’s coal output declined by 0.4

million short tons in 1998, and Alaska’s output dropped

by 0.1 million short tons.

Consumption

Electricity Generation Sector

National Overview

U.S. coal consumption by all users totaled 1,039.0 million

short tons in 1998, a 0.9-percent increase over 1997

(Table ES1). This growth came entirely from the electric

power industry (Figure ES3), as coal consumption in the

non-electricity sectors decreased by 4.6 percent. Electric

utilities burned 910.9 million short tons and independent

power producers 26.9 million short tons, for a total

of 937.8 million short tons burned for electricity generation (Figure ES4).

Much of the 15.9-million-short-ton increase in coal use

for electricity generation can be attributed to replacement power for reduced hydroelectric generation.

Nationwide, hydroelectric generation declined by 32

billion kilowatthours, equivalent to about 17 million

short tons of coal. Almost 70 percent of the decline in
xiv Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

19891990199119921993199419951996

19971998

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Million Short Tons

U.S. Total

Electricity Generation

Residential/Commercial

and

Other Industrial Coke Plants

Figure ES4. Coal Consumption by Sector, 1989-1998

Nuclear Hydro Gas Petroleum

and Other

Coal

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Percent

1997 1998

Figure ES5. Share of Electric Utility Net

Generation by Energy Source,

1997 vs. 1998

hydroelectric generation occurred in the Pacific Contiguous Census Division. The Mountain and West North

Central Census Divisions also showed significant

declines in hydroelectric generation.

In 1998, retail sales of electricity by U.S. electric utilities

increased by 3.4 percent, just under the 3.6-percent

growth in the gross domestic product. However, coal

use for electricity generation benefitted little from the

significant growth in electricity demand because of

strong competition from other fuels.

Increases in generation from nuclear power, natural gas,

and oil limited growth in utility coal consumption.

Nuclear-powered generation rebounded from a poor

year in 1997, rising by 7.2 percent. Nine nuclear plants

that had been idle during part or all of the previous year

came back online. Also, capacity utilization generally

rose, resulting in increases in nuclear generation in every

Census Division. Gas-fired generation posted strong

gains in 1998, growing by 15.9 percent. Also, with oil

prices remaining at near record lows, oil-fired generation rose for a third consecutive year, increasing by

42.9 percent in 1998. Overall, coal continued to be the

principal energy source for electric power generation in

the United States, but its share of utility generation

(including the 10 coal-fired plants sold to nonutility

power producers during 1998) declined slightly to 56.0

percent in 1998 from 57.3 percent in 1997 (Figure ES5).

Utility coal prices continued their steady downward

trend in 1998 (Figure ES6). Ongoing productivity gains

in coal mining and transportation maintained the downward trend. Increased shipments of relatively low-cost

western coal and the expiration of high-cost, long-term

coal contracts also contributed to the downward trend.

The average delivered price of coal to electric utilities

declined by 2.0 percent, from $26.16 per short ton in

1997 to $25.64 per short ton in 1998.

Non-Electricity Sectors

Coal consumption in the non-electricity sectors (coke

plants, other industrial plants, and residential/commercial users) totaled 101.1 million short tons in 1998,

down by 5.7 percent from the 1997 level.

Metallurgical coal consumption (carbonization) at coke

plants in the United Stated declined by 6.7 percent to

28.2 million short tons (Table ES1), and coke production

declined by 8.8 percent to 21.3 million short tons. Pig

iron production in the United States fell by 3.0 percent in

1998. The average price of metallurgical coal delivered

to coke plants was down by 3.3 percent, from $47.61 per

short ton in 1997 to $46.06 per short ton in 1998. Notable

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Quarterly Coal

Report, October-December 1998, DOE/EIA-0121(98/4Q)

(Washington, DC, July 1999); Coal Industry Annual 1997,

DOE/EIA-0584(97) (Washington, DC, December 1998); and

Electric Power Monthly, March 1999, DOE/EIA-0226(99/03)

(Washington, DC, March 1999).

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Electric Power

Monthly, March 1999, DOE/EIA-0226(99/03) (Washington, DC,

March 1999); Form EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power Producers

Report,” and 1998 estimates for 50 power plants sold to nonutility

power producers during the year.
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 xv

1989199019911992199319941995199619971998

20

30

40

50

Dollars per Short Ton

Coke Plants

Exports

Other Industrial Imports

Electric Utilities

0

Figure ES6. Delivered Coal Prices, 1989-1998

(Nominal Dollars)

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Quarterly Coal

Report, October-December 1998, DOE/EIA-0121(98/4Q)

(Washington, DC, May 1999); Coal Industry Annual 1997,

DOE/EIA-0584(97) (Washington, DC, December 1998); Electric

Power Monthly, March 1999, DOE/EIA-0226(99/03) (Washington,

DC, March 1999); and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of

the Census, “Monthly Report EM 545" and “Monthly Report IM

145.”

1989199019911992199319941995199619971998

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Million Short Tons

Total Exports

Metallurgical Coal Exports

Steam Coal

Exports

Total Imports

Figure ES7. U.S. Coal Exports and Imports,

1989-1998

here is that while two coke plants closed in 1998, one

new coke plant (Indiana Harbor) opened during the

year, the first new coke plant in the United States in 16

years.

Coal consumption by other industrial plants and residential/commercial users declined by 4.1 million short

tons, to a level of 73.0 million short tons in 1998. The

average delivered price of coal to industrial consumers

was $32.30 per short ton, slightly below the 1997 price of

$32.41 per short ton.

Exports and Imports

Exports

The sharp decline in U.S. coal exports in 1997 continued

in 1998, as exports fell by 6.6 percent to 78.0 million

short tons. Unlike 1997, however, the 1998 decline was

mostly in metallurgical coal, which fell by 9.7 percent to

a total of 47.1 million short tons (Figure ES7). There were

declines in metallurgical coal exports to all major export

regions except Africa. U.S. steam coal exports similarly

declined in every major market except North America

(Canada and Mexico). Weak international coal prices, a

strong dollar, and increased competition from other

exporting countries were the major factors contributing

to these declines. The average price for U.S. steam coal

exports fell by 6.7 percent in 1998 to $30.24 per short ton.

The average for metallurgical coal exports declined

slightly to $44.58 per short ton.

Exports to Europe, the primary market for U.S. steam

coal, fell by 38.0 percent to 7.8 million short tons in 1998,

reflecting reductions in exports to all but three countries.

The pattern of exports changed dramatically. The four

largest U.S. steam coal importers of 1997 in Europe&

Italy, Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom&cut

imports in 1998 by 4.4 million short tons, a 49-percent

decline. On the other hand, Ireland and Germany, both

relatively minor importers of U.S. steam coal in 1997,

rose to second and third largest, respectively, in 1998.

Competition in the European steam coal markets came

from Colombia, Venezuela, and South Africa, as well as

interfuel competition from natural gas.

Steam coal exports to Asia declined by 15.3 percent to

5.5 million short tons in 1998. Japan’s imports rose

slightly, but that gain was overshadowed by the decline

in exports to Korea and Taiwan. In addition to weak

prices and strong competition from Australia and

Indonesia, U.S. exports to Asia were also hurt by the

weakened Asian economies.

The African market remained tiny, importing less than

100,000 short tons of U.S. steam coal in 1998, almost all

to Morocco. Likewise, the South American market for

U.S. steam coal dried up in 1998, with every country

reducing imports by at least half from their 1997 levels.

 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,

“Monthly Report EM 545” and “Monthly Report IM 145.”
xvi Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Quarterly Coal

Report, October-December 1998, DOE/EIA-0121(98/4Q)

(Washington, DC, July 1999); Coal Industry Annual 1997,

DOE/EIA-0584(97) (Washington, DC, December 1998); and

Electric Power Monthly, March 1999, DOE/EIA-0226(99/03)

(Washington, DC, March 1999).

1989199019911992199319941995199619971998

0

50

100

150

200

250

Million Short Tons

Total

Electric Utilities

Producer/Distributor

Coke Plants Other Industrial

Figure ES8. Year-End Coal Stocks, 1989-1998

On the positive side, U.S. steam coal exports to Canada

rose by 56.0 percent, or 5.6 million short tons, in 1998.

Shipments to Canada continued to be bolstered by

increased purchases by Ontario Hydro, which shut

down several nuclear power plants in 1997 for upgrades,

substituting increased coal-fired generation for the lost

nuclear generation.

U.S. metallurgical coal exports fell by 9.7 percent in 1998

to 47.1 million short tons, victim of a worldwide recession in the iron and steel industry. Pig iron production

fell by 1.3 percent worldwide in 1998. Imports of U.S.

coking coal declined in every region except Africa. In

Europe, by far the largest market for U.S. metallurgical

coal, imports fell by 2.8 million short tons. Only Spain

increased its imports noticeably, while Romania reduced

its imports of U.S. metallurgical coal by 1.1 million short

tons, the most among the European countries.

The rest of the world followed a similar pattern&weak

increases in a few countries, substantial declines in most.

Metallurgical coal exports fell in all Asian countries for

a total decline of 1.2 million short tons. Exports to South

America, mostly Brazil, fell by 0.8 million short tons. In

North America, metallurgical coal exports to Mexico

virtually disappeared, driving the region to an overall

small decline. Breaking the pattern of declines, exports

to Africa rose slightly in 1998, as metallurgical coal

exports to South Africa increased by 32 percent (0.3

million short tons).

Overall, Brazil remained the largest importer of U.S.

metallurgical coal with 6.5 million short tons in 1998,

followed by Canada with 4.9 million short tons.

Imports 

U.S. coal imports totaled 8.7 million short tons in 1998,

a 16.5-percent increase over 1997. Imports represented

less than l percent of total U.S. consumption and were

equivalent to about 10 percent of total U.S. exports. The

increase was attributable to weak prices for offshore coal

and preparations by utilities to meet the stricter sulfur

emissions requirements of CAAA Phase 2, which go into

effect on January 1, 2000. U.S. imports of steam coal are

invariably low-sulfur coal. The average price of all

imported coal to the United States fell sharply to $32.18

per short ton in 1998, a 6.2-percent decline from the 1997

price of $34.32 per short ton (Figure ES6).

Colombia remained the largest supplier of U.S. imports,

with 3.5 million short tons, followed by Venezuela (2.5

million short tons), Indonesia (1.4 million short tons),

and Canada (1.2 million short tons). U.S. imports were

primarily steam coal for electricity generation, but coal

from Canada was largely metallurgical coal used by

coke plants in Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. The

largest importers of steam coal were Jacksonville Electric

Authority, New England Power Company, Gulf Power,

Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corporation, and

Tampa Electric Company. Together, they received more

than 70 percent of all U.S. steam coal imports.

Coal Stocks

At the end of 1998, coal stocks in the United States

totaled 164.5 million short tons, an increase of 24.2

million short tons from their prior-year level. Consumers, primarily electric utilities, held a total of 128.1

million short tons in coal stocks, up by 21.2 million short

tons, and coal producers and distributors held 36.5

million short tons, an increase of 2.6 million short tons

from the 1997 year-end level (Figure ES8).

Year-end utility coal stocks rose to 120.5 million short

tons, an increase of 21.7 million short tons from the 1997

level. Utility coal stocks rose in every region except the

New England Census Division and in nearly every State

outside the New England and Mountain Census

Divisions. Two factors were primarily responsible for

the buildup. Areas hard hit by the severe delivery

problems experienced by Union Pacific Railroad in 1997,

especially the West South Central Census Division,

began replenishing their stockpiles in 1998, and mild
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 xvii

weather in most of the country in the late fall and winter

months of 1998 substantially reduced coal consumption

by utilities. In addition, ice storms caused widespread

power outages for significant periods of time in several

States (Maine, Virginia, and Maryland), reducing the

coal burn in those areas despite cold weather.

Year-end coal stocks at other industrial plants declined

slightly from 1997 levels, to 5.5 million short tons. Coke

plant coal stocks also remained virtually unchanged at

2.0 million short tons.
Supply

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 1 
Production

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 3 
Table 1. Coal Production by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 23,013 24,468 24,637 24,640 23,266 27,992 −5.9 −0.3 −2.1

Alaska .................................................. 1,344 1,450 1,481 1,698 1,567 1,582 −7.3 −3.8 −1.8

Arizona ................................................ 11,315 11,723 10,442 11,947 13,056 11,935 −3.5 −3.5 −.6

Arkansas .............................................. 24 18 21 29 51 70 32.3 −16.8 −11.0

California ............................................. − − − − − 41 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 29,631 27,449 24,886 25,710 25,304 17,123 7.9 4.0 6.3

Illinois .................................................. 39,732 41,159 46,656 48,180 52,797 59,267 −3.5 −6.9 −4.3

Indiana ................................................. 36,803 35,497 29,670 26,007 30,927 33,641 3.7 4.4 1.0

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − 46 430 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 341 360 232 285 284 856 −5.3 4.6 −9.7

Kentucky Total .................................... 150,295 155,853 152,425 153,739 161,642 167,389 −3.6 −1.8 −1.2

Eastern .............................................. 116,654 120,918 116,951 118,541 124,447 125,739 −3.5 −1.6 −.8

Western ............................................. 33,641 34,936 35,474 35,198 37,195 41,649 −3.7 −2.5 −2.3

Louisiana.............................................. 3,216 3,545 3,221 3,719 3,463 2,983 −9.3 −1.8 .8

Maryland.............................................. 4,060 4,160 4,093 3,667 3,632 3,376 −2.4 2.8 2.1

Missouri ............................................... 372 401 710 548 838 3,378 −7.2 −18.4 −21.7

Montana ............................................... 42,840 41,005 37,891 39,451 41,640 37,742 4.5 .7 1.4

New Mexico ........................................ 28,597 27,025 24,067 26,813 28,041 23,702 5.8 .5 2.1

North Dakota ....................................... 29,912 29,580 29,861 30,112 32,286 29,566 1.1 −1.9 .1

Ohio ..................................................... 28,048 29,154 28,572 26,118 29,897 33,689 −3.8 −1.6 −2.0

Oklahoma............................................. 1,661 1,621 1,701 1,876 1,911 1,753 2.5 −3.4 −.6

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 81,036 76,198 67,942 61,576 62,237 70,596 6.3 6.8 1.5

Anthracite.......................................... 5,231 4,678 4,751 4,682 4,621 3,348 11.8 3.1 5.1

Bituminous........................................ 75,805 71,520 63,190 56,893 57,616 67,248 6.0 7.1 1.3

Tennessee............................................. 2,696 3,300 3,651 3,221 2,987 6,480 −18.3 −2.5 −9.3

Texas.................................................... 52,583 53,328 55,164 52,684 52,346 53,854 −1.4 .1 −.3

Utah...................................................... 26,075 26,683 27,507 25,167 24,399 20,102 −2.3 1.7 2.9

Virginia ................................................ 33,747 35,837 35,590 34,099 37,129 43,006 −5.8 −2.3 −2.6

Washington .......................................... 4,638 4,495 4,565 4,868 4,893 5,039 3.2 −1.3 −.9

West Virginia Total............................. 171,145 173,743 170,433 162,997 161,776 153,580 −1.5 1.4 1.2

Northern ............................................ 44,618 42,802 45,910 46,114 49,316 56,018 4.2 −2.5 −2.5

Southern ............................................ 126,527 130,941 124,523 116,883 112,460 97,562 −3.4 3.0 2.9

Wyoming ............................................. 314,409 281,881 278,440 263,822 237,092 171,558 11.5 7.3 7.0

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 460,400 467,778 451,868 434,861 445,370 464,457 −1.6 .8 −.1

Interior Total1 ................................... 168,374 170,863 172,848 168,526 179,858 197,880 −1.4 −1.6 −1.8

Western Total1 .................................. 488,762 451,291 439,140 429,587 408,276 318,391 8.3 4.6 4.9

East of Miss. River............................ 570,576 579,369 563,668 544,246 566,289 599,015 −1.5 .2 −.5

West of Miss. River........................... 546,960 510,563 500,188 488,728 467,216 381,714 7.1 4.0 4.1

U.S. Total............................................ 1,117,535 1,089,932 1,063,856 1,032,974 1,033,504 980,729 2.5 2.0 1.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

4 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 2. Number of Coal Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 53 51 53 73 85 105 3.9 −11.1 −7.3

Alaska .................................................. 1 1 1 1 1 1 −− −

Arizona ................................................ 2 2 2 2 2 2 −− −

Arkansas .............................................. 3 3 5 3 6 7 − −15.9 −9.0

California ............................................. − − − − − 1 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 12 14 15 17 18 23 −14.3 −9.6 −7.0

Illinois .................................................. 24 28 31 31 34 48 −14.3 −8.3 −7.4

Indiana ................................................. 41 39 37 42 55 60 5.1 −7.1 −4.1

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − 1 5 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 2 3 1 1 1 5 −33.3 18.9 −9.7

Kentucky Total .................................... 482 529 544 598 673 1,099 −8.9 −8.0 −8.8

Eastern .............................................. 445 482 484 540 607 1,002 −7.7 −7.5 −8.6

Western ............................................. 37 47 60 58 66 97 −21.3 −13.5 −10.1

Louisiana.............................................. 2 2 2 2 2 2 −− −

Maryland.............................................. 16 18 18 20 20 31 −11.1 −5.4 −7.1

Missouri ............................................... 4 4 5 6 6 9 − −9.6 −8.6

Montana ............................................... 6 8 8 8 8 9 −25.0 −6.9 −4.4

New Mexico ........................................ 7 6 6 7 7 8 16.7 − −1.5

North Dakota ....................................... 4 6 5 6 6 13 −33.3 −9.6 −12.3

Ohio ..................................................... 83 81 99 113 134 184 2.5 −11.3 −8.5

Oklahoma............................................. 8 11 12 13 14 21 −27.3 −13.0 −10.2

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 375 403 402 459 505 681 −6.9 −7.2 −6.4

Anthracite.......................................... 123 131 127 134 143 191 −6.1 −3.7 −4.8

Bituminous........................................ 252 272 275 325 362 490 −7.3 −8.6 −7.1

Tennessee............................................. 27 27 26 25 24 98 − 3.0 −13.3

Texas.................................................... 14 12 13 14 13 15 16.7 1.9 −.8

Utah...................................................... 15 12 11 13 14 21 25.0 1.7 −3.7

Virginia ................................................ 173 191 191 194 231 365 −9.4 −7.0 −8.0

Washington .......................................... 2 3 3 3 3 4 −33.3 −9.6 −7.4

West Virginia Total............................. 346 349 386 424 462 773 −.8 −7.0 −8.5

Northern ............................................ 69 80 93 98 116 240 −13.8 −12.2 −12.9

Southern ............................................ 277 269 293 326 346 533 3.0 −5.4 −7.0

Wyoming ............................................. 24 25 27 29 29 30 −4.0 −4.6 −2.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 1,518 1,602 1,659 1,848 2,068 3,239 −5.2 −7.4 −8.1

Interior Total1 ................................... 135 149 166 170 198 269 −9.4 −9.1 −7.4

Western Total1 .................................. 73 77 78 86 88 112 −5.2 −4.6 −4.6

East of Miss. River............................ 1,620 1,716 1,787 1,979 2,223 3,444 −5.6 −7.6 −8.0

West of Miss. River........................... 106 112 116 125 131 176 −5.3 −5.1 −5.5

U.S. Total............................................ 1,726 1,828 1,903 2,104 2,354 3,620 −5.6 −7.5 −7.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 5 
Table 3. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and Region Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Alabama .................................................. 12 17,316 41 5,697 53 23,013

Alaska ..................................................... − − 1 1,344 1 1,344

Arizona .................................................... − − 2 11,315 2 11,315

Arkansas .................................................. − − 3 24 3 24

Colorado .................................................. 8 19,705 4 9,926 12 29,631

Illinois ..................................................... 16 35,251 8 4,482 24 39,732

Indiana .................................................... 3 3,445 38 33,359 41 36,803

Kansas ..................................................... − − 2 341 2 341

Kentucky Total ....................................... 277 92,832 205 57,462 482 150,295

Eastern .................................................. 259 67,066 186 49,589 445 116,654

Western ................................................ 18 25,767 19 7,874 37 33,641

Louisiana ................................................. − − 2 3,216 2 3,216

Maryland ................................................. 2 3,325 14 734 16 4,060

Missouri .................................................. − − 4 372 4 372

Montana .................................................. − − 6 42,840 6 42,840

New Mexico ........................................... 1 203 6 28,394 7 28,597

North Dakota .......................................... − − 4 29,912 4 29,912

Ohio ........................................................ 8 14,604 75 13,444 83 28,048

Oklahoma ................................................ 1 247 7 1,415 8 1,661

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 97 59,553 278 21,483 375 81,036

Anthracite ............................................. 38 408 85 4,823 123 5,231

Bituminous ........................................... 59 59,145 193 16,660 252 75,805

Tennessee ................................................ 13 1,047 14 1,649 27 2,696

Texas ....................................................... − − 14 52,583 14 52,583

Utah ......................................................... 15 26,075 − − 15 26,075

Virginia ................................................... 127 25,212 46 8,535 173 33,747

Washington ............................................. − − 2 4,638 2 4,638

West Virginia Total................................ 246 117,191 100 53,955 346 171,145

Northern ............................................... 39 39,236 30 5,382 69 44,618

Southern ............................................... 207 77,954 70 48,572 277 126,527

Wyoming ................................................ 1 1,723 23 312,686 24 314,409

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 764 305,313 754 155,086 1,518 460,399

Interior Total1 ...................................... 38 64,709 97 103,665 135 168,374

Western Total1...................................... 25 47,706 48 441,056 73 488,762

East of Miss. River ............................... 801 369,775 819 200,800 1,620 570,576

West of Miss. River.............................. 26 47,952 80 499,007 106 546,960

U.S. Total............................................... 827 417,728 899 699,807 1,726 1,117,535

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

6 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Alabama ................................................. 12 17,316 41 5,697 53 23,013

Bibb ................................................... − − 1 22 1 22

Blount ................................................ − − 1*1*

Cullman ............................................. 1 40 1 45 2 85

Fayette ............................................... 1 2,419 − − 1 2,419

Jefferson ............................................ 4 8,417 3 1,245 7 9,661

Marion ............................................... − − 1 19 1 19

Shelby ............................................... 2 412 1 11 3 423

Tuscaloosa ........................................ 3 5,988 4 660 7 6,648

Walker ............................................... 1 41 26 3,470 27 3,510

Winston ............................................. − − 3 225 3 225

Alaska ..................................................... − − 1 1,344 1 1,344

Yukon River ..................................... − − 1 1,344 1 1,344

Arizona ................................................... − − 2 11,315 2 11,315

Navajo ............................................... − − 2 11,315 2 11,315

Arkansas ................................................ − − 3 24 3 24

Johnson ............................................. − − 2 20 2 20

Sebastian ........................................... − − 1414

Colorado ................................................ 8 19,705 4 9,926 12 29,631

Delta .................................................. 1 1,210 − − 1 1,210

Fremont ............................................. 1 226 − − 1 226

Gunnison ........................................... 2 7,459 − − 2 7,459

La Plata............................................. 1 283 − − 1 283

Mesa .................................................. 1 340 − − 1 340

Moffat ............................................... − − 2 8,015 2 8,015

Montrose ........................................... − − 1 322 1 322

Rio Blanco ........................................ 1 1,716 − − 1 1,716

Routt .................................................. 1 8,471 1 1,589 2 10,060

Illinois ..................................................... 16 35,251 8 4,482 24 39,732

Gallatin .............................................. 1 1,911 1 903 2 2,815

Jackson .............................................. − − 2 474 2 474

Jefferson ............................................ 1 4,097 − − 1 4,097

Logan ................................................ 1 2,372 − − 1 2,372

Macoupin .......................................... 3 5,775 − − 3 5,775

McDonough ...................................... − − 1 495 1 495

Perry .................................................. 1 2,234 2 1,319 3 3,553

Randolph ........................................... 1 2,390 − − 1 2,390

Saline ................................................ 4 8,057 1 881 5 8,938

Schuyler ............................................ − − 1 410 1 410

Vermilion .......................................... 1 795 − − 1 795

Wabash .............................................. 1 1,389 − − 1 1,389

Washington ....................................... 1 4,065 − − 1 4,065

White ................................................. 1 2,164 − − 1 2,164

Indiana ................................................... 3 3,445 38 33,359 41 36,803

Clay ................................................... − − 4 2,208 4 2,208

Daviess .............................................. − − 5 3,105 5 3,105

Dubois ............................................... − − 1 250 1 250

Gibson ............................................... − − 3 5,318 3 5,318

Greene ............................................... − − 3 2,410 3 2,410

Knox .................................................. 3 3,445 4 1,814 7 5,258

Owen ................................................. − − 2 503 2 503

Parke ................................................. − − 1 78 1 78

Perry .................................................. − − 1111

Pike ................................................... − − 5 5,326 5 5,326

Spencer .............................................. − − 1 234 1 234

Sullivan ............................................. − − 2 4,737 2 4,737

Vigo .................................................. − − 1 3,066 1 3,066

Warrick ............................................. − − 5 4,310 5 4,310

Kansas .................................................... − − 2 341 2 341

Linn ................................................... − − 2 341 2 341

Kentucky ................................................ 277 92,832 205 57,462 482 150,295

Bell .................................................... 12 3,390 10 2,130 22 5,520

Breathitt ............................................ − − 5 4,302 5 4,302

Butler ................................................ − − 1919

Christian ............................................ − − 1 550 1 550

Clay ................................................... 1 25 5 348 6 373

Daviess .............................................. − − 1 882 1 882

Floyd ................................................. 31 2,426 8 3,258 39 5,684

Harlan ................................................ 29 6,629 10 1,502 39 8,131

Henderson ......................................... 1 531 3 1,429 4 1,959

Hopkins ............................................. 6 4,202 5 2,983 11 7,185

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 7 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Kentucky (Continued)

Jackson .............................................. − − 1313

Johnson ............................................. 3 1,100 3 37 6 1,137

Knott ................................................. 25 5,119 19 3,943 44 9,061

Knox .................................................. 11 399 6 188 17 587

Lawrence ........................................... 1 145 4 130 5 275

Leslie ................................................. 8 7,470 7 2,167 15 9,637

Letcher .............................................. 15 6,519 23 3,342 38 9,860

Magoffin ........................................... − − 2 819 2 819

Martin ................................................ 24 6,530 11 5,048 35 11,578

McLean ............................................. 1 1,216 2 540 3 1,755

Muhlenberg ....................................... 2 2,636 3 650 5 3,287

Ohio .................................................. − − 1 343 1 343

Owsley .............................................. − − 3 50 3 50

Perry .................................................. 14 5,755 17 8,729 31 14,484

Pike ................................................... 82 21,420 49 13,470 131 34,890

Union ................................................ 3 7,602 − − 3 7,602

Webster ............................................. 5 9,580 2 488 7 10,068

Whitley .............................................. 3 139 3 125 6 264

Louisiana ................................................ − − 2 3,216 2 3,216

De Soto ............................................. − − 1 2,242 1 2,242

Red River.......................................... − − 1 974 1 974

Maryland ............................................... 2 3,325 14 734 16 4,060

Allegany ............................................ − − 9 524 9 524

Garrett ............................................... 2 3,325 5 211 7 3,536

Missouri ................................................. − − 4 372 4 372

Barton ................................................ − − 1 111 1 111

Bates .................................................. − − 3 260 3 260

Montana ................................................. − − 6 42,840 6 42,840

Big Horn ........................................... − − 3 28,496 3 28,496

Richland ............................................ − − 1 329 1 329

Rosebud ............................................ − − 2 14,015 2 14,015

New Mexico ........................................... 1 203 6 28,394 7 28,597

Colfax ................................................ − − 1 1,340 1 1,340

McKinley .......................................... − − 2 12,013 2 12,013

San Juan............................................ 1 203 3 15,040 4 15,243

North Dakota ........................................ − − 4 29,912 4 29,912

McLean ............................................. − − 1 7,196 1 7,196

Mercer ............................................... − − 2 19,160 2 19,160

Oliver ................................................ − − 1 3,556 1 3,556

Ohio ........................................................ 8 14,604 75 13,444 83 28,048

Belmont ............................................. 1 4,267 9 1,866 10 6,133

Carroll ............................................... − − 5 146 5 146

Columbiana ....................................... 1 381 6 325 7 706

Coshocton ......................................... − − 5 233 5 233

Gallia ................................................. − − 2 406 2 406

Guernsey ........................................... − − 4 153 4 153

Harrison ............................................ 1 1,440 8 1,035 9 2,475

Holmes .............................................. − − 1 23 1 23

Jackson .............................................. − − 3 1,751 3 1,751

Jefferson ............................................ 2 483 3 197 5 680

Meigs ................................................ 2 5,313 − − 2 5,313

Monroe .............................................. 1 2,720 − − 1 2,720

Morgan .............................................. − − 1 1,684 1 1,684

Muskingum ....................................... − − 3 860 3 860

Noble ................................................. − − 3 841 3 841

Perry .................................................. − − 5 990 5 990

Stark .................................................. − − 6 518 6 518

Tuscarawas ........................................ − − 8 1,056 8 1,056

Vinton ............................................... − − 3 1,359 3 1,359

Oklahoma .............................................. 1 247 7 1,415 8 1,661

Craig .................................................. − − 1 162 1 162

Haskell .............................................. − − 1 641 1 641

Latimer .............................................. − − 1 302 1 302

Le Flore ............................................ 1 247 2 94 3 341

Nowata .............................................. − − 1 212 1 212

Okmulgee .......................................... − − 1414

Pennsylvania .......................................... 97 59,553 278 21,483 375 81,036

Allegheny .......................................... 1 * 1 14 2 14

Armstrong ......................................... 12 4,844 15 1,148 27 5,992

Beaver ............................................... 1 2 − − 1 2

See footnotes at end of table.

8 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

Pennsylvania (Continued)

Bedford ............................................. − − 1212

Butler ................................................ − − 4 576 4 576

Cambria ............................................. 2 32 14 2,018 16 2,051

Carbon ............................................... − − 2 302 2 302

Clarion .............................................. − − 8 502 8 502

Clearfield .......................................... 2 168 44 4,406 46 4,574

Columbia ........................................... 2 180 5 1,018 7 1,199

Dauphin ............................................. 1 1 1 5 2 7

Elk ..................................................... − − 5 664 5 664

Fayette ............................................... − − 16 435 16 435

Greene ............................................... 11 37,413 2 47 13 37,460

Indiana .............................................. 12 4,176 20 1,091 32 5,267

Jefferson ............................................ 4 674 17 750 21 1,423

Lackawanna ...................................... − − 4 36 4 36

Lawrence ........................................... − − 2 123 2 123

Luzerne ............................................. − − 14 908 14 908

Lycoming .......................................... − − 1 314 1 314

Mercer ............................................... − − 1818

Northumberland ................................ 8 46 9 269 17 315

Schuylkill .......................................... 27 181 48 2,238 75 2,419

Somerset ............................................ 11 1,974 26 3,219 37 5,193

Sullivan ............................................. − − 2 46 2 46

Venango ............................................ − − 1 98 1 98

Washington ....................................... 3 9,862 4 731 7 10,593

Westmoreland ................................... − − 11 516 11 516

Tennessee ............................................... 13 1,047 14 1,649 27 2,696

Anderson ........................................... 2 16 − − 2 16

Campbell ........................................... 5 470 5 382 10 852

Claiborne ........................................... 4 503 4 435 8 937

Cumberland ....................................... − − 1 86 1 86

Fentress ............................................. − − 2 211 2 211

Morgan .............................................. 1 11 − − 1 11

Scott .................................................. 1 47 − − 1 47

Sequatchie ......................................... − − 2 537 2 537

Texas ...................................................... − − 14 52,583 14 52,583

Atascosa ............................................ − − 1 3,522 1 3,522

Freestone ........................................... − − 1 4,926 1 4,926

Harrison ............................................ − − 2 4,053 2 4,053

Hopkins ............................................. − − 1 2,244 1 2,244

Leon .................................................. − − 1 8,837 1 8,837

Milam ................................................ − − 1 5,804 1 5,804

Panola ................................................ − − 2 8,192 2 8,192

Robertson .......................................... − − 1 1,868 1 1,868

Rusk .................................................. − − 1 5,274 1 5,274

Titus .................................................. − − 2 7,590 2 7,590

Webb ................................................. − − 1 274 1 274

Utah ........................................................ 15 26,075 − − 15 26,075

Carbon ............................................... 10 9,539 − − 10 9,539

Emery ................................................ 4 11,384 − − 4 11,384

Sevier ................................................ 1 5,153 − − 1 5,153

Virginia .................................................. 127 25,212 46 8,535 173 33,747

Alleghany .......................................... − − 1 109 1 109

Buchanan .......................................... 55 10,941 9 1,537 64 12,477

Dickenson ......................................... 14 2,271 8 971 22 3,242

Lee .................................................... 5 1,057 2 169 7 1,225

Russell ............................................... 6 809 2 415 8 1,224

Tazewell ............................................ 12 1,807 − − 12 1,807

Wise .................................................. 35 8,327 24 5,335 59 13,662

Washington ............................................ − − 2 4,638 2 4,638

King .................................................. − − 1 16 1 16

Lewis ................................................. − − 1 4,622 1 4,622

West Virginia ........................................ 246 117,191 100 53,955 346 171,145

Barbour ............................................. 3 1,175 2 68 5 1,243

Boone ................................................ 30 21,066 8 8,420 38 29,486

Braxton .............................................. 1 588 − − 1 588

Brooke ............................................... 1 1,967 − − 1 1,967

Clay ................................................... − − 4 6,636 4 6,636

Fayette ............................................... 3 1,358 4 1,993 7 3,351

Gilmer ............................................... 1 6 − − 1 6

Grant ................................................. 2 498 2 801 4 1,299

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 9 
Table 4. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production

West Virginia (Continued)

Greenbrier ......................................... 2 496 3 30 5 526

Harrison ............................................ 5 6,467 6 121 11 6,588

Kanawha ........................................... 10 4,647 6 9,478 16 14,126

Lewis ................................................. − − 1111

Lincoln .............................................. 1 24 − − 1 24

Logan ................................................ 21 3,814 8 10,305 29 14,119

Marion ............................................... 1 5,445 1 108 2 5,553

Marshall ............................................ 2 11,466 − − 2 11,466

McDowell ......................................... 63 4,343 10 1,901 73 6,244

Mineral .............................................. − − 2 94 2 94

Mingo ................................................ 27 16,160 14 6,249 41 22,409

Monongalia ....................................... 6 5,983 3 962 9 6,945

Nicholas ............................................ 6 2,015 4 749 10 2,764

Preston .............................................. 3 1,531 5 108 8 1,639

Raleigh .............................................. 20 12,376 2 109 22 12,486

Randolph ........................................... 2 108 − − 2 108

Tucker ............................................... − − 1 180 1 180

Upshur ............................................... 7 1,856 5 354 12 2,210

Wayne ............................................... 4 3,366 2 1,024 6 4,390

Webster ............................................. 5 2,147 2 2,586 7 4,733

Wyoming .......................................... 20 8,289 5 1,679 25 9,967

Wyoming ................................................ 1 1,723 23 312,686 24 314,409

Campbell ........................................... − − 15 273,866 15 273,866

Carbon ............................................... 1 1,723 2 1,389 3 3,112

Converse ........................................... − − 2 23,383 2 23,383

Lincoln .............................................. − − 1 4,736 1 4,736

Sheridan ............................................ − − 1 66 1 66

Sweetwater ........................................ − − 2 9,245 2 9,245

U.S. Total............................................... 827 417,728 899 699,807 1,726 1,117,535

* Data round to zero.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Notes: Coal production is attributed to the county in which the mine originally opened. Production excludes silt, culm, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

10 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 5. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... 448 56 14,912 1,900 17,316

Colorado .............................................. 2,060 − 17,645 − 19,705

Illinois .................................................. 22,759 − 12,492 − 35,251

Indiana ................................................. 3,445 − − − 3,445

Kentucky Total .................................... 74,932 7,585 9,780 535 92,832

Eastern .............................................. 56,926 7,585 2,020 535 67,066

Western ............................................. 18,006 − 7,761 − 25,767

Maryland .............................................. 301 − 3,024 − 3,325

New Mexico ........................................ 203 − − − 203

Ohio ..................................................... 2,304 − 12,300 − 14,604

Oklahoma............................................. 247 − − − 247

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 13,347 290 45,797 119 59,553

Anthracite .......................................... 180 124 − 104 408

Bituminous ........................................ 13,167 166 45,797 14 59,145

Tennessee ............................................. 1,019 27 − 1 1,047

Utah ...................................................... 1,174 1,912 22,989 − 26,075

Virginia ................................................ 13,965 3,943 7,243 61 25,212

West Virginia Total............................. 60,386 4,815 51,931 58 117,191

Northern ............................................ 8,425 1,571 29,224 17 39,236

Southern ............................................ 51,962 3,244 22,707 41 77,954

Wyoming ............................................. − − 1,723 − 1,723

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 148,697 16,716 137,227 2,674 305,313

Interior Total5 ................................... 44,456 − 20,253 − 64,709

Western Total5 .................................. 3,437 1,912 42,357 − 47,706

East of Miss. River............................ 192,906 16,716 157,479 2,674 369,775

West of Miss. River........................... 3,684 1,912 42,357 − 47,952

U.S. Total............................................ 196,590 18,628 199,836 2,674 417,728

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide data.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 11 
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine

Production Range, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Number of Mines Production

Mine Production Range

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons)

and Type of Mining

 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less

 and to to to to than and to to to to than

 over 1,000 500 200 100 10 over 1,000 500 200 100 10

Alabama .................................................................... 8 1 8 3 28 5 17,963 891 2,452 580 1,109 17

Underground ........................................................ 7 − 1 − 4 − 16,812 − 397 − 106 −

Surface ................................................................. 1 1 7 3 24 5 1,151 891 2,055 580 1,003 17

Alaska........................................................................ 1 −−−−− 1,344 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 1 −−−−− 1,344 − − − − −

Arizona...................................................................... 2 −−−−− 11,315 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 2 −−−−− 11,315 − − − − −

Arkansas ................................................................... −−−− 1 2 − − − − 19 6

Surface ................................................................. −−−− 1 2 − − − − 19 6

Colorado.................................................................... 8 − 4 −−− 28,459 − 1,172 − − −

Underground ........................................................ 5 − 3 −−− 18,855 − 850 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 3 − 1 −−− 9,604 − 322 − − −

Illinois ........................................................................ 15 3 5 − 1 − 35,540 2,579 1,594 − 20 −

Underground ........................................................ 14 1 1 −−− 34,241 795 215 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 1 2 4 − 1 − 1,299 1,784 1,379 − 20 −

Indiana ...................................................................... 14 10 7 2 4 4 26,864 7,140 2,350 241 193 15

Underground ........................................................ 2 − 1 −−− 3,049 − 396 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 12 10 6 2 4 4 23,815 7,140 1,955 241 193 15

Kansas....................................................................... −−− 2 − − − − − 341 − −

Surface ................................................................. −−− 2 − − − − − 341 − −

Kentucky Total ........................................................ 28 74 94 76 158 52 49,640 53,745 29,113 10,805 6,728 264

Underground ........................................................ 20 40 55 51 86 25 37,253 27,642 16,278 7,370 4,157 133

Surface ................................................................. 8 34 39 25 72 27 12,388 26,103 12,835 3,435 2,571 131

Eastern ................................................................... 20 60 85 74 155 51 29,316 43,867 26,034 10,564 6,618 255

Underground ........................................................ 12 34 51 51 86 25 16,929 23,595 14,882 7,370 4,157 133

Surface ................................................................. 8 26 34 23 69 26 12,388 20,272 11,152 3,194 2,461 122

Western .................................................................. 8 14 9 2 3 1 20,324 9,878 3,079 241 110 9

Underground ........................................................ 8 6 4 −−− 20,324 4,047 1,396 − − −

Surface ................................................................. − 85231 − 5,831 1,683 241 110 9

Louisiana................................................................... 1 1 −−−− 2,242 974 − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 1 1 −−−− 2,242 974 − − − −

Maryland .................................................................. 1 − 1 3 7 4 3,024 − 301 376 331 27

Underground ........................................................ 1 − 1 −−− 3,024 − 301 − − −

Surface ................................................................. −−− 3 7 4 − − − 376 331 27

Missouri .................................................................... −−− 2 2 − − − − 296 76 −

Surface ................................................................. −−− 2 2 − − − − 296 76 −

Montana .................................................................... 5 − 1 −−− 42,511 − 329 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 5 − 1 −−− 42,511 − 329 − − −

New Mexico .............................................................. 6 − 1 −−− 28,394 − 203 − − −

Underground ........................................................ − − 1 −−− − − 203 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 6 −−−−− 28,394 − − − − −

North Dakota............................................................ 4 −−−−− 29,912 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 4 −−−−− 29,912 − − − − −

Ohio ........................................................................... 7 6 14 10 34 12 16,434 4,297 4,395 1,556 1,324 42

Underground ........................................................ 5 − 3 −−− 13,740 − 864 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 2 6 11 10 34 12 2,694 4,297 3,531 1,556 1,324 42

Oklahoma .................................................................. − 13112 − 641 760 162 88 10

Underground ........................................................ − − 1 −−− − − 247 − − −

Surface ................................................................. − 12112 − 641 514 162 88 10

Pennsylvania Total .................................................. 10 16 32 41 156 120 48,456 10,671 9,903 5,711 5,917 379

Underground ........................................................ 9 7 13 12 24 32 47,170 5,283 4,337 1,788 894 81

Surface ................................................................. 1 9 19 29 132 88 1,286 5,388 5,565 3,923 5,022 298

Anthracite .............................................................. − 2 3 9 42 67 − 1,358 884 1,341 1,441 208

Underground ........................................................ −−− 1 10 27 − − − 180 162 66

Surface ................................................................. − 2 3 8 32 40 − 1,358 884 1,160 1,279 142

Bituminous............................................................. 10 14 29 32 114 53 48,456 9,313 9,018 4,371 4,476 171

Underground ........................................................ 9 7 13 11 14 5 47,170 5,283 4,337 1,608 732 14

Surface ................................................................. 1 7 16 21 100 48 1,286 4,030 4,681 2,763 3,744 156

Tennessee .................................................................. − 1 4 3 14 5 − 519 987 514 654 23

Underground ........................................................ − − 1 2 9 1 − − 255 364 427 1

Surface ................................................................. − 13154 − 519 732 150 226 22

Texas.......................................................................... 12 − 2 −−− 52,073 − 510 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 12 − 2 −−− 52,073 − 510 − − −

See footnotes at end of table.

12 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, Mine Type, and Mine

Production Range, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Number of Mines Production

Mine Production Range

Coal-Producing State, Region (thousand short tons)

and Type of Mining

 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less 1,000 500 200 100 10 Less

 and to to to to than and to to to to than

 over 1,000 500 200 100 10 over 1,000 500 200 100 10

Utah ........................................................................... 83211 − 22,989 2,192 628 168 97 −

Underground ........................................................ 8 3 2 1 1 − 22,989 2,192 628 168 97 −

Virginia ..................................................................... 2 11 34 37 65 24 7,018 7,292 10,951 5,186 3,199 101

Underground ........................................................ 2 6 24 29 54 12 7,018 3,921 7,329 4,084 2,799 61

Surface ................................................................. − 5 10 8 11 12 − 3,371 3,622 1,102 400 40

Washington ............................................................... 1 −−− 1 − 4,622 −−− 16 −

Surface ................................................................. 1 −−− 1 − 4,622 −−− 16 −

West Virginia Total................................................. 35 51 62 59 107 32 99,774 36,311 20,988 8,713 5,243 116

Underground ........................................................ 21 35 49 45 79 17 65,231 25,128 16,117 6,630 4,026 58

Surface ................................................................. 14 16 13 14 28 15 34,543 11,183 4,871 2,083 1,217 58

Northern ................................................................. 9 7 10 13 17 13 33,293 4,809 3,701 1,901 857 58

Underground ........................................................ 8 5 8 10 4 4 31,291 3,341 2,901 1,453 234 17

Surface ................................................................. 1 2 2 3 13 9 2,002 1,468 801 448 622 41

Southern................................................................. 26 44 52 46 90 19 66,482 31,502 17,287 6,812 4,387 58

Underground ........................................................ 13 30 41 35 75 13 33,940 21,787 13,217 5,178 3,792 41

Surface ................................................................. 13 14 11 11 15 6 32,542 9,716 4,070 1,634 595 16

Wyoming ................................................................... 18 2 1 − 2 1 311,980 1,890 423 − 107 10

Underground ........................................................ 1 −−−−− 1,723 − − − − −

Surface ................................................................. 17 2 1 − 2 1 310,257 1,890 423 − 107 10

Appalachian Total1 ................................................. 83 146 240 230 566 253 221,987 103,848 76,010 33,201 24,395 959

Underground ........................................................ 57 82 143 139 256 87 169,925 57,926 44,483 20,237 12,410 333

Surface ................................................................. 26 64 97 91 310 166 52,062 45,921 31,527 12,964 11,986 626

Interior Total1.......................................................... 50 29 26 9 12 9 137,043 21,212 8,294 1,280 506 40

Underground ........................................................ 24 7 7 −−− 57,613 4,842 2,253 − − −

Surface ................................................................. 26 22 19 9 12 9 79,429 16,369 6,040 1,280 506 40

Western Total1......................................................... 53 5 9 1 4 1 481,527 4,082 2,755 168 220 10

Underground ........................................................ 14 3 6 1 1 − 43,567 2,192 1,681 168 97 −

Surface ................................................................. 39 2 3 − 3 1 437,960 1,890 1,074 − 123 10

East of Miss. River .................................................. 120 173 261 234 574 258 304,714 123,444 83,033 33,683 24,718 983

Underground ........................................................ 81 89 149 139 256 87 227,538 62,768 46,490 20,237 12,410 333

Surface ................................................................. 39 84 112 95 318 171 77,176 60,676 36,544 13,446 12,308 650

West of Miss. River ................................................. 66 7 14 6 8 5 535,842 5,697 4,025 967 403 25

Underground ........................................................ 14 3 7 1 1 − 43,567 2,192 1,928 168 97 −

Surface ................................................................. 52 4 7 5 7 5 492,275 3,505 2,098 798 306 25

U.S. Total.................................................................. 186 180 275 240 582 263 840,556 129,141 87,059 34,650 25,121 1,009

Underground ........................................................... 95 92 156 140 257 87 271,105 64,961 48,417 20,405 12,507 333

Surface .................................................................... 91 88 119 100 325 176 569,451 64,181 38,641 14,244 12,614 676

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 13 
Table 7. U.S. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coalbed Thickness Underground Surface Total (inches)

 < 7 .................................................... − 30 30

7-12 .................................................... 1,323 3,069 4,392

13-18 .................................................. − 7,762 7,762

19-24 .................................................. 372 18,242 18,614

25-30 .................................................. 3,971 21,567 25,539

31-36 .................................................. 36,575 28,875 65,450

37-42 .................................................. 26,816 20,805 47,621

43-48 .................................................. 38,372 28,417 66,789

49-54 .................................................. 32,834 25,575 58,410

55-60 .................................................. 45,468 18,323 63,791

61-66 .................................................. 37,024 11,447 48,471

67-72 .................................................. 52,038 17,520 69,558

73-78 .................................................. 36,465 12,769 49,233

79-84 .................................................. 26,005 12,096 38,101

85-90 .................................................. 9,905 13,073 22,979

91-96 .................................................. 24,006 3,309 27,315

97-102 ................................................ 1,702 6,532 8,234

103-108 .............................................. 2,434 16,278 18,712

109-114 .............................................. 11,113 2,832 13,945

115-120 .............................................. 6,926 1,604 8,530

> 120 .............................................. 23,382 428,904 452,286

Unknown1 ......................................... 998 777 1,775

U.S. Total .......................................... 417,728 699,807 1,117,535

1 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

14 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 8. U.S. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and

Mine Type, 1998

Production Thickness

Coalbed ID Number 1 (thousand short tons) (inches)

Coalbed Name 2

 Underground Surface Total Average3 Low High

1699 Wyodak ................................................................ − 279,543 279,543 798 84 1,200

0036 Pittsburgh ............................................................. 83,948 2,349 86,297 74 18 120

0489 No. 9 .................................................................... 29,840 10,487 40,326 59 8 80

0111 Hazard No. 5-A ................................................... 15,653 20,427 36,080 77 12 229

1569 Beulah-Zap........................................................... − 28,287 28,287 157 144 180

0484 No. 6 .................................................................... 24,653 2,917 27,570 77 46 96

0084 Lower Kittanning................................................. 7,176 16,568 23,744 63 10 132

0135 Hazard No. 4........................................................ 19,919 2,563 22,481 51 12 264

1808 Rosebud................................................................ − 17,771 17,771 262 216 276

0151 Elkhorn No. 1 ...................................................... 13,219 4,223 17,441 50 14 100

0103 Stockton-Lewiston ............................................... 3,363 14,047 17,410 77 9 120

0168 Lower Elkhorn..................................................... 14,460 1,489 15,949 52 20 110

0344 Pocahontas No. 3................................................. 14,056 31 14,086 63 37 83

0071 Upper Freeport..................................................... 9,909 4,135 14,044 54 6 96

0176 Eagle..................................................................... 11,860 1,000 12,860 60 20 104

0483 Indiana No. 6 ....................................................... − 12,276 12,276 49 15 80

Major Coalbeds Total ................................................... 248,055 418,112 666,167 382 6 1,200

Other Coalbeds............................................................... 168,675 280,918 449,593 135 2 1,440

Unknown4 ....................................................................... 998 777 1,775 NA NA NA

U.S. Total ........................................................................ 417,728 699,807 1,117,535 283 2 1,440

1 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal

zones. 2 The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that coalbed. The States having the

greatest production for each coalbed are: Eastern Kentucky (coalbeds 0111, 0135, 0151, 0154, 0157, 0168, 0176); West Virginia (0036, 0084, 0103,

0344); Pennsylvania (0071,0076); Western Kentucky (0489); Illinois (0484); North Dakota (1569); Montana (1808); Wyoming (1699). In some other States

where these are major producing beds, the following alternate coalbed names are also used: 0084, No. 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Coalburg

(West Virginia); 0135, Chilton (West Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennesee), Taggert (Virginia), Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0154, Lower Cedar Grove (West

Virginia); 0157, Upper Standiford (Virginia), Alma (West Virginia); 0168, No. 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0483, No. 12 (Western Kentucky); 0484, No. 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No. 5 (Illinois and Indiana).

3 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production.

4 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. A major coalbed is

defined here as a coalbed from which 10 million or more short tons were produced during the year. The category ‘‘Other Coalbeds’’ includes all coalbeds from which less than 10 million short tons were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the

coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these

types are also included in ‘‘Other Coalbeds,’’ even though production may exceed 10 million short tons. Totals may not equal sum of components due to

independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 15 
Table 9. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total

 Coal-Producing Number Number Number Number Number State and Region of Production of Production of Production of Production of Production

Mines Mines Mines Mines Mines

Alabama............................................... 53 23,013 − − − − − − 53 23,013

Alaska .................................................. − − 1 1,344 − − − − 1 1,344

Arizona ................................................ 2 11,315 − − − − − − 2 11,315

Arkansas .............................................. 1 4 − − − − 2 20 3 24

Colorado .............................................. 9 20,027 3 9,604 − − − − 12 29,631

Illinois .................................................. 24 39,732 − − − − − − 24 39,732

Indiana ................................................. 41 36,803 − − − − − − 41 36,803

Kansas.................................................. 2 341 − − − − − − 2 341

Kentucky Total .................................... 482 150,295 − − − − − − 482 150,295

Eastern .............................................. 445 116,654 − − − − − − 445 116,654

Western ............................................. 37 33,641 − − − − − − 37 33,641

Louisiana.............................................. − − − − 2 3,216 − − 2 3,216

Maryland.............................................. 16 4,060 − − − − − − 16 4,060

Missouri ............................................... 4 372 − − − − − − 4 372

Montana ............................................... − − 5 42,511 1 329 − − 6 42,840

New Mexico ........................................ 5 11,829 3 16,768 − − − − 7 28,597

North Dakota ....................................... − − − − 4 29,912 − − 4 29,912

Ohio ..................................................... 83 28,048 − − − − − − 83 28,048

Oklahoma............................................. 8 1,661 − − − − − − 8 1,661

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 252 75,805 − − − − 123 5,231 375 81,036

Anthracite.......................................... − − − − − − 123 5,231 123 5,231

Bituminous........................................ 252 75,805 − − − − − − 252 75,805

Tennessee............................................. 27 2,696 − − − − − − 27 2,696

Texas.................................................... 1 274 − − 13 52,309 − − 14 52,583

Utah...................................................... 15 26,075 − − − − − − 15 26,075

Virginia ................................................ 173 33,747 − − − − − − 173 33,747

Washington .......................................... 1 16 1 4,622 − − − − 2 4,638

West Virginia Total............................. 346 171,145 −−−−−− 346 171,145

Northern ............................................ 69 44,618 − − − − − − 69 44,618

Southern ............................................ 277 126,527 − − − − − − 277 126,527

Wyoming ............................................. 3 3,112 21 311,296 − − − − 24 314,409

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 1,395 455,168 − − − − 123 5,231 1,518 460,400

Interior Total1 ................................... 118 112,828 − − 15 55,526 2 20 135 168,374

Western Total1 .................................. 35 72,374 34 386,147 5 30,241 − − 73 488,762

East of Miss. River............................ 1,497 565,344 −−−− 123 5,231 1,620 570,576

West of Miss. River........................... 51 75,025 34 386,147 20 85,767 2 20 106 546,960

U.S. Total............................................ 1,548 640,370 34 386,147 20 85,767 125 5,252 1,726 1,117,535

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

16 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 10. Coal Production by State, Coal Rank, and Group, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Coal-Producing Bituminous Bituminous Bituminous Subbitumi- Medium Lignite Anthracite Total State and Region Low Volatile High Volatile Total1 nous Volatile

Alabama ..................................................... 7,337 4,210 11,269 23,013 −−− 23,013

Alaska ......................................................... −−−− 1,344 − − 1,344

Arizona ....................................................... − − 11,315 11,315 −−− 11,315

Arkansas ..................................................... 4 − − 4 − − 20 24

Colorado ..................................................... − − 20,027 20,027 9,604 − − 29,631

Illinois ........................................................ − 1,538 38,195 39,732 −−− 39,732

Indiana ........................................................ − 717 36,086 36,803 −−− 36,803

Kansas ........................................................ − − 341 341 −−− 341

Kentucky Total .......................................... 2,144 10,049 137,993 150,295 −−− 150,295

Eastern ..................................................... 2,144 6,573 107,829 116,654 −−− 116,654

Western ................................................... − 3,476 30,164 33,641 −−− 33,641

Louisiana .................................................... −−−−− 3,216 − 3,216

Maryland .................................................... 3,565 − 495 4,060 −−− 4,060

Missouri ..................................................... − − 372 372 −−− 372

Montana ..................................................... −−−− 42,511 329 − 42,840

New Mexico............................................... − − 11,829 11,829 16,768 − − 28,597

North Dakota ............................................. −−−−− 29,912 − 29,912

Ohio ............................................................ − 564 26,634 28,048 −−− 28,048

Oklahoma ................................................... 335 646 680 1,661 −−− 1,661

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 4,534 11,516 59,177 75,805 − − 5,231 81,036

Anthracite ................................................ −−−−−− 5,231 5,231

Bituminous .............................................. 4,534 11,516 59,177 75,805 −−− 75,805

Tennessee ................................................... − 751 1,945 2,696 −−− 2,696

Texas .......................................................... − − 274 274 − 52,309 − 52,583

Utah ............................................................ − − 26,075 26,075 −−− 26,075

Virginia ...................................................... 7,941 3,836 21,970 33,747 −−− 33,747

Washington ................................................ − − 16 16 4,622 − − 4,638

West Virginia Total ................................... 15,214 9,887 146,044 171,145 −−− 171,145

Northern .................................................. 2,074 1,258 41,286 44,618 −−− 44,618

Southern .................................................. 13,140 8,629 104,758 126,527 −−− 126,527

Wyoming .................................................... − − 3,112 3,112 311,296 − − 314,409

Appalachian Total2 ................................. 40,734 37,337 375,362 455,168 − − 5,231 460,400

Interior Total2.......................................... 339 6,377 106,112 112,828 − 55,526 20 168,374

Western Total2......................................... − − 72,374 72,374 386,147 30,241 − 488,762

East of Miss. River .................................. 40,734 43,067 479,808 565,344 − − 5,231 570,576

West of Miss. River ................................. 339 646 74,040 75,025 386,147 85,767 20 546,960

U.S. Total .................................................. 41,073 43,714 553,848 640,370 386,147 85,767 5,252 1,117,535

1 Includes bituminous production with volatile content not reported.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for coal group definitions. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,

slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 17 
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 16,050 − 16,050 6,945 22,996

Underground .................................. 14,008 − 14,008 3,307 17,316

Surface ........................................... 2,042 − 2,042 3,638 5,680

Alaska.................................................. − 1,344 1,344 − 1,344

Surface ........................................... − 1,344 1,344 − 1,344

Arizona ................................................ 11,315 − 11,315 − 11,315

Surface ........................................... 11,315 − 11,315 − 11,315

Arkansas............................................. − − − 19 19

Surface ........................................... − − − 19 19

Colorado ............................................. 3,627 2,187 5,814 23,817 29,631

Underground .................................. 1,716 − 1,716 17,989 19,705

Surface ........................................... 1,911 2,187 4,099 5,828 9,926

Illinois .................................................. 22,781 3,007 25,788 13,944 39,732

Underground .................................. 20,967 2,127 23,093 12,157 35,251

Surface ........................................... 1,814 881 2,695 1,787 4,482

Indiana ................................................ 12,478 − 12,478 24,310 36,788

Underground .................................. − − − 3,445 3,445

Surface ........................................... 12,478 − 12,478 20,866 33,343

Kansas................................................. − − − 341 341

Surface ........................................... − − − 341 341

Kentucky Total .................................. 13,267 122 13,388 136,109 149,497

Underground .................................. 10,370 122 10,491 81,675 92,166

Surface ........................................... 2,897 − 2,897 54,434 57,331

Eastern ............................................. 3,645 122 3,766 112,099 115,865

Underground .................................. 1,253 122 1,374 65,025 66,399

Surface ........................................... 2,392 − 2,392 47,074 49,466

Western ............................................ 9,622 − 9,622 24,009 33,631

Underground .................................. 9,117 − 9,117 16,650 25,767

Surface ........................................... 505 − 505 7,359 7,864

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 3,216 3,216

Surface ........................................... − − − 3,216 3,216

Maryland ............................................ − − − 4,032 4,032

Underground .................................. − − − 3,325 3,325

Surface ........................................... − − − 707 707

Missouri .............................................. − − − 333 333

Surface ........................................... − − − 333 333

Montana.............................................. 13,963 17,235 31,198 11,642 42,840

Surface ........................................... 13,963 17,235 31,198 11,642 42,840

New Mexico ........................................ 8,563 15,040 23,603 4,993 28,597

Underground .................................. − − − 203 203

Surface ........................................... 8,563 15,040 23,603 4,791 28,394

North Dakota ..................................... 2,793 3,556 6,349 23,563 29,912

Surface ........................................... 2,793 3,556 6,349 23,563 29,912

Ohio ..................................................... 14,718 − 14,718 13,288 28,006

Underground .................................. 12,300 − 12,300 2,304 14,604

Surface ........................................... 2,418 − 2,418 10,984 13,402

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 1,651 1,651

Underground .................................. − − − 247 247

Surface ........................................... − − − 1,405 1,405

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 36,673 55 36,728 43,866 80,595

Underground .................................. 34,102 − 34,102 25,371 59,473

Surface ........................................... 2,572 55 2,627 18,495 21,122

Anthracite ........................................ 1,448 55 1,503 3,521 5,023

Underground .................................. − − − 342 342

Surface ........................................... 1,448 55 1,503 3,178 4,681

Bituminous ....................................... 35,226 − 35,226 40,346 75,572

Underground .................................. 34,102 − 34,102 25,029 59,131

Surface ........................................... 1,124 − 1,124 15,317 16,441

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 2,673 2,673

Underground .................................. − − − 1,046 1,046

Surface ........................................... − − − 1,628 1,628

Texas ................................................... − 27,426 27,426 25,157 52,583

Surface ........................................... − 27,426 27,426 25,157 52,583

Utah ..................................................... 7,206 − 7,206 18,869 26,075

Underground .................................. 7,206 − 7,206 18,869 26,075

Virginia ............................................... 5,855 1,271 7,126 26,426 33,552

Underground .................................. 5,855 791 6,646 18,410 25,057

Surface ........................................... − 480 480 8,016 8,496

Washington......................................... − 4,622 4,622 16 4,638

Surface ........................................... − 4,622 4,622 16 4,638

West Virginia Total........................... 79,940 − 79,940 91,053 170,992

Underground .................................. 59,310 − 59,310 57,785 117,095

Surface ........................................... 20,630 − 20,630 33,267 53,897

See footnotes at end of table.

18 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 11. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 29,781 − 29,781 14,779 44,560

Underground .................................. 29,781 − 29,781 9,439 39,219

Surface ........................................... − − − 5,341 5,341

Southern ........................................... 50,159 − 50,159 76,273 126,432

Underground .................................. 29,529 − 29,529 48,347 77,876

Surface ........................................... 20,630 − 20,630 27,926 48,556

Wyoming............................................. 4,802 10,404 15,206 299,193 314,399

Underground .................................. − − − 1,723 1,723

Surface ........................................... 4,802 10,404 15,206 297,470 312,676

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 156,882 1,447 158,329 300,383 458,713

Underground .................................. 126,828 912 127,741 176,574 304,315

Surface ........................................... 30,054 535 30,589 123,809 154,398

Interior Total1 ................................... 44,881 30,434 75,314 92,981 168,295

Underground .................................. 30,084 2,127 32,210 32,498 64,709

Surface ........................................... 14,797 28,307 43,104 60,482 103,586

Western Total1 .................................. 52,269 54,390 106,659 382,094 488,752

Underground .................................. 8,922 − 8,922 38,784 47,706

Surface ........................................... 43,347 54,390 97,737 343,309 441,046

East of Miss. River............................ 201,763 4,455 206,217 362,647 568,864

Underground .................................. 156,912 3,039 159,951 208,826 368,777

Surface ........................................... 44,851 1,416 46,266 153,821 200,087

West of Miss. River........................... 52,269 81,816 134,085 412,811 546,896

Underground .................................. 8,922 − 8,922 39,031 47,952

Surface ........................................... 43,347 81,816 125,163 373,780 498,943

Unknown2........................................... NA NA NA NA 1,775

Underground .................................. NA NA NA NA 998

Surface ........................................... NA NA NA NA 777

U.S. Total............................................ 254,032 86,271 340,302 775,458 1,117,535

Underground ..................................... 165,834 3,039 168,873 247,857 417,728

Surface .............................................. 88,198 83,232 171,430 527,601 699,807

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 19 
Table 12. Coal Disposition by State, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Open Market1 Captive2 Total State and Region

Alabama ................................................................ 21,679 395 22,074

Alaska .................................................................... 1,341 − 1,341

Arizona .................................................................. 12,169 − 12,169

Arkansas ................................................................ 19 − 19

Colorado ................................................................ 28,135 1,742 29,876

Illinois ................................................................... 40,082 80 40,162

Indiana ................................................................... 36,700 − 36,700

Kansas ................................................................... 334 − 334

Kentucky Total ..................................................... 149,687 284 149,971

Eastern ................................................................ 117,275 284 117,559

Western .............................................................. 32,412 − 32,412

Louisiana ............................................................... 3,331 − 3,331

Maryland ............................................................... 4,029 − 4,029

Missouri ................................................................ 373 − 373

Montana ................................................................ 38,666 3,987 42,653

New Mexico.......................................................... 27,743 314 28,057

North Dakota ........................................................ 29,467 1,008 30,475

Ohio ....................................................................... 20,445 8,028 28,473

Oklahoma .............................................................. 1,726 − 1,726

Pennsylvania Total................................................ 78,524 1,775 80,299

Anthracite ........................................................... 3,634 1,334 4,968

Bituminous ......................................................... 74,890 441 75,331

Tennessee .............................................................. 2,532 150 2,682

Texas ..................................................................... 10,857 42,457 53,314

Utah ....................................................................... 19,800 7,593 27,393

Virginia ................................................................. 33,455 − 33,455

Washington ........................................................... 16 4,324 4,340

West Virginia Total .............................................. 172,090 2,497 174,586

Northern ............................................................. 43,379 1,132 44,511

Southern ............................................................. 128,711 1,364 130,075

Wyoming ............................................................... 300,911 14,064 314,975

Appalachian Total3 ............................................ 450,029 13,129 463,157

Interior Total3..................................................... 125,834 42,538 168,371

Western Total3.................................................... 458,248 33,032 491,280

East of Miss. River ............................................. 559,223 13,210 572,431

West of Miss. River ............................................ 474,888 75,490 550,376

Total4 .................................................................... 1,034,111 88,699 1,122,809

Unknown5 ............................................................ NA NA 778

U.S. Total ............................................................. NA NA 1,123,587

1 Open Market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers.

2 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

4 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data.

5 Includes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. NA Not available.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

20 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 13. Coal Mining Acreage, Production and Royalties from Federal

and Indian Leases by State, 1998

 Federal Leases Indian Leases

 Coal-Producing

State and Region Acres Production Royalties Acres Production Royalties

Leased (thousand short tons) (thousand dollars) Leased (thousand short tons) (thousand dollars)

Alabama ................................. 1,610 442 1,520 −− −

Arizona .................................. −− − 64,858 11,370 32,582

Colorado ................................ 62,212 23,093 35,241 −− −

Kentucky ................................ 1,593 55 99 −− −

Montana ................................. 26,562 19,061 25,807 14,746 6,956 3,135

New Mexico .......................... 14,377 5,025 16,251 36,026 10,605 24,705

North Dakota......................... 6,343 2,476 1,164 −− −

Oklahoma .............................. 9,130 695 537 −− −

Utah ....................................... 50,176 24,274 35,311 −− −

Washington ............................ 521 601 1,151 −− −

Wyoming ............................... 117,198 266,443 168,231 −− −

Appalachian Total1............. 1,610 442 1,520 −− −

Interior Total1 ..................... 10,723 750 636 −− −

Western Total1 .................... 277,389 340,973 283,156 115,630 22,671 60,422

East of Miss. River.............. 3,203 497 1,619 −− −

West of Miss. River............. 286,519 341,668 283,693 115,630 22,671 60,422

U.S. Total.............................. 289,722 342,165 285,312 115,630 22,671 60,422

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: U.S. Total for this table represents Federal and Indian Leases only. Output from Federal and Indian Lands is reported as sales volume, the

basis for royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal sold and coal added to stockpiles. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

 Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS), Mineral Revenues, 1998, Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian Leases.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 21 
Table 14. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 1998

Production Rank Mine Name/Company Mine Type State (short tons)

1 Rochelle Mine Complex/Powder River Coal Surface Wyoming 55,773,888

2 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Surface Wyoming 42,683,014

3 Cordero/Cordero Mining Surface Wyoming 36,979,323

4 Jacobs Ranch/Kerr-McGee Surface Wyoming 29,251,351

5 Caballo/Caballo Coal Surface Wyoming 25,984,949

6 Belle Ayr/Amax Coal West Surface Wyoming 22,482,740

7 Antelope/Antelope Coal Surface Wyoming 19,418,684

8 Eagle Butte/Amax Coal West Surface Wyoming 18,073,526

9 Buckskin/Triton Coal Surface Wyoming 17,141,525

10 Freedom-Coteau/Coteau Properties Surface North Dakota 16,367,511

11 Spring Creek/Spring Creek Coal Co Surface Montana 11,312,940

12 Rosebud No 6/Western Enrgy Surface Montana 10,527,056

13 West Decker/Decker Coal Surface Montana 10,475,507

14 North Antelope/Powder River Coal Surface Wyoming 8,866,044

15 Jewett/Northwestern Resources Surface Texas 8,836,861

16 Enlow Fork/Enlow Fork Mining Underground Pennsylvania 8,813,037

17 Foidel Creek/Twenty Mile Coal Underground Colorado 8,470,590

18 Navajo/BHP Minerals Surface New Mexico 8,366,120

19 Bailey No 1/CONSOL Underground Pennsylvania 8,329,437

20 Mountaineer/Mingo Logan Coal Underground West Virginia 7,525,504

21 McKinley/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Surface New Mexico 7,222,813

22 Falkirik/Falkirk Mining Surface North Dakota 7,195,966

23 Keyenta/Peabody Western Coal Surface Arizona 7,073,713

24 Coal Creek/Thunder Basin Coal Surface Wyoming 7,068,320

25 Absaloka/Morris-Knudsen Corp. Surface Montana 6,707,919

26 McElroy/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 6,648,704

27 Jim Bridger/Bridger Coal Surface Wyoming 6,439,566

28 Cumberland/Cyprus Cumberland Resources Underground Pennsylvania 6,272,179

29 Mine No 84/Eighty Four Mining Underground Pennsylvania 5,940,672

30 West Elk/Mountain Coal Underground Colorado 5,929,187

31 Colowyo/Colowyo Coal Surface Colorado 5,827,626

32 Sandow-Rockdale/ALCOA Surface Texas 5,804,125

33 Upper Big Branch/Performance Coal Underground West Virginia 5,703,853

34 Robinson Run/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 5,594,386

35 Martin Lake/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 5,570,195

36 Galatia/American Coal Company Underground Illinois 5,503,469

37 Loveridge No 22/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 5,444,740

38 Emerald No 1/Cyprus Emerald Resources Underground Pennsylvania 5,364,369

39 Rawhide/Caballo Coal Surface Wyoming 5,305,697

40 Oak Hill/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 5,273,887

41 SUFCO/Canyon Fuel Underground Utah 5,152,810

42 Samples/Catenary Coal Surface West Virginia 4,950,362

43 Big Brown/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 4,926,084

44 No 50/US Steel Mining Underground West Virginia 4,847,571

45 Shoemaker/CONSOL Underground West Virginia 4,817,084

46 Lee Ranch/Lee Ranch Coal Surface New Mexico 4,790,613

47 Federal No 2/Eastern Associated Mining Underground West Virginia 4,752,264

48 Kemmerer/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Surface Wyoming 4,736,231

49 Centralia/Centralia Mining Surface Washington 4,622,314

50 No 13 Baker/Lodestar Energy Underground Kentucky 4,398,310

51 Buchanan/CONSOL Underground Virginia 4,294,596

52 Powhatan No 6/Ohio Valley Coal Underground Ohio 4,267,230

53 Dilworth/CONSOL Underground Pennsylvania 4,243,891

54 Black Mesa/Peabody Western Surface Arizona 4,241,031

55 Winfield/Texas Utilities Mining Surface Texas 4,217,916

56 Shoal Creek/Drummond Co Underground Alabama 4,180,152

57 Rend Lake/CONSOL Underground Illinois 4,097,120

58 Marissa/Peabody Coal Underground Illinois 4,065,152

59 Dave Johnston/Pacificorp Surface Wyoming 3,964,694

60 No 2/Fola Coal Surface West Virginia 3,935,828

61 Blacksville No 2/CONSOL Underground Pennsylvania 3,898,364

62 La Plata/San Juan Coal Surface New Mexico 3,865,019

63 South Hallsville No 1/Sabine Mining Surface Texas 3,816,570

64 Old Hickory/Hobet Mining Surface West Virginia 3,799,657

65 Deer Creek/Pacificorp Underground Utah 3,787,298

66 Harris No 1/Eastern Associated Coal Underground West Virginia 3,589,690

67 Center/BNI Coal Surface North Dakota 3,555,996

68 San Miguel/North American Coal Surface Texas 3,522,168

69 Crandall Canyon/Genwal Resources Underground Utah 3,517,638

* Subtotal 620,424,646

* All Other Mines 497,110,521

* U.S. Total 1,117,535,167

Notes: Major mines are mines that produced more than 3.5 million short tons in 1998. The company is the firm operating the mine.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Production Report.’’

22 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 15. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 1998

 Production Rank Company Name Percent of Total Production (thousand short tons)

1 Peabody Holding Co., Inc. 157,141 14.1

2 RTZ America Inc. 125,023 11.2

3 Arch Coal Co 88,867 8.0

4 Consol Energy Inc. 73,198 6.5

5 U S Steel Mining Co. 59,358 5.3

6 Zeigler Coal Holding Co. 32,432 2.9

7 Fluor Corp. 30,402 2.7

8 North American Coal Corp. 28,354 2.5

9 Texas Utilities Co. 28,226 2.5

10 Cyprus Minerals Co. 25,795 2.3

11 Montana Power Co. 20,609 1.8

12 Chevron Corp. 16,541 1.5

13 BHP Minerals 15,243 1.4

14 Mapco Coal Inc. 13,688 1.2

15 TECO Energy 12,248 1.1

16 Kiewit Coal Properties Inc. 10,541 .9

17 Canyon Fuel Co. 9,946 .9

18 Rochester & Pittsburg Coal Co. 9,829 .9

19 RENCoal Inc. 9,714 .9

20 AEP Service Corp. 8,964 .8

21 James River Coal Co. 8,811 .8

22 Celotex Corp. 7,409 .7

23 Pittston Coal Co. 6,726 .6

24 Westmoreland Resources Inc. 6,708 .6

25 Drummond Coal Co. 6,312 .6

26 Aluminum Co of America 5,804 .5

27 Cantenary Coal Co. 5,773 .5

28 American Coal Co. 5,503 .5

29 Indep Coal Co. 5,454 .5

30 Leslie Resources Inc. 5,237 .5

31 Coastal Corp. 5,126 .5

32 Addington Enterprise Inc. 4,848 .4

33 Hanson PLC 4,791 .4

34 Ohio Valley Resources Inc. 4,267 .4

35 Andalex Resources Inc. 4,244 .4

36 Kindill Mining Inc. 4,176 .4

37 Pyxis Resources Co. 4,061 .4

38 Fola Coal Company 3,936 .4

39 Minnesota Power & Light 3,556 .3

40 San Miguel Elec CoOp Inc. 3,522 .3

41 Genwal Resources Inc. 3,518 .3

42 General Dynamics Corp. 3,505 .3

43 Black Hills Corp. 3,281 .3

44 Pen Holdings 3,211 .3

45 MDU Resources Group Inc. 3,122 .3

46 Golden Oak Mining Co. 3,108 .3

47 Sunburst Resources Inc. 2,935 .3

48 Exxon Corp. 2,891 .3

49 Sugar Camp Coal LLC 2,815 .3

50 Union Pacific Corp. 2,806 .3

51 Sunoco Inc. 2,739 .2

52 Solar Sources Inc. 2,389 .2

53 United Minerals Co LLC 2,329 .2

* Subtotal 921,032 82.4

* All other coal producers 196,503 17.6

* U.S. Total 1,117,535 100.0

Notes: Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 2.3 million short tons in 1998. The company is

the firm owning the mineral rights to the mined coal.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’, and Financial Reporting System;

State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration,

Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 23 
Productive Capacity

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 25 
Table 16. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 19891 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 27,891 29,081 32,159 32,546 33,049 NA −4.1 −4.1 NA

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w NA w w NA

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w NA w w NA

Arkansas .............................................. w w − w w NA w w NA

California ............................................. − − − − − NA − − NA

Colorado .............................................. 36,658 35,466 29,330 32,435 31,075 NA 3.4 4.2 NA

Illinois .................................................. 47,625 51,523 61,727 56,627 69,414 NA −7.6 −9.0 NA

Indiana ................................................. 42,190 36,999 35,564 35,256 38,931 NA 14.0 2.0 NA

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − w NA − − NA

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w NA w w NA

Kentucky Total .................................... 186,737 195,453 189,225 203,173 213,427 NA −4.4 −3.3 NA

Eastern .............................................. 145,305 152,681 145,691 152,111 161,731 NA −4.8 −2.6 NA

Western ............................................. 41,433 42,771 43,534 51,062 51,696 NA −3.1 −5.4 NA

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w NA w w NA

Maryland.............................................. 4,250 4,884 4,935 4,408 4,332 NA −13.0 −.5 NA

Missouri ............................................... 851 690 1,046 1,081 1,209 NA 23.4 −8.4 NA

Montana ............................................... 55,882 56,140 56,175 51,597 51,104 NA −.4 2.3 NA

New Mexico ........................................ 32,790 31,604 32,695 32,760 32,807 NA 3.8 * NA

North Dakota ....................................... 32,484 32,568 32,184 34,464 35,920 NA −.3 −2.5 NA

Ohio ..................................................... 33,691 33,443 37,584 34,011 43,925 NA .7 −6.4 NA

Oklahoma............................................. 1,981 2,451 1,981 2,557 2,251 NA −19.2 −3.1 NA

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 94,511 87,527 81,684 77,187 80,975 NA 8.0 3.9 NA

Anthracite.......................................... 6,827 5,504 5,504 6,547 5,776 NA 24.0 4.3 NA

Bituminous........................................ 87,684 82,024 76,180 70,640 75,200 NA 6.9 3.9 NA

Tennessee............................................. 4,144 4,100 4,009 3,750 3,409 NA 1.1 5.0 NA

Texas.................................................... 54,475 54,614 59,604 54,758 55,856 NA −.3 −.6 NA

Utah...................................................... 33,838 30,281 30,230 30,888 27,640 NA 11.7 5.2 NA

Virginia ................................................ 38,884 43,023 41,593 43,037 46,462 NA −9.6 −4.3 NA

Washington .......................................... w w w w w NA w w NA

West Virginia Total............................. 203,401 203,006 217,409 204,837 201,684 NA .2 .2 NA

Northern ............................................ 48,756 50,744 54,602 56,355 59,295 NA −3.9 −4.8 NA

Southern ............................................ 154,644 152,262 162,807 148,482 142,388 NA 1.6 2.1 NA

Wyoming ............................................. 379,380 366,680 350,908 337,184 321,046 NA 3.5 4.3 NA

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 552,075 557,745 565,064 551,888 575,568 NA −1.0 −1.0 NA

Interior Total2 ................................... 192,784 193,720 207,658 205,393 223,897 NA −.5 −3.7 NA

Western Total2 .................................. 591,271 574,139 551,990 541,773 521,191 NA 3.0 3.2 NA

East of Miss. River............................ 683,324 689,038 705,890 694,832 735,609 NA −.8 −1.8 NA

West of Miss. River........................... 652,807 636,566 618,823 604,222 585,047 NA 2.5 2.8 NA

U.S. Total............................................ 1,336,130 1,325,604 1,324,712 1,299,054 1,320,656 NA .8 .3 NA

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

26 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 17. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Percent)

 Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 19891

State and Region

Alabama .................................................. 82.45 84.05 76.57 75.52 70.19 NA

Alaska ..................................................... w w w w w NA

Arizona .................................................... w w w w w NA

Arkansas .................................................. w w − w w NA

California ................................................ −−−−− NA

Colorado .................................................. 80.83 77.39 84.85 79.27 81.41 NA

Illinois ..................................................... 83.43 79.87 75.58 85.08 76.06 NA

Indiana .................................................... 87.19 95.94 83.42 73.70 79.37 NA

Iowa ........................................................ −−−− w NA

Kansas ..................................................... w w w w w NA

Kentucky Total ....................................... 80.06 79.62 80.38 75.49 75.54 NA

Eastern .................................................. 79.74 79.05 80.07 77.71 76.70 NA

Western ................................................ 81.17 81.63 81.40 68.89 71.89 NA

Louisiana ................................................. w w w w w NA

Maryland ................................................. 94.88 84.80 82.42 82.65 83.07 NA

Missouri .................................................. 39.15 57.36 67.85 49.88 69.35 NA

Montana .................................................. 76.66 73.03 67.45 76.44 81.47 NA

New Mexico ........................................... 87.21 85.51 73.61 81.85 85.47 NA

North Dakota .......................................... 92.08 90.82 92.78 87.37 89.88 NA

Ohio ........................................................ 83.13 87.07 75.88 76.55 67.87 NA

Oklahoma ................................................ 83.36 65.87 85.16 73.14 83.98 NA

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 85.28 86.46 82.53 78.81 75.89 NA

Anthracite ............................................. 73.57 80.95 82.56 67.12 74.02 NA

Bituminous ........................................... 86.19 86.83 82.53 79.89 76.03 NA

Tennessee ................................................ 64.52 80.26 90.32 85.51 87.27 NA

Texas ....................................................... 96.53 97.64 92.55 96.21 93.72 NA

Utah ......................................................... 77.06 88.09 90.97 81.48 88.27 NA

Virginia ................................................... 86.29 83.09 85.34 79.07 79.61 NA

Washington ............................................. w w w w w NA

West Virginia Total................................ 84.07 85.50 78.32 79.50 80.07 NA

Northern ............................................... 91.39 84.23 83.95 81.70 83.04 NA

Southern ............................................... 81.76 85.92 76.43 78.67 78.83 NA

Wyoming ................................................ 82.87 76.87 79.35 78.24 73.85 NA

Appalachian Total2 .............................. 83.09 83.67 79.75 78.53 77.07 NA

Interior Total2 ...................................... 87.30 88.18 83.20 82.01 80.29 NA

Western Total2...................................... 82.66 78.60 79.55 79.29 78.33 NA

East of Miss. River ............................... 83.25 83.92 79.68 78.11 76.73 NA

West of Miss. River.............................. 83.78 80.20 80.82 80.88 79.85 NA

U.S. Total............................................... 83.51 82.13 80.21 79.40 78.11 NA

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity, as well as capacity utilization, is not available for that year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes

silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which

are not required to provide data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 27 
Table 18. Production, Productive Capacity, and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and Mine

Type, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Production Utilization Production Utilization Production Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ......................................... 17,316 21,156 81.85 5,680 6,735 84.34 22,996 27,891 82.45

Alaska ............................................ −−− 1,344 w w 1,344 w w

Arizona .......................................... −−− 11,315 w w 11,315 w w

Arkansas ........................................ −−− 19 w w 19 w w

Colorado ........................................ 19,705 26,331 74.84 9,926 10,328 96.11 29,631 36,658 80.83

Illinois ............................................ 35,251 40,073 87.97 4,482 7,552 59.34 39,732 47,625 83.43

Indiana ........................................... 3,445 w w 33,343 w w 36,788 42,190 87.19

Kansas ............................................ −−− 341 w w 341 w w

Kentucky Total.............................. 92,166 112,829 81.69 57,331 73,908 77.57 149,497 186,737 80.06

Eastern ........................................ 66,399 83,056 79.94 49,466 62,248 79.47 115,865 145,305 79.74

Western ....................................... 25,767 29,773 86.55 7,864 11,660 67.45 33,631 41,433 81.17

Louisiana ....................................... −−− 3,216 w w 3,216 w w

Maryland ........................................ 3,325 w w 707 w w 4,032 4,250 94.88

Missouri ......................................... −−− 333 851 39.15 333 851 39.15

Montana ......................................... −−− 42,840 55,882 76.66 42,840 55,882 76.66

New Mexico.................................. 203 w w 28,394 w w 28,597 32,790 87.21

North Dakota................................. −−− 29,912 32,484 92.08 29,912 32,484 92.08

Ohio ............................................... 14,604 15,932 91.66 13,402 17,759 75.47 28,006 33,691 83.13

Oklahoma ...................................... 247 w w 1,405 w w 1,651 1,981 83.36

Pennsylvania Total........................ 59,473 66,763 89.08 21,122 27,748 76.12 80,595 94,511 85.28

Anthracite ................................... 342 567 60.37 4,681 6,260 74.77 5,023 6,827 73.57

Bituminous ................................. 59,131 66,196 89.33 16,441 21,487 76.51 75,572 87,684 86.19

Tennessee ...................................... 1,046 w w 1,628 w w 2,673 4,144 64.52

Texas .............................................. −−− 52,583 54,475 96.53 52,583 54,475 96.53

Utah ............................................... 26,075 33,838 77.06 −−− 26,075 33,838 77.06

Virginia .......................................... 25,057 27,606 90.77 8,496 11,278 75.33 33,552 38,884 86.29

Washington .................................... −−− 4,638 w w 4,638 w w

West Virginia Total ...................... 117,095 133,918 87.44 53,897 69,483 77.57 170,992 203,401 84.07

Northern ...................................... 39,219 41,656 94.15 5,341 7,100 75.22 44,560 48,756 91.39

Southern ...................................... 77,876 92,261 84.41 48,556 62,383 77.84 126,432 154,644 81.76

Wyoming ....................................... 1,723 w w 312,676 w w 314,399 379,380 82.87

Appalachian Total1..................... 304,315 353,830 86.01 154,398 198,246 77.88 458,713 552,075 83.09

Interior Total1 ............................. 64,709 74,035 87.40 103,586 118,749 87.23 168,295 192,784 87.30

Western Total1 ............................ 47,706 64,299 74.19 441,046 526,972 83.69 488,752 591,271 82.66

East of Miss. River...................... 368,777 427,505 86.26 200,087 255,819 78.21 568,864 683,324 83.25

West of Miss. River..................... 47,952 64,659 74.16 498,943 588,148 84.83 546,896 652,807 83.78

Unknown2 .................................... 998 NA NA 777 NA NA 1,775 NA NA

U.S. Total...................................... 417,728 492,164 84.67 699,807 843,967 82.83 1,117,535 1,336,130 83.51

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Coal production excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

28 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 19. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines

by State and Mining Method, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Continuous1 Conventional1 Longwall1 Other1 2

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama......................................... w w w w 14,551 83.52 1,919 74.27

Colorado ........................................ w w − − 17,886 76.90 w w

Illinois............................................ 29,010 83.72 w w w w − −

Indiana ........................................... w w − − − − − −

Kentucky Total.............................. 92,878 81.66 w w 11,179 71.73 w w

Eastern ........................................ 70,205 80.44 w w w w w w

Western ....................................... 22,673 85.42 − − w w − −

Maryland ........................................ w w − − w w − −

New Mexico.................................. w w − − − − − −

Ohio ............................................... 4,741 85.37 − − 11,191 94.33 − −

Oklahoma ...................................... w w − − − − − −

Pennsylvania Total........................ 24,184 73.80 w w 42,046 98.22 w w

Anthracite ................................... w w w w − − w w

Bituminous ................................. w w w w 42,046 98.22 − −

Tennessee ...................................... w w w w − − − −

Utah ............................................... w w w w 23,262 81.44 − −

Virginia.......................................... 16,615 87.01 w w w w − −

West Virginia Total ...................... 82,361 82.31 5,022 96.76 46,527 95.51 8 68.19

Northern...................................... 12,170 84.44 1,618 99.54 27,869 98.08 − −

Southern...................................... 70,191 81.94 3,404 95.44 18,658 91.69 8 68.19

Wyoming ....................................... w w − − w w − −

Appalachian Total3..................... 205,506 80.80 w w w w w w

Interior Total3 ............................. 55,872 84.74 − − w w − −

Western Total3 ............................ 15,703 65.78 w w 44,682 76.89 w w

East of Miss. River...................... 261,019 81.66 w w 146,195 93.50 w w

West of Miss. River..................... 16,063 65.84 w w 44,682 76.89 w w

U.S. Total...................................... 277,082 80.74 21,158 92.88 190,877 89.61 3,047 76.15

1 Calculated by multiplying reported mining method percentages by the individual mine capacity.

2 Includes shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading and unknown.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 29 
Table 20. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State and

Coal Rank, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama......................................... 27,891 82.45 − − − − − −

Alaska............................................ − − w w − − − −

Arizona .......................................... w w − − − − − −

Arkansas ........................................ − − − − − − w w

Colorado ........................................ 26,731 74.92 9,928 96.74 −−−−

Illinois............................................ 47,625 83.43 − − − − − −

Indiana ........................................... 42,190 87.19 − − − − − −

Kansas............................................ w w − − − − − −

Kentucky Total.............................. 186,737 80.06 − − − − − −

Eastern ........................................ 145,305 79.74 − − − − − −

Western....................................... 41,433 81.17 − − − − − −

Louisiana ....................................... − − − − w w − −

Maryland........................................ 4,250 94.88 − − − − − −

Missouri......................................... 851 39.15 − − − − − −

Montana......................................... − − w w w w − −

New Mexico.................................. w w w w − − − −

North Dakota................................. − − − − 32,484 92.08 − −

Ohio ............................................... 33,691 83.13 − − − − − −

Oklahoma ...................................... 1,981 83.36 − − − − − −

Pennsylvania Total........................ 87,684 86.19 −−−− 6,827 73.57

Anthracite ................................... − − − − − − 6,827 73.57

Bituminous ................................. 87,684 86.19 − − − − − −

Tennessee ...................................... 4,144 64.52 − − − − − −

Texas .............................................. w w − − w w − −

Utah ............................................... 33,838 77.06 − − − − − −

Virginia.......................................... 38,884 86.29 − − − − − −

Washington.................................... w w w w − − − −

West Virginia Total ...................... 203,401 84.07 −−−−−−

Northern...................................... 48,756 91.39 − − − − − −

Southern...................................... 154,644 81.76 − − − − − −

Wyoming ....................................... w w w w − − − −

Appalachian Total1..................... 545,248 83.21 −−−− 6,827 73.57

Interior Total1 ............................. w w − − w w w w

Western Total1 ............................ w w 461,434 83.39 w w − −

East of Miss. River...................... 676,496 83.35 −−−− 6,827 73.57

West of Miss. River..................... 100,422 74.81 461,434 83.39 90,932 94.32 w w

U.S. Total...................................... 776,918 82.18 461,434 83.39 90,932 94.32 2 6,827 2 73.57

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Does not include Arkansas. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Refer to the Classification of Coals by Rank table in Appendix C for coal rank definitions. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal

that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive

capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania

anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due

to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

30 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 21. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State

and Mine Production Range, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons, Percent)

Capacity

 Productive Capacity Utilization

(percent)

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range

State and Region (thousand short tons)

 1,000 500 200 100 10 1,000 500 200 100 10

and to to to to and to to to to

over 1,000 500 200 100 over 1,000 500 200 100

Alabama ............................................... 21,795 w 2,603 w w 82.42 w 94.20 w w

Alaska .................................................. w − − − − w − − − −

Arizona ................................................ w − − − − w − − − −

Arkansas .............................................. − − − − w − − − − w

Colorado .............................................. 34,538 − 2,120 − − 82.40 − 55.27 − −

Illinois .................................................. 42,118 w w − w 84.38 w w − w

Indiana ................................................. 29,514 9,217 2,853 w w 91.02 77.46 82.39 w w

Kansas .................................................. −−− w −−−− w −

Kentucky Total .................................... 55,827 62,353 35,010 15,162 18,386 88.92 85.36 83.16 71.27 36.54

Eastern .............................................. 33,835 48,434 30,446 14,314 18,276 86.65 89.49 85.51 73.80 36.15

Western ............................................. 21,993 13,919 4,564 848 110 92.41 70.97 67.46 28.41 100.00

Louisiana .............................................. w w −−− w w −−−

Maryland .............................................. w − w w 435 w − w w 76.10

Missouri ............................................... −−− w w −−− w w

Montana ............................................... 55,434 − w − − 76.69 − w − −

New Mexico ........................................ 32,340 − 450 − − 87.80 − 45.07 − −

North Dakota ....................................... 32,484 − − − − 92.08 − − − −

Ohio ..................................................... 18,892 4,852 5,730 1,746 2,470 86.99 88.55 76.70 89.09 53.63

Oklahoma ............................................. − 700 w 189 w − 91.53 w 85.61 w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 51,473 12,876 12,687 8,632 8,844 94.14 82.88 78.05 66.16 66.19

Anthracite .......................................... − w 1,025 2,315 2,110 − w 86.30 57.91 68.28

Bituminous ........................................ 51,473 w 11,662 6,317 6,734 94.14 w 77.33 69.19 65.54

Tennessee ............................................. − w 1,178 748 w − w 83.72 68.71 w

Texas .................................................... 53,550 − w − − 97.24 − w − −

Utah ...................................................... 28,450 w 628 1,000 600 80.80 w 100.00 16.85 16.20

Virginia ................................................ w w 12,678 6,622 4,342 w w 86.38 78.32 71.50

Washington .......................................... w − − − w w − − − w

West Virginia Total............................. 111,223 45,005 26,024 12,318 8,831 89.71 80.68 80.65 70.74 58.96

Northern ............................................ 35,121 6,092 4,023 2,188 1,332 94.79 78.93 91.99 86.90 64.29

Southern ............................................ 76,102 38,913 22,000 10,130 7,498 87.36 80.95 78.57 67.24 58.01

Wyoming ............................................. 351,280 w w − w w w 21.14 − w

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 247,673 120,389 91,647 45,605 46,762 89.63 85.83 82.94 72.80 51.73

Interior Total1 ................................... 149,924 28,476 11,261 w w 91.41 74.49 73.65 w w

Western Total1 .................................. 554,748 11,160 5,647 w w 86.80 36.58 48.79 w w

East of Miss. River............................ 341,297 147,065 101,011 46,694 47,257 89.28 83.58 82.20 72.14 51.87

West of Miss. River........................... 611,048 12,960 7,544 2,160 19,095 87.69 43.96 53.36 44.74 1.91

U.S. Total............................................ 952,345 160,025 108,554 48,854 66,352 88.26 80.37 80.20 70.92 37.49

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 31 
Table 22. Productive Capacity and Productivity of Coal Mines by State and

Capacity Utilization Range, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons, Short Tons per Miner per Hour)

 Productive Capacity Productivity

Capacity Utilization Range

 Coal-Producing (percent)

State and Region

 90 80 70 60 Less 90 80 70 60 Less

 and to to to than Total and to to to than Total

over 90 80 70 60 over 90 80 70 60

Alabama .................................................. 10,058 7,859 w w 968 27,891 2.89 2.29 1.75 2.36 0.43 2.33

Alaska ..................................................... −−−− w w −−−− 5.45 5.45

Arizona .................................................... w w −−− w 7.44 6.61 −−− 6.43

Arkansas .................................................. w −−−− w 1.95 −−−− 1.95

Colorado .................................................. 18,738 9,520 − w w 36,658 9.62 8.90 − 5.36 4.67 8.47

Illinois ..................................................... 22,272 w 11,477 w 4,600 47,625 4.51 3.90 4.88 4.48 2.06 4.23

Indiana .................................................... 16,044 w w w 750 42,190 5.17 5.48 6.56 5.19 1.25 5.31

Kansas ..................................................... w −−−− w 7.49 −−−− 7.49

Kentucky Total ....................................... 91,211 39,393 12,725 9,823 33,585 186,737 4.41 4.49 4.35 3.55 1.23 3.73

Eastern .................................................. 70,868 30,453 12,725 5,273 25,985 145,305 4.29 4.56 4.35 3.18 1.06 3.64

Western ................................................ 20,343 8,940 − 4,550 7,600 41,433 4.92 4.25 − 4.10 1.86 4.05

Louisiana ................................................. − w −−− w − 9.59 −−− 9.59

Maryland ................................................. 3,590 w 350 w 240 4,250 5.35 2.97 2.32 3.97 .60 3.97

Missouri .................................................. w −−− w 851 1.70 −−− 3.23 2.49

Montana .................................................. 12,000 w w 21,134 − 55,882 50.20 31.09 21.80 19.90 − 26.11

New Mexico ........................................... 20,480 w w w w 32,790 9.93 4.82 11.05 4.77 5.78 8.68

North Dakota .......................................... 24,000 − 8,484 − − 32,484 18.94 − 13.25 − − 17.36

Ohio ........................................................ 15,892 6,087 6,301 2,886 2,525 33,691 3.81 3.91 3.99 3.57 1.32 3.63

Oklahoma ................................................ 700 w 120 w − 1,981 5.66 2.83 3.39 2.18 − 3.37

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 67,056 4,158 3,078 4,107 16,112 94,511 4.64 3.69 3.70 2.77 1.29 3.71

Anthracite ............................................. 3,414 418 w w 1,990 6,827 3.92 5.27 2.09 1.76 .39 1.75

Bituminous ........................................... 63,643 3,740 w w 14,122 87,684 4.68 3.57 3.91 3.26 1.69 4.01

Tennessee ................................................ 1,243 366 w w 1,140 4,144 3.51 2.34 4.48 3.30 .67 2.61

Texas ....................................................... 46,950 w − − w 54,475 10.10 10.88 − − 4.88 10.13

Utah ......................................................... 7,838 14,900 − w w 33,838 7.58 9.05 − 3.37 3.73 6.42

Virginia ................................................... 22,328 9,023 1,907 1,154 4,472 38,884 3.32 3.53 2.78 3.09 .52 2.76

Washington ............................................. w −−−− w 4.71 −−−− 4.71

West Virginia Total................................ 119,819 32,614 12,307 5,783 32,877 203,401 5.68 5.15 4.39 4.44 1.48 4.50

Northern ............................................... 37,136 4,195 2,511 1,248 3,666 48,756 5.05 5.85 5.18 4.40 1.74 4.70

Southern ............................................... 82,682 28,419 9,796 4,535 29,211 154,644 6.01 5.06 4.23 4.45 1.45 4.44

Wyoming ................................................ 257,800 25,000 w w 73,480 379,380 41.06 44.39 56.02 2.44 21.38 39.16

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 310,854 90,611 39,648 26,645 84,318 552,075 4.60 4.14 3.77 3.07 1.19 3.72

Interior Total1 ...................................... 106,799 41,509 19,118 11,069 14,290 192,784 6.27 5.44 5.42 4.27 1.95 5.46

Western Total1...................................... 350,095 66,520 52,732 30,994 90,930 591,271 24.32 13.36 23.12 9.19 10.20 19.37

East of Miss. River ............................... 369,513 120,543 58,646 37,353 97,268 683,324 4.63 4.28 4.19 3.37 1.26 3.85

West of Miss. River.............................. 398,235 78,096 52,852 31,354 92,270 652,807 20.60 12.42 22.83 8.85 9.96 17.39

U.S. Total............................................... 767,748 198,639 111,498 68,707 189,538 1,336,130 7.73 5.79 6.85 4.68 2.13 6.22

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Productive capacity is the

maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations

except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours,

which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

32 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 23. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State

and Recoverable Reserves Range, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Recoverable Reserves Range

(million short tons)

Coal-Producing 50 and over 10 to 50 0 to 10 Total

State and Region

 Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ......................................... 10,326 72.66 9,329 90.19 8,235 85.96 27,891 82.45

Alaska ............................................ w w −− −− w w

Arizona .......................................... w w − − ww ww

Arkansas ........................................ −− −− 19 100.00 19 100.00

Colorado ........................................ 21,838 92.62 10,420 58.70 4,400 74.72 36,658 80.83

Illinois ............................................ 13,603 95.06 21,654 81.12 12,367 74.68 47,625 83.43

Indiana ........................................... − − 26,336 88.94 15,854 84.30 42,190 87.19

Kansas ............................................ −− −− ww ww

Kentucky Total.............................. 11,649 97.21 34,974 81.53 140,115 78.26 186,737 80.06

Eastern ........................................ w w w w 117,898 78.99 145,305 79.74

Western ....................................... w w w w 22,217 74.41 41,433 81.17

Louisiana ....................................... w w w w − − w w

Maryland ........................................ − − w w w w 4,250 94.88

Missouri ......................................... −− −− 851 39.15 851 39.15

Montana ......................................... w w w w − − 55,882 76.66

New Mexico.................................. w w w w 450 45.07 32,790 87.21

North Dakota................................. 32,484 92.08 −− −− 32,484 92.08

Ohio ............................................... w w w w 18,978 79.50 33,691 83.13

Oklahoma ...................................... − − w w w w 1,981 83.36

Pennsylvania Total........................ 24,360 97.97 27,894 91.35 42,257 73.95 94,511 85.28

Anthracite ................................... − − w w w w 6,827 73.57

Bituminous ................................. 24,360 97.97 w w w w 87,684 86.19

Tennessee ...................................... −− −− w w 4,144 64.52

Texas .............................................. 39,220 97.05 w w w w 54,475 96.53

Utah ............................................... w w 13,585 85.63 w w 33,838 77.06

Virginia .......................................... − − 7,679 94.63 31,205 84.24 38,884 86.29

Washington .................................... − − ww ww ww

West Virginia Total ...................... 31,421 95.59 61,826 85.23 110,154 80.13 203,401 84.07

Northern ...................................... 22,409 97.85 11,776 88.69 14,571 83.66 48,756 91.39

Southern ...................................... 9,011 89.99 50,050 84.42 95,583 79.59 154,644 81.76

Wyoming ....................................... 356,700 83.65 − − 22,680 70.59 379,380 82.87

Appalachian Total1..................... 72,073 92.43 146,207 87.29 333,795 79.23 552,075 83.09

Interior Total1 ............................. 66,022 96.02 65,476 86.01 61,286 79.27 192,784 87.30

Western Total1 ............................ 517,836 83.81 39,936 75.97 33,499 72.88 591,271 82.66

East of Miss. River...................... 96,125 93.32 202,965 86.49 384,234 79.02 683,324 83.25

West of Miss. River..................... 559,806 84.73 48,654 79.60 44,346 76.36 652,807 83.78

U.S. Total...................................... 655,931 85.99 251,619 85.16 428,580 78.74 1,336,130 83.51

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the

ratio of total production to productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge

operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may

not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 33 
Table 24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State,

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Alabama ........................................ 19,436 82.58 − − 8,454 82.15 27,891 82.45

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 21,156 81.85

Surface ..................................... w w − − w w 6,735 84.34

Alaska ........................................... − − w w − − w w

Surface ..................................... − − w w − − w w

Arizona ......................................... w w −−−− w w

Surface ..................................... w w −−−− w w

Arkansas....................................... − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Colorado ....................................... w w w w 27,158 87.70 36,658 80.83

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 26,331 74.84

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 10,328 96.11

Illinois........................................... 28,034 81.26 w w w w 47,625 83.43

Underground............................ 24,214 86.59 w w w w 40,073 87.97

Surface..................................... 3,820 47.49 w w w w 7,552 59.34

Indiana .......................................... 13,726 90.90 − − 28,464 85.41 42,190 87.19

Underground............................ w w − − w w w w

Surface..................................... w w − − w w w w

Kansas........................................... − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Kentucky Total............................ w w w w 166,172 81.91 186,737 80.06

Underground ............................ w w w w 95,711 85.34 112,829 81.69

Surface ..................................... w w w w 70,461 77.25 73,908 77.57

Eastern ....................................... w w w w 136,785 81.95 145,305 79.74

Underground............................ w w w w w w 83,056 79.94

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 62,248 79.47

Western ...................................... w w − − 29,387 81.70 41,433 81.17

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 29,773 86.55

Surface ..................................... w w − − w w 11,660 67.45

Louisiana ...................................... − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Maryland...................................... − − − − 4,250 94.88 4,250 94.88

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Missouri........................................ − − − − 851 39.15 851 39.15

Surface..................................... − − − − 851 39.15 851 39.15

Montana........................................ 19,800 70.52 w w w w 55,882 76.66

Surface..................................... 19,800 70.52 w w w w w w

New Mexico.................................. w w w w w w 32,790 87.21

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... w w w w w w w w

North Dakota ............................... w w w w w w 32,484 92.08

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 32,484 92.08

Ohio ............................................... 16,127 91.26 − − 17,564 75.66 33,691 83.13

Underground ............................ 12,992 94.67 − − 2,940 78.37 15,932 91.66

Surface ..................................... 3,135 77.13 − − 14,624 75.11 17,759 75.47

Oklahoma ..................................... − − − − 1,981 83.36 1,981 83.36

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Pennsylvania Total...................... w w w w 54,589 80.36 94,511 85.28

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 66,763 89.08

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 27,748 76.12

Anthracite.................................. w w w w 4,293 82.02 6,827 73.57

Underground............................ − − − − w w 567 60.37

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 6,260 74.77

Bituminous ................................ 37,387 94.22 − − 50,297 80.22 87,684 86.19

Underground ............................ 35,412 96.30 − − 30,784 81.30 66,196 89.33

Surface ..................................... 1,975 56.92 − − 19,512 78.50 21,487 76.51

Tennessee...................................... − − − − 4,144 64.52 4,144 64.52

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... − − − − wwww

Texas ............................................. − − 27,879 98.38 26,596 94.59 54,475 96.53

Surface ..................................... − − 27,879 98.38 26,596 94.59 54,475 96.53

Utah ............................................... w w − − w w 33,838 77.06

Underground ............................ w w − − w w 33,838 77.06

Virginia ......................................... w w w w 31,099 84.97 38,884 86.29

Underground ............................ w w 897 88.18 w w 27,606 90.77

Surface..................................... w w w w w w 11,278 75.33

See footnotes at end of table.

34 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 24. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State,

Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity State and Region Productive Productive Productive Productive Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Washington .................................. − − w w w w w w

Surface..................................... − − w w w w w w

West Virginia Total .................... 91,739 87.14 − − 111,662 81.54 203,401 84.07

Underground ............................ 66,737 88.87 − − 67,181 86.01 133,918 87.44

Surface ..................................... 25,002 82.51 − − 44,481 74.79 69,483 77.57

Northern .................................... 30,532 97.54 − − 18,224 81.10 48,756 91.39

Underground ............................ 30,532 97.54 − − 11,125 84.85 41,656 94.15

Surface..................................... − − − − 7,100 75.22 7,100 75.22

Southern .................................... 61,207 81.95 − − 93,438 81.63 154,644 81.76

Underground ............................ 36,205 81.56 − − 56,056 86.25 92,261 84.41

Surface ..................................... 25,002 82.51 − − 37,381 74.71 62,383 77.84

Wyoming ...................................... w w w w 363,530 82.30 379,380 82.87

Underground............................ − − − − wwww

Surface..................................... w w w w w w w w

Appalachian Total1..................... 181,889 86.25 1,639 88.28 368,547 81.50 552,075 83.09

Underground ............................ w w w w 208,594 84.65 353,830 86.01

Surface ..................................... w w w w 159,953 77.40 198,246 77.88

Interior Total1 ............................. 53,806 83.41 31,794 95.72 107,185 86.75 192,784 87.30

Underground ............................ w w w w 35,865 90.61 74,035 87.40

Surface ..................................... w w w w 71,319 84.80 118,749 87.23

Western Total1 ............................ 66,384 78.74 66,046 82.35 458,840 83.27 591,271 82.66

Underground ............................ 13,600 65.60 − − 50,699 76.50 64,299 74.19

Surface ..................................... 52,784 82.12 66,046 82.35 408,142 84.12 526,972 83.69

East of Miss. River...................... 235,695 85.60 5,554 80.20 442,074 82.03 683,324 83.25

Underground............................ 179,972 87.19 3,434 88.51 244,099 85.55 427,505 86.26

Surface..................................... 55,723 80.49 2,121 66.75 197,975 77.70 255,819 78.21

West of Miss. River..................... 66,384 78.74 93,925 87.11 492,498 83.82 652,807 83.78

Underground ............................ 13,600 65.60 − − 51,059 76.44 64,659 74.16

Surface ..................................... 52,784 82.12 93,925 87.11 441,439 84.67 588,148 84.83

U.S. Total...................................... 302,079 84.09 99,479 86.72 934,572 82.97 1,336,130 83.51

Underground............................... 193,572 85.67 3,434 88.51 295,158 83.97 492,164 84.67

Surface ........................................ 108,507 81.28 96,046 86.66 639,414 82.51 843,967 82.83

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required

to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 35 
Recoverable Coal

Reserves at Producing

Mines

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 37 
38 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

5

10

15

20

25

Billion Short Tons

Total

Surface

Underground

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report"; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports

and/or U.S. Department of Labor, MIne Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal

Production Report."

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

5

10

15

20

25

Billion Short Tons

Total

Western

Appalachian

Interior

Figure 1. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1989-1998
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 39

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Percent

Total

Surface

Underground

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

50

60

70

80

90

100

Percent

Total

Western

Appalachian

Interior

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report"; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports

and/or U.S. Department of Labor, MIne Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal

Production Report."

Figure 2. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Type and by Region, 1989-1998
Table 25. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Million Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 374 374 452 510 457 508 −0.2 −4.9 −3.3

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. − − − www −− −

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. 540 568 642 692 676 662 −4.8 −5.5 −2.2

Illinois .................................................. 744 745 891 882 963 1,381 −.1 −6.3 −6.6

Indiana ................................................. 313 393 386 324 304 475 −20.3 .7 −4.5

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − w w −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 1,175 1,331 1,255 1,279 1,365 1,513 −11.7 −3.7 −2.8

Eastern .............................................. 755 965 818 763 809 933 −21.8 −1.7 −2.3

Western ............................................. 421 366 437 516 556 580 14.9 −6.8 −3.5

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. 64 68 71 58 89 87 −5.1 −7.7 −3.3

Missouri ............................................... 3 1 3 2 12 w 187.8 −29.8 w

Montana ............................................... 1,191 1,168 1,309 1,251 1,283 1,514 2.0 −1.8 −2.6

New Mexico ........................................ 1,385 1,415 1,436 1,480 1,458 1,411 −2.1 −1.3 −.2

North Dakota ....................................... 1,170 1,211 1,301 1,668 1,695 1,361 −3.4 −8.8 −1.7

Ohio ..................................................... 356 318 415 468 479 815 11.8 −7.1 −8.8

Oklahoma............................................. 18 24 19 19 43 24 −22.8 −19.3 −2.9

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 775 905 796 737 913 1,184 −14.4 −4.0 −4.6

Anthracite.......................................... 88 120 90 49 38 60 −27.0 23.4 4.3

Bituminous........................................ 687 785 706 687 875 1,124 −12.5 −5.9 −5.3

Tennessee............................................. 27 57 59 68 42 72 −52.5 −10.5 −10.3

Texas.................................................... 791 922 878 940 1,026 1,135 −14.2 −6.3 −3.9

Utah...................................................... 433 433 284 375 423 519 .1 .6 −2.0

Virginia ................................................ 187 208 188 203 237 420 −10.1 −5.7 −8.6

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 1,908 1,737 1,731 1,731 1,830 2,313 9.8 1.0 −2.1

Northern ............................................ 857 714 741 782 861 1,183 19.9 −.1 −3.5

Southern ............................................ 1,051 1,023 990 949 969 1,131 2.8 2.1 −.8

Wyoming ............................................. 7,220 6,465 6,591 6,724 6,999 6,288 11.7 .8 1.5

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4,445 4,632 4,530 4,538 4,855 6,331 −4.0 −2.2 −3.8

Interior Total1 ................................... 2,428 2,591 2,757 2,835 3,069 3,907 −6.3 −5.7 −5.1

Western Total1 .................................. 12,438 11,941 12,141 12,732 13,093 12,442 4.2 −1.3 *

East of Miss. River............................ 5,923 6,136 6,244 6,260 6,679 8,767 −3.5 −3.0 −4.3

West of Miss. River........................... 13,389 13,029 13,184 13,845 14,337 13,913 2.8 −1.7 −.4

U.S. Total............................................ 19,311 19,164 19,428 20,105 21,017 22,680 .8 −2.1 −1.8

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

40 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 26. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Coal Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998

 Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 State and Region

Alabama .................................................. 54.15 54.81 55.56 58.74 60.20 62.84

Alaska ..................................................... w w w w w w

Arizona .................................................... w w w w w w

Arkansas .................................................. −−− www

California ................................................ −−−−− w

Colorado .................................................. 81.40 80.43 79.12 66.06 77.12 67.16

Illinois ..................................................... 53.48 53.49 54.20 52.05 52.92 49.37

Indiana .................................................... 76.46 76.35 78.85 76.23 72.75 71.23

Iowa ........................................................ −−−− w w

Kansas ..................................................... w w w w w w

Kentucky Total ....................................... 59.89 60.91 58.99 57.71 59.45 64.81

Eastern .................................................. 62.45 63.14 62.59 60.87 62.60 68.19

Western ................................................ 55.29 55.02 52.27 53.03 54.86 59.39

Louisiana ................................................. w w w w w w

Maryland ................................................. 60.39 57.36 61.45 58.34 55.50 71.53

Missouri .................................................. 87.46 60.73 59.87 61.04 81.48 w

Montana .................................................. 90.98 90.27 89.05 90.38 90.51 89.97

New Mexico ........................................... 93.43 93.42 93.35 92.62 92.42 93.66

North Dakota .......................................... 88.38 89.84 89.72 89.58 89.84 90.04

Ohio ........................................................ 70.78 63.89 71.61 68.73 67.81 69.34

Oklahoma ................................................ 66.01 69.34 65.94 62.39 63.89 86.63

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 64.29 65.17 65.59 65.26 68.23 68.30

Anthracite ............................................. 54.61 47.72 59.90 64.39 65.06 50.76

Bituminous ........................................... 65.53 67.85 66.32 65.32 68.37 69.24

Tennessee ................................................ 71.35 68.23 63.33 64.14 65.18 65.64

Texas ....................................................... 89.55 90.47 88.32 87.09 86.10 81.38

Utah ......................................................... 52.14 49.47 45.61 46.10 46.10 54.09

Virginia ................................................... 58.41 58.58 54.81 58.14 58.37 65.64

Washington ............................................. w w w w w w

West Virginia Total................................ 65.33 63.58 63.49 62.44 61.10 59.69

Northern ............................................... 66.34 58.54 58.91 55.10 53.06 50.62

Southern ............................................... 64.50 67.10 66.92 68.49 68.24 69.17

Wyoming ................................................ 93.80 92.26 92.16 92.27 92.98 92.10

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 63.83 62.85 63.25 62.65 63.07 64.67

Interior Total1 ...................................... 70.64 72.36 70.15 68.71 68.29 65.91

Western Total1...................................... 90.79 89.63 89.74 88.81 89.72 88.59

East of Miss. River ............................... 62.59 62.11 62.16 61.06 61.36 62.27

West of Miss. River.............................. 90.66 89.64 89.60 88.66 89.32 87.92

U.S. Total............................................... 82.05 80.83 80.78 80.07 80.43 78.00

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all

mines in the geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 41 
Table 27. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines

by State and Mine Type, 1998

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Alabama ............................................. 334 52.71 40 66.23 374 54.15

Alaska ................................................. − − w ww w

Arizona ............................................... − − w ww w

Colorado ............................................. 329 78.28 211 86.25 540 81.40

Illinois ................................................ 710 53.32 34 56.80 744 53.48

Indiana ................................................ w w w w 313 76.46

Kansas ................................................ − − w ww w

Kentucky Total .................................. 911 53.41 265 82.20 1,175 59.89

Eastern ............................................. 526 54.58 229 80.53 755 62.45

Western ............................................ 385 51.81 36 92.95 421 55.29

Louisiana ............................................ − − w ww w

Maryland ............................................ w w w w 64 60.39

Missouri .............................................. − − 3 87.46 3 87.46

Montana .............................................. − − 1,191 90.98 1,191 90.98

New Mexico....................................... w w w w 1,385 93.43

North Dakota...................................... − − 1,170 88.38 1,170 88.38

Ohio .................................................... 194 57.79 162 86.27 356 70.78

Oklahoma ........................................... w w w w 18 66.01

Pennsylvania Total............................. 622 63.15 153 68.93 775 64.29

Anthracite ........................................ 23 75.50 65 47.25 88 54.61

Bituminous ...................................... 599 62.68 88 84.98 687 65.53

Tennessee ........................................... w w w w 27 71.35

Texas .................................................. − − 791 89.55 791 89.55

Utah .................................................... 433 52.14 − − 433 52.14

Virginia .............................................. 159 53.68 27 85.90 187 58.41

Washington ........................................ − − w ww w

West Virginia Total ........................... 1,493 61.06 415 80.70 1,908 65.33

Northern .......................................... 825 66.02 32 74.69 857 66.34

Southern .......................................... 668 54.93 383 81.20 1,051 64.50

Wyoming ............................................ w w w w 7,220 93.80

Appalachian Total1.......................... 3,403 59.06 1,042 79.41 4,445 63.83

Interior Total1.................................. 1,140 52.75 1,288 86.47 2,428 70.64

Western Total1................................. 766 63.41 11,672 92.58 12,438 90.79

East of Miss. River .......................... 4,529 57.47 1,394 79.23 5,923 62.59

West of Miss. River ......................... 779 63.33 12,609 92.34 13,389 90.66

U.S. Total .......................................... 5,309 58.33 14,003 91.04 19,311 82.05

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

42 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 28. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Underground Mines by State and

Mining Method, 1998

(Million Short Tons)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... 31 − 235 68 334

Colorado .............................................. 36 − 293 − 329

Illinois .................................................. 360 − 349 − 710

Indiana ................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... 816 w 78 w 911

Eastern .............................................. 504 w 6 w 526

Western ............................................. 313 − 72 − 385

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

New Mexico ........................................ w −−− w

Ohio ..................................................... 25 − 169 − 194

Oklahoma ............................................. w −−− w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 179 w 409 w 622

Anthracite .......................................... w w − w 23

Bituminous ........................................ w w 409 − 599

Tennessee ............................................. w −−− w

Utah ...................................................... w w 324 − 433

Virginia ................................................ 93 w w − 159

West Virginia Total............................. 875 10 608 − 1,493

Northern ............................................ 360 3 461 − 825

Southern ............................................ 514 7 147 − 668

Wyoming ............................................. − w w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 1,735 w w 89 3,403

Interior Total5 ................................... w − w − 1,140

Western Total5 .................................. w w w − 766

East of Miss. River............................ 2,439 w w 89 4,529

West of Miss. River........................... 155 w w − 779

U.S. Total............................................ 2,594 56 2,569 89 5,309

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide data.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 43 
Table 29. Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and

Mining Method, 1998

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... 44.05 − 53.47 54.00 52.71

Colorado .............................................. 49.81 − 81.76 − 78.28

Illinois .................................................. 50.79 − 55.93 − 53.32

Indiana ................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... 52.83 w 57.58 w 53.41

Eastern .............................................. 54.27 w 59.36 w 54.58

Western ............................................. 50.50 − 57.44 − 51.81

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

New Mexico ........................................ w −−− w

Ohio ..................................................... 50.78 − 58.83 − 57.79

Oklahoma ............................................. w −−− w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 62.93 w 62.38 w 63.15

Anthracite .......................................... w w − w 75.50

Bituminous ........................................ w w 62.38 − 62.68

Tennessee ............................................. w −−− w

Utah ...................................................... w w 49.27 − 52.14

Virginia ................................................ 61.61 w w − 53.68

West Virginia Total............................. 63.01 51.14 58.41 − 61.06

Northern ............................................ 76.95 67.00 57.48 − 66.02

Southern ............................................ 53.25 43.94 61.34 − 54.93

Wyoming ............................................. − w w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 59.87 w w 58.84 59.06

Interior Total5 ................................... w − w − 52.75

Western Total5 .................................. 58.37 w w − 63.41

East of Miss. River............................ 57.18 w w 58.84 57.47

West of Miss. River........................... 58.42 w w − 63.33

U.S. Total............................................ 57.26 59.58 59.37 58.84 58.33

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide data.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all

mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

44 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 30. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S.

Mines by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1998

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

Mine Production Range Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average (thousand short tons) Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Over 1,000..................................... 3,623 57.48 12,685 91.75 16,307 84.14

500 to 1,000 .................................. 481 54.48 542 88.45 1,024 72.47

200 to 500 ..................................... 353 53.76 226 80.08 579 64.03

100 to 200 ..................................... 570 70.04 100 79.58 669 71.46

50 to 100 ....................................... 141 55.24 83 57.52 223 56.08

10 to 50 ......................................... 141 60.62 368 87.78 509 80.24

U.S. Total...................................... 5,309 58.33 14,003 91.04 19,311 82.05

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 31. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S.

Mines by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1998

(Million Short Tons)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coalbed Thickness Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average (inches) Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

 < 7...................................... − − * 85.62 * 85.62

7-12 ...................................... 8 60.00 48 71.30 57 69.61

13-18 .................................... − − 42 86.51 42 86.51

19-24 .................................... 2 54.14 121 82.58 123 82.23

25-30 .................................... 42 56.43 220 88.24 263 83.13

31-36 .................................... 204 55.29 191 83.90 395 69.12

37-42 .................................... 323 57.81 174 83.15 497 66.66

43-48 .................................... 674 58.11 242 82.42 916 64.54

49-54 .................................... 366 53.85 499 88.90 865 74.07

55-60 .................................... 417 54.24 113 80.51 530 59.85

61-66 .................................... 325 59.36 224 89.14 549 71.51

67-72 .................................... 1,075 61.50 319 84.11 1,395 66.68

73-78 .................................... 502 56.64 131 89.43 633 63.42

79-84 .................................... 407 52.37 441 92.35 848 73.17

85-90 .................................... 112 52.46 237 85.22 349 74.71

91-96 .................................... 268 60.49 29 85.90 297 63.00

97-102 .................................. 22 82.00 451 94.53 473 93.94

103-108 ................................ 31 63.00 141 83.73 172 79.97

109-114 ................................ 163 50.33 21 87.70 185 54.66

115-120 ................................ 45 53.22 10 74.22 55 56.92

> 120................................ 322 73.34 10,347 92.33 10,669 91.76

U.S. Total............................ 5,309 58.33 14,003 91.04 19,311 82.05

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents thet percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 45 
Table 32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998

(Million Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Alabama .............................................. 273 54.68 − − 101 52.72 374 54.15

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 334 52.71

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 40 66.23

Alaska .................................................. − − w w − − w w

Surface ........................................... − − w w − − w w

Arizona ................................................ w w − −− − w w

Surface ........................................... w w − −− − w w

Colorado ............................................. w w w w 471 80.48 540 81.40

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 329 78.28

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 211 86.25

Illinois .................................................. 280 48.79 w w w w 744 53.48

Underground .................................. 272 47.87 w w w w 710 53.32

Surface ........................................... 8 80.00 w w w w 34 56.80

Indiana ................................................ 126 77.45 − − 188 75.81 313 76.46

Underground .................................. w w − − w ww w

Surface ........................................... w w − − w ww w

Kansas ................................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Kentucky Total .................................. w w w w 1,089 59.21 1,175 59.89

Underground .................................. w w w w 867 52.75 911 53.41

Surface ........................................... w w w w 222 84.43 265 82.20

Eastern ............................................. w w w w 708 62.20 755 62.45

Underground .................................. w w w w w w 526 54.58

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 229 80.53

Western ............................................ w w − − 381 53.65 421 55.29

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 385 51.81

Surface ........................................... w w − − w w 36 92.95

Louisiana ............................................ − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Maryland ............................................ − −− − 64 60.39 64 60.39

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Missouri .............................................. − −− − 3 87.46 3 87.46

Surface ........................................... − −− − 3 87.46 3 87.46

Montana .............................................. 131 87.79 w w w w 1,191 90.98

Surface ........................................... 131 87.79 w w w w w w

New Mexico ........................................ w w w w w w 1,385 93.43

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w

North Dakota ..................................... w w w w w w 1,170 88.38

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 1,170 88.38

Ohio ..................................................... 243 68.89 − − 113 74.81 356 70.78

Underground .................................. 169 58.83 − − 25 50.78 194 57.79

Surface ........................................... 74 91.84 − − 88 81.60 162 86.27

Oklahoma ........................................... − −− − 18 66.01 18 66.01

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Pennsylvania Total ............................ w w w w 386 70.71 775 64.29

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 622 63.15

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 153 68.93

Anthracite ........................................ w w w w 38 75.26 88 54.61

Underground .................................. − −− − w w 23 75.50

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 65 47.25

Bituminous ....................................... 339 60.71 − − 348 70.22 687 65.53

Underground .................................. 324 59.81 − − 276 66.05 599 62.68

Surface ........................................... 15 79.93 − − 73 86.04 88 84.98

Tennessee ............................................ − −− − 27 71.35 27 71.35

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... − −− − w ww w

Texas ................................................... − − 395 90.47 396 88.63 791 89.55

Surface ........................................... − − 395 90.47 396 88.63 791 89.55

Utah ..................................................... w w − − w w 433 52.14

Underground .................................. w w − − w w 433 52.14

Virginia ............................................... w w w w 135 61.65 187 58.41

Underground .................................. w w 7 65.00 w w 159 53.68

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w 27 85.90

See footnotes at end of table.

46 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 32. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing

Mines by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998 (Continued)

(Million Short Tons)

 UMWA Other Unions Nonunion Total

 Coal-Producing Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average Recoverable Average State and Region Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery Coal Recovery

 Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage Reserves Percentage

Washington ......................................... − − w ww ww w

Surface ........................................... − − w ww ww w

West Virginia Total........................... 880 63.22 − − 1,028 67.13 1,908 65.33

Underground .................................. 725 58.47 − − 768 63.50 1,493 61.06

Surface ........................................... 155 85.53 − − 260 77.84 415 80.70

Northern .......................................... 467 57.76 − − 389 76.64 857 66.34

Underground .................................. 467 57.76 − − 358 76.81 825 66.02

Surface ........................................... − −− − 32 74.69 32 74.69

Southern ........................................... 413 69.41 − − 639 61.33 1,051 64.50

Underground .................................. 258 59.75 − − 410 51.91 668 54.93

Surface ........................................... 155 85.53 − − 228 78.27 383 81.20

Wyoming ............................................. w w w w 6,928 93.93 7,220 93.80

Underground .................................. − −− − w ww w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 1,874 61.30 9 69.19 2,562 65.66 4,445 63.83

Underground .................................. w w w w 1,865 60.30 3,403 59.06

Surface ........................................... w w w w 697 80.01 1,042 79.41

Interior Total1 ................................... 445 58.85 424 89.17 1,560 68.97 2,428 70.64

Underground .................................. w w w w 816 53.44 1,140 52.75

Surface ........................................... w w w w 744 85.98 1,288 86.47

Western Total1 .................................. 936 86.29 2,380 91.40 9,122 91.09 12,438 90.79

Underground .................................. 82 53.40 − − 684 64.61 766 63.41

Surface ........................................... 853 89.46 2,380 91.40 8,438 93.23 11,672 92.58

East of Miss. River............................ 2,319 60.83 37 70.80 3,566 63.65 5,923 62.59

Underground .................................. 1,839 56.30 23 65.00 2,667 58.21 4,529 57.47

Surface ........................................... 480 78.16 14 80.20 899 79.79 1,394 79.23

West of Miss. River........................... 936 86.29 2,775 91.26 9,678 90.90 13,389 90.66

Underground .................................. 82 53.40 − − 697 64.50 779 63.33

Surface ........................................... 853 89.46 2,775 91.26 8,980 92.95 12,609 92.34

U.S. Total............................................ 3,255 68.15 2,813 90.99 13,244 83.57 19,311 82.05

Underground .................................. 1,921 56.18 23 65.00 3,364 59.52 5,309 58.33

Surface ........................................... 1,333 85.39 2,790 91.21 9,880 91.75 14,003 91.04

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. See Glossary

for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 47 
Table 33. U.S. Demonstrated Reserve Base of Coal by Potential Mining Method and Ranked by

State Total, January 1, 1997

(Million Short Tons)

 Rank State Underground Surface Total

1 Montana 70,958 48,718 119,677

2 Illinois 88,461 16,608 105,069

3 Wyoming 42,516 25,299 67,815

4 West Virginia 30,968 4,429 35,397

5 Kentucky 18,508 13,533 32,041

6 Pennsylvania 24,232 4,414 28,646

Anthracite 3,850 3,370 7,220

Bituminous 20,382 1,044 21,427

7 Ohio 17,789 5,875 23,664

8 Colorado 11,979 4,777 16,756

9 Texas − 12,931 12,931

10 New Mexico 6,204 6,279 12,483

11 Indiana 8,860 1,057 9,917

12 North Dakota − 9,395 9,395

13 Alaska 5,423 703 6,126

14 Missouri 1,479 4,515 5,994

15 Utah 5,583 268 5,850

16 Alabama 1,290 3,256 4,547

17 Virginia 1,528 674 2,202

18 Iowa 1,733 457 2,190

19 Oklahoma 1,237 338 1,575

20 Washington 1,332 57 1,390

21 Kansas − 975 975

22 Tennessee 532 284 816

23 Maryland 637 80 717

24 Louisiana − 463 463

25 Arkansas 273 144 417

26 South Dakota − 366 366

27 Arizona 102 59 161

28 Michigan 123 5 128

29 Oregon 15 3 18

30 North Carolina 11 − 11

31 Idaho 4 − 4

32 Georgia 2 2 4

U.S. Total 341,775 165,965 507,740

− Data not available.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, ‘‘U.S. Coal Reserves: A Review and Update (DOE/EIA-0529(97)), August, 1998.

48 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Producer/Distributor

Stocks

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 49 
Table 34. Year-End Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks by State, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998

Alabama ..................................................... 1,636 1,289 1,031 1,358 1,204 26.9 8.0

Alaska......................................................... 29 25 6 26 58 15.0 −16.3

Arizona....................................................... 2,077 2,911 2,232 2,760 2,634 −28.6 −5.8

Arkansas..................................................... * 2 1 4 2 −80.7 −30.9

Colorado..................................................... 1,594 1,364 494 1,063 1,575 16.9 .3

Illinois ........................................................ 952 1,358 1,190 2,069 1,651 −29.9 −12.8

Indiana........................................................ 672 698 574 611 803 −3.8 −4.4

Kansas ........................................................ − − 19 27 31 − −

Kentucky Total .......................................... 4,651 5,376 4,460 4,777 5,025 −13.5 −1.9

Eastern..................................................... 3,256 4,622 3,720 4,088 4,235 −29.5 −6.4

Western ................................................... 1,394 754 740 689 790 85.0 15.3

Louisiana.................................................... 57 152 38 309 202 −62.4 −27.1

Maryland .................................................... 266 271 143 269 179 −2.0 10.4

Missouri ..................................................... 1 1 − − −− −

Montana ..................................................... 745 682 580 718 635 9.3 4.1

New Mexico............................................... 1,916 1,023 1,890 2,015 1,467 87.2 6.9

North Dakota ............................................. 2,364 1,965 1,574 1,797 1,812 20.3 6.9

Ohio ............................................................ 1,276 774 532 1,374 833 64.8 11.3

Oklahoma ................................................... * * 7 2 4 −70.8 −58.9

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 2,682 2,507 3,113 2,487 2,787 7.0 −.9

Anthracite................................................ 643 486 1,323 389 249 32.3 26.8

Bituminous .............................................. 2,039 2,021 1,790 2,098 2,538 .9 −5.3

Tennessee ................................................... 36 32 23 88 57 12.9 −10.7

Texas .......................................................... 1,319 1,506 1,254 864 1,430 −12.4 −2.0

Utah............................................................ 1,809 2,112 1,337 1,946 1,301 −14.3 8.6

Virginia ...................................................... 2,565 2,328 1,644 1,649 1,180 10.2 21.4

Washington ................................................ − 56 55 59 65 −100.0 −

West Virginia Total ................................... 6,008 5,504 4,947 6,176 6,692 9.2 −2.7

Northern .................................................. 1,282 858 584 1,959 1,940 49.3 −9.8

Southern .................................................. 4,726 4,645 4,362 4,217 4,752 1.7 −.1

Wyoming.................................................... 3,873 2,036 1,504 1,997 1,592 90.2 24.9

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 17,726 17,327 15,153 17,489 17,166 2.3 .8

Interior Total1.......................................... 4,396 4,471 3,823 4,575 4,913 −1.7 −2.7

Western Total1......................................... 14,408 12,174 9,672 12,381 11,140 18.3 6.6

East of Miss. River .................................. 20,745 20,138 17,657 20,858 20,410 3.0 .4

West of Miss. River ................................. 15,785 13,835 10,991 13,587 12,809 14.1 5.4

U.S. Total .................................................. 36,530 33,973 28,648 34,444 33,219 7.5 2.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

50 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 51

 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145."

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

2

4

6

8

10

Million Short Tons

Total

Canada

Venezuela

Colombia

Indonesia

Figure 3. U.S. Coal Imports, 1989-1998

Imports
Table 35. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1989, 1994-1998

(Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Continent and Country Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 of Origin 1997- 1994- 1989- 1998 1998 1998

R RR North America Total ..................................... 1,168,361 1,211,910 1,745,053 1,948,632 1,547,375 1,061,668 −3.6 −6.8 1.1 R RR Canada ........................................................... 1,166,397 1,211,557 1,737,744 1,916,140 1,539,534 1,004,371 −3.7 −6.7 1.7 R R Mexico ........................................................... 1,964 353 7,309 7,836 7,841 57,297 456.4 −29.3 −31.3

Netherlands Antilles...................................... −− − 24,656 − −−−−

R RR South America Total...................................... 5,960,370 4,631,213 4,667,817 6,251,294 5,912,113 1,695,495 28.7 .2 15.0

Argentina ....................................................... − 13 −−− 265 −100.0 − −100.0 R RR Colombia ....................................................... 3,478,185 3,117,122 3,026,598 4,210,265 4,126,016 1,338,562 11.6 −4.2 11.2 R RR Venezuela ...................................................... 2,482,185 1,514,078 1,641,219 2,041,029 1,786,097 356,668 63.9 8.6 24.0

Europe Total................................................... 43,572 26,635 2,613 522 40 11,539 63.6 474.5 15.9

Belgium & Luxembourg............................... 3,983 6,016 2,473 − − −−33.8 − −

Denmark ........................................................ −− − 236 − −−−−

France ............................................................ −− − − − 10 − −−100.0

Germany, FR................................................. − 20 −−− 331 −100.0 − −100.0

Italy ................................................................ 36 − − − − −−−−

Netherlands .................................................... −− − − − 11,198 − −−100.0

Norway .......................................................... − 20,383 − − − −−100.0 − −

Poland ............................................................ −− − − 40 − −−100.0 −

Spain .............................................................. 36,432 − 99 − − −−−−

Switzerland .................................................... − 201 − − − −−100.0 − −

Turkey ............................................................ − − 41 − − −−−−

United Kingdom............................................ 3,121 15 − 286 − − NM − −

Asia Total........................................................ 1,416,281 1,460,503 1,534,989 1,018,512 1,153,561 47,786 −3.0 5.3 45.7

China (Mainland) .......................................... 2,566 2,006 − 53 111 47,694 27.9 119.3 −27.7

Hong Kong.................................................... 10 − 1 − − 41 − −−14.5

Indonesia ........................................................ 1,413,704 1,425,916 1,534,986 1,018,433 1,130,468 − −.8 5.7 −

Japan .............................................................. 1 − 2 26 1 −−−−

Korea, Republic of........................................ −− − − − 51 − −−100.0

Vietnam ......................................................... − 32,581 − − 22,981 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Oceania & Australia Total............................ 135,099 156,515 164,793 254,141 100,313 34,645 −13.7 7.7 16.3

Australia ........................................................ 92,660 115,510 164,793 211,702 92,204 34,645 −19.8 .1 11.5

New Zealand ................................................. 42,439 41,005 − 42,439 8,109 − 3.5 51.3 −

Africa Total..................................................... −− − − 156,452 − −−100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of..................................... −− − − 149,748 − −−100.0 −

Swaziland ...................................................... −− − − 6,704 − −−100.0 −

R RR Total ................................................................. 8,723,683 7,486,776 8,115,265 9,473,101 8,869,854 2,851,133 16.5 −.4 13.2

R Revised Data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

52 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 36. Coal Imports by Customs District, 1989, 1994-1998

(Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Change Customs District 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 1997- 1994- 1989- 1998 1998 1998

R RR Eastern Total .................................................. 2,418,583 2,508,318 2,664,213 2,465,545 2,084,610 461,348 −3.6 3.8 20.2

Boston, MA................................................... 1,439,079 1,533,510 1,803,234 1,484,886 977,473 27,669 −6.1 10.1 55.1

Baltimore, MD .............................................. − − 99 28,328 88,668 258,615 − −100.0 −100.0 R RR Portland, ME ................................................. 367,609 366,768 362,601 557,147 578,012 33 .2 −10.7 181.6

Buffalo, NY................................................... 3,992 6,060 2,658 2,034 − 26,849 −34.1 − −19.1 R RR New York City, NY...................................... 512,213 518,043 404,387 337,751 337,229 41 −1.1 11.0 185.2

Ogdensburg, NY ........................................... 19 − 50 − − 219 − −−23.8

Philadelphia, PA............................................ 95,671 83,918 91,184 55,399 78,387 147,922 14.0 5.1 −4.7

Norfolk, VA .................................................. − 19 − − 24,841 − −100.0 −100.0 −

R RR Southern Total................................................ 4,447,422 2,985,167 2,903,372 4,246,556 4,575,693 1,363,389 49.0 −.7 14.0 RR R Mobile, AL.................................................... 884,788 214,241 446,590 1,238,203 1,159,062 34,004 313.0 −6.5 43.6

Savannah, GA ............................................... 374,677 178,085 118,509 − 29,582 − 110.4 88.6 −

Miami, FL ..................................................... 90,381 38,604 − 26,035 7,496 − 134.1 86.3 − R R Tampa, FL..................................................... 1,671,217 1,320,515 1,419,408 2,292,328 2,416,830 900,188 26.5 −8.8 7.1

New Orleans, LA .......................................... 946,756 840,919 808,592 387,861 524,256 28,660 12.6 15.9 47.5

Wilmington, NC............................................ −− − − 26,648 − −−100.0 −

San Juan, PR ................................................. 195,162 201,413 96,901 272,296 80,016 328,849 −3.1 25.0 −5.6

Houston-Galveston, TX ................................ 165,853 154,865 6,063 − 154,938 15,910 7.1 1.7 29.8 R R Laredo, TX .................................................... 1,964 353 7,309 7,787 7,841 55,778 456.4 −29.3 −31.0

Virgin Islands................................................ 116,624 36,172 − 22,046 169,024 − 222.4 −8.8 −

Western Total R RR ................................................. 812,443 862,053 900,701 943,069 816,392 169,054 −5.8 −.1 19.0

Los Angeles, CA........................................... 4 149 2 − 12 − −97.3 −24.0 −

San Diego, CA .............................................. 1 − − 49 − 19 − −−27.9

San Francisco, CA ........................................ −− − − − 47,745 − −−100.0

Honolulu, HI ................................................. 681,812 759,385 810,176 844,785 670,005 34,645 −10.2 .4 39.2

Great Falls, MT............................................. − 282 25 645 34,426 75,579 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Portland, OR.................................................. 6,992 20,383 − − − −−65.7 − − R RR Seattle, WA ................................................... 123,634 81,854 90,498 97,590 111,949 11,066 51.0 2.5 30.8

R RR Northern Total................................................ 1,045,235 1,131,238 1,646,979 1,817,931 1,393,159 857,342 −7.6 −6.9 2.2

Chicago, IL.................................................... 66,829 329,778 238,592 64,394 283,106 476,060 −79.7 −30.3 −19.6 R RR Detroit, MI..................................................... 415,127 388,678 615,262 842,851 492,736 − 6.8 −4.2 −

Duluth, MN ................................................... − 416 291,346 244,278 77,355 431 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Pembina, ND................................................. 560,779 410,509 501,778 666,408 539,962 364,237 36.6 .9 4.9

Cleveland, OH............................................... −− − − − 16,614 − −−100.0

Milwaukee, WI.............................................. 2,500 1,857 − − −− 34.6 − −

R RR Total ................................................................. 8,723,683 7,486,776 8,115,265 9,473,101 8,869,854 2,851,133 16.5 −.4 13.2

R Revised Data.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 53 
Table 37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination

State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Short Tons)

Percent Country of Origin 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change and Destination State 1997-1998

Australia Total................................... 92,676 155,632 147,204 211,099 109,737 − −40.4

Hawaii............................................ 92,676 155,632 147,204 211,099 109,737 − −40.4

 R Canada Total...................................... 1,424,942 893,900 1,332,243 1,401,960 1,317,929 − 59.4

Illinois ............................................ 60,627 147,967 215,959 222,876 346,192 − −59.0

Indiana ........................................... 976,153 474,369 735,342 760,508 592,655 − 105.8 R Michigan ........................................ 355,100 229,464 361,458 393,367 371,097 − 54.8

Ohio ............................................... − 652 1,454 1,410 1,635 − −100.0

Washington .................................... 33,062 41,448 18,030 23,799 6,350 − −20.2

Colombia Total .................................. 2,710,318 2,958,645 2,285,840 2,202,005 3,150,128 1,148,836 −8.4

Alabama......................................... 169,344 214,251 160,675 161,950 178,330 − −20.9

Delaware ........................................ − − − 7,143 22,031 − −

Florida............................................ 1,909,354 1,385,340 1,417,220 1,340,640 2,348,550 803,500 37.8

Georgia .......................................... − − − − 11,902 23,136 −

Maine ............................................. − − 45,220 − − −−

Maryland........................................ − − − − 88,000 247,000 −

Massachusetts ................................ 467,100 1,077,600 630,400 557,900 135,500 62,800 −56.6

New Hampshire............................. 34,680 35,360 32,325 134,372 163,311 − −1.9

New Jersey..................................... − − − − 22,500 12,400 −

New York ...................................... 34,800 147,050 − − − − −76.3

North Carolina............................... − − − − 26,600 − −

Texas.............................................. 84,119 99,044 − − 153,404 − −15.1

Washington .................................... 10,921 − − − − − −

Indonesia Total .................................. 899,517 782,035 833,706 428,554 437,292 − 15.0

Florida............................................ 596,979 741,264 807,803 348,854 147,215 − −19.5

Louisiana........................................ 302,538 − − − 169,181 − −

Massachusetts ................................ − − − − 7,938 − −

New Hampshire............................. − 40,771 25,903 79,700 112,958 − −100.0

Mexico Total ...................................... − − 15,561 − − −−

Texas .............................................. − − 15,561 − − −−

South Africa Total............................. −−−− 127,300 − −

Florida............................................ − − − − 127,300 − −

Venezuela Total ................................. 2,415,581 1,409,628 1,861,504 2,073,645 1,456,645 65,750 71.4

Connecticut .................................... 106,000 35,000 28,000 −−− 202.8

Florida............................................ 235,155 58,643 298,200 891,400 421,674 37,150 301.0

Georgia .......................................... 414,490 279,139 209,907 − 26,835 − 48.5

Maine ............................................. − 2,708 13,966 81,392 91,436 − −100.0

Massachusetts ................................ 471,600 382,900 1,135,500 903,700 916,700 − 23.2

Mississippi ..................................... 173,670 − − − − − −

New Hampshire............................. 331,371 228,969 96,033 82,425 − − 44.7

New Jersey..................................... 39,000 − − − − 28,600 −

New York ...................................... 558,800 350,400 − 28,189 − − 59.5

Pennsylvania .................................. − 71,869 79,898 86,539 − −−100.0

Texas.............................................. 85,495 − − − − − −

 R Total .................................................... 7,543,034 6,199,840 6,476,058 6,317,263 6,599,031 1,214,586 21.7

Alabama......................................... 169,344 214,251 160,675 161,950 178,330 − −20.9

Connecticut .................................... 106,000 35,000 28,000 −−− 202.8

Delaware ........................................ − − − 7,143 22,031 − −

Florida............................................ 2,741,488 2,185,247 2,523,223 2,580,894 3,044,739 840,650 25.4

Georgia .......................................... 414,490 279,139 209,907 − 38,737 23,136 48.5

Hawaii............................................ 92,676 155,632 147,204 211,099 109,737 − −40.4

Illinois ............................................ 60,627 147,967 215,959 222,876 346,192 − −59.0

Indiana ........................................... 976,153 474,369 735,342 760,508 592,655 − 105.8

Louisiana........................................ 302,538 − − − 169,181 − −

Maine ............................................. − 2,708 59,186 81,392 91,436 − −100.0

Maryland........................................ − − − − 88,000 247,000 −

Massachusetts ................................ 938,700 1,460,500 1,765,900 1,461,600 1,060,138 62,800 −35.7 R Michigan ........................................ 355,100 229,464 361,458 393,367 371,097 − 54.8

Mississippi ..................................... 173,670 − − − − − −

New Hampshire............................. 366,051 305,100 154,261 296,497 276,269 − 20.0

New Jersey..................................... 39,000 − − − 22,500 41,000 −

New York ...................................... 593,600 497,450 − 28,189 − − 19.3

North Carolina............................... − − − − 26,600 − −

Ohio ............................................... − 652 1,454 1,410 1,635 − −100.0

See footnotes at end of table.

54 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 37. U.S. Receipts of Imported Coal by Country of Origin and Destination

State, 1989, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Short Tons)

Percent Country of Origin 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change and Destination State 1997-1998

Total (Continued)

Pennsylvania .................................. − 71,869 79,898 86,539 −− −100.0

Texas.............................................. 169,614 99,044 15,561 − 153,404 − 71.3

Washington .................................... 43,983 41,448 18,030 23,799 6,350 − 6.1

R Revised Data.

Notes: Data for 1989 are only for receipts at electric utilities. Data for 1994 through 1998 are for receipts at electric utilities, manufacturing plants and

coke plants. See Table 38 and Table 39 for related data. See Technical Note 1 for the difference between receipts of imported coal and U.S. coal imports.

Sources: 1989: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

1994-1998: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants’’; and FERC, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 55 
Table 38. Imported Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Country of Origin and

Destination State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Country of Origin 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change and Destination State 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Canada Total...................................... − 9,590 18,030 23,799 63,350 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Michigan ........................................ − − − − 57,000 −− −100.0 −

Washington .................................... − 9,590 18,030 23,799 6,350 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Colombia Total .................................. 2,530,053 2,744,394 2,079,945 2,040,055 2,971,798 1,148,836 −7.8 −3.9 9.2

Delaware ........................................ − − − 7,143 22,031 −− −100.0 −

Florida............................................ 1,909,354 1,385,340 1,417,220 1,340,640 2,348,550 803,500 37.8 −5.0 10.1

Georgia .......................................... − − − − 11,902 23,136 − −100.0 −100.0

Maryland........................................ − − − − 88,000 247,000 − −100.0 −100.0

Massachusetts ................................ 467,100 1,077,600 630,400 557,900 135,500 62,800 −56.6 36.3 25.0

New Hampshire............................. 34,680 35,360 32,325 134,372 163,311 − −1.9 −32.1 −

New Jersey..................................... − − − − 22,500 12,400 − −100.0 −100.0

New York ...................................... 34,800 147,050 − − − − −76.3 − −

North Carolina............................... − − − − 26,600 −− −100.0 −

Texas.............................................. 84,119 99,044 − − 153,404 − −15.1 −13.9 −

Indonesia Total .................................. 899,517 782,035 833,706 428,554 437,292 − 15.0 19.8 −

Florida............................................ 596,979 741,264 807,803 348,854 147,215 − −19.5 41.9 −

Louisiana ........................................ 302,538 −−− 169,181 − − 15.6 −

Massachusetts ................................ − − − − 7,938 −− −100.0 −

New Hampshire............................. − 40,771 25,903 79,700 112,958 − −100.0 −100.0 −

South Africa Total............................. −−−− 127,300 −− −100.0 −

Florida............................................ − − − − 127,300 −− −100.0 −

Venezuela Total ................................. 2,415,581 1,335,051 1,767,640 1,905,714 1,365,209 65,750 80.9 15.3 49.2

Connecticut .................................... 106,000 35,000 28,000 − − − 202.8 − −

Florida............................................ 235,155 58,643 298,200 891,400 421,674 37,150 301.0 −13.6 22.8

Georgia .......................................... 414,490 279,139 209,907 − 26,835 − 48.5 98.2 −

Massachusetts ................................ 471,600 382,900 1,135,500 903,700 916,700 − 23.2 −15.3 −

Mississippi ..................................... 173,670 − − − − −− − −

New Hampshire............................. 331,371 228,969 96,033 82,425 − − 44.7 − −

New Jersey..................................... 39,000 − − − − 28,600 − − 3.5

New York ...................................... 558,800 350,400 − 28,189 − − 59.5 − −

Texas.............................................. 85,495 − − − − −− − −

Total .................................................... 5,845,151 4,871,070 4,699,321 4,398,122 4,964,949 1,214,586 20.0 4.2 19.1

Connecticut .................................... 106,000 35,000 28,000 − − − 202.8 − −

Delaware ........................................ − − − 7,143 22,031 −− −100.0 −

Florida............................................ 2,741,488 2,185,247 2,523,223 2,580,894 3,044,739 840,650 25.4 −2.6 14.0

Georgia .......................................... 414,490 279,139 209,907 − 38,737 23,136 48.5 80.9 37.8

Louisiana ........................................ 302,538 −−− 169,181 − − 15.6 −

Maryland........................................ − − − − 88,000 247,000 − −100.0 −100.0

Massachusetts ................................ 938,700 1,460,500 1,765,900 1,461,600 1,060,138 62,800 −35.7 −3.0 35.0

Michigan ........................................ − − − − 57,000 −− −100.0 −

Mississippi ..................................... 173,670 − − − − −− − −

New Hampshire............................. 366,051 305,100 154,261 296,497 276,269 − 20.0 7.3 −

New Jersey..................................... 39,000 −−− 22,500 41,000 − 14.7 −.5

New York ...................................... 593,600 497,450 − 28,189 − − 19.3 − −

North Carolina............................... − − − − 26,600 −− −100.0 −

Texas .............................................. 169,614 99,044 − − 153,404 − 71.3 2.5 −

Washington .................................... − 9,590 18,030 23,799 6,350 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

56 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 39. Imported Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by Country of

Origin and Destination State, 1996-1998

(Short Tons)

 Country Manufacturing Coke Plants Total

 of Origin

 and Percent

Destination 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 Change

 State 1997-1998

Australia Total................................... 92,676 155,632 147,204 − − − 92,676 155,632 147,204 −40.5

Hawaii............................................ 92,676 155,632 147,204 − − − 92,676 155,632 147,204 −40.5

R Canada Total...................................... 33,062 32,510 1,454 1,391,880 851,800 1,312,759 1,424,942 884,310 1,314,213 61.1

Illinois ............................................ − − − 60,627 147,967 215,959 60,627 147,967 215,959 −59.0

Indiana ........................................... − − − 976,153 474,369 735,342 976,153 474,369 735,342 105.8 R Michigan ........................................ − − − 355,100 229,464 361,458 355,100 229,464 361,458 54.8

Ohio ............................................... − 652 1,454 − − − − 652 1,454 −100.0

Washington .................................... 33,062 31,858 −−−− 33,062 31,858 − 3.8

Colombia Total .................................. 180,265 214,251 205,895 −−− 180,265 214,251 205,895 −15.9

Alabama......................................... 169,344 214,251 160,675 −−− 169,344 214,251 160,675 −21.0

Maine ............................................. − − 45,220 − − − − − 45,220 −

Washington .................................... 10,921 − − − − − 10,921 − − −

Mexico Total ...................................... − − 15,561 − − − − − 15,561 −

Texas.............................................. − − 15,561 − − − − − 15,561 −

Venezuela Total ................................. − 74,577 93,864 − − − − 74,577 93,864 −100.0

Maine ............................................. − 2,708 13,966 − − − − 2,708 13,966 −100.0

Pennsylvania .................................. − 71,869 79,898 − − − − 71,869 79,898 −100.0

R Total .................................................... 306,003 476,970 463,978 1,391,880 851,800 1,312,759 1,697,883 1,328,770 1,776,737 27.8

Alabama......................................... 169,344 214,251 160,675 −−− 169,344 214,251 160,675 −21.0

Hawaii............................................ 92,676 155,632 147,204 − − − 92,676 155,632 147,204 −40.5

Illinois ............................................ − − − 60,627 147,967 215,959 60,627 147,967 215,959 −59.0

Indiana ........................................... − − − 976,153 474,369 735,342 976,153 474,369 735,342 105.8

Maine ............................................. − 2,708 59,186 − − − − 2,708 59,186 −100.0 R Michigan ........................................ − − − 355,100 229,464 361,458 355,100 229,464 361,458 54.8

Ohio ............................................... − 652 1,454 − − − − 652 1,454 −100.0

Pennsylvania .................................. − 71,869 79,898 − − − − 71,869 79,898 −100.0

Texas.............................................. − − 15,561 − − − − − 15,561 −

Washington .................................... 43,983 31,858 −−−− 43,983 31,858 − 38.1

R Revised Data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 57 
Employment and Productivity

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 59 
Employment

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 61 
62 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Thousands

Total

Surface

Underground

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Thousands

Total

Western

Appalachian

Interior

Figure 4. Average Number of U.S. Miners by Mine Type and by Region, 1989-1998

 Note: Scale has been enlarged to show detail in the short tons per miner per hour by type of mining plot. Because vertical scales differ,

graphs should not be compared. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours.

Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining

operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Short tons

produced per miner per hour is calculated by dividing total coal production by the direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report"; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports;

and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production

Report."
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 63

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Short Tons per Miner per Hour

Total

Underground

Surface

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

5

10

15

20

Short Tons per Miner per Hour

Total

Western

Appalachian Interior

Figure 5. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Mine Type and by Region, 1989-1998

 Note: Scale has been enlarged to show detail in the short tons per miner per hour by type of mining plot. Because vertical scales differ,

graphs should not be compared. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours.

Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining

operations. Excludes office workers. Includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel. Short tons

produced per miner per hour is calculated by dividing total coal production by the direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report"; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports;

and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production

Report."
Table 40. Average Number of Miners by State, 1989, 1994-1998

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 4,722 4,928 5,031 5,567 5,418 6,505 −4.2 −3.4 −3.5

Alaska .................................................. 104 99 102 102 105 87 5.0 −.2 2.0

Arizona ................................................ 730 676 651 831 864 780 8.0 −4.1 −.7

Arkansas .............................................. 4 2 − 4 15 8 100.0 −28.1 −7.4

California ............................................. − − − − − 5 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 1,684 1,362 1,332 1,777 1,905 2,019 23.6 −3.0 −2.0

Illinois .................................................. 4,102 4,612 5,174 5,652 6,591 10,003 −11.0 −11.2 −9.4

Indiana ................................................. 2,807 2,712 2,579 2,571 3,206 3,684 3.5 −3.3 −3.0

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − 20 149 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 19 67 54 54 63 165 −71.6 −25.9 −21.3

Kentucky Total .................................... 18,025 18,937 18,826 21,125 23,368 30,656 −4.8 −6.3 −5.7

Eastern .............................................. 14,617 15,422 15,130 16,840 18,577 24,620 −5.2 −5.8 −5.6

Western ............................................. 3,408 3,515 3,696 4,285 4,791 6,036 −3.0 −8.2 −6.1

Louisiana.............................................. 161 114 111 114 111 69 41.2 9.7 9.9

Maryland.............................................. 433 458 469 458 451 554 −5.4 −1.0 −2.7

Missouri ............................................... 72 51 80 92 116 428 41.2 −11.2 −18.0

Montana ............................................... 811 708 705 722 705 682 14.5 3.6 1.9

New Mexico ........................................ 1,582 1,339 1,347 1,747 1,786 1,470 18.1 −3.0 .8

North Dakota ....................................... 895 657 640 716 645 850 36.2 8.5 .6

Ohio ..................................................... 3,199 3,124 3,232 3,386 3,983 7,374 2.4 −5.3 −8.9

Oklahoma............................................. 192 269 233 241 253 414 −28.6 −6.7 −8.2

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 9,443 9,575 9,021 8,968 9,975 15,469 −1.4 −1.4 −5.3

Anthracite.......................................... 1,185 1,287 1,171 1,069 1,183 1,394 −7.9 * −1.8

Bituminous........................................ 8,258 8,288 7,850 7,899 8,792 14,075 −.4 −1.5 −5.8

Tennessee............................................. 517 707 756 681 669 1,857 −26.9 −6.2 −13.2

Texas.................................................... 2,382 1,363 1,550 1,590 1,733 2,109 74.8 8.3 1.4

Utah...................................................... 1,919 1,922 1,804 1,893 1,675 2,169 −.1 3.4 −1.3

Virginia ................................................ 5,734 6,235 6,241 6,919 8,121 10,371 −8.0 −8.3 −6.4

Washington .......................................... 480 577 589 566 570 787 −16.8 −4.2 −5.3

West Virginia Total............................. 17,167 18,245 20,121 21,334 21,861 29,482 −5.9 −5.9 −5.8

Northern ............................................ 4,139 4,980 5,279 6,114 6,659 10,280 −16.9 −11.2 −9.6

Southern ............................................ 13,028 13,265 14,842 15,220 15,202 19,202 −1.8 −3.8 −4.2

Wyoming ............................................. 4,073 2,777 2,814 3,142 3,291 3,351 46.7 5.5 2.2

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 55,832 58,694 60,001 64,153 69,055 96,232 −4.9 −5.2 −5.9

Interior Total1 ................................... 13,147 12,705 13,477 14,603 16,899 23,065 3.5 −6.1 −6.0

Western Total1 .................................. 12,278 10,117 9,984 11,496 11,546 12,200 21.4 1.5 .1

East of Miss. River............................ 66,149 69,533 71,450 76,661 83,643 115,955 −4.9 −5.7 −6.0

West of Miss. River........................... 15,108 11,983 12,012 13,591 13,857 15,542 26.1 2.2 −.3

U.S. Total............................................ 81,257 81,516 83,462 90,252 97,500 131,497 −.3 −4.4 −5.2

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. For 1997 and prior years, total also includes all technical and engineering personnel.Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less

than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

64 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 41. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 3,794 4,014 4,145 4,314 3,775 4,371 −5.5 0.1 −1.6

Arkansas .............................................. − − − − 10 −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 1,126 923 918 1,301 1,248 1,490 22.0 −2.5 −3.1

Illinois .................................................. 3,624 4,044 4,256 4,780 5,595 8,084 −10.4 −10.3 −8.5

Indiana ................................................. 385 411 457 485 485 521 −6.3 −5.6 −3.3

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − − 15 −− −

Kentucky Total .................................... 12,149 12,947 12,876 14,542 15,837 20,752 −6.2 −6.4 −5.8

Eastern .............................................. 9,453 10,369 10,275 11,366 12,849 16,586 −8.8 −7.4 −6.0

Western ............................................. 2,696 2,578 2,601 3,176 2,988 4,166 4.6 −2.5 −4.7

Maryland.............................................. 284 304 308 293 284 282 −6.6 − .1

Montana ............................................... − − 18 − − −− − −

New Mexico ........................................ 38 − − 132 168 49 − −31.0 −2.8

Ohio ..................................................... 1,718 1,759 1,706 1,670 1,694 2,953 −2.3 .3 −5.8

Oklahoma............................................. 44 36 26 12 32 36 22.2 8.3 2.3

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 6,206 6,202 5,599 5,659 6,192 9,578 .1 * −4.7

Anthracite.......................................... 186 174 147 152 149 193 6.9 5.7 −.4

Bituminous........................................ 6,020 6,028 5,452 5,507 6,043 9,385 −.1 −.1 −4.8

Tennessee............................................. 273 390 467 473 511 1,471 −30.0 −14.5 −17.1

Utah...................................................... 1,894 1,922 1,803 1,893 1,675 2,169 −1.4 3.1 −1.5

Virginia ................................................ 4,626 5,101 5,098 5,776 6,844 8,889 −9.3 −9.3 −7.0

West Virginia Total............................. 13,148 14,329 16,003 16,347 16,956 23,048 −8.2 −6.2 −6.0

Northern ............................................ 3,627 4,551 4,764 5,561 5,997 8,656 −20.3 −11.8 −9.2

Southern ............................................ 9,521 9,778 11,239 10,786 10,959 14,392 −2.6 −3.4 −4.5

Wyoming ............................................. 82 105 116 202 256 280 −21.9 −24.8 −12.8

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 39,502 42,468 43,601 45,898 49,105 67,178 −7.0 −5.3 −5.7

Interior Total1 ................................... 6,749 7,069 7,340 8,453 9,110 12,822 −4.5 −7.2 −6.9

Western Total1 .................................. 3,140 2,950 2,855 3,528 3,347 3,988 6.4 −1.6 −2.6

East of Miss. River............................ 46,207 49,501 50,915 54,339 58,173 79,949 −6.6 −5.6 −5.9

West of Miss. River........................... 3,184 2,986 2,881 3,540 3,389 4,039 6.6 −1.5 −2.6

U.S. Total............................................ 49,391 52,487 53,796 57,879 61,562 83,988 −5.9 −5.3 −5.7

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. For 1997 and prior years, total also includes all technical and engineering personnel.Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less

than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 65 
Table 42. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 928 914 886 1,253 1,643 2,134 1.5 −13.3 −8.8

Alaska .................................................. 104 99 102 102 105 87 5.0 −.2 2.0

Arizona ................................................ 730 676 651 831 864 780 8.0 −4.1 −.7

Arkansas .............................................. 4 2 − 4 5 8 100.0 −5.4 −7.4

California ............................................. − − − − − 5 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 558 439 414 476 657 529 27.1 −4.0 .6

Illinois .................................................. 478 568 918 872 996 1,919 −15.8 −16.8 −14.3

Indiana ................................................. 2,422 2,301 2,122 2,086 2,721 3,163 5.3 −2.9 −2.9

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − 20 134 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 19 67 54 54 63 165 −71.6 −25.9 −21.3

Kentucky Total .................................... 5,876 5,990 5,950 6,583 7,531 9,904 −1.9 −6.0 −5.6

Eastern .............................................. 5,164 5,053 4,855 5,474 5,728 8,034 2.2 −2.5 −4.8

Western ............................................. 712 937 1,095 1,109 1,803 1,870 −24.0 −20.7 −10.2

Louisiana.............................................. 161 114 111 114 111 69 41.2 9.7 9.9

Maryland.............................................. 149 154 161 165 167 272 −3.2 −2.8 −6.5

Missouri ............................................... 72 51 80 92 116 428 41.2 −11.2 −18.0

Montana ............................................... 811 708 687 722 705 682 14.5 3.6 1.9

New Mexico ........................................ 1,544 1,339 1,347 1,615 1,618 1,421 15.3 −1.2 .9

North Dakota ....................................... 895 657 640 716 645 850 36.2 8.5 .6

Ohio ..................................................... 1,481 1,365 1,526 1,716 2,289 4,421 8.5 −10.3 −11.4

Oklahoma............................................. 148 233 207 229 221 378 −36.5 −9.5 −9.9

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3,237 3,373 3,422 3,309 3,783 5,891 −4.0 −3.8 −6.4

Anthracite .......................................... 999 1,113 1,024 917 1,034 1,201 −10.2 −.8 −2.0

Bituminous........................................ 2,238 2,260 2,398 2,392 2,749 4,690 −1.0 −5.0 −7.9

Tennessee............................................. 244 317 289 208 158 386 −23.0 11.5 −5.0

Texas.................................................... 2,382 1,363 1,550 1,590 1,733 2,109 74.8 8.3 1.4

Utah...................................................... 25 − 1 − − −− − −

Virginia ................................................ 1,108 1,134 1,143 1,143 1,277 1,482 −2.3 −3.5 −3.2

Washington .......................................... 480 577 589 566 570 787 −16.8 −4.2 −5.3

West Virginia Total............................. 4,019 3,916 4,118 4,987 4,905 6,434 2.6 −4.8 −5.1

Northern ............................................ 512 429 515 553 662 1,624 19.3 −6.2 −12.0

Southern ............................................ 3,507 3,487 3,603 4,434 4,243 4,810 .6 −4.6 −3.4

Wyoming ............................................. 3,991 2,672 2,698 2,940 3,035 3,071 49.4 7.1 2.9

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 16,330 16,226 16,400 18,255 19,950 29,054 .6 −4.9 −6.2

Interior Total1 ................................... 6,398 5,636 6,137 6,150 7,789 10,243 13.5 −4.8 −5.1

Western Total1 .................................. 9,138 7,167 7,129 7,968 8,199 8,212 27.5 2.7 1.2

East of Miss. River............................ 19,942 20,032 20,535 22,322 25,470 36,006 −.4 −5.9 −6.3

West of Miss. River........................... 11,924 8,997 9,131 10,051 10,468 11,503 32.5 3.3 .4

U.S. Total............................................ 31,866 29,029 29,666 32,373 35,938 47,509 9.8 −3.0 −4.3

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. For 1997 and prior years, total also includes all technical and engineering personnel.Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less

than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

66 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 43. Average Number of Miners by State and Mine Production Range, 1998

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 3,558 105 427 85 165 229 153 4,722

Alaska ............................................... 104 −−−−−− 104

Arizona ............................................. 697 −−−−− 33 730

Arkansas ........................................... −−−−− 4 − 4

Colorado ........................................... 1,508 − 149 −−− 27 1,684

Illinois ............................................... 3,490 183 170 − − 87 172 4,102

Indiana .............................................. 1,978 472 210 23 21 63 40 2,807

Kansas ............................................... −−− 19 −−− 19

Kentucky Total................................. 3,894 4,590 3,451 1,952 1,081 1,247 1,810 18,025

Eastern ........................................... 2,112 3,595 3,146 1,916 1,076 1,237 1,535 14,617

Western .......................................... 1,782 995 305 36 5 10 275 3,408

Louisiana .......................................... 125 36 −−−−− 161

Maryland ........................................... 211 − 41 79 48 22 32 433

Missouri ............................................ −−− 58 − 14 − 72

Montana ............................................ 803 − 8 −−−− 811

New Mexico ..................................... 1,544 − 23 −−− 15 1,582

North Dakota.................................... 895 −−−−−− 895

Ohio .................................................. 1,939 332 452 163 69 147 97 3,199

Oklahoma ......................................... − 41 115 21 15 − − 192

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 3,701 1,805 1,047 774 559 609 948 9,443

Anthracite ...................................... − 43 159 194 161 232 396 1,185

Bituminous ..................................... 3,701 1,762 888 580 398 377 552 8,258

Tennessee ......................................... − 59 117 71 118 90 62 517

Texas ................................................. 2,319 − 63 −−−− 2,382

Utah .................................................. 1,451 266 71 49 25 − 57 1,919

Virginia ............................................. 691 732 1,570 1,008 596 376 761 5,734

Washington ....................................... 472 −−−− 8 − 480

West Virginia Total ......................... 6,774 3,132 2,307 1,489 923 587 1,955 17,167

Northern ......................................... 2,657 406 423 266 90 63 234 4,139

Southern ......................................... 4,117 2,726 1,884 1,223 833 524 1,721 13,028

Wyoming .......................................... 3,940 51 42 − 13 27 − 4,073

Appalachian Total2........................ 18,986 9,760 9,107 5,585 3,554 3,297 5,543 55,832

Interior Total2 ................................ 9,694 1,727 863 157 41 178 487 13,147

Western Total2 ............................... 11,414 317 293 49 38 35 132 12,278

East of Miss. River......................... 26,236 11,410 9,792 5,644 3,580 3,457 6,030 66,149

West of Miss. River........................ 13,858 394 471 147 53 53 132 15,108

U.S. Total......................................... 40,094 11,804 10,263 5,791 3,633 3,510 6,162 81,257

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines

producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 67 
Table 44. Average Number of Miners at Underground Mines by State and Mine

Production Range, 1998

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 3,408 − 175 − − 98 113 3,794

Colorado ........................................... 974 − 125 −−− 27 1,126

Illinois ............................................... 3,384 41 53 −−− 146 3,624

Indiana .............................................. 337 − 28 −−− 20 385

Kentucky Total................................. 3,193 2,631 2,074 1,435 869 656 1,291 12,149

Eastern ........................................... 1,411 2,126 1,905 1,435 869 656 1,051 9,453

Western .......................................... 1,782 505 169 −−− 240 2,696

Maryland ........................................... 211 − 41 −−− 32 284

New Mexico ..................................... − − 23 −−− 15 38

Ohio .................................................. 1,613 − 79 −−− 26 1,718

Oklahoma ......................................... − − 44 −−−− 44

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 3,582 1,153 475 299 145 161 391 6,206

Anthracite ...................................... −−− 46 − 82 58 186

Bituminous ..................................... 3,582 1,153 475 253 145 79 333 6,020

Tennessee ......................................... − − 38 53 78 74 30 273

Utah .................................................. 1,451 266 71 49 25 − 32 1,894

Virginia ............................................. 691 455 1,183 802 536 324 635 4,626

West Virginia Total ......................... 4,841 2,492 1,811 1,208 823 466 1,507 13,148

Northern ......................................... 2,564 332 309 216 36 24 146 3,627

Southern ......................................... 2,277 2,160 1,502 992 787 442 1,361 9,521

Wyoming .......................................... 82 −−−−−− 82

Appalachian Total2........................ 15,757 6,226 5,707 3,797 2,451 1,779 3,785 39,502

Interior Total2 ................................ 5,503 546 294 −−− 406 6,749

Western Total2 ............................... 2,507 266 219 49 25 − 74 3,140

East of Miss. River......................... 21,260 6,772 5,957 3,797 2,451 1,779 4,191 46,207

West of Miss. River........................ 2,507 266 263 49 25 − 74 3,184

U.S. Total......................................... 23,767 7,038 6,220 3,846 2,476 1,779 4,265 49,391

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines

producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data.

68 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 45. Average Number of Miners at Surface Mines by State and Mine

Production Range, 1998

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10 Zero1

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama ............................................ 150 105 252 85 165 131 40 928

Alaska ............................................... 104 −−−−−− 104

Arizona ............................................. 697 −−−−− 33 730

Arkansas ........................................... −−−−− 4 − 4

Colorado ........................................... 534 − 24 −−−− 558

Illinois ............................................... 106 142 117 − − 87 26 478

Indiana .............................................. 1,641 472 182 23 21 63 20 2,422

Kansas ............................................... −−− 19 −−− 19

Kentucky Total................................. 701 1,959 1,377 517 212 591 519 5,876

Eastern ........................................... 701 1,469 1,241 481 207 581 484 5,164

Western .......................................... − 490 136 36 5 10 35 712

Louisiana .......................................... 125 36 −−−−− 161

Maryland ........................................... −−− 79 48 22 − 149

Missouri ............................................ −−− 58 − 14 − 72

Montana ............................................ 803 − 8 −−−− 811

New Mexico ..................................... 1,544 −−−−−− 1,544

North Dakota.................................... 895 −−−−−− 895

Ohio .................................................. 326 332 373 163 69 147 71 1,481

Oklahoma ......................................... − 41 71 21 15 − − 148

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 119 652 572 475 414 448 557 3,237

Anthracite ...................................... − 43 159 148 161 150 338 999

Bituminous ..................................... 119 609 413 327 253 298 219 2,238

Tennessee ......................................... − 59 79 18 40 16 32 244

Texas ................................................. 2,319 − 63 −−−− 2,382

Utah .................................................. −−−−−− 25 25

Virginia ............................................. − 277 387 206 60 52 126 1,108

Washington ....................................... 472 −−−− 8 − 480

West Virginia Total ......................... 1,933 640 496 281 100 121 448 4,019

Northern ......................................... 93 74 114 50 54 39 88 512

Southern ......................................... 1,840 566 382 231 46 82 360 3,507

Wyoming .......................................... 3,858 51 42 − 13 27 − 3,991

Appalachian Total2........................ 3,229 3,534 3,400 1,788 1,103 1,518 1,758 16,330

Interior Total2 ................................ 4,191 1,181 569 157 41 178 81 6,398

Western Total2 ............................... 8,907 51 74 − 13 35 58 9,138

East of Miss. River......................... 4,976 4,638 3,835 1,847 1,129 1,678 1,839 19,942

West of Miss. River........................ 11,351 128 208 98 28 53 58 11,924

U.S. Total......................................... 16,327 4,766 4,043 1,945 1,157 1,731 1,897 31,866

1 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines

producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 69 
Table 46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 3,247 − 3,247 1,475 4,722

Underground .................................. 2,980 − 2,980 814 3,794

Surface ........................................... 267 − 267 661 928

Alaska.................................................. − 104 104 − 104

Surface ........................................... − 104 104 − 104

Arizona ................................................ 730 − 730 − 730

Surface ........................................... 730 − 730 − 730

Arkansas............................................. − − − 4 4

Surface ........................................... − − − 4 4

Colorado ............................................. 243 141 384 1,300 1,684

Underground .................................. 128 − 128 998 1,126

Surface ........................................... 115 141 256 302 558

Illinois .................................................. 2,382 404 2,786 1,316 4,102

Underground .................................. 2,113 329 2,442 1,182 3,624

Surface ........................................... 269 75 344 134 478

Indiana ................................................ 1,125 − 1,125 1,682 2,807

Underground .................................. − − − 385 385

Surface ........................................... 1,125 − 1,125 1,297 2,422

Kansas................................................. − − − 19 19

Surface ........................................... − − − 19 19

Kentucky Total .................................. 1,639 28 1,667 16,358 18,025

Underground .................................. 1,435 28 1,463 10,686 12,149

Surface ........................................... 204 − 204 5,672 5,876

Eastern ............................................. 498 28 526 14,091 14,617

Underground .................................. 353 28 381 9,072 9,453

Surface ........................................... 145 − 145 5,019 5,164

Western ............................................ 1,141 − 1,141 2,267 3,408

Underground .................................. 1,082 − 1,082 1,614 2,696

Surface ........................................... 59 − 59 653 712

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 161 161

Surface ........................................... − − − 161 161

Maryland ............................................ − − − 433 433

Underground .................................. − − − 284 284

Surface ........................................... − − − 149 149

Missouri .............................................. − − − 72 72

Surface ........................................... − − − 72 72

Montana.............................................. 353 352 705 106 811

Surface ........................................... 353 352 705 106 811

New Mexico ........................................ 516 821 1,337 245 1,582

Underground .................................. − 15 15 23 38

Surface ........................................... 516 806 1,322 222 1,544

North Dakota ..................................... 114 137 251 644 895

Surface ........................................... 114 137 251 644 895

Ohio ..................................................... 1,767 − 1,767 1,432 3,199

Underground .................................. 1,473 − 1,473 245 1,718

Surface ........................................... 294 − 294 1,187 1,481

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 192 192

Underground .................................. − − − 44 44

Surface ........................................... − − − 148 148

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 4,742 17 4,759 4,684 9,443

Underground .................................. 4,077 6 4,083 2,123 6,206

Surface ........................................... 665 11 676 2,561 3,237

Anthracite ........................................ 495 14 509 676 1,185

Underground .................................. 1 4 5 181 186

Surface ........................................... 494 10 504 495 999

Bituminous ....................................... 4,247 3 4,250 4,008 8,258

Underground .................................. 4,076 2 4,078 1,942 6,020

Surface ........................................... 171 1 172 2,066 2,238

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 517 517

Underground .................................. − − − 273 273

Surface ........................................... − − − 244 244

Texas ................................................... − 1,406 1,406 976 2,382

Surface ........................................... − 1,406 1,406 976 2,382

Utah ..................................................... 517 − 517 1,402 1,919

Underground .................................. 517 − 517 1,377 1,894

Surface ........................................... − − − 25 25

Virginia ............................................... 938 153 1,091 4,643 5,734

Underground .................................. 936 107 1,043 3,583 4,626

Surface ........................................... 2 46 48 1,060 1,108

Washington......................................... − 472 472 8 480

Surface ........................................... − 472 472 8 480

West Virginia Total........................... 8,517 31 8,548 8,619 17,167

Underground .................................. 6,975 1 6,976 6,172 13,148

Surface ........................................... 1,542 30 1,572 2,447 4,019

See footnotes at end of table.

70 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 46. Average Number of Miners by State, Mine Type, and Union Type, 1998 (Continued)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Northern .......................................... 2,408 − 2,408 1,731 4,139

Underground .................................. 2,408 − 2,408 1,219 3,627

Surface ........................................... − − − 512 512

Southern ........................................... 6,109 31 6,140 6,888 13,028

Underground .................................. 4,567 1 4,568 4,953 9,521

Surface ........................................... 1,542 30 1,572 1,935 3,507

Wyoming............................................. 304 491 795 3,278 4,073

Underground .................................. − − − 82 82

Surface ........................................... 304 491 795 3,196 3,991

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 19,709 229 19,938 35,894 55,832

Underground .................................. 16,794 142 16,936 22,566 39,502

Surface ........................................... 2,915 87 3,002 13,328 16,330

Interior Total1 ................................... 4,648 1,810 6,458 6,689 13,147

Underground .................................. 3,195 329 3,524 3,225 6,749

Surface ........................................... 1,453 1,481 2,934 3,464 6,398

Western Total1 .................................. 2,777 2,518 5,295 6,983 12,278

Underground .................................. 645 15 660 2,480 3,140

Surface ........................................... 2,132 2,503 4,635 4,503 9,138

East of Miss. River............................ 24,357 633 24,990 41,159 66,149

Underground .................................. 19,989 471 20,460 25,747 46,207

Surface ........................................... 4,368 162 4,530 15,412 19,942

West of Miss. River........................... 2,777 3,924 6,701 8,407 15,108

Underground .................................. 645 15 660 2,524 3,184

Surface ........................................... 2,132 3,909 6,041 5,883 11,924

U.S. Total............................................ 27,134 4,557 31,691 49,566 81,257

Underground ..................................... 20,634 486 21,120 28,271 49,391

Surface .............................................. 6,500 4,071 10,571 21,295 31,866

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines

producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data. See Glossary

for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 47. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1989, 1994-1998

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Injury Type 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

 R Injuries Total1 ........................... 5,222 5,818 6,148 7,377 8,746 12,040 −10.2 −12.1 −8.9

Fatal........................................ 25 30 39 47 45 68 −16.7 −13.7 −10.5 R Nonfatal2 ................................ 5,197 5,788 6,109 7,330 8,701 11,972 −10.2 −12.1 −8.9

Injuries per 200,000

 R Employee-Hours Total........... 5.91 5.39 5.66 6.62 7.28 8.41 9.6 −5.1 −3.8

Fatal........................................ .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 − −6.9 −5.5 R Nonfatal2................................ 5.88 5.35 5.62 6.58 7.24 8.37 9.9 −5.1 −3.8

1 Includes contractors, preparation plants and independent shops and yards.

2 Includes only non-fatal injuries that resulted in absence from work. R Revised.

 Note: Calculations of growth rate are based using unrounded values.

 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Mine Injuries and Worktime, Quarterly, various issues.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 71 
72 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Thousands

Figure 6. U.S. Coal Mine Injuries, 1989-1998

68 66

61

54

47 45 47

39

30

25

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Figure 7. U.S. Coal Mine Fatalities, 1989-1998

 Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Mine

Injuries and Worktime, Quarterly, various issues.

 Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Mine Injuries

and Worktime, Quarterly, various issues.
Productivity

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 73 
Table 48. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 2.33 2.39 2.20 2.24 2.25 2.25 −2.5 0.8 0.4

Alaska .................................................. 5.45 6.41 6.81 7.46 6.94 7.73 −15.0 −5.8 −3.8

Arizona ................................................ 6.43 6.79 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.25 −5.3 −1.0 .3

Arkansas .............................................. 1.95 1.94 − 1.47 1.52 1.75 .3 6.4 1.2

California ............................................. − − − − − 8.21 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 8.47 7.68 7.32 6.14 6.20 4.08 10.2 8.1 8.4

Illinois .................................................. 4.23 4.20 4.18 3.87 3.59 2.77 .8 4.2 4.8

Indiana ................................................. 5.31 5.33 4.98 4.68 4.28 3.86 −.4 5.5 3.6

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − 1.52 1.51 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 7.49 3.82 2.17 2.22 1.93 2.66 96.1 40.3 12.2

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.73 3.94 3.80 3.57 3.25 2.78 −5.5 3.5 3.3

Eastern .............................................. 3.64 3.83 3.68 3.47 3.24 2.58 −5.0 2.9 3.9

Western ............................................. 4.05 4.38 4.29 3.97 3.28 3.62 −7.3 5.4 1.3

Louisiana.............................................. 9.59 10.94 10.86 13.25 13.00 15.04 −12.4 −7.3 −4.9

Maryland.............................................. 3.97 3.93 4.13 3.82 3.68 3.00 1.0 1.9 3.1

Missouri ............................................... 2.49 3.19 3.49 2.55 3.59 3.43 −22.1 −8.8 −3.5

Montana ............................................... 26.11 23.56 21.88 21.06 21.92 18.94 10.8 4.5 3.6

New Mexico ........................................ 8.68 9.37 8.45 6.92 6.77 7.93 −7.4 6.4 1.0

North Dakota ....................................... 17.36 17.82 17.20 16.80 18.84 15.69 −2.6 −2.0 1.1

Ohio ..................................................... 3.63 4.02 3.95 3.62 3.42 2.33 −9.6 1.5 5.1

Oklahoma............................................. 3.37 2.51 2.61 2.97 2.68 2.15 33.9 5.8 5.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3.71 3.63 3.36 3.23 2.98 2.28 2.3 5.6 5.5

Anthracite.......................................... 1.75 1.76 1.92 2.08 1.93 1.12 −.6 −2.4 5.0

Bituminous........................................ 4.01 3.89 3.56 3.37 3.11 2.39 3.2 6.6 5.9

Tennessee............................................. 2.61 2.37 2.20 2.36 2.23 1.72 9.9 3.9 4.8

Texas.................................................... 10.13 10.24 10.13 9.10 8.82 7.31 −1.1 3.5 3.7

Utah...................................................... 6.42 6.34 7.23 7.02 6.59 4.75 1.4 −.6 3.4

Virginia ................................................ 2.76 2.77 2.72 2.50 2.51 2.21 −.5 2.4 2.5

Washington .......................................... 4.71 3.59 3.97 4.04 4.11 3.34 31.1 3.4 3.9

West Virginia Total............................. 4.50 4.46 3.91 3.74 3.69 2.77 1.0 5.1 5.5

Northern ............................................ 4.70 4.48 4.05 3.72 3.63 2.65 4.9 6.7 6.6

Southern ............................................ 4.44 4.46 3.86 3.75 3.72 2.85 −.3 4.5 5.0

Wyoming ............................................. 39.16 34.55 32.06 30.06 26.05 20.28 13.3 10.7 7.6

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.72 3.76 3.48 3.32 3.20 2.49 −1.1 3.9 4.5

Interior Total1 ................................... 5.46 5.54 5.39 4.97 4.43 3.84 −1.4 5.4 4.0

Western Total1 .................................. 19.37 17.75 17.41 15.68 14.58 11.63 9.1 7.3 5.8

East of Miss. River............................ 3.85 3.89 3.63 3.45 3.28 2.63 −1.2 4.0 4.3

West of Miss. River........................... 17.39 16.04 15.66 14.18 13.22 10.21 8.4 7.1 6.1

U.S. Total............................................ 6.22 6.04 5.69 5.38 4.98 3.70 3.0 5.7 5.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. For 1997 and prior years, total

also includes all technical and engineering personnel.Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank,slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.

Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

74 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 2.17 2.21 1.95 2.02 1.94 2.00 −1.5 2.9 0.9

Arkansas .............................................. − − − − 1.62 −− − −

Colorado .............................................. 8.27 7.44 6.67 5.86 5.81 2.91 11.1 9.2 12.3

Illinois .................................................. 4.24 4.07 4.10 3.86 3.49 2.41 4.3 4.9 6.5

Indiana ................................................. 3.62 3.74 3.09 3.22 2.82 2.47 −3.1 6.5 4.4

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − − 2.06 −− −

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.42 3.64 3.53 3.25 2.89 2.54 −6.0 4.3 3.3

Eastern .............................................. 3.28 3.47 3.37 3.12 2.87 2.40 −5.6 3.4 3.5

Western ............................................. 3.83 4.15 4.05 3.70 2.96 3.13 −7.8 6.6 2.3

Maryland.............................................. 4.78 5.17 4.82 4.77 4.52 3.09 −7.5 1.4 4.9

Montana ............................................... − − 3.50 − − −− − −

New Mexico ........................................ 5.78 − − 2.68 2.57 1.03 − 22.5 21.1

Ohio ..................................................... 3.61 4.18 4.19 3.81 3.51 2.00 −13.6 .7 6.8

Oklahoma............................................. 2.18 2.32 1.75 .74 1.70 1.28 −6.1 6.5 6.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 4.19 4.05 3.74 3.49 3.18 2.16 3.5 7.1 7.6

Anthracite.......................................... .94 1.03 .94 .86 .64 .71 −8.6 10.0 3.0

Bituminous........................................ 4.28 4.13 3.81 3.56 3.25 2.19 3.7 7.1 7.7

Tennessee............................................. 2.25 1.83 1.76 2.02 1.90 1.58 23.1 4.3 4.0

Utah...................................................... 6.56 6.34 7.24 7.02 6.59 4.75 3.5 −.1 3.6

Virginia ................................................ 2.56 2.56 2.44 2.25 2.27 2.15 .1 3.1 2.0

West Virginia Total............................. 4.13 4.03 3.50 3.40 3.38 2.59 2.6 5.1 5.3

Northern ............................................ 4.72 4.35 3.98 3.66 3.61 2.61 8.4 6.9 6.8

Southern ............................................ 3.89 3.90 3.29 3.27 3.25 2.57 −.1 4.6 4.7

Wyoming ............................................. 10.09 10.13 9.18 5.97 5.07 3.21 −.4 18.8 13.6

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.55 3.55 3.24 3.08 2.96 2.34 .1 4.6 4.7

Interior Total1 ................................... 4.02 4.07 4.01 3.76 3.26 2.63 −1.3 5.4 4.8

Western Total1 .................................. 7.27 6.88 7.09 6.35 5.98 3.93 5.6 5.0 7.1

East of Miss. River............................ 3.63 3.63 3.36 3.19 3.02 2.39 −.1 4.7 4.8

West of Miss. River........................... 7.18 6.82 7.03 6.32 5.93 3.92 5.3 4.9 7.0

U.S. Total............................................ 3.84 3.83 3.57 3.39 3.19 2.46 .3 4.7 5.1

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. For 1997 and prior years, total

also includes all technical and engineering personnel.Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 75 
Table 50. Surface Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 2.97 3.21 3.50 3.07 3.07 2.72 −7.4 −0.8 1.0

Alaska .................................................. 5.45 6.41 6.81 7.46 6.94 7.73 −15.0 −5.8 −3.8

Arizona ................................................ 6.43 6.79 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.25 −5.3 −1.0 .3

Arkansas .............................................. 1.95 1.94 − 1.47 1.46 1.75 .3 7.4 1.2

California ............................................. − − − − − 8.21 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 8.89 8.17 8.76 6.79 7.06 6.74 8.8 5.9 3.1

Illinois .................................................. 4.16 5.11 4.67 3.89 4.12 3.96 −18.5 .2 .5

Indiana ................................................. 5.58 5.59 5.34 5.04 4.56 4.04 −.3 5.1 3.6

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − 1.52 1.48 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 7.49 3.82 2.17 2.22 1.93 2.66 96.1 40.3 12.2

Kentucky Total .................................... 4.36 4.57 4.35 4.23 3.96 3.23 −4.5 2.4 3.4

Eastern .............................................. 4.27 4.47 4.23 4.13 3.97 2.92 −4.4 1.8 4.3

Western ............................................. 5.02 5.26 5.02 4.77 3.93 4.53 −4.4 6.3 1.1

Louisiana.............................................. 9.59 10.94 10.86 13.25 13.00 15.04 −12.4 −7.3 −4.9

Maryland.............................................. 2.21 2.02 2.56 2.16 2.18 2.90 9.3 .4 −3.0

Missouri ............................................... 2.49 3.19 3.49 2.55 3.59 3.43 −22.1 −8.8 −3.5

Montana ............................................... 26.11 23.56 22.34 21.06 21.92 18.94 10.8 4.5 3.6

New Mexico ........................................ 8.71 9.37 8.45 7.19 7.18 8.03 −7.0 4.9 .9

North Dakota ....................................... 17.36 17.82 17.20 16.80 18.84 15.69 −2.6 −2.0 1.1

Ohio ..................................................... 3.66 3.81 3.69 3.46 3.34 2.52 −4.0 2.3 4.2

Oklahoma............................................. 3.72 2.55 2.73 3.10 2.80 2.18 46.1 7.3 6.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 2.81 2.86 2.72 2.79 2.67 2.47 −1.6 1.3 1.4

Anthracite.......................................... 1.87 1.87 2.06 2.30 2.13 1.19 −.3 −3.2 5.1

Bituminous........................................ 3.28 3.28 2.97 2.95 2.84 2.76 .3 3.7 2.0

Tennessee............................................. 2.90 3.02 2.91 3.20 3.19 2.20 −4.1 −2.3 3.1

Texas.................................................... 10.13 10.24 10.13 9.10 8.82 7.31 −1.1 3.5 3.7

Virginia ................................................ 3.54 3.69 3.79 3.73 3.73 2.59 −4.0 −1.3 3.6

Washington .......................................... 4.71 3.59 3.97 4.04 4.11 3.34 31.1 3.4 3.9

West Virginia Total............................. 5.60 5.71 5.18 4.74 4.62 3.49 −1.9 4.9 5.4

Northern ............................................ 4.55 5.54 4.72 4.31 3.78 2.88 −17.8 4.8 5.2

Southern ............................................ 5.74 5.73 5.24 4.79 4.75 3.71 .2 4.9 5.0

Wyoming ............................................. 39.79 35.42 32.84 31.02 27.37 21.38 12.3 9.8 7.1

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4.11 4.26 4.05 3.88 3.72 2.84 −3.6 2.5 4.2

Interior Total1 ................................... 7.04 7.11 6.89 6.39 5.71 4.97 −1.0 5.3 3.9

Western Total1 .................................. 23.62 21.78 20.96 18.93 17.68 14.64 8.4 7.5 5.4

East of Miss. River............................ 4.33 4.49 4.25 4.03 3.85 3.13 −3.5 3.0 3.7

West of Miss. River........................... 20.15 18.63 17.89 16.23 15.19 11.86 8.1 7.3 6.1

U.S. Total............................................ 9.85 9.46 9.05 8.48 7.67 5.61 4.1 6.5 6.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. For 1997 and prior years, also

includes hours for all technical and engineering personnel.Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

76 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1998

 Number of Average Number Average Production Coal-Producing Mining of Miners per Miner per Hour State and Region Operations1 Working Daily2 (short tons)3

Alabama .......................................................................... 59 4,722 2.33

Underground .............................................................. 17 3,794 2.17

Surface ........................................................................ 42 928 2.97

Alaska .............................................................................. 1 104 5.45

Surface ........................................................................ 1 104 5.45

Arizona ............................................................................ 3 730 6.43

Surface ........................................................................ 3 730 6.43

Arkansas .......................................................................... 1 4 1.95

Surface ........................................................................ 1 4 1.95

Colorado .......................................................................... 15 1,684 8.47

Underground .............................................................. 11 1,126 8.27

Surface ........................................................................ 4 558 8.89

Illinois .............................................................................. 30 4,102 4.23

Underground .............................................................. 20 3,624 4.24

Surface ........................................................................ 10 478 4.16

Indiana ............................................................................. 45 2,807 5.31

Underground .............................................................. 7 385 3.62

Surface ........................................................................ 38 2,422 5.58

Kansas ............................................................................. 2 19 7.49

Surface ........................................................................ 2 19 7.49

Kentucky Total............................................................... 590 18,025 3.73

Underground .............................................................. 336 12,149 3.42

Surface ........................................................................ 254 5,876 4.36

Eastern .......................................................................... 535 14,617 3.64

Underground .............................................................. 305 9,453 3.28

Surface ........................................................................ 230 5,164 4.27

Western ......................................................................... 55 3,408 4.05

Underground .............................................................. 31 2,696 3.83

Surface ........................................................................ 24 712 5.02

Louisiana ......................................................................... 2 161 9.59

Surface ........................................................................ 2 161 9.59

Maryland ......................................................................... 13 433 3.97

Underground .............................................................. 3 284 4.78

Surface ........................................................................ 10 149 2.21

Missouri ........................................................................... 3 72 2.49

Surface ........................................................................ 3 72 2.49

Montana .......................................................................... 6 811 26.11

Surface ........................................................................ 6 811 26.11

New Mexico..................................................................... 8 1,582 8.68

Underground .............................................................. 2 38 5.78

Surface ........................................................................ 6 1,544 8.71

North Dakota.................................................................. 4 895 17.36

Surface ........................................................................ 4 895 17.36

Ohio ................................................................................. 86 3,199 3.63

Underground .............................................................. 15 1,718 3.61

Surface ........................................................................ 71 1,481 3.66

Oklahoma ........................................................................ 6 192 3.37

Underground .............................................................. 1 44 2.18

Surface ........................................................................ 5 148 3.72

Pennsylvania Total......................................................... 351 9,443 3.71

Underground .............................................................. 110 6,206 4.19

Surface ........................................................................ 241 3,237 2.81

Anthracite ..................................................................... 100 1,185 1.75

Underground .............................................................. 28 186 .94

Surface ........................................................................ 72 999 1.87

Bituminous ................................................................... 251 8,258 4.01

Underground .............................................................. 82 6,020 4.28

Surface ........................................................................ 169 2,238 3.28

Tennessee ......................................................................... 31 517 2.61

Underground .............................................................. 16 273 2.25

Surface ........................................................................ 15 244 2.90

Texas ................................................................................ 14 2,382 10.13

Surface ........................................................................ 14 2,382 10.13

Utah ................................................................................. 19 1,919 6.42

Underground .............................................................. 18 1,894 6.56

Surface ........................................................................ 1 25 .00

Virginia ............................................................................ 194 5,734 2.76

Underground .............................................................. 141 4,626 2.56

Surface ........................................................................ 53 1,108 3.54

Washington ..................................................................... 2 480 4.71

Surface ........................................................................ 2 480 4.71

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 77 
Table 51. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 1998 (Continued)

 Number of Average Number Average Production Coal-Producing Mining of Miners per Miner per Hour State and Region Operations1 Working Daily2 (short tons)3

West Virginia Total ....................................................... 435 17,167 4.50

Underground ............................................................... 299 13,148 4.13

Surface ........................................................................ 136 4,019 5.60

Northern ....................................................................... 82 4,139 4.70

Underground ............................................................... 48 3,627 4.72

Surface ........................................................................ 34 512 4.55

Southern ....................................................................... 353 13,028 4.44

Underground ............................................................... 251 9,521 3.89

Surface ........................................................................ 102 3,507 5.74

Wyoming ......................................................................... 23 4,073 39.16

Underground ............................................................... 1 82 10.09

Surface ........................................................................ 22 3,991 39.79

Appalachian Total4........................................................ 1,704 55,832 3.72

Underground ............................................................... 906 39,502 3.55

Surface ........................................................................ 798 16,330 4.11

Interior Total4................................................................ 158 13,147 5.46

Underground ............................................................... 59 6,749 4.02

Surface ........................................................................ 99 6,398 7.04

Western Total4............................................................... 81 12,278 19.37

Underground ............................................................... 32 3,140 7.27

Surface ........................................................................ 49 9,138 23.62

East of Miss. River ........................................................ 1,834 66,149 3.85

Underground ............................................................... 964 46,207 3.63

Surface ........................................................................ 870 19,942 4.33

West of Miss. River ....................................................... 109 15,108 17.39

Underground ............................................................... 33 3,184 7.18

Surface ........................................................................ 76 11,924 20.15

U.S. Total ........................................................................ 1,943 81,257 6.22

Underground ............................................................ 997 49,391 3.84

Surface ..................................................................... 946 31,866 9.85

1 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, or a preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal

will be counted as two operations.

2 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations. Excludes office workers.

3 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation,

processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers.

4 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data.

78 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 52. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 1998

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama............................................... 1.60 1.14 2.35 1.75 2.17

Colorado .............................................. 4.06 − 9.65 − 8.27

Illinois .................................................. 4.23 − 4.62 − 4.24

Indiana ................................................. 3.74 − − − 3.62

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.62 2.67 4.48 2.18 3.42

Eastern .............................................. 3.55 2.67 4.23 2.18 3.28

Western ............................................. 3.82 − 4.67 − 3.83

Maryland .............................................. 2.83 − 5.83 − 4.78

New Mexico ........................................ 5.78 − − − 5.78

Ohio ..................................................... 4.12 − 3.57 − 3.61

Oklahoma............................................. 2.18 − − − 2.18

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 2.73 1.24 5.36 1.07 4.19

Anthracite .......................................... 1.11 .88 − 1.07 0.94

Bituminous........................................ 2.78 1.32 5.36 − 4.28

Tennessee ............................................. 2.51 1.37 − − 2.25

Utah...................................................... 4.06 3.58 7.46 − 6.56

Virginia ................................................ 2.24 2.64 4.34 − 2.56

West Virginia Total............................. 3.84 3.50 5.39 − 4.13

Northern ............................................ 3.92 4.14 5.13 − 4.72

Southern ............................................ 3.81 3.30 5.82 − 3.89

Wyoming ............................................. − − 10.10 − 10.09

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 3.37 2.84 4.44 1.80 3.55

Interior Total5 ................................... 4.00 − 4.64 − 4.02

Western Total5 .................................. 4.14 3.58 8.34 − 7.27

East of Miss. River............................ 3.50 2.85 4.46 1.80 3.63

West of Miss. River........................... 3.90 3.58 8.34 − 7.18

U.S. Total............................................ 3.53 2.93 4.89 1.80 3.84

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide data.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Notes: For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across the mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand

alone mines. Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production,

preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes mines producing

less than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 79 
Table 53. U.S. Coal Mining Productivity by Coalbed Thickness and Mining Method, 1998

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Underground Coalbed Thickness Surface Total (inches) Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4

< 7......................................... − − − − 3.24 3.24

7-12 ......................................... 5.65 − − − 4.92 4.96

13-18 ....................................... − − − − 5.22 5.22

19-24 ....................................... 1.99 1.68 − 2.13 5.15 5.10

25-30 ....................................... 2.27 2.53 − 2.95 5.06 4.74

31-36 ....................................... 3.36 3.13 8.11 1.79 5.09 4.35

37-42 ....................................... 3.22 3.15 2.63 − 5.30 4.43

43-48 ....................................... 3.90 3.13 3.21 1.59 5.17 4.38

49-54 ....................................... 3.85 2.93 3.30 1.75 6.68 5.00

55-60 ....................................... 4.45 5.58 4.03 − 5.91 5.01

61-66 ....................................... 3.87 1.12 6.54 − 6.57 5.87

67-72 ....................................... 4.61 1.84 4.92 − 6.64 5.48

73-78 ....................................... 4.35 − 4.77 − 7.68 5.54

79-84 ....................................... 4.88 1.26 4.97 − 8.42 6.53

85-90 ....................................... 5.25 − 5.04 − 7.56 6.65

91-96 ....................................... 4.76 5.92 5.03 1.62 6.91 5.33

97-102 ..................................... 5.40 − 6.72 − 8.58 8.35

103-108 ................................... 4.26 − 13.02 − 9.95 9.43

109-114 ................................... 4.82 − 8.45 − 7.70 8.04

115-120 ................................... 6.55 − 11.30 − 5.48 6.32

> 120................................... 7.08 1.22 9.24 − 21.09 19.79

U.S. Total5 ............................. 3.53 2.93 4.89 1.80 9.85 6.22

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide data.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

80 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 54. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1998

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Alabama.............................................. 2.35 3.60 2.89 3.22 3.10 1.93 2.33

Underground .................................. 2.32 − 1.95 − − 1.15 2.17

Surface ........................................... 3.08 3.60 3.19 3.22 3.10 2.35 2.97

Alaska.................................................. 5.45 − − − − − 5.45

Surface ........................................... 5.45 − − − − − 5.45

Arizona................................................ 6.90 − − − − − 6.43

Surface ........................................... 6.90 − − − − − 6.43

Arkansas............................................. − − − − − 1.95 1.95

Surface ........................................... − − − − − 1.95 1.95

Colorado ............................................. 9.25 − 3.57 −−− 8.47

Underground .................................. 9.37 − 3.07 −−− 8.27

Surface ........................................... 9.02 − 6.28 −−− 8.89

Illinois .................................................. 4.61 5.40 3.89 − − .13 4.23

Underground .................................. 4.57 6.83 1.63 −−− 4.24

Surface ........................................... 5.66 4.94 4.97 − − .13 4.16

Indiana ................................................ 5.54 5.71 4.48 4.39 3.18 1.54 5.31

Underground .................................. 3.82 − 5.72 −−− 3.62

Surface ........................................... 5.88 5.71 4.29 4.39 3.18 1.54 5.58

Kansas ................................................. −−− 7.49 − − 7.49

Surface ........................................... −−− 7.49 − − 7.49

Kentucky Total .................................. 5.13 4.87 3.93 2.94 2.67 2.47 3.73

Underground .................................. 4.71 4.36 3.73 2.87 2.39 2.23 3.42

Surface ........................................... 7.02 5.56 4.23 3.10 3.88 2.71 4.36

Eastern ............................................. 5.49 4.97 3.87 2.92 2.63 2.48 3.64

Underground .................................. 4.73 4.51 3.74 2.87 2.39 2.23 3.28

Surface ........................................... 7.02 5.62 4.06 3.03 3.70 2.73 4.27

Western............................................ 4.69 4.51 4.57 4.58 10.73 2.02 4.05

Underground .................................. 4.69 3.68 3.65 −−− 3.83

Surface ........................................... − 5.35 5.78 4.58 10.73 2.02 5.02

Louisiana ............................................ 8.61 12.95 − − − − 9.59

Surface ........................................... 8.61 12.95 − − − − 9.59

Maryland ............................................ 6.66 − 3.01 2.04 2.17 3.35 3.97

Underground .................................. 6.66 − 3.01 −−− 4.78

Surface ........................................... −−− 2.04 2.17 3.35 2.21

Missouri .............................................. −−− 2.48 − 2.53 2.49

Surface ........................................... −−− 2.48 − 2.53 2.49

Montana .............................................. 26.14 − 22.87 −−− 26.11

Surface ........................................... 26.14 − 22.87 −−− 26.11

New Mexico ........................................ 8.71 − 6.18 −−− 8.68

Underground .................................. − − 6.18 −−− 5.78

Surface ........................................... 8.71 − − − − − 8.71

North Dakota ..................................... 17.36 − − − − − 17.36

Surface ........................................... 17.36 − − − − − 17.36

Ohio..................................................... 3.62 5.21 3.97 3.49 3.39 2.73 3.63

Underground .................................. 3.67 − 4.21 −−− 3.61

Surface ........................................... 3.37 5.21 3.91 3.49 3.39 2.73 3.66

Oklahoma ........................................... − 5.66 2.56 2.95 3.39 − 3.37

Underground .................................. − − 2.18 −−− 2.18

Surface ........................................... − 5.66 2.80 2.95 3.39 − 3.72

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 5.62 2.81 4.23 3.43 2.82 2.61 3.71

Underground .................................. 5.64 2.27 4.19 2.98 2.29 1.43 4.19

Surface ........................................... 5.25 3.67 4.25 3.69 2.98 2.91 2.81

Anthracite ........................................ − 15.10 2.57 3.15 1.66 2.41 1.75

Underground .................................. −−− 1.70 − 1.28 .94

Surface ........................................... − 15.10 2.57 3.63 1.66 2.95 1.87

Bituminous....................................... 5.62 2.51 4.51 3.53 3.25 2.72 4.01

Underground .................................. 5.64 2.27 4.19 3.25 2.29 1.64 4.28

Surface ........................................... 5.25 2.92 4.86 3.71 3.69 2.90 3.28

Tennessee ............................................ − 4.04 4.03 3.55 2.38 1.75 2.61

Underground .................................. − − 5.49 3.48 2.41 1.66 2.25

Surface ........................................... − 4.04 3.69 3.76 2.34 1.94 2.90

Texas ................................................... 10.32 − 3.60 −−− 10.13

Surface ........................................... 10.32 − 3.60 −−− 10.13

Utah..................................................... 7.63 3.56 6.14 3.62 1.85 − 6.42

Underground .................................. 7.63 3.56 6.14 3.62 1.85 − 6.56

Surface ........................................... − − − − − − .00

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 81 
Table 54. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 1998

(Continued)

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Coal-Producing Total1

State and Region 1,000 500 200 100 50 10

 and over to 1,000 to 500 to 200 to 100 to 50

Virginia ............................................... 4.36 4.35 3.16 2.60 2.34 1.98 2.76

Underground .................................. 4.36 3.86 2.93 2.49 2.29 1.76 2.56

Surface ........................................... − 5.11 3.75 3.12 2.79 4.89 3.54

Washington......................................... 4.76 − − − − 1.16 4.71

Surface ........................................... 4.76 − − − − 1.16 4.71

West Virginia Total........................... 6.22 5.06 4.63 3.58 3.28 2.93 4.50

Underground .................................. 5.78 4.46 4.67 3.52 3.22 2.61 4.13

Surface ........................................... 7.28 7.26 4.50 3.78 3.61 3.68 5.60

Northern .......................................... 5.24 5.38 4.16 3.90 3.52 3.42 4.70

Underground .................................. 5.09 4.64 4.65 3.84 3.95 4.01 4.72

Surface ........................................... 9.73 8.41 3.01 4.13 3.35 3.33 4.55

Southern........................................... 6.87 5.01 4.74 3.50 3.24 2.84 4.44

Underground .................................. 6.60 4.43 4.67 3.44 3.18 2.57 3.89

Surface ........................................... 7.17 7.11 4.99 3.70 4.09 3.98 5.74

Wyoming ............................................. 40.15 16.35 5.81 − 2.44 .93 39.16

Underground .................................. 10.09 − − − − − 10.09

Surface ........................................... 40.83 16.35 5.81 − 2.44 .93 39.79

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 5.02 4.58 3.92 3.11 2.77 2.49 3.72

Underground .................................. 4.68 4.07 3.86 2.98 2.58 2.02 3.55

Surface ........................................... 6.57 5.42 4.02 3.35 3.11 2.87 4.11

Interior Total2 ................................... 6.17 5.16 4.05 3.92 4.26 .83 5.46

Underground .................................. 4.57 3.98 3.23 −−− 4.02

Surface ........................................... 8.28 5.66 4.47 3.92 4.26 .83 7.04

Western Total2 .................................. 20.64 5.58 5.00 3.62 2.05 .98 19.37

Underground .................................. 8.39 3.56 4.08 3.62 1.85 − 7.27

Surface ........................................... 24.16 16.35 7.75 − 2.44 .98 23.62

East of Miss. River............................ 4.98 4.64 3.96 3.13 2.79 2.38 3.85

Underground .................................. 4.65 4.06 3.84 2.98 2.58 2.02 3.63

Surface ........................................... 6.32 5.43 4.12 3.38 3.14 2.64 4.33

West of Miss. River........................... 18.71 6.19 4.07 3.63 2.38 1.37 17.39

Underground .................................. 8.39 3.56 3.67 3.62 1.85 − 7.18

Surface ........................................... 21.00 11.53 4.52 3.64 2.91 1.37 20.15

U.S. Total............................................ 9.36 4.69 3.96 3.14 2.78 2.36 6.22

Underground ..................................... 5.01 4.04 3.83 2.98 2.57 2.02 3.84

Surface .............................................. 15.98 5.59 4.14 3.39 3.14 2.60 9.85

1 Includes stand alone preparation plants.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data.

82 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 55. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,1998

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

Alabama .............................................. 2.30 − 2.30 2.41 2.33

Underground .................................. 2.22 − 2.22 2.01 2.17

Surface ........................................... 3.03 − 3.03 2.93 2.97

Alaska.................................................. − 5.45 5.45 − 5.45

Surface ........................................... − 5.45 5.45 − 5.45

Arizona ................................................ 6.43 − 6.43 − 6.43

Surface ........................................... 6.43 − 6.43 − 6.43

Arkansas............................................. − − − 1.95 1.95

Surface ........................................... − − − 1.95 1.95

Colorado ............................................. 7.29 7.78 7.47 8.75 8.47

Underground .................................. 6.72 − 6.72 8.45 8.27

Surface ........................................... 7.89 7.78 7.83 9.83 8.89

Illinois.................................................. 4.27 3.50 4.16 4.36 4.23

Underground .................................. 4.38 3.17 4.23 4.25 4.24

Surface ........................................... 3.30 4.64 3.65 5.28 4.16

Indiana ................................................ 5.02 − 5.02 5.47 5.31

Underground .................................. − − − 3.62 3.62

Surface ........................................... 5.02 − 5.02 5.97 5.58

Kansas................................................. − − − 7.49 7.49

Surface ........................................... − − − 7.49 7.49

Kentucky Total .................................. 3.56 2.19 3.54 3.74 3.73

Underground .................................. 3.16 2.19 3.14 3.45 3.42

Surface ........................................... 6.58 − 6.58 4.28 4.36

Eastern ............................................. 3.75 2.19 3.66 3.64 3.64

Underground .................................. 1.96 2.19 1.98 3.32 3.28

Surface ........................................... 7.14 − 7.14 4.18 4.27

Western ............................................ 3.50 − 3.50 4.33 4.05

Underground .................................. 3.45 − 3.45 4.08 3.83

Surface ........................................... 4.80 − 4.80 5.04 5.02

Louisiana ............................................ − − − 9.59 9.59

Surface ........................................... − − − 9.59 9.59

Maryland ............................................ − − − 3.97 3.97

Underground .................................. − − − 4.78 4.78

Surface ........................................... − − − 2.21 2.21

Missouri .............................................. − − − 2.49 2.49

Surface ........................................... − − − 2.49 2.49

Montana.............................................. 19.79 24.78 22.27 48.56 26.11

Surface ........................................... 19.79 24.78 22.27 48.56 26.11

New Mexico ........................................ 7.77 8.72 8.35 10.71 8.68

Underground .................................. − − − 6.18 5.78

Surface ........................................... 7.77 8.73 8.35 11.05 8.71

North Dakota ..................................... 12.30 14.12 13.25 18.94 17.36

Surface ........................................... 12.30 14.12 13.25 18.94 17.36

Ohio ..................................................... 3.55 − 3.55 3.73 3.63

Underground .................................. 3.60 − 3.60 3.69 3.61

Surface ........................................... 3.34 − 3.34 3.74 3.66

Oklahoma ........................................... − − − 3.37 3.37

Underground .................................. − − − 2.18 2.18

Surface ........................................... − − − 3.72 3.72

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 3.25 1.19 3.25 4.22 3.71

Underground .................................. 3.60 − 3.59 5.41 4.19

Surface ........................................... 1.44 2.40 1.45 3.24 2.81

Anthracite ........................................ 1.07 1.81 1.09 2.36 1.75

Underground .................................. − − − .98 .94

Surface ........................................... 1.08 2.79 1.10 2.78 1.87

Bituminous ....................................... 3.55 − 3.54 4.54 4.01

Underground .................................. 3.60 − 3.59 5.77 4.28

Surface ........................................... 2.52 − 2.51 3.36 3.28

Tennessee ............................................ − − − 2.61 2.61

Underground .................................. − − − 2.25 2.25

Surface ........................................... − − − 2.90 2.90

Texas ................................................... − 8.78 8.78 12.17 10.13

Surface ........................................... − 8.78 8.78 12.17 10.13

Utah ..................................................... 7.13 − 7.13 6.19 6.42

Underground .................................. 7.13 − 7.13 6.36 6.56

Surface ........................................... − − − − −

Virginia ............................................... 3.00 3.22 3.04 2.69 2.76

Underground .................................. 3.00 2.90 2.99 2.44 2.56

Surface ........................................... − 3.95 3.86 3.53 3.54

Washington......................................... − 4.76 4.76 1.16 4.71

Surface ........................................... − 4.76 4.76 1.16 4.71

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 83 
Table 55. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Type,1998 (Continued)

(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

 Coal-Producing UMWA Other Unions Union Total Nonunion Total State and Region

West Virginia Total........................... 4.10 − 4.08 4.96 4.50

Underground .................................. 3.74 − 3.74 4.64 4.13

Surface ........................................... 5.67 − 5.52 5.65 5.60

Northern .......................................... 5.17 − 5.17 3.96 4.70

Underground .................................. 5.17 − 5.17 3.69 4.72

Surface ........................................... − − − 4.55 4.55

Southern ........................................... 3.65 − 3.62 5.22 4.44

Underground .................................. 2.92 − 2.92 4.88 3.89

Surface ........................................... 5.67 − 5.52 5.92 5.74

Wyoming ............................................. 8.19 10.36 9.56 46.47 39.16

Underground .................................. − − − 10.09 10.09

Surface ........................................... 8.19 10.36 9.56 47.46 39.79

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.50 2.43 3.48 3.86 3.72

Underground .................................. 3.37 2.58 3.36 3.70 3.55

Surface ........................................... 4.20 2.20 4.13 4.10 4.11

Interior Total1 ................................... 4.25 7.64 5.18 5.71 5.46

Underground .................................. 4.05 3.17 3.98 4.06 4.02

Surface ........................................... 4.72 8.55 6.68 7.32 7.04

Western Total1 .................................. 8.87 10.51 9.64 26.96 19.37

Underground .................................. 7.05 − 7.04 7.32 7.27

Surface ........................................... 9.37 10.51 9.98 38.69 23.62

East of Miss. River............................ 3.64 3.06 3.63 3.98 3.85

Underground .................................. 3.48 2.97 3.47 3.76 3.63

Surface ........................................... 4.35 3.27 4.31 4.34 4.33

West of Miss. River........................... 8.87 9.86 9.45 23.92 17.39

Underground .................................. 7.05 − 7.04 7.21 7.18

Surface ........................................... 9.37 9.86 9.69 31.56 20.15

U.S. Total............................................ 4.14 8.84 4.79 7.16 6.22

Underground ..................................... 3.58 2.96 3.56 4.06 3.84

Surface .............................................. 5.91 9.53 7.25 11.15 9.85

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, but excludes office workers. Excludes silt, culm, refuse

bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants

with less than 5,000 employee hours, which are not required to provide data. See Glossary for listing of other unions.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

84 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Distribution

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 85 
86 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1

10

100

1000

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units)

Total

Res/Com

Coke

Other Industrial

Electricity

Foreign

Figure 8. Coal Distribution, 1989-1998

 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report."
Table 56. Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998

Alabama ..................................................... 23,046 23,921 24,636 25,159 23,750 −3.7 −0.8

Alaska......................................................... 1,341 1,424 1,473 1,670 1,505 −5.8 −2.9

Arizona....................................................... 12,169 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 10.2 .3

Arkansas..................................................... 23 9 7 11 28 148.9 −5.0 R Colorado..................................................... 29,294 26,968 25,405 25,635 24,810 8.6 4.2

Illinois ........................................................ 39,754 41,220 47,076 47,869 51,973 −3.6 −6.5

Indiana........................................................ 36,774 34,810 29,674 25,695 30,684 5.6 4.6

Iowa............................................................ − − − − 46 − −

Kansas ........................................................ 440 434 245 291 282 1.5 11.8

 R Kentucky Total .......................................... 153,102 152,746 152,891 151,466 159,130 .2 −1.0 R Eastern..................................................... 120,227 119,196 117,404 117,831 124,257 .9 −.8

Western ................................................... 32,876 33,550 35,487 33,635 34,873 −2.0 −1.5

Louisiana.................................................... 3,331 3,545 3,222 3,426 3,463 −6.0 −1.0

Maryland .................................................... 4,066 4,116 4,199 3,570 3,460 −1.2 4.1

Missouri ..................................................... 296 401 846 464 679 −26.0 −18.7

Montana ..................................................... 42,674 40,942 38,288 39,620 41,916 4.2 .4

New Mexico............................................... 28,026 27,377 25,043 26,154 28,570 2.4 −.5

North Dakota ............................................. 30,557 29,172 30,025 30,118 32,056 4.8 −1.2

Ohio............................................................ 27,166 29,434 28,881 24,345 28,749 −7.7 −1.4

Oklahoma ................................................... 1,731 1,688 2,216 2,158 1,925 2.6 −2.6

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 80,525 73,725 69,128 62,240 61,508 9.2 7.0

Anthracite................................................ 4,887 5,062 4,836 3,994 4,700 −3.4 1.0

Bituminous .............................................. 75,637 68,664 64,291 58,246 56,808 10.2 7.4

 R Tennessee ................................................... 2,741 3,080 3,052 2,627 2,547 −11.0 1.8

Texas .......................................................... 52,935 53,463 49,655 52,832 52,256 −1.0 .3

Utah............................................................ 26,765 26,272 23,868 25,521 23,225 1.9 3.6

 R Virginia ...................................................... 33,539 35,577 36,208 34,024 38,548 −5.7 −3.4

Washington ................................................ 4,622 4,495 4,569 4,863 4,877 2.8 −1.3 R West Virginia Total ................................... 172,612 172,236 169,200 165,187 158,985 .2 2.1

Northern .................................................. 44,784 46,316 46,436 42,615 45,535 −3.3 −.4 R Southern .................................................. 127,828 125,920 122,764 122,572 113,449 1.5 3.0

Wyoming.................................................... 314,891 280,795 279,117 263,601 235,540 12.1 7.5

 R Appalachian Total1 ................................. 463,922 461,287 452,707 434,984 441,805 .6 1.2

Interior Total1.......................................... 168,160 169,119 168,427 166,380 176,208 −.6 −1.2 R Western Total1......................................... 490,339 448,490 438,758 428,966 404,510 9.3 4.9

 R East of Miss. River .................................. 573,325 570,866 564,944 542,182 559,334 .4 .6 R West of Miss. River ................................. 549,096 508,030 494,948 488,148 463,190 8.1 4.3

 R U.S. Total .................................................. 1,122,421 1,078,896 1,059,892 1,030,330 1,022,523 4.0 2.4

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. R Revised Data.

Notes: See Technical Note 1 for the difference between production and distribution. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 87 
Table 57. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998

Domestic

Alabama ..................................................... 18,245 18,108 19,772 19,127 19,220 0.8 −1.3

Alaska......................................................... 970 743 697 815 789 30.4 5.3

Arizona....................................................... 12,169 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 10.2 .3

Arkansas..................................................... 23 9 7 11 28 148.9 −5.0

Colorado..................................................... 27,541 25,445 23,990 24,734 24,059 8.2 3.4

Illinois ........................................................ 39,447 40,447 45,190 45,170 51,737 −2.5 −6.6

Indiana........................................................ 36,774 34,805 29,664 25,625 30,477 5.7 4.8

Iowa............................................................ − − − − 46 − −

Kansas ........................................................ 440 434 245 291 282 1.5 11.8

 R Kentucky Total .......................................... 146,171 145,526 143,748 141,771 151,963 .4 −1.0 R Eastern..................................................... 113,842 112,496 108,927 108,781 117,234 1.2 −.7

Western ................................................... 32,329 33,030 34,821 32,990 34,729 −2.1 −1.8

Louisiana.................................................... 3,331 3,545 3,222 3,426 3,463 −6.0 −1.0

Maryland .................................................... 4,058 3,880 3,555 3,382 3,277 4.6 5.5

Missouri ..................................................... 296 401 846 464 679 −26.0 −18.7

Montana ..................................................... 41,860 40,363 37,770 39,362 41,672 3.7 .1

New Mexico............................................... 28,026 27,352 25,035 25,640 28,540 2.5 −.4

North Dakota ............................................. 30,557 29,172 30,025 30,118 32,056 4.8 −1.2

Ohio............................................................ 26,503 29,024 28,609 24,318 28,688 −8.7 −2.0

Oklahoma ................................................... 1,731 1,688 2,136 2,158 1,925 2.6 −2.6

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 72,616 65,027 59,882 53,961 55,207 11.7 7.1

Anthracite................................................ 4,445 4,575 4,330 3,497 4,346 −2.9 .6

Bituminous .............................................. 68,172 60,452 55,552 50,464 50,861 12.8 7.6 R Tennessee ................................................... 2,741 3,080 3,052 2,627 2,547 −11.0 1.8

Texas .......................................................... 52,913 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 −1.0 .3

Utah............................................................ 24,229 22,857 18,563 21,591 20,527 6.0 4.2

 R Virginia ...................................................... 20,728 22,736 22,776 24,283 26,866 −8.8 −6.3

Washington ................................................ 4,622 4,481 4,526 4,756 4,731 3.2 −.6 R West Virginia Total ................................... 135,082 133,777 127,156 120,866 122,779 1.0 2.4

Northern .................................................. 40,410 41,494 40,398 36,073 39,985 −2.6 .3 R Southern .................................................. 94,671 92,284 86,757 84,793 82,794 2.6 3.4

Wyoming.................................................... 311,162 278,255 276,723 261,333 234,016 11.8 7.4

 R Appalachian Total1 ................................. 393,814 388,130 373,728 357,344 375,819 1.5 1.2

Interior Total1.......................................... 167,285 167,821 165,668 162,947 175,622 −.3 −1.2

Western Total1......................................... 481,137 439,713 428,297 420,132 398,402 9.4 4.8

 R East of Miss. River .................................. 502,364 496,412 483,402 461,128 492,762 1.2 .5

West of Miss. River ................................. 539,872 499,252 484,291 479,294 457,081 8.1 4.3

 R U.S. Total .................................................. 1,042,236 995,664 967,693 940,423 949,843 4.7 2.3

Foreign

Alabama ..................................................... 4,801 5,813 4,864 6,032 4,529 −17.4 1.5

Alaska......................................................... 371 680 776 855 716 −45.5 −15.2 R Colorado..................................................... 1,754 1,523 1,415 900 752 15.1 23.6

Illinois ........................................................ 307 773 1,886 2,699 236 −60.3 6.7

Indiana........................................................ − 5 11 70 206 −100.0 −

Kentucky Total .......................................... 6,931 7,220 9,143 9,695 7,167 −4.0 −.8

Eastern..................................................... 6,385 6,700 8,477 9,051 7,023 −4.7 −2.3

Western ................................................... 546 520 666 645 144 5.0 39.6

Maryland .................................................... 9 236 645 188 184 −96.2 −53.1

Montana ..................................................... 814 579 518 259 243 40.6 35.3

New Mexico............................................... − 25 9 514 30 −100.0 −

Ohio............................................................ 663 410 271 28 61 61.5 81.7

Oklahoma ................................................... − − 80 − −− −

Pennsylvania Total..................................... 7,908 8,698 9,246 8,279 6,301 −9.1 5.8

Anthracite................................................ 443 486 506 497 354 −8.9 5.7

Bituminous .............................................. 7,466 8,212 8,740 7,782 5,947 −9.1 5.8

Texas .......................................................... 22 − 117 20 −− −

Utah............................................................ 2,535 3,414 5,305 3,930 2,698 −25.8 −1.5

Virginia ...................................................... 12,810 12,841 13,432 9,742 11,683 −.2 2.3

Washington ................................................ − 14 43 107 146 −100.0 −

West Virginia Total ................................... 37,531 38,459 42,044 44,321 36,205 −2.4 .9

Northern .................................................. 4,374 4,822 6,038 6,542 5,550 −9.3 −5.8

Southern .................................................. 33,157 33,637 36,006 37,779 30,655 −1.4 2.0

Wyoming.................................................... 3,729 2,541 2,395 2,269 1,524 46.8 25.1

Appalachian Total1 ................................. 70,108 73,157 78,979 77,640 65,986 −4.2 1.5

Interior Total1.......................................... 875 1,298 2,759 3,433 586 −32.6 10.5

See footnotes at end of table.

88 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 57. Domestic and Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by State of Origin, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Producing Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998

Foreign

 R Western Total1......................................... 9,202 8,777 10,460 8,834 6,108 4.8 10.8

East of Miss. River .................................. 70,961 74,455 81,542 81,054 66,572 −4.7 1.6 R West of Miss. River ................................. 9,225 8,777 10,657 8,854 6,108 5.1 10.8

 R U.S. Total .................................................. 80,185 83,232 92,199 89,907 72,680 −3.7 2.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. R Revised Data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Table 58. Major U.S. Coal Distributors, 1998

Company Name

Top Ten Distributors

Atlantic Richfield Co. Kennecott Energy Co.

Arch Minerial Corp. Kerr-McGee Coal Corp.

A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. Peabody Holding Co.

Consol Energy Inc. Texas Utilities Co.

Cyprus AMAX Minerals Co. Zeigler Coal Holding Co.

Other Major Distributors

Addington Enterprises Inc. Mapco Coal Inc.

AEP Service Corp. MDU Resources

Aluminum Co. of America Minicorp Inc.

American Metals & Coal Minnesota Power & Light

AMVEST Minerals Montana Power Co.

Andalex Resources Inc. North American Coal Corp.

Anker Energy Corp. Orion Resources Inc.

BHP Minerials Int ’l Pacific Basin Resources

Black Beauty Coal Co. Pacificorp Electric

Black Hills Corp. Pardee Coal Co. Inc.

Blue Diamond Coal Co. Pen Holdings

Canyon Fuel Co. Peter Kiewit Son ’s Inc.

Chevron Corp. Quaker Coal Co.

Coal Resources Inc. Renco Group Inc.

Coastal Corp. Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal

Diversified Energy Inc. San Miguel Electric CoOp

Dolet Hills Mining Venture Smokey Mountain Coal

Drummond Co. Solar Sources Inc.

Electric Fuels Corp. Sun Coal Co.

Exxon Coal USA Inc. Teco Coal Corp.

General Dynamics Corp. Thames Development LTD

Hanson PLC U.S. Steel Mining Co.

James River Coal Co. United Coal Co.

Jim Walters Resources Inc. Western Fuels Association

Kindall Mining Westmoreland Resources Inc.

Notes: The top 10 distribution companies accounted for 53 percent of the total distribution. Companies are listed in alphabetical order to ensure

nondisclosure of company data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 89 
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

 R Appalachian Total ................................... 393,814 388,130 373,728 357,344 375,819 1.5 1.2

Alabama ................................................. 18,245 18,108 19,772 19,127 19,220 .8 −1.3

Middle Atlantic.................................... − 365 579 616 496 −100.0 −

Pennsylvania ..................................... − 365 579 616 496 −100.0 −

East North Central ............................... 129 − 108 − −− −

Illinois ............................................... 71 − − − −− −

Indiana............................................... 58 − 57 − −− −

Ohio................................................... − − 51 − −− −

West North Central.............................. − − * − −− −

Minnesota .......................................... − − * − −− −

Missouri ............................................. − − * − −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 98 77 385 253 89 28.6 2.6

Florida ............................................... 24 26 8 115 85 −7.5 −26.8

Georgia.............................................. 74 50 373 134 * 47.7 296.6

North Carolina .................................. − − 4 − −− −

South Carolina .................................. −−− 4 3 − −

East South Central ............................... 17,904 17,594 18,628 18,182 18,484 1.8 −.8

Alabama ............................................ 17,831 17,489 18,503 18,024 18,351 1.9 −.7

Kentucky ........................................... − − 15 − −− −

Mississippi......................................... 73 105 110 156 129 −30.1 −13.2

Tennessee .......................................... − − 1 2 4 − −

West South Central.............................. 78 47 39 24 63 65.4 5.8

Arkansas............................................ 78 47 39 24 60 65.4 7.1

Texas ................................................. − − − − 3 − −

 R Kentucky, Eastern ................................ 113,842 112,496 108,927 108,781 117,234 1.2 −.7

New England ....................................... 896 1,884 1,337 1,764 1,447 −52.4 −11.3

Connecticut ....................................... 460 755 659 811 787 −39.1 −12.6

Maine................................................. 194 412 271 258 433 −53.0 −18.2

Massachusetts.................................... 243 717 407 695 227 −66.1 1.7

Middle Atlantic.................................... 2,584 2,754 3,977 4,145 4,522 −6.2 −13.0

New Jersey........................................ − 91 29 381 63 −100.0 −

New York.......................................... 1,818 1,494 1,227 996 1,288 21.7 9.0

Pennsylvania ..................................... 766 1,169 2,721 2,767 3,171 −34.5 −29.9

East North Central ............................... 20,641 21,644 20,340 22,832 24,669 −4.6 −4.4

Illinois ............................................... 661 2,327 1,478 1,442 1,555 −71.6 −19.3

Indiana............................................... 2,753 2,065 1,962 2,397 2,109 33.3 6.9

Michigan ........................................... 7,413 6,759 6,671 6,977 9,524 9.7 −6.1

Ohio................................................... 9,074 9,711 9,490 11,200 10,532 −6.6 −3.7

Wisconsin.......................................... 740 781 738 816 949 −5.3 −6.0

West North Central.............................. 499 543 889 611 564 −8.0 −3.0

Iowa................................................... 234 259 439 160 40 −9.9 55.3

Minnesota.......................................... 89 136 135 211 172 −34.6 −15.2

Missouri............................................. 170 145 315 238 351 17.7 −16.6

Nebraska ............................................ −−− 3 −− −

South Dakota..................................... 7 3 − − 1 108.6 71.3

South Atlantic ...................................... 66,795 65,034 63,554 57,820 60,914 2.7 2.3

Delaware ........................................... 92 − − − 37 − 25.4

District of Columbia ......................... −−−− 13 − −

Florida ............................................... 13,902 14,342 14,015 12,121 12,069 −3.1 3.6

Georgia.............................................. 16,507 15,913 14,689 15,803 15,649 3.7 1.3

Maryland ........................................... 349 139 105 29 423 150.2 −4.7

North Carolina .................................. 17,179 15,840 17,240 12,902 13,590 8.5 6.0

South Carolina .................................. 13,060 12,100 11,417 10,007 11,443 7.9 3.4

Virginia ............................................. 5,336 6,449 5,662 6,129 6,539 −17.3 −5.0

West Virginia.................................... 370 250 426 829 1,151 47.9 −24.7 R East South Central ............................... 22,110 20,070 18,182 20,332 22,813 10.2 −.8

Alabama ............................................ 1,039 727 727 1,434 2,402 42.9 −18.9 R Kentucky ........................................... 10,740 8,645 9,326 9,653 10,317 24.2 1.0

Mississippi......................................... 977 1,219 928 815 1,006 −19.8 −.7

Tennessee .......................................... 9,355 9,480 7,202 8,430 9,088 −1.3 .7

West South Central.............................. 38 116 71 513 802 −67.8 −53.5

Arkansas............................................ − − − − * − −

Louisiana ........................................... 11 78 44 500 791 −86.1 −65.8

Oklahoma .......................................... 27 * 2 4 − NM −

Texas ................................................. − 38 26 8 10 −100.0 −

Mountain .............................................. −−− 2 10 − −

Idaho .................................................. −−− 2 −− −

Wyoming........................................... − − − − 10 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

90 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

Kentucky, Eastern (Continued)

Pacific................................................... 14 16 24 15 15 −12.0 −0.5

Oregon............................................... 14 16 24 15 15 −12.0 −.5

Maryland................................................ 4,058 3,880 3,555 3,382 3,277 4.6 5.5

New England ....................................... − − 3 32 −− −

Connecticut ....................................... − − 3 32 −− −

Massachusetts .................................... − − * − −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 16 24 4 45 − −31.8 −

Pennsylvania ..................................... 16 24 4 45 − −31.8 −

East North Central ............................... − − 19 − −− −

Michigan ........................................... − − 15 − −− −

Wisconsin.......................................... − − 3 − −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 4,022 3,847 3,518 3,297 3,277 4.6 5.3

Delaware ........................................... 96 − 130 97 125 − −6.5

Maryland ........................................... 909 955 1,147 1,216 1,034 −4.8 −3.2

Virginia ............................................. 40 163 27 12 1 −75.7 129.1

West Virginia.................................... 2,978 2,730 2,213 1,971 2,116 9.1 8.9

Ohio ........................................................ 26,503 29,024 28,609 24,318 28,688 −8.7 −2.0

New England ....................................... − − − − * − −

Connecticut ....................................... − − − − * − −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 457 770 1,168 1,568 2,443 −40.6 −34.2

New York.......................................... 12 18 125 25 124 −32.9 −44.1

Pennsylvania ..................................... 445 752 1,043 1,543 2,318 −40.8 −33.8

East North Central ............................... 23,486 25,162 25,201 20,912 24,810 −6.7 −1.4

Illinois ............................................... − − 5 − 17 − −

Indiana............................................... 93 337 464 243 345 −72.5 −28.0

Michigan ........................................... 302 303 246 431 522 −.3 −12.8

Ohio................................................... 23,091 24,521 24,478 20,228 23,907 −5.8 −.9

Wisconsin.......................................... * − 9 10 18 − −60.6

West North Central.............................. 14 7 − 10 33 90.0 −19.6

Iowa................................................... − − − − 15 − −

Minnesota.......................................... 14 7 − − − 90.0 −

Missouri............................................. −−− 10 18 − −

South Atlantic ...................................... 1,670 2,323 2,036 1,620 971 −28.1 14.5

Delaware ........................................... − − − − 29 − −

West Virginia.................................... 1,670 2,323 2,036 1,620 942 −28.1 15.4

East South Central ............................... 851 636 137 53 130 33.9 60.0

Alabama ............................................ 4 69 103 18 37 −94.8 −44.1

Kentucky ........................................... 848 567 30 14 93 49.5 73.6

Tennessee .......................................... − − 4 21 −− −

Pennsylvania,

Anthracite........................................... 4,445 4,575 4,330 3,497 4,346 −2.9 .6

New England ....................................... 29 35 31 37 54 −16.8 −14.0

Connecticut ....................................... 7 7 5 8 11 1.6 −10.7

Maine................................................. 3 4 4 3 6 −20.3 −17.4

Massachusetts.................................... 10 14 14 16 20 −30.4 −16.2

New Hampshire ................................ 5 5 4 5 8 7.1 −9.9

Rhode Island ..................................... 2 3 3 3 3 −24.9 −10.1

Vermont............................................. 2 2 2 3 5 −22.3 −20.4

Middle Atlantic.................................... 4,086 4,236 3,985 2,922 3,227 −3.5 6.1

New Jersey........................................ 14 15 14 15 17 −2.8 −3.7

New York.......................................... 92 130 151 140 121 −29.3 −6.6

Pennsylvania ..................................... 3,980 4,091 3,821 2,768 3,089 −2.7 6.5

East North Central ............................... 44 41 41 37 36 8.0 4.7

Illinois ............................................... 11 15 7 9 8 −27.8 8.0

Indiana............................................... 15 7 6 6 4 114.5 41.3

Michigan ........................................... 1 1 3 9 2 19.4 −17.2

Ohio ................................................... 11 13 19 8 21 −9.3 −13.8

Wisconsin.......................................... 6 6 5 6 2 5.7 29.5

West North Central.............................. 55 52 64 46 31 6.0 15.0

Iowa................................................... 35 43 54 39 26 −18.1 8.2

Kansas ............................................... 1 1 * − −−12.0 −

Minnesota.......................................... 7 4 7 7 3 105.9 21.1

Missouri ............................................. * * * * 2 −12.3 −31.8

Nebraska ............................................ 11 4 1 * * 195.7 NM

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 91 
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

Pennsylvania,

Anthracite (Continued)

North Dakota..................................... * * 2 * * 38.9 7.1

South Dakota..................................... − − − − * − −

South Atlantic ...................................... 116 97 56 91 79 19.8 10.0

Delaware ........................................... 7 8 10 11 11 −13.5 −9.6

District of Columbia ......................... * * * * * −16.5 9.8

Florida ............................................... 4 7 6 9 8 −32.8 −13.9

Georgia.............................................. 2 * * * * NM 66.4

Maryland ........................................... 2 3 1 27 6 −25.0 −21.6

North Carolina .................................. 1 * * * * NM 39.6

South Carolina .................................. 54 31 * 3 8 71.4 60.7

Virginia ............................................. 3 6 6 9 11 −51.2 −26.9

West Virginia.................................... 42 41 32 31 35 3.6 4.8

East South Central ............................... 50 31 50 44 28 59.5 16.1

Alabama ............................................ 11 4 2 1 1 147.2 76.6

Kentucky ........................................... 23 18 22 21 12 24.8 17.5

Mississippi......................................... * * * * * −39.8 7.3

Tennessee .......................................... 16 9 26 22 15 87.6 3.2

West South Central.............................. 9 11 8 12 8 −17.8 5.8

Arkansas ............................................ 2 * * * 1 NM 23.0

Louisiana ........................................... * 8 6 10 3 −100.0 −86.9

Oklahoma .......................................... * * * * * −19.5 −6.8

Texas ................................................. 7 3 1 2 3 138.2 25.2

Mountain .............................................. 21 26 21 13 18 −20.4 4.2

Arizona .............................................. 3 3 1 * * 12.3 134.5

Colorado............................................ 18 20 16 12 15 −8.0 5.2

Idaho .................................................. − − **3 − −

Montana ............................................. − − 2 − * − −

Nevada ............................................... − − * − −− −

New Mexico...................................... * − * * * − −15.9

Utah ................................................... * 3 * * * −99.2 18.9

Wyoming ........................................... * 2 1 − * −99.6 −6.1

Pacific................................................... 15 14 12 12 7 7.5 20.6

Alaska................................................ − − − − * − −

California........................................... * 1 * * * −36.2 −1.8

Oregon............................................... 15 13 12 12 7 9.7 21.9

Washington ....................................... − * − * − −100.0 −

Pennsylvania,

Bituminous.......................................... 68,172 60,452 55,552 50,464 50,861 12.8 7.6

New England ....................................... 1,034 1,214 1,021 1,009 1,025 −14.8 .2

Connecticut ....................................... 176 1 227 516 12 NM 97.7

Maine................................................. 7 7 − 32 24 3.2 −27.1

Massachusetts .................................... 74 497 202 4 292 −85.1 −29.1

New Hampshire ................................ 778 710 592 458 698 9.6 2.8

Vermont ............................................. − * * − −−100.0 −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 43,477 41,194 40,063 37,612 38,188 5.5 3.3

New Jersey........................................ 534 567 538 558 537 −5.7 −.1

New York.......................................... 5,006 3,884 4,125 3,675 5,551 28.9 −2.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 37,937 36,743 35,400 33,379 32,100 3.3 4.3

East North Central ............................... 12,534 10,238 8,460 6,682 6,288 22.4 18.8

Illinois ............................................... 50 − − − 206 − −29.8

Indiana............................................... 296 548 559 222 629 −46.0 −17.2

Michigan ........................................... 4,025 2,876 2,075 2,650 1,756 40.0 23.0

Ohio................................................... 6,021 4,756 4,463 2,707 2,769 26.6 21.4

Wisconsin.......................................... 2,141 2,058 1,362 1,103 928 4.0 23.2

West North Central.............................. 240 178 248 228 46 34.8 51.3

Iowa................................................... 240 178 225 227 46 34.8 51.3

Minnesota.......................................... − − 23 − −− −

Missouri ............................................. −−− 1 −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 9,508 5,783 3,968 3,377 3,783 64.4 25.9

Delaware ........................................... 1,210 655 528 452 314 84.8 40.1

District of Columbia ......................... 2 − − − −− −

Florida ............................................... 213 − − − 135 − 12.1

Maryland ........................................... 3,029 1,921 1,602 1,741 2,278 57.7 7.4

South Carolina .................................. −−− 6 −− −

Virginia ............................................. 402 226 5 20 55 78.0 64.6

See footnotes at end of table.

92 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

Pennsylvania,

Bituminous (Continued)

West Virginia.................................... 4,651 2,982 1,833 1,157 1,002 56.0 46.8

East South Central ............................... 931 1,302 1,144 1,078 993 −28.5 −1.6

Alabama ............................................ 51 95 6 39 34 −45.7 10.9

Kentucky ........................................... 196 344 500 363 460 −43.1 −19.2

Tennessee .......................................... 684 864 639 675 500 −20.8 8.2

West South Central.............................. 42 11 195 6 − 268.7 −

Louisiana ........................................... 42 11 195 − − 293.3 −

Texas ................................................. * 1 * 6 − −96.8 −

Mountain .............................................. 153 199 230 215 183 −22.8 −4.4

Utah ................................................... 153 199 230 215 183 −22.8 −4.4

 R Tennessee ............................................... 2,741 3,080 3,052 2,627 2,547 −11.0 1.8

East North Central ............................... − ***1 −100.0 −

Illinois ............................................... − − − − 1 − −

Michigan ........................................... −−− * −− −

Ohio ................................................... − *** − −100.0 − R South Atlantic ...................................... 1,305 485 141 251 301 169.1 44.3

Florida ............................................... 209 − − 39 40 − 50.8 R Georgia.............................................. 693 403 141 189 202 72.1 36.1

North Carolina .................................. 22 45 1 23 58 −51.1 −21.7

South Carolina .................................. 381 37 − − − NM −

East South Central ............................... 1,435 2,593 2,902 2,363 2,223 −44.7 −10.4

Alabama ............................................ 5 743 331 936 710 −99.3 −70.8

Kentucky ........................................... 7 − 23 5 135 − −52.3

Tennessee .......................................... 1,422 1,850 2,548 1,422 1,378 −23.1 .8

 R Virginia................................................... 20,728 22,736 22,776 24,283 26,866 −8.8 −6.3

New England ....................................... 1 15 18 19 − −93.4 −

Connecticut ....................................... − 5 − − − −100.0 −

Massachusetts.................................... 1 − 8 − −− −

New Hampshire ................................ − 10 10 19 − −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 908 3,469 2,045 2,311 1,490 −73.8 −11.6

New Jersey........................................ 700 805 601 635 190 −13.0 38.5

New York.......................................... 4 13 146 362 156 −71.8 −60.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 204 2,651 1,299 1,314 1,143 −92.3 −35.0

East North Central ............................... 2,563 3,484 3,237 3,557 2,455 −26.4 1.1

Illinois ............................................... 176 677 583 578 302 −74.0 −12.6

Indiana............................................... 1,526 1,587 2,290 2,395 1,202 −3.8 6.1

Michigan ........................................... * * 25 83 376 195.8 −88.3

Ohio................................................... 861 1,220 331 493 488 −29.5 15.2

Wisconsin.......................................... − − 9 9 86 − −

West North Central.............................. −−− 8 −− −

Missouri ............................................. −−− 8 −− − R South Atlantic ...................................... 13,999 12,147 13,507 14,600 18,898 15.2 −7.2

Delaware ........................................... 146 179 166 152 203 −18.7 −8.0

Florida ............................................... 866 451 549 377 531 92.2 13.0

Georgia.............................................. 2,893 1,860 1,785 2,064 3,038 55.5 −1.2

Maryland ........................................... * * 1 392 90 −.8 −80.8

North Carolina .................................. 735 840 1,883 4,056 5,634 −12.5 −39.9

South Carolina .................................. 1,342 1,492 1,605 1,468 1,604 −10.1 −4.4 R Virginia ............................................. 7,602 6,854 7,231 5,657 6,867 10.9 2.6

West Virginia.................................... 415 471 287 433 930 −11.9 −18.3

East South Central ............................... 3,138 3,286 3,581 3,413 3,658 −4.5 −3.8

Alabama ............................................ 857 1,057 1,036 1,083 1,156 −18.9 −7.2

Kentucky ........................................... 3 18 3 142 41 −84.7 −49.1

Mississippi......................................... 18 8 13 − − 109.7 −

Tennessee .......................................... 2,260 2,203 2,529 2,187 2,462 2.6 −2.1

West South Central.............................. 41 14 13 21 − 182.7 −

Louisiana ........................................... −−− 21 −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... 19 − − − −− −

Texas ................................................. 21 14 13 − − 48.5 −

Mountain .............................................. 27 298 332 313 320 −91.1 −46.3

Utah ................................................... 27 298 332 313 320 −91.1 −46.3

Pacific................................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

California........................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 93 
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

West Virginia, Northern ...................... 40,410 41,494 40,398 36,073 39,985 −2.6 0.3

New England ....................................... 914 1,161 1,070 918 1,086 −21.2 −4.2

Connecticut ....................................... 667 687 683 572 166 −3.0 41.7

Maine ................................................. − 1 13 9 − −100.0 −

Massachusetts.................................... 40 132 53 113 648 −69.9 −50.2

New Hampshire ................................ 208 340 322 225 272 −38.8 −6.5

Middle Atlantic.................................... 14,400 14,973 14,276 13,740 12,566 −3.8 3.5

New Jersey........................................ 1,463 1,365 1,530 1,182 1,096 7.2 7.5

New York.......................................... 4,018 4,708 4,140 4,040 3,079 −14.6 6.9

Pennsylvania ..................................... 8,918 8,900 8,606 8,518 8,391 .2 1.5

East North Central ............................... 6,267 5,513 5,410 2,887 5,924 13.7 1.4

Illinois ............................................... 88 − 9 51 23 − 39.2

Indiana ............................................... 485 157 479 38 1,060 208.4 −17.7

Michigan ........................................... 704 679 640 437 392 3.6 15.7

Ohio................................................... 4,630 4,155 3,966 1,977 4,098 11.4 3.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 360 522 317 384 350 −31.0 .7

West North Central.............................. 34 − * 3 12 − 30.7

Iowa................................................... − − − − 2 − −

Minnesota .......................................... −−− 3 10 − −

Missouri............................................. 34 − − − −− −

North Dakota..................................... − − * − −− −

South Atlantic ...................................... 16,983 17,631 17,820 17,213 19,270 −3.7 −3.1

Delaware ........................................... 513 442 449 737 969 16.1 −14.7

District of Columbia ......................... − 3 6 5 10 −100.0 −

Florida ............................................... 664 610 551 259 449 8.9 10.3

Maryland ........................................... 4,146 4,862 4,773 3,341 3,443 −14.7 4.8

North Carolina .................................. − − 13 − 7 − −

South Carolina .................................. − − 3 − 1 − −

Virginia ............................................. 738 635 66 30 75 16.3 77.4

West Virginia.................................... 10,921 11,080 11,959 12,841 14,316 −1.4 −6.5

East South Central ............................... 1,602 1,866 1,522 1,178 492 −14.1 34.3

Alabama ............................................ 396 442 419 604 34 −10.4 84.9

Kentucky ........................................... 1,206 1,424 1,026 527 160 −15.3 65.6

Mississippi......................................... − − − − 5 − −

Tennessee .......................................... − − 78 46 293 − −

West South Central.............................. 102 282 203 − 368 −63.9 −27.5

Louisiana ........................................... 101 282 203 − 368 −64.1 −27.6

Texas ................................................. 1 − − − −− −

Mountain .............................................. −−− * −− −

Nevada ............................................... −−− * −− −

West Virginia, R Southern.............................................. 94,671 92,284 86,757 84,793 82,794 2.6 3.4

New England ....................................... 2,515 1,909 1,853 1,404 1,351 31.7 16.8

Connecticut ....................................... 76 135 24 − − −43.7 −

Maine ................................................. − * 13 − * −100.0 −

Massachusetts.................................... 2,430 1,774 1,792 1,330 1,351 37.0 15.8

New Hampshire ................................ 8 − 24 74 −− −

Rhode Island ..................................... − * − − − −100.0 −

Vermont............................................. * − − − * − −14.3

Middle Atlantic.................................... 9,006 8,702 7,391 7,170 6,738 3.5 7.5

New Jersey........................................ 214 492 216 165 260 −56.5 −4.8

New York.......................................... 1,477 1,560 1,545 1,466 1,345 −5.3 2.4

Pennsylvania ..................................... 7,315 6,651 5,630 5,538 5,133 10.0 9.3

East North Central ............................... 30,360 29,392 30,404 28,905 27,503 3.3 2.5

Illinois ............................................... 1,753 1,807 1,841 1,400 1,403 −3.0 5.7

Indiana............................................... 5,882 5,773 4,809 5,142 4,918 1.9 4.6

Michigan ........................................... 5,150 5,415 4,869 4,416 5,903 −4.9 −3.3

Ohio................................................... 17,514 16,057 18,770 17,566 14,802 9.1 4.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 60 340 115 381 478 −82.2 −40.4

West North Central.............................. 304 245 113 313 237 24.3 6.4

Iowa ................................................... 160 119 44 119 70 35.0 23.2

Minnesota .......................................... 116 87 32 107 92 32.8 6.0

Missouri............................................. 23 39 36 85 70 −40.1 −24.1

Nebraska............................................ 5 − − − −− −

North Dakota..................................... −−− * * − −

South Dakota..................................... − − 1 2 6 − − R South Atlantic ...................................... 42,145 42,166 37,986 36,164 36,045 * 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.

94 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

West Virginia,

Southern (Continued)

Delaware ........................................... 376 450 551 485 621 −16.5 −11.8

District of Columbia ......................... 6 37 17 − 24 −83.6 −29.2

Florida ............................................... 1,570 1,896 1,123 1,341 1,372 −17.2 3.4

Georgia.............................................. 4,782 4,969 4,064 4,159 4,106 −3.8 3.9

Maryland ........................................... 2,735 2,607 3,132 3,209 2,855 4.9 −1.1

North Carolina .................................. 9,780 9,740 8,274 7,169 6,910 .4 9.1

South Carolina .................................. 815 100 347 257 394 NM 19.9

Virginia ............................................. 4,552 4,306 3,217 3,367 3,188 5.7 9.3 R West Virginia.................................... 17,529 18,061 17,261 16,177 16,575 −2.9 1.4

East South Central ............................... 9,676 9,269 8,677 10,433 10,551 4.4 −2.1

Alabama ............................................ 2,268 3,078 2,922 3,487 4,392 −26.3 −15.2

Kentucky ........................................... 6,991 5,540 4,250 5,330 4,744 26.2 10.2

Mississippi......................................... 38 20 24 44 93 94.9 −19.8

Tennessee .......................................... 378 631 1,482 1,571 1,322 −40.0 −26.9

West South Central.............................. 148 66 81 48 60 124.3 25.2

Louisiana ........................................... 27 18 − − 4 50.9 61.1

Oklahoma .......................................... 121 47 77 48 56 159.3 21.5

Texas ................................................. − 2 4 − 1 −100.0 −

Mountain .............................................. 181 229 18 206 212 −20.7 −3.8

Idaho.................................................. 20 − − − * − 162.8

Nevada............................................... 36 − − − −− −

Utah ................................................... 125 229 18 206 211 −45.3 −12.3

Pacific................................................... − 10 28 2 1 −100.0 −

Oregon............................................... − 10 2 2 1 −100.0 −

Washington ....................................... − − 26 − −− −

Interior Total............................................ 167,285 167,821 165,668 162,947 175,622 −.3 −1.2

Arkansas................................................. 23 9 7 11 28 148.9 −5.0

West North Central.............................. 19 1 − − 4 NM 50.6

Missouri............................................. 19 1 − − 4 NM 50.6

South Atlantic ...................................... 1 − − − −− −

Maryland ........................................... 1 − − − −− −

West South Central.............................. 3 8 7 11 24 −60.5 −39.7

Arkansas............................................ − 4 7 11 13 −100.0 −

Oklahoma .......................................... − − − − * − −

Texas ................................................. 3 4 − − 12 −20.9 −27.5

Illinois..................................................... 39,447 40,447 45,190 45,170 51,737 −2.5 −6.6

New England ....................................... −−− * −− −

Connecticut ....................................... −−− * −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... − * * * * −100.0 −

New Jersey........................................ − − * * −− −

New York.......................................... − − * * * − −

Pennsylvania ..................................... − * * * * −100.0 −

East North Central ............................... 21,808 23,224 25,316 25,629 28,299 −6.1 −6.3

Illinois ............................................... 16,652 18,085 16,052 15,587 17,517 −7.9 −1.3

Indiana............................................... 4,184 4,272 8,178 8,559 9,574 −2.0 −18.7

Michigan ........................................... − − 59 70 51 − −

Ohio ................................................... 2 − 18 1 18 − −45.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 969 868 1,008 1,412 1,139 11.7 −3.9

West North Central.............................. 3,767 3,934 5,347 6,270 9,448 −4.2 −20.5

Iowa................................................... 949 731 694 1,216 1,535 29.8 −11.3

Kansas ............................................... 41 129 149 128 193 −68.7 −32.3

Minnesota.......................................... 104 176 100 111 179 −40.9 −12.8

Missouri............................................. 2,674 2,897 4,403 4,815 7,541 −7.7 −22.8

North Dakota..................................... * * − − − NM −

South Atlantic ...................................... 6,941 6,612 7,255 6,651 8,403 5.0 −4.7

Florida ............................................... 6,265 5,585 6,052 6,056 5,846 12.2 1.8

Georgia .............................................. 676 1,027 1,204 584 2,557 −34.2 −28.3

Maryland ........................................... −−− 5 −− −

North Carolina .................................. − * − * − −100.0 −

Virginia ............................................. − − * * −− −

West Virginia.................................... * − − 6 * − 7.1

East South Central ............................... 5,795 5,600 7,130 6,510 5,453 3.5 1.5

Alabama ............................................ 809 1,348 2,155 1,146 750 −40.0 1.9

Kentucky ........................................... 686 152 1 274 343 350.4 18.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 95 
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

Illinois (Continued)

Mississippi......................................... 1,538 1,228 1,749 1,304 1,164 25.3 7.2

Tennessee .......................................... 2,762 2,872 3,225 3,787 3,195 −3.8 −3.6

West South Central.............................. 1,125 1,055 86 86 46 6.6 122.7

Arkansas............................................ 12 67 76 76 30 −82.4 −20.9

Louisiana ........................................... 1,113 987 − − − 12.8 −

Oklahoma .......................................... − 1 10 10 16 −100.0 −

Mountain .............................................. − − 40 − −− −

Colorado............................................ − − 40 − −− −

Indiana ................................................... 36,774 34,805 29,664 25,625 30,477 5.7 4.8

New England ....................................... − − * − * − −

Connecticut ....................................... − − * − * − −

East North Central ............................... 35,079 32,267 26,318 22,461 27,088 8.7 6.7

Illinois ............................................... 1,807 1,920 1,444 963 1,597 −5.9 3.1

Indiana............................................... 32,872 29,916 24,309 21,185 24,733 9.9 7.4

Michigan ........................................... 148 162 181 180 135 −8.5 2.3

Ohio................................................... 7 4 34 26 36 92.2 −32.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 245 265 350 106 587 −7.5 −19.6

West North Central.............................. 478 359 655 454 973 33.1 −16.3

Iowa................................................... 259 347 638 435 426 −25.3 −11.7

Minnesota.......................................... 67 4 − − 43 NM 11.7

Missouri............................................. 152 8 17 19 504 NM −25.9

South Atlantic ...................................... 41 − − − 19 − 20.4

Florida ............................................... 41 − − − −− −

Georgia.............................................. − − − − 19 − −

East South Central ............................... 1,139 2,148 2,677 2,586 2,313 −47.0 −16.2

Alabama ............................................ − − 26 1 56 − −

Kentucky ........................................... 1,093 2,148 2,610 2,466 2,219 −49.1 −16.2

Tennessee .......................................... 47 − 41 119 38 − 5.2

West South Central.............................. 1 2614 −63.9 −35.9

Oklahoma .......................................... 1 * 4 − 3 NM −33.6

Texas ................................................. − 2 2 1 * −100.0 −

Iowa ........................................................ − − − − 46 − −

West North Central.............................. −−−− 46 − −

Iowa................................................... − − − − 46 − −

Kansas .................................................... 440 434 245 291 282 1.5 11.8

West North Central.............................. 440 434 233 291 282 1.5 11.8

Kansas ............................................... 366 354 164 160 165 3.5 22.0

Missouri............................................. 74 80 69 131 117 −7.4 −10.7

West South Central.............................. − − 12 − −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... − − 12 − −− −

Kentucky, Western ............................... 32,329 33,030 34,821 32,990 34,729 −2.1 −1.8

New England ....................................... 55 − − − −− −

Maine................................................. 55 − − − −− −

Middle Atlantic.................................... 26 − − − * − 383.8

New Jersey........................................ 26 − − − −− −

Pennsylvania ..................................... − − − − * − −

East North Central ............................... 772 575 1,016 542 2,762 34.3 −27.3

Illinois ............................................... 324 103 119 − 192 215.3 14.0

Indiana............................................... 270 257 680 243 2,214 5.2 −40.9

Michigan ........................................... 14 − − − 12 − 2.6

Ohio................................................... − 30 31 103 180 −100.0 −

Wisconsin.......................................... 164 185 187 196 165 −11.6 −.1

West North Central.............................. 719 350 237 101 1,170 105.5 −11.4

Iowa ................................................... 504 320 211 75 377 57.6 7.5

Minnesota.......................................... 4 − 22 19 26 − −36.2

Missouri............................................. 211 30 5 6 766 NM −27.6

South Atlantic ...................................... 3,319 3,806 3,254 2,375 2,709 −12.8 5.2

Florida ............................................... 2,255 3,804 3,254 2,375 2,706 −40.7 −4.4

Maryland ........................................... − 2 − − − −100.0 −

North Carolina .................................. − − − − * − −

South Carolina .................................. − − − − * − −

Virginia ............................................. 1,064 * * − − NM −

West Virginia.................................... − − − − 3 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

96 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

Kentucky, Western (Continued)

East South Central ............................... 26,770 28,155 29,605 29,927 28,048 −4.9 −1.2

Alabama ............................................ 1,816 1,798 3,142 1,717 2,038 1.0 −2.8

Kentucky ........................................... 18,950 14,169 16,375 17,488 16,401 33.8 3.7

Mississippi......................................... 3 − 107 − −− −

Tennessee .......................................... 6,000 12,188 9,981 10,723 9,609 −50.8 −11.1

West South Central.............................. 661 112 657 13 8 489.6 199.2

Arkansas............................................ − 4 11 13 8 −100.0 −

Louisiana ........................................... 661 108 646 − − NM −

Louisiana................................................ 3,331 3,545 3,222 3,426 3,463 −6.0 −1.0

West South Central.............................. 3,331 3,545 3,222 3,426 3,463 −6.0 −1.0

Louisiana ........................................... 3,331 3,545 3,222 3,426 3,463 −6.0 −1.0

Missouri.................................................. 296 401 846 464 679 −26.0 −18.7

West North Central.............................. 281 389 846 464 679 −27.7 −19.8

Kansas ............................................... 1 40 345 91 77 −98.2 −69.0

Missouri............................................. 281 349 501 373 602 −19.7 −17.4

West South Central.............................. 15 9 −−− 72.6 −

Arkansas............................................ 15 9 − − − 72.6 −

Oklahoma............................................... 1,731 1,688 2,136 2,158 1,925 2.6 −2.6

West North Central.............................. 153 110 63 31 27 38.2 54.8

Kansas ............................................... 153 110 63 31 22 38.2 62.6

Missouri ............................................. −−− * 5 − −

East South Central ............................... −−− 2 −− −

Kentucky ........................................... −−− 2 −− −

West South Central.............................. 1,570 1,568 2,066 2,121 1,896 .2 −4.6

Arkansas............................................ 71 160 170 159 205 −55.6 −23.3

Oklahoma .......................................... 1,411 1,260 1,712 1,790 1,532 12.0 −2.0

Texas ................................................. 88 148 184 171 159 −40.1 −13.7

Pacific................................................... − − − − * − −

California........................................... − − − − * − −

Texas....................................................... 52,913 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 −1.0 .3

West South Central.............................. 52,913 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 −1.0 .3

Louisiana ........................................... 144 − − − −− −

Texas ................................................. 52,769 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 −1.3 .2

Western Total........................................... 481,137 439,713 428,297 420,132 398,402 9.4 4.8

Alaska..................................................... 970 743 697 815 789 30.4 5.3

Pacific................................................... 970 743 697 815 789 30.4 5.3

Alaska................................................ 970 743 697 815 789 30.4 5.3

Arizona ................................................... 12,169 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 10.2 .3

Mountain .............................................. 12,169 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 10.2 .3

Arizona.............................................. 7,680 6,646 6,499 6,956 7,580 15.6 .3

Nevada............................................... 4,489 4,398 4,470 4,827 4,431 2.1 .3

Colorado................................................. 27,541 25,445 23,990 24,734 24,059 8.2 3.4

New England ....................................... − 107 − − − −100.0 −

Vermont............................................. − 107 − − − −100.0 −

East North Central ............................... 2,680 1,873 1,366 2,333 2,357 43.1 3.3

Illinois ............................................... 2,433 1,196 640 1,628 1,439 103.5 14.0

Indiana ............................................... 51 − − 20 457 − −42.1

Michigan ........................................... 176 10 − 44 − NM −

Wisconsin.......................................... 20 667 726 641 462 −97.0 −54.3

West North Central.............................. 1,994 2,879 3,218 3,109 2,194 −30.7 −2.4

Iowa................................................... 595 644 591 550 171 −7.5 36.6

Kansas ............................................... 1,289 1,264 1,493 1,436 1,148 2.0 2.9

Minnesota.......................................... −−− 13 23 − −

Missouri............................................. 14 907 1,077 1,005 775 −98.5 −63.5

Nebraska ............................................ 97 65 56 104 77 48.8 5.9

South Atlantic ...................................... − − 136 811 435 − −

Florida ............................................... − − 136 811 423 − −

Georgia.............................................. − − − − 11 − −

West Virginia.................................... − − − − 2 − −

East South Central ............................... 4,453 3,349 3,817 2,797 2,038 33.0 21.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 97 
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

Colorado (Continued)

Alabama ............................................ 427 − − − −− −

Kentucky ........................................... 1,962 190 260 1,098 710 NM 28.9

Mississippi......................................... − 35 519 963 735 −100.0 −

Tennessee .......................................... 2,064 3,125 3,038 736 593 −33.9 36.6

West South Central.............................. 3,314 2,296 2,443 2,258 2,563 44.3 6.6

Arkansas............................................ 5 29 − − − −82.1 −

Oklahoma .......................................... −−− 31 26 − −

Texas ................................................. 3,309 2,267 2,443 2,228 2,537 45.9 6.9

Mountain .............................................. 15,004 14,792 12,861 13,353 14,362 1.4 1.1

Arizona.............................................. 467 74 355 105 219 NM 20.9

Colorado............................................ 11,993 12,307 10,704 11,820 12,035 −2.5 −.1

Idaho .................................................. −−− 3 −− −

Montana............................................. 6 − − − −− −

Nevada............................................... 20 69 132 161 306 −71.0 −49.5

New Mexico...................................... 131 99 88 97 84 31.6 11.5

Utah ................................................... 2,238 2,111 1,204 1,113 1,714 6.0 6.9

Wyoming ........................................... 149 131 378 53 4 13.9 145.6

Pacific................................................... 85 138 131 37 73 −38.5 3.7

California ........................................... 78 47 − 1 22 66.1 37.7

Oregon............................................... − 67 94 − − −100.0 −

Washington ....................................... 7 24 37 36 52 −71.2 −39.2

Montana ................................................. 41,860 40,363 37,770 39,362 41,672 3.7 .1

East North Central ............................... 13,719 16,361 15,814 16,582 17,875 −16.1 −6.4

Illinois ............................................... 1,679 1,545 2,162 2,713 4,338 8.7 −21.1

Indiana............................................... 126 1,259 869 720 749 −90.0 −36.0

Michigan ........................................... 9,861 10,866 9,806 11,014 10,481 −9.3 −1.5

Ohio................................................... − 42 26 − − −100.0 −

Wisconsin.......................................... 2,053 2,649 2,950 2,135 2,307 −22.5 −2.9

West North Central.............................. 13,289 11,372 11,622 11,338 10,668 16.8 5.6

Iowa ................................................... 136 105 − 2 * 29.6 493.0

Kansas ............................................... 379 104 − − − 265.1 −

Minnesota.......................................... 10,477 8,847 9,791 10,199 10,038 18.4 1.1

Missouri ............................................. −−− 6 −− −

Nebraska............................................ 81 47 113 205 71 71.0 3.5

North Dakota..................................... 517 402 417 469 559 28.8 −1.9

South Dakota..................................... 1,698 1,867 1,301 457 − −9.0 −

East South Central ............................... 2,833 3,235 2,226 1,234 1,314 −12.4 21.2

Mississippi......................................... 2,833 3,235 2,226 1,234 1,314 −12.4 21.2

Mountain .............................................. 10,516 9,052 7,995 9,611 10,718 16.2 −.5

Arizona.............................................. 94 − − − −− −

Colorado............................................ − − 26 63 89 − −

Montana............................................. 10,360 9,019 7,844 9,477 10,581 14.9 −.5

Wyoming........................................... 62 34 125 71 49 85.1 6.0

Pacific................................................... 1,503 333 113 583 1,097 351.1 8.2

Washington ....................................... 1,503 333 113 583 1,097 351.1 8.2

New Mexico ........................................... 28,026 27,352 25,035 25,640 28,540 2.5 −.4

East North Central ............................... 466 523 732 1,591 1,495 −10.9 −25.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 466 523 732 1,591 1,495 −10.9 −25.3

West North Central.............................. − 68 92 − −−100.0 −

Nebraska............................................ − 68 92 − − −100.0 −

West South Central.............................. 591 482 334 160 296 22.6 18.8

Arkansas............................................ − − 1 − −− −

Oklahoma .......................................... 119 108 17 − − 10.8 −

Texas ................................................. 472 375 316 160 296 26.0 12.3

Mountain .............................................. 26,968 26,279 23,877 23,889 26,749 2.6 .2

Arizona.............................................. 11,138 10,492 8,860 9,259 11,284 6.2 −.3

Colorado............................................ 11 − 9 − −− −

New Mexico...................................... 15,819 15,786 15,009 14,630 15,464 .2 .6

North Dakota......................................... 30,557 29,172 30,025 30,118 32,056 4.8 −1.2

East North Central ............................... −−−− * − −

Wisconsin.......................................... − − − − * − −

West North Central.............................. 30,557 29,172 30,025 30,113 32,055 4.8 −1.2

North Dakota..................................... 30,557 29,172 30,025 28,838 29,731 4.8 .7

South Dakota..................................... −−− 1,276 2,325 − −

See footnotes at end of table.

98 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

Utah ........................................................ 24,229 22,857 18,563 21,591 20,527 6.0 4.2

New England ....................................... − 90 − 17 − −100.0 −

Connecticut ....................................... −−− 17 −− −

Massachusetts.................................... − 90 − − − −100.0 −

Middle Atlantic.................................... * − − 20 68 − −74.3

Pennsylvania ..................................... * − − 20 68 − −74.3

East North Central ............................... 2,266 1,518 2,650 1,932 656 49.3 36.3

Illinois ............................................... 2,266 1,446 2,473 1,776 369 56.7 57.4

Indiana............................................... − − − − 178 − −

Michigan ........................................... − − 44 76 66 − −

Wisconsin.......................................... − 72 133 81 43 −100.0 −

West North Central.............................. 10 140 330 395 414 −92.9 −60.6

Kansas ............................................... * − − * 2 − −67.2

Minnesota .......................................... −−− 1 −− −

Missouri............................................. 10 140 330 393 412 −92.9 −60.5

East South Central ............................... 996 1,521 1,421 1,095 218 −34.5 46.2

Tennessee .......................................... 996 1,521 1,421 1,095 218 −34.5 46.2

West South Central.............................. −−− 4 33 − −

Texas ................................................. −−− 4 33 − −

Mountain .............................................. 16,090 16,710 11,791 15,163 15,793 −3.7 .5

Arizona.............................................. − 78 69 80 86 −100.0 −

Colorado............................................ 3 3 2 6 4 4.3 −3.1

Idaho .................................................. 121 39 65 141 59 210.7 19.5

Montana ............................................. 3 27 − 9 29 −88.6 −42.9

Nevada............................................... 3,431 2,626 2,265 2,150 2,027 30.7 14.1

Utah ................................................... 12,531 13,936 9,389 12,755 13,586 −10.1 −2.0

Wyoming ........................................... − − * 22 2 − −

Pacific................................................... 4,837 2,865 2,366 2,965 3,317 68.8 9.9

California........................................... 4,711 2,718 2,240 2,838 3,074 73.4 11.3

Hawaii ............................................... 34 21 − − − 56.8 −

Oregon ............................................... 1 7 * 2 127 −91.1 −73.7

Washington ....................................... 92 119 125 126 115 −23.0 −5.5

Washington ............................................ 4,622 4,481 4,526 4,756 4,731 3.2 −.6

Pacific................................................... 4,622 4,481 4,526 4,756 4,731 3.2 −.6

Oregon ............................................... − *32 − −100.0 −

Washington ....................................... 4,622 4,480 4,523 4,754 4,731 3.2 −.6

Wyoming ................................................ 311,162 278,255 276,723 261,333 234,016 11.8 7.4

New England ....................................... 33 − − − * − NM

Connecticut ....................................... 33 − − − * − NM

East North Central ............................... 72,475 65,944 62,041 55,223 42,685 9.9 14.1

Illinois ............................................... 20,866 20,528 17,734 15,480 9,779 1.6 20.9

Indiana............................................... 17,282 16,451 18,079 18,306 15,417 5.0 2.9

Michigan ........................................... 11,936 9,558 8,551 7,543 4,267 24.9 29.3

Ohio................................................... 2,435 1,481 37 − − 64.4 −

Wisconsin.......................................... 19,956 17,925 17,640 13,895 13,221 11.3 10.8

West North Central.............................. 94,146 81,627 82,593 77,051 67,523 15.3 8.7

Iowa................................................... 20,690 17,593 18,121 16,955 15,505 17.6 7.5

Kansas ............................................... 14,373 11,759 11,772 14,243 16,490 22.2 −3.4

Minnesota.......................................... 8,568 9,224 8,569 8,816 9,911 −7.1 −3.6

Missouri............................................. 38,358 33,300 33,312 25,731 16,112 15.2 24.2

Nebraska............................................ 11,661 9,198 10,464 10,065 8,908 26.8 7.0

North Dakota..................................... 65 144 * * − −54.9 −

South Dakota..................................... 430 410 355 1,241 597 4.8 −7.9

South Atlantic ...................................... 7,069 6,705 7,409 7,432 5,836 5.4 4.9

Florida ............................................... 1,064 971 591 − 93 9.7 83.8

Georgia.............................................. 5,950 5,688 6,818 6,796 4,914 4.6 4.9

Maryland ........................................... −−− 636 829 − −

North Carolina .................................. − 40 − − − −100.0 −

Virginia ............................................. 55 − − − −− −

West Virginia.................................... − 7 − − − −100.0 −

East South Central ............................... 10,235 7,826 4,010 2,970 594 30.8 103.8

Alabama ............................................ 6,017 5,205 3,686 2,950 251 15.6 121.2

Mississippi......................................... 468 291 26 − − 60.7 −

Tennessee .......................................... 3,750 2,330 298 20 342 60.9 81.9

West South Central.............................. 88,046 80,727 86,413 82,918 80,246 9.1 2.3

Arkansas............................................ 13,353 11,600 14,614 14,033 12,184 15.1 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 99 
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

Wyoming (Continued)

Louisiana ........................................... 10,346 9,628 9,209 10,309 11,215 7.5 −2.0

Oklahoma .......................................... 19,258 18,462 19,751 20,326 17,577 4.3 2.3

Texas ................................................. 45,089 41,037 42,839 38,250 39,270 9.9 3.5

Mountain .............................................. 37,068 34,418 33,363 32,950 34,935 7.7 1.5

Arizona.............................................. 368 57 − − − NM −

Colorado............................................ 8,132 6,692 6,124 5,602 5,132 21.5 12.2

Idaho.................................................. 392 324 268 293 337 20.8 3.8

Montana............................................. 457 572 513 193 119 −20.1 40.1

Nevada............................................... − 17 204 342 1,014 −100.0 −

Utah ................................................... * * 1 * − 85.4 −

Wyoming........................................... 27,719 26,756 26,253 26,521 28,334 3.6 −.5

Pacific................................................... 2,063 996 894 2,775 2,198 107.2 −1.6

California........................................... − 29 − − − −100.0 −

Oregon............................................... 2,062 966 894 1,485 2,197 113.5 −1.6

Washington ....................................... 1 1 1 1,290 1 −5.4 −14.1

 R U.S. Total .................................................. 1,042,236 995,664 967,693 940,423 949,843 4.7 2.3

New England ....................................... 5,478 6,414 5,334 5,199 4,963 −14.6 2.5

Connecticut ....................................... 1,418 1,590 1,602 1,955 976 −10.8 9.8

Maine................................................. 258 423 301 302 463 −38.9 −13.6

Massachusetts.................................... 2,798 3,225 2,475 2,157 2,538 −13.3 2.5

New Hampshire ................................ 1,000 1,064 951 780 978 −6.1 .6

Rhode Island ..................................... 2 3 3 3 3 −25.5 −10.1

Vermont............................................. 2 110 2 3 5 −98.2 −20.3

Middle Atlantic.................................... 74,961 76,487 73,489 70,149 69,737 −2.0 1.8

New Jersey........................................ 2,952 3,334 2,927 2,936 2,163 −11.5 8.1

New York.......................................... 12,427 11,807 11,459 10,705 11,664 5.3 1.6

Pennsylvania ..................................... 59,582 61,345 59,103 56,509 55,910 −2.9 1.6

East North Central ............................... 245,289 237,757 228,473 212,105 214,903 3.2 3.4

Illinois ............................................... 48,838 49,647 44,547 41,626 38,745 −1.6 6.0

Indiana............................................... 65,893 62,630 62,741 59,476 63,589 5.2 .9

Michigan ........................................... 39,731 36,629 33,186 33,928 33,487 8.5 4.4

Ohio................................................... 63,646 61,990 61,713 54,310 56,850 2.7 2.9

Wisconsin.......................................... 27,180 26,860 26,285 22,766 22,231 1.2 5.1

West North Central.............................. 147,000 131,862 136,573 130,836 126,407 11.5 3.8

Iowa................................................... 23,803 20,339 21,017 19,777 18,259 17.0 6.8

Kansas ............................................... 16,601 13,761 13,987 16,091 18,097 20.6 −2.1

Minnesota.......................................... 19,447 18,485 18,679 19,488 20,498 5.2 −1.3

Missouri............................................. 42,019 37,897 40,064 32,821 27,278 10.9 11.4

Nebraska............................................ 11,855 9,382 10,726 10,377 9,055 26.4 7.0

North Dakota..................................... 31,139 29,717 30,444 29,307 30,290 4.8 .7

South Dakota..................................... 2,135 2,281 1,657 2,976 2,929 −6.4 −7.6 R South Atlantic ...................................... 174,010 166,712 161,026 151,954 161,029 4.4 2.0

Delaware ........................................... 2,440 1,734 1,834 1,933 2,309 40.7 1.4

District of Columbia ......................... 8 40 23 6 47 −80.8 −36.4

Florida ............................................... 27,078 27,692 26,285 23,505 23,757 −2.2 3.3 R Georgia.............................................. 31,576 29,910 29,074 29,730 30,497 5.6 .9

Maryland ........................................... 11,171 10,489 10,762 10,596 10,959 6.5 .5

North Carolina .................................. 27,717 26,505 27,414 24,149 26,199 4.6 1.4

South Carolina .................................. 15,651 13,761 13,373 11,745 13,454 13.7 3.8 R Virginia ............................................. 19,792 18,638 16,214 15,225 16,735 6.2 4.3 R West Virginia.................................... 38,576 37,945 36,047 35,065 37,071 1.7 1.0 R East South Central ............................... 109,919 108,483 105,708 104,194 99,350 1.3 2.6

Alabama ............................................ 31,530 32,056 33,057 31,440 30,210 −1.6 1.1 R Kentucky ........................................... 42,704 33,215 34,438 37,382 35,636 28.6 4.6

Mississippi......................................... 5,949 6,141 5,702 4,516 4,446 −3.1 7.5

Tennessee .......................................... 29,736 37,071 32,510 30,856 29,057 −19.8 .6

West South Central.............................. 152,028 143,816 145,394 144,435 142,136 5.7 1.7

Arkansas............................................ 13,536 11,921 14,918 14,317 12,501 13.5 2.0

Louisiana ........................................... 15,776 14,663 13,526 14,267 15,844 7.6 −.1

Oklahoma .......................................... 20,957 19,879 21,584 22,210 19,210 5.4 2.2

Texas ................................................. 101,759 97,353 95,367 93,642 94,581 4.5 1.8

Mountain .............................................. 118,198 113,046 101,497 107,497 115,311 4.6 .6

Arizona.............................................. 19,751 17,351 15,785 16,401 19,169 13.8 .8

Colorado............................................ 20,158 19,022 16,920 17,502 17,274 6.0 3.9

Idaho.................................................. 533 363 333 440 400 46.8 7.5

Montana............................................. 10,825 9,617 8,359 9,678 10,729 12.6 .2

See footnotes at end of table.

100 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 59. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Coal-Producing Region and

State, and Destination Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Coal-Producing Region and State, Percent Percent Change and Destination Census Division 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change

 and State 1997-1998 1994-1998

U.S. Total (Continued)

Nevada............................................... 7,976 7,110 7,072 7,479 7,777 12.2 0.6 R New Mexico...................................... 15,950 15,886 15,097 14,727 15,549 .4 .6

Utah ................................................... 15,074 16,775 11,175 14,602 16,015 −10.1 −1.5

Wyoming........................................... 27,930 26,922 26,757 26,668 28,399 3.7 −.4

Pacific................................................... 14,108 9,596 8,790 11,962 12,228 47.0 3.6

Alaska................................................ 970 743 697 815 789 30.4 5.3

California........................................... 4,789 2,794 2,240 2,839 3,096 71.4 11.5

Hawaii ............................................... 34 21 − − − 56.8 −

Oregon............................................... 2,092 1,079 1,028 1,518 2,347 93.8 −2.8

Washington ....................................... 6,224 4,958 4,825 6,790 5,996 25.5 .9

* Data round to zero.

R Revised Data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Destination State totals may not sum to the Coal-Producing State totals due to unknown or unavailable Destination State(s). Totals may not

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 101 
Table 60. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998

Alabama .................................................... 4,801 5,813 4,864 6,032 4,529 −17.4 1.5

Argentina ................................................ 305 259 216 306 268 17.7 3.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 701 898 703 574 627 −21.9 2.9

Brazil....................................................... 570 901 566 564 42 −36.8 91.4

Bulgaria................................................... 145 244 208 128 35 −40.5 42.3

Denmark .................................................. −−− 26 −− −

Egypt ....................................................... −−− 111 −− −

France...................................................... − − − − * − −

Germany, FR .......................................... 103 224 184 201 − −54.2 −

Italy ......................................................... 417 491 659 930 565 −14.9 −7.3

Japan ....................................................... 349 459 861 1,358 1,266 −23.9 −27.5

Netherlands ............................................. 345 303 73 276 88 14.0 40.7

Romania .................................................. 552 274 170 492 602 101.1 −2.2

South Africa, Rep of .............................. − − 57 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... 248 200 52 48 27 23.7 74.8

Turkey..................................................... 211 408 326 302 137 −48.3 11.3

United Kingdom ..................................... 855 1,151 789 717 872 −25.7 −.5

Alaska........................................................ 371 680 776 855 716 −45.5 −15.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 371 662 776 855 716 −44.0 −15.2

Soviet Union........................................... − 18 − − − −100.0 −

 R Colorado.................................................... 1,754 1,523 1,415 900 752 15.1 23.6 R China (Taiwan)....................................... − 75 219 235 134 −100.0 −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − − − 46 − −

Israel........................................................ − − 30 − −− − R Japan ....................................................... 422 296 343 651 395 42.5 1.7

Korea, Republic of ................................. − − 65 − 177 − −

Mexico .................................................... 1,332 1,152 758 − − 15.6 −

Turkey ..................................................... −−− 14 −− −

Illinois........................................................ 307 773 1,886 2,699 236 −60.3 6.7

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − − 76 − −− −

Brazil....................................................... − − 1 − −− −

Denmark.................................................. − − 364 516 −− −

France ...................................................... −−− 57 −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... − 56 325 722 − −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... −−− 42 −− −

Japan ....................................................... 99 55 66 49 236 80.5 −19.6

Morocco .................................................. − − 103 775 −− −

Netherlands ............................................. − − 120 − −− −

Sweden.................................................... − − 25 − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 208 662 805 538 − −68.6 −

Kentucky ................................................... 6,931 7,220 9,143 9,695 7,167 −4.0 −.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 44 54 67 366 472 −19.6 −44.8

Brazil....................................................... −−− 52 23 − −

Canada .................................................... 1,459 739 1,178 777 1,099 97.4 7.3

China (Taiwan)....................................... 1,867 2,292 1,978 2,397 2,643 −18.6 −8.3

Finland .................................................... − − 4 − −− −

France...................................................... 422 569 548 262 146 −25.8 30.4

Germany, FR .......................................... 71 − − 187 −− −

Iceland ..................................................... 62 107 119 76 7 −42.5 71.0

Ireland ..................................................... −−− 58 −− −

Israel ........................................................ −−− 217 −− −

Italy ......................................................... 291 182 1,745 1,714 805 60.1 −22.4

Jamaica.................................................... − 56 17 62 26 −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 627 223 93 53 100 180.8 58.1

Korea, Republic of ................................. − 795 1,876 1,523 1,163 −100.0 −

Netherlands ............................................. 1,096 1,364 581 621 268 −19.6 42.2

Norway.................................................... 138 198 140 142 74 −30.6 17.0

Portugal ................................................... − − 229 − 24 − −

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 42 48 22 − − −12.8 −

Spain ....................................................... −−− 231 −− −

Sweden.................................................... 33 − − − 16 − 20.4

Turkey ..................................................... −−− 197 −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 781 592 548 758 301 31.9 27.0

See footnotes at end of table.

102 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 60. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998

Pennsylvania ............................................. 7,908 8,698 9,246 8,279 6,301 −9.1 5.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 84 146 − − 29 −42.2 30.3

Brazil....................................................... 382 715 261 380 338 −46.6 3.1

Canada .................................................... 2,286 2,612 1,050 713 844 −12.5 28.3

Denmark .................................................. 672 467 801 1,589 508 43.9 7.2

Dominican Republic............................... 76 64 50 18 65 17.6 3.9

Finland .................................................... − 229 283 544 71 −100.0 −

France ...................................................... 86 − 89 9 −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 775 135 256 383 197 472.2 40.9

Greece ..................................................... − − 491 − −− −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,203 1,116 1,067 1,161 1,015 7.8 4.4

Israel........................................................ 800 861 1,068 995 922 −7.0 −3.5

Italy ......................................................... 85 − 89 − 601 − −38.6

Japan ....................................................... 373 903 1,057 916 834 −58.6 −18.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 74 175 195 109 214 −57.7 −23.3

Morocco .................................................. 75 118 173 − − −36.9 −

Netherlands ............................................. 104 482 732 593 261 −78.5 −20.6

Norway.................................................... − 11 30 28 14 −100.0 −

Peru ......................................................... 71 13 − − − 443.9 −

Portugal................................................... 275 261 592 472 378 5.3 −7.6

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 366 384 112 − −−4.6 −

Spain ....................................................... 16 − − 18 −− −

Turkey ..................................................... −−− 43 −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 101 − 851 299 −− −

Venezuela................................................ 4 5 1 9 11 −24.3 −24.1

Utah ........................................................... 2,535 3,414 5,305 3,930 2,698 −25.8 −1.5

Chile........................................................ − 38 445 170 − −100.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 117 597 648 323 321 −80.4 −22.3

Ecuador ................................................... − 38 − − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 2,418 2,499 4,058 3,000 2,377 −3.2 .4

Korea, Republic of ................................. − 242 154 438 − −100.0 −

Virginia ..................................................... 12,810 12,841 13,432 9,742 11,683 −.2 2.3

Algeria .................................................... 400 299 206 166 269 33.8 10.4

Argentina ................................................ − − − − 53 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 948 945 1,078 764 884 .4 1.8

Brazil....................................................... 2,273 1,347 1,228 1,091 1,218 68.7 16.9

Canada .................................................... 719 508 387 445 786 41.7 −2.2

China (Taiwan)....................................... 179 180 − − 15 −.5 84.4

Egypt....................................................... 548 178 835 333 436 207.1 5.9

Finland .................................................... − 55 − − − −100.0 −

France...................................................... 1,964 984 910 625 563 99.6 36.7

Germany, FR .......................................... − 93 − 68 9 −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 1,817 2,318 2,198 1,474 1,804 −21.6 .2

Japan ....................................................... 218 1,508 2,300 1,796 2,114 −85.6 −43.3

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,361 1,272 466 589 539 6.9 26.0

Netherlands ............................................. 455 650 1,193 793 766 −30.0 −12.2

Portugal................................................... − 62 145 105 91 −100.0 −

Romania .................................................. 51 72 32 − 223 −29.1 −30.9

South Africa, Rep of .............................. − − 76 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... 1,581 1,361 1,370 847 1,297 16.2 5.1

Sweden.................................................... − − 185 115 37 − −

Turkey..................................................... − 81 24 − − −100.0 −

United Kingdom ..................................... 296 928 798 531 579 −68.1 −15.4

West Virginia ........................................... 37,531 38,459 42,044 44,321 36,205 −2.4 .9

Algeria .................................................... − − − − * − −

Argentina ................................................ − − − − 35 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 774 1,463 2,182 2,020 2,312 −47.1 −23.9

Brazil....................................................... 3,378 3,929 4,256 4,329 4,109 −14.0 −4.8

Bulgaria................................................... 857 1,008 1,214 1,360 1,571 −15.0 −14.1

Canada .................................................... 10,500 8,291 7,222 5,784 5,644 26.6 16.8

Chile........................................................ 48 25 195 118 − 86.5 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 139 188 353 355 284 −26.2 −16.4

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 72 −− −

Denmark .................................................. − 70 − 189 − −100.0 −

Egypt....................................................... 413 807 303 714 593 −48.8 −8.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 103 
Table 60. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998

West Virginia (Continued)

Finland .................................................... 455 324 507 792 375 40.2 4.9

France...................................................... 2,740 2,579 3,676 4,408 3,514 6.2 −6.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 349 453 943 1,107 382 −22.9 −2.2

India ........................................................ − − 11 − −− −

Israel........................................................ 101 211 375 − − −51.9 −

Italy ......................................................... 2,948 3,879 4,965 5,138 3,634 −24.0 −5.1

Jamaica.................................................... 30 8 36 − − 285.6 −

Japan ....................................................... 2,975 2,585 2,062 3,431 2,595 15.1 3.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 879 829 1,050 1,013 523 6.1 13.9

Mexico .................................................... 256 25 − − − NM −

Morocco .................................................. 67 96 1,111 275 101 −30.0 −9.8

Netherlands ............................................. 2,152 2,425 1,636 3,628 3,340 −11.3 −10.4

Portugal................................................... 450 889 1,128 1,390 674 −49.4 −9.6

Romania .................................................. 491 1,737 1,315 1,623 925 −71.8 −14.7

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 992 706 947 946 771 40.5 6.5

Spain ....................................................... 758 758 887 1,084 1,255 .1 −11.8

Sweden .................................................... 740 657 882 1,352 886 12.7 −4.4

Turkey..................................................... 1,322 1,295 1,655 1,560 1,468 2.1 −2.6

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,716 3,223 3,133 1,633 1,212 15.3 32.3

Wyoming ................................................... 3,729 2,541 2,395 2,269 1,524 46.8 25.1

Canada .................................................... 1,931 818 443 32 − 136.2 −

Mexico .................................................... 12 − − − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. − − 63 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... 1,786 1,723 1,889 2,237 1,524 3.6 4.0

 R Major States Total................................... 78,677 81,962 90,506 88,722 71,811 −4.0 2.3

Algeria .................................................... 400 299 206 166 269 33.8 10.4

Argentina ................................................ 305 259 216 306 356 17.7 −3.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 2,552 3,506 4,106 3,724 4,324 −27.2 −12.3

Brazil....................................................... 6,603 6,892 6,312 6,416 5,730 −4.2 3.6

Bulgaria................................................... 1,002 1,252 1,422 1,488 1,607 −20.0 −11.1

Canada .................................................... 16,895 12,967 10,280 7,750 8,373 30.3 19.2

Chile........................................................ 48 64 640 287 − −25.6 − R China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,301 3,332 3,197 3,310 3,397 −30.9 −9.3

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 72 −− −

Denmark.................................................. 672 538 1,165 2,320 508 25.0 7.2

Dominican Republic............................... 76 64 50 18 65 17.6 3.9

Ecuador ................................................... − 38 − − − −100.0 −

Egypt....................................................... 961 985 1,138 1,158 1,029 −2.5 −1.7

Finland .................................................... 455 609 794 1,337 446 −25.3 .5

France...................................................... 5,212 4,132 5,223 5,362 4,223 26.1 5.4

Germany, FR .......................................... 1,298 962 1,708 2,668 588 34.9 21.9

Greece ..................................................... − − 491 − −− −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − − − 46 − −

Iceland ..................................................... 62 107 119 76 7 −42.5 71.0

India ........................................................ − − 11 − −− −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,203 1,116 1,067 1,219 1,015 7.8 4.4

Israel........................................................ 901 1,071 1,473 1,212 922 −15.9 −.5

Italy ......................................................... 5,558 6,869 9,656 9,298 7,409 −19.1 −6.9

Jamaica.................................................... 30 64 53 62 26 −53.8 3.5 R Japan ....................................................... 7,481 8,528 10,840 11,254 9,918 −12.3 −6.8

Korea, Republic of ................................. 2,684 3,974 4,582 4,526 3,332 −32.5 −5.3

Mexico .................................................... 1,599 1,177 758 − − 35.9 −

Morocco .................................................. 141 214 1,388 1,050 101 −33.8 8.8

Netherlands ............................................. 4,152 5,224 4,398 5,911 4,723 −20.5 −3.2

Norway.................................................... 138 210 169 170 88 −34.3 11.9

Peru ......................................................... 71 13 − − − 443.9 −

Portugal................................................... 725 1,212 2,094 1,967 1,167 −40.2 −11.2

Romania .................................................. 1,093 2,083 1,517 2,115 1,750 −47.5 −11.1

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 42 48 22 − − −12.8 −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,359 1,090 1,192 946 771 24.6 15.2

Soviet Union........................................... − 18 − − − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 4,389 4,042 4,197 4,465 4,103 8.6 1.7

Sweden.................................................... 773 657 1,091 1,466 939 17.7 −4.7

Turkey..................................................... 1,533 1,784 2,005 2,116 1,606 −14.0 −1.1

United Kingdom ..................................... 5,957 6,556 6,925 4,476 2,963 −9.1 19.1

Venezuela................................................ 4 5 1 9 11 −24.3 −24.1

See footnotes at end of table.

104 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 60. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal by Major Coal-Exporting States

and Destination, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998

Other States Total ................................... 1,508 1,270 1,693 1,185 870 18.8 14.8

Brazil....................................................... −−− 188 184 − −

Canada .................................................... 1,018 438 319 273 93 132.2 81.8

Ireland ..................................................... 20 − 80 − −− −

Japan ....................................................... − 25 − − − −100.0 −

Mexico .................................................... 2 − − 498 −− −

Spain ....................................................... − − − − 153 − −

Unknown................................................. 468 806 1,294 226 439 −42.0 1.6

 R U.S. Total .................................................. 80,185 83,232 92,199 89,907 72,680 −3.7 2.5

Algeria .................................................... 400 299 206 166 269 33.8 10.4

Argentina ................................................ 305 259 216 306 356 17.7 −3.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 2,552 3,506 4,106 3,724 4,324 −27.2 −12.3

Brazil....................................................... 6,603 6,892 6,312 6,605 5,914 −4.2 2.8

Bulgaria................................................... 1,002 1,252 1,422 1,488 1,607 −20.0 −11.1

Canada .................................................... 17,913 13,405 10,599 8,023 8,467 33.6 20.6

Chile........................................................ 48 64 640 287 − −25.6 − R China (Taiwan)....................................... 2,301 3,332 3,197 3,310 3,397 −30.9 −9.3

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 72 −− −

Denmark.................................................. 672 538 1,165 2,320 508 25.0 7.2

Dominican Republic............................... 76 64 50 18 65 17.6 3.9

Ecuador ................................................... − 38 − − − −100.0 −

Egypt....................................................... 961 985 1,138 1,158 1,029 −2.5 −1.7

Finland .................................................... 455 609 794 1,337 446 −25.3 .5

France...................................................... 5,212 4,132 5,223 5,362 4,223 26.1 5.4

Germany, FR .......................................... 1,298 962 1,708 2,668 588 34.9 21.9

Greece ..................................................... − − 491 − −− −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − − − 46 − −

Iceland ..................................................... 62 107 119 76 7 −42.5 71.0

India ........................................................ − − 11 − −− −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,224 1,116 1,147 1,219 1,015 9.6 4.8

Israel........................................................ 901 1,071 1,473 1,212 922 −15.9 −.5

Italy ......................................................... 5,558 6,869 9,656 9,298 7,409 −19.1 −6.9

Jamaica.................................................... 30 64 53 62 26 −53.8 3.5 R Japan ....................................................... 7,481 8,553 10,840 11,254 9,918 −12.5 −6.8

Korea, Republic of ................................. 2,684 3,974 4,582 4,526 3,332 −32.5 −5.3

Mexico .................................................... 1,601 1,177 758 498 − 36.0 −

Morocco .................................................. 141 214 1,388 1,050 101 −33.8 8.8

Netherlands ............................................. 4,152 5,224 4,398 5,911 4,723 −20.5 −3.2

Norway.................................................... 138 210 169 170 88 −34.3 11.9

Peru ......................................................... 71 13 − − − 443.9 −

Portugal................................................... 725 1,212 2,094 1,967 1,167 −40.2 −11.2

Romania .................................................. 1,093 2,083 1,517 2,115 1,750 −47.5 −11.1

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 42 48 22 − − −12.8 −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,359 1,090 1,192 946 771 24.6 15.2

Soviet Union........................................... − 18 − − − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 4,389 4,042 4,197 4,465 4,256 8.6 .8

Sweden.................................................... 773 657 1,091 1,466 939 17.7 −4.7

Turkey..................................................... 1,533 1,784 2,005 2,116 1,606 −14.0 −1.1

United Kingdom ..................................... 5,957 6,556 6,925 4,476 2,963 −9.1 19.1

Venezuela................................................ 4 5 1 9 11 −24.3 −24.1

Unknown................................................. 468 806 1,294 226 439 −42.0 1.6

* Data round to zero.

R Revised Data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1998. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee). See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico

are based upon Form EIA-6A.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 105 
Table 61. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998

Alabama .................................................... 4,743 5,699 4,523 5,330 4,359 −16.8 2.1

Argentina ................................................ 305 259 216 306 268 17.7 3.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 701 898 703 574 627 −21.9 2.9

Brazil....................................................... 570 901 566 564 42 −36.8 91.4

Bulgaria................................................... 145 244 208 128 35 −40.5 42.3

Egypt ....................................................... −−− 111 −− −

France...................................................... − − − − * − −

Germany, FR .......................................... 103 224 184 201 − −54.2 −

Italy ......................................................... 417 377 318 314 421 10.7 −.2

Japan ....................................................... 349 459 861 1,358 1,266 −23.9 −27.5

Netherlands ............................................. 345 303 73 217 88 14.0 40.7

Romania .................................................. 552 274 170 492 602 101.1 −2.2

South Africa, Rep of .............................. − − 57 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... 248 200 52 48 − 23.7 −

Turkey..................................................... 211 408 326 302 137 −48.3 11.3

United Kingdom ..................................... 797 1,151 789 717 872 −30.8 −2.2

Colorado.................................................... − − 30 − −− −

Japan ....................................................... − − 30 − −− −

Illinois ........................................................ −−− 49 236 − −100.0

Japan ....................................................... −−− 49 236 − −

Kentucky ................................................... 5,042 4,762 5,303 3,640 3,120 5.9 12.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 44 54 67 − 66 −19.6 −9.7

Brazil....................................................... −−− 52 23 − −

Canada .................................................... 1,459 739 1,178 777 1,073 97.4 8.0

China (Taiwan)....................................... 87 181 − 76 98 −52.2 −2.9

France...................................................... 422 569 548 262 146 −25.8 30.4

Germany, FR .......................................... 71 − − 93 −− −

Iceland ..................................................... 62 107 119 76 7 −42.5 71.0

Italy ......................................................... 291 − 132 − 42 − 61.8

Japan ....................................................... 518 223 93 53 67 131.8 66.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. − 795 1,876 1,523 1,163 −100.0 −

Netherlands ............................................. 1,096 1,255 581 102 45 −12.7 122.6

Norway.................................................... 138 198 140 142 74 −30.6 17.0

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 42 48 22 − − −12.8 −

Sweden.................................................... 33 − − − 16 − 20.4

United Kingdom ..................................... 781 592 548 483 301 31.9 27.0

Pennsylvania ............................................. 1,912 2,105 1,642 1,467 1,624 −9.2 4.2

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ −−−− 29 − −

Brazil....................................................... 381 713 258 371 333 −46.6 3.4

Canada .................................................... 17 − − 4 −− −

Dominican Republic............................... − − − − 23 − −

France...................................................... − − 89 − −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 598 − − 66 174 − 36.3

Japan ....................................................... 373 903 920 916 834 −58.6 −18.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 74 106 101 109 214 −29.8 −23.3

Netherlands ............................................. 102 − 162 − 17 − 55.6

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 366 384 112 − −−4.6 −

Utah ........................................................... − 97 187 − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... − 97 187 − − −100.0 −

Virginia ..................................................... 12,649 12,288 12,760 8,921 11,155 2.9 3.2

Algeria .................................................... 400 299 206 166 269 33.8 10.4

Argentina ................................................ − − − − 53 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 948 945 1,078 764 884 .4 1.8

Brazil....................................................... 2,273 1,347 1,228 1,091 1,218 68.7 16.9

Canada .................................................... 719 508 387 445 786 41.7 −2.2

China (Taiwan)....................................... 179 180 − − 15 −.5 84.4

Egypt....................................................... 548 178 835 333 436 207.1 5.9

Finland .................................................... − 55 − − − −100.0 −

France...................................................... 1,964 984 910 625 563 99.6 36.7

Germany, FR .......................................... − 93 − 68 9 −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... 1,655 1,776 1,696 758 1,445 −6.8 3.4

Japan ....................................................... 218 1,508 2,300 1,796 2,037 −85.6 −42.8

Korea, Republic of ................................. 1,361 1,272 466 589 539 6.9 26.0

See footnotes at end of table.

106 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 61. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998

Virginia (Continued)

Netherlands ............................................. 455 650 1,193 793 766 −30.0 −12.2

Portugal................................................... − 62 − − − −100.0 −

Romania .................................................. 51 72 32 − 223 −29.1 −30.9

South Africa, Rep of .............................. − − 76 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... 1,581 1,350 1,370 847 1,297 17.2 5.1

Sweden.................................................... − − 185 115 37 − −

Turkey..................................................... − 81 − − − −100.0 −

United Kingdom ..................................... 296 928 798 531 579 −68.1 −15.4

West Virginia ........................................... 32,224 30,327 31,717 34,633 31,603 6.3 .5

Algeria .................................................... − − − − * − −

Argentina ................................................ − − − − 35 − −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 602 822 1,261 1,175 1,302 −26.7 −17.5

Brazil....................................................... 3,378 3,927 4,247 4,329 4,109 −14.0 −4.8

Bulgaria................................................... 857 1,008 1,152 1,360 1,571 −15.0 −14.1

Canada .................................................... 8,945 6,956 6,907 5,759 5,605 28.6 12.4

Chile........................................................ − − 43 − −− −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 139 188 353 355 284 −26.2 −16.4

Egypt....................................................... 413 807 303 714 593 −48.8 −8.7

Finland .................................................... 455 324 507 683 375 40.2 4.9

France...................................................... 2,740 2,286 2,859 3,594 3,514 19.9 −6.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 349 419 584 254 382 −16.6 −2.2

India ........................................................ − − 11 − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 2,326 2,084 2,361 2,873 2,927 11.6 −5.6

Japan ....................................................... 2,975 2,585 2,062 3,222 2,148 15.1 8.5

Korea, Republic of ................................. 879 829 1,050 1,013 523 6.1 13.9

Mexico .................................................... − 25 − − − −100.0 −

Netherlands ............................................. 1,979 1,977 1,223 1,523 1,717 .1 3.6

Portugal ................................................... 245 118 164 33 − 107.6 −

Romania .................................................. 491 1,737 1,315 1,623 925 −71.8 −14.7

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 992 706 947 946 771 40.5 6.5

Spain ....................................................... 758 681 818 1,084 1,255 11.4 −11.8

Sweden .................................................... 740 657 882 1,352 886 12.7 −4.4

Turkey..................................................... 1,322 1,295 1,643 1,560 1,468 2.1 −2.6

United Kingdom ..................................... 1,637 897 1,024 1,182 1,212 82.6 7.8

Major States Total................................... 56,569 55,278 56,162 54,039 52,098 2.3 2.1

Algeria .................................................... 400 299 206 166 269 33.8 10.4

Argentina ................................................ 305 259 216 306 356 17.7 −3.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 2,296 2,719 3,109 2,513 2,908 −15.6 −5.7

Brazil....................................................... 6,602 6,888 6,298 6,407 5,725 −4.2 3.6

Bulgaria................................................... 1,002 1,252 1,361 1,488 1,607 −20.0 −11.1

Canada .................................................... 11,140 8,203 8,472 6,986 7,464 35.8 10.5

Chile........................................................ − − 43 − −− −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 404 549 353 431 397 −26.3 .5

Dominican Republic............................... − − − − 23 − −

Egypt....................................................... 961 985 1,138 1,158 1,029 −2.5 −1.7

Finland .................................................... 455 379 507 683 375 19.9 4.9

France...................................................... 5,126 3,839 4,406 4,481 4,223 33.5 5.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 1,121 736 769 681 565 52.4 18.7

Iceland ..................................................... 62 107 119 76 7 −42.5 71.0

India ........................................................ − − 11 − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 4,690 4,238 4,507 3,944 4,836 10.7 −.8

Japan ....................................................... 4,433 5,775 6,453 7,395 6,588 −23.2 −9.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 2,313 3,001 3,493 3,234 2,438 −22.9 −1.3

Mexico .................................................... − 25 − − − −100.0 −

Netherlands ............................................. 3,977 4,185 3,233 2,635 2,633 −5.0 10.9

Norway.................................................... 138 198 140 142 74 −30.6 17.0

Portugal ................................................... 245 179 164 33 − 36.3 −

Romania .................................................. 1,093 2,083 1,517 2,115 1,750 −47.5 −11.1

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 42 48 22 − − −12.8 −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,359 1,090 1,192 946 771 24.6 15.2

Spain ....................................................... 2,587 2,231 2,240 1,979 2,552 16.0 .3

Sweden.................................................... 773 657 1,066 1,466 939 17.7 −4.7

Turkey..................................................... 1,533 1,784 1,969 1,862 1,606 −14.0 −1.1

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,512 3,568 3,160 2,913 2,963 −1.6 4.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 107 
Table 61. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Metallurgical Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998

Other States Total ................................... −−− 188 184 − −100.0

Brazil....................................................... −−− 188 184 − −

U.S. Total .................................................. 56,569 55,278 56,162 54,228 52,282 2.3 2.0

Algeria .................................................... 400 299 206 166 269 33.8 10.4

Argentina ................................................ 305 259 216 306 356 17.7 −3.8

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 2,296 2,719 3,109 2,513 2,908 −15.6 −5.7

Brazil....................................................... 6,602 6,888 6,298 6,596 5,909 −4.2 2.8

Bulgaria................................................... 1,002 1,252 1,361 1,488 1,607 −20.0 −11.1

Canada .................................................... 11,140 8,203 8,472 6,986 7,464 35.8 10.5

Chile........................................................ − − 43 − −− −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 404 549 353 431 397 −26.3 .5

Dominican Republic............................... − − − − 23 − −

Egypt....................................................... 961 985 1,138 1,158 1,029 −2.5 −1.7

Finland .................................................... 455 379 507 683 375 19.9 4.9

France...................................................... 5,126 3,839 4,406 4,481 4,223 33.5 5.0

Germany, FR .......................................... 1,121 736 769 681 565 52.4 18.7

Iceland ..................................................... 62 107 119 76 7 −42.5 71.0

India ........................................................ − − 11 − −− −

Italy ......................................................... 4,690 4,238 4,507 3,944 4,836 10.7 −.8

Japan ....................................................... 4,433 5,775 6,453 7,395 6,588 −23.2 −9.4

Korea, Republic of ................................. 2,313 3,001 3,493 3,234 2,438 −22.9 −1.3

Mexico .................................................... − 25 − − − −100.0 −

Netherlands ............................................. 3,977 4,185 3,233 2,635 2,633 −5.0 10.9

Norway.................................................... 138 198 140 142 74 −30.6 17.0

Portugal ................................................... 245 179 164 33 − 36.3 −

Romania .................................................. 1,093 2,083 1,517 2,115 1,750 −47.5 −11.1

Saudi Arabia ........................................... 42 48 22 − − −12.8 −

South Africa, Rep of .............................. 1,359 1,090 1,192 946 771 24.6 15.2

Spain ....................................................... 2,587 2,231 2,240 1,979 2,552 16.0 .3

Sweden.................................................... 773 657 1,066 1,466 939 17.7 −4.7

Turkey..................................................... 1,533 1,784 1,969 1,862 1,606 −14.0 −1.1

United Kingdom ..................................... 3,512 3,568 3,160 2,913 2,963 −1.6 4.3

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1998. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee). See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico

are based upon Form EIA-6A.

108 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998

Alabama .................................................... 59 114 341 702 170 −48.5 −23.4

Denmark .................................................. −−− 26 −− −

Italy ......................................................... − 114 341 617 144 −100.0 −

Netherlands ............................................. −−− 59 −− −

Spain ....................................................... − − − − 27 − −

United Kingdom ..................................... 59 − − − −− −

Alaska........................................................ 371 680 776 855 716 −45.5 −15.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 371 662 776 855 716 −44.0 −15.2

Soviet Union........................................... − 18 − − − −100.0 −

 R Colorado.................................................... 1,754 1,523 1,385 900 752 15.1 23.6 R China (Taiwan)....................................... − 75 219 235 134 −100.0 −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − − − 46 − −

Israel........................................................ − − 30 − −− − R Japan ....................................................... 422 296 314 651 395 42.5 1.7

Korea, Republic of ................................. − − 65 − 177 − −

Mexico .................................................... 1,332 1,152 758 − − 15.6 −

Turkey ..................................................... −−− 14 −− −

Illinois........................................................ 307 773 1,886 2,650 − −60.3 −

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ − − 76 − −− −

Brazil....................................................... − − 1 − −− −

Denmark.................................................. − − 364 516 −− −

France ...................................................... −−− 57 −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... − 56 325 722 − −100.0 −

Italy ......................................................... −−− 42 −− −

Japan ....................................................... 99 55 66 − − 80.5 −

Morocco .................................................. − − 103 775 −− −

Netherlands ............................................. − − 120 − −− −

Sweden.................................................... − − 25 − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 208 662 805 538 − −68.6 −

Kentucky ................................................... 1,889 2,458 3,841 6,055 4,047 −23.1 −17.3

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ −−− 366 406 − −

Canada .................................................... − − − − 26 − −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 1,780 2,111 1,978 2,321 2,545 −15.7 −8.5

Finland .................................................... − − 4 − −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... −−− 95 −− −

Ireland ..................................................... −−− 58 −− −

Israel ........................................................ −−− 217 −− −

Italy ......................................................... − 182 1,613 1,714 763 −100.0 −

Jamaica.................................................... − 56 17 62 26 −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 109 − − − 33 − 34.8

Netherlands ............................................. − 109 − 519 223 −100.0 −

Portugal ................................................... − − 229 − 24 − −

Spain ....................................................... −−− 231 −− −

Turkey ..................................................... −−− 197 −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... −−− 275 −− −

Pennsylvania ............................................. 5,996 6,593 7,604 6,812 4,677 −9.0 6.4

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 84 146 − − −−42.2 −

Brazil....................................................... 1 2 3 9 5 −49.5 −30.5

Canada .................................................... 2,269 2,612 1,050 708 844 −13.1 28.1

Denmark .................................................. 672 467 801 1,589 508 43.9 7.2

Dominican Republic............................... 76 64 50 18 42 17.6 16.1

Finland .................................................... − 229 283 544 71 −100.0 −

France ...................................................... 86 − − 9 −− −

Germany, FR .......................................... 177 135 256 317 23 30.4 66.1

Greece ..................................................... − − 491 − −− −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,203 1,116 1,067 1,161 1,015 7.8 4.4

Israel........................................................ 800 861 1,068 995 922 −7.0 −3.5

Italy ......................................................... 85 − 89 − 601 − −38.6

Japan ....................................................... − − 136 − −− −

Korea, Republic of ................................. − 70 94 − −−100.0 −

Morocco .................................................. 75 118 173 − − −36.9 −

Netherlands ............................................. 1 482 570 593 244 −99.7 −72.7

Norway.................................................... − 11 30 28 14 −100.0 −

Peru ......................................................... 71 13 − − − 443.9 −

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 109 
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998

Pennsylvania (Continued)

Portugal................................................... 275 261 592 472 378 5.3 −7.6

Spain ....................................................... 16 − − 18 −− −

Turkey ..................................................... −−− 43 −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 101 − 851 299 −− −

Venezuela................................................ 4 5 1 9 11 −24.3 −24.1

Utah ........................................................... 2,535 3,317 5,118 3,930 2,698 −23.6 −1.5

Chile........................................................ − 38 445 170 − −100.0 −

China (Taiwan)....................................... 117 597 648 323 321 −80.4 −22.3

Ecuador ................................................... − 38 − − − −100.0 −

Japan ....................................................... 2,418 2,402 3,871 3,000 2,377 .7 .4

Korea, Republic of ................................. − 242 154 438 − −100.0 −

Virginia ..................................................... 162 553 671 821 527 −70.7 −25.6

Italy ......................................................... 162 542 502 716 359 −70.1 −18.0

Japan ....................................................... − − − − 77 − −

Portugal................................................... − − 145 105 91 − −

Spain ....................................................... − 11 − − − −100.0 −

Turkey..................................................... − − 24 − −− −

West Virginia ........................................... 5,307 8,132 10,327 9,688 4,602 −34.7 3.6

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 172 641 921 845 1,010 −73.1 −35.7

Brazil ....................................................... − 2 10 * − −100.0 −

Bulgaria................................................... − − 62 − −− −

Canada .................................................... 1,555 1,335 315 25 40 16.5 150.0

Chile........................................................ 48 25 152 118 − 86.5 −

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 72 −− −

Denmark .................................................. − 70 − 189 − −100.0 −

Finland .................................................... −−− 109 −− −

France...................................................... − 293 817 815 − −100.0 −

Germany, FR .......................................... − 35 358 854 − −100.0 −

Israel........................................................ 101 211 375 − − −51.9 −

Italy ......................................................... 621 1,794 2,604 2,266 707 −65.4 −3.2

Jamaica.................................................... 30 8 36 − − 285.6 −

Japan ....................................................... −−− 209 448 − −

Mexico .................................................... 256 − − − −− −

Morocco .................................................. 67 96 1,111 275 101 −30.0 −9.8

Netherlands ............................................. 173 448 413 2,105 1,623 −61.3 −42.8

Portugal ................................................... 206 771 964 1,357 674 −73.3 −25.7

Spain ....................................................... − 77 69 − − −100.0 −

Turkey..................................................... − − 12 − −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 2,079 2,326 2,109 451 − −10.6 −

Wyoming ................................................... 3,729 2,541 2,395 2,269 1,524 46.8 25.1

Canada .................................................... 1,931 818 443 32 − 136.2 −

Mexico .................................................... 12 − − − −− −

Netherlands ............................................. − − 63 − −− −

Spain ....................................................... 1,786 1,723 1,889 2,237 1,524 3.6 4.0

 R Major States Total................................... 22,108 26,684 34,344 34,683 19,713 −17.1 2.9

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 256 787 997 1,211 1,416 −67.4 −34.8

Brazil....................................................... 1 4 14 9 5 −72.1 −30.5

Bulgaria................................................... − − 62 − −− −

Canada .................................................... 5,754 4,764 1,808 765 910 20.8 58.6

Chile........................................................ 48 64 597 287 − −25.6 − R China (Taiwan)....................................... 1,897 2,783 2,845 2,879 3,000 −31.8 −10.8

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 72 −− −

Denmark.................................................. 672 538 1,165 2,320 508 25.0 7.2

Dominican Republic............................... 76 64 50 18 42 17.6 16.1

Ecuador ................................................... − 38 − − − −100.0 −

Finland .................................................... − 229 287 654 71 −100.0 −

France...................................................... 86 293 817 882 − −70.6 −

Germany, FR .......................................... 177 226 939 1,987 23 −21.9 66.1

Greece ..................................................... − − 491 − −− −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − − − 46 − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,203 1,116 1,067 1,219 1,015 7.8 4.4

Israel........................................................ 901 1,071 1,473 1,212 922 −15.9 −.5

See footnotes at end of table.

110 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 62. Foreign Distribution of U.S. Steam Coal by Major Coal-Exporting

States and Destination, 1994-1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Average Annual Percent Coal-Exporting State Percent Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998

Major States Total (Continued)

Italy ......................................................... 868 2,632 5,149 5,354 2,573 −67.0 −23.8

Jamaica.................................................... 30 64 53 62 26 −53.8 3.5 R Japan ....................................................... 3,048 2,753 4,387 3,860 3,330 10.7 −2.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 371 973 1,089 1,292 894 −61.9 −19.7

Mexico .................................................... 1,599 1,152 758 − − 38.8 −

Morocco .................................................. 141 214 1,388 1,050 101 −33.8 8.8

Netherlands ............................................. 175 1,039 1,165 3,276 2,090 −83.2 −46.2

Norway.................................................... − 11 30 28 14 −100.0 −

Peru ......................................................... 71 13 − − − 443.9 −

Portugal................................................... 481 1,032 1,930 1,933 1,167 −53.5 −19.9

Soviet Union........................................... − 18 − − − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 1,802 1,811 1,957 2,486 1,550 −.5 3.8

Sweden.................................................... − − 25 − −− −

Turkey ..................................................... − − 37 254 −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 2,446 2,988 3,765 1,563 − −18.1 −

Venezuela................................................ 4 5 1 9 11 −24.3 −24.1

Other States Total ................................... 1,508 1,270 1,693 997 686 18.8 21.8

Canada .................................................... 1,018 438 319 273 93 132.2 81.8

Ireland ..................................................... 20 − 80 − −− −

Japan ....................................................... − 25 − − − −100.0 −

Mexico .................................................... 2 − − 498 −− −

Spain ....................................................... − − − − 153 − −

Unknown................................................. 468 806 1,294 226 439 −42.0 1.6

 R U.S. Total .................................................. 23,616 27,954 36,037 35,680 20,399 −15.5 3.7

Belgium & Luxembourg ........................ 256 787 997 1,211 1,416 −67.4 −34.8

Brazil....................................................... 1 4 14 9 5 −72.1 −30.5

Bulgaria................................................... − − 62 − −− −

Canada .................................................... 6,772 5,202 2,127 1,037 1,003 30.2 61.2

Chile........................................................ 48 64 597 287 − −25.6 − R China (Taiwan)....................................... 1,897 2,783 2,845 2,879 3,000 −31.8 −10.8

Croatia ..................................................... −−− 72 −− −

Denmark.................................................. 672 538 1,165 2,320 508 25.0 7.2

Dominican Republic............................... 76 64 50 18 42 17.6 16.1

Ecuador ................................................... − 38 − − − −100.0 −

Finland .................................................... − 229 287 654 71 −100.0 −

France...................................................... 86 293 817 882 − −70.6 −

Germany, FR .......................................... 177 226 939 1,987 23 −21.9 66.1

Greece ..................................................... − − 491 − −− −

Hong Kong ............................................. − − − − 46 − −

Ireland ..................................................... 1,224 1,116 1,147 1,219 1,015 9.6 4.8

Israel........................................................ 901 1,071 1,473 1,212 922 −15.9 −.5

Italy ......................................................... 868 2,632 5,149 5,354 2,573 −67.0 −23.8

Jamaica.................................................... 30 64 53 62 26 −53.8 3.5 R Japan ....................................................... 3,048 2,778 4,387 3,860 3,330 9.7 −2.2

Korea, Republic of ................................. 371 973 1,089 1,292 894 −61.9 −19.7

Mexico .................................................... 1,601 1,152 758 498 − 39.0 −

Morocco .................................................. 141 214 1,388 1,050 101 −33.8 8.8

Netherlands ............................................. 175 1,039 1,165 3,276 2,090 −83.2 −46.2

Norway.................................................... − 11 30 28 14 −100.0 −

Peru ......................................................... 71 13 − − − 443.9 −

Portugal................................................... 481 1,032 1,930 1,933 1,167 −53.5 −19.9

Soviet Union........................................... − 18 − − − −100.0 −

Spain ....................................................... 1,802 1,811 1,957 2,486 1,704 −.5 1.4

Sweden.................................................... − − 25 − −− −

Turkey ..................................................... − − 37 254 −− −

United Kingdom ..................................... 2,446 2,988 3,765 1,563 − −18.1 −

Venezuela................................................ 4 5 1 9 11 −24.3 −24.1

Unknown................................................. 468 806 1,294 226 439 −42.0 1.6

* Data round to zero.

R Revised Data.

Notes: Major coal-exporting States are those with total coal exports of over 600,000 short tons in 1998. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Sources: Values shown for destinations other than Canada and Mexico are estimates based upon information reported on Energy Information Administration Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report,’’ and coal export data presented in King’s COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee). See the Explanatory Notes for a complete description of the methodology used to develop these estimates. Values shown for Canada and Mexico

are based upon Form EIA-6A.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 111 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: ALABAMA

Alabama ...................................................................... 15,791 643 1,388 9 17,831

Railroad ................................................................... 7,988 436 53 − 8,477

River ........................................................................ 4,271 −−− 4,271

Truck ....................................................................... 3,531 207 1,335 9 5,083

Arkansas ..................................................................... 64 − 15 − 78

Railroad ................................................................... 64 −−− 64

Truck ....................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Florida ......................................................................... 24 −−− 24

River ........................................................................ 24 −−− 24

Georgia ....................................................................... 72 − 2 − 74

Railroad ................................................................... 72 −−− 72

Truck ....................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Illinois ......................................................................... − 71 − − 71

Railroad ................................................................... − 71 − − 71

Indiana ........................................................................ − 58 − − 58

Railroad ................................................................... − 58 − − 58

Mississippi .................................................................. − − 73 − 73

Truck ....................................................................... − − 73 − 73

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 35

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 35

State Total .................................................................. 15,951 772 1,478 9 1 18,245

Railroad ................................................................... 8,124 565 53 − 8,742

River ........................................................................ 4,296 −−− 4,296

Truck ....................................................................... 3,531 207 1,425 9 5,173

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 35

ORIGIN: ALASKA

Alaska ......................................................................... 440 − − 530 970

Railroad ................................................................... 138 − − 467 606

Truck ....................................................................... 301 − − 63 364

State Total .................................................................. 440 − − 530 970

Railroad ................................................................... 138 − − 467 606

Truck ....................................................................... 301 − − 63 364

ORIGIN: ARIZONA

Arizona ....................................................................... 7,680 −−− 7,680

Railroad ................................................................... 7,680 −−− 7,680

Nevada ........................................................................ 4,489 −−− 4,489

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,489 −−− 4,489

State Total .................................................................. 12,169 −−− 12,169

Railroad ................................................................... 7,680 −−− 7,680

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,489 −−− 4,489

ORIGIN: ARKANSAS

Maryland .................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Missouri ...................................................................... − − 19 − 19

Truck ....................................................................... − − 19 − 19

Texas ........................................................................... − − 3 − 3

Truck ....................................................................... − − 3 − 3

State Total .................................................................. − − 23 − 23

Truck ....................................................................... − − 23 − 23

ORIGIN: COLORADO

Alabama ...................................................................... 427 −−− 427

Railroad ................................................................... 427 −−− 427

Arizona ....................................................................... 355 − 112 * 467

Railroad ................................................................... 355 − 112 − 467

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

See footnotes at end of table.

112 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: COLORADO (Continued)

Arkansas ..................................................................... 5 −−− 5

Railroad ................................................................... 5 −−− 5

California .................................................................... − − 78 − 78

Railroad ................................................................... − − 78 − 78

Colorado ..................................................................... 11,435 − 543 14 2 11,993

Railroad ................................................................... 7,019 − 354 − 7,373

Truck ....................................................................... 4,415 − 189 14 4,618

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 2

Illinois ......................................................................... 2,234 − 199 − 2,433

Railroad ................................................................... 1,610 − 197 − 1,807

River ........................................................................ 625 − 1 − 626

Indiana ........................................................................ − 51 − − 51

Railroad ................................................................... − 51 − − 51

Iowa ............................................................................. 471 − 124 − 595

Railroad ................................................................... 20 − 124 − 144

River ........................................................................ 451 −−− 451

Kansas ......................................................................... 1,289 −−− 1,289

Railroad ................................................................... 1,289 −−− 1,289

Kentucky ..................................................................... 1,962 −−− 1,962

Railroad ................................................................... 1,952 −−− 1,952

River ........................................................................ 10 −−− 10

Michigan ..................................................................... 33 − 143 − 176

Great Lakes............................................................. 33 − 143 − 176

Missouri ...................................................................... 14 −−− 14

Railroad ................................................................... 14 −−− 14

Montana ...................................................................... 6 −−− 6

Railroad ................................................................... 6 −−− 6

Nebraska ..................................................................... 6 − 91 − 97

Railroad ................................................................... 6 − 91 − 97

Nevada ........................................................................ 20 −−− 20

Railroad ................................................................... 20 −−− 20

New Mexico................................................................ 57 − 73 * 131

Truck ....................................................................... 57 − 73 * 131

Tennessee .................................................................... 2,064 −−− 2,064

Railroad ................................................................... 2,064 −−− 2,064

Texas ........................................................................... 3,189 − 120 − 3,309

Railroad ................................................................... 3,189 − 120 − 3,309

Utah ............................................................................. 1,797 441 − − 2,238

Railroad ................................................................... 1,797 441 − − 2,238

Washington ................................................................. 4 − 3 − 7

Railroad ................................................................... 4 − 3 − 7

Wisconsin .................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Railroad ................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Wyoming ..................................................................... − − 149 − 149

Truck ....................................................................... − − 149 − 149

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 11

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 11

State Total .................................................................. 25,387 492 1,634 15 3 27,541

Railroad ................................................................... 19,797 492 1,078 − 21,367

River ........................................................................ 1,086 − 1 − 1,087

Great Lakes............................................................. 33 − 143 − 176

Truck ....................................................................... 4,472 − 412 15 4,898

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 13

ORIGIN: ILLINOIS

Alabama ...................................................................... 809 −−− 809

Railroad ................................................................... 269 −−− 269

River ........................................................................ 540 −−− 540

Arkansas ..................................................................... − − 12 − 12

Railroad ................................................................... − − 12 − 12

Florida ......................................................................... 6,265 −−− 6,265

Railroad ................................................................... 1,330 −−− 1,330

River ........................................................................ 4,935 −−− 4,935

Georgia ....................................................................... 676 −−− 676

Railroad ................................................................... 676 −−− 676

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 113 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: ILLINOIS (Continued)

Illinois ......................................................................... 13,763 − 2,675 215 16,652

Railroad ................................................................... 9,054 − 1,220 − 10,274

River ........................................................................ 520 − 19 29 568

Truck ....................................................................... 4,188 − 1,410 186 5,784

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 27 − 27

Indiana ........................................................................ 4,001 − 181 3 4,184

Railroad ................................................................... 3,791 −−− 3,791

River ........................................................................ 38 − 8 3 49

Truck ....................................................................... 172 − 173 − 344

Iowa ............................................................................. 241 − 699 10 949

Railroad ................................................................... − − 299 − 299

River ........................................................................ 241 − 219 10 469

Truck ....................................................................... − − 181 − 181

Kansas ......................................................................... 41 −−− 41

Railroad ................................................................... 41 −−− 41

Kentucky ..................................................................... 684 − − 2 686

Railroad ................................................................... 684 −−− 684

River ........................................................................ −−− 2 2

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Louisiana .................................................................... 1,113 −−− 1,113

River ........................................................................ 1,113 −−− 1,113

Minnesota ................................................................... 104 −−− 104

Railroad ................................................................... 87 −−− 87

River ........................................................................ 17 −−− 17

Mississippi .................................................................. 1,458 − 80 − 1,538

River ........................................................................ 822 − 80 − 902

Tidewater ................................................................ 636 −−− 636

Missouri ...................................................................... 1,892 − 626 156 2,674

Railroad ................................................................... 1,471 −−− 1,471

River ........................................................................ 341 − 35 − 376

Truck ....................................................................... 80 − 591 156 826

North Dakota ............................................................. −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Ohio ............................................................................. 2 −−− 2

River ........................................................................ 2 −−− 2

Tennessee .................................................................... 2,757 − * 6 2,762

Railroad ................................................................... 331 −−− 331

River ........................................................................ 2,425 − * 6 2,431

West Virginia............................................................. −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Wisconsin .................................................................... 847 − 122 − 969

Railroad ................................................................... 38 − 91 − 130

River ........................................................................ 809 −−− 809

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 31 − 31

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 12

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 12

State Total .................................................................. 34,651 − 4,394 390 1 39,447

Railroad ................................................................... 17,772 − 1,622 − 19,394

River ........................................................................ 11,803 − 361 49 12,212

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 31 − 31

Tidewater ................................................................ 636 −−− 636

Truck ....................................................................... 4,439 − 2,354 341 7,135

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 27 − 27

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 12

ORIGIN: INDIANA

Florida ......................................................................... 41 −−− 41

River ........................................................................ 41 −−− 41

Illinois ......................................................................... 1,636 − 171 * 1,807

Railroad ................................................................... 1,597 − 144 − 1,741

Truck ....................................................................... 39 − 27 * 67

Indiana ........................................................................ 30,294 − 2,246 332 32,872

Railroad ................................................................... 21,450 − 949 * 22,400

River ........................................................................ 117 − 283 − 400

Truck ....................................................................... 7,987 − 1,014 332 9,333

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 739 −−− 739

See footnotes at end of table.

114 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: INDIANA (Continued)

Iowa ............................................................................. 117 − 142 − 259

Railroad ................................................................... 117 − 142 − 259

Kentucky ..................................................................... 1,084 − 8 − 1,093

River ........................................................................ 562 − 4 − 567

Truck ....................................................................... 522 − 4 − 526

Michigan ..................................................................... 120 − 28 − 148

Great Lakes............................................................. 120 − 28 − 148

Minnesota ................................................................... 67 −−− 67

Railroad ................................................................... 67 −−− 67

Missouri ...................................................................... 148 − 4 − 152

River ........................................................................ 148 −−− 148

Truck ....................................................................... − − 4 − 4

Ohio ............................................................................. 7 −−− 7

River ........................................................................ 7 −−− 7

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − 1 − 1

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Tennessee .................................................................... 47 −−− 47

River ........................................................................ 47 −−− 47

Wisconsin .................................................................... 174 − 71 − 245

Railroad ................................................................... 174 − 71 − 245

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 36

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 36

State Total .................................................................. 33,735 − 2,671 332 1 36,774

Railroad ................................................................... 23,405 − 1,306 * 24,711

River ........................................................................ 923 − 288 − 1,210

Great Lakes............................................................. 120 − 28 − 148

Truck ....................................................................... 8,548 − 1,049 332 9,929

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 739 −−− 739

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 36

ORIGIN: KANSAS

Kansas ......................................................................... 351 − 15 − 366

Truck ....................................................................... 351 − 15 − 366

Missouri ...................................................................... 73 − 1 − 74

Truck ....................................................................... 73 − 1 − 74

State Total .................................................................. 424 − 16 − 440

Truck ....................................................................... 424 − 16 − 440

ORIGIN: KENTUCKY, TOTAL

Alabama ...................................................................... 2,383 14 457 1 2,855

Railroad ................................................................... 497 14 432 − 943

River ........................................................................ 1,887 − 6 − 1,893

Truck ....................................................................... − − 18 1 19

Connecticut ................................................................. 460 −−− 460

Railroad ................................................................... 40 −−− 40

Tidewater ................................................................ 420 −−− 420

Delaware ..................................................................... 92 −−− 92

Railroad ................................................................... 92 −−− 92

Florida ......................................................................... 15,162 − 990 6 16,157

Railroad ................................................................... 12,439 − 601 6 13,046

River ........................................................................ 1,793 − 390 − 2,183

Tidewater ................................................................ 890 −−− 890

Truck ....................................................................... 39 −−− 39

Georgia ....................................................................... 15,441 − 1,066 − 16,507

Railroad ................................................................... 15,441 − 914 − 16,355

Truck ....................................................................... − − 152 − 152

Illinois ......................................................................... 385 − 578 22 985

Railroad ................................................................... 385 − 102 − 487

River ........................................................................ − − 375 22 397

Truck ....................................................................... − − 101 * 101

Indiana ........................................................................ 1,151 416 1,456 1 3,023

Railroad ................................................................... 105 416 778 − 1,299

River ........................................................................ 1,039 − 217 − 1,256

Truck ....................................................................... 7 − 460 1 468

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 115 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: KENTUCKY, TOTAL (Continued)

Iowa ............................................................................. 387 − 194 156 738

Railroad ................................................................... 17 − 5 − 22

River ........................................................................ 371 − 189 156 716

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Kentucky ..................................................................... 28,192 428 896 165 2 29,690

Railroad ................................................................... 4,813 428 49 1 5,291

River ........................................................................ 12,090 − 179 − 12,269

Truck ....................................................................... 11,288 − 668 163 12,119

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 10

Louisiana .................................................................... 661 − 11 − 672

River ........................................................................ 661 − 11 − 672

Maine .......................................................................... − − 249 − 249

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 249 − 249

Maryland .................................................................... 349 −−− 349

Railroad ................................................................... * −−− *

Tidewater ................................................................ 349 −−− 349

Massachusetts ............................................................. 227 − − 16 243

Railroad ................................................................... 189 − − 16 206

Tidewater ................................................................ 37 −−− 37

Michigan ..................................................................... 5,277 901 1,110 140 7,427

Railroad ................................................................... 4,881 567 404 140 5,991

Great Lakes............................................................. 371 334 693 − 1,398

Truck ....................................................................... 25 − 13 * 38

Minnesota ................................................................... 9 − 74 11 93

Railroad ................................................................... 5 − 1 − 6

River ........................................................................ 4 − 55 11 70

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 17 − 17

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Mississippi .................................................................. 955 − 25 − 980

Railroad ................................................................... 952 −−− 952

River ........................................................................ 3 − 25 − 28

Missouri ...................................................................... 336 − 45 * 381

Railroad ................................................................... 109 −−− 109

River ........................................................................ 227 − 45 − 272

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

New Jersey ................................................................. − − 26 − 26

Truck ....................................................................... − − 26 − 26

New York ................................................................... 1,133 609 29 47 1,818

Railroad ................................................................... 1,068 609 27 5 1,709

River ........................................................................ − − 2 − 2

Great Lakes............................................................. 65 −−− 65

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 43 43

North Carolina........................................................... 15,716 − 1,372 91 17,179

Railroad ................................................................... 15,628 − 1,128 90 16,847

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Truck ....................................................................... 89 − 243 * 332

Ohio ............................................................................. 7,799 288 873 116 9,074

Railroad ................................................................... 911 288 320 − 1,519

River ........................................................................ 5,726 − 141 43 5,909

Great Lakes............................................................. 835 − 38 − 872

Truck ....................................................................... 327 − 374 73 774

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − 27 − 27

River ........................................................................ − − 27 − 27

Oregon ........................................................................ − − 14 − 14

Railroad ................................................................... − − 14 − 14

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 40 312 363 51 766

Railroad ................................................................... 17 46 37 42 141

River ........................................................................ − 257 254 − 511

Truck ....................................................................... 23 10 71 9 114

South Carolina........................................................... 11,423 − 1,627 9 13,060

Railroad ................................................................... 11,423 − 1,583 9 13,015

Truck ....................................................................... − − 44 * 44

South Dakota ............................................................. − − 7 − 7

River ........................................................................ − − 7 − 7

Tennessee .................................................................... 13,244 − 2,093 18 15,355

Railroad ................................................................... 8,862 − 1,195 12 10,069

River ........................................................................ 1,923 − 225 − 2,148

Truck ....................................................................... 2,459 − 674 6 3,139

See footnotes at end of table.

116 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: KENTUCKY, TOTAL (Continued)

Virginia ....................................................................... 5,590 − 724 85 6,400

Railroad ................................................................... 5,565 − 711 55 6,331

Truck ....................................................................... 25 − 13 30 68

West Virginia............................................................. 6 33 330 1 370

Railroad ................................................................... 3 33 44 − 80

River ........................................................................ 4 − 4 − 8

Truck ....................................................................... − − 282 1 283

Wisconsin .................................................................... 155 − 621 128 903

Railroad ................................................................... * − 261 1 262

River ........................................................................ 14 − 32 126 172

Great Lakes............................................................. 141 − 327 − 469

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 270

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 270

State Total .................................................................. 126,574 3,000 15,255 1,062 3 146,171

Railroad ................................................................... 83,442 2,399 8,608 377 94,826

River ........................................................................ 25,742 257 2,183 358 28,540

Great Lakes............................................................. 1,411 334 1,075 − 2,821

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,696 − 249 − 1,945

Truck ....................................................................... 14,283 10 3,140 327 17,759

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 280

ORIGIN: KENTUCKY, EASTERN

Alabama ...................................................................... 567 14 457 1 1,039

Railroad ................................................................... 497 14 432 − 943

River ........................................................................ 70 − 6 − 77

Truck ....................................................................... − − 18 1 19

Connecticut ................................................................. 460 −−− 460

Railroad ................................................................... 40 −−− 40

Tidewater ................................................................ 420 −−− 420

Delaware ..................................................................... 92 −−− 92

Railroad ................................................................... 92 −−− 92

Florida ......................................................................... 12,907 − 990 6 13,902

Railroad ................................................................... 11,736 − 601 6 12,342

River ........................................................................ 242 − 390 − 631

Tidewater ................................................................ 890 −−− 890

Truck ....................................................................... 39 −−− 39

Georgia ....................................................................... 15,441 − 1,066 − 16,507

Railroad ................................................................... 15,441 − 914 − 16,355

Truck ....................................................................... − − 152 − 152

Illinois ......................................................................... 219 − 420 22 661

Railroad ................................................................... 219 − 102 − 321

River ........................................................................ − − 217 22 238

Truck ....................................................................... − − 101 * 101

Indiana ........................................................................ 881 416 1,456 1 2,753

Railroad ................................................................... − 416 778 − 1,194

River ........................................................................ 874 − 217 − 1,091

Truck ....................................................................... 7 − 460 1 468

Iowa ............................................................................. 61 − 141 32 234

Railroad ................................................................... 17 − 5 − 22

River ........................................................................ 45 − 136 32 212

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Kentucky ..................................................................... 9,329 428 865 107 2 10,740

Railroad ................................................................... 2,222 428 49 1 2,700

River ........................................................................ 2,056 − 179 − 2,235

Truck ....................................................................... 5,052 − 637 106 5,795

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 10

Louisiana .................................................................... − − 11 − 11

River ........................................................................ − − 11 − 11

Maine .......................................................................... − − 194 − 194

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 194 − 194

Maryland .................................................................... 349 −−− 349

Railroad ................................................................... * −−− *

Tidewater ................................................................ 349 −−− 349

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 117 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: KENTUCKY, EASTERN (Continued)

Massachusetts ............................................................. 227 − − 16 243

Railroad ................................................................... 189 − − 16 206

Tidewater ................................................................ 37 −−− 37

Michigan ..................................................................... 5,277 901 1,096 140 7,413

Railroad ................................................................... 4,881 567 390 140 5,977

Great Lakes............................................................. 371 334 693 − 1,398

Truck ....................................................................... 25 − 13 * 38

Minnesota ................................................................... 5 − 74 11 89

Railroad ................................................................... 5 − 1 − 6

River ........................................................................ − − 55 11 66

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 17 − 17

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Mississippi .................................................................. 952 − 25 − 977

Railroad ................................................................... 952 −−− 952

River ........................................................................ − − 25 − 25

Missouri ...................................................................... 125 − 45 * 170

Railroad ................................................................... 109 −−− 109

River ........................................................................ 16 − 45 − 61

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

New York ................................................................... 1,133 609 29 47 1,818

Railroad ................................................................... 1,068 609 27 5 1,709

River ........................................................................ − − 2 − 2

Great Lakes............................................................. 65 −−− 65

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 43 43

North Carolina........................................................... 15,716 − 1,372 91 17,179

Railroad ................................................................... 15,628 − 1,128 90 16,847

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Truck ....................................................................... 89 − 243 * 332

Ohio ............................................................................. 7,799 288 873 116 9,074

Railroad ................................................................... 911 288 320 − 1,519

River ........................................................................ 5,726 − 141 43 5,909

Great Lakes............................................................. 835 − 38 − 872

Truck ....................................................................... 327 − 374 73 774

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − 27 − 27

River ........................................................................ − − 27 − 27

Oregon ........................................................................ − − 14 − 14

Railroad ................................................................... − − 14 − 14

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 40 312 363 51 766

Railroad ................................................................... 17 46 37 42 141

River ........................................................................ − 257 254 − 511

Truck ....................................................................... 23 10 71 9 114

South Carolina........................................................... 11,423 − 1,627 9 13,060

Railroad ................................................................... 11,423 − 1,583 9 13,015

Truck ....................................................................... − − 44 * 44

South Dakota ............................................................. − − 7 − 7

River ........................................................................ − − 7 − 7

Tennessee .................................................................... 7,338 − 1,999 18 9,355

Railroad ................................................................... 6,303 − 1,195 12 7,510

River ........................................................................ 719 − 136 − 856

Truck ....................................................................... 315 − 668 6 989

Virginia ....................................................................... 4,526 − 724 85 5,336

Railroad ................................................................... 4,501 − 711 55 5,267

Truck ....................................................................... 25 − 13 30 68

West Virginia............................................................. 6 33 330 1 370

Railroad ................................................................... 3 33 44 − 80

River ........................................................................ 4 − 4 − 8

Truck ....................................................................... − − 282 1 283

Wisconsin .................................................................... 155 − 457 128 740

Railroad ................................................................... * − 99 1 100

River ........................................................................ 14 − 31 126 171

Great Lakes............................................................. 141 − 327 − 469

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 263

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 263

State Total .................................................................. 95,028 3,000 14,660 880 3 113,842

Railroad ................................................................... 76,254 2,399 8,432 377 87,462

River ........................................................................ 9,765 257 1,882 233 12,138

See footnotes at end of table.

118 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: KENTUCKY, EASTERN (Continued)

State Total

Great Lakes............................................................. 1,411 334 1,075 − 2,821

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,696 − 194 − 1,890

Truck ....................................................................... 5,902 10 3,077 270 9,259

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 273

ORIGIN: KENTUCKY, WESTERN

Alabama ...................................................................... 1,816 −−− 1,816

River ........................................................................ 1,816 −−− 1,816

Florida ......................................................................... 2,255 −−− 2,255

Railroad ................................................................... 704 −−− 704

River ........................................................................ 1,551 −−− 1,551

Illinois ......................................................................... 166 − 158 − 324

Railroad ................................................................... 166 −−− 166

River ........................................................................ − − 158 − 158

Indiana ........................................................................ 270 −−− 270

Railroad ................................................................... 105 −−− 105

River ........................................................................ 165 −−− 165

Iowa ............................................................................. 326 − 53 125 504

River ........................................................................ 326 − 53 125 504

Kentucky ..................................................................... 18,862 − 31 57 18,950

Railroad ................................................................... 2,591 −−− 2,591

River ........................................................................ 10,035 −−− 10,035

Truck ....................................................................... 6,237 − 31 57 6,325

Louisiana .................................................................... 661 −−− 661

River ........................................................................ 661 −−− 661

Maine .......................................................................... − − 55 − 55

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 55 − 55

Michigan ..................................................................... − − 14 − 14

Railroad ................................................................... − − 14 − 14

Minnesota ................................................................... 4 −−− 4

River ........................................................................ 4 −−− 4

Mississippi .................................................................. 3 −−− 3

River ........................................................................ 3 −−− 3

Missouri ...................................................................... 211 −−− 211

River ........................................................................ 211 −−− 211

New Jersey ................................................................. − − 26 − 26

Truck ....................................................................... − − 26 − 26

Tennessee .................................................................... 5,907 − 94 − 6,000

Railroad ................................................................... 2,559 −−− 2,559

River ........................................................................ 1,204 − 88 − 1,292

Truck ....................................................................... 2,144 − 6 − 2,150

Virginia ....................................................................... 1,064 − − * 1,064

Railroad ................................................................... 1,064 −−− 1,064

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Wisconsin .................................................................... − − 164 − 164

Railroad ................................................................... − − 162 − 162

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 7

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 7

State Total .................................................................. 31,546 − 595 182 1 32,329

Railroad ................................................................... 7,188 − 176 − 7,364

River ........................................................................ 15,977 − 301 125 16,403

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 55 − 55

Truck ....................................................................... 8,381 − 63 57 8,501

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 7

ORIGIN: LOUISIANA

Louisiana .................................................................... 3,331 −−− 3,331

Truck ....................................................................... 989 −−− 989

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,342 −−− 2,342

State Total .................................................................. 3,331 −−− 3,331

Truck ....................................................................... 989 −−− 989

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 119 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: LOUISIANA (Continued)

State Total

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,342 −−− 2,342

ORIGIN: MARYLAND

Delaware ..................................................................... 96 −−− 96

Railroad ................................................................... 96 −−− 96

Maryland .................................................................... 698 − 209 2 909

Railroad ................................................................... 574 −−− 574

Truck ....................................................................... 124 − 209 2 335

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 16 −−− 16

Truck ....................................................................... 16 −−− 16

Virginia ....................................................................... 38 − 2 − 40

Truck ....................................................................... 38 − 2 − 40

West Virginia............................................................. 2,977 − 1 − 2,978

Truck ....................................................................... 2,977 − 1 − 2,978

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 19

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 19

State Total .................................................................. 3,825 − 212 2 1 4,058

Railroad ................................................................... 670 −−− 670

Truck ....................................................................... 3,155 − 212 2 3,368

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 19

ORIGIN: MISSOURI

Arkansas ..................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Railroad ................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Kansas ......................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Missouri ...................................................................... 225 − 55 * 281

Truck ....................................................................... 225 − 55 * 281

State Total .................................................................. 225 − 71 * 296

Railroad ................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Truck ....................................................................... 225 − 56 * 281

ORIGIN: MONTANA

Arizona ....................................................................... 94 −−− 94

Railroad ................................................................... 94 −−− 94

Illinois ......................................................................... 1,679 −−− 1,679

Railroad ................................................................... 1,679 −−− 1,679

Indiana ........................................................................ 126 −−− 126

Railroad ................................................................... 126 −−− 126

Iowa ............................................................................. 136 −−− 136

Railroad ................................................................... 136 −−− 136

Kansas ......................................................................... 379 −−− 379

Railroad ................................................................... 379 −−− 379

Michigan ..................................................................... 9,610 − 251 − 9,861

Railroad ................................................................... 3,439 −−− 3,439

Great Lakes............................................................. 6,171 −−− 6,171

Truck ....................................................................... − − 251 − 251

Minnesota ................................................................... 9,960 − 514 3 10,477

Railroad ................................................................... 9,931 − 343 3 10,276

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 171 − 171

Truck ....................................................................... 30 −−− 30

Mississippi .................................................................. 2,833 −−− 2,833

Railroad ................................................................... 2,833 −−− 2,833

Montana ...................................................................... 10,192 − 164 4 10,360

Truck ....................................................................... 345 − 1 4 349

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 9,848 − 163 − 10,011

Nebraska ..................................................................... − − 81 − 81

Railroad ................................................................... − − 81 − 81

North Dakota ............................................................. 172 − 288 57 517

Railroad ................................................................... 172 − 288 57 517

See footnotes at end of table.

120 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: MONTANA (Continued)

South Dakota ............................................................. 1,698 −−− 1,698

Railroad ................................................................... 1,698 −−− 1,698

Washington ................................................................. 1,503 −−− 1,503

Railroad ................................................................... 1,503 −−− 1,503

Wisconsin .................................................................... 2,052 − 1 − 2,053

Railroad ................................................................... 2,051 −−− 2,051

Truck ....................................................................... 1 − 1 − 2

Wyoming ..................................................................... − − 2 60 62

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 60 62

State Total .................................................................. 40,435 − 1,300 124 41,860

Railroad ................................................................... 24,040 − 714 120 24,874

Great Lakes............................................................. 6,171 − 171 − 6,343

Truck ....................................................................... 376 − 252 4 632

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 9,848 − 163 − 10,011

ORIGIN: NEW MEXICO

Arizona ....................................................................... 10,562 − 576 * 11,138

Railroad ................................................................... 10,562 − 576 − 11,138

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Colorado ..................................................................... − − 11 − 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − 11 − 11

New Mexico................................................................ 15,811 − − 9 2 15,819

Railroad ................................................................... 9,062 −−− 9,062

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 9 9

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 6,749 −−− 6,749

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 0

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − 119 − 119

Railroad ................................................................... − − 119 − 119

Texas ........................................................................... − − 472 − 472

Railroad ................................................................... − − 472 − 472

Wisconsin .................................................................... 466 −−− 466

Railroad ................................................................... 466 −−− 466

State Total .................................................................. 26,839 − 1,178 9 2 28,026

Railroad ................................................................... 20,090 − 1,178 − 21,267

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 9 9

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 6,749 −−− 6,749

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 0

ORIGIN: NORTH DAKOTA

North Dakota ............................................................. 24,296 − 6,200 61 30,557

Railroad ................................................................... 425 −−− 425

Truck ....................................................................... 4,202 − − 61 4,263

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 19,669 − 6,200 − 25,869

State Total .................................................................. 24,296 − 6,200 61 30,557

Railroad ................................................................... 425 −−− 425

Truck ....................................................................... 4,202 − − 61 4,263

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 19,669 − 6,200 − 25,869

ORIGIN: OHIO

Alabama ...................................................................... 4 −−− 4

River ........................................................................ 4 −−− 4

Indiana ........................................................................ 30 − 58 5 93

Railroad ................................................................... 26 −−− 26

Truck ....................................................................... 3 − 58 5 66

Kentucky ..................................................................... 848 −−− 848

River ........................................................................ 848 −−− 848

Michigan ..................................................................... 71 − 226 4 302

Truck ....................................................................... 71 − 226 4 302

Minnesota ................................................................... −−− 14 14

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 14 14

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 121 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: OHIO (Continued)

New York ................................................................... 5 − 3 4 12

Railroad ................................................................... 5 − − 4 9

Truck ....................................................................... * − 3 − 4

Ohio ............................................................................. 21,824 − 1,170 96 23,091

Railroad ................................................................... 1,246 −−− 1,246

River ........................................................................ 4,403 −−− 4,403

Truck ....................................................................... 8,319 − 1,168 96 9,584

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 7,856 − 2 − 7,858

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 270 − 175 − 445

River ........................................................................ 129 −−− 129

Truck ....................................................................... 141 − 175 − 316

West Virginia............................................................. 1,669 − * − 1,670

River ........................................................................ 1,669 −−− 1,669

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Wisconsin .................................................................... − − * − *

Great Lakes............................................................. − − * − *

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 25

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 25

State Total .................................................................. 24,721 − 1,634 123 1 26,503

Railroad ................................................................... 1,278 − − 4 1,281

River ........................................................................ 7,052 −−− 7,052

Great Lakes............................................................. − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... 8,535 − 1,631 119 10,285

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 7,856 − 2 − 7,858

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 25

ORIGIN: OKLAHOMA

Arkansas ..................................................................... − − 71 − 71

Railroad ................................................................... − − 31 − 31

Truck ....................................................................... − − 40 − 40

Kansas ......................................................................... 65 − 87 − 153

Truck ....................................................................... 65 − 87 − 153

Oklahoma ................................................................... 1,234 − 176 1 1,411

Truck ....................................................................... 1,234 − 176 1 1,411

Texas ........................................................................... − − 88 − 88

Railroad ................................................................... − − 88 − 88

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 8

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 8

State Total .................................................................. 1,300 − 423 1 1 1,731

Railroad ................................................................... − − 119 − 119

Truck ....................................................................... 1,300 − 304 1 1,604

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 8

ORIGIN: PENNSYLVANIA, TOTAL

Alabama ...................................................................... 51 − 11 − 62

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

River ........................................................................ 51 − 11 − 62

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Arizona ....................................................................... − − 3 − 3

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 3 − 3

Arkansas ..................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

California .................................................................... − − ***

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − ***

Colorado ..................................................................... * − 18 − 18

Railroad ................................................................... − − 18 − 18

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Connecticut ................................................................. 175 − 2 6 183

Railroad ................................................................... 175 − − * 175

Truck ....................................................................... − − 268

See footnotes at end of table.

122 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: PENNSYLVANIA, TOTAL (Continued)

Delaware ..................................................................... 1,181 − 35 1 1,217

Railroad ................................................................... 1,169 − 3 − 1,172

Truck ....................................................................... 12 − 7 1 19

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 25 − 25

District of Columbia ................................................. 2 − − * 2

Truck ....................................................................... 2 − − * 2

Florida ......................................................................... 213 − 4 − 218

Railroad ................................................................... 148 − 4 − 152

River ........................................................................ 65 −−− 65

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Georgia ....................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Illinois ......................................................................... − − 60 * 61

Railroad ................................................................... − − 9 − 9

River ........................................................................ − − 50 − 50

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

Indiana ........................................................................ 128 168 8 7 311

Railroad ................................................................... 85 168 * − 254

River ........................................................................ 36 −−− 36

Truck ....................................................................... 6 − 8 7 21

Iowa ............................................................................. − − 249 26 275

Railroad ................................................................... − − 35 − 35

River ........................................................................ − − 214 26 240

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Kansas ......................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Railroad ................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Kentucky ..................................................................... 196 − 23 * 218

Railroad ................................................................... 2 − 13 − 14

River ........................................................................ 194 −−− 194

Truck ....................................................................... − − 10 * 10

Louisiana .................................................................... 24 − 18 − 42

River ........................................................................ 24 − 18 − 42

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Maine .......................................................................... − − 7 3 10

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7*7

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 3 3

Maryland .................................................................... 2,825 − 186 21 3,032

Railroad ................................................................... 2,698 − − * 2,698

Truck ....................................................................... 127 − 186 21 334

Massachusetts ............................................................. 66 − 8 10 84

Railroad ................................................................... 66 − − 1 66

Truck ....................................................................... − − 8 9 17

Michigan ..................................................................... 3,805 140 80 1 4,026

Railroad ................................................................... 3,677 − * − 3,677

Great Lakes............................................................. 128 140 80 − 348

Truck ....................................................................... − − *11

Minnesota ................................................................... − − 7 − 7

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7 − 7

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Mississippi .................................................................. − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Missouri ...................................................................... − − ***

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Nebraska ..................................................................... − − 11 − 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − 11 − 11

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

New Hampshire ......................................................... 777 − 2 4 783

Railroad ................................................................... 762 − * * 762

Tidewater ................................................................ 15 −−− 15

Truck ....................................................................... − − 246

New Jersey ................................................................. 534 − 10 5 549

Railroad ................................................................... 534 − * * 534

Truck ....................................................................... * − 10 5 14

New Mexico................................................................ − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 123 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: PENNSYLVANIA, TOTAL (Continued)

New York ................................................................... 4,478 4 525 91 5,098

Railroad ................................................................... 3,577 − 344 2 3,923

River ........................................................................ − − 45 2 46

Great Lakes............................................................. 555 −−− 555

Truck ....................................................................... 345 4 136 88 573

North Carolina........................................................... − − 1 − 1

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

North Dakota ............................................................. − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Ohio ............................................................................. 5,736 10 284 3 6,033

Railroad ................................................................... 2,040 − * − 2,041

River ........................................................................ 3,528 9 91 − 3,627

Great Lakes............................................................. 133 − 111 − 244

Truck ....................................................................... 34 1 82 3 120

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Oregon ........................................................................ − − 15 − 15

Railroad ................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 37,042 1,607 2,487 777 2 41,917

Railroad ................................................................... 11,267 − 100 11 11,378

River ........................................................................ 3,829 1,607 36 12 5,484

Truck ....................................................................... 17,093 − 2,290 754 20,137

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,853 − 62 − 4,915

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 3

Rhode Island .............................................................. − − *22

Truck ....................................................................... − − *22

South Carolina........................................................... − − 54 * 54

Railroad ................................................................... − − 53 − 53

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

Tennessee .................................................................... 684 − 16 − 701

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

River ........................................................................ 684 − 5 − 689

Truck ....................................................................... − − 12 − 12

Texas ........................................................................... * − 7*7

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Truck ....................................................................... * − 2*2

Utah ............................................................................. − 153 * − 153

Railroad ................................................................... − 153 * − 153

Vermont ...................................................................... −−− 2 2

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 2 2

Virginia ....................................................................... 381 − 23 1 405

Railroad ................................................................... 80 − * − 80

Truck ....................................................................... 301 − 23 1 325

West Virginia............................................................. 4,219 − 473 1 4,693

Railroad ................................................................... 85 − * − 85

River ........................................................................ 3,348 − 410 − 3,758

Truck ....................................................................... 135 − 43 1 179

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 651 − 20 − 671

Wisconsin .................................................................... 2,097 − 50 * 2,147

Railroad ................................................................... 881 − 5 − 886

River ........................................................................ 9 −−− 9

Great Lakes............................................................. 1,207 − 44 − 1,251

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

Wyoming ..................................................................... − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 271

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 271

State Total .................................................................. 64,613 2,083 4,684 962 3 72,616

Railroad ................................................................... 27,247 322 632 14 28,216

River ........................................................................ 11,769 1,616 882 39 14,306

Great Lakes............................................................. 2,024 140 235 − 2,399

Tidewater ................................................................ 15 −−− 15

Truck ....................................................................... 18,054 6 2,827 908 21,795

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 5,504 − 107 − 5,611

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 274

See footnotes at end of table.

124 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: PENNSYLVANIA, ANTHRACITE

Alabama ...................................................................... − − 11 − 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

River ........................................................................ − − 11 − 11

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Arizona ....................................................................... − − 3 − 3

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 3 − 3

Arkansas ..................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

California .................................................................... − − ***

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − ***

Colorado ..................................................................... * − 18 − 18

Railroad ................................................................... − − 18 − 18

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Connecticut ................................................................. − − 257

Railroad ................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 257

Delaware ..................................................................... − − 7*7

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 7*7

District of Columbia ................................................. −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Florida ......................................................................... − − 4 − 4

Railroad ................................................................... − − 4 − 4

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Georgia ....................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Illinois ......................................................................... − − 10 * 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − 9 − 9

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

Indiana ........................................................................ − − 8 7 15

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 8 7 15

Iowa ............................................................................. − − 35 * 35

Railroad ................................................................... − − 35 − 35

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Kansas ......................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Railroad ................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Kentucky ..................................................................... − − 23 * 23

Railroad ................................................................... − − 13 − 13

Truck ....................................................................... − − 10 * 10

Louisiana .................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Maine .......................................................................... −−− 3 3

Railroad ................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 3 3

Maryland .................................................................... − − *22

Railroad ................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... − − *22

Massachusetts ............................................................. −−− 10 10

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 1 1

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 9 9

Michigan ..................................................................... − − *11

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − *11

Minnesota ................................................................... − − 7 − 7

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7 − 7

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Mississippi .................................................................. − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Missouri ...................................................................... − − ***

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 125 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: PENNSYLVANIA, ANTHRACITE (Continued)

Nebraska ..................................................................... − − 11 − 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − 11 − 11

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

New Hampshire ......................................................... − − 235

Railroad ................................................................... − − ***

Truck ....................................................................... − − 235

New Jersey ................................................................. * − 10 5 14

Railroad ................................................................... − − ***

Truck ....................................................................... * − 10 5 14

New Mexico................................................................ − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

New York ................................................................... − − 45 47 92

Railroad ................................................................... − − 14 2 15

Truck ....................................................................... − − 32 45 77

North Carolina........................................................... − − 1 − 1

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

North Dakota ............................................................. − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Ohio ............................................................................. − 1 7 3 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − 1 7 3 11

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Oregon ........................................................................ − − 15 − 15

Railroad ................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 2,977 − 393 607 2 3,980

Railroad ................................................................... 77 − 36 11 124

Truck ....................................................................... 2,900 − 357 596 3,853

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 2

Rhode Island .............................................................. − − *22

Truck ....................................................................... − − *22

South Carolina........................................................... − − 54 * 54

Railroad ................................................................... − − 53 − 53

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

Tennessee .................................................................... − − 16 − 16

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

River ........................................................................ − − 5 − 5

Truck ....................................................................... − − 12 − 12

Texas ........................................................................... * − 7 − 7

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Truck ....................................................................... * − 2 − 2

Utah ............................................................................. − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Vermont ...................................................................... −−− 2 2

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 2 2

Virginia ....................................................................... − − 213

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 213

West Virginia............................................................. − − 42 1 42

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 42 1 42

Wisconsin .................................................................... − − 6*6

Railroad ................................................................... − − 5 − 5

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

Wyoming ..................................................................... − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 19

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 19

State Total .................................................................. 2,977 1 745 700 3 4,445

Railroad ................................................................... 77 − 228 14 320

River ........................................................................ − − 19 − 19

Truck ....................................................................... 2,900 1 499 685 4,085

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 22

See footnotes at end of table.

126 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: PENNSYLVANIA, BITUMINOUS

Alabama ...................................................................... 51 −−− 51

River ........................................................................ 51 −−− 51

Connecticut ................................................................. 175 − − 1 176

Railroad ................................................................... 175 −−− 175

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 1 1

Delaware ..................................................................... 1,181 − 28 1 1,210

Railroad ................................................................... 1,169 − 3 − 1,172

Truck ....................................................................... 12 − − 1 12

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 25 − 25

District of Columbia ................................................. 2 −−− 2

Truck ....................................................................... 2 −−− 2

Florida ......................................................................... 213 −−− 213

Railroad ................................................................... 148 −−− 148

River ........................................................................ 65 −−− 65

Illinois ......................................................................... − − 50 − 50

River ........................................................................ − − 50 − 50

Indiana ........................................................................ 128 168 − − 296

Railroad ................................................................... 85 168 − − 254

River ........................................................................ 36 −−− 36

Truck ....................................................................... 6 −−− 6

Iowa ............................................................................. − − 214 26 240

River ........................................................................ − − 214 26 240

Kentucky ..................................................................... 196 −−− 196

Railroad ................................................................... 2 −−− 2

River ........................................................................ 194 −−− 194

Louisiana .................................................................... 24 − 18 − 42

River ........................................................................ 24 − 18 − 42

Maine .......................................................................... − − 7 − 7

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7 − 7

Maryland .................................................................... 2,825 − 186 19 3,029

Railroad ................................................................... 2,698 −−− 2,698

Truck ....................................................................... 127 − 186 19 331

Massachusetts ............................................................. 66 − 8 * 74

Railroad ................................................................... 66 −−− 66

Truck ....................................................................... − − 8*8

Michigan ..................................................................... 3,805 140 80 − 4,025

Railroad ................................................................... 3,677 −−− 3,677

Great Lakes............................................................. 128 140 80 − 348

New Hampshire ......................................................... 777 − − 1 778

Railroad ................................................................... 762 −−− 762

Tidewater ................................................................ 15 −−− 15

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 1 1

New Jersey ................................................................. 534 −−− 534

Railroad ................................................................... 534 −−− 534

New York ................................................................... 4,478 4 479 44 5,006

Railroad ................................................................... 3,577 − 330 − 3,908

River ........................................................................ − − 45 2 46

Great Lakes............................................................. 555 −−− 555

Truck ....................................................................... 345 4 104 43 496

Ohio ............................................................................. 5,736 9 277 − 6,021

Railroad ................................................................... 2,040 −−− 2,040

River ........................................................................ 3,528 9 91 − 3,627

Great Lakes............................................................. 133 − 111 − 244

Truck ....................................................................... 34 − 75 − 109

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 34,065 1,607 2,094 170 2 37,937

Railroad ................................................................... 11,190 − 64 − 11,254

River ........................................................................ 3,829 1,607 36 12 5,484

Truck ....................................................................... 14,193 − 1,932 159 16,284

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,853 − 62 − 4,915

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 1

Tennessee .................................................................... 684 −−− 684

River ........................................................................ 684 −−− 684

Texas ........................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Utah ............................................................................. − 153 − − 153

Railroad ................................................................... − 153 − − 153

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 127 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: PENNSYLVANIA, BITUMINOUS (Continued)

Virginia ....................................................................... 381 − 21 * 402

Railroad ................................................................... 80 −−− 80

Truck ....................................................................... 301 − 21 * 322

West Virginia............................................................. 4,219 − 431 * 4,651

Railroad ................................................................... 85 −−− 85

River ........................................................................ 3,348 − 410 − 3,758

Truck ....................................................................... 135 − 1 * 137

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 651 − 20 − 671

Wisconsin .................................................................... 2,097 − 44 − 2,141

Railroad ................................................................... 881 −−− 881

River ........................................................................ 9 −−− 9

Great Lakes............................................................. 1,207 − 44 − 1,251

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 252

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 252

State Total .................................................................. 61,637 2,082 3,939 262 3 68,172

Railroad ................................................................... 27,170 322 404 − 27,896

River ........................................................................ 11,769 1,616 864 39 14,288

Great Lakes............................................................. 2,024 140 235 − 2,399

Tidewater ................................................................ 15 −−− 15

Truck ....................................................................... 15,154 4 2,328 223 17,710

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 5,504 − 107 − 5,611

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 253

ORIGIN: TENNESSEE

Alabama ...................................................................... − − 5 − 5

Railroad ................................................................... − − 5 − 5

Florida ......................................................................... 209 −−− 209

Railroad ................................................................... 209 −−− 209

Georgia ....................................................................... 312 − 381 − 693

Railroad ................................................................... 312 − 358 − 670

Truck ....................................................................... − − 23 − 23

Kentucky ..................................................................... −−− 7 7

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 7 7

North Carolina........................................................... − − 22 * 22

Railroad ................................................................... − − 22 − 22

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

South Carolina........................................................... 381 −−− 381

Railroad ................................................................... 381 −−− 381

Tennessee .................................................................... 1,160 − 261 1 1,422

Railroad ................................................................... 377 − 157 − 534

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Truck ....................................................................... 783 − 101 1 885

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 1

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 1

State Total .................................................................. 2,062 − 669 8 1 2,741

Railroad ................................................................... 1,279 − 542 − 1,821

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Truck ....................................................................... 783 − 124 8 915

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 1

ORIGIN: TEXAS

Louisiana .................................................................... 144 −−− 144

Truck ....................................................................... 144 −−− 144

Texas ........................................................................... 49,834 − 2,935 − 52,769

Railroad ................................................................... 23,300 − 42 − 23,342

Truck ....................................................................... 13,916 − 424 − 14,340

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 12,618 − 2,469 − 15,087

State Total .................................................................. 49,978 − 2,935 − 52,913

Railroad ................................................................... 23,300 − 42 − 23,342

Truck ....................................................................... 14,060 − 424 − 14,484

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 12,618 − 2,469 − 15,087

See footnotes at end of table.

128 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: UTAH

California .................................................................... 2,794 − 1,802 115 4,711

Railroad ................................................................... 2,794 − 1,800 101 4,695

Truck ....................................................................... − − 2 15 16

Colorado ..................................................................... −−− 3 3

Railroad ................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 3 3

Hawaii ......................................................................... − − 34 − 34

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 34 − 34

Idaho ........................................................................... − − 66 55 121

Railroad ................................................................... − − 66 − 66

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 55 55

Illinois ......................................................................... 2,266 −−− 2,266

Railroad ................................................................... 2,266 −−− 2,266

Kansas ......................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Missouri ...................................................................... −−− 10 10

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 10 10

Montana ...................................................................... − − 3*3

Truck ....................................................................... − − 3*3

Nevada ........................................................................ 2,961 − 470 1 3,431

Railroad ................................................................... 2,948 − 78 − 3,026

Truck ....................................................................... − − 392 1 393

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 12 −−− 12

Oregon ........................................................................ − − **1

Truck ....................................................................... − − **1

Pennsylvania ............................................................... * −−− *

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Tennessee .................................................................... 996 −−− 996

Railroad ................................................................... 343 −−− 343

River ........................................................................ 654 −−− 654

Utah ............................................................................. 11,576 3 838 113 12,531

Railroad ................................................................... 3,839 −−− 3,839

Truck ....................................................................... 4,382 3 838 113 5,337

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 3,355 −−− 3,355

Washington ................................................................. − − 79 13 92

Railroad ................................................................... − − 71 12 84

Truck ....................................................................... − − 718

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 30

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 30

State Total .................................................................. 20,594 3 3,292 311 1 24,229

Railroad ................................................................... 12,190 − 2,015 123 14,328

River ........................................................................ 654 −−− 654

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 34 − 34

Truck ....................................................................... 4,383 3 1,243 188 5,817

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 3,367 −−− 3,367

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 30

ORIGIN: VIRGINIA

Alabama ...................................................................... − 468 389 − 857

Railroad ................................................................... − 468 389 − 857

Delaware ..................................................................... 146 −−− 146

Railroad ................................................................... 146 −−− 146

Florida ......................................................................... 805 − 61 − 866

Railroad ................................................................... 805 − 61 − 866

Georgia ....................................................................... 2,556 − 325 11 2,893

Railroad ................................................................... 2,556 − 325 11 2,893

Illinois ......................................................................... − 176 − − 176

Railroad ................................................................... − 176 − − 176

Indiana ........................................................................ 830 697 − − 1,526

Railroad ................................................................... − 664 − − 664

River ........................................................................ 830 32 − − 862

Truck ....................................................................... − * − − *

Kentucky ..................................................................... * − 2 − 3

River ........................................................................ * −−− *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 2 − 2

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 129 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: VIRGINIA (Continued)

Maryland .................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Massachusetts ............................................................. 1 −−− 1

Tidewater ................................................................ 1 −−− 1

Michigan ..................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Mississippi .................................................................. − − 18 − 18

Railroad ................................................................... − − 18 − 18

New Jersey ................................................................. 700 − * − 700

Tidewater ................................................................ 700 −−− 700

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

New York ................................................................... − 4 − − 4

Railroad ................................................................... − 4 − − 4

North Carolina........................................................... 294 − 415 26 735

Railroad ................................................................... 257 − 387 26 670

Truck ....................................................................... 37 − 28 * 65

Ohio ............................................................................. 577 164 119 − 861

Railroad ................................................................... − 164 119 − 283

River ........................................................................ 577 −−− 577

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − 19 − 19

River ........................................................................ − − 19 − 19

Pennsylvania ............................................................... * 195 8 * 204

Railroad ................................................................... − 152 8 − 159

River ........................................................................ * 44 − − 44

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

South Carolina........................................................... 1,071 − 270 * 1,342

Railroad ................................................................... 1,071 − 270 − 1,341

Truck ....................................................................... − − **1

Tennessee .................................................................... 1,601 − 659 * 2,260

Railroad ................................................................... 1,601 − 616 − 2,217

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Truck ....................................................................... − − 41 * 42

Texas ........................................................................... − − 7 14 21

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7 14 21

Utah ............................................................................. − 27 − − 27

Railroad ................................................................... − 27 − − 27

Virginia ....................................................................... 5,960 942 524 24 2 7,602

Railroad ................................................................... 4,423 − 484 10 4,917

Truck ....................................................................... 1,537 − 20 14 1,571

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − 942 21 − 963

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 152

West Virginia............................................................. 22 392 − * 415

Railroad ................................................................... 10 392 − * 402

River ........................................................................ 13 −−− 13

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 53

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 53

State Total .................................................................. 14,565 3,065 2,818 76 3 20,728

Railroad ................................................................... 10,869 2,047 2,685 61 15,662

River ........................................................................ 1,420 76 20 − 1,517

Tidewater ................................................................ 701 −−− 701

Truck ....................................................................... 1,574 * 92 15 1,681

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − 942 21 − 963

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 204

ORIGIN: WASHINGTON

Washington ................................................................. 4,622 −−− 4,622

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,622 −−− 4,622

State Total .................................................................. 4,622 −−− 4,622

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,622 −−− 4,622

ORIGIN: WEST VIRGINIA, TOTAL

Alabama ...................................................................... 1,117 1,263 283 − 2,664

Railroad ................................................................... 295 1,263 190 − 1,748

See footnotes at end of table.

130 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: WEST VIRGINIA, TOTAL (Continued)

Alabama

River ........................................................................ 822 − 93 − 915

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Connecticut ................................................................. 742 − − * 743

Tidewater ................................................................ 742 −−− 742

Truck ....................................................................... * − − * 1

Delaware ..................................................................... 820 − 63 6 889

Railroad ................................................................... 820 − 63 − 883

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 6 6

District of Columbia ................................................. −−− 6 6

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 3 3

River ........................................................................ −−− 3 3

Florida ......................................................................... 2,233 −−− 2,233

Railroad ................................................................... 867 −−− 867

River ........................................................................ 119 −−− 119

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,171 −−− 1,171

Truck ....................................................................... 77 −−− 77

Georgia ....................................................................... 4,782 −−− 4,782

Railroad ................................................................... 4,767 −−− 4,767

Truck ....................................................................... 15 −−− 15

Idaho ........................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Railroad ................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Illinois ......................................................................... 43 1,522 276 − 1,841

Railroad ................................................................... 43 826 90 − 960

River ........................................................................ − 378 186 − 565

Great Lakes............................................................. − 317 − − 317

Indiana ........................................................................ 871 5,272 201 24 6,368

Railroad ................................................................... 454 4,790 174 24 5,441

River ........................................................................ 392 482 27 − 901

Truck ....................................................................... 26 −−− 26

Iowa ............................................................................. 19 − 54 87 160

Railroad ................................................................... − − 25 − 25

River ........................................................................ 19 − 29 87 135

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Kentucky ..................................................................... 6,430 1,113 597 58 8,197

Railroad ................................................................... 1,028 1,113 42 9 2,192

River ........................................................................ 5,380 − 449 6 5,835

Truck ....................................................................... 22 − 105 43 170

Louisiana .................................................................... 128 −−− 128

River ........................................................................ 128 −−− 128

Maryland .................................................................... 6,562 − 290 30 6,881

Railroad ................................................................... 4,824 − 185 − 5,008

Tidewater ................................................................ 972 −−− 972

Truck ....................................................................... 766 − 105 30 901

Massachusetts ............................................................. 2,222 − 248 − 2,470

Railroad ................................................................... 578 − 247 − 825

River ........................................................................ 6 −−− 6

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,639 −−− 1,639

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Michigan ..................................................................... 4,630 839 384 − 5,854

Railroad ................................................................... 4,519 − 154 − 4,673

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Great Lakes............................................................. 111 839 227 − 1,177

Minnesota ................................................................... − − 104 12 116

River ........................................................................ − − 104 12 116

Mississippi .................................................................. − − 38 − 38

Railroad ................................................................... − − 22 − 22

River ........................................................................ − − 17 − 17

Missouri ...................................................................... 34 − 23 − 57

River ........................................................................ 34 − 23 − 57

Nebraska ..................................................................... 5 −−− 5

Railroad ................................................................... 5 −−− 5

Nevada ........................................................................ − − 36 − 36

River ........................................................................ − − 36 − 36

New Hampshire ......................................................... 216 −−− 216

Railroad ................................................................... 216 −−− 216

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 131 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: WEST VIRGINIA, TOTAL (Continued)

New Jersey ................................................................. 1,677 −−− 1,677

Railroad ................................................................... 980 −−− 980

River ........................................................................ 95 −−− 95

Tidewater ................................................................ 602 −−− 602

New York ................................................................... 4,200 660 630 5 5,495

Railroad ................................................................... 3,821 660 395 − 4,876

River ........................................................................ − − 234 5 239

Great Lakes............................................................. 50 −−− 50

Tidewater ................................................................ 330 −−− 330

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 1 1

North Carolina........................................................... 9,507 − 189 84 9,780

Railroad ................................................................... 9,329 − 184 84 9,597

Tidewater ................................................................ 178 −−− 178

Truck ....................................................................... − − 5 − 5

Ohio ............................................................................. 20,206 1,005 757 176 22,144

Railroad ................................................................... 3,032 851 188 − 4,071

River ........................................................................ 17,091 − 91 170 17,352

Great Lakes............................................................. − 154 149 − 303

Truck ....................................................................... 83 − 330 5 418

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − 121 − 121

Railroad ................................................................... − − 32 − 32

River ........................................................................ − − 89 − 89

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 8,970 5,581 1,670 12 16,234

Railroad ................................................................... 1,709 908 880 − 3,497

River ........................................................................ 6,957 4,673 694 − 12,324

Tidewater ................................................................ 12 −−− 12

Truck ....................................................................... 285 − 97 12 394

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 8 −−− 8

South Carolina........................................................... 711 − 91 13 815

Railroad ................................................................... 711 − 91 13 815

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Tennessee .................................................................... 223 − 155 − 378

Railroad ................................................................... 7 − 1 − 8

River ........................................................................ 216 − 148 − 364

Truck ....................................................................... − − 6 − 6

Texas ........................................................................... 1 −−− 1

River ........................................................................ 1 −−− 1

Utah ............................................................................. − 115 10 − 125

Railroad ................................................................... − 115 10 − 125

Vermont ...................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Virginia ....................................................................... 3,864 76 1,289 61 5,291

Railroad ................................................................... 3,188 1 1,184 47 4,419

Truck ....................................................................... 676 − 106 14 796

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − 75 − − 75

West Virginia............................................................. 25,679 1,265 1,343 161 2 28,451

Railroad ................................................................... 9,514 454 132 73 10,172

River ........................................................................ 10,011 811 137 − 10,959

Truck ....................................................................... 3,380 − 788 88 4,255

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,776 − 286 − 3,061

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 3

Wisconsin .................................................................... 116 − 304 − 420

Railroad ................................................................... * − 10 − 10

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Great Lakes............................................................. 116 − 293 − 409

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 446

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 446

State Total .................................................................. 106,029 18,712 9,157 736 3 135,082

Railroad ................................................................... 50,727 10,980 4,299 252 66,259

River ........................................................................ 41,268 6,345 2,361 283 50,258

Great Lakes............................................................. 277 1,311 668 − 2,256

Tidewater ................................................................ 5,645 −−− 5,645

Truck ....................................................................... 5,328 − 1,542 200 7,071

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,783 75 286 − 3,145

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 448

See footnotes at end of table.

132 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: WEST VIRGINIA, NORTHERN

Alabama ...................................................................... 396 −−− 396

River ........................................................................ 396 −−− 396

Connecticut ................................................................. 667 −−− 667

Tidewater ................................................................ 666 −−− 666

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Delaware ..................................................................... 444 − 63 6 513

Railroad ................................................................... 444 − 63 − 507

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 6 6

Florida ......................................................................... 664 −−− 664

Railroad ................................................................... 631 −−− 631

Truck ....................................................................... 33 −−− 33

Illinois ......................................................................... − − 88 − 88

River ........................................................................ − − 88 − 88

Indiana ........................................................................ 485 −−− 485

Railroad ................................................................... 454 −−− 454

River ........................................................................ 6 −−− 6

Truck ....................................................................... 26 −−− 26

Kentucky ..................................................................... 1,206 −−− 1,206

Railroad ................................................................... 7 −−− 7

River ........................................................................ 1,199 −−− 1,199

Louisiana .................................................................... 101 −−− 101

River ........................................................................ 101 −−− 101

Maryland .................................................................... 3,845 − 271 30 4,146

Railroad ................................................................... 3,079 − 166 − 3,245

Truck ....................................................................... 766 − 105 30 901

Massachusetts ............................................................. 39 − 1 − 40

Railroad ................................................................... 33 −−− 33

River ........................................................................ 6 −−− 6

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Michigan ..................................................................... 615 − 89 − 704

Railroad ................................................................... 615 − 17 − 632

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 72 − 72

Missouri ...................................................................... 34 −−− 34

River ........................................................................ 34 −−− 34

New Hampshire ......................................................... 208 −−− 208

Railroad ................................................................... 208 −−− 208

New Jersey ................................................................. 1,463 −−− 1,463

Railroad ................................................................... 940 −−− 940

River ........................................................................ 70 −−− 70

Tidewater ................................................................ 454 −−− 454

New York ................................................................... 3,632 − 386 1 4,018

Railroad ................................................................... 3,631 − 386 − 4,017

Great Lakes............................................................. 1 −−− 1

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 1 1

Ohio ............................................................................. 4,630 −−− 4,630

Railroad ................................................................... 2,139 −−− 2,139

River ........................................................................ 2,481 −−− 2,481

Truck ....................................................................... 9 −−− 9

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 8,570 − 342 6 8,918

Railroad ................................................................... 1,679 − 250 − 1,929

River ........................................................................ 6,845 −−− 6,845

Truck ....................................................................... 46 − 92 6 144

Texas ........................................................................... 1 −−− 1

River ........................................................................ 1 −−− 1

Virginia ....................................................................... 738 − * − 738

Railroad ................................................................... 62 −−− 62

Truck ....................................................................... 676 − * − 677

West Virginia............................................................. 10,646 − 255 20 10,921

Railroad ................................................................... 349 − 23 − 372

River ........................................................................ 4,586 − 51 − 4,637

Truck ....................................................................... 2,936 − 95 20 3,050

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,776 − 86 − 2,862

Wisconsin .................................................................... 91 − 269 − 360

Great Lakes............................................................. 91 − 269 − 360

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 110

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 110

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 133 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: WEST VIRGINIA, NORTHERN (Continued)

State Total .................................................................. 38,475 − 1,764 62 1 40,410

Railroad ................................................................... 14,271 − 905 − 15,175

River ........................................................................ 15,725 − 139 − 15,863

Great Lakes............................................................. 92 − 341 − 433

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,120 −−− 1,120

Truck ....................................................................... 4,492 − 293 62 4,847

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,776 − 86 − 2,862

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 110

ORIGIN: WEST VIRGINIA, SOUTHERN

Alabama ...................................................................... 721 1,263 283 − 2,268

Railroad ................................................................... 295 1,263 190 − 1,748

River ........................................................................ 426 − 93 − 519

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Connecticut ................................................................. 76 − − * 76

Tidewater ................................................................ 76 −−− 76

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Delaware ..................................................................... 376 −−− 376

Railroad ................................................................... 376 −−− 376

District of Columbia ................................................. −−− 6 6

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 3 3

River ........................................................................ −−− 3 3

Florida ......................................................................... 1,570 −−− 1,570

Railroad ................................................................... 236 −−− 236

River ........................................................................ 119 −−− 119

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,171 −−− 1,171

Truck ....................................................................... 44 −−− 44

Georgia ....................................................................... 4,782 −−− 4,782

Railroad ................................................................... 4,767 −−− 4,767

Truck ....................................................................... 15 −−− 15

Idaho ........................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Railroad ................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Illinois ......................................................................... 43 1,522 189 − 1,753

Railroad ................................................................... 43 826 90 − 960

River ........................................................................ − 378 98 − 477

Great Lakes............................................................. − 317 − − 317

Indiana ........................................................................ 386 5,272 201 24 5,882

Railroad ................................................................... − 4,790 174 24 4,987

River ........................................................................ 386 482 27 − 895

Iowa ............................................................................. 19 − 54 87 160

Railroad ................................................................... − − 25 − 25

River ........................................................................ 19 − 29 87 135

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Kentucky ..................................................................... 5,224 1,113 597 58 6,991

Railroad ................................................................... 1,021 1,113 42 9 2,185

River ........................................................................ 4,181 − 449 6 4,636

Truck ....................................................................... 22 − 105 43 170

Louisiana .................................................................... 27 −−− 27

River ........................................................................ 27 −−− 27

Maryland .................................................................... 2,716 − 19 − 2,735

Railroad ................................................................... 1,745 − 19 − 1,763

Tidewater ................................................................ 972 −−− 972

Massachusetts ............................................................. 2,183 − 247 − 2,430

Railroad ................................................................... 544 − 247 − 792

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,639 −−− 1,639

Michigan ..................................................................... 4,015 839 295 − 5,150

Railroad ................................................................... 3,905 − 137 − 4,041

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Great Lakes............................................................. 111 839 155 − 1,105

Minnesota ................................................................... − − 104 12 116

River ........................................................................ − − 104 12 116

Mississippi .................................................................. − − 38 − 38

Railroad ................................................................... − − 22 − 22

River ........................................................................ − − 17 − 17

See footnotes at end of table.

134 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: WEST VIRGINIA, SOUTHERN (Continued)

Missouri ...................................................................... − − 23 − 23

River ........................................................................ − − 23 − 23

Nebraska ..................................................................... 5 −−− 5

Railroad ................................................................... 5 −−− 5

Nevada ........................................................................ − − 36 − 36

River ........................................................................ − − 36 − 36

New Hampshire ......................................................... 8 −−− 8

Railroad ................................................................... 8 −−− 8

New Jersey ................................................................. 214 −−− 214

Railroad ................................................................... 40 −−− 40

River ........................................................................ 25 −−− 25

Tidewater ................................................................ 148 −−− 148

New York ................................................................... 569 660 244 5 1,477

Railroad ................................................................... 190 660 9 − 859

River ........................................................................ − − 234 5 239

Great Lakes............................................................. 49 −−− 49

Tidewater ................................................................ 330 −−− 330

North Carolina........................................................... 9,507 − 189 84 9,780

Railroad ................................................................... 9,329 − 184 84 9,597

Tidewater ................................................................ 178 −−− 178

Truck ....................................................................... − − 5 − 5

Ohio ............................................................................. 15,576 1,005 757 176 17,514

Railroad ................................................................... 892 851 188 − 1,931

River ........................................................................ 14,610 − 91 170 14,871

Great Lakes............................................................. − 154 149 − 303

Truck ....................................................................... 73 − 330 5 409

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − 121 − 121

Railroad ................................................................... − − 32 − 32

River ........................................................................ − − 89 − 89

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 400 5,581 1,328 6 7,315

Railroad ................................................................... 30 908 630 − 1,568

River ........................................................................ 111 4,673 694 − 5,478

Tidewater ................................................................ 12 −−− 12

Truck ....................................................................... 239 − 4 6 249

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 8 −−− 8

South Carolina........................................................... 711 − 91 13 815

Railroad ................................................................... 711 − 91 13 815

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Tennessee .................................................................... 223 − 155 − 378

Railroad ................................................................... 7 − 1 − 8

River ........................................................................ 216 − 148 − 364

Truck ....................................................................... − − 6 − 6

Utah ............................................................................. − 115 10 − 125

Railroad ................................................................... − 115 10 − 125

Vermont ...................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Virginia ....................................................................... 3,126 76 1,289 61 4,552

Railroad ................................................................... 3,126 1 1,184 47 4,357

Truck ....................................................................... * − 105 14 120

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − 75 − − 75

West Virginia............................................................. 15,033 1,265 1,088 141 2 17,529

Railroad ................................................................... 9,165 454 109 73 9,800

River ........................................................................ 5,424 811 86 − 6,322

Truck ....................................................................... 444 − 693 68 1,205

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 199 − 199

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 3

Wisconsin .................................................................... 25 − 35 − 60

Railroad ................................................................... * − 10 − 10

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Great Lakes............................................................. 25 − 24 − 49

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 336

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 336

State Total .................................................................. 67,554 18,712 7,393 673 3 94,671

Railroad ................................................................... 36,456 10,980 3,395 252 51,083

River ........................................................................ 25,544 6,345 2,223 283 34,395

Great Lakes............................................................. 185 1,311 327 − 1,824

Tidewater ................................................................ 4,525 −−− 4,525

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 135 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: WEST VIRGINIA, SOUTHERN (Continued)

State Total

Truck ....................................................................... 836 − 1,249 138 2,223

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 8 75 199 − 283

Unknown ................................................................. − −− − 3 339

ORIGIN: WYOMING

Alabama ...................................................................... 6,017 −− − 6,017

Railroad ................................................................... 6,017 −− − 6,017

Arizona ....................................................................... 368 −− − 368

Railroad ................................................................... 368 −− − 368

Arkansas ..................................................................... 13,351 − 2 − 13,353

Railroad ................................................................... 13,351 − 2 − 13,353

Colorado ..................................................................... 8,022 − 110 − 8,132

Railroad ................................................................... 8,022 − 49 − 8,071

Truck ....................................................................... − − 61 − 61

Connecticut ................................................................. 33 −− − 33

Railroad ................................................................... 33 −− − 33

Florida ......................................................................... 1,064 −− − 1,064

Railroad ................................................................... 1,064 −− − 1,064

Georgia ....................................................................... 5,950 −− − 5,950

Railroad ................................................................... 5,950 −− − 5,950

Idaho ........................................................................... − − 389 2 392

Railroad ................................................................... − − 360 − 360

Truck ....................................................................... − − 29 2 31

Illinois ......................................................................... 20,866 −− − 20,866

Railroad ................................................................... 13,656 −− − 13,656

River ........................................................................ 7,210 −− − 7,210

Indiana ........................................................................ 17,282 −− − 17,282

Railroad ................................................................... 8,010 −− − 8,010

River ........................................................................ 9,206 −− − 9,206

Great Lakes............................................................. 66 −− − 66

Iowa ............................................................................. 19,904 − 786 − 20,690

Railroad ................................................................... 19,904 − 786 − 20,690

Kansas ......................................................................... 14,373 −− − 14,373

Railroad ................................................................... 14,373 −− − 14,373

Louisiana .................................................................... 10,346 −− − 10,346

Railroad ................................................................... 10,346 −− − 10,346

Michigan ..................................................................... 11,936 −− − 11,936

Railroad ................................................................... 11,936 −− − 11,936

Minnesota ................................................................... 7,950 − 617 2 8,568

Railroad ................................................................... 7,422 − 202 2 7,626

Great Lakes............................................................. 490 − 415 − 904

Truck ....................................................................... 38 −− − 38

Mississippi .................................................................. 468 −− − 468

Tidewater ................................................................ 468 −− − 468

Missouri ...................................................................... 38,358 −− − 38,358

Railroad ................................................................... 38,358 −− − 38,358

Montana ...................................................................... 396 − 61 * 457

Railroad ................................................................... 396 − 61 − 456

Truck ....................................................................... − −− * *

Nebraska ..................................................................... 11,537 − 124 * 11,661

Railroad ................................................................... 11,537 − 124 − 11,661

Truck ....................................................................... − −− * *

North Dakota ............................................................. 65 −− − 65

Railroad ................................................................... 65 −− − 65

Ohio ............................................................................. 2,435 −− − 2,435

Railroad ................................................................... 2,414 −− − 2,414

River ........................................................................ 21 −− − 21

Oklahoma ................................................................... 19,254 − 4 − 19,258

Railroad ................................................................... 19,254 − 4 − 19,258

Oregon ........................................................................ 2,004 − 58 − 2,062

Railroad ................................................................... 2,004 − 58 − 2,062

South Dakota ............................................................. 151 − 278 * 430

Truck ....................................................................... 151 − 278 * 430

See footnotes at end of table.

136 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: WYOMING (Continued)

Tennessee .................................................................... 3,615 − 135 − 3,750

Railroad ................................................................... 3,615 − 135 − 3,750

Texas ........................................................................... 44,893 − 196 − 45,089

Railroad ................................................................... 44,893 − 196 − 45,089

Utah ............................................................................. −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Virginia ....................................................................... 55 −−− 55

Railroad ................................................................... 55 −−− 55

Washington ................................................................. −−− 1 1

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 1 1

Wisconsin .................................................................... 19,570 − 386 − 19,956

Railroad ................................................................... 15,040 − 386 − 15,426

Great Lakes............................................................. 4,530 −−− 4,530

Wyoming ..................................................................... 25,624 − 1,996 99 27,719

Railroad ................................................................... 11,029 − 1,291 6 12,325

Truck ....................................................................... 2,726 − 705 94 3,525

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 11,869 −−− 11,869

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 28

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 28

State Total .................................................................. 305,888 − 5,142 105 1 311,162

Railroad ................................................................... 269,113 − 3,654 8 272,775

River ........................................................................ 16,437 −−− 16,437

Great Lakes............................................................. 5,086 − 415 − 5,500

Tidewater ................................................................ 468 −−− 468

Truck ....................................................................... 2,915 − 1,074 97 4,085

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 11,869 −−− 11,869

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 28

ORIGIN: U.S. TOTAL

Alabama ...................................................................... 26,599 2,388 2,533 9 31,530

Railroad ................................................................... 15,493 2,181 1,070 − 18,744

River ........................................................................ 7,575 − 110 − 7,684

Truck ....................................................................... 3,531 207 1,354 9 5,102

Alaska ......................................................................... 440 − − 530 970

Railroad ................................................................... 138 − − 467 606

Truck ....................................................................... 301 − − 63 364

Arizona ....................................................................... 19,060 − 691 * 19,751

Railroad ................................................................... 19,060 − 688 − 19,748

Truck ....................................................................... − − 3*3

Arkansas ..................................................................... 13,420 − 116 − 13,536

Railroad ................................................................... 13,420 − 61 − 13,481

Truck ....................................................................... − − 55 − 55

California .................................................................... 2,794 − 1,880 115 4,789

Railroad ................................................................... 2,794 − 1,878 101 4,773

Truck ....................................................................... − − 2 15 16

Colorado ..................................................................... 19,457 − 681 18 2 20,158

Railroad ................................................................... 15,042 − 431 * 15,473

Truck ....................................................................... 4,416 − 250 18 4,683

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 2

Connecticut ................................................................. 1,410 − 2 6 1,418

Railroad ................................................................... 248 − − * 248

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,162 −−− 1,162

Truck ....................................................................... * − 268

Delaware ..................................................................... 2,336 − 98 7 2,440

Railroad ................................................................... 2,324 − 66 − 2,390

Truck ....................................................................... 12 − 7 7 25

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 25 − 25

District of Columbia ................................................. 2 − − 6 8

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 3 3

River ........................................................................ −−− 3 3

Truck ....................................................................... 2 − − * 2

Florida ......................................................................... 26,017 − 1,056 6 27,078

Railroad ................................................................... 16,863 − 666 6 17,534

River ........................................................................ 6,978 − 390 − 7,367

Tidewater ................................................................ 2,061 −−− 2,061

Truck ....................................................................... 116 − * − 116

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 137 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: U.S. TOTAL (Continued)

Georgia ....................................................................... 29,789 − 1,776 11 31,576

Railroad ................................................................... 29,774 − 1,599 11 31,385

Truck ....................................................................... 15 − 176 − 191

Hawaii ......................................................................... − − 34 − 34

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 34 − 34

Idaho ........................................................................... 20 − 455 58 533

Railroad ................................................................... 20 − 426 − 447

Truck ....................................................................... − − 29 58 87

Illinois ......................................................................... 42,872 1,769 3,959 237 48,838

Railroad ................................................................... 30,290 1,074 1,762 − 33,127

River ........................................................................ 8,355 378 631 51 9,415

Great Lakes............................................................. − 317 − − 317

Truck ....................................................................... 4,227 − 1,539 187 5,953

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 27 − 27

Indiana ........................................................................ 54,711 6,662 4,149 371 65,893

Railroad ................................................................... 34,048 6,147 1,902 24 42,121

River ........................................................................ 11,658 515 535 3 12,711

Great Lakes............................................................. 66 −−− 66

Truck ....................................................................... 8,201 * 1,712 344 10,257

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 739 −−− 739

Iowa ............................................................................. 21,275 − 2,248 279 23,803

Railroad ................................................................... 20,194 − 1,416 − 21,610

River ........................................................................ 1,082 − 651 279 2,012

Truck ....................................................................... − − 181 * 181

Kansas ......................................................................... 16,497 − 104 * 16,601

Railroad ................................................................... 16,081 − 1 − 16,082

Truck ....................................................................... 416 − 103 * 520

Kentucky ..................................................................... 39,396 1,540 1,526 232 2 42,704

Railroad ................................................................... 8,479 1,540 104 11 10,134

River ........................................................................ 19,085 − 633 7 19,726

Truck ....................................................................... 11,832 − 789 214 12,834

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 10

Louisiana .................................................................... 15,747 − 29 − 15,776

Railroad ................................................................... 10,346 −−− 10,346

River ........................................................................ 1,926 − 29 − 1,954

Truck ....................................................................... 1,133 − * − 1,133

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,342 −−− 2,342

Maine .......................................................................... − − 255 3 258

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7*7

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 249 − 249

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 3 3

Maryland .................................................................... 10,433 − 686 53 11,171

Railroad ................................................................... 8,096 − 185 * 8,280

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,320 −−− 1,320

Truck ....................................................................... 1,017 − 501 53 1,571

Massachusetts ............................................................. 2,515 − 256 26 2,798

Railroad ................................................................... 832 − 247 17 1,097

River ........................................................................ 6 −−− 6

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,677 −−− 1,677

Truck ....................................................................... − − 9 9 18

Michigan ..................................................................... 35,484 1,881 2,222 145 39,731

Railroad ................................................................... 28,453 567 558 140 29,717

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Great Lakes............................................................. 6,934 1,314 1,171 − 9,419

Truck ....................................................................... 96 − 490 5 592

Minnesota ................................................................... 18,090 − 1,315 42 19,447

Railroad ................................................................... 17,512 − 553 5 18,070

River ........................................................................ 21 − 159 23 203

Great Lakes............................................................. 490 − 603 − 1,093

Truck ....................................................................... 67 − * 14 81

Mississippi .................................................................. 5,715 − 234 − 5,949

Railroad ................................................................... 3,786 − 40 − 3,825

River ........................................................................ 825 − 121 − 946

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,104 −−− 1,104

Truck ....................................................................... − − 73 − 73

Missouri ...................................................................... 41,081 − 773 166 42,019

Railroad ................................................................... 39,952 − * 10 39,963

River ........................................................................ 750 − 103 − 853

Truck ....................................................................... 378 − 669 156 1,203

See footnotes at end of table.

138 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: U.S. TOTAL (Continued)

Montana ...................................................................... 10,594 − 227 4 10,825

Railroad ................................................................... 401 − 61 − 462

Truck ....................................................................... 345 − 4 4 353

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 9,848 − 163 − 10,011

Nebraska ..................................................................... 11,548 − 307 * 11,855

Railroad ................................................................... 11,548 − 307 − 11,855

Truck ....................................................................... − − ***

Nevada ........................................................................ 7,470 − 505 1 7,976

Railroad ................................................................... 2,968 − 78 − 3,046

River ........................................................................ − − 36 − 36

Truck ....................................................................... − − 392 1 393

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,501 −−− 4,501

New Hampshire ......................................................... 993 − 2 4 1,000

Railroad ................................................................... 979 − * * 979

Tidewater ................................................................ 15 −−− 15

Truck ....................................................................... − − 246

New Jersey ................................................................. 2,911 − 36 5 2,952

Railroad ................................................................... 1,514 − * * 1,514

River ........................................................................ 95 −−− 95

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,302 −−− 1,302

Truck ....................................................................... * − 36 5 41

New Mexico................................................................ 15,867 − 73 9 2 15,950

Railroad ................................................................... 9,062 −−− 9,062

Truck ....................................................................... 57 − 73 9 139

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 6,749 −−− 6,749

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 0

New York ................................................................... 9,816 1,277 1,187 147 12,427

Railroad ................................................................... 8,471 1,273 767 10 10,521

River ........................................................................ − − 281 6 287

Great Lakes............................................................. 670 −−− 670

Tidewater ................................................................ 330 −−− 330

Truck ....................................................................... 345 4 139 131 619

North Carolina........................................................... 25,518 − 1,999 200 27,717

Railroad ................................................................... 25,214 − 1,721 200 27,135

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Tidewater ................................................................ 178 −−− 178

Truck ....................................................................... 126 − 276 1 403

North Dakota ............................................................. 24,533 − 6,488 118 31,139

Railroad ................................................................... 662 − 288 57 1,007

Truck ....................................................................... 4,202 − * 61 4,263

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 19,669 − 6,200 − 25,869

Ohio ............................................................................. 58,585 1,467 3,203 391 63,646

Railroad ................................................................... 9,643 1,302 628 − 11,574

River ........................................................................ 31,355 9 322 213 31,899

Great Lakes............................................................. 968 154 298 − 1,420

Truck ....................................................................... 8,762 1 1,954 178 10,895

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 7,856 − 2 − 7,858

Oklahoma ................................................................... 20,489 − 468 1 20,957

Railroad ................................................................... 19,254 − 156 − 19,410

River ........................................................................ − − 136 − 136

Truck ....................................................................... 1,234 − 176 1 1,411

Oregon ........................................................................ 2,004 − 88 * 2,092

Railroad ................................................................... 2,004 − 88 − 2,091

Truck ....................................................................... − − **1

Pennsylvania ............................................................... 46,338 7,696 4,703 841 2 59,582

Railroad ................................................................... 12,992 1,105 1,025 53 15,175

River ........................................................................ 10,914 6,581 984 12 18,492

Tidewater ................................................................ 12 −−− 12

Truck ....................................................................... 17,558 10 2,633 776 20,978

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,861 − 62 − 4,923

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 3

Rhode Island .............................................................. − − *22

Truck ....................................................................... − − *22

South Carolina........................................................... 13,586 − 2,042 23 15,651

Railroad ................................................................... 13,586 − 1,997 22 15,605

Truck ....................................................................... − − 45 1 46

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 139 
Table 63. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination

and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial State of Destination Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

ORIGIN: U.S. TOTAL (Continued)

South Dakota ............................................................. 1,850 − 285 * 2,135

Railroad ................................................................... 1,698 −−− 1,698

River ........................................................................ − − 7 − 7

Truck ....................................................................... 151 − 278 * 430

Tennessee .................................................................... 26,392 − 3,319 25 29,735

Railroad ................................................................... 17,201 − 2,103 12 19,316

River ........................................................................ 5,949 − 382 6 6,336

Truck ....................................................................... 3,242 − 834 7 4,083

Texas ........................................................................... 97,915 − 3,829 14 101,759

Railroad ................................................................... 71,381 − 928 14 72,323

River ........................................................................ 1 − 3 − 4

Truck ....................................................................... 13,916 − 429 * 14,345

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 12,618 − 2,469 − 15,087

Utah ............................................................................. 13,373 740 848 113 15,074

Railroad ................................................................... 5,636 736 10 − 6,382

Truck ....................................................................... 4,382 3 838 113 5,337

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 3,355 −−− 3,355

Vermont ...................................................................... − − *22

Truck ....................................................................... − − *22

Virginia ....................................................................... 15,888 1,018 2,563 172 2 19,792

Railroad ................................................................... 13,311 1 2,378 112 15,802

Truck ....................................................................... 2,577 − 164 60 2,801

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − 1,017 21 − 1,038

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 152

Washington ................................................................. 6,129 − 81 14 6,224

Railroad ................................................................... 1,507 − 74 13 1,594

Truck ....................................................................... − − 718

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,622 −−− 4,622

West Virginia............................................................. 34,574 1,690 2,147 162 2 38,576

Railroad ................................................................... 9,611 879 176 73 10,739

River ........................................................................ 15,044 811 551 − 16,406

Truck ....................................................................... 6,492 − 1,114 90 7,696

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 3,427 − 306 − 3,733

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 3

Wisconsin .................................................................... 25,497 − 1,555 128 27,180

Railroad ................................................................... 18,669 − 825 1 19,495

River ........................................................................ 832 − 34 126 992

Great Lakes............................................................. 5,995 − 695 − 6,690

Truck ....................................................................... 1 − 1*3

Wyoming ..................................................................... 25,624 − 2,147 159 27,930

Railroad ................................................................... 11,029 − 1,293 66 12,387

Truck ....................................................................... 2,726 − 855 94 3,674

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 11,869 −−− 11,869

Unknown State........................................................... −−−− 1 1,244

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 1,244

U.S. Total.................................................................... 942,655 28,128 65,184 4,856 3 1,042,236

Railroad ................................................................... 601,587 16,806 28,562 1,427 648,382

River ........................................................................ 122,449 8,294 6,101 729 137,573

Great Lakes............................................................. 15,123 1,785 2,766 − 19,675

Tidewater ................................................................ 9,162 − 282 − 9,444

Truck ....................................................................... 101,878 226 18,197 2,700 123,000

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 92,456 1,017 9,275 − 102,749

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 1,413

1 Includes distribution to unknown consumers.

2 Includes distribution to the transportation sector.

3 Includes distribution to both the transportation sector and unknown consumers.

* Quantity is less than 500 short tons or percent is less than .05.

 Note: Total may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

140 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: ALABAMA

Alabama ...................................................................... 15,791 643 1,388 9 17,831

Railroad ................................................................... 7,988 436 53 − 8,477

River ........................................................................ 4,271 −−− 4,271

Truck ....................................................................... 3,531 207 1,335 9 5,083

Colorado ..................................................................... 427 −−− 427

Railroad ................................................................... 427 −−− 427

Illinois ......................................................................... 809 −−− 809

Railroad ................................................................... 269 −−− 269

River ........................................................................ 540 −−− 540

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 2,383 14 457 1 2,855

Railroad ................................................................... 497 14 432 − 943

River ........................................................................ 1,887 − 6 − 1,893

Truck ....................................................................... − − 18 1 19

Eastern ..................................................................... 567 14 457 1 1,039

Railroad ................................................................... 497 14 432 − 943

River ........................................................................ 70 − 6 − 77

Truck ....................................................................... − − 18 1 19

Western .................................................................... 1,816 −−− 1,816

River ........................................................................ 1,816 −−− 1,816

Ohio ............................................................................. 4 −−− 4

River ........................................................................ 4 −−− 4

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 51 − 11 − 62

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

River ........................................................................ 51 − 11 − 62

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 11 − 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

River ........................................................................ − − 11 − 11

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Bituminous .............................................................. 51 −−− 51

River ........................................................................ 51 −−− 51

Tennessee .................................................................... − − 5 − 5

Railroad ................................................................... − − 5 − 5

Virginia ....................................................................... − 468 389 − 857

Railroad ................................................................... − 468 389 − 857

West Virginia Total................................................... 1,117 1,263 283 − 2,664

Railroad ................................................................... 295 1,263 190 − 1,748

River ........................................................................ 822 − 93 − 915

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Northern .................................................................. 396 −−− 396

River ........................................................................ 396 −−− 396

Southern .................................................................. 721 1,263 283 − 2,268

Railroad ................................................................... 295 1,263 190 − 1,748

River ........................................................................ 426 − 93 − 519

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Wyoming ..................................................................... 6,017 −−− 6,017

Railroad ................................................................... 6,017 −−− 6,017

State Total .................................................................. 26,599 2,388 2,533 9 31,530

Railroad ................................................................... 15,493 2,181 1,070 − 18,744

River ........................................................................ 7,575 − 110 − 7,684

Truck ....................................................................... 3,531 207 1,354 9 5,102

DESTINATION: ALASKA

Alaska ......................................................................... 440 − − 530 970

Railroad ................................................................... 138 − − 467 606

Truck ....................................................................... 301 − − 63 364

State Total .................................................................. 440 − − 530 970

Railroad ................................................................... 138 − − 467 606

Truck ....................................................................... 301 − − 63 364

DESTINATION: ARIZONA

Arizona ....................................................................... 7,680 −−− 7,680

Railroad ................................................................... 7,680 −−− 7,680

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 141 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: ARIZONA (Continued)

Colorado ..................................................................... 355 − 112 * 467

Railroad ................................................................... 355 − 112 − 467

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Montana ...................................................................... 94 −−− 94

Railroad ................................................................... 94 −−− 94

New Mexico................................................................ 10,562 − 576 * 11,138

Railroad ................................................................... 10,562 − 576 − 11,138

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 3 − 3

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 3 − 3

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 3 − 3

Wyoming ..................................................................... 368 −−− 368

Railroad ................................................................... 368 −−− 368

State Total .................................................................. 19,060 − 691 * 19,751

Railroad ................................................................... 19,060 − 688 − 19,748

Truck ....................................................................... − − 3*3

DESTINATION: ARKANSAS

Alabama ...................................................................... 64 − 15 − 78

Railroad ................................................................... 64 −−− 64

Truck ....................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Colorado ..................................................................... 5 −−− 5

Railroad ................................................................... 5 −−− 5

Illinois ......................................................................... − − 12 − 12

Railroad ................................................................... − − 12 − 12

Missouri ...................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Railroad ................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − 71 − 71

Railroad ................................................................... − − 31 − 31

Truck ....................................................................... − − 40 − 40

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 2 − 2

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 2 − 2

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Wyoming ..................................................................... 13,351 − 2 − 13,353

Railroad ................................................................... 13,351 − 2 − 13,353

State Total .................................................................. 13,420 − 116 − 13,536

Railroad ................................................................... 13,420 − 61 − 13,481

Truck ....................................................................... − − 55 − 55

DESTINATION: CALIFORNIA

Colorado ..................................................................... − − 78 − 78

Railroad ................................................................... − − 78 − 78

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − ***

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − ***

Anthracite ................................................................ − − ***

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − ***

Utah ............................................................................. 2,794 − 1,802 115 4,711

Railroad ................................................................... 2,794 − 1,800 101 4,695

Truck ....................................................................... − − 2 15 16

State Total .................................................................. 2,794 − 1,880 115 4,789

Railroad ................................................................... 2,794 − 1,878 101 4,773

Truck ....................................................................... − − 2 15 16

See footnotes at end of table.

142 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: COLORADO

Colorado ..................................................................... 11,435 − 543 14 1 11,993

Railroad ................................................................... 7,019 − 354 − 7,373

Truck ....................................................................... 4,415 − 189 14 4,618

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 2

New Mexico................................................................ − − 11 − 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − 11 − 11

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... * − 18 − 18

Railroad ................................................................... − − 18 − 18

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Anthracite ................................................................ * − 18 − 18

Railroad ................................................................... − − 18 − 18

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Utah ............................................................................. −−− 3 3

Railroad ................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 3 3

Wyoming ..................................................................... 8,022 − 110 − 8,132

Railroad ................................................................... 8,022 − 49 − 8,071

Truck ....................................................................... − − 61 − 61

State Total .................................................................. 19,457 − 681 18 1 20,158

Railroad ................................................................... 15,042 − 431 * 15,473

Truck ....................................................................... 4,416 − 250 18 4,683

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 2

DESTINATION: CONNECTICUT

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 460 −−− 460

Railroad ................................................................... 40 −−− 40

Tidewater ................................................................ 420 −−− 420

Eastern ..................................................................... 460 −−− 460

Railroad ................................................................... 40 −−− 40

Tidewater ................................................................ 420 −−− 420

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 175 − 2 6 183

Railroad ................................................................... 175 − − * 175

Truck ....................................................................... − − 268

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 257

Railroad ................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 257

Bituminous .............................................................. 175 − − 1 176

Railroad ................................................................... 175 −−− 175

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 1 1

West Virginia Total................................................... 742 − − * 743

Tidewater ................................................................ 742 −−− 742

Truck ....................................................................... * − − * 1

Northern .................................................................. 667 −−− 667

Tidewater ................................................................ 666 −−− 666

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Southern .................................................................. 76 − − * 76

Tidewater ................................................................ 76 −−− 76

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Wyoming ..................................................................... 33 −−− 33

Railroad ................................................................... 33 −−− 33

State Total .................................................................. 1,410 − 2 6 1,418

Railroad ................................................................... 248 − − * 248

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,162 −−− 1,162

Truck ....................................................................... * − 268

DESTINATION: DELAWARE

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 92 −−− 92

Railroad ................................................................... 92 −−− 92

Eastern ..................................................................... 92 −−− 92

Railroad ................................................................... 92 −−− 92

Maryland .................................................................... 96 −−− 96

Railroad ................................................................... 96 −−− 96

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 143 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: DELAWARE (Continued)

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 1,181 − 35 1 1,217

Railroad ................................................................... 1,169 − 3 − 1,172

Truck ....................................................................... 12 − 7 1 19

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 25 − 25

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 7*7

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 7*7

Bituminous .............................................................. 1,181 − 28 1 1,210

Railroad ................................................................... 1,169 − 3 − 1,172

Truck ....................................................................... 12 − − 1 12

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 25 − 25

Virginia ....................................................................... 146 −−− 146

Railroad ................................................................... 146 −−− 146

West Virginia Total................................................... 820 − 63 6 889

Railroad ................................................................... 820 − 63 − 883

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 6 6

Northern .................................................................. 444 − 63 6 513

Railroad ................................................................... 444 − 63 − 507

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 6 6

Southern .................................................................. 376 −−− 376

Railroad ................................................................... 376 −−− 376

State Total .................................................................. 2,336 − 98 7 2,440

Railroad ................................................................... 2,324 − 66 − 2,390

Truck ....................................................................... 12 − 7 7 25

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 25 − 25

DESTINATION: DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 2 − − * 2

Truck ....................................................................... 2 − − * 2

Anthracite ................................................................ −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Bituminous .............................................................. 2 −−− 2

Truck ....................................................................... 2 −−− 2

West Virginia Total................................................... −−− 6 6

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 3 3

River ........................................................................ −−− 3 3

Southern .................................................................. −−− 6 6

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 3 3

River ........................................................................ −−− 3 3

State Total .................................................................. 2 − − 6 8

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 3 3

River ........................................................................ −−− 3 3

Truck ....................................................................... 2 − − * 2

DESTINATION: FLORIDA

Alabama ...................................................................... 24 −−− 24

River ........................................................................ 24 −−− 24

Illinois ......................................................................... 6,265 −−− 6,265

Railroad ................................................................... 1,330 −−− 1,330

River ........................................................................ 4,935 −−− 4,935

Indiana ........................................................................ 41 −−− 41

River ........................................................................ 41 −−− 41

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 15,162 − 990 6 16,157

Railroad ................................................................... 12,439 − 601 6 13,046

River ........................................................................ 1,793 − 390 − 2,183

Tidewater ................................................................ 890 −−− 890

Truck ....................................................................... 39 −−− 39

Eastern ..................................................................... 12,907 − 990 6 13,902

Railroad ................................................................... 11,736 − 601 6 12,342

River ........................................................................ 242 − 390 − 631

Tidewater ................................................................ 890 −−− 890

Truck ....................................................................... 39 −−− 39

See footnotes at end of table.

144 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: FLORIDA (Continued)

Western .................................................................... 2,255 −−− 2,255

Railroad ................................................................... 704 −−− 704

River ........................................................................ 1,551 −−− 1,551

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 213 − 4 − 218

Railroad ................................................................... 148 − 4 − 152

River ........................................................................ 65 −−− 65

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 4 − 4

Railroad ................................................................... − − 4 − 4

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Bituminous .............................................................. 213 −−− 213

Railroad ................................................................... 148 −−− 148

River ........................................................................ 65 −−− 65

Tennessee .................................................................... 209 −−− 209

Railroad ................................................................... 209 −−− 209

Virginia ....................................................................... 805 − 61 − 866

Railroad ................................................................... 805 − 61 − 866

West Virginia Total................................................... 2,233 −−− 2,233

Railroad ................................................................... 867 −−− 867

River ........................................................................ 119 −−− 119

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,171 −−− 1,171

Truck ....................................................................... 77 −−− 77

Northern .................................................................. 664 −−− 664

Railroad ................................................................... 631 −−− 631

Truck ....................................................................... 33 −−− 33

Southern .................................................................. 1,570 −−− 1,570

Railroad ................................................................... 236 −−− 236

River ........................................................................ 119 −−− 119

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,171 −−− 1,171

Truck ....................................................................... 44 −−− 44

Wyoming ..................................................................... 1,064 −−− 1,064

Railroad ................................................................... 1,064 −−− 1,064

State Total .................................................................. 26,017 − 1,056 6 27,078

Railroad ................................................................... 16,863 − 666 6 17,534

River ........................................................................ 6,978 − 390 − 7,367

Tidewater ................................................................ 2,061 −−− 2,061

Truck ....................................................................... 116 − * − 116

DESTINATION: GEORGIA

Alabama ...................................................................... 72 − 2 − 74

Railroad ................................................................... 72 −−− 72

Truck ....................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Illinois ......................................................................... 676 −−− 676

Railroad ................................................................... 676 −−− 676

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 15,441 − 1,066 − 16,507

Railroad ................................................................... 15,441 − 914 − 16,355

Truck ....................................................................... − − 152 − 152

Eastern ..................................................................... 15,441 − 1,066 − 16,507

Railroad ................................................................... 15,441 − 914 − 16,355

Truck ....................................................................... − − 152 − 152

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 2 − 2

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 2 − 2

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Tennessee .................................................................... 312 − 381 − 693

Railroad ................................................................... 312 − 358 − 670

Truck ....................................................................... − − 23 − 23

Virginia ....................................................................... 2,556 − 325 11 2,893

Railroad ................................................................... 2,556 − 325 11 2,893

West Virginia Total................................................... 4,782 −−− 4,782

Railroad ................................................................... 4,767 −−− 4,767

Truck ....................................................................... 15 −−− 15

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 145 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: GEORGIA (Continued)

Southern .................................................................. 4,782 −−− 4,782

Railroad ................................................................... 4,767 −−− 4,767

Truck ....................................................................... 15 −−− 15

Wyoming ..................................................................... 5,950 −−− 5,950

Railroad ................................................................... 5,950 −−− 5,950

State Total .................................................................. 29,789 − 1,776 11 31,576

Railroad ................................................................... 29,774 − 1,599 11 31,385

Truck ....................................................................... 15 − 176 − 191

DESTINATION: HAWAII

Utah ............................................................................. − − 34 − 34

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 34 − 34

State Total .................................................................. − − 34 − 34

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 34 − 34

DESTINATION: IDAHO

Utah ............................................................................. − − 66 55 121

Railroad ................................................................... − − 66 − 66

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 55 55

West Virginia Total................................................... 20 −−− 20

Railroad ................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Southern .................................................................. 20 −−− 20

Railroad ................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Wyoming ..................................................................... − − 389 2 392

Railroad ................................................................... − − 360 − 360

Truck ....................................................................... − − 29 2 31

State Total .................................................................. 20 − 455 58 533

Railroad ................................................................... 20 − 426 − 447

Truck ....................................................................... − − 29 58 87

DESTINATION: ILLINOIS

Alabama ...................................................................... − 71 − − 71

Railroad ................................................................... − 71 − − 71

Colorado ..................................................................... 2,234 − 199 − 2,433

Railroad ................................................................... 1,610 − 197 − 1,807

River ........................................................................ 625 − 1 − 626

Illinois ......................................................................... 13,763 − 2,675 215 16,652

Railroad ................................................................... 9,054 − 1,220 − 10,274

River ........................................................................ 520 − 19 29 568

Truck ....................................................................... 4,188 − 1,410 186 5,784

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 27 − 27

Indiana ........................................................................ 1,636 − 171 * 1,807

Railroad ................................................................... 1,597 − 144 − 1,741

Truck ....................................................................... 39 − 27 * 67

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 385 − 578 22 985

Railroad ................................................................... 385 − 102 − 487

River ........................................................................ − − 375 22 397

Truck ....................................................................... − − 101 * 101

Eastern ..................................................................... 219 − 420 22 661

Railroad ................................................................... 219 − 102 − 321

River ........................................................................ − − 217 22 238

Truck ....................................................................... − − 101 * 101

Western .................................................................... 166 − 158 − 324

Railroad ................................................................... 166 −−− 166

River ........................................................................ − − 158 − 158

Montana ...................................................................... 1,679 −−− 1,679

Railroad ................................................................... 1,679 −−− 1,679

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 60 * 61

Railroad ................................................................... − − 9 − 9

River ........................................................................ − − 50 − 50

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

See footnotes at end of table.

146 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: ILLINOIS (Continued)

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 10 * 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − 9 − 9

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

Bituminous .............................................................. − − 50 − 50

River ........................................................................ − − 50 − 50

Utah ............................................................................. 2,266 −−− 2,266

Railroad ................................................................... 2,266 −−− 2,266

Virginia ....................................................................... − 176 − − 176

Railroad ................................................................... − 176 − − 176

West Virginia Total................................................... 43 1,522 276 − 1,841

Railroad ................................................................... 43 826 90 − 960

River ........................................................................ − 378 186 − 565

Great Lakes............................................................. − 317 − − 317

Northern .................................................................. − − 88 − 88

River ........................................................................ − − 88 − 88

Southern .................................................................. 43 1,522 189 − 1,753

Railroad ................................................................... 43 826 90 − 960

River ........................................................................ − 378 98 − 477

Great Lakes............................................................. − 317 − − 317

Wyoming ..................................................................... 20,866 −−− 20,866

Railroad ................................................................... 13,656 −−− 13,656

River ........................................................................ 7,210 −−− 7,210

State Total .................................................................. 42,872 1,769 3,959 237 48,838

Railroad ................................................................... 30,290 1,074 1,762 − 33,127

River ........................................................................ 8,355 378 631 51 9,415

Great Lakes............................................................. − 317 − − 317

Truck ....................................................................... 4,227 − 1,539 187 5,953

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 27 − 27

DESTINATION: INDIANA

Alabama ...................................................................... − 58 − − 58

Railroad ................................................................... − 58 − − 58

Colorado ..................................................................... − 51 − − 51

Railroad ................................................................... − 51 − − 51

Illinois ......................................................................... 4,001 − 181 3 4,184

Railroad ................................................................... 3,791 −−− 3,791

River ........................................................................ 38 − 8 3 49

Truck ....................................................................... 172 − 173 − 344

Indiana ........................................................................ 30,294 − 2,246 332 32,872

Railroad ................................................................... 21,450 − 949 * 22,400

River ........................................................................ 117 − 283 − 400

Truck ....................................................................... 7,987 − 1,014 332 9,333

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 739 −−− 739

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 1,151 416 1,456 1 3,023

Railroad ................................................................... 105 416 778 − 1,299

River ........................................................................ 1,039 − 217 − 1,256

Truck ....................................................................... 7 − 460 1 468

Eastern ..................................................................... 881 416 1,456 1 2,753

Railroad ................................................................... − 416 778 − 1,194

River ........................................................................ 874 − 217 − 1,091

Truck ....................................................................... 7 − 460 1 468

Western .................................................................... 270 −−− 270

Railroad ................................................................... 105 −−− 105

River ........................................................................ 165 −−− 165

Montana ...................................................................... 126 −−− 126

Railroad ................................................................... 126 −−− 126

Ohio ............................................................................. 30 − 58 5 93

Railroad ................................................................... 26 −−− 26

Truck ....................................................................... 3 − 58 5 66

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 128 168 8 7 311

Railroad ................................................................... 85 168 * − 254

River ........................................................................ 36 −−− 36

Truck ....................................................................... 6 − 8 7 21

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 8 7 15

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 8 7 15

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 147 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: INDIANA (Continued)

Bituminous .............................................................. 128 168 − − 296

Railroad ................................................................... 85 168 − − 254

River ........................................................................ 36 −−− 36

Truck ....................................................................... 6 −−− 6

Virginia ....................................................................... 830 697 − − 1,526

Railroad ................................................................... − 664 − − 664

River ........................................................................ 830 32 − − 862

Truck ....................................................................... − * − − *

West Virginia Total................................................... 871 5,272 201 24 6,368

Railroad ................................................................... 454 4,790 174 24 5,441

River ........................................................................ 392 482 27 − 901

Truck ....................................................................... 26 −−− 26

Northern .................................................................. 485 −−− 485

Railroad ................................................................... 454 −−− 454

River ........................................................................ 6 −−− 6

Truck ....................................................................... 26 −−− 26

Southern .................................................................. 386 5,272 201 24 5,882

Railroad ................................................................... − 4,790 174 24 4,987

River ........................................................................ 386 482 27 − 895

Wyoming ..................................................................... 17,282 −−− 17,282

Railroad ................................................................... 8,010 −−− 8,010

River ........................................................................ 9,206 −−− 9,206

Great Lakes............................................................. 66 −−− 66

State Total .................................................................. 54,711 6,662 4,149 371 65,893

Railroad ................................................................... 34,048 6,147 1,902 24 42,121

River ........................................................................ 11,658 515 535 3 12,711

Great Lakes............................................................. 66 −−− 66

Truck ....................................................................... 8,201 * 1,712 344 10,257

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 739 −−− 739

DESTINATION: IOWA

Colorado ..................................................................... 471 − 124 − 595

Railroad ................................................................... 20 − 124 − 144

River ........................................................................ 451 −−− 451

Illinois ......................................................................... 241 − 699 10 949

Railroad ................................................................... − − 299 − 299

River ........................................................................ 241 − 219 10 469

Truck ....................................................................... − − 181 − 181

Indiana ........................................................................ 117 − 142 − 259

Railroad ................................................................... 117 − 142 − 259

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 387 − 194 156 738

Railroad ................................................................... 17 − 5 − 22

River ........................................................................ 371 − 189 156 716

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Eastern ..................................................................... 61 − 141 32 234

Railroad ................................................................... 17 − 5 − 22

River ........................................................................ 45 − 136 32 212

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Western .................................................................... 326 − 53 125 504

River ........................................................................ 326 − 53 125 504

Montana ...................................................................... 136 −−− 136

Railroad ................................................................... 136 −−− 136

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 249 26 275

Railroad ................................................................... − − 35 − 35

River ........................................................................ − − 214 26 240

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 35 * 35

Railroad ................................................................... − − 35 − 35

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Bituminous .............................................................. − − 214 26 240

River ........................................................................ − − 214 26 240

West Virginia Total................................................... 19 − 54 87 160

Railroad ................................................................... − − 25 − 25

River ........................................................................ 19 − 29 87 135

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

See footnotes at end of table.

148 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: IOWA (Continued)

Southern .................................................................. 19 − 54 87 160

Railroad ................................................................... − − 25 − 25

River ........................................................................ 19 − 29 87 135

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Wyoming ..................................................................... 19,904 − 786 − 20,690

Railroad ................................................................... 19,904 − 786 − 20,690

State Total .................................................................. 21,275 − 2,248 279 23,803

Railroad ................................................................... 20,194 − 1,416 − 21,610

River ........................................................................ 1,082 − 651 279 2,012

Truck ....................................................................... − − 181 * 181

DESTINATION: KANSAS

Colorado ..................................................................... 1,289 −−− 1,289

Railroad ................................................................... 1,289 −−− 1,289

Illinois ......................................................................... 41 −−− 41

Railroad ................................................................... 41 −−− 41

Kansas ......................................................................... 351 − 15 − 366

Truck ....................................................................... 351 − 15 − 366

Missouri ...................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Montana ...................................................................... 379 −−− 379

Railroad ................................................................... 379 −−− 379

Oklahoma ................................................................... 65 − 87 − 153

Truck ....................................................................... 65 − 87 − 153

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 1 − 1

Railroad ................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Railroad ................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Utah ............................................................................. −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Wyoming ..................................................................... 14,373 −−− 14,373

Railroad ................................................................... 14,373 −−− 14,373

State Total .................................................................. 16,497 − 104 * 16,601

Railroad ................................................................... 16,081 − 1 − 16,082

Truck ....................................................................... 416 − 103 * 520

DESTINATION: KENTUCKY

Colorado ..................................................................... 1,962 −−− 1,962

Railroad ................................................................... 1,952 −−− 1,952

River ........................................................................ 10 −−− 10

Illinois ......................................................................... 684 − − 2 686

Railroad ................................................................... 684 −−− 684

River ........................................................................ −−− 2 2

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Indiana ........................................................................ 1,084 − 8 − 1,093

River ........................................................................ 562 − 4 − 567

Truck ....................................................................... 522 − 4 − 526

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 28,192 428 896 165 1 29,690

Railroad ................................................................... 4,813 428 49 1 5,291

River ........................................................................ 12,090 − 179 − 12,269

Truck ....................................................................... 11,288 − 668 163 12,119

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 10

Eastern ..................................................................... 9,329 428 865 107 1 10,740

Railroad ................................................................... 2,222 428 49 1 2,700

River ........................................................................ 2,056 − 179 − 2,235

Truck ....................................................................... 5,052 − 637 106 5,795

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 10

Western .................................................................... 18,862 − 31 57 18,950

Railroad ................................................................... 2,591 −−− 2,591

River ........................................................................ 10,035 −−− 10,035

Truck ....................................................................... 6,237 − 31 57 6,325

Ohio ............................................................................. 848 −−− 848

River ........................................................................ 848 −−− 848

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 149 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: KENTUCKY (Continued)

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 196 − 23 * 218

Railroad ................................................................... 2 − 13 − 14

River ........................................................................ 194 −−− 194

Truck ....................................................................... − − 10 * 10

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 23 * 23

Railroad ................................................................... − − 13 − 13

Truck ....................................................................... − − 10 * 10

Bituminous .............................................................. 196 −−− 196

Railroad ................................................................... 2 −−− 2

River ........................................................................ 194 −−− 194

Tennessee .................................................................... −−− 7 7

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 7 7

Virginia ....................................................................... * − 2 − 3

River ........................................................................ * −−− *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 2 − 2

West Virginia Total................................................... 6,430 1,113 597 58 8,197

Railroad ................................................................... 1,028 1,113 42 9 2,192

River ........................................................................ 5,380 − 449 6 5,835

Truck ....................................................................... 22 − 105 43 170

Northern .................................................................. 1,206 −−− 1,206

Railroad ................................................................... 7 −−− 7

River ........................................................................ 1,199 −−− 1,199

Southern .................................................................. 5,224 1,113 597 58 6,991

Railroad ................................................................... 1,021 1,113 42 9 2,185

River ........................................................................ 4,181 − 449 6 4,636

Truck ....................................................................... 22 − 105 43 170

State Total .................................................................. 39,396 1,540 1,526 232 1 42,704

Railroad ................................................................... 8,479 1,540 104 11 10,134

River ........................................................................ 19,085 − 633 7 19,726

Truck ....................................................................... 11,832 − 789 214 12,834

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 10

DESTINATION: LOUISIANA

Illinois ......................................................................... 1,113 −−− 1,113

River ........................................................................ 1,113 −−− 1,113

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 661 − 11 − 672

River ........................................................................ 661 − 11 − 672

Eastern ..................................................................... − − 11 − 11

River ........................................................................ − − 11 − 11

Western .................................................................... 661 −−− 661

River ........................................................................ 661 −−− 661

Louisiana .................................................................... 3,331 −−− 3,331

Truck ....................................................................... 989 −−− 989

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,342 −−− 2,342

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 24 − 18 − 42

River ........................................................................ 24 − 18 − 42

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Bituminous .............................................................. 24 − 18 − 42

River ........................................................................ 24 − 18 − 42

Texas ........................................................................... 144 −−− 144

Truck ....................................................................... 144 −−− 144

West Virginia Total................................................... 128 −−− 128

River ........................................................................ 128 −−− 128

Northern .................................................................. 101 −−− 101

River ........................................................................ 101 −−− 101

Southern .................................................................. 27 −−− 27

River ........................................................................ 27 −−− 27

Wyoming ..................................................................... 10,346 −−− 10,346

Railroad ................................................................... 10,346 −−− 10,346

State Total .................................................................. 15,747 − 29 − 15,776

Railroad ................................................................... 10,346 −−− 10,346

River ........................................................................ 1,926 − 29 − 1,954

Truck ....................................................................... 1,133 − * − 1,133

See footnotes at end of table.

150 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: LOUISIANA (Continued)

State Total

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,342 −−− 2,342

DESTINATION: MAINE

Kentucky Total .......................................................... − − 249 − 249

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 249 − 249

Eastern ..................................................................... − − 194 − 194

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 194 − 194

Western .................................................................... − − 55 − 55

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 55 − 55

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 7 3 10

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7*7

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 3 3

Anthracite ................................................................ −−− 3 3

Railroad ................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 3 3

Bituminous .............................................................. − − 7 − 7

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7 − 7

State Total .................................................................. − − 255 3 258

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7*7

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 249 − 249

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 3 3

DESTINATION: MARYLAND

Arkansas ..................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 349 −−− 349

Railroad ................................................................... * −−− *

Tidewater ................................................................ 349 −−− 349

Eastern ..................................................................... 349 −−− 349

Railroad ................................................................... * −−− *

Tidewater ................................................................ 349 −−− 349

Maryland .................................................................... 698 − 209 2 909

Railroad ................................................................... 574 −−− 574

Truck ....................................................................... 124 − 209 2 335

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 2,825 − 186 21 3,032

Railroad ................................................................... 2,698 − − * 2,698

Truck ....................................................................... 127 − 186 21 334

Anthracite ................................................................ − − *22

Railroad ................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... − − *22

Bituminous .............................................................. 2,825 − 186 19 3,029

Railroad ................................................................... 2,698 −−− 2,698

Truck ....................................................................... 127 − 186 19 331

Virginia ....................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

West Virginia Total................................................... 6,562 − 290 30 6,881

Railroad ................................................................... 4,824 − 185 − 5,008

Tidewater ................................................................ 972 −−− 972

Truck ....................................................................... 766 − 105 30 901

Northern .................................................................. 3,845 − 271 30 4,146

Railroad ................................................................... 3,079 − 166 − 3,245

Truck ....................................................................... 766 − 105 30 901

Southern .................................................................. 2,716 − 19 − 2,735

Railroad ................................................................... 1,745 − 19 − 1,763

Tidewater ................................................................ 972 −−− 972

State Total .................................................................. 10,433 − 686 53 11,171

Railroad ................................................................... 8,096 − 185 * 8,280

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,320 −−− 1,320

Truck ....................................................................... 1,017 − 501 53 1,571

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 151 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: MASSACHUSETTS

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 227 − − 16 243

Railroad ................................................................... 189 − − 16 206

Tidewater ................................................................ 37 −−− 37

Eastern ..................................................................... 227 − − 16 243

Railroad ................................................................... 189 − − 16 206

Tidewater ................................................................ 37 −−− 37

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 66 − 8 10 84

Railroad ................................................................... 66 − − 1 66

Truck ....................................................................... − − 8 9 17

Anthracite ................................................................ −−− 10 10

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 1 1

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 9 9

Bituminous .............................................................. 66 − 8 * 74

Railroad ................................................................... 66 −−− 66

Truck ....................................................................... − − 8*8

Virginia ....................................................................... 1 −−− 1

Tidewater ................................................................ 1 −−− 1

West Virginia Total................................................... 2,222 − 248 − 2,470

Railroad ................................................................... 578 − 247 − 825

River ........................................................................ 6 −−− 6

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,639 −−− 1,639

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Northern .................................................................. 39 − 1 − 40

Railroad ................................................................... 33 −−− 33

River ........................................................................ 6 −−− 6

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Southern .................................................................. 2,183 − 247 − 2,430

Railroad ................................................................... 544 − 247 − 792

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,639 −−− 1,639

State Total .................................................................. 2,515 − 256 26 2,798

Railroad ................................................................... 832 − 247 17 1,097

River ........................................................................ 6 −−− 6

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,677 −−− 1,677

Truck ....................................................................... − − 9 9 18

DESTINATION: MICHIGAN

Colorado ..................................................................... 33 − 143 − 176

Great Lakes............................................................. 33 − 143 − 176

Indiana ........................................................................ 120 − 28 − 148

Great Lakes............................................................. 120 − 28 − 148

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 5,277 901 1,110 140 7,427

Railroad ................................................................... 4,881 567 404 140 5,991

Great Lakes............................................................. 371 334 693 − 1,398

Truck ....................................................................... 25 − 13 * 38

Eastern ..................................................................... 5,277 901 1,096 140 7,413

Railroad ................................................................... 4,881 567 390 140 5,977

Great Lakes............................................................. 371 334 693 − 1,398

Truck ....................................................................... 25 − 13 * 38

Western .................................................................... − − 14 − 14

Railroad ................................................................... − − 14 − 14

Montana ...................................................................... 9,610 − 251 − 9,861

Railroad ................................................................... 3,439 −−− 3,439

Great Lakes............................................................. 6,171 −−− 6,171

Truck ....................................................................... − − 251 − 251

Ohio ............................................................................. 71 − 226 4 302

Truck ....................................................................... 71 − 226 4 302

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 3,805 140 80 1 4,026

Railroad ................................................................... 3,677 − * − 3,677

Great Lakes............................................................. 128 140 80 − 348

Truck ....................................................................... − − *11

Anthracite ................................................................ − − *11

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − *11

Bituminous .............................................................. 3,805 140 80 − 4,025

Railroad ................................................................... 3,677 −−− 3,677

Great Lakes............................................................. 128 140 80 − 348

See footnotes at end of table.

152 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: MICHIGAN (Continued)

Virginia ....................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

West Virginia Total................................................... 4,630 839 384 − 5,854

Railroad ................................................................... 4,519 − 154 − 4,673

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Great Lakes............................................................. 111 839 227 − 1,177

Northern .................................................................. 615 − 89 − 704

Railroad ................................................................... 615 − 17 − 632

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 72 − 72

Southern .................................................................. 4,015 839 295 − 5,150

Railroad ................................................................... 3,905 − 137 − 4,041

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Great Lakes............................................................. 111 839 155 − 1,105

Wyoming ..................................................................... 11,936 −−− 11,936

Railroad ................................................................... 11,936 −−− 11,936

State Total .................................................................. 35,484 1,881 2,222 145 39,731

Railroad ................................................................... 28,453 567 558 140 29,717

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Great Lakes............................................................. 6,934 1,314 1,171 − 9,419

Truck ....................................................................... 96 − 490 5 592

DESTINATION: MINNESOTA

Illinois ......................................................................... 104 −−− 104

Railroad ................................................................... 87 −−− 87

River ........................................................................ 17 −−− 17

Indiana ........................................................................ 67 −−− 67

Railroad ................................................................... 67 −−− 67

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 9 − 74 11 93

Railroad ................................................................... 5 − 1 − 6

River ........................................................................ 4 − 55 11 70

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 17 − 17

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Eastern ..................................................................... 5 − 74 11 89

Railroad ................................................................... 5 − 1 − 6

River ........................................................................ − − 55 11 66

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 17 − 17

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Western .................................................................... 4 −−− 4

River ........................................................................ 4 −−− 4

Montana ...................................................................... 9,960 − 514 3 10,477

Railroad ................................................................... 9,931 − 343 3 10,276

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 171 − 171

Truck ....................................................................... 30 −−− 30

Ohio ............................................................................. −−− 14 14

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 14 14

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 7 − 7

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7 − 7

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 7 − 7

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7 − 7

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

West Virginia Total................................................... − − 104 12 116

River ........................................................................ − − 104 12 116

Southern .................................................................. − − 104 12 116

River ........................................................................ − − 104 12 116

Wyoming ..................................................................... 7,950 − 617 2 8,568

Railroad ................................................................... 7,422 − 202 2 7,626

Great Lakes............................................................. 490 − 415 − 904

Truck ....................................................................... 38 −−− 38

State Total .................................................................. 18,090 − 1,315 42 19,447

Railroad ................................................................... 17,512 − 553 5 18,070

River ........................................................................ 21 − 159 23 203

Great Lakes............................................................. 490 − 603 − 1,093

Truck ....................................................................... 67 − * 14 81

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 153 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: MISSISSIPPI

Alabama ...................................................................... − − 73 − 73

Truck ....................................................................... − − 73 − 73

Illinois ......................................................................... 1,458 − 80 − 1,538

River ........................................................................ 822 − 80 − 902

Tidewater ................................................................ 636 −−− 636

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 955 − 25 − 980

Railroad ................................................................... 952 −−− 952

River ........................................................................ 3 − 25 − 28

Eastern ..................................................................... 952 − 25 − 977

Railroad ................................................................... 952 −−− 952

River ........................................................................ − − 25 − 25

Western .................................................................... 3 −−− 3

River ........................................................................ 3 −−− 3

Montana ...................................................................... 2,833 −−− 2,833

Railroad ................................................................... 2,833 −−− 2,833

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Virginia ....................................................................... − − 18 − 18

Railroad ................................................................... − − 18 − 18

West Virginia Total................................................... − − 38 − 38

Railroad ................................................................... − − 22 − 22

River ........................................................................ − − 17 − 17

Southern .................................................................. − − 38 − 38

Railroad ................................................................... − − 22 − 22

River ........................................................................ − − 17 − 17

Wyoming ..................................................................... 468 −−− 468

Tidewater ................................................................ 468 −−− 468

State Total .................................................................. 5,715 − 234 − 5,949

Railroad ................................................................... 3,786 − 40 − 3,825

River ........................................................................ 825 − 121 − 946

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,104 −−− 1,104

Truck ....................................................................... − − 73 − 73

DESTINATION: MISSOURI

Arkansas ..................................................................... − − 19 − 19

Truck ....................................................................... − − 19 − 19

Colorado ..................................................................... 14 −−− 14

Railroad ................................................................... 14 −−− 14

Illinois ......................................................................... 1,892 − 626 156 2,674

Railroad ................................................................... 1,471 −−− 1,471

River ........................................................................ 341 − 35 − 376

Truck ....................................................................... 80 − 591 156 826

Indiana ........................................................................ 148 − 4 − 152

River ........................................................................ 148 −−− 148

Truck ....................................................................... − − 4 − 4

Kansas ......................................................................... 73 − 1 − 74

Truck ....................................................................... 73 − 1 − 74

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 336 − 45 * 381

Railroad ................................................................... 109 −−− 109

River ........................................................................ 227 − 45 − 272

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Eastern ..................................................................... 125 − 45 * 170

Railroad ................................................................... 109 −−− 109

River ........................................................................ 16 − 45 − 61

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Western .................................................................... 211 −−− 211

River ........................................................................ 211 −−− 211

Missouri ...................................................................... 225 − 55 * 281

Truck ....................................................................... 225 − 55 * 281

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − ***

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

See footnotes at end of table.

154 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: MISSOURI (Continued)

Anthracite ................................................................ − − ***

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Utah ............................................................................. −−− 10 10

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 10 10

West Virginia Total................................................... 34 − 23 − 57

River ........................................................................ 34 − 23 − 57

Northern .................................................................. 34 −−− 34

River ........................................................................ 34 −−− 34

Southern .................................................................. − − 23 − 23

River ........................................................................ − − 23 − 23

Wyoming ..................................................................... 38,358 −−− 38,358

Railroad ................................................................... 38,358 −−− 38,358

State Total .................................................................. 41,081 − 773 166 42,019

Railroad ................................................................... 39,952 − * 10 39,963

River ........................................................................ 750 − 103 − 853

Truck ....................................................................... 378 − 669 156 1,203

DESTINATION: MONTANA

Colorado ..................................................................... 6 −−− 6

Railroad ................................................................... 6 −−− 6

Montana ...................................................................... 10,192 − 164 4 10,360

Truck ....................................................................... 345 − 1 4 349

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 9,848 − 163 − 10,011

Utah ............................................................................. − − 3*3

Truck ....................................................................... − − 3*3

Wyoming ..................................................................... 396 − 61 * 457

Railroad ................................................................... 396 − 61 − 456

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

State Total .................................................................. 10,594 − 227 4 10,825

Railroad ................................................................... 401 − 61 − 462

Truck ....................................................................... 345 − 4 4 353

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 9,848 − 163 − 10,011

DESTINATION: NEBRASKA

Colorado ..................................................................... 6 − 91 − 97

Railroad ................................................................... 6 − 91 − 97

Montana ...................................................................... − − 81 − 81

Railroad ................................................................... − − 81 − 81

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 11 − 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − 11 − 11

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 11 − 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − 11 − 11

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

West Virginia Total................................................... 5 −−− 5

Railroad ................................................................... 5 −−− 5

Southern .................................................................. 5 −−− 5

Railroad ................................................................... 5 −−− 5

Wyoming ..................................................................... 11,537 − 124 * 11,661

Railroad ................................................................... 11,537 − 124 − 11,661

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

State Total .................................................................. 11,548 − 307 * 11,855

Railroad ................................................................... 11,548 − 307 − 11,855

Truck ....................................................................... − − ***

DESTINATION: NEVADA

Arizona ....................................................................... 4,489 −−− 4,489

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,489 −−− 4,489

Colorado ..................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Railroad ................................................................... 20 −−− 20

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 155 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: NEVADA (Continued)

Utah ............................................................................. 2,961 − 470 1 3,431

Railroad ................................................................... 2,948 − 78 − 3,026

Truck ....................................................................... − − 392 1 393

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 12 −−− 12

West Virginia Total................................................... − − 36 − 36

River ........................................................................ − − 36 − 36

Southern .................................................................. − − 36 − 36

River ........................................................................ − − 36 − 36

State Total .................................................................. 7,470 − 505 1 7,976

Railroad ................................................................... 2,968 − 78 − 3,046

River ........................................................................ − − 36 − 36

Truck ....................................................................... − − 392 1 393

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,501 −−− 4,501

DESTINATION: NEW HAMPSHIRE

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 777 − 2 4 783

Railroad ................................................................... 762 − * * 762

Tidewater ................................................................ 15 −−− 15

Truck ....................................................................... − − 246

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 235

Railroad ................................................................... − − ***

Truck ....................................................................... − − 235

Bituminous .............................................................. 777 − − 1 778

Railroad ................................................................... 762 −−− 762

Tidewater ................................................................ 15 −−− 15

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 1 1

West Virginia Total................................................... 216 −−− 216

Railroad ................................................................... 216 −−− 216

Northern .................................................................. 208 −−− 208

Railroad ................................................................... 208 −−− 208

Southern .................................................................. 8 −−− 8

Railroad ................................................................... 8 −−− 8

State Total .................................................................. 993 − 2 4 1,000

Railroad ................................................................... 979 − * * 979

Tidewater ................................................................ 15 −−− 15

Truck ....................................................................... − − 246

DESTINATION: NEW JERSEY

Kentucky Total .......................................................... − − 26 − 26

Truck ....................................................................... − − 26 − 26

Western .................................................................... − − 26 − 26

Truck ....................................................................... − − 26 − 26

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 534 − 10 5 549

Railroad ................................................................... 534 − * * 534

Truck ....................................................................... * − 10 5 14

Anthracite ................................................................ * − 10 5 14

Railroad ................................................................... − − ***

Truck ....................................................................... * − 10 5 14

Bituminous .............................................................. 534 −−− 534

Railroad ................................................................... 534 −−− 534

Virginia ....................................................................... 700 − * − 700

Tidewater ................................................................ 700 −−− 700

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

West Virginia Total................................................... 1,677 −−− 1,677

Railroad ................................................................... 980 −−− 980

River ........................................................................ 95 −−− 95

Tidewater ................................................................ 602 −−− 602

Northern .................................................................. 1,463 −−− 1,463

Railroad ................................................................... 940 −−− 940

River ........................................................................ 70 −−− 70

Tidewater ................................................................ 454 −−− 454

Southern .................................................................. 214 −−− 214

Railroad ................................................................... 40 −−− 40

River ........................................................................ 25 −−− 25

Tidewater ................................................................ 148 −−− 148

See footnotes at end of table.

156 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: NEW JERSEY (Continued)

State Total .................................................................. 2,911 − 36 5 2,952

Railroad ................................................................... 1,514 − * * 1,514

River ........................................................................ 95 −−− 95

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,302 −−− 1,302

Truck ....................................................................... * − 36 5 41

DESTINATION: NEW MEXICO

Colorado ..................................................................... 57 − 73 * 131

Truck ....................................................................... 57 − 73 * 131

New Mexico................................................................ 15,811 − − 9 1 15,819

Railroad ................................................................... 9,062 −−− 9,062

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 9 9

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 6,749 −−− 6,749

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 0

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

State Total .................................................................. 15,867 − 73 9 1 15,950

Railroad ................................................................... 9,062 −−− 9,062

Truck ....................................................................... 57 − 73 9 139

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 6,749 −−− 6,749

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 0

DESTINATION: NEW YORK

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 1,133 609 29 47 1,818

Railroad ................................................................... 1,068 609 27 5 1,709

River ........................................................................ − − 2 − 2

Great Lakes............................................................. 65 −−− 65

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 43 43

Eastern ..................................................................... 1,133 609 29 47 1,818

Railroad ................................................................... 1,068 609 27 5 1,709

River ........................................................................ − − 2 − 2

Great Lakes............................................................. 65 −−− 65

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 43 43

Ohio ............................................................................. 5 − 3 4 12

Railroad ................................................................... 5 − − 4 9

Truck ....................................................................... * − 3 − 4

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 4,478 4 525 91 5,098

Railroad ................................................................... 3,577 − 344 2 3,923

River ........................................................................ − − 45 2 46

Great Lakes............................................................. 555 −−− 555

Truck ....................................................................... 345 4 136 88 573

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 45 47 92

Railroad ................................................................... − − 14 2 15

Truck ....................................................................... − − 32 45 77

Bituminous .............................................................. 4,478 4 479 44 5,006

Railroad ................................................................... 3,577 − 330 − 3,908

River ........................................................................ − − 45 2 46

Great Lakes............................................................. 555 −−− 555

Truck ....................................................................... 345 4 104 43 496

Virginia ....................................................................... − 4 − − 4

Railroad ................................................................... − 4 − − 4

West Virginia Total................................................... 4,200 660 630 5 5,495

Railroad ................................................................... 3,821 660 395 − 4,876

River ........................................................................ − − 234 5 239

Great Lakes............................................................. 50 −−− 50

Tidewater ................................................................ 330 −−− 330

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 1 1

Northern .................................................................. 3,632 − 386 1 4,018

Railroad ................................................................... 3,631 − 386 − 4,017

Great Lakes............................................................. 1 −−− 1

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 1 1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 157 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: NEW YORK (Continued)

Southern .................................................................. 569 660 244 5 1,477

Railroad ................................................................... 190 660 9 − 859

River ........................................................................ − − 234 5 239

Great Lakes............................................................. 49 −−− 49

Tidewater ................................................................ 330 −−− 330

State Total .................................................................. 9,816 1,277 1,187 147 12,427

Railroad ................................................................... 8,471 1,273 767 10 10,521

River ........................................................................ − − 281 6 287

Great Lakes............................................................. 670 −−− 670

Tidewater ................................................................ 330 −−− 330

Truck ....................................................................... 345 4 139 131 619

DESTINATION: NORTH CAROLINA

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 15,716 − 1,372 91 17,179

Railroad ................................................................... 15,628 − 1,128 90 16,847

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Truck ....................................................................... 89 − 243 * 332

Eastern ..................................................................... 15,716 − 1,372 91 17,179

Railroad ................................................................... 15,628 − 1,128 90 16,847

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Truck ....................................................................... 89 − 243 * 332

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 1 − 1

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1 − 1

Tennessee .................................................................... − − 22 * 22

Railroad ................................................................... − − 22 − 22

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Virginia ....................................................................... 294 − 415 26 735

Railroad ................................................................... 257 − 387 26 670

Truck ....................................................................... 37 − 28 * 65

West Virginia Total................................................... 9,507 − 189 84 9,780

Railroad ................................................................... 9,329 − 184 84 9,597

Tidewater ................................................................ 178 −−− 178

Truck ....................................................................... − − 5 − 5

Southern .................................................................. 9,507 − 189 84 9,780

Railroad ................................................................... 9,329 − 184 84 9,597

Tidewater ................................................................ 178 −−− 178

Truck ....................................................................... − − 5 − 5

State Total .................................................................. 25,518 − 1,999 200 27,717

Railroad ................................................................... 25,214 − 1,721 200 27,135

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Tidewater ................................................................ 178 −−− 178

Truck ....................................................................... 126 − 276 1 403

DESTINATION: NORTH DAKOTA

Illinois ......................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Montana ...................................................................... 172 − 288 57 517

Railroad ................................................................... 172 − 288 57 517

North Dakota ............................................................. 24,296 − 6,200 61 30,557

Railroad ................................................................... 425 −−− 425

Truck ....................................................................... 4,202 − − 61 4,263

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 19,669 − 6,200 − 25,869

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Wyoming ..................................................................... 65 −−− 65

Railroad ................................................................... 65 −−− 65

See footnotes at end of table.

158 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: NORTH DAKOTA (Continued)

State Total .................................................................. 24,533 − 6,488 118 31,139

Railroad ................................................................... 662 − 288 57 1,007

Truck ....................................................................... 4,202 − * 61 4,263

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 19,669 − 6,200 − 25,869

DESTINATION: OHIO

Illinois ......................................................................... 2 −−− 2

River ........................................................................ 2 −−− 2

Indiana ........................................................................ 7 −−− 7

River ........................................................................ 7 −−− 7

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 7,799 288 873 116 9,074

Railroad ................................................................... 911 288 320 − 1,519

River ........................................................................ 5,726 − 141 43 5,909

Great Lakes............................................................. 835 − 38 − 872

Truck ....................................................................... 327 − 374 73 774

Eastern ..................................................................... 7,799 288 873 116 9,074

Railroad ................................................................... 911 288 320 − 1,519

River ........................................................................ 5,726 − 141 43 5,909

Great Lakes............................................................. 835 − 38 − 872

Truck ....................................................................... 327 − 374 73 774

Ohio ............................................................................. 21,824 − 1,170 96 23,091

Railroad ................................................................... 1,246 −−− 1,246

River ........................................................................ 4,403 −−− 4,403

Truck ....................................................................... 8,319 − 1,168 96 9,584

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 7,856 − 2 − 7,858

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 5,736 10 284 3 6,033

Railroad ................................................................... 2,040 − * − 2,041

River ........................................................................ 3,528 9 91 − 3,627

Great Lakes............................................................. 133 − 111 − 244

Truck ....................................................................... 34 1 82 3 120

Anthracite ................................................................ − 1 7 3 11

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − 1 7 3 11

Bituminous .............................................................. 5,736 9 277 − 6,021

Railroad ................................................................... 2,040 −−− 2,040

River ........................................................................ 3,528 9 91 − 3,627

Great Lakes............................................................. 133 − 111 − 244

Truck ....................................................................... 34 − 75 − 109

Virginia ....................................................................... 577 164 119 − 861

Railroad ................................................................... − 164 119 − 283

River ........................................................................ 577 −−− 577

West Virginia Total................................................... 20,206 1,005 757 176 22,144

Railroad ................................................................... 3,032 851 188 − 4,071

River ........................................................................ 17,091 − 91 170 17,352

Great Lakes............................................................. − 154 149 − 303

Truck ....................................................................... 83 − 330 5 418

Northern .................................................................. 4,630 −−− 4,630

Railroad ................................................................... 2,139 −−− 2,139

River ........................................................................ 2,481 −−− 2,481

Truck ....................................................................... 9 −−− 9

Southern .................................................................. 15,576 1,005 757 176 17,514

Railroad ................................................................... 892 851 188 − 1,931

River ........................................................................ 14,610 − 91 170 14,871

Great Lakes............................................................. − 154 149 − 303

Truck ....................................................................... 73 − 330 5 409

Wyoming ..................................................................... 2,435 −−− 2,435

Railroad ................................................................... 2,414 −−− 2,414

River ........................................................................ 21 −−− 21

State Total .................................................................. 58,585 1,467 3,203 391 63,646

Railroad ................................................................... 9,643 1,302 628 − 11,574

River ........................................................................ 31,355 9 322 213 31,899

Great Lakes............................................................. 968 154 298 − 1,420

Truck ....................................................................... 8,762 1 1,954 178 10,895

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 7,856 − 2 − 7,858

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 159 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: OKLAHOMA

Indiana ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Kentucky Total .......................................................... − − 27 − 27

River ........................................................................ − − 27 − 27

Eastern ..................................................................... − − 27 − 27

River ........................................................................ − − 27 − 27

New Mexico................................................................ − − 119 − 119

Railroad ................................................................... − − 119 − 119

Oklahoma ................................................................... 1,234 − 176 1 1,411

Truck ....................................................................... 1,234 − 176 1 1,411

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Virginia ....................................................................... − − 19 − 19

River ........................................................................ − − 19 − 19

West Virginia Total................................................... − − 121 − 121

Railroad ................................................................... − − 32 − 32

River ........................................................................ − − 89 − 89

Southern .................................................................. − − 121 − 121

Railroad ................................................................... − − 32 − 32

River ........................................................................ − − 89 − 89

Wyoming ..................................................................... 19,254 − 4 − 19,258

Railroad ................................................................... 19,254 − 4 − 19,258

State Total .................................................................. 20,489 − 468 1 20,957

Railroad ................................................................... 19,254 − 156 − 19,410

River ........................................................................ − − 136 − 136

Truck ....................................................................... 1,234 − 176 1 1,411

DESTINATION: OREGON

Kentucky Total .......................................................... − − 14 − 14

Railroad ................................................................... − − 14 − 14

Eastern ..................................................................... − − 14 − 14

Railroad ................................................................... − − 14 − 14

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 15 − 15

Railroad ................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 15 − 15

Railroad ................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Utah ............................................................................. − − **1

Truck ....................................................................... − − **1

Wyoming ..................................................................... 2,004 − 58 − 2,062

Railroad ................................................................... 2,004 − 58 − 2,062

State Total .................................................................. 2,004 − 88 * 2,092

Railroad ................................................................... 2,004 − 88 − 2,091

Truck ....................................................................... − − **1

DESTINATION: PENNSYLVANIA

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 40 312 363 51 766

Railroad ................................................................... 17 46 37 42 141

River ........................................................................ − 257 254 − 511

Truck ....................................................................... 23 10 71 9 114

Eastern ..................................................................... 40 312 363 51 766

Railroad ................................................................... 17 46 37 42 141

River ........................................................................ − 257 254 − 511

Truck ....................................................................... 23 10 71 9 114

Maryland .................................................................... 16 −−− 16

Truck ....................................................................... 16 −−− 16

Ohio ............................................................................. 270 − 175 − 445

River ........................................................................ 129 −−− 129

Truck ....................................................................... 141 − 175 − 316

See footnotes at end of table.

160 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: PENNSYLVANIA (Continued)

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 37,042 1,607 2,487 777 1 41,917

Railroad ................................................................... 11,267 − 100 11 11,378

River ........................................................................ 3,829 1,607 36 12 5,484

Truck ....................................................................... 17,093 − 2,290 754 20,137

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,853 − 62 − 4,915

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 3

Anthracite ................................................................ 2,977 − 393 607 1 3,980

Railroad ................................................................... 77 − 36 11 124

Truck ....................................................................... 2,900 − 357 596 3,853

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 2

Bituminous .............................................................. 34,065 1,607 2,094 170 1 37,937

Railroad ................................................................... 11,190 − 64 − 11,254

River ........................................................................ 3,829 1,607 36 12 5,484

Truck ....................................................................... 14,193 − 1,932 159 16,284

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,853 − 62 − 4,915

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 1

Utah ............................................................................. * −−− *

Truck ....................................................................... * −−− *

Virginia ....................................................................... * 195 8 * 204

Railroad ................................................................... − 152 8 − 159

River ........................................................................ * 44 − − 44

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

West Virginia Total................................................... 8,970 5,581 1,670 12 16,234

Railroad ................................................................... 1,709 908 880 − 3,497

River ........................................................................ 6,957 4,673 694 − 12,324

Tidewater ................................................................ 12 −−− 12

Truck ....................................................................... 285 − 97 12 394

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 8 −−− 8

Northern .................................................................. 8,570 − 342 6 8,918

Railroad ................................................................... 1,679 − 250 − 1,929

River ........................................................................ 6,845 −−− 6,845

Truck ....................................................................... 46 − 92 6 144

Southern .................................................................. 400 5,581 1,328 6 7,315

Railroad ................................................................... 30 908 630 − 1,568

River ........................................................................ 111 4,673 694 − 5,478

Tidewater ................................................................ 12 −−− 12

Truck ....................................................................... 239 − 4 6 249

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 8 −−− 8

State Total .................................................................. 46,338 7,696 4,703 841 1 59,582

Railroad ................................................................... 12,992 1,105 1,025 53 15,175

River ........................................................................ 10,914 6,581 984 12 18,492

Tidewater ................................................................ 12 −−− 12

Truck ....................................................................... 17,558 10 2,633 776 20,978

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,861 − 62 − 4,923

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 3

DESTINATION: RHODE ISLAND

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − *22

Truck ....................................................................... − − *22

Anthracite ................................................................ − − *22

Truck ....................................................................... − − *22

State Total .................................................................. − − *22

Truck ....................................................................... − − *22

DESTINATION: SOUTH CAROLINA

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 11,423 − 1,627 9 13,060

Railroad ................................................................... 11,423 − 1,583 9 13,015

Truck ....................................................................... − − 44 * 44

Eastern ..................................................................... 11,423 − 1,627 9 13,060

Railroad ................................................................... 11,423 − 1,583 9 13,015

Truck ....................................................................... − − 44 * 44

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − 54 * 54

Railroad ................................................................... − − 53 − 53

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 161 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: SOUTH CAROLINA (Continued)

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 54 * 54

Railroad ................................................................... − − 53 − 53

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

Tennessee .................................................................... 381 −−− 381

Railroad ................................................................... 381 −−− 381

Virginia ....................................................................... 1,071 − 270 * 1,342

Railroad ................................................................... 1,071 − 270 − 1,341

Truck ....................................................................... − − **1

West Virginia Total................................................... 711 − 91 13 815

Railroad ................................................................... 711 − 91 13 815

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Southern .................................................................. 711 − 91 13 815

Railroad ................................................................... 711 − 91 13 815

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

State Total .................................................................. 13,586 − 2,042 23 15,651

Railroad ................................................................... 13,586 − 1,997 22 15,605

Truck ....................................................................... − − 45 1 46

DESTINATION: SOUTH DAKOTA

Kentucky Total .......................................................... − − 7 − 7

River ........................................................................ − − 7 − 7

Eastern ..................................................................... − − 7 − 7

River ........................................................................ − − 7 − 7

Montana ...................................................................... 1,698 −−− 1,698

Railroad ................................................................... 1,698 −−− 1,698

Wyoming ..................................................................... 151 − 278 * 430

Truck ....................................................................... 151 − 278 * 430

State Total .................................................................. 1,850 − 285 * 2,135

Railroad ................................................................... 1,698 −−− 1,698

River ........................................................................ − − 7 − 7

Truck ....................................................................... 151 − 278 * 430

DESTINATION: TENNESSEE

Colorado ..................................................................... 2,064 −−− 2,064

Railroad ................................................................... 2,064 −−− 2,064

Illinois ......................................................................... 2,757 − * 6 2,762

Railroad ................................................................... 331 −−− 331

River ........................................................................ 2,425 − * 6 2,431

Indiana ........................................................................ 47 −−− 47

River ........................................................................ 47 −−− 47

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 13,244 − 2,093 18 15,355

Railroad ................................................................... 8,862 − 1,195 12 10,069

River ........................................................................ 1,923 − 225 − 2,148

Truck ....................................................................... 2,459 − 674 6 3,139

Eastern ..................................................................... 7,338 − 1,999 18 9,355

Railroad ................................................................... 6,303 − 1,195 12 7,510

River ........................................................................ 719 − 136 − 856

Truck ....................................................................... 315 − 668 6 989

Western .................................................................... 5,907 − 94 − 6,000

Railroad ................................................................... 2,559 −−− 2,559

River ........................................................................ 1,204 − 88 − 1,292

Truck ....................................................................... 2,144 − 6 − 2,150

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 684 − 16 − 701

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

River ........................................................................ 684 − 5 − 689

Truck ....................................................................... − − 12 − 12

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 16 − 16

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

River ........................................................................ − − 5 − 5

Truck ....................................................................... − − 12 − 12

Bituminous .............................................................. 684 −−− 684

River ........................................................................ 684 −−− 684

See footnotes at end of table.

162 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: TENNESSEE (Continued)

Tennessee .................................................................... 1,160 − 261 1 1,422

Railroad ................................................................... 377 − 157 − 534

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Truck ....................................................................... 783 − 101 1 885

Utah ............................................................................. 996 −−− 996

Railroad ................................................................... 343 −−− 343

River ........................................................................ 654 −−− 654

Virginia ....................................................................... 1,601 − 659 * 2,260

Railroad ................................................................... 1,601 − 616 − 2,217

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Truck ....................................................................... − − 41 * 42

West Virginia Total................................................... 223 − 155 − 378

Railroad ................................................................... 7 − 1 − 8

River ........................................................................ 216 − 148 − 364

Truck ....................................................................... − − 6 − 6

Southern .................................................................. 223 − 155 − 378

Railroad ................................................................... 7 − 1 − 8

River ........................................................................ 216 − 148 − 364

Truck ....................................................................... − − 6 − 6

Wyoming ..................................................................... 3,615 − 135 − 3,750

Railroad ................................................................... 3,615 − 135 − 3,750

State Total .................................................................. 26,392 − 3,319 25 29,735

Railroad ................................................................... 17,201 − 2,103 12 19,316

River ........................................................................ 5,949 − 382 6 6,336

Truck ....................................................................... 3,242 − 834 7 4,083

DESTINATION: TEXAS

Arkansas ..................................................................... − − 3 − 3

Truck ....................................................................... − − 3 − 3

Colorado ..................................................................... 3,189 − 120 − 3,309

Railroad ................................................................... 3,189 − 120 − 3,309

New Mexico................................................................ − − 472 − 472

Railroad ................................................................... − − 472 − 472

Oklahoma ................................................................... − − 88 − 88

Railroad ................................................................... − − 88 − 88

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... * − 7*7

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Truck ....................................................................... * − 2*2

Anthracite ................................................................ * − 7 − 7

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 − 2

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Truck ....................................................................... * − 2 − 2

Bituminous .............................................................. −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Texas ........................................................................... 49,834 − 2,935 − 52,769

Railroad ................................................................... 23,300 − 42 − 23,342

Truck ....................................................................... 13,916 − 424 − 14,340

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 12,618 − 2,469 − 15,087

Virginia ....................................................................... − − 7 14 21

Railroad ................................................................... − − 7 14 21

West Virginia Total................................................... 1 −−− 1

River ........................................................................ 1 −−− 1

Northern .................................................................. 1 −−− 1

River ........................................................................ 1 −−− 1

Wyoming ..................................................................... 44,893 − 196 − 45,089

Railroad ................................................................... 44,893 − 196 − 45,089

State Total .................................................................. 97,915 − 3,829 14 101,759

Railroad ................................................................... 71,381 − 928 14 72,323

River ........................................................................ 1 − 3 − 4

Truck ....................................................................... 13,916 − 429 * 14,345

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 12,618 − 2,469 − 15,087

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 163 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: UTAH

Colorado ..................................................................... 1,797 441 − − 2,238

Railroad ................................................................... 1,797 441 − − 2,238

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − 153 * − 153

Railroad ................................................................... − 153 * − 153

Anthracite ................................................................ − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Bituminous .............................................................. − 153 − − 153

Railroad ................................................................... − 153 − − 153

Utah ............................................................................. 11,576 3 838 113 12,531

Railroad ................................................................... 3,839 −−− 3,839

Truck ....................................................................... 4,382 3 838 113 5,337

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 3,355 −−− 3,355

Virginia ....................................................................... − 27 − − 27

Railroad ................................................................... − 27 − − 27

West Virginia Total................................................... − 115 10 − 125

Railroad ................................................................... − 115 10 − 125

Southern .................................................................. − 115 10 − 125

Railroad ................................................................... − 115 10 − 125

Wyoming ..................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

State Total .................................................................. 13,373 740 848 113 15,074

Railroad ................................................................... 5,636 736 10 − 6,382

Truck ....................................................................... 4,382 3 838 113 5,337

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 3,355 −−− 3,355

DESTINATION: VERMONT

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... −−− 2 2

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 2 2

Anthracite ................................................................ −−− 2 2

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 2 2

West Virginia Total................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Southern .................................................................. − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

State Total .................................................................. − − *22

Truck ....................................................................... − − *22

DESTINATION: VIRGINIA

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 5,590 − 724 85 6,400

Railroad ................................................................... 5,565 − 711 55 6,331

Truck ....................................................................... 25 − 13 30 68

Eastern ..................................................................... 4,526 − 724 85 5,336

Railroad ................................................................... 4,501 − 711 55 5,267

Truck ....................................................................... 25 − 13 30 68

Western .................................................................... 1,064 − − * 1,064

Railroad ................................................................... 1,064 −−− 1,064

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Maryland .................................................................... 38 − 2 − 40

Truck ....................................................................... 38 − 2 − 40

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 381 − 23 1 405

Railroad ................................................................... 80 − * − 80

Truck ....................................................................... 301 − 23 1 325

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 213

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 213

Bituminous .............................................................. 381 − 21 * 402

Railroad ................................................................... 80 −−− 80

Truck ....................................................................... 301 − 21 * 322

Virginia ....................................................................... 5,960 942 524 24 1 7,602

Railroad ................................................................... 4,423 − 484 10 4,917

Truck ....................................................................... 1,537 − 20 14 1,571

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − 942 21 − 963

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 152

See footnotes at end of table.

164 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: VIRGINIA (Continued)

West Virginia Total................................................... 3,864 76 1,289 61 5,291

Railroad ................................................................... 3,188 1 1,184 47 4,419

Truck ....................................................................... 676 − 106 14 796

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − 75 − − 75

Northern .................................................................. 738 − * − 738

Railroad ................................................................... 62 −−− 62

Truck ....................................................................... 676 − * − 677

Southern .................................................................. 3,126 76 1,289 61 4,552

Railroad ................................................................... 3,126 1 1,184 47 4,357

Truck ....................................................................... * − 105 14 120

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − 75 − − 75

Wyoming ..................................................................... 55 −−− 55

Railroad ................................................................... 55 −−− 55

State Total .................................................................. 15,888 1,018 2,563 172 1 19,792

Railroad ................................................................... 13,311 1 2,378 112 15,802

Truck ....................................................................... 2,577 − 164 60 2,801

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − 1,017 21 − 1,038

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 152

DESTINATION: WASHINGTON

Colorado ..................................................................... 4 − 3 − 7

Railroad ................................................................... 4 − 3 − 7

Montana ...................................................................... 1,503 −−− 1,503

Railroad ................................................................... 1,503 −−− 1,503

Utah ............................................................................. − − 79 13 92

Railroad ................................................................... − − 71 12 84

Truck ....................................................................... − − 718

Washington ................................................................. 4,622 −−− 4,622

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,622 −−− 4,622

Wyoming ..................................................................... −−− 1 1

Railroad ................................................................... −−− 1 1

State Total .................................................................. 6,129 − 81 14 6,224

Railroad ................................................................... 1,507 − 74 13 1,594

Truck ....................................................................... − − 718

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,622 −−− 4,622

DESTINATION: WEST VIRGINIA

Illinois ......................................................................... −−− * *

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 6 33 330 1 370

Railroad ................................................................... 3 33 44 − 80

River ........................................................................ 4 − 4 − 8

Truck ....................................................................... − − 282 1 283

Eastern ..................................................................... 6 33 330 1 370

Railroad ................................................................... 3 33 44 − 80

River ........................................................................ 4 − 4 − 8

Truck ....................................................................... − − 282 1 283

Maryland .................................................................... 2,977 − 1 − 2,978

Truck ....................................................................... 2,977 − 1 − 2,978

Ohio ............................................................................. 1,669 − * − 1,670

River ........................................................................ 1,669 −−− 1,669

Truck ....................................................................... − − * − *

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 4,219 − 473 1 4,693

Railroad ................................................................... 85 − * − 85

River ........................................................................ 3,348 − 410 − 3,758

Truck ....................................................................... 135 − 43 1 179

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 651 − 20 − 671

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 42 1 42

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... − − 42 1 42

Bituminous .............................................................. 4,219 − 431 * 4,651

Railroad ................................................................... 85 −−− 85

River ........................................................................ 3,348 − 410 − 3,758

Truck ....................................................................... 135 − 1 * 137

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 651 − 20 − 671

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 165 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: WEST VIRGINIA (Continued)

Virginia ....................................................................... 22 392 − * 415

Railroad ................................................................... 10 392 − * 402

River ........................................................................ 13 −−− 13

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

West Virginia Total................................................... 25,679 1,265 1,343 161 1 28,451

Railroad ................................................................... 9,514 454 132 73 10,172

River ........................................................................ 10,011 811 137 − 10,959

Truck ....................................................................... 3,380 − 788 88 4,255

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,776 − 286 − 3,061

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 3

Northern .................................................................. 10,646 − 255 20 10,921

Railroad ................................................................... 349 − 23 − 372

River ........................................................................ 4,586 − 51 − 4,637

Truck ....................................................................... 2,936 − 95 20 3,050

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,776 − 86 − 2,862

Southern .................................................................. 15,033 1,265 1,088 141 1 17,529

Railroad ................................................................... 9,165 454 109 73 9,800

River ........................................................................ 5,424 811 86 − 6,322

Truck ....................................................................... 444 − 693 68 1,205

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 199 − 199

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 3

State Total .................................................................. 34,574 1,690 2,147 162 1 38,576

Railroad ................................................................... 9,611 879 176 73 10,739

River ........................................................................ 15,044 811 551 − 16,406

Truck ....................................................................... 6,492 − 1,114 90 7,696

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 3,427 − 306 − 3,733

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 3

DESTINATION: WISCONSIN

Colorado ..................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Railroad ................................................................... 20 −−− 20

Illinois ......................................................................... 847 − 122 − 969

Railroad ................................................................... 38 − 91 − 130

River ........................................................................ 809 −−− 809

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 31 − 31

Indiana ........................................................................ 174 − 71 − 245

Railroad ................................................................... 174 − 71 − 245

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 155 − 621 128 903

Railroad ................................................................... * − 261 1 262

River ........................................................................ 14 − 32 126 172

Great Lakes............................................................. 141 − 327 − 469

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Eastern ..................................................................... 155 − 457 128 740

Railroad ................................................................... * − 99 1 100

River ........................................................................ 14 − 31 126 171

Great Lakes............................................................. 141 − 327 − 469

Truck ....................................................................... −−− * *

Western .................................................................... − − 164 − 164

Railroad ................................................................... − − 162 − 162

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Montana ...................................................................... 2,052 − 1 − 2,053

Railroad ................................................................... 2,051 −−− 2,051

Truck ....................................................................... 1 − 1 − 2

New Mexico................................................................ 466 −−− 466

Railroad ................................................................... 466 −−− 466

Ohio ............................................................................. − − * − *

Great Lakes............................................................. − − * − *

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 2,097 − 50 * 2,147

Railroad ................................................................... 881 − 5 − 886

River ........................................................................ 9 −−− 9

Great Lakes............................................................. 1,207 − 44 − 1,251

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

Anthracite ................................................................ − − 6*6

Railroad ................................................................... − − 5 − 5

Truck ....................................................................... − − 1*1

See footnotes at end of table.

166 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: WISCONSIN (Continued)

Bituminous .............................................................. 2,097 − 44 − 2,141

Railroad ................................................................... 881 −−− 881

River ........................................................................ 9 −−− 9

Great Lakes............................................................. 1,207 − 44 − 1,251

West Virginia Total................................................... 116 − 304 − 420

Railroad ................................................................... * − 10 − 10

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Great Lakes............................................................. 116 − 293 − 409

Northern .................................................................. 91 − 269 − 360

Great Lakes............................................................. 91 − 269 − 360

Southern .................................................................. 25 − 35 − 60

Railroad ................................................................... * − 10 − 10

River ........................................................................ − − 1 − 1

Great Lakes............................................................. 25 − 24 − 49

Wyoming ..................................................................... 19,570 − 386 − 19,956

Railroad ................................................................... 15,040 − 386 − 15,426

Great Lakes............................................................. 4,530 −−− 4,530

State Total .................................................................. 25,497 − 1,555 128 27,180

Railroad ................................................................... 18,669 − 825 1 19,495

River ........................................................................ 832 − 34 126 992

Great Lakes............................................................. 5,995 − 695 − 6,690

Truck ....................................................................... 1 − 1*3

DESTINATION: WYOMING

Colorado ..................................................................... − − 149 − 149

Truck ....................................................................... − − 149 − 149

Montana ...................................................................... − − 2 60 62

Railroad ................................................................... − − 2 60 62

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Anthracite ................................................................ − − * − *

Railroad ................................................................... − − * − *

Wyoming ..................................................................... 25,624 − 1,996 99 27,719

Railroad ................................................................... 11,029 − 1,291 6 12,325

Truck ....................................................................... 2,726 − 705 94 3,525

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 11,869 −−− 11,869

State Total .................................................................. 25,624 − 2,147 159 27,930

Railroad ................................................................... 11,029 − 1,293 66 12,387

Truck ....................................................................... 2,726 − 855 94 3,674

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 11,869 −−− 11,869

DESTINATION: U.S. TOTAL

Alabama ...................................................................... 15,951 772 1,478 9 2 18,245

Railroad ................................................................... 8,124 565 53 − 8,742

River ........................................................................ 4,296 −−− 4,296

Truck ....................................................................... 3,531 207 1,425 9 5,173

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 35

Alaska ......................................................................... 440 − − 530 970

Railroad ................................................................... 138 − − 467 606

Truck ....................................................................... 301 − − 63 364

Arizona ....................................................................... 12,169 −−− 12,169

Railroad ................................................................... 7,680 −−− 7,680

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,489 −−− 4,489

Arkansas ..................................................................... − − 23 − 23

Truck ....................................................................... − − 23 − 23

Colorado ..................................................................... 25,387 492 1,634 15 3 27,541

Railroad ................................................................... 19,797 492 1,078 − 21,367

River ........................................................................ 1,086 − 1 − 1,087

Great Lakes............................................................. 33 − 143 − 176

Truck ....................................................................... 4,472 − 412 15 4,898

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 13

Illinois ......................................................................... 34,651 − 4,394 390 2 39,447

Railroad ................................................................... 17,772 − 1,622 − 19,394

River ........................................................................ 11,803 − 361 49 12,212

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 167 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: U.S. TOTAL (Continued)

Illinois

Great Lakes............................................................. − − 31 − 31

Tidewater ................................................................ 636 −−− 636

Truck ....................................................................... 4,439 − 2,354 341 7,135

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − − 27 − 27

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 12

Indiana ........................................................................ 33,735 − 2,671 332 2 36,774

Railroad ................................................................... 23,405 − 1,306 * 24,711

River ........................................................................ 923 − 288 − 1,210

Great Lakes............................................................. 120 − 28 − 148

Truck ....................................................................... 8,548 − 1,049 332 9,929

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 739 −−− 739

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 36

Kansas ......................................................................... 424 − 16 − 440

Truck ....................................................................... 424 − 16 − 440

Kentucky Total .......................................................... 126,574 3,000 15,255 1,062 3 146,171

Railroad ................................................................... 83,442 2,399 8,608 377 94,826

River ........................................................................ 25,742 257 2,183 358 28,540

Great Lakes............................................................. 1,411 334 1,075 − 2,821

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,696 − 249 − 1,945

Truck ....................................................................... 14,283 10 3,140 327 17,759

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 280

Eastern ..................................................................... 95,028 3,000 14,660 880 3 113,842

Railroad ................................................................... 76,254 2,399 8,432 377 87,462

River ........................................................................ 9,765 257 1,882 233 12,138

Great Lakes............................................................. 1,411 334 1,075 − 2,821

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,696 − 194 − 1,890

Truck ....................................................................... 5,902 10 3,077 270 9,259

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 273

Western .................................................................... 31,546 − 595 182 2 32,329

Railroad ................................................................... 7,188 − 176 − 7,364

River ........................................................................ 15,977 − 301 125 16,403

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 55 − 55

Truck ....................................................................... 8,381 − 63 57 8,501

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 7

Louisiana .................................................................... 3,331 −−− 3,331

Truck ....................................................................... 989 −−− 989

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,342 −−− 2,342

Maryland .................................................................... 3,825 − 212 2 2 4,058

Railroad ................................................................... 670 −−− 670

Truck ....................................................................... 3,155 − 212 2 3,368

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 19

Missouri ...................................................................... 225 − 71 * 296

Railroad ................................................................... − − 15 − 15

Truck ....................................................................... 225 − 56 * 281

Montana ...................................................................... 40,435 − 1,300 124 41,860

Railroad ................................................................... 24,040 − 714 120 24,874

Great Lakes............................................................. 6,171 − 171 − 6,343

Truck ....................................................................... 376 − 252 4 632

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 9,848 − 163 − 10,011

New Mexico................................................................ 26,839 − 1,178 9 1 28,026

Railroad ................................................................... 20,090 − 1,178 − 21,267

Truck ....................................................................... −−− 9 9

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 6,749 −−− 6,749

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 1 0

North Dakota ............................................................. 24,296 − 6,200 61 30,557

Railroad ................................................................... 425 −−− 425

Truck ....................................................................... 4,202 − − 61 4,263

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 19,669 − 6,200 − 25,869

Ohio ............................................................................. 24,721 − 1,634 123 2 26,503

Railroad ................................................................... 1,278 − − 4 1,281

River ........................................................................ 7,052 −−− 7,052

Great Lakes............................................................. − − * − *

Truck ....................................................................... 8,535 − 1,631 119 10,285

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 7,856 − 2 − 7,858

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 25

See footnotes at end of table.

168 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: U.S. TOTAL (Continued)

Oklahoma ................................................................... 1,300 − 423 1 2 1,731

Railroad ................................................................... − − 119 − 119

Truck ....................................................................... 1,300 − 304 1 1,604

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 8

Pennsylvania Total .................................................... 64,613 2,083 4,684 962 3 72,616

Railroad ................................................................... 27,247 322 632 14 28,216

River ........................................................................ 11,769 1,616 882 39 14,306

Great Lakes............................................................. 2,024 140 235 − 2,399

Tidewater ................................................................ 15 −−− 15

Truck ....................................................................... 18,054 6 2,827 908 21,795

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 5,504 − 107 − 5,611

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 274

Anthracite ................................................................ 2,977 1 745 700 3 4,445

Railroad ................................................................... 77 − 228 14 320

River ........................................................................ − − 19 − 19

Truck ....................................................................... 2,900 1 499 685 4,085

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 22

Bituminous .............................................................. 61,637 2,082 3,939 262 3 68,172

Railroad ................................................................... 27,170 322 404 − 27,896

River ........................................................................ 11,769 1,616 864 39 14,288

Great Lakes............................................................. 2,024 140 235 − 2,399

Tidewater ................................................................ 15 −−− 15

Truck ....................................................................... 15,154 4 2,328 223 17,710

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 5,504 − 107 − 5,611

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 253

Tennessee .................................................................... 2,062 − 669 8 2 2,741

Railroad ................................................................... 1,279 − 542 − 1,821

River ........................................................................ − − 3 − 3

Truck ....................................................................... 783 − 124 8 915

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 1

Texas ........................................................................... 49,978 − 2,935 − 52,913

Railroad ................................................................... 23,300 − 42 − 23,342

Truck ....................................................................... 14,060 − 424 − 14,484

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 12,618 − 2,469 − 15,087

Utah ............................................................................. 20,594 3 3,292 311 2 24,229

Railroad ................................................................... 12,190 − 2,015 123 14,328

River ........................................................................ 654 −−− 654

Tidewater ................................................................ − − 34 − 34

Truck ....................................................................... 4,383 3 1,243 188 5,817

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 3,367 −−− 3,367

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 30

Virginia ....................................................................... 14,565 3,065 2,818 76 3 20,728

Railroad ................................................................... 10,869 2,047 2,685 61 15,662

River ........................................................................ 1,420 76 20 − 1,517

Tidewater ................................................................ 701 −−− 701

Truck ....................................................................... 1,574 * 92 15 1,681

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. − 942 21 − 963

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 204

Washington ................................................................. 4,622 −−− 4,622

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 4,622 −−− 4,622

West Virginia Total................................................... 106,029 18,712 9,157 736 3 135,082

Railroad ................................................................... 50,727 10,980 4,299 252 66,259

River ........................................................................ 41,268 6,345 2,361 283 50,258

Great Lakes............................................................. 277 1,311 668 − 2,256

Tidewater ................................................................ 5,645 −−− 5,645

Truck ....................................................................... 5,328 − 1,542 200 7,071

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,783 75 286 − 3,145

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 448

Northern .................................................................. 38,475 − 1,764 62 2 40,410

Railroad ................................................................... 14,271 − 905 − 15,175

River ........................................................................ 15,725 − 139 − 15,863

Great Lakes............................................................. 92 − 341 − 433

Tidewater ................................................................ 1,120 −−− 1,120

Truck ....................................................................... 4,492 − 293 62 4,847

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 2,776 − 86 − 2,862

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 110

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 169 
Table 64. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Destination State, Consumer,

Origin and Method of Transportation, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Industrial Coal-Producing State of Origin Electric Coke Residential Plants Total by Method of Transportation Utilities Plants and Commercial (Except Coke)

DESTINATION: U.S. TOTAL (Continued)

Southern .................................................................. 67,554 18,712 7,393 673 3 94,671

Railroad ................................................................... 36,456 10,980 3,395 252 51,083

River ........................................................................ 25,544 6,345 2,223 283 34,395

Great Lakes............................................................. 185 1,311 327 − 1,824

Tidewater ................................................................ 4,525 −−− 4,525

Truck ....................................................................... 836 − 1,249 138 2,223

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 8 75 199 − 283

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 339

Wyoming ..................................................................... 305,888 − 5,142 105 2 311,162

Railroad ................................................................... 269,113 − 3,654 8 272,775

River ........................................................................ 16,437 −−− 16,437

Great Lakes............................................................. 5,086 − 415 − 5,500

Tidewater ................................................................ 468 −−− 468

Truck ....................................................................... 2,915 − 1,074 97 4,085

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 11,869 −−− 11,869

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 2 28

U.S. Total.................................................................... 942,655 28,128 65,184 4,856 3 1,042,236

Railroad ................................................................... 601,587 16,806 28,562 1,427 648,382

River ........................................................................ 122,449 8,294 6,101 729 137,573

Great Lakes............................................................. 15,123 1,785 2,766 − 19,675

Tidewater ................................................................ 9,162 − 282 − 9,444

Truck ....................................................................... 101,878 226 18,197 2,700 123,000

Tramway, Conveyor, and Slurry Pipeline ............. 92,456 1,017 9,275 − 102,749

Unknown ................................................................. −−−− 3 1,413

1 Includes distribution to the transportation sector.

2 Includes distribution to unknown consumers.

3 Includes distribution to both the transportation sector and unknown consumers.

* Quantity is less than 500 short tons or percent is less than .05.

 Note: Total may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

170 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Alabama ............................................................... 8,742 4,296 − 4,801 9,097 5,173 − 35 23,046

Alabama ............................................................. 8,477 4,271 − − 4,271 5,083 − − 17,831

Arkansas ............................................................. 64 −− − − 15 − − 78

Florida ................................................................ − 24 − − 24 −− − 24

Georgia ............................................................... 72 −− − − 2 − − 74

Illinois ................................................................ 71 − − − −− − − 71

Indiana ............................................................... 58 − − − −− − − 58

Mississippi ......................................................... −− − − − 73 − − 73

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 35 35

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 4,801 4,801 −− − 4,801

Alaska ................................................................... 606 − − 371 371 364 − − 1,341

Alaska ................................................................ 606 −− − − 364 − − 970

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 371 371 −− − 371

Arizona ................................................................. 7,680 − − − −− 4,489 − 12,169

Arizona ............................................................... 7,680 − − − −− − − 7,680

Nevada ............................................................... −− − − −− 4,489 − 4,489

Arkansas .............................................................. −− − − − 23 − − 23

Maryland ............................................................ −− − − − 1 − − 1

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 19 − − 19

Texas .................................................................. −− − − − 3 − − 3

Colorado ............................................................... 22,698 1,087 176 422 1,685 4,898 − 13 29,294

Alabama ............................................................. 427 − − − −− − − 427

Arizona ............................................................... 467 −− − − * − − 467

Arkansas ............................................................. 5 − − − −− − − 5

California ........................................................... 78 − − − −− − − 78

Colorado ............................................................. 7,373 −− − − 4,618 − 2 11,993

Illinois ................................................................ 1,807 626 − − 626 −− − 2,433

Indiana ............................................................... 51 − − − −− − − 51

Iowa ................................................................... 144 451 − − 451 −− − 595

Kansas ................................................................ 1,289 − − − −− − − 1,289

Kentucky ............................................................ 1,952 10 − − 10 −− − 1,962

Michigan ............................................................ − − 176 − 176 −− − 176

Missouri ............................................................. 14 − − − −− − − 14

Montana ............................................................. 6 − − − −− − − 6

Nebraska ............................................................ 97 − − − −− − − 97

Nevada ............................................................... 20 − − − −− − − 20

New Mexico ...................................................... −− − − − 131 − − 131

Tennessee ........................................................... 2,064 − − − −− − − 2,064

Texas .................................................................. 3,309 − − − −− − − 3,309

Utah .................................................................... 2,238 − − − −− − − 2,238

Washington ........................................................ 7 − − − −− − − 7

Wisconsin ........................................................... 20 − − − −− − − 20

Wyoming ........................................................... −− − − − 149 − − 149

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 11 11

Foreign ............................................................... 1,332 − − 422 422 −− − 1,754

Illinois ................................................................... 19,394 12,212 31 943 13,186 7,135 27 12 39,754

Alabama ............................................................. 269 540 − − 540 −− − 809

Arkansas ............................................................. 12 − − − −− − − 12

Florida ................................................................ 1,330 4,935 − − 4,935 −− − 6,265

Georgia ............................................................... 676 − − − −− − − 676

Illinois ................................................................ 10,274 568 − − 568 5,784 27 − 16,652

Indiana ............................................................... 3,791 49 − − 49 344 − − 4,184

Iowa ................................................................... 299 469 − − 469 181 − − 949

Kansas ................................................................ 41 − − − −− − − 41

Kentucky ............................................................ 684 2 − − 2 * − − 686

Louisiana ............................................................ − 1,113 − − 1,113 −− − 1,113

Minnesota ........................................................... 87 17 − − 17 −− − 104

Mississippi ......................................................... − 902 − 636 1,538 −− − 1,538

Missouri ............................................................. 1,471 376 − − 376 826 − − 2,674

North Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... − 2 − − 2 −− − 2

Tennessee ........................................................... 331 2,431 − − 2,431 −− − 2,762

West Virginia..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Wisconsin ........................................................... 130 809 31 − 840 −− − 969

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 12 12

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 171 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Illinois (Continued)

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 307 307 −− − 307

Indiana ................................................................. 24,711 1,210 148 − 1,358 9,929 739 36 36,774

Florida ................................................................ − 41 − − 41 −− − 41

Illinois ................................................................ 1,741 −− − − 67 − − 1,807

Indiana ............................................................... 22,400 400 − − 400 9,333 739 − 32,872

Iowa ................................................................... 259 − − − −− − − 259

Kentucky ............................................................ − 567 − − 567 526 − − 1,093

Michigan ............................................................ − − 148 − 148 −− − 148

Minnesota ........................................................... 67 − − − −− − − 67

Missouri ............................................................. − 148 − − 148 4 − − 152

Ohio ................................................................... − 7 − − 7 −− − 7

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 1 − − 1 −− − 1

Tennessee ........................................................... − 47 − − 47 −− − 47

Wisconsin ........................................................... 245 − − − −− − − 245

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 36 36

Kansas .................................................................. −− − − − 440 − − 440

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 366 − − 366

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 74 − − 74

Kentucky .............................................................. 95,156 28,540 3,947 7,417 39,905 17,762 − 280 153,102

Alabama ............................................................. 943 1,893 − − 1,893 19 − − 2,855

Connecticut ........................................................ 40 − − 420 420 −− − 460

Delaware ............................................................ 92 − − − −− − − 92

Florida ................................................................ 13,046 2,183 − 890 3,073 39 − − 16,157

Georgia ............................................................... 16,355 −− − − 152 − − 16,507

Illinois ................................................................ 487 397 − − 397 101 − − 985

Indiana ............................................................... 1,299 1,256 − − 1,256 468 − − 3,023

Iowa ................................................................... 22 716 − − 716 * − − 738

Kentucky ............................................................ 5,291 12,269 − − 12,269 12,119 − 10 29,690

Louisiana ............................................................ − 672 − − 672 −− − 672

Maine ................................................................. −− − 249 249 −− − 249

Maryland ............................................................ * − − 349 349 −− − 349

Massachusetts .................................................... 206 − − 37 37 −− − 243

Michigan ............................................................ 5,991 − 1,398 − 1,398 38 − − 7,427

Minnesota ........................................................... 6 70 17 − 87 * − − 93

Mississippi ......................................................... 952 28 − − 28 −− − 980

Missouri ............................................................. 109 272 − − 272 * − − 381

New Jersey......................................................... −− − − − 26 − − 26

New York .......................................................... 1,709 2 65 − 67 43 − − 1,818

North Carolina ................................................... 16,847 1 − − 1 332 − − 17,179

Ohio ................................................................... 1,519 5,909 872 − 6,782 774 − − 9,074

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 27 − − 27 −− − 27

Oregon ............................................................... 14 − − − −− − − 14

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 141 511 − − 511 114 − − 766

South Carolina ................................................... 13,015 −− − − 44 − − 13,060

South Dakota ..................................................... − 7 − − 7 −− − 7

Tennessee ........................................................... 10,069 2,148 − − 2,148 3,139 − − 15,355

Virginia .............................................................. 6,331 −− − − 68 − − 6,400

West Virginia..................................................... 80 8 − − 8 283 − − 370

Wisconsin ........................................................... 262 172 469 − 641 * − − 903

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 270 270

Foreign ............................................................... 330 − 1,126 5,472 6,599 3 − − 6,931

Kentucky, Eastern .............................................. 87,792 12,138 3,947 6,816 22,901 9,261 − 273 120,227

Alabama ............................................................. 943 77 − − 77 19 − − 1,039

Connecticut ........................................................ 40 − − 420 420 −− − 460

Delaware ............................................................ 92 − − − −− − − 92

Florida ................................................................ 12,342 631 − 890 1,521 39 − − 13,902

Georgia ............................................................... 16,355 −− − − 152 − − 16,507

Illinois ................................................................ 321 238 − − 238 101 − − 661

Indiana ............................................................... 1,194 1,091 − − 1,091 468 − − 2,753

Iowa ................................................................... 22 212 − − 212 * − − 234

Kentucky ............................................................ 2,700 2,235 − − 2,235 5,795 − 10 10,740

Louisiana ............................................................ − 11 − − 11 −− − 11

Maine ................................................................. −− − 194 194 −− − 194

See footnotes at end of table.

172 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Kentucky, Eastern (Continued)

Maryland ............................................................ * − − 349 349 −− − 349

Massachusetts .................................................... 206 − − 37 37 −− − 243

Michigan ............................................................ 5,977 − 1,398 − 1,398 38 − − 7,413

Minnesota ........................................................... 6 66 17 − 83 * − − 89

Mississippi ......................................................... 952 25 − − 25 −− − 977

Missouri ............................................................. 109 61 − − 61 * − − 170

New York .......................................................... 1,709 2 65 − 67 43 − − 1,818

North Carolina ................................................... 16,847 1 − − 1 332 − − 17,179

Ohio ................................................................... 1,519 5,909 872 − 6,782 774 − − 9,074

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 27 − − 27 −− − 27

Oregon ............................................................... 14 − − − −− − − 14

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 141 511 − − 511 114 − − 766

South Carolina ................................................... 13,015 −− − − 44 − − 13,060

South Dakota ..................................................... − 7 − − 7 −− − 7

Tennessee ........................................................... 7,510 856 − − 856 989 − − 9,355

Virginia .............................................................. 5,267 −− − − 68 − − 5,336

West Virginia..................................................... 80 8 − − 8 283 − − 370

Wisconsin ........................................................... 100 171 469 − 639 * − − 740

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 263 263

Foreign ............................................................... 330 − 1,126 4,926 6,052 3 − − 6,385

Kentucky, Western ............................................. 7,364 16,403 − 601 17,004 8,501 − 7 32,876

Alabama ............................................................. − 1,816 − − 1,816 −− − 1,816

Florida ................................................................ 704 1,551 − − 1,551 −− − 2,255

Illinois ................................................................ 166 158 − − 158 −− − 324

Indiana ............................................................... 105 165 − − 165 −− − 270

Iowa ................................................................... − 504 − − 504 −− − 504

Kentucky ............................................................ 2,591 10,035 − − 10,035 6,325 − − 18,950

Louisiana ............................................................ − 661 − − 661 −− − 661

Maine ................................................................. −− − 55 55 −− − 55

Michigan ............................................................ 14 − − − −− − − 14

Minnesota ........................................................... − 4 − − 4 −− − 4

Mississippi ......................................................... − 3 − − 3 −− − 3

Missouri ............................................................. − 211 − − 211 −− − 211

New Jersey......................................................... −− − − − 26 − − 26

Tennessee ........................................................... 2,559 1,292 − − 1,292 2,150 − − 6,000

Virginia .............................................................. 1,064 −− − − * − − 1,064

Wisconsin ........................................................... 162 1 − − 1 −− − 164

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 7 7

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 546 546 −− − 546

Louisiana .............................................................. −− − − − 989 2,342 − 3,331

Louisiana ............................................................ −− − − − 989 2,342 − 3,331

Maryland .............................................................. 670 − − 9 9 3,368 − 19 4,066

Delaware ............................................................ 96 − − − −− − − 96

Maryland ............................................................ 574 −− − − 335 − − 909

Pennsylvania ...................................................... −− − − − 16 − − 16

Virginia .............................................................. −− − − − 40 − − 40

West Virginia..................................................... −− − − − 2,978 − − 2,978

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 19 19

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 9 9 −− − 9

Missouri ................................................................ 15 −− − − 281 − − 296

Arkansas ............................................................. 15 − − − −− − − 15

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 1 − − 1

Missouri ............................................................. −− − − − 281 − − 281

Montana ............................................................... 25,385 − 6,646 − 6,646 632 10,011 − 42,674

Arizona ............................................................... 94 − − − −− − − 94

Illinois ................................................................ 1,679 − − − −− − − 1,679

Indiana ............................................................... 126 − − − −− − − 126

Iowa ................................................................... 136 − − − −− − − 136

Kansas ................................................................ 379 − − − −− − − 379

Michigan ............................................................ 3,439 − 6,171 − 6,171 251 − − 9,861

Minnesota ........................................................... 10,276 − 171 − 171 30 − − 10,477

Mississippi ......................................................... 2,833 − − − −− − − 2,833

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 173 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Montana (Continued)

Montana ............................................................. −− − − − 349 10,011 − 10,360

Nebraska ............................................................ 81 − − − −− − − 81

North Dakota ..................................................... 517 − − − −− − − 517

South Dakota ..................................................... 1,698 − − − −− − − 1,698

Washington ........................................................ 1,503 − − − −− − − 1,503

Wisconsin ........................................................... 2,051 −− − − 2 − − 2,053

Wyoming ........................................................... 62 − − − −− − − 62

Foreign ............................................................... 511 − 303 − 303 −− − 814

New Mexico ......................................................... 21,267 −− − − 9 6,749 * 28,026

Arizona ............................................................... 11,138 −− − − * − − 11,138

Colorado ............................................................. 11 − − − −− − − 11

New Mexico ...................................................... 9,062 −− − − 9 6,749 * 15,819

Oklahoma ........................................................... 119 − − − −− − − 119

Texas .................................................................. 472 − − − −− − − 472

Wisconsin ........................................................... 466 − − − −− − − 466

North Dakota....................................................... 425 −− − − 4,263 25,869 − 30,557

North Dakota ..................................................... 425 −− − − 4,263 25,869 − 30,557

Ohio ...................................................................... 1,281 7,052 204 459 7,716 10,285 7,858 25 27,166

Alabama ............................................................. − 4 − − 4 −− − 4

Indiana ............................................................... 26 −− − − 66 − − 93

Kentucky ............................................................ − 848 − − 848 −− − 848

Michigan ............................................................ −− − − − 302 − − 302

Minnesota ........................................................... −− − − − 14 − − 14

New York .......................................................... 9 −− − − 4 − − 12

Ohio ................................................................... 1,246 4,403 − − 4,403 9,584 7,858 − 23,091

Pennsylvania ...................................................... − 129 − − 129 316 − − 445

West Virginia..................................................... − 1,669 − − 1,669 * − − 1,670

Wisconsin ........................................................... − − * − * −− − *

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 25 25

Foreign ............................................................... − − 204 459 663 −− − 663

Oklahoma ............................................................. 119 −− − − 1,604 − 8 1,731

Arkansas ............................................................. 31 −− − − 40 − − 71

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − 153 − − 153

Oklahoma ........................................................... −− − − − 1,411 − − 1,411

Texas .................................................................. 88 − − − −− − − 88

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 8 8

Pennsylvania ........................................................ 28,567 14,857 3,645 5,772 24,273 21,799 5,611 274 80,525

Alabama ............................................................. * 62 − − 62 * − − 62

Arizona ............................................................... * −− − − 3 − − 3

Arkansas ............................................................. 2 −− − − * − − 2

California ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Colorado ............................................................. 18 −− − − * − − 18

Connecticut ........................................................ 175 −− − − 8 − − 183

Delaware ............................................................ 1,172 −− − − 19 25 − 1,217

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − 2 − − 2

Florida ................................................................ 152 65 − − 65 * − − 218

Georgia ............................................................... 2 −− − − * − − 2

Illinois ................................................................ 9 50 − − 50 1 − − 61

Indiana ............................................................... 254 36 − − 36 21 − − 311

Iowa ................................................................... 35 240 − − 240 * − − 275

Kansas ................................................................ 1 − − − −− − − 1

Kentucky ............................................................ 14 194 − − 194 10 − − 218

Louisiana ............................................................ − 42 − − 42 * − − 42

Maine ................................................................. 7 −− − − 3 − − 10

Maryland ............................................................ 2,698 −− − − 334 − − 3,032

Massachusetts .................................................... 66 −− − − 17 − − 84

Michigan ............................................................ 3,677 − 348 − 348 1 − − 4,026

Minnesota ........................................................... 7 −− − − * − − 7

Mississippi ......................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Missouri ............................................................. * −− − − * − − *

Nebraska ............................................................ 11 −− − − * − − 11

New Hampshire ................................................. 762 − − 15 15 6 − − 783

See footnotes at end of table.

174 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Pennsylvania (Continued)

New Jersey......................................................... 534 −− − − 14 − − 549

New Mexico ...................................................... −− − − − * − − *

New York .......................................................... 3,923 46 555 − 602 573 − − 5,098

North Carolina ................................................... * −− − − 1 − − 1

North Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... 2,041 3,627 244 − 3,872 120 − − 6,033

Oklahoma ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Oregon ............................................................... 15 − − − −− − − 15

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 11,378 5,484 − − 5,484 20,137 4,915 3 41,917

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 2 − − 2

South Carolina ................................................... 53 −− − − 1 − − 54

Tennessee ........................................................... * 689 − − 689 12 − − 701

Texas .................................................................. 2 3 − − 3 2 − − 7

Utah .................................................................... 153 − − − −− − − 153

Vermont ............................................................. −− − − − 2 − − 2

Virginia .............................................................. 80 −− − − 325 − − 405

West Virginia..................................................... 85 3,758 − − 3,758 179 671 − 4,693

Wisconsin ........................................................... 886 9 1,251 − 1,261 1 − − 2,147

Wyoming ........................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 271 271

Foreign ............................................................... 352 550 1,245 5,757 7,553 4 − − 7,908

Pennsylvania Anthracite .................................... 606 19 − 153 171 4,088 − 22 4,887

Alabama ............................................................. * 11 − − 11 * − − 11

Arizona ............................................................... * −− − − 3 − − 3

Arkansas ............................................................. 2 −− − − * − − 2

California ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Colorado ............................................................. 18 −− − − * − − 18

Connecticut ........................................................ * −− − − 7 − − 7

Delaware ............................................................ * −− − − 7 − − 7

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − * − − *

Florida ................................................................ 4 −− − − * − − 4

Georgia ............................................................... 2 −− − − * − − 2

Illinois ................................................................ 9 −− − − 1 − − 11

Indiana ............................................................... * −− − − 15 − − 15

Iowa ................................................................... 35 −− − − * − − 35

Kansas ................................................................ 1 − − − −− − − 1

Kentucky ............................................................ 13 −− − − 10 − − 23

Louisiana ............................................................ −− − − − * − − *

Maine ................................................................. * −− − − 3 − − 3

Maryland ............................................................ * −− − − 2 − − 2

Massachusetts .................................................... 1 −− − − 9 − − 10

Michigan ............................................................ * −− − − 1 − − 1

Minnesota ........................................................... 7 −− − − * − − 7

Mississippi ......................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Missouri ............................................................. * −− − − * − − *

Nebraska ............................................................ 11 −− − − * − − 11

New Hampshire ................................................. * −− − − 5 − − 5

New Jersey......................................................... * −− − − 14 − − 14

New Mexico ...................................................... −− − − − * − − *

New York .......................................................... 15 −− − − 77 − − 92

North Carolina ................................................... * −− − − 1 − − 1

North Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Ohio ................................................................... * −− − − 11 − − 11

Oklahoma ........................................................... * −− − − * − − *

Oregon ............................................................... 15 − − − −− − − 15

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 124 −− − − 3,853 − 2 3,980

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 2 − − 2

South Carolina ................................................... 53 −− − − 1 − − 54

Tennessee ........................................................... * 5 − − 5 12 − − 16

Texas .................................................................. 2 3 − − 3 2 − − 7

Utah .................................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Vermont ............................................................. −− − − − 2 − − 2

Virginia .............................................................. * −− − − 3 − − 3

West Virginia..................................................... * −− − − 42 − − 42

Wisconsin ........................................................... 5 −− − − 1 − − 6

Wyoming ........................................................... * − − − −− − − *

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 19 19

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 175 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Pennsylvania Anthracite (Continued)

Foreign ............................................................... 287 − − 153 153 3 − − 443

Pennsylvania Bituminous................................... 27,961 14,838 3,645 5,619 24,102 17,711 5,611 253 75,637

Alabama ............................................................. − 51 − − 51 −− − 51

Connecticut ........................................................ 175 −− − − 1 − − 176

Delaware ............................................................ 1,172 −− − − 12 25 − 1,210

District of Columbia.......................................... −− − − − 2 − − 2

Florida ................................................................ 148 65 − − 65 −− − 213

Illinois ................................................................ − 50 − − 50 −− − 50

Indiana ............................................................... 254 36 − − 36 6 − − 296

Iowa ................................................................... − 240 − − 240 −− − 240

Kentucky ............................................................ 2 194 − − 194 −− − 196

Louisiana ............................................................ − 42 − − 42 −− − 42

Maine ................................................................. 7 − − − −− − − 7

Maryland ............................................................ 2,698 −− − − 331 − − 3,029

Massachusetts .................................................... 66 −− − − 8 − − 74

Michigan ............................................................ 3,677 − 348 − 348 −− − 4,025

New Hampshire ................................................. 762 − − 15 15 1 − − 778

New Jersey......................................................... 534 − − − −− − − 534

New York .......................................................... 3,908 46 555 − 602 496 − − 5,006

Ohio ................................................................... 2,040 3,627 244 − 3,872 109 − − 6,021

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 11,254 5,484 − − 5,484 16,284 4,915 1 37,937

Tennessee ........................................................... − 684 − − 684 −− − 684

Texas .................................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Utah .................................................................... 153 − − − −− − − 153

Virginia .............................................................. 80 −− − − 322 − − 402

West Virginia..................................................... 85 3,758 − − 3,758 137 671 − 4,651

Wisconsin ........................................................... 881 9 1,251 − 1,261 −− − 2,141

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 252 252

Foreign ............................................................... 65 550 1,245 5,604 7,400 1 − − 7,466

Tennessee ............................................................. 1,821 3 − − 3 915 − 1 2,741

Alabama ............................................................. 5 − − − −− − − 5

Florida ................................................................ 209 − − − −− − − 209

Georgia ............................................................... 670 −− − − 23 − − 693

Kentucky ............................................................ −− − − − 7 − − 7

North Carolina ................................................... 22 −− − − * − − 22

South Carolina ................................................... 381 − − − −− − − 381

Tennessee ........................................................... 534 3 − − 3 885 − − 1,422

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 1 1

Texas ..................................................................... 23,344 − − 20 20 14,484 15,087 − 52,935

Louisiana ............................................................ −− − − − 144 − − 144

Texas .................................................................. 23,342 −− − − 14,340 15,087 − 52,769

Foreign ............................................................... 2 − − 20 20 −− − 22

Utah ...................................................................... 14,328 654 − 2,569 3,223 5,817 3,367 30 26,765

California ........................................................... 4,695 −− − − 16 − − 4,711

Colorado ............................................................. * −− − − 3 − − 3

Hawaii ................................................................ −− − 34 34 −− − 34

Idaho .................................................................. 66 −− − − 55 − − 121

Illinois ................................................................ 2,266 − − − −− − − 2,266

Kansas ................................................................ −− − − − * − − *

Missouri ............................................................. 10 − − − −− − − 10

Montana ............................................................. −− − − − 3 − − 3

Nevada ............................................................... 3,026 −− − − 393 12 − 3,431

Oregon ............................................................... −− − − − 1 − − 1

Pennsylvania ...................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Tennessee ........................................................... 343 654 − − 654 −− − 996

Utah .................................................................... 3,839 −− − − 5,337 3,355 − 12,531

Washington ........................................................ 84 −− − − 8 − − 92

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 30 30

Foreign ............................................................... −− − 2,535 2,535 −− − 2,535

Virginia ................................................................ 15,662 1,517 348 12,792 14,656 2,053 963 204 33,539

See footnotes at end of table.

176 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Virginia (Continued)

Alabama ............................................................. 857 − − − −− − − 857

Delaware ............................................................ 146 − − − −− − − 146

Florida ................................................................ 866 − − − −− − − 866

Georgia ............................................................... 2,893 − − − −− − − 2,893

Illinois ................................................................ 176 − − − −− − − 176

Indiana ............................................................... 664 862 − − 862 * − − 1,526

Kentucky ............................................................ − * − − * 2 − − 3

Maryland ............................................................ −− − − − * − − *

Massachusetts .................................................... −− − 1 1 −− − 1

Michigan ............................................................ −− − − − * − − *

Mississippi ......................................................... 18 − − − −− − − 18

New Jersey......................................................... −− − 700 700 * − − 700

New York .......................................................... 4 − − − −− − − 4

North Carolina ................................................... 670 −− − − 65 − − 735

Ohio ................................................................... 283 577 − − 577 −− − 861

Oklahoma ........................................................... − 19 − − 19 −− − 19

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 159 44 − − 44 * − − 204

South Carolina ................................................... 1,341 −− − − 1 − − 1,342

Tennessee ........................................................... 2,217 1 − − 1 42 − − 2,260

Texas .................................................................. 21 − − − −− − − 21

Utah .................................................................... 27 − − − −− − − 27

Virginia .............................................................. 4,917 −− − − 1,571 963 152 7,602

West Virginia..................................................... 402 13 − − 13 * − − 415

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 53 53

Foreign ............................................................... − − 348 12,091 12,439 372 − − 12,810

Washington .......................................................... −− − − −− 4,622 − 4,622

Washington ........................................................ −− − − −− 4,622 − 4,622

West Virginia ...................................................... 67,528 50,607 8,672 35,130 94,409 7,083 3,145 448 172,612

Alabama ............................................................. 1,748 915 − − 915 * − − 2,664

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − 742 742 1 − − 743

Delaware ............................................................ 883 −− − − 6 − − 889

District of Columbia.......................................... 3 3 − − 3 −− − 6

Florida ................................................................ 867 119 − 1,171 1,290 77 − − 2,233

Georgia ............................................................... 4,767 −− − − 15 − − 4,782

Idaho .................................................................. 20 − − − −− − − 20

Illinois ................................................................ 960 565 317 − 882 −− − 1,841

Indiana ............................................................... 5,441 901 − − 901 26 − − 6,368

Iowa ................................................................... 25 135 − − 135 * − − 160

Kentucky ............................................................ 2,192 5,835 − − 5,835 170 − − 8,197

Louisiana ............................................................ − 128 − − 128 −− − 128

Maryland ............................................................ 5,008 − − 972 972 901 − − 6,881

Massachusetts .................................................... 825 6 − 1,639 1,644 1 − − 2,470

Michigan ............................................................ 4,673 3 1,177 − 1,181 −− − 5,854

Minnesota ........................................................... − 116 − − 116 −− − 116

Mississippi ......................................................... 22 17 − − 17 −− − 38

Missouri ............................................................. − 57 − − 57 −− − 57

Nebraska ............................................................ 5 − − − −− − − 5

Nevada ............................................................... − 36 − − 36 −− − 36

New Hampshire ................................................. 216 − − − −− − − 216

New Jersey......................................................... 980 95 − 602 697 −− − 1,677

New York .......................................................... 4,876 239 50 330 618 1 − − 5,495

North Carolina ................................................... 9,597 − − 178 178 5 − − 9,780

Ohio ................................................................... 4,071 17,352 303 − 17,655 418 − − 22,144

Oklahoma ........................................................... 32 89 − − 89 −− − 121

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 3,497 12,324 − 12 12,336 394 8 − 16,234

South Carolina ................................................... 815 −− − − * − − 815

Tennessee ........................................................... 8 364 − − 364 6 − − 378

Texas .................................................................. − 1 − − 1 −− − 1

Utah .................................................................... 125 − − − −− − − 125

Vermont ............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Virginia .............................................................. 4,419 −− − − 796 75 − 5,291

West Virginia..................................................... 10,172 10,959 − − 10,959 4,255 3,061 3 28,451

Wisconsin ........................................................... 10 1 409 − 410 −− − 420

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 446 446

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 177 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

West Virginia (Continued)

Foreign ............................................................... 1,269 349 6,415 29,485 36,249 12 − − 37,531

West Virginia, Northern .................................... 15,184 15,863 1,923 3,995 21,782 4,847 2,862 110 44,784

Alabama ............................................................. − 396 − − 396 −− − 396

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − 666 666 * − − 667

Delaware ............................................................ 507 −− − − 6 − − 513

Florida ................................................................ 631 −− − − 33 − − 664

Illinois ................................................................ − 88 − − 88 −− − 88

Indiana ............................................................... 454 6 − − 6 26 − − 485

Kentucky ............................................................ 7 1,199 − − 1,199 −− − 1,206

Louisiana ............................................................ − 101 − − 101 −− − 101

Maryland ............................................................ 3,245 −− − − 901 − − 4,146

Massachusetts .................................................... 33 6 − − 6 1 − − 40

Michigan ............................................................ 632 − 72 − 72 −− − 704

Missouri ............................................................. − 34 − − 34 −− − 34

New Hampshire ................................................. 208 − − − −− − − 208

New Jersey......................................................... 940 70 − 454 523 −− − 1,463

New York .......................................................... 4,017 − 1 − 1 1 − − 4,018

Ohio ................................................................... 2,139 2,481 − − 2,481 9 − − 4,630

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,929 6,845 − − 6,845 144 − − 8,918

Texas .................................................................. − 1 − − 1 −− − 1

Virginia .............................................................. 62 −− − − 677 − − 738

West Virginia..................................................... 372 4,637 − − 4,637 3,050 2,862 − 10,921

Wisconsin ........................................................... − − 360 − 360 −− − 360

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 110 110

Foreign ............................................................... 8 − 1,491 2,875 4,365 −− − 4,374

West Virginia, Southern .................................... 52,344 34,744 6,748 31,135 72,627 2,236 283 339 127,828

Alabama ............................................................. 1,748 519 − − 519 * − − 2,268

Connecticut ........................................................ −− − 76 76 * − − 76

Delaware ............................................................ 376 − − − −− − − 376

District of Columbia.......................................... 3 3 − − 3 −− − 6

Florida ................................................................ 236 119 − 1,171 1,290 44 − − 1,570

Georgia ............................................................... 4,767 −− − − 15 − − 4,782

Idaho .................................................................. 20 − − − −− − − 20

Illinois ................................................................ 960 477 317 − 794 −− − 1,753

Indiana ............................................................... 4,987 895 − − 895 −− − 5,882

Iowa ................................................................... 25 135 − − 135 * − − 160

Kentucky ............................................................ 2,185 4,636 − − 4,636 170 − − 6,991

Louisiana ............................................................ − 27 − − 27 −− − 27

Maryland ............................................................ 1,763 − − 972 972 −− − 2,735

Massachusetts .................................................... 792 − − 1,639 1,639 −− − 2,430

Michigan ............................................................ 4,041 3 1,105 − 1,109 −− − 5,150

Minnesota ........................................................... − 116 − − 116 −− − 116

Mississippi ......................................................... 22 17 − − 17 −− − 38

Missouri ............................................................. − 23 − − 23 −− − 23

Nebraska ............................................................ 5 − − − −− − − 5

Nevada ............................................................... − 36 − − 36 −− − 36

New Hampshire ................................................. 8 − − − −− − − 8

New Jersey......................................................... 40 25 − 148 173 −− − 214

New York .......................................................... 859 239 49 330 618 −− − 1,477

North Carolina ................................................... 9,597 − − 178 178 5 − − 9,780

Ohio ................................................................... 1,931 14,871 303 − 15,174 409 − − 17,514

Oklahoma ........................................................... 32 89 − − 89 −− − 121

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 1,568 5,478 − 12 5,490 249 8 − 7,315

South Carolina ................................................... 815 −− − − * − − 815

Tennessee ........................................................... 8 364 − − 364 6 − − 378

Utah .................................................................... 125 − − − −− − − 125

Vermont ............................................................. −− − − − * − − *

Virginia .............................................................. 4,357 −− − − 120 75 − 4,552

West Virginia..................................................... 9,800 6,322 − − 6,322 1,205 199 3 17,529

Wisconsin ........................................................... 10 1 49 − 50 −− − 60

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 336 336

Foreign ............................................................... 1,261 349 4,925 26,610 31,884 12 − − 33,157

Wyoming .............................................................. 272,809 16,437 7,398 2,266 26,100 4,085 11,869 28 314,891

See footnotes at end of table.

178 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

Wyoming (Continued)

Alabama ............................................................. 6,017 − − − −− − − 6,017

Arizona ............................................................... 368 − − − −− − − 368

Arkansas ............................................................. 13,353 − − − −− − − 13,353

Colorado ............................................................. 8,071 −− − − 61 − − 8,132

Connecticut ........................................................ 33 − − − −− − − 33

Florida ................................................................ 1,064 − − − −− − − 1,064

Georgia ............................................................... 5,950 − − − −− − − 5,950

Idaho .................................................................. 360 −− − − 31 − − 392

Illinois ................................................................ 13,656 7,210 − − 7,210 −− − 20,866

Indiana ............................................................... 8,010 9,206 66 − 9,272 −− − 17,282

Iowa ................................................................... 20,690 − − − −− − − 20,690

Kansas ................................................................ 14,373 − − − −− − − 14,373

Louisiana ............................................................ 10,346 − − − −− − − 10,346

Michigan ............................................................ 11,936 − − − −− − − 11,936

Minnesota ........................................................... 7,626 − 904 − 904 38 − − 8,568

Mississippi ......................................................... −− − 468 468 −− − 468

Missouri ............................................................. 38,358 − − − −− − − 38,358

Montana ............................................................. 456 −− − − * − − 457

Nebraska ............................................................ 11,661 −− − − * − − 11,661

North Dakota ..................................................... 65 − − − −− − − 65

Ohio ................................................................... 2,414 21 − − 21 −− − 2,435

Oklahoma ........................................................... 19,258 − − − −− − − 19,258

Oregon ............................................................... 2,062 − − − −− − − 2,062

South Dakota ..................................................... −− − − − 430 − − 430

Tennessee ........................................................... 3,750 − − − −− − − 3,750

Texas .................................................................. 45,089 − − − −− − − 45,089

Utah .................................................................... −− − − − * − − *

Virginia .............................................................. 55 − − − −− − − 55

Washington ........................................................ 1 − − − −− − − 1

Wisconsin ........................................................... 15,426 − 4,530 − 4,530 −− − 19,956

Wyoming ........................................................... 12,325 −− − − 3,525 11,869 − 27,719

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 28 28

Foreign ............................................................... 34 − 1,897 1,798 3,695 −− − 3,729

U.S. Total ............................................................. 652,211 138,472 31,213 72,971 242,657 123,391 102,749 1,413 1,122,421

Alabama ............................................................. 18,744 7,684 − − 7,684 5,102 − − 31,530

Alaska ................................................................ 606 −− − − 364 − − 970

Arizona ............................................................... 19,748 −− − − 3 − − 19,751

Arkansas ............................................................. 13,481 −− − − 55 − − 13,536

California ........................................................... 4,773 −− − − 16 − − 4,789

Colorado ............................................................. 15,473 −− − − 4,683 − 2 20,158

Connecticut ........................................................ 248 − − 1,162 1,162 8 − − 1,418

Delaware ............................................................ 2,390 −− − − 25 25 − 2,440

District of Columbia.......................................... 3 3 − − 3 2 − − 8

Florida ................................................................ 17,534 7,367 − 2,061 9,428 116 − − 27,078

Georgia ............................................................... 31,385 −− − − 191 − − 31,576

Hawaii ................................................................ −− − 34 34 −− − 34

Idaho .................................................................. 447 −− − − 87 − − 533

Illinois ................................................................ 33,127 9,415 317 − 9,732 5,953 27 − 48,838

Indiana ............................................................... 42,121 12,711 66 − 12,776 10,257 739 − 65,893

Iowa ................................................................... 21,610 2,012 − − 2,012 181 − − 23,803

Kansas ................................................................ 16,082 −− − − 520 − − 16,601

Kentucky ............................................................ 10,134 19,726 − − 19,726 12,834 − 10 42,704

Louisiana ............................................................ 10,346 1,954 − − 1,954 1,133 2,342 − 15,776

Maine ................................................................. 7 − − 249 249 3 − − 258

Maryland ............................................................ 8,280 − − 1,320 1,320 1,571 − − 11,171

Massachusetts .................................................... 1,097 6 − 1,677 1,683 18 − − 2,798

Michigan ............................................................ 29,717 3 9,419 − 9,422 592 − − 39,731

Minnesota ........................................................... 18,070 203 1,093 − 1,296 81 − − 19,447

Mississippi ......................................................... 3,825 946 − 1,104 2,051 73 − − 5,949

Missouri ............................................................. 39,963 853 − − 853 1,203 − − 42,019

Montana ............................................................. 462 −− − − 353 10,011 − 10,825

Nebraska ............................................................ 11,855 −− − − * − − 11,855

Nevada ............................................................... 3,046 36 − − 36 393 4,501 − 7,976

New Hampshire ................................................. 979 − − 15 15 6 − − 1,000

New Jersey......................................................... 1,514 95 − 1,302 1,397 41 − − 2,952

New Mexico ...................................................... 9,062 −− − − 139 6,749 * 15,950

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 179 
Table 65. Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin, Destination, and Method of Transportation, 1998

(Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons)

Water Tramway,

Origin State and Conveyor, Railroad Truck Unknown Total Destination State Great and Slurry River Tidewater Total Lakes Pipeline

U.S. Total (Continued)

New York .......................................................... 10,521 287 670 330 1,287 619 − − 12,427

North Carolina ................................................... 27,135 1 − 178 179 403 − − 27,717

North Dakota ..................................................... 1,007 −− − − 4,263 25,869 − 31,139

Ohio ................................................................... 11,574 31,899 1,420 − 33,319 10,895 7,858 − 63,646

Oklahoma ........................................................... 19,410 136 − − 136 1,411 − − 20,957

Oregon ............................................................... 2,091 −− − − 1 − − 2,092

Pennsylvania ...................................................... 15,175 18,492 − 12 18,504 20,978 4,923 3 59,582

Rhode Island...................................................... −− − − − 2 − − 2

South Carolina ................................................... 15,605 −− − − 46 − − 15,651

South Dakota ..................................................... 1,698 7 − − 7 430 − − 2,135

Tennessee ........................................................... 19,316 6,336 − − 6,336 4,083 − − 29,735

Texas .................................................................. 72,323 4 − − 4 14,345 15,087 − 101,759

Utah .................................................................... 6,382 −− − − 5,337 3,355 − 15,074

Vermont ............................................................. −− − − − 2 − − 2

Virginia .............................................................. 15,802 −− − − 2,801 1,038 152 19,792

Washington ........................................................ 1,594 −− − − 8 4,622 − 6,224

West Virginia..................................................... 10,739 16,406 − − 16,406 7,696 3,733 3 38,576

Wisconsin ........................................................... 19,495 992 6,690 − 7,682 3 − − 27,180

Wyoming ........................................................... 12,387 −− − − 3,674 11,869 − 27,930

Unknown State .................................................. −− − − −− − 1,244 1,244

Foreign ............................................................... 3,829 899 11,539 63,527 75,966 391 − − 80,185

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

180 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Demand

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 181 
Domestic Markets

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 183 
184 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1

10

100

1000

10000

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units)

Total

Res/Com

Coke

Other Industrial

Electricity

Figure 9. U.S. Coal Consumption, 1989-1998

 Note: Total consumption does not include coal consumed by other power producers.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration,  Electric Utilities: Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report."

 Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report % Quarterly."  Other Industrial: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal

Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants" and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report."  Residential and

Commercial: Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report."
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1998

 Rank Company Name Plant Locations

Electric Utilities

1 Tennessee Valley Authority (AL) (KY) (TN)

2 Texas Utilities Electric Company (TX)

3 Pacificorp (UT) (WA) (WY)

4 Georgia Power Company (GA)

5 Alabama Power Company (AL)

6 Detroit Edison Company (The) (MI)

7 Houston Lighting & Power Company (TX)

8 GPU Service Corporation (PA)

9 Union Electric Company (MO)

10 Basin Electric Power (ND) (WY)

11 Duke Power Company (NC) (SC)

12 Ohio Power Company (OH) (WV)

13 PSI Energy, Inc (IN)

14 Commonwealth Edison Company (IL)

15 Virginia Electric & Power Company (VA) (WV)

16 Northern States Power Company (MN) (WI)

17 Appalachian Power Company (VA) (WV)

18 Monongahela Power Company (WV)

19 Midamerican Energy (IA)

20 Southwestern Electric Power Company (AR) (TX)

21 Arkansas Power & Light Company (AR)

22 Indiana Michigan Power Company (IN)

23 Arizona Public Service Company (AZ) (NM)

24 Carolina Power & Light Company (NC) (SC)

25 Cincinnati Gas Electric Company (KY) (OH)

26 Kansas City Power & Light Company (KS) (MO)

27 Montana Power Company (MT)

28 Wisconsin Electric Power Company (MI) (WI)

29 Public Service Company of Colorado (CO)

30 Salt River Project (AZ)

31 Oklahoma Gas & Electric Company (OK)

32 KPL - Western Resources (KS)

33 Southwestern Public Service Company (TX)

34 Associated Electric Coop (MO)

35 Northern Indiana Public Service Company (IN)

36 Pennsylvania Power & Light Company (PA)

37 Wisconsin Power & Light Company (WI)

38 Dayton Power & Light Company (The) (OH)

39 Consumers Power Company (MI)

40 Illinois Power Company (IL)

41 Tampa Electric Company (FL)

42 Indianapolis Power & Light Company (IN)

43 Kentucky Utilities Company (KY)

44 Cooperative Power Association (ND)

45 Ohio Edison Company (OH)

46 Public Service Company of New Mexico (NM)

47 Pennsylvania Power Company (PA)

48 Louisville Gas & Electric Company (KY)

49 Potomac Electric Power Company (MD) (VA)

50 Cajun Elec Power Coop Inc (LA)

51 Nebraska Public Power Dististribution (NE)

52 South Carolina Public Service Authority (SC)

53 Scana Corporation (SC)

54 Florida Power Corporation (FL)

55 Central Illinois Public Service Company (IL)

56 San Antonio Public Service Board (TX)

57 Central Louisiana Electric Company (LA)

58 Los Angeles (City of) (UT)

59 Baltimore Gas & Electric Company (MD)

60 West Penn Power Company (PA)

61 I E S Utilities Company (IA)

62 Lower Colorado River Authority (TX)

63 Electric Energy Inc (IL)

64 Tri-State G & T Association Inc (CO)

65 Mississippi Power Company (MS)

66 Omaha Public Power District (NE)

67 Southern California Edison Company (NV)

68 Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corporation (IN)

69 Columbus Southern Power Company (OH)

70 Cleveland Elec Illumination Company (OH)

71 Minnesota Power Inc (MN)

72 Cardinal Operating Company (OH)

73 Minnkota Power Coop Inc (ND)

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 185 
Table 66. Major U.S. Coal Consumers, 1998 (Continued)

 Company Name Plant Location

Top Ten Manufacturers

Aluminum Company of America (IN) (OH) (TN) (TX)

Archer Daniels Midland (IA) (IL) (MN)

Champion International Corp (AL) (FL) (ME) (MI) (MN) (NC) (NY) (OH)

Dakota Gasification Co (ND)

E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co (DE) (MS) (NC) (SC) (TN) (VA) (WV)

Eastman Chemical Company (AR) (NY) (SC) (TN) (TX)

Hoechst AG (SC) (TX) (VA)

Holnam Inc (AL) (CO) (IA) (MI) (MO) (MS) (SC) (UT) (WA)

Inland Steel Industries Inc (IN)

Westvaco Corporation (MD) (PA) (SD) (VA)

Other Major Manufacturers

A E Staley Manufacturing Co (IL) (IN) (TN)

American Crystal Sugar Co (MN) (ND)

Applied Energy Services Inc (PA)

Ash Grove Cement Company (AR) (KS) (MT) (NE) (OR) (TX) (UT)

Blue Circle Inc (AL) (GA) (NY) (OK) (SC)

Cargill Incorporated (GA) (IA) (MI) (MN) (NC) (OH) (TN) (VA)

Consolidated Papers Inc (WI)

Dravo Corporation (AL) (KY)

Elkem A/S (OH) (WV)

Florida Crushed Stone (FL)

Fort James Corporation (GA) (OK) (WI)

FMC Corporation (NC) (WV) (WY)

General Chemical Corporation (WY)

General Motors Corporation (AL) (IL) (IN) (MI) (MO) (OH) (WI)

Georgia-Pacific Corp (AR) (GA) (MI) (VA)

International Paper Company (AL) (LA) (PA) (SC) (WI)

Jefferson Smurfit Corp (AL) (FL) (IL) (IN) (OH) (PA)

Kerr-McGee Corporation (CA)

Kimberly Clark Corporation (AL) (MI) (PA) (WI)

Lafarge Corporation (IA) (IL) (KS) (MI) (MO) (PA)

Lone Star Industries, Inc (FL) (IL) (IN) (MO) (OK) (TX)

Mead Corporation (MI) (OH) (TN)

Monsanto Company (AL) (IA) (ID) (IL) (MA) (WV)

P H Glatfelter Co (NC) (PA)

PPG Industries Inc (WV)

Societe Des Ciments Francais (IN) (MD) (PA)

Solvay Minerals, Inc. (OH) (TN) (WY)

Southdown Inc (CA) (CO) (FL) (OH) (TN)

Stone Container Corporation (AZ) (FL) (MI) (SC) (VA)

Union Camp Corporation (AL) (GA) (SC) (VA)

Top Ten Coke Producers

AK Steel Corp (KY) (OH)

Bethlehem Steel Corp (IN) (MD) (NY) (PA)

Citizens Gas & Coke Utility (IN)

Drummond Company Inc (AL)

Indiana Harbor Coke Co, LP (IN)

LTV Steel Company Inc (IL) (IN) (OH) (PA)

National Steel Corp. (IL) (MI)

Sun Coal Co (VA)

USX Corporation (IN) (PA)

Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Corp (WV)

Note: Major electric utility coal consumers are companies that consumed more than 4.13 million short tons of coal in 1998. Major manufacturers are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant

sector. Electric utilities are ranked by consumption and manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, • Electric Utilities: Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’ • Manufacturers: Form EIA-3,

‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’ • Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

186 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 67. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England...................................... 5,507 7,860 7,024 6,662 6,553 7,021 −29.9 −4.3 −2.7

Connecticut ....................................... 596 1,065 931 906 862 890 −44.0 −8.8 −4.3

Maine ................................................ 141 194 234 282 464 271 −27.0 −25.7 −7.0

Massachusetts ................................... 3,189 4,891 4,477 4,113 3,932 4,641 −34.8 −5.1 −4.1

New Hampshire ................................ 1,469 1,705 1,377 1,355 1,287 1,183 −13.8 3.4 2.4

Rhode Island..................................... 2 3 3 3 3 27 −25.5 −10.1 −24.6

Vermont ............................................ 109 2 2 3 5 9 NM 117.9 32.7

Middle Atlantic .................................. 69,289 73,177 70,965 68,462 67,536 76,177 −5.3 .6 −1.0

New Jersey........................................ 2,372 2,867 2,402 2,074 1,969 3,545 −17.3 4.8 −4.4

New York ......................................... 12,379 11,719 11,337 11,062 11,474 14,105 5.6 1.9 −1.4

Pennsylvania ..................................... 54,538 58,591 57,226 55,326 54,094 58,526 −6.9 .2 −.8

East North Central............................ 234,068 233,976 229,000 217,702 213,188 205,586 * 2.4 1.4

Illinois ............................................... 44,630 47,621 44,431 39,623 39,077 32,374 −6.3 3.4 3.6

Indiana .............................................. 66,296 66,042 64,021 62,631 59,996 57,388 .4 2.5 1.6

Michigan ........................................... 38,084 35,888 36,694 35,802 35,674 34,885 6.1 1.6 1.0

Ohio .................................................. 60,338 58,933 59,835 56,580 56,711 61,016 2.4 1.6 −.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 24,720 25,491 24,019 23,066 21,731 19,922 −3.0 3.3 2.4

West North Central........................... 144,431 138,156 136,643 131,028 125,591 114,245 4.5 3.5 2.6

Iowa .................................................. 23,351 21,720 21,171 20,636 19,341 17,126 7.5 4.8 3.5

Kansas............................................... 17,736 17,673 19,084 16,521 17,158 14,963 .3 .8 1.9

Minnesota.......................................... 19,586 19,086 19,264 18,947 18,729 18,279 2.6 1.1 .8

Missouri ............................................ 38,589 36,665 34,382 31,753 27,663 26,348 5.2 8.7 4.3

Nebraska ........................................... 11,792 11,211 10,379 10,396 9,300 7,587 5.2 6.1 5.0

North Dakota .................................... 31,060 29,360 30,511 30,237 30,363 27,401 5.8 .6 1.4

South Dakota .................................... 2,316 2,442 1,852 2,537 3,036 2,541 −5.1 −6.5 −1.0

South Atlantic .................................... 173,154 170,697 165,545 155,259 151,935 153,008 1.4 3.3 1.4

Delaware ........................................... 1,773 1,866 1,956 2,011 2,226 2,357 −4.9 −5.5 −3.1

District of Columbia......................... 6 40 23 6 47 60 −84.7 −39.8 −22.4

Florida............................................... 28,827 28,719 28,443 26,526 26,082 25,447 .4 2.5 1.4

Georgia.............................................. 32,701 32,693 31,158 31,288 29,254 27,918 * 2.8 1.8

Maryland........................................... 11,789 11,262 11,366 11,198 10,491 11,541 4.7 2.9 .2

North Carolina .................................. 28,917 29,608 27,624 24,084 23,282 22,239 −2.3 5.6 3.0

South Carolina .................................. 14,649 14,111 13,852 12,279 12,993 11,981 3.8 3.0 2.3

Virginia ............................................. 15,843 15,276 14,983 13,378 12,792 14,279 3.7 5.5 1.2

West Virginia.................................... 38,649 37,122 36,139 34,489 34,767 37,186 4.1 2.7 .4

East South Central............................ 108,388 113,137 110,450 105,830 99,289 87,655 −4.2 2.2 2.4

Alabama ............................................ 36,448 36,433 37,052 34,309 31,473 27,537 * 3.7 3.2

Kentucky........................................... 39,235 42,228 40,863 39,516 38,090 32,792 −7.1 .7 2.0

Mississippi ........................................ 5,897 6,273 5,791 4,606 4,285 3,831 −6.0 8.3 4.9

Tennessee.......................................... 26,808 28,203 26,744 27,399 25,440 23,496 −4.9 1.3 1.5

West South Central........................... 147,470 150,348 146,472 139,106 138,251 130,093 −1.9 1.6 1.4

Arkansas............................................ 14,563 14,069 14,816 13,540 12,596 11,547 3.5 3.7 2.6

Louisiana........................................... 13,891 13,874 12,534 13,357 14,100 12,471 .1 −.4 1.2

Oklahoma.......................................... 19,585 21,109 20,125 19,596 17,726 15,086 −7.2 2.5 2.9

Texas................................................. 99,430 101,297 98,997 92,612 93,829 90,989 −1.8 1.5 1.0

Mountain ............................................ 117,745 111,389 107,226 107,923 115,695 106,212 5.7 .4 1.1

Arizona.............................................. 19,014 18,205 16,792 16,682 19,580 16,871 4.4 −.7 1.3

Colorado............................................ 18,033 17,960 17,222 16,971 17,475 16,393 .4 .8 1.1

Idaho ................................................. 479 361 397 465 534 533 32.8 −2.7 −1.2

Montana ............................................ 10,724 9,517 8,032 10,005 11,089 10,458 12.7 −.8 .3

Nevada .............................................. 8,170 7,440 7,604 7,340 7,968 7,667 9.8 .6 .7

New Mexico ..................................... 15,963 15,887 15,297 15,221 15,374 15,295 .5 .9 .5

Utah................................................... 16,600 15,923 15,237 15,307 16,216 15,044 4.2 .6 1.1

Wyoming .......................................... 28,763 26,096 26,646 25,933 27,459 23,952 10.2 1.2 2.0

Pacific .................................................. 11,979 8,885 10,008 8,908 12,162 9,120 34.8 −.4 3.1

Alaska ............................................... 693 740 706 815 796 299 −6.3 −3.4 9.8

California .......................................... 2,803 2,134 2,317 2,618 2,498 2,551 31.3 2.9 1.0

Hawaii............................................... 167 145 169 192 86 32 15.2 18.2 20.1

Oregon .............................................. 2,074 917 1,134 1,125 2,479 396 126.1 −4.4 20.2

Washington ....................................... 6,241 4,948 5,682 4,158 6,303 5,843 26.1 −.2 .7

Other Power Producers.................... 26,941 21,603 22,239 21,158 21,260 − 24.7 6.1 −

U.S. Total............................................ 1,038,972 1,029,229 1,005,573 962,039 951,461 889,699 0.9 2.2 1.7

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Regional totals for 1989 may not sum to the U.S. total due to distribution to unknown State.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; and for 1997 and prior years, Form EIA-867, ‘‘Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report’’, and for 1998 Form EIA-860B, ‘‘Annual Electric Generator Report - Nonutility.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 187 
188 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1

10

100

1000

Million Short Tons (Logarithmic Units)

Total

Other Industrial & Coke

Electricity

Figure 10. U.S. Consumer Coal Stocks, 1989-1998

 Note: Each increment represents end-of-year data. Industrial stocks reflect manufacturing

plants and coke plants.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration,  Electric Utilities: Form EIA-759, "Monthly

Power Plant Report."  Industrial: Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly" and Form EIA3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants."
Table 68. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ w 816 1,297 969 1,117 1,088 w w w

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − 28 −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − * −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 9,057 8,658 8,857 10,303 12,060 11,870 4.6 −6.9 −2.9

East North Central Total ................. 36,808 30,794 30,815 33,818 35,833 38,922 19.5 .7 −.6

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 8,989 6,643 7,955 9,298 11,707 9,398 35.3 −6.4 −.5

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 6,175 6,324 5,428 5,936 7,815 7,055 −2.3 −5.7 −1.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 4,969 4,427 4,459 3,656 3,436 4,178 12.2 9.6 1.9

West North Central Total ................ 19,029 14,833 18,327 18,713 17,717 20,339 28.3 1.8 −.7

Iowa .................................................. 4,261 2,944 4,612 4,447 4,178 4,575 44.7 .5 −.8

Kansas............................................... 3,187 2,298 2,984 3,860 2,623 3,284 38.7 5.0 −.3

Minnesota.......................................... 2,394 1,994 1,738 1,985 2,234 2,143 20.0 1.7 1.2

Missouri ............................................ 5,159 3,851 5,317 4,779 4,570 4,455 33.9 3.1 1.6

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 4,649 3,508 3,438 3,268 3,914 4,490 32.5 4.4 .4

Georgia.............................................. 3,566 2,407 3,848 3,786 4,843 5,181 48.1 −7.4 −4.1

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 3,751 2,024 2,671 2,855 4,318 2,996 85.3 −3.5 2.5

South Carolina .................................. 2,743 2,021 2,177 2,194 2,533 2,164 35.7 2.0 2.7

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 3,577 2,971 2,858 3,648 4,132 4,189 20.4 −3.5 −1.7

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 2,347 1,826 1,500 1,884 1,764 3,110 28.5 7.4 −3.1

West South Central Total ................ 14,750 11,344 19,886 20,564 15,959 17,674 30.0 −1.9 −2.0

Arkansas............................................ 1,124 954 2,719 2,820 1,777 2,152 17.8 −10.8 −7.0

Louisiana........................................... 2,181 1,258 2,480 2,669 1,922 2,751 73.4 3.2 −2.5

Oklahoma.......................................... 3,438 2,592 4,210 4,246 2,467 2,904 32.6 8.6 1.9

Texas................................................. 8,007 6,540 10,477 10,829 9,793 9,866 22.4 −4.9 −2.3

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona.............................................. 1,925 1,414 2,024 3,032 3,242 3,411 36.1 −12.2 −6.1

Colorado............................................ 2,862 2,476 3,054 3,682 3,145 3,970 15.6 −2.3 −3.6

Idaho ................................................. 126 105 77 118 78 123 19.6 12.7 .3

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 1,320 1,555 2,267 2,936 2,553 3,410 −15.1 −15.2 −10.0

Pacific Total ....................................... 1,301 1,163 1,274 2,586 877 1,730 11.8 10.4 −3.1

Alaska ............................................... − * 1 1 2 3 −− −

California .......................................... 188 118 150 133 126 160 59.3 10.6 1.8

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... w 882 857 1,969 569 1,054 −.8 11.4 −2.0

U.S. Total............................................ 128,072 106,401 122,979 134,639 136,139 146,087 20.4 −1.5 −1.4

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Stocks for the residential and commercial sector are not included. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form

EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 189 
Table 69. Coal Consumption at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division and State,

1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ 5,183 7,583 6,701 6,272 5,945 6,510 −31.6 −3.4 −2.5

Connecticut ....................................... 590 1,058 925 881 821 877 −44.3 −7.9 −4.3

Massachusetts ................................... 3,128 4,826 4,406 4,044 3,845 4,474 −35.2 −5.0 −3.9

New Hampshire ................................ 1,465 1,699 1,369 1,346 1,279 1,160 −13.8 3.5 2.6

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 54,738 54,179 51,718 49,357 48,326 56,642 1.0 3.2 −.4

New Jersey........................................ 2,357 2,851 2,387 2,054 1,887 3,244 −17.3 5.7 −3.5

New York ......................................... 9,410 8,726 8,254 8,051 8,395 10,158 7.8 2.9 −.8

Pennsylvania ..................................... 42,971 42,603 41,076 39,252 38,044 43,241 .9 3.1 −.1

East North Central Total ................. 204,721 204,251 198,900 187,490 183,282 166,437 .2 2.8 2.3

Illinois ............................................... 38,255 41,017 38,090 33,463 32,599 25,758 −6.7 4.1 4.5

Indiana .............................................. 55,086 54,845 52,855 52,089 50,554 42,378 .4 2.2 2.9

Michigan ........................................... 34,021 31,928 32,175 31,165 31,106 29,972 6.5 2.3 1.4

Ohio .................................................. 54,455 52,893 53,543 49,785 49,326 50,479 2.9 2.5 .8

Wisconsin.......................................... 22,903 23,568 22,236 20,987 19,696 17,851 −2.8 3.8 2.8

West North Central Total ................ 130,374 123,968 122,419 116,720 111,672 101,213 5.2 3.9 2.8

Iowa .................................................. 20,031 18,195 17,864 17,785 16,565 14,598 10.1 4.9 3.6

Kansas............................................... 17,627 17,534 18,853 16,345 16,989 14,774 .5 .9 2.0

Minnesota.......................................... 17,902 17,490 17,459 17,282 17,046 17,056 2.3 1.2 .5

Missouri ............................................ 37,165 35,193 33,059 30,440 26,375 24,663 5.6 8.9 4.7

Nebraska ........................................... 11,505 10,796 10,091 10,048 8,879 7,303 6.6 6.7 5.2

North Dakota .................................... 24,278 22,754 23,640 22,680 23,248 20,538 6.7 1.1 1.9

South Dakota .................................... 1,866 2,005 1,453 2,137 2,570 2,281 −6.9 −7.7 −2.2

South Atlantic Total.......................... 157,764 155,499 149,354 138,134 133,984 132,285 1.4 4.2 2.0

Delaware ........................................... 1,592 1,686 1,787 1,816 2,007 2,128 −5.5 −5.6 −3.2

Florida............................................... 27,542 27,372 27,172 25,200 24,758 24,292 .6 2.7 1.4

Georgia.............................................. 30,731 30,631 29,171 29,280 27,293 25,839 .3 3.0 1.9

Maryland........................................... 10,968 10,417 10,540 10,141 9,717 9,074 5.3 3.1 2.1

North Carolina .................................. 26,834 27,206 25,083 21,424 20,624 19,516 −1.4 6.8 3.6

South Carolina .................................. 12,664 12,096 11,833 10,074 10,597 9,472 4.7 4.5 3.3

Virginia ............................................. 12,300 11,605 10,994 9,543 8,670 9,573 6.0 9.1 2.8

West Virginia.................................... 35,132 34,487 32,775 30,657 30,318 32,391 1.9 3.8 .9

East South Central Total.................. 96,320 99,620 96,809 92,262 85,622 73,842 −3.3 3.0 3.0

Alabama ............................................ 31,474 30,840 31,216 28,759 25,817 21,884 2.0 5.1 4.1

Kentucky........................................... 35,842 38,281 37,072 35,707 34,564 29,109 −6.4 .9 2.3

Mississippi ........................................ 5,684 6,035 5,558 4,319 3,989 3,566 −5.8 9.3 5.3

Tennessee.......................................... 23,320 24,464 22,964 23,477 21,253 19,283 −4.7 2.3 2.1

West South Central Total ................ 141,671 144,218 140,493 132,633 131,168 124,171 −1.8 1.9 1.5

Arkansas............................................ 14,277 13,772 14,467 13,216 12,250 11,278 3.7 3.9 2.6

Louisiana........................................... 13,850 13,807 12,450 12,930 13,479 11,770 .3 .7 1.8

Oklahoma.......................................... 18,883 20,101 19,386 18,130 16,961 14,423 −6.0 2.7 3.0

Texas................................................. 94,661 96,537 94,189 88,358 88,479 86,701 −1.9 1.7 1.0

Mountain Total.................................. 111,787 105,216 101,507 101,013 108,651 99,670 6.2 .7 1.3

Arizona.............................................. 18,316 17,503 16,117 16,021 18,853 16,182 4.6 −.7 1.4

Colorado............................................ 17,663 17,116 16,841 16,222 16,596 15,686 3.2 1.6 1.3

Montana ............................................ 10,627 9,286 7,897 9,373 10,513 10,208 14.4 .3 .4

Nevada .............................................. 7,961 7,261 7,424 7,084 7,772 7,487 9.6 .6 .7

New Mexico ..................................... 15,883 15,802 15,215 15,137 15,297 15,250 .5 .9 .4

Utah................................................... 14,664 14,252 13,584 13,325 14,269 12,949 2.9 .7 1.4

Wyoming .......................................... 26,674 23,997 24,430 23,850 25,350 21,908 11.1 1.3 2.2

Pacific Total ....................................... 8,309 5,827 6,780 5,127 8,621 6,118 42.6 −.9 3.4

Alaska ............................................... 162 235 229 293 271 299 −31.1 −12.1 −6.6

Oregon .............................................. 2,037 821 1,044 977 2,333 306 148.0 −3.3 23.4

Washington ....................................... 6,111 4,770 5,507 3,857 6,016 5,514 28.1 .4 1.1

U.S. Total............................................ 910,867 900,361 874,681 829,007 817,270 766,888 1.2 2.7 1.9

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

190 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 70. Year-End Coal Stocks at Electric Utility Plants by Census Division

and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ 575 754 1,236 908 1,079 1,058 −23.7 −14.6 −6.5

Connecticut ....................................... 134 66 173 164 202 145 103.0 −9.7 −.9

Massachusetts ................................... 163 389 704 425 629 642 −58.1 −28.6 −14.1

New Hampshire ................................ 278 298 359 319 248 243 −7.0 2.9 1.5

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − 28 −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 10,232 9,175 9,606 11,064 12,687 12,934 11.5 −5.2 −2.6

New Jersey........................................ 663 566 824 804 688 632 17.1 −.9 .5

New York ......................................... 1,128 819 905 1,015 999 1,233 37.7 3.1 −1.0

Pennsylvania ..................................... 8,441 7,790 7,878 9,244 11,000 11,069 8.3 −6.4 −3.0

East North Central Total ................. 34,128 28,051 27,618 30,505 32,088 34,948 21.7 1.5 −.3

Illinois ............................................... 6,572 4,828 4,578 5,331 4,526 8,204 36.1 9.8 −2.4

Indiana .............................................. 8,198 5,822 7,103 8,435 10,449 8,043 40.8 −5.9 .2

Michigan ........................................... 8,776 7,222 6,530 7,708 6,505 8,185 21.5 7.8 .8

Ohio .................................................. 5,902 6,066 5,229 5,661 7,499 6,607 −2.7 −5.8 −1.2

Wisconsin.......................................... 4,679 4,113 4,178 3,371 3,109 3,909 13.8 10.8 2.0

West North Central Total ................ 17,961 13,707 17,107 17,732 16,739 19,356 31.0 1.8 −.8

Iowa .................................................. 3,788 2,447 4,042 3,923 3,642 4,044 54.8 1.0 −.7

Kansas............................................... 3,168 2,282 2,968 3,850 2,610 3,266 38.8 5.0 −.3

Minnesota.......................................... 2,093 1,737 1,461 1,898 2,134 2,052 20.5 −.5 .2

Missouri ............................................ 5,032 3,670 5,159 4,641 4,410 4,275 37.1 3.3 1.8

Nebraska ........................................... 2,096 1,596 1,691 1,409 1,276 1,685 31.3 13.2 2.4

North Dakota .................................... 1,580 1,755 1,642 1,858 2,406 3,731 −9.9 −10.0 −9.1

South Dakota .................................... 204 219 143 153 259 303 −7.3 −5.8 −4.3

South Atlantic Total.......................... 20,938 16,141 18,662 18,851 23,226 20,493 29.7 −2.5 .2

Delaware ........................................... 470 319 322 363 470 259 47.6 * 6.8

Florida............................................... 4,565 3,441 3,349 3,204 3,813 4,383 32.7 4.6 .4

Georgia.............................................. 3,424 2,279 3,727 3,657 4,699 5,040 50.3 −7.6 −4.2

Maryland........................................... 1,157 1,188 1,346 1,038 1,306 1,046 −2.7 −3.0 1.1

North Carolina .................................. 3,622 1,912 2,559 2,715 4,139 2,795 89.5 −3.3 2.9

South Carolina .................................. 2,539 1,809 1,979 2,033 2,255 1,873 40.3 3.0 3.4

Virginia ............................................. 1,370 1,152 1,010 1,098 2,064 1,368 18.9 −9.7 *

West Virginia.................................... 3,791 4,042 4,370 4,744 4,479 3,729 −6.2 −4.1 .2

East South Central Total.................. 10,808 9,329 8,514 10,148 10,317 11,651 15.8 1.2 −.8

Alabama ............................................ 3,195 2,609 2,526 3,282 3,652 3,721 22.5 −3.3 −1.7

Kentucky........................................... 4,668 4,475 4,119 4,472 4,466 4,299 4.3 1.1 .9

Mississippi ........................................ 820 614 602 724 690 754 33.6 4.4 .9

Tennessee.......................................... 2,124 1,630 1,266 1,670 1,509 2,875 30.3 8.9 −3.3

West South Central Total ................ 14,396 11,050 19,525 20,195 15,520 16,917 30.3 −1.9 −1.8

Arkansas............................................ 1,107 934 2,701 2,790 1,751 2,134 18.4 −10.8 −7.0

Louisiana........................................... 2,157 1,248 2,470 2,659 1,872 2,627 72.8 3.6 −2.2

Oklahoma.......................................... 3,349 2,516 4,067 4,118 2,319 2,826 33.1 9.6 1.9

Texas................................................. 7,784 6,352 10,287 10,628 9,578 9,329 22.5 −5.0 −2.0

Mountain Total.................................. 10,404 9,667 11,304 14,562 14,559 17,035 7.6 −8.0 −5.3

Arizona.............................................. 1,855 1,386 1,992 2,998 3,197 3,367 33.9 −12.7 −6.4

Colorado............................................ 2,840 2,458 3,027 3,622 3,118 3,921 15.5 −2.3 −3.5

Montana ............................................ 335 410 508 511 517 813 −18.3 −10.3 −9.4

Nevada .............................................. 881 812 1,239 1,356 1,034 993 8.5 −3.9 −1.3

New Mexico ..................................... 789 795 815 967 1,462 1,403 −.8 −14.3 −6.2

Utah................................................... 2,461 2,309 1,526 2,250 2,753 3,202 6.6 −2.8 −2.9

Wyoming .......................................... 1,243 1,498 2,197 2,857 2,476 3,337 −17.0 −15.8 −10.4

Pacific Total ....................................... 1,060 952 1,052 2,341 683 1,469 11.4 11.6 −3.5

Alaska ............................................... − * 1 1 2 3 −− −

Oregon .............................................. 196 83 203 399 150 480 135.9 7.0 −9.5

Washington ....................................... 864 868 848 1,941 531 986 −.4 12.9 −1.4

U.S. Total............................................ 120,501 98,826 114,623 126,304 126,897 135,860 21.9 −1.3 −1.3

* Data round to zero.

R Revised Data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 191 
Table 71. Coal Consumption at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and

State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ w 226 268 321 553 406 w w w

Connecticut ....................................... − − − www −− −

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − *ww −− −

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − w w −− −

Vermont ............................................ 107 −−− w w − − 42.5

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 5,157 w w w w w w w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w 1,419 1,449 1,408 1,559 1,993 w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 3,618 4,410 4,466 4,027 4,044 3,995 −17.9 −2.7 −1.1

East North Central Total ................. 15,753 16,989 17,113 16,566 17,098 19,086 −7.3 −2.0 −2.1

Illinois ............................................... 3,813 3,863 3,740 3,653 4,187 3,770 −1.3 −2.3 .1

Indiana .............................................. 4,395 5,086 4,987 4,373 4,244 4,738 −13.6 .9 −.8

Michigan ........................................... 2,190 2,415 2,914 2,983 2,890 3,798 −9.3 −6.7 −5.9

Ohio .................................................. 3,666 3,863 3,794 3,609 3,794 4,727 −5.1 −.8 −2.8

Wisconsin.......................................... 1,689 1,761 1,678 1,949 1,984 2,053 −4.1 −3.9 −2.1

West North Central Total ................ 13,452 13,182 13,415 13,581 13,238 12,168 2.0 .4 1.1

Iowa .................................................. 3,040 3,151 3,085 2,761 2,735 2,351 −3.5 2.7 2.9

Kansas............................................... 109 137 154 138 137 183 −20.0 −5.5 −5.6

Minnesota.......................................... 1,642 1,490 1,649 1,401 1,455 972 10.2 3.1 6.0

Missouri ............................................ 1,258 1,206 1,118 1,102 1,070 1,436 4.3 4.1 −1.5

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... 450 436 398 393 451 257 3.3 * 6.4

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 1,279 1,347 1,270 1,325 1,303 1,154 −5.1 −.5 1.1

Georgia.............................................. 1,959 2,046 1,985 1,949 1,933 2,067 −4.2 .3 −.6

Maryland........................................... 768 790 785 760 738 685 −2.8 1.0 1.3

North Carolina .................................. 1,883 2,210 2,336 2,437 2,396 2,570 −14.8 −5.8 −3.4

South Carolina .................................. 1,962 2,014 2,000 2,188 2,334 2,491 −2.6 −4.3 −2.6

Virginia ............................................. 2,354 2,502 2,613 2,585 2,838 3,576 −5.9 −4.6 −4.5

West Virginia.................................... 1,613 1,652 1,630 1,984 2,637 2,712 −2.3 −11.5 −5.6

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 2,562 2,565 2,545 2,286 2,394 2,275 −.1 1.7 1.3

Kentucky........................................... 1,829 2,251 2,322 2,250 1,994 2,168 −18.8 −2.1 −1.9

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 3,463 3,608 3,670 3,777 4,097 3,924 −4.0 −4.1 −1.4

West South Central Total ................ 5,784 5,839 5,978 6,456 7,082 5,905 −.9 −4.9 −.2

Arkansas............................................ 287 297 348 325 346 267 −3.4 −4.6 .8

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas................................................. 4,755 4,759 4,808 4,255 5,350 4,275 −.1 −2.9 1.2

Mountain Total.................................. w 4,702 4,141 5,615 5,614 4,789 w w w

Arizona.............................................. 698 702 675 657 727 689 −.6 −1.0 .1

Colorado............................................ 353 780 367 729 857 643 −54.8 −19.9 −6.4

Idaho ................................................. 421 w w w w w w w w

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 852 527 512 915 835 686 61.5 .5 2.4

Wyoming .......................................... 1,929 1,959 1,835 1,937 1,867 1,908 −1.5 .8 .1

Pacific Total ....................................... 3,010 2,424 2,553 3,047 2,769 2,895 24.2 2.1 .4

Alaska ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

California .......................................... 2,688 2,026 2,140 2,485 2,332 2,540 32.7 3.6 .6

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... w 156 152 223 201 238 w w w

U.S. Total............................................ 68,120 70,599 70,941 73,055 75,179 76,134 −3.5 −2.4 −1.2

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Regional totals for 1989 may not sum to the U.S. total due to distribution of coal to unknown State.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

192 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 72. Year-End Coal Stocks at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division

and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ w 62 60 60 38 30 w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w ww w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w 255 192 203 250 348 w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... w 220 231 218 298 287 w w w

East North Central Total ................. 1,730 1,926 1,862 2,031 2,462 2,479 −10.2 −8.4 −3.9

Illinois ............................................... 290 237 252 333 426 435 22.1 −9.2 −4.4

Indiana .............................................. 306 379 384 451 690 606 −19.3 −18.4 −7.3

Michigan ........................................... 674 825 827 822 865 936 −18.4 −6.1 −3.6

Ohio .................................................. 171 170 118 138 153 232 .2 2.8 −3.3

Wisconsin.......................................... 290 314 281 286 328 269 −7.7 −3.0 .8

West North Central Total ................ 1,069 1,126 1,220 981 978 983 −5.1 2.2 .9

Iowa .................................................. 473 497 570 524 535 531 −4.9 −3.1 −1.3

Kansas............................................... 19 16 16 10 13 18 18.6 9.0 .3

Minnesota.......................................... 301 257 277 87 99 91 17.1 31.9 14.2

Missouri ............................................ 127 182 158 138 159 179 −29.9 −5.4 −3.7

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... 27 24 17 58 20 8 10.6 7.6 14.8

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 84 67 89 64 101 107 25.2 −4.3 −2.6

Georgia.............................................. 142 128 121 129 144 141 10.5 −.3 .1

Maryland........................................... 21 16 30 24 36 46 32.8 −12.4 −8.3

North Carolina .................................. 128 112 112 140 179 201 14.7 −8.0 −4.8

South Carolina .................................. 203 212 198 160 278 291 −3.9 −7.5 −3.9

Virginia ............................................. 120 149 133 177 217 326 −19.3 −13.7 −10.5

West Virginia.................................... 125 116 136 105 130 159 7.2 −1.0 −2.6

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 188 174 135 133 183 154 8.3 .7 2.2

Kentucky........................................... 76 86 83 120 112 112 −12.1 −9.2 −4.2

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 223 196 234 215 256 233 13.6 −3.4 −.5

West South Central Total ................ 354 294 361 370 439 736 20.4 −5.3 −7.8

Arkansas............................................ 17 20 18 29 26 17 −12.6 −9.4 −.1

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas................................................. 223 188 190 201 215 517 18.4 .8 −8.9

Mountain Total.................................. 320 228 231 313 267 408 40.3 4.7 −2.7

Arizona.............................................. 70 28 32 34 45 44 146.5 11.8 5.3

Colorado............................................ 23 18 27 59 26 50 25.1 −3.6 −8.5

Idaho ................................................. 126 w w w w w w w w

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... 5 3 5 7 13 83 81.2 −21.3 −26.7

Wyoming .......................................... 77 57 71 79 77 74 35.8 .1 .5

Pacific Total ....................................... 241 212 222 245 194 261 13.7 5.6 −.9

California .......................................... 188 118 150 133 126 160 59.3 10.6 1.8

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 10 14 8 28 38 68 −23.6 −27.4 −18.7

U.S. Total............................................ 5,545 5,597 5,688 5,702 6,585 7,363 −.9 −4.2 −3.1

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Other industrial plants include manufacturing plants only. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 193 
Table 73. Coal Carbonized at Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 8,401 w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... w 10,334 10,689 10,858 10,849 9,877 w w w

East North Central Total ................. 12,322 11,366 11,414 12,345 11,356 18,507 8.4 2.1 −4.4

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. w 5,715 5,823 5,883 4,841 9,754 w w w

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. w 1,848 1,842 2,777 3,092 5,265 w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − w −− −

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. 3,736 w w w w w w w w

Alabama ............................................ w 2,956 3,247 3,257 3,253 3,314 w w w

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w −− −

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ 28,189 30,203 31,706 33,011 31,740 40,508 −6.7 −2.9 −3.9

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Table 74. Year-End Coal Stocks at Coke Plants by Census Division and State,

1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 584 w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... w 648 748 841 762 514 w w w

East North Central Total ................. 951 817 1,335 1,282 1,282 1,496 16.3 −7.2 −4.9

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. w 442 469 412 567 749 w w w

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. w 87 81 136 163 217 w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − w −− −

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. 341 w w w w w w w w

Alabama ............................................ w 188 197 233 297 314 w w w

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w −− −

West South Central Total ................ −−−−− 21 −− −

Texas................................................. − − − − − 21 −− −

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ 2,026 1,978 2,667 2,632 2,657 2,864 2.4 −6.5 −3.8

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

194 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 75. Coal Consumption by Residential and Commercial Sector, by Census

Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ w 51 55 69 56 105 w w w

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Vermont ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 993 1,504 1,285 1,416 1,351 1,727 −34.0 −7.4 −6.0

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 841 1,244 995 1,188 1,156 1,413 −32.4 −7.6 −5.6

East North Central Total ................. 1,272 1,370 1,574 1,301 1,452 1,556 −7.2 −3.3 −2.2

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 371 395 356 287 356 518 −6.2 1.0 −3.6

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 391 329 656 409 498 545 18.9 −5.9 −3.6

Wisconsin.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West North Central Total ................ w w w w w ww w w

Iowa .................................................. 279 374 222 90 40 176 −25.3 62.1 5.3

Kansas............................................... * 2 78 38 32 6 −99.0 −83.5 −45.7

Minnesota.......................................... 42 105 156 264 229 251 −60.4 −34.7 −18.1

Missouri ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... 640 598 803 954 887 649 6.9 −7.8 −.1

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

District of Columbia......................... 6 40 23 6 47 60 −84.7 −39.8 −22.4

Florida ............................................... 6 − 1 1 20 * − −27.4 37.7

Georgia.............................................. 11 17 3 59 28 13 −33.9 −21.3 −1.7

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 200 192 206 224 263 153 4.3 −6.5 3.0

South Carolina .................................. 23 1 19 17 61 17 NM −21.9 3.2

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. 266 557 272 283 386 505 −52.3 −8.9 −6.9

Alabama ............................................ 9 73 44 7 11 63 −87.0 −2.9 −19.0

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ w * − − w w − w w

Tennessee.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West South Central Total ................ 15 291 1 17 1 17 −94.8 81.5 −1.2

Arkansas ............................................ * * − − * 3 − −47.7 −41.9

Louisiana ........................................... w * w 5 w w − w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas ................................................. 14 * − − * 13 257.1 277.7 1.1

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona .............................................. * * * 5 * * 73.5 39.0 2.8

Colorado............................................ 18 65 13 20 23 64 −72.7 −6.3 −13.3

Idaho ................................................. 58 30 28 39 40 81 90.8 9.4 −3.7

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 159 140 382 146 242 136 13.3 −9.9 1.7

Pacific Total ....................................... 659 634 675 734 773 107 4.0 −3.9 22.3

Alaska ............................................... 530 503 474 523 520 − 5.4 .5 −

California .......................................... 115 109 177 133 166 11 6.3 −8.7 29.7

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... 14 22 23 78 86 90 −36.5 −36.8 −18.9

U.S. Total............................................ 4,856 6,463 6,006 5,807 6,013 6,167 −24.9 −5.2 −2.6

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Regional totals for 1989 may not sum to the U.S. total due to distribution of coal to unknown State.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 195 
Foreign Markets

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 197 
198 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Million Short Tons

Total

Europe

Japan

Canada

Figure 11. U.S. Coal Exports, 1989-1998

 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM-545."
Table 76. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... 22,316 16,947 13,609 10,411 9,505 16,943 31.7 23.8 3.1

Canada1 ............................................ 20,654 14,975 12,029 9,427 9,193 16,777 37.9 22.4 2.3

Mexico .............................................. 1,543 1,899 1,509 871 241 63 −18.7 59.1 42.6

Other2 ............................................... 119 73 72 113 71 102 64.5 13.8 1.7

South America Total......................... 7,034 8,214 7,505 6,968 5,946 7,384 −14.4 4.3 −.5

Argentina .......................................... 324 325 304 342 453 742 −.4 −8.0 −8.8

Brazil................................................. 6,475 7,455 6,540 6,351 5,482 5,681 −13.1 4.3 1.5

Chile .................................................. 51 146 574 227 * 943 −65.1 382.2 −27.7

Venezuela.......................................... 90 200 45 22 12 18 −54.9 66.6 19.4

Other2 ............................................... 95 89 42 27 * 1 6.4 317.5 63.0

Europe Total ...................................... 33,773 41,331 47,193 48,620 35,825 51,604 −18.3 −1.5 −4.6

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 3,195 4,319 4,569 4,501 4,911 7,094 −26.0 −10.2 −8.5

Bulgaria............................................. 989 1,114 1,387 1,339 1,238 96 −11.2 −5.4 29.5

Denmark............................................ 274 350 1,316 2,100 477 3,178 −21.6 −12.9 −23.8

Finland .............................................. 463 662 704 1,308 377 104 −30.0 5.3 18.1

France................................................ 3,192 3,398 3,852 3,659 2,875 6,517 −6.1 2.6 −7.6

Germany, FR .................................... 1,247 870 1,055 1,953 323 745 43.3 40.1 5.9

Iceland............................................... 39 54 62 39 7 64 −27.3 52.6 −5.4

Ireland ............................................... 1,150 637 765 914 974 1,248 80.5 4.2 −.9

Italy ................................................... 5,317 7,019 9,204 9,063 7,543 11,240 −24.2 −8.4 −8.0

Netherlands ....................................... 4,516 4,825 7,058 7,301 4,874 6,076 −6.4 −1.9 −3.2

Norway.............................................. 93 96 85 120 87 141 −3.3 1.8 −4.5

Portugal............................................. 746 1,470 1,803 1,752 1,057 1,424 −49.3 −8.3 −6.9

Romania ............................................ 1,097 2,244 1,512 1,984 1,553 1,562 −51.1 −8.3 −3.8

Spain ................................................. 3,156 4,134 4,093 4,653 4,132 3,339 −23.6 −6.5 −.6

Sweden.............................................. 757 834 1,070 1,117 702 734 −9.2 1.9 .3

Turkey............................................... 1,592 2,092 2,167 2,011 1,335 1,686 −23.9 4.5 −.6

United Kingdom ............................... 5,947 7,185 6,196 4,726 3,363 4,513 −17.2 15.3 3.1

Other2 ............................................... 3 29 296 78 * 1,843 −91.2 62.9 −51.9

Asia Total ........................................... 12,311 14,498 17,980 19,095 17,957 22,734 −15.1 −9.0 −6.6 R China (Mainland).............................. 1 126 − * − −−99.5 − −

China (Taiwan)................................. 1,519 2,241 2,441 2,533 3,374 4,497 −32.2 −18.1 −11.3

Israel.................................................. 527 593 1,202 760 864 487 −11.1 −11.6 .9

Japan ................................................. 7,734 7,974 10,529 11,787 10,158 13,846 −3.0 −6.6 −6.3

Korea, Republic of ........................... 2,453 3,489 3,773 4,012 3,558 3,836 −29.7 −8.9 −4.8 R Other2 ............................................... 77 75 36 2 3 68 3.2 119.6 1.4

Oceania & Australia Total............... 5 1 1 * 1 * 487.3 72.4 29.0

Other2 ............................................... 5 1 1 * 1 * 487.3 72.4 29.0

Africa Total........................................ 2,609 2,554 4,184 3,453 2,124 2,149 2.1 5.3 2.2

Algeria .............................................. 343 264 177 220 355 740 29.9 −.8 −8.2

Egypt................................................. 891 1,130 1,038 1,235 1,048 585 −21.2 −4.0 4.8

Morocco ............................................ 68 142 1,650 1,212 83 824 −52.0 −5.0 −24.2

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 1,299 987 1,320 786 638 − 31.6 19.5 −

Other2 ............................................... 8 31 − − − * −75.3 − 55.9

Total .................................................... 78,048 83,545 90,473 88,547 71,359 100,815 −6.6 2.3 −2.8

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1997.

* Data round to zero.

R Revised data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 199 
Table 77. U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... 4,947 5,355 6,500 4,776 4,246 6,838 −7.6 3.9 −3.5

Canada1 ............................................ 4,927 4,891 6,030 4,452 4,032 6,820 .7 5.1 −3.5

Mexico .............................................. 20 463 470 324 214 − −95.6 −44.4 −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 19 − −−100.0

South America Total......................... 6,822 7,641 6,814 6,778 5,926 6,445 −10.7 3.6 .6

Argentina .......................................... 303 277 291 336 449 741 9.2 −9.4 −9.5

Brazil................................................. 6,458 7,364 6,445 6,336 5,477 5,675 −12.3 4.2 1.4

Chile.................................................. − − 78 106 − 29 − −−100.0

Venezuela.......................................... − − * − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 60 − − − − −− − −

Europe Total ...................................... 26,002 28,802 28,253 27,282 25,245 34,870 −9.7 .7 −3.2

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 2,925 3,372 3,445 3,468 3,706 6,099 −13.3 −5.7 −7.8

Bulgaria............................................. 989 1,114 1,214 1,339 1,184 48 −11.2 −4.4 40.0

Denmark............................................ − − − − − 128 − −−100.0

Finland .............................................. 463 501 540 724 311 102 −7.6 10.5 18.3

France................................................ 3,103 3,056 3,084 3,155 2,816 4,841 1.5 2.4 −4.8

Germany, FR .................................... 380 650 538 231 288 517 −41.5 7.2 −3.3

Iceland............................................... 39 54 54 39 7 18 −27.3 52.6 8.7

Ireland ............................................... − 121 − − − 169 −100.0 − −100.0

Italy ................................................... 4,554 4,581 5,293 4,504 5,045 6,662 −.6 −2.5 −4.1

Netherlands ....................................... 4,115 4,114 4,142 3,978 3,231 3,138 * 6.2 3.0

Norway.............................................. 86 90 61 92 73 93 −4.1 4.0 −.8

Portugal............................................. 278 214 174 30 − 353 29.9 − −2.6

Romania ............................................ 1,097 2,148 1,512 1,685 663 1,558 −48.9 13.4 −3.8

Spain ................................................. 2,398 2,251 2,103 2,178 2,656 3,139 6.5 −2.5 −2.9

Sweden.............................................. 757 834 987 1,109 702 530 −9.2 1.9 4.0

Turkey............................................... 1,589 2,087 2,027 1,806 1,335 1,686 −23.8 4.4 −.6

United Kingdom ............................... 3,228 3,615 3,081 2,932 3,228 4,191 −10.7 * −2.9

Other2 ............................................... − * − 13 − 1,597 −100.0 − −100.0

Asia Total ........................................... 6,788 7,978 8,814 11,014 9,877 15,621 −14.9 −8.9 −8.8

China (Taiwan)................................. 345 555 376 370 296 800 −37.8 3.9 −8.9

Israel .................................................. 73 137 265 141 − 149 −46.3 − −7.6

Japan ................................................. 4,329 4,791 5,552 7,929 7,195 11,449 −9.6 −11.9 −10.2

Korea, Republic of ........................... 2,029 2,472 2,597 2,574 2,386 3,162 −17.9 −4.0 −4.8

Other2 ............................................... 12 23 24 − − 60 −48.0 − −16.3

Oceania & Australia Total............... 3 − − − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 3 − − − − −− − −

Africa Total........................................ 2,532 2,379 2,570 2,239 2,040 1,353 6.4 5.5 7.2

Algeria .............................................. 343 264 177 220 355 740 29.9 −.8 −8.2

Egypt................................................. 890 1,128 1,037 1,233 1,047 585 −21.1 −4.0 4.8

Morocco ............................................ − − 37 − − 28 − −−100.0

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 1,299 987 1,320 786 638 − 31.6 19.5 −

Total .................................................... 47,093 52,154 52,950 52,089 47,334 65,128 −9.7 −.1 −3.5

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1997.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

200 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 78. U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... 17,368 11,592 7,110 5,635 5,259 10,104 49.8 34.8 6.2

Canada1 ............................................ 15,727 10,084 5,999 4,975 5,161 9,957 55.9 32.1 5.2

Mexico .............................................. 1,522 1,435 1,039 547 26 63 6.0 175.6 42.4

Other2 ............................................... 119 73 72 113 71 84 64.5 13.8 4.0

South America Total......................... 213 573 691 190 20 940 −62.8 79.8 −15.2

Argentina .......................................... 21 48 13 6 4 * −55.7 55.7 58.6

Brazil................................................. 17 90 95 15 5 6 −81.7 37.3 12.5

Chile .................................................. 51 146 496 121 * 914 −65.1 382.2 −27.5

Venezuela.......................................... 90 200 45 22 12 18 −54.9 66.6 19.4

Other2 ............................................... 34 89 42 27 * 1 −61.7 223.4 45.5

Europe Total ...................................... 7,771 12,530 18,940 21,338 10,580 16,734 −38.0 −7.4 −8.2

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 270 947 1,125 1,033 1,205 995 −71.5 −31.2 −13.5

Bulgaria............................................. − − 173 − 54 49 − −100.0 −100.0

Denmark............................................ 274 350 1,316 2,100 477 3,050 −21.6 −12.9 −23.5

Finland .............................................. − 160 164 584 66 2 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

France ................................................ 89 342 769 503 58 1,676 −74.1 11.0 −27.8

Germany, FR .................................... 867 221 517 1,722 35 227 292.8 122.4 16.0

Iceland............................................... − − 8 − − 46 − −−100.0

Ireland ............................................... 1,150 516 765 914 974 1,078 122.8 4.2 .7

Italy ................................................... 764 2,438 3,911 4,559 2,498 4,578 −68.7 −25.6 −18.0

Netherlands ....................................... 401 711 2,917 3,323 1,643 2,938 −43.6 −29.7 −19.8

Norway.............................................. 7 7 24 28 13 49 8.0 −14.2 −19.1

Portugal............................................. 468 1,256 1,628 1,722 1,057 1,071 −62.8 −18.4 −8.8

Romania ............................................ − 96 − 299 890 3 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Spain ................................................. 758 1,883 1,990 2,475 1,476 201 −59.7 −15.3 15.9

Sweden.............................................. − − 83 9 − 204 − −−100.0

Turkey............................................... 3 5 140 206 − * −38.8 − 35.4

United Kingdom ............................... 2,719 3,570 3,115 1,795 135 321 −23.8 112.0 26.8

Other2 ............................................... 3 29 296 66 * 246 −91.2 62.9 −39.9

Asia Total ........................................... 5,523 6,520 9,166 8,081 8,080 7,113 −15.3 −9.1 −2.8 R China (Mainland).............................. 1 126 − * − −−99.5 − −

China (Taiwan)................................. 1,174 1,686 2,066 2,163 3,078 3,697 −30.3 −21.4 −12.0

Israel.................................................. 454 456 936 620 864 338 −.5 −14.9 3.3

Japan ................................................. 3,406 3,183 4,976 3,858 2,963 2,397 7.0 3.5 4.0

Korea, Republic of ........................... 424 1,017 1,175 1,438 1,172 674 −58.3 −22.4 −5.0 R Other2 ............................................... 65 51 12 2 3 7 26.5 110.4 27.4

Oceania & Australia Total............... 2 1 1 * 1 * 139.1 37.7 16.7

Other2 ............................................... 2 1 1 * 1 * 139.1 37.7 16.7

Africa Total........................................ 77 175 1,615 1,214 85 795 −56.3 −2.5 −22.9

Egypt................................................. 1 2 1 2 1 − −60.6 −11.9 −

Morocco ............................................ 68 142 1,614 1,212 83 795 −52.0 −5.0 −23.9

South Africa, Rep of ........................ −−− * − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 8 31 − − − * −75.3 − 55.9

Total .................................................... 30,954 31,390 37,522 36,458 24,025 35,687 −1.4 6.5 −1.6

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1997.

* Data round to zero.

R Revised data.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 201 
Table 79. Coal Exports by Customs District, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Short Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Customs District 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Eastern Total...................................... 49,138 52,806 58,161 55,374 43,474 60,406 −6.9 3.1 −2.3

Boston, MA ...................................... − 22 − 33 − −−100.0 − −

Baltimore, MD.................................. 6,576 6,297 11,221 11,313 7,912 9,330 4.4 −4.5 −3.8

Portland, ME..................................... 400 1 * 57 1 * NM 387.0 138.7

Buffalo, NY ...................................... 5,612 3,594 2,263 1,574 166 48 56.2 141.3 69.6

New York City, NY ......................... 10 3 6 87 1 2 188.7 67.2 21.0

Ogdensburg, NY............................... 87 92 116 163 337 10 −5.5 −28.8 27.1

Philadelphia, PA ............................... 202 265 406 339 213 2,497 −23.8 −1.3 −24.4

Norfolk, VA...................................... 36,252 42,533 44,148 41,808 34,845 48,520 −14.8 1.0 −3.2

St. Albans, VT.................................. − 11** − −100.0 −100.0 −

Southern Total ................................... 11,267 15,327 16,077 19,936 15,607 20,720 −26.5 −7.8 −6.5

Mobile, AL ....................................... 4,537 5,379 5,897 8,283 4,997 8,827 −15.7 −2.4 −7.1

Savannah, GA................................... 2 37 − 4 1 1 −95.8 19.6 8.8

Miami, FL......................................... 2 1 2 2 3 11 55.3 −6.6 −17.1

Tampa, FL ........................................ * * − 1*1 −12.1 5.8 −10.8

New Orleans, LA ............................. 4,852 7,639 8,669 10,522 9,475 10,851 −36.5 −15.4 −8.5

Wilmington, NC ............................... * * * − − 70 1.7 − −54.3

San Juan, PR..................................... 40 83 * * 26 − −52.3 11.6 −

Charleston, SC.................................. * 164 154 401 957 835 −99.9 −90.0 −63.4

El Paso, TX ...................................... − * − * − −−100.0 − −

Houston-Galveston, TX.................... 299 560 297 179 121 77 −46.6 25.3 16.3

Laredo, TX ....................................... 1,535 1,463 1,057 542 26 47 4.9 178.0 47.2

Western Total .................................... 3,798 4,771 6,832 5,527 3,813 3,155 −20.4 −.1 2.1

Anchorage, AK................................. 343 740 784 919 719 661 −53.6 −16.9 −7.0

Nogales, AZ...................................... * − * − * −− −28.0 −

Los Angeles, CA .............................. 3,440 3,785 5,899 4,475 2,963 2,301 −9.1 3.8 4.6

San Diego, CA ................................. 3 * − * 1 4 445.0 38.2 −5.7

San Francisco, CA............................ 3 104 1 * 1 42 −97.1 32.3 −25.5

Great Falls, MT ................................ 3 1 * * 1 * 413.8 48.9 46.5

Portland, OR ..................................... − 41 − − − 1 −100.0 − −100.0

Seattle, WA....................................... 5 100 147 132 128 145 −94.7 −55.0 −30.8

Northern Total................................... 14,308 10,616 9,358 7,688 8,437 16,534 34.8 14.1 −1.6

Chicago, IL ....................................... − 21 − − 24 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Detroit, MI........................................ 2,498 2,283 3,804 1,845 2,600 45 9.4 −1.0 56.4

Duluth, MN....................................... 1,093 128 247 210 161 283 NM 61.4 16.2

Pembina, ND .................................... 67 1 1 19 10 15 NM 59.0 18.0

Cleveland, OH .................................. 10,651 8,183 5,306 5,614 5,642 16,191 30.1 17.2 −4.5

Milwaukee, WI ................................. * − − − − −− − −

Other Ports......................................... 47 25 45 22 28 − 86.8 14.1 −

Total .................................................... 78,048 83,545 90,473 88,547 71,359 100,815 −6.6 2.3 −2.8

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

202 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Coal Prices

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 203 
204 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

10

20

30

40

50

Nominal Dollars per Short Ton

Export

Mine Consumer

Import

Figure 12. Coal Prices, 1989-1998

 Note: Average mine prices exclude mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year. Mine Price is calculated by

dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production. Consumer Price is based on the cost

including insurance and freight (C.I.F. cost) for electric utilities, and insurance, freight and taxes for manufacturing and coke plants, and

does not include the residential and commercial sector. Export Price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Import Price is based

on the customers import value.

 Sources:  Mine Price: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report"; State Mining Agency Coal

Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment

and Coal Production Report."  Consumer Prices: Federal Regulatory Commission (FERC), FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report on Cost

and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants"; EIA, Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report % Quarterly" and Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption

Report % Manufacturing Plants."  Export Prices: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report EM 545."  Import

Prices: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145."
Mine Prices

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 205 
Table 80. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... $37.23 $38.48 $39.48 $38.44 $40.12 $41.18 −3.2 −1.8 −1.1

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w w − w w ww w w

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. $17.30 $18.46 $17.94 $19.26 $19.76 $23.64 −6.3 −3.3 −3.4

Illinois .................................................. 22.86 21.44 22.74 23.05 23.14 28.17 6.6 −.3 −2.3

Indiana ................................................. 19.68 19.62 20.24 21.71 22.28 23.55 .3 −3.0 −2.0

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − w w −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w $27.00 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... $23.82 $23.72 $23.91 $24.79 $24.88 24.97 .4 −1.1 −.5

Eastern .............................................. 24.59 24.65 24.98 26.00 25.25 25.80 −.3 −.7 −.5

Western ............................................. 21.01 20.49 20.38 20.75 23.63 22.48 2.5 −2.9 −.8

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. $24.35 $23.26 $24.40 $24.69 $26.34 $24.73 4.7 −1.9 −.2

Missouri ............................................... 20.78 16.87 23.31 18.91 w w 23.2 w w

Montana ............................................... 8.25 9.84 9.96 9.62 $10.39 $10.27 −16.1 −5.6 −2.4

New Mexico ........................................ 20.68 21.83 24.66 23.80 23.29 23.42 −5.3 −2.9 −1.4

North Dakota ....................................... 8.01 8.06 8.01 7.99 7.62 7.36 −.6 1.3 .9

Ohio ..................................................... 27.56 23.66 24.85 25.97 29.13 30.49 16.5 −1.4 −1.1

Oklahoma............................................. 26.02 26.32 26.54 24.13 25.57 28.46 −1.2 .4 −1.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 25.87 25.98 25.78 26.78 26.18 29.33 −.4 −.3 −1.4

Anthracite.......................................... 42.91 35.12 36.78 39.78 36.07 42.93 22.2 4.4 *

Bituminous........................................ 24.75 25.41 24.98 25.77 25.45 28.74 −2.6 −.7 −1.6

Tennessee............................................. 28.69 27.03 27.79 26.94 27.17 26.98 6.1 1.4 .7

Texas.................................................... 12.47 12.15 12.17 12.16 12.38 10.91 2.6 .2 1.5

Utah...................................................... 18.47 17.61 21.63 19.10 19.27 21.46 4.9 −1.1 −1.6

Virginia ................................................ 28.69 28.24 28.45 28.47 26.84 27.64 1.6 1.7 .4

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. $27.07 $26.64 $26.58 $27.18 $27.42 $28.69 1.6 −.3 −.6

Northern ............................................ 25.62 25.86 24.86 24.91 26.77 28.09 −.9 −1.1 −1.0

Southern ............................................ 27.57 26.90 27.21 28.07 27.71 29.03 2.5 −.1 −.6

Wyoming ............................................. 5.41 6.00 6.41 6.58 6.83 8.63 −9.8 −5.6 −5.0

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 26.85 26.55 26.78 27.45 27.36 28.74 1.1 −.5 −.8

Interior Total1 ................................... 18.45 17.91 18.41 18.81 19.87 21.31 3.0 −1.8 −1.6

Western Total1 .................................. 8.76 9.52 10.03 10.15 10.57 12.12 −8.0 −4.6 −3.5

East of Miss. River............................ 25.78 25.39 25.70 26.35 26.44 27.95 1.5 −.6 −.9

West of Miss. River........................... 9.25 9.92 10.40 10.48 10.91 12.25 −6.8 −4.0 −3.1

U.S. Total............................................ 17.67 18.14 18.50 18.83 19.41 21.82 −2.6 −2.3 −2.3

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: For 1997 and prior years, average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the

total production. For 1998, average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal

sold. A measure of dispersion of the 1998 average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D1. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

206 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 81. Average Real Mine Price of Coal by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Real 1992 Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... $33.04 $34.48 $36.06 $35.76 $38.17 $45.91 −4.2 −3.5 −3.6

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w w − w w ww w w

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. $15.35 $16.54 $16.38 $17.91 $18.80 $26.35 −7.2 −4.9 −5.8

Illinois .................................................. 20.28 19.21 20.77 21.45 22.01 31.40 5.6 −2.0 −4.7

Indiana ................................................. 17.46 17.58 18.49 20.20 21.20 26.26 −.7 −4.7 −4.4

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − w w −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w $30.10 w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... $21.13 $21.25 $21.84 $23.06 $23.67 27.84 −.6 −2.8 −3.0

Eastern .............................................. 21.82 22.09 22.81 24.18 24.03 28.76 −1.2 −2.4 −3.0

Western ............................................. 18.64 18.36 18.62 19.31 22.49 25.06 1.5 −4.6 −3.2

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. $21.61 $20.84 $22.28 $22.97 $25.06 $27.57 3.7 −3.6 −2.7

Missouri ............................................... 18.44 15.12 21.29 17.59 w w 22.0 w w

Montana ............................................... 7.32 8.82 9.10 8.95 $9.89 $11.45 −16.9 −7.2 −4.8

New Mexico ........................................ 18.35 19.56 22.52 22.14 22.16 26.10 −6.2 −4.6 −3.8

North Dakota ....................................... 7.11 7.22 7.32 7.44 7.25 8.20 −1.6 −.5 −1.6

Ohio ..................................................... 24.45 21.20 22.69 24.15 27.71 33.99 15.3 −3.1 −3.6

Oklahoma............................................. 23.09 23.59 24.23 22.45 24.33 31.73 −2.1 −1.3 −3.5

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 22.96 23.28 23.54 24.91 24.91 32.70 −1.4 −2.0 −3.8

Anthracite.......................................... 38.08 31.47 33.59 37.01 34.32 47.85 21.0 2.6 −2.5

Bituminous........................................ 21.96 22.77 22.82 23.97 24.21 32.04 −3.5 −2.4 −4.1

Tennessee............................................. 25.46 24.22 25.38 25.06 25.85 30.08 5.1 −.4 −1.8

Texas.................................................... 11.06 10.89 11.11 11.31 11.78 12.16 1.6 −1.6 −1.0

Utah...................................................... 16.38 15.78 19.76 17.77 18.34 23.93 3.8 −2.8 −4.1

Virginia ................................................ 25.45 25.31 25.98 26.48 25.54 30.81 .6 −.1 −2.1

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. $24.02 $23.87 $24.27 $25.28 $26.09 $31.98 .6 −2.0 −3.1

Northern ............................................ 22.73 23.17 22.71 23.18 25.47 31.32 −1.9 −2.8 −3.5

Southern ............................................ 24.46 24.10 24.85 26.11 26.36 32.36 1.5 −1.8 −3.1

Wyoming ............................................. 4.80 5.38 5.85 6.12 6.50 9.62 −10.7 −7.3 −7.4

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 23.82 23.79 24.46 25.53 26.04 32.04 .1 −2.2 −3.2

Interior Total1 ................................... 16.37 16.05 16.81 17.50 18.90 23.76 2.0 −3.5 −4.0

Western Total1 .................................. 7.77 8.53 9.16 9.44 10.06 13.51 −8.9 −6.2 −5.9

East of Miss. River............................ 22.88 22.75 23.47 24.51 25.16 31.16 .5 −2.3 −3.4

West of Miss. River........................... 8.21 8.89 9.50 9.75 10.38 13.66 −7.7 −5.7 −5.5

U.S. Total............................................ 15.68 16.25 16.89 17.52 18.47 24.33 −3.5 −4.0 −4.8

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D2. For 1997 and

prior years, average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the total production.For 1998,

average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 207 
Table 82. Average Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 1998

(Dollars per Short Ton)

 Underground Surface Total

 Coal-Producing

State and Region Nominal Real1 Nominal Real1 Real1

Nominal

Alabama .................................................. $37.69 $33.44 $35.89 $31.85 $37.23 $33.04

Alaska ..................................................... − − wwww

Arizona .................................................... − − wwww

Arkansas .................................................. − − wwww

Colorado .................................................. 16.38 14.53 $19.14 $16.99 $17.30 $15.35

Illinois ..................................................... 22.96 20.37 22.07 19.58 22.86 20.28

Indiana .................................................... w w w w 19.68 17.46

Kansas ..................................................... − − wwww

Kentucky Total ....................................... $24.23 $21.50 $23.16 $20.55 $23.82 $21.13

Eastern .................................................. 25.36 22.51 23.57 20.91 24.59 21.82

Western ................................................ 21.23 18.83 20.24 17.96 21.01 18.64

Louisiana ................................................. − − wwww

Maryland ................................................. w w w w $24.35 21.61

Missouri .................................................. − − $20.78 $18.44 $20.78 $18.44

Montana .................................................. − − 8.25 7.32 8.25 7.32

New Mexico ........................................... w w w w 20.68 18.35

North Dakota .......................................... − − $8.01 $7.11 8.01 7.11

Ohio ........................................................ $28.48 $25.27 26.61 23.61 27.56 24.45

Oklahoma ................................................ w w w w 26.02 23.09

Pennsylvania Total ................................. $25.40 $22.54 $27.20 $24.14 25.87 22.96

Anthracite ............................................. 45.19 40.10 42.75 37.93 $42.91 38.08

Bituminous ........................................... 25.29 22.44 22.84 20.26 24.75 21.96

Tennessee ................................................ w w w w 28.69 25.46

Texas ....................................................... − − $12.47 $11.06 12.47 11.06

Utah ......................................................... $18.47 $16.38 − − 18.47 16.38

Virginia ................................................... 29.55 26.22 26.21 23.26 28.69 25.45

Washington ............................................. − − wwww

West Virginia Total................................ 28.25 25.07 $24.50 $21.74 $27.07 $24.02

Northern ............................................... 26.14 23.19 21.88 19.42 25.62 22.73

Southern ............................................... 29.28 25.98 24.79 21.99 27.57 24.46

Wyoming ................................................ w w w w 5.41 4.80

Appalachian Total2 .............................. 27.65 24.53 25.31 22.46 26.85 23.83

Interior Total2 ...................................... 22.33 19.81 16.05 14.24 18.45 16.37

Western Total2...................................... 17.58 15.60 7.77 6.89 8.76 7.77

East of Miss. River ............................... 26.72 23.71 24.07 21.36 25.78 22.88

West of Miss. River.............................. 17.66 15.67 8.41 7.46 9.25 8.21

U.S. Total............................................... 25.64 22.75 12.92 11.47 17.67 15.68

1 Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D2.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. A measure of dispersion of these average nominal prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D2. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry

dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide

data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

208 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 83. Average Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total State and Region

Alabama ............................................... w $37.61 $37.99 w $37.69

Colorado .............................................. w − w − 16.38

Illinois .................................................. w − $24.45 − 22.96

Indiana ................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... $24.15 25.30 23.58 $35.37 $24.23

Eastern .............................................. w 25.30 27.33 35.37 25.36

Western ............................................. w − 22.53 − 21.23

Maryland .............................................. w − w − w

New Mexico ........................................ w −−− w

Ohio ..................................................... $21.15 − $29.91 − $28.48

Oklahoma ............................................. w −−− w

Pennsylvania Total .............................. $25.99 w 25.19 w $25.40

Anthracite .......................................... w w − w 45.19

Bituminous ........................................ w w 25.19 − 25.29

Tennessee ............................................. $26.69 w − − w

Utah ...................................................... w w 18.06 − $18.47

Virginia ................................................ w w 31.13 − 29.55

West Virginia Total............................. $27.98 $28.81 28.54 − 28.25

Northern ............................................ 20.65 25.42 27.81 − 26.14

Southern ............................................ 29.14 30.50 29.46 − 29.28

Wyoming ............................................. w − w − w

Appalachian Total5 ........................... 26.75 27.33 28.57 35.04 27.65

Interior Total5 ................................... 21.69 − 23.73 − 22.33

Western Total5 .................................. 20.71 18.83 17.27 − 17.58

East of Miss. River............................ 25.60 27.33 27.95 35.04 26.72

West of Miss. River........................... 21.38 18.83 17.27 − 17.66

U.S. Total............................................ 25.51 26.43 25.59 35.04 25.64

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by continuous mining method.

2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of coal by conventional mining method, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide data.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent

continuous mining.

4 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous/conventional split in

mining method.

5 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 209 
Table 84. Coal Disposition, Number of Mines, and Average Price,

by State and County, 1998

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Disposition Average Mine Price State and County

Alabama ............................................ 48 22,074 37.23

Bibb .............................................. 1 22 w

Cullman ........................................ 2 85 w

Fayette .......................................... 1 2,408 w

Jefferson ....................................... 7 9,416 $43.04

Marion .......................................... 1 19 w

Shelby ........................................... 3 423 w

Tuscaloosa .................................... 7 6,018 $32.93

Walker .......................................... 23 3,457 35.81

Winston ........................................ 3 225 w

Alaska ................................................ 1 1,341 w

Yukon River................................. 1 1,341 w

Arizona .............................................. 2 12,169 w

Navajo .......................................... 2 12,169 w

Arkansas ............................................ 1 19 w

Johnson ......................................... 1 19 w

Colorado ............................................ 12 29,876 17.30

Delta ............................................. 1 1,213 w

Fremont ........................................ 1 235 w

Gunnison ...................................... 2 8,067 w

La Plata ........................................ 1 285 w

Mesa ............................................. 1 398 w

Moffat ........................................... 2 8,034 w

Montrose ...................................... 1 322 w

Rio Blanco ................................... 1 1,723 w

Routt ............................................. 2 9,600 w

Illinois ................................................ 24 40,162 22.86

Gallatin ......................................... 2 2,811 w

Jackson ......................................... 2 478 w

Jefferson ....................................... 1 3,860 w

Logan ............................................ 1 2,365 w

Macoupin ...................................... 3 6,068 w

McDonough .................................. 1 516 w

Perry ............................................. 3 3,636 w

Randolph ...................................... 1 2,535 w

Saline ............................................ 5 8,918 $22.58

Schuyler ........................................ 1 410 w

Vermilion ..................................... 1 793 w

Wabash ......................................... 1 1,389 w

Washington .................................. 1 4,329 w

White ............................................ 1 2,056 w

Indiana .............................................. 37 36,700 19.68

Clay .............................................. 3 2,196 w

Daviess ......................................... 4 3,099 $20.89

Dubois .......................................... 1 250 w

Gibson .......................................... 3 5,318 w

Greene .......................................... 3 2,410 w

Knox ............................................. 7 5,231 $21.71

Owen ............................................ 2 541 w

Parke ............................................. 1 90 w

Pike ............................................... 5 5,254 $17.44

Spencer ......................................... 1 216 w

Sullivan ........................................ 2 4,681 w

Vigo .............................................. 1 3,066 w

Warrick ......................................... 4 4,348 $18.87

Kansas ............................................... 2 334 w

Linn .............................................. 2 334 w

Kentucky ........................................... 428 149,971 23.82

Bell ............................................... 20 4,753 $24.01

Breathitt ........................................ 4 4,110 22.72

Christian ....................................... 1 228 w

Clay .............................................. 5 314 $22.94

Daviess ......................................... 1 882 w

Floyd ............................................ 30 6,129 $22.91

Harlan ........................................... 34 8,213 25.36

Henderson .................................... 4 2,022 19.29

Hopkins ........................................ 11 6,389 20.24

Johnson ......................................... 4 1,057 24.12

Knott ............................................. 39 9,014 23.57

Knox ............................................. 13 550 37.63

Lawrence ...................................... 5 275 25.16

See footnotes at end of table.

210 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 84. Coal Disposition, Number of Mines, and Average Price,

by State and County, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Disposition Average Mine Price State and County

Kentucky (Continued)

Leslie ............................................ 14 9,861 $24.89

Letcher .......................................... 33 9,883 25.12

Magoffin ....................................... 2 860 w

Martin ........................................... 31 12,940 $24.43

McLean ........................................ 3 1,763 w

Muhlenberg .................................. 5 3,179 $17.46

Ohio .............................................. 1 341 w

Owsley .......................................... 2 48 w

Perry ............................................. 30 14,540 $22.60

Pike ............................................... 121 35,013 25.72

Union ............................................ 3 7,197 w

Webster ........................................ 7 10,152 $21.74

Whitley ......................................... 5 258 33.36

Louisiana ........................................... 2 3,331 w

De Soto ........................................ 1 2,342 w

Red River ..................................... 1 989 w

Maryland ........................................... 11 4,029 24.35

Allegany ....................................... 5 471 $24.18

Garrett .......................................... 6 3,558 24.40

Missouri ............................................. 4 373 20.78

Barton ........................................... 1 112 w

Bates ............................................. 3 261 w

Montana ............................................ 6 42,653 8.25

Big Horn ...................................... 3 28,350 w

Richland ....................................... 1 331 w

Rosebud ........................................ 2 13,971 w

New Mexico ...................................... 7 28,057 20.68

Colfax ........................................... 1 1,339 w

McKinley ...................................... 2 11,643 w

San Juan ....................................... 4 15,075 $20.04

North Dakota.................................... 4 30,475 8.01

McLean ........................................ 1 7,047 w

Mercer .......................................... 2 19,190 w

Oliver ............................................ 1 4,239 w

Ohio ................................................... 64 28,473 27.56

Belmont ........................................ 9 7,065 $19.91

Carroll .......................................... 3 138 w

Columbiana .................................. 5 666 $13.63

Coshocton ..................................... 4 278 22.84

Gallia ............................................ 1 400 w

Guernsey ...................................... 3 150 w

Harrison ........................................ 6 2,294 $22.00

Jackson ......................................... 3 1,648 w

Jefferson ....................................... 5 679 $22.67

Meigs ............................................ 2 5,296 w

Monroe ......................................... 1 2,441 w

Morgan ......................................... 1 1,700 w

Muskingum .................................. 3 907 w

Noble ............................................ 1 774 w

Perry ............................................. 5 1,177 $21.52

Stark ............................................. 3 498 w

Tuscarawas ................................... 6 963 $17.89

Vinton ........................................... 3 1,399 w

Oklahoma .......................................... 6 1,726 26.02

Craig ............................................. 1 189 w

Haskell .......................................... 1 641 w

Latimer ......................................... 1 302 w

Le Flore........................................ 2 383 w

Nowata ......................................... 1 212 w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 254 80,299 25.87

Allegheny ..................................... 1 16 w

Armstrong .................................... 24 6,035 $24.22

Butler ............................................ 3 576 w

Cambria ........................................ 16 2,173 $26.76

Carbon .......................................... 1 299 w

Clarion .......................................... 5 479 $23.76

Clearfield ...................................... 37 4,812 24.74

Columbia ...................................... 5 1,165 30.49

Elk ................................................ 5 753 24.03

Fayette .......................................... 8 411 22.94

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 211 
Table 84. Coal Disposition, Number of Mines, and Average Price,

by State and County, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Disposition Average Mine Price State and County

Pennsylvania (Continued)

Greene .......................................... 12 37,186 $24.93

Indiana .......................................... 27 5,248 27.74

Jefferson ....................................... 15 1,414 24.30

Lackawanna .................................. 1 28 w

Lawrence ...................................... 2 102 w

Luzerne ......................................... 6 914 $60.22

Lycoming ..................................... 1 314 w

Northumberland ........................... 5 221 $48.37

Schuylkill ..................................... 37 2,304 45.20

Somerset ....................................... 28 5,047 19.63

Sullivan ........................................ 1 37 w

Venango ....................................... 1 98 w

Washington .................................. 6 10,176 $25.77

Westmoreland .............................. 7 491 22.85

Tennessee .......................................... 21 2,682 28.69

Anderson ...................................... 1 15 w

Campbell ...................................... 8 831 $30.64

Claiborne ...................................... 6 938 24.29

Cumberland .................................. 1 83 w

Fentress ........................................ 1 224 w

Morgan ......................................... 1 11 w

Scott .............................................. 1 47 w

Sequatchie .................................... 2 532 w

Texas .................................................. 14 53,314 12.47

Atascosa ....................................... 1 3,522 w

Freestone ...................................... 1 5,014 w

Harrison ........................................ 2 4,134 w

Hopkins ........................................ 1 2,244 w

Leon .............................................. 1 8,832 w

Milam ........................................... 1 6,255 w

Panola ........................................... 2 8,655 w

Robertson ..................................... 1 1,755 w

Rusk .............................................. 1 5,042 w

Titus .............................................. 2 7,590 w

Webb ............................................ 1 269 w

Utah ................................................... 15 27,393 18.47

Carbon .......................................... 10 10,105 $21.36

Emery ........................................... 4 11,027 w

Sevier ............................................ 1 6,261 w

Virginia .............................................. 149 33,455 28.69

Alleghany ..................................... 1 109 w

Buchanan ...................................... 55 12,537 $29.56

Dickenson ..................................... 18 3,161 30.36

Lee ................................................ 5 1,228 w

Russell .......................................... 6 1,209 $31.44

Tazewell ....................................... 10 1,490 32.77

Wise .............................................. 54 13,721 26.45

Washington ....................................... 2 4,340 w

King .............................................. 1 16 w

Lewis ............................................ 1 4,324 w

West Virginia.................................... 314 174,586 27.07

Barbour ......................................... 5 1,669 $23.45

Boone ........................................... 38 29,048 27.79

Braxton ......................................... 1 538 w

Brooke .......................................... 1 1,970 w

Clay .............................................. 4 6,651 $27.60

Fayette .......................................... 6 3,609 30.12

Grant ............................................. 4 1,299 27.70

Greenbrier .................................... 3 522 w

Harrison ........................................ 8 6,478 $27.67

Kanawha ....................................... 16 14,542 22.42

Lincoln ......................................... 1 24 w

Logan ............................................ 27 14,305 $21.79

Marion .......................................... 2 5,406 w

Marshall ........................................ 2 11,494 w

McDowell ..................................... 63 6,041 $31.24

Mineral ......................................... 2 94 w

Mingo ........................................... 39 25,456 $29.04

Monongalia .................................. 7 6,845 22.06

Nicholas ........................................ 10 2,696 31.23

See footnotes at end of table.

212 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 84. Coal Disposition, Number of Mines, and Average Price,

by State and County, 1998 (Continued)

(Thousand Short Tons, Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Number of Mines Disposition Average Mine Price State and County

West Virginia (Continued)

Preston .......................................... 5 1,525 $16.93

Raleigh ......................................... 21 12,528 32.22

Randolph ...................................... 2 59 w

Tucker .......................................... 1 180 w

Upshur .......................................... 9 2,195 $22.90

Wayne .......................................... 6 4,409 25.95

Webster ........................................ 7 4,712 19.72

Wyoming ...................................... 24 10,293 29.66

Wyoming ........................................... 23 314,975 5.41

Campbell ...................................... 14 274,013 $4.62

Carbon .......................................... 3 3,767 w

Converse ....................................... 2 23,383 w

Lincoln ......................................... 1 4,736 w

Sheridan ........................................ 1 62 w

Sweetwater ................................... 2 9,013 w

U.S. Total .......................................... 1,451 1,122,809 17.67

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes mines

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 213 
Table 85. Average Price by State and Coal Rank, 1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total State and Region

Alabama............................................... $37.23 − − − $37.23

Alaska .................................................. − w − − w

Arizona ................................................ w w − − w

Arkansas .............................................. − − − w w

Colorado .............................................. w w − − $17.30

Illinois .................................................. $22.86 − − − 22.86

Indiana ................................................. 19.68 − − − 19.68

Kansas .................................................. w −−− w

Kentucky Total .................................... $23.82 − − − $23.82

Eastern .............................................. 24.59 − − − 24.59

Western ............................................. 21.01 − − − 21.01

Louisiana .............................................. − − w − w

Maryland.............................................. 24.38 − − − $24.38

Missouri ............................................... 20.78 − − − 20.78

Montana ............................................... − w w − 8.25

New Mexico ........................................ w w − − 20.68

North Dakota ....................................... − − $8.01 − 8.01

Ohio ..................................................... $27.56 − − − 27.56

Oklahoma............................................. 26.02 − − − 26.02

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 24.75 − − $42.91 25.88

Anthracite.......................................... − − − 42.91 42.91

Bituminous........................................ 24.75 − − − 24.75

Tennessee............................................. 28.69 − − − 28.69

Texas .................................................... w − w − 12.47

Utah...................................................... $18.47 − − − 18.47

Virginia ................................................ 28.69 − − − 28.69

Washington .......................................... w w − − w

West Virginia Total............................. $27.07 −−− $27.07

Northern ............................................ 25.62 − − − 25.62

Southern ............................................ 27.57 − − − 27.57

Wyoming ............................................. w w − − 5.41

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 26.68 − − 42.91 26.85

Interior Total1 ................................... 21.34 − 12.74 w 18.45

Western Total1 .................................. 19.33 6.96 8.03 − 8.76

East of Miss. River............................ 25.63 − − 42.91 25.78

West of Miss. River........................... 19.52 6.96 11.08 w 9.25

U.S. Total............................................ 24.87 6.96 11.08 2 42.91 17.67

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

2 Does not include Arkansas. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge vaule of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

214 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 86. Average Price of U.S. Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Mine Production Range Underground Surface (thousand short tons) Total

Over 1,000 ......................................... $25.48 $10.37 $15.28

500 to 1,000....................................... 26.32 24.41 25.35

200 to 500.......................................... 25.04 23.96 24.56

100 to 200.......................................... 25.90 24.62 25.38

50 to 100............................................ 26.78 24.75 25.93

10 to 50.............................................. 28.85 24.20 25.87

U.S. Total .......................................... 25.64 12.92 17.67

Notes: Average price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Table 87. Average Price of U.S. Coal by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coalbed Thickness Underground Surface (inches) Total

 < 7 .................................................... − $33.23 $33.23

7-12 .................................................... $22.00 22.71 22.50

13-18 .................................................. − 24.68 24.68

19-24 .................................................. 42.79 21.70 22.12

25-30 .................................................. 25.57 21.86 22.42

31-36 .................................................. 26.69 25.33 26.09

37-42 .................................................. 27.70 23.01 25.61

43-48 .................................................. 28.94 24.91 27.29

49-54 .................................................. 24.24 21.34 22.96

55-60 .................................................. 28.61 23.24 27.09

61-66 .................................................. 25.30 20.68 24.17

67-72 .................................................. 28.08 21.73 26.43

73-78 .................................................. 25.03 16.48 22.83

79-84 .................................................. 25.36 18.97 23.30

85-90 .................................................. 25.60 20.85 22.94

91-96 .................................................. 23.96 23.27 23.85

97-102 ................................................ 24.42 17.45 18.83

103-108 .............................................. 24.50 16.50 17.53

109-114 .............................................. 16.52 22.06 17.69

115-120 .............................................. 18.69 23.56 19.79

> 120 .............................................. 17.22 7.22 7.78

U.S. Total .......................................... 25.64 12.92 17.67

Notes: Average price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 215 
Table 88. Average Price of Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

Coal-Producing (short tons per miner per hour)

State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. − − w $36.88 $38.86 $37.23

Alaska ..................................................... − − w − − w

Arizona .................................................... − − w − − w

Arkansas .................................................. −−−− w w

Colorado .................................................. − $16.15 $20.32 w − $17.30

Illinois ..................................................... − w 22.29 $24.56 w 22.86

Indiana .................................................... $21.48 w 19.50 21.73 w 19.68

Kansas ..................................................... − − w − − w

Kentucky Total ....................................... 23.90 $24.02 $23.63 23.92 $26.00 $23.82

Eastern .................................................. 23.90 w 24.41 24.94 w 24.59

Western ................................................ − w 21.11 20.87 w 21.01

Louisiana ................................................. − w −−− w

Maryland ................................................. − − w 25.09 $23.62 w

Missouri .................................................. − − w 19.06 w $20.78

Montana .................................................. w w −−− 8.25

New Mexico ........................................... − w w − − 20.68

North Dakota .......................................... w w −−− 8.01

Ohio ........................................................ w w $20.69 39.30 $18.36 27.56

Oklahoma ................................................ − − w 27.98 − 26.02

Pennsylvania Total ................................. $28.18 $26.68 $24.32 26.25 39.13 25.88

Anthracite ............................................. 28.47 59.64 31.45 33.87 56.40 42.91

Bituminous ........................................... 26.67 23.41 24.18 26.02 31.37 24.75

Tennessee ................................................ − − w 26.91 30.35 w

Texas ....................................................... w 13.01 w w − $12.47

Utah ......................................................... − w $19.94 w w 18.47

Virginia ................................................... $27.02 w w $28.77 $30.56 28.69

Washington ............................................. − − w − w w

West Virginia Total................................ w w $26.88 28.74 $28.05 $27.07

Northern ............................................... − w 26.16 27.48 w 25.62

Southern ............................................... w $27.57 27.21 29.23 w 27.57

Wyoming ................................................ $4.61 16.39 w 19.69 w 5.41

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 25.50 26.22 25.45 29.25 33.57 26.85

Interior Total1 ...................................... 9.29 14.01 20.05 22.65 24.19 18.45

Western Total1...................................... 5.25 16.64 21.76 20.96 17.33 8.76

East of Miss. River ............................... 25.47 25.76 24.39 28.06 33.39 25.78

West of Miss. River.............................. 5.31 15.60 20.13 23.24 18.06 9.25

U.S. Total............................................... 5.64 19.15 23.79 27.95 32.56 17.67

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

216 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 89. Average Price of Underground Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

Coal-Producing (short tons per miner per hour)

State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. −−− $37.11 $39.03 $37.69

Colorado .................................................. − w $20.69 w − 16.38

Illinois ..................................................... − − 22.33 $24.56 w 22.96

Indiana .................................................... − − w w − w

Kentucky Total ....................................... w $25.30 $24.19 $24.04 $26.53 $24.23

Eastern .................................................. w 25.30 25.42 25.19 26.53 25.36

Western ................................................ − − 21.35 w − 21.23

Maryland ................................................. − − w w − w

New Mexico ........................................... − − $8.50 − − $8.50

Ohio ........................................................ − − w w − 28.48

Oklahoma ................................................ −−− w − w

Pennsylvania Total ................................. − w w $27.36 36.34 $25.40

Anthracite ............................................. − − $27.50 − 45.91 45.19

Bituminous ........................................... − w w 27.36 34.38 25.29

Tennessee ................................................ − − $26.65 w w w

Utah ......................................................... − w 19.94 w w $18.47

Virginia ................................................... − $30.00 29.91 $29.20 $30.64 29.55

West Virginia Total................................ w w 27.88 29.13 28.41 28.25

Northern ............................................... − w 26.33 27.88 w 26.14

Southern ............................................... w $29.61 29.07 29.54 w 29.28

Wyoming ................................................ − w −−− w

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 29.14 27.17 26.29 29.50 33.48 27.65

Interior Total1 ...................................... − − 21.96 23.00 21.85 22.33

Western Total1...................................... − 15.64 20.02 21.00 17.67 17.58

East of Miss. River ............................... 29.14 27.17 25.44 28.17 33.29 26.72

West of Miss. River.............................. − 15.64 20.02 22.17 17.67 17.66

U.S. Total............................................... 29.14 22.06 24.98 28.05 32.39 25.64

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 217 
Table 90. Average Price of Surface Coal by State and Productivity Range, 1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Productivity Range

(short tons per miner per hour) Coal-Producing State and Region

> = 16 8 to 16 4 to 8 2 to 4 0 to 2 Total

Alabama .................................................. − − $31.49 $36.34 $34.71 $35.89

Alaska ..................................................... − − w − − w

Arizona .................................................... − − w − − w

Arkansas .................................................. −−−− w w

Colorado .................................................. − w w − − $19.14

Illinois ..................................................... − w $22.07 − $40.52 22.07

Indiana .................................................... $21.48 w 19.36 18.71 w w

Kansas ..................................................... − − w − − w

Kentucky Total ....................................... w $23.47 $22.88 23.51 $24.42 $23.16

Eastern .................................................. w 23.68 23.30 24.18 24.45 23.57

Western ................................................ − 20.02 20.45 19.60 w 20.24

Louisiana ................................................. − w −−− w

Maryland ................................................. − − w 25.89 $23.62 w

Missouri .................................................. −−− 19.06 w $20.78

Montana .................................................. w w −−− 8.25

New Mexico ........................................... − w w − − 20.76

North Dakota .......................................... w w −−− 8.01

Ohio ........................................................ $19.11 $23.45 $21.29 37.62 $18.36 26.61

Oklahoma ................................................ − − w 27.06 − 25.24

Pennsylvania Total ................................. 28.18 40.01 $22.44 24.62 41.53 27.20

Anthracite ............................................. 28.47 59.64 31.50 33.87 59.95 42.75

Bituminous ........................................... 26.67 20.28 21.38 23.91 27.61 22.84

Tennessee ................................................ − − 30.73 27.01 w w

Texas ....................................................... w 13.01 w w − $12.47

Virginia ................................................... $27.02 − w $26.54 $27.95 26.21

Washington ............................................. − − $24.91 − w w

West Virginia Total................................ − w 24.63 26.31 $22.00 $24.50

Northern ............................................... − w 18.99 26.29 w 21.88

Southern ............................................... − $24.66 24.77 26.34 w 24.79

Wyoming ................................................ 4.61 w w 19.69 w w

Appalachian Total1 .............................. 24.95 25.03 23.85 28.55 33.87 25.31

Interior Total1 ...................................... 9.29 14.01 18.39 20.80 26.09 16.05

Western Total1...................................... 5.25 17.12 23.13 19.69 12.31 7.77

East of Miss. River ............................... 24.92 24.24 22.65 27.71 33.72 24.07

West of Miss. River.............................. 5.31 15.59 20.20 25.32 19.78 8.41

U.S. Total............................................... 5.59 17.74 22.11 27.63 33.13 12.92

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

218 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 91. Average Price by State and Disposition, 1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

 Coal-Producing Open Market1 Captive2

State and Region Total

Alabama ................................................................ w w 37.23

Alaska .................................................................... w − w

Arizona .................................................................. w − w

Arkansas ................................................................ w − w

Colorado ................................................................ w w 17.30

Illinois ................................................................... w w 22.86

Indiana ................................................................... 19.68 − 19.68

Kansas ................................................................... w − w

Kentucky Total ..................................................... 23.81 29.59 23.82

Eastern ................................................................ 24.57 − 24.59

Western .............................................................. 21.01 * 21.01

Louisiana ............................................................... w − w

Maryland ............................................................... 24.38 − 24.35

Missouri ................................................................ 20.78 − 20.78

Montana ................................................................ w w 8.25

New Mexico.......................................................... w w 20.68

North Dakota ........................................................ w w 8.01

Ohio....................................................................... 20.60 45.28 27.56

Oklahoma .............................................................. 26.02 − 26.02

Pennsylvania Total................................................ 25.82 28.44 25.87

Anthracite........................................................... 48.01 29.03 42.91

Bituminous ......................................................... 24.74 26.67 24.75

Tennessee .............................................................. w w 28.69

Texas ..................................................................... w w 12.47

Utah ....................................................................... w w 18.47

Virginia ................................................................. 28.69 − 28.69

Washington ........................................................... w w w

West Virginia Total .............................................. 26.90 38.68 27.07

Northern ............................................................. w w 25.62

Southern ............................................................. w w 27.57

Wyoming ............................................................... 5.11 11.93 5.41

Appalachian Total3 ............................................ 26.26 41.09 26.85

Interior Total3..................................................... 20.60 12.10 18.45

Western Total3.................................................... 8.28 15.49 8.76

East of Miss. River ............................................. 25.43 40.98 25.78

West of Miss. River ............................................ 8.56 13.57 9.25

U.S. Total ............................................................. 17.68 17.65 17.67

1 Open Market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers.

2 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies.

3 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Average price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal sold. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide data.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’ and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 219 
Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 221

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

10

20

30

40

50

60

Nominal Dollars per Short Ton

Electricity

Coke

Other Industrial

Figure 13. U.S. Coal Prices by Sector, 1989-1998

Consumer Prices

 Sources:  Electric Utilities: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), FERC Form 423, "Monthly

Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants."  Coke Plants: Energy Information Administration

(EIA), Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report % Quarterly."  Industrial: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption

Report % Manufacturing Plants."
Table 92. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ $42.94 $43.67 $43.55 $43.34 $42.81 $44.54 −1.7 0.1 −0.4

Connecticut ....................................... 47.59 50.02 50.05 49.33 46.45 56.88 −4.9 .6 −2.0

Massachusetts ................................... 42.30 42.72 42.64 42.63 43.00 41.68 −1.0 −.4 .2

New Hampshire ................................ 42.35 42.62 42.23 41.67 39.66 46.18 −.6 1.6 −.9

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 34.33 34.39 35.08 34.63 36.33 37.03 −.2 −1.4 −.8

New Jersey........................................ 41.71 45.94 45.53 47.17 48.49 46.84 −9.2 −3.7 −1.3

New York ......................................... 37.44 37.32 37.15 36.86 37.63 40.32 .3 −.1 −.8

Pennsylvania ..................................... 33.28 33.28 34.06 33.48 35.39 35.50 * −1.5 −.7

East North Central Total ................. 27.51 27.68 28.29 29.67 30.56 34.10 −.6 −2.6 −2.3

Illinois ............................................... 30.22 30.41 32.14 32.58 32.69 38.78 −.6 −1.9 −2.7

Indiana .............................................. 23.63 24.35 24.67 25.94 26.79 29.08 −3.0 −3.1 −2.3

Michigan ........................................... 28.19 28.93 29.34 30.95 32.90 38.83 −2.6 −3.8 −3.5

Ohio .................................................. 32.52 31.41 32.31 34.44 34.70 35.21 3.5 −1.6 −.9

Wisconsin.......................................... 19.97 20.43 19.55 21.23 23.13 28.10 −2.2 −3.6 −3.7

West North Central Total ................ 14.91 15.39 15.53 16.10 16.76 19.85 −3.1 −2.9 −3.1

Iowa .................................................. 15.12 16.23 16.30 17.13 17.39 21.77 −6.8 −3.4 −4.0

Kansas............................................... 17.06 17.91 17.51 17.83 17.85 22.00 −4.7 −1.1 −2.8

Minnesota.......................................... 19.00 19.47 18.99 20.12 20.09 21.01 −2.4 −1.4 −1.1

Missouri ............................................ 16.40 16.80 17.31 18.14 21.39 28.00 −2.4 −6.4 −5.8

Nebraska ........................................... 10.07 10.06 12.37 12.86 13.11 14.32 .1 −6.4 −3.8

North Dakota .................................... 10.01 10.21 9.72 9.65 9.28 9.13 −2.0 1.9 1.0

South Dakota .................................... 16.19 15.99 16.94 14.35 13.10 15.24 1.2 5.4 .7

South Atlantic Total.......................... 35.58 36.34 36.68 38.25 39.53 41.19 −2.1 −2.6 −1.6

Delaware ........................................... 40.52 41.05 41.51 42.27 41.98 46.41 −1.3 −.9 −1.5

Florida............................................... 40.03 41.82 42.40 43.93 43.71 44.26 −4.3 −2.2 −1.1

Georgia.............................................. 36.31 37.28 36.54 38.62 39.82 42.96 −2.6 −2.3 −1.8

Maryland........................................... 37.63 38.75 38.49 39.00 39.84 40.92 −2.9 −1.4 −.9

North Carolina .................................. 35.66 35.35 36.87 40.57 41.77 44.35 .9 −3.9 −2.4

South Carolina .................................. 37.05 37.21 37.54 38.86 39.84 43.08 −.4 −1.8 −1.7

Virginia ............................................. 34.73 34.98 35.73 36.90 37.05 39.29 −.7 −1.6 −1.4

West Virginia.................................... 30.06 30.68 30.93 31.61 34.70 35.33 −2.0 −3.5 −1.8

East South Central Total.................. 29.10 28.70 29.35 30.08 32.43 33.73 1.4 −2.7 −1.6

Alabama ............................................ 36.28 35.58 36.39 37.00 40.42 44.84 1.9 −2.7 −2.3

Kentucky........................................... 24.52 24.20 24.43 25.71 27.16 26.13 1.3 −2.5 −.7

Mississippi ........................................ 32.51 32.44 33.31 34.40 35.54 42.29 .2 −2.2 −2.9

Tennessee.......................................... 26.39 26.67 27.64 27.94 30.61 31.94 −1.0 −3.6 −2.1

West South Central Total ................ 19.34 19.69 20.13 20.66 20.79 22.69 −1.8 −1.8 −1.8

Arkansas............................................ 25.53 28.56 26.15 27.99 27.91 28.45 −10.6 −2.2 −1.2

Louisiana........................................... 23.15 23.97 24.74 25.13 25.04 26.64 −3.4 −1.9 −1.5

Oklahoma.......................................... 15.74 15.87 16.79 17.00 17.50 24.03 −.8 −2.6 −4.6

Texas................................................. 18.61 18.69 19.26 19.65 19.84 21.12 −.5 −1.6 −1.4

Mountain Total.................................. 20.83 21.52 21.82 21.51 21.83 21.80 −3.2 −1.2 −.5

Arizona.............................................. 27.12 28.95 29.55 28.65 28.26 28.81 −6.3 −1.0 −.7

Colorado............................................ 19.41 19.93 20.24 20.73 21.01 20.95 −2.6 −2.0 −.8

Montana ............................................ 11.36 11.52 11.90 11.47 11.79 9.81 −1.3 −.9 1.6

Nevada .............................................. 29.07 31.10 30.44 29.02 32.37 33.80 −6.5 −2.6 −1.7

New Mexico ..................................... 23.72 24.23 26.04 25.59 25.48 22.61 −2.1 −1.8 .5

Utah................................................... 25.97 25.22 24.66 25.27 26.10 28.05 3.0 −.1 −.8

Wyoming .......................................... 13.83 14.16 14.30 14.29 14.09 14.86 −2.3 −.4 −.8

Pacific Total ....................................... 23.07 25.19 23.96 22.83 21.93 25.40 −8.4 1.3 −1.1

Oregon .............................................. 18.92 19.95 18.81 18.79 19.18 − −5.2 −.3 −

Washington ....................................... 24.44 26.15 24.91 23.74 22.93 25.40 −6.5 1.6 −.4

U.S. Total............................................ 25.64 26.16 26.45 27.01 28.03 30.15 −2.0 −2.2 −1.8

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

222 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 93. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by

Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Real Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ $38.10 $39.13 $39.78 $40.32 $40.73 $49.66 −2.6 −1.6 −2.9

Connecticut ....................................... 42.22 44.82 45.71 45.89 44.20 63.41 −5.8 −1.1 −4.4

Massachusetts ................................... 37.53 38.28 38.94 39.66 40.92 46.47 −1.9 −2.1 −2.3

New Hampshire ................................ 37.57 38.19 38.56 38.76 37.74 51.48 −1.6 −.1 −3.4

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 30.46 30.81 32.04 32.21 34.56 41.28 −1.1 −3.1 −3.3

New Jersey........................................ 37.01 41.17 41.58 43.88 46.14 52.21 −10.1 −5.4 −3.8

New York ......................................... 33.22 33.44 33.93 34.29 35.81 44.95 −.6 −1.8 −3.3

Pennsylvania ..................................... 29.53 29.82 31.11 31.15 33.67 39.58 −1.0 −3.2 −3.2

East North Central Total ................. 24.41 24.81 25.83 27.60 29.08 38.02 −1.6 −4.3 −4.8

Illinois ............................................... 26.81 27.25 29.35 30.30 31.11 43.23 −1.6 −3.6 −5.2

Indiana .............................................. 20.96 21.82 22.53 24.13 25.49 32.42 −3.9 −4.8 −4.7

Michigan ........................................... 25.01 25.92 26.79 28.79 31.30 43.29 −3.5 −5.4 −5.9

Ohio .................................................. 28.85 28.14 29.51 32.03 33.01 39.25 2.5 −3.3 −3.4

Wisconsin.......................................... 17.72 18.30 17.85 19.75 22.01 31.33 −3.2 −5.3 −6.1

West North Central Total ................ 13.23 13.79 14.18 14.98 15.94 22.13 −4.0 −4.5 −5.5

Iowa .................................................. 13.42 14.54 14.88 15.93 16.55 24.27 −7.7 −5.1 −6.4

Kansas............................................... 15.14 16.04 15.99 16.59 16.98 24.53 −5.6 −2.8 −5.2

Minnesota.......................................... 16.86 17.45 17.35 18.72 19.11 23.42 −3.4 −3.1 −3.6

Missouri ............................................ 14.55 15.05 15.81 16.88 20.35 31.22 −3.4 −8.0 −8.1

Nebraska ........................................... 8.93 9.01 11.30 11.97 12.48 15.97 −.9 −8.0 −6.2

North Dakota .................................... 8.88 9.15 8.88 8.98 8.83 10.18 −2.9 .1 −1.5

South Dakota .................................... 14.36 14.32 15.47 13.35 12.46 16.98 .3 3.6 −1.8

South Atlantic Total.......................... 31.57 32.56 33.50 35.58 37.61 45.92 −3.0 −4.3 −4.1

Delaware ........................................... 35.95 36.78 37.91 39.32 39.94 51.74 −2.3 −2.6 −4.0

Florida............................................... 35.52 37.47 38.72 40.86 41.59 49.35 −5.2 −3.9 −3.6

Georgia.............................................. 32.22 33.40 33.37 35.92 37.89 47.89 −3.5 −4.0 −4.3

Maryland........................................... 33.39 34.72 35.15 36.28 37.91 45.62 −3.8 −3.1 −3.4

North Carolina .................................. 31.64 31.68 33.67 37.74 39.74 49.45 −.1 −5.5 −4.8

South Carolina .................................. 32.88 33.34 34.29 36.14 37.91 48.03 −1.4 −3.5 −4.1

Virginia ............................................. 30.82 31.35 32.63 34.33 35.25 43.81 −1.7 −3.3 −3.8

West Virginia.................................... 26.67 27.49 28.24 29.40 33.02 39.39 −3.0 −5.2 −4.2

East South Central Total.................. 25.82 25.72 26.80 27.98 30.86 37.61 .4 −4.4 −4.1

Alabama ............................................ 32.19 31.88 33.23 34.42 38.46 49.98 .9 −4.3 −4.8

Kentucky........................................... 21.76 21.69 22.31 23.91 25.84 29.14 .3 −4.2 −3.2

Mississippi ........................................ 28.85 29.07 30.42 32.00 33.81 47.15 −.7 −3.9 −5.3

Tennessee.......................................... 23.42 23.90 25.24 26.00 29.13 35.61 −2.0 −5.3 −4.5

West South Central Total ................ 17.16 17.64 18.38 19.22 19.78 25.29 −2.7 −3.5 −4.2

Arkansas............................................ 22.65 25.59 23.89 26.03 26.55 31.72 −11.5 −3.9 −3.7

Louisiana........................................... 20.54 21.48 22.59 23.37 23.83 29.70 −4.4 −3.6 −4.0

Oklahoma.......................................... 13.97 14.22 15.34 15.82 16.65 26.78 −1.8 −4.3 −7.0

Texas................................................. 16.51 16.75 17.59 18.28 18.87 23.55 −1.4 −3.3 −3.9

Mountain Total.................................. 18.48 19.28 19.93 20.01 20.77 24.31 −4.1 −2.9 −3.0

Arizona.............................................. 24.06 25.94 26.98 26.65 26.89 32.12 −7.2 −2.7 −3.1

Colorado............................................ 17.22 17.86 18.48 19.28 19.99 23.36 −3.6 −3.6 −3.3

Montana ............................................ 10.08 10.32 10.87 10.67 11.21 10.94 −2.3 −2.6 −.9

Nevada .............................................. 25.80 27.86 27.80 26.99 30.80 37.68 −7.4 −4.3 −4.1

New Mexico ..................................... 21.05 21.71 23.78 23.81 24.24 25.20 −3.0 −3.5 −2.0

Utah................................................... 23.05 22.60 22.52 23.51 24.83 31.27 2.0 −1.8 −3.3

Wyoming .......................................... 12.27 12.69 13.06 13.29 13.40 16.57 −3.3 −2.2 −3.3

Pacific Total ....................................... 20.47 22.57 21.89 21.24 20.87 28.32 −9.3 −.5 −3.5

Oregon .............................................. 16.79 17.88 17.17 17.48 18.25 − −6.1 −2.1 −

Washington ....................................... 21.68 23.43 22.75 22.08 21.81 28.32 −7.4 −.1 −2.9

U.S. Total............................................ 22.75 23.44 24.16 25.12 26.67 33.61 −2.9 −3.9 −4.2

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D2. Average prices

are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 223 
Table 94. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants By Census

Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ w $63.46 $57.36 $56.90 $55.73 $64.78 w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ $36.53 w w w w w w w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w $41.52 $40.11 $41.91 $42.20 $43.81 w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... $34.33 34.20 33.84 34.07 33.66 35.93 0.4 0.5 −0.5

East North Central Total ................. 33.22 33.53 34.44 34.89 34.72 35.34 −.9 −1.1 −.7

Illinois ............................................... 29.46 29.76 29.69 29.03 29.13 31.17 −1.0 .3 −.6

Indiana .............................................. 30.21 29.75 31.76 33.14 31.35 32.88 1.5 −.9 −.9

Michigan ........................................... 40.40 41.94 41.28 41.18 41.20 41.46 −3.6 −.5 −.3

Ohio .................................................. 33.52 34.05 35.28 35.18 35.75 33.79 −1.5 −1.6 −.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 40.42 40.03 40.02 40.21 41.23 42.18 1.0 −.5 −.5

West North Central Total ................ 18.72 19.02 19.05 18.92 18.61 18.02 −1.6 .1 .4

Iowa .................................................. 28.19 28.92 29.32 29.24 28.52 30.86 −2.5 −.3 −1.0

Kansas............................................... 31.08 31.93 32.46 32.42 32.25 28.41 −2.6 −.9 1.0

Minnesota.......................................... 29.70 31.03 28.85 34.40 35.66 36.51 −4.3 −4.5 −2.3

Missouri ............................................ 30.48 30.06 31.37 32.81 32.87 29.56 1.4 −1.9 .3

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... $23.99 $23.36 $24.90 $22.21 $21.78 $15.70 2.7 2.4 4.8

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... $44.62 $45.13 $45.69 $46.63 $46.60 $46.05 −1.1 −1.1 −.3

Georgia.............................................. 44.54 44.84 44.21 44.64 45.71 42.97 −.6 −.6 .4

Maryland........................................... 32.41 32.62 32.52 31.66 32.18 31.62 −.6 .2 .3

North Carolina .................................. 42.72 43.14 43.36 43.29 43.62 42.63 −1.0 −.5 *

South Carolina .................................. 44.03 44.23 44.08 43.16 43.84 42.18 −.4 .1 .5

Virginia ............................................. 43.60 43.85 43.51 42.50 41.56 38.92 −.5 1.2 1.3

West Virginia.................................... 48.24 35.31 33.37 33.61 32.73 30.85 36.6 10.2 5.1

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ $39.49 $40.20 $40.15 $39.53 $38.74 $40.36 −1.8 .5 −.2

Kentucky........................................... 43.66 44.71 44.02 44.09 43.22 45.27 −2.3 .3 −.4

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... $36.62 $36.33 $35.21 $35.68 $35.34 $34.57 .8 .9 .6

West South Central Total ................ 22.91 22.42 21.79 22.04 22.95 23.04 2.2 * −.1

Arkansas............................................ 41.58 42.38 43.24 43.52 44.28 44.31 −1.9 −1.6 −.7

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas................................................. $21.05 $20.13 $18.99 $18.76 $19.54 $18.45 4.6 1.9 1.5

Mountain Total.................................. w 27.14 26.70 27.06 28.78 28.73 w w w

Arizona.............................................. $38.67 38.81 39.27 40.46 41.35 39.78 −.3 −1.6 −.3

Colorado............................................ 23.75 w w w w w w w w

Idaho ................................................. 34.31 $34.57 $36.39 $34.11 $33.35 $32.52 −.7 .7 .6

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... $19.05 $19.28 $19.10 $19.74 $26.57 $26.79 −1.2 −8.0 −3.7

Wyoming .......................................... 24.10 23.68 22.32 22.72 22.87 24.14 1.8 1.3 *

Pacific Total ....................................... 43.12 43.24 42.45 43.68 44.92 44.12 −.3 −1.0 −.3

California .......................................... 41.02 40.14 39.54 41.11 43.39 43.74 2.2 −1.4 −.7

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... w $59.80 $58.81 $59.15 $58.86 $49.50 w w w

U.S. Total............................................ $32.30 32.41 32.32 32.42 32.55 33.03 −.3 −.2 −.2

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

224 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 95. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by

Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Real 1992 Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ w $56.86 $52.38 $52.93 $53.03 $72.22 w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ $32.42 w w w w w w w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... $37.22 $37.20 $36.63 $38.98 $40.15 $48.85 * −1.9 −3.0

Pennsylvania ..................................... 30.46 30.64 30.90 31.69 32.03 40.06 −0.6 −1.2 −3.0

East North Central Total ................. 29.47 30.04 31.45 32.45 33.03 39.39 −1.9 −2.8 −3.2

Illinois ............................................... 26.14 26.66 27.11 27.01 27.71 34.75 −2.0 −1.4 −3.1

Indiana .............................................. 26.81 26.66 29.01 30.83 29.83 36.66 .5 −2.6 −3.4

Michigan ........................................... 35.85 37.58 37.70 38.30 39.20 46.22 −4.6 −2.2 −2.8

Ohio .................................................. 29.74 30.51 32.22 32.73 34.01 37.67 −2.5 −3.3 −2.6

Wisconsin.......................................... 35.86 35.86 36.55 37.40 39.23 47.02 * −2.2 −3.0

West North Central Total ................ 16.61 17.05 17.39 17.60 17.71 20.09 −2.5 −1.6 −2.1

Iowa .................................................. 25.02 25.91 26.78 27.20 27.13 34.41 −3.5 −2.0 −3.5

Kansas............................................... 27.58 28.61 29.64 30.16 30.68 31.68 −3.6 −2.6 −1.5

Minnesota.......................................... 26.35 27.81 26.35 32.00 33.93 40.71 −5.2 −6.1 −4.7

Missouri ............................................ 27.05 26.94 28.65 30.52 31.28 32.96 .4 −3.6 −2.2

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... $21.29 $20.93 $22.74 $20.66 $20.72 $17.50 1.7 .7 2.2

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... $39.59 $40.44 $41.72 $43.38 $44.34 $51.34 −2.1 −2.8 −2.8

Georgia.............................................. 39.52 40.18 40.37 41.52 43.49 47.91 −1.6 −2.4 −2.1

Maryland........................................... 28.76 29.23 29.70 29.45 30.61 35.25 −1.6 −1.5 −2.2

North Carolina .................................. 37.90 38.65 39.60 40.27 41.50 47.53 −1.9 −2.2 −2.5

South Carolina .................................. 39.07 39.63 40.25 40.15 41.71 47.02 −1.4 −1.6 −2.0

Virginia ............................................. 38.69 39.29 39.73 39.53 39.55 43.39 −1.5 −.5 −1.3

West Virginia.................................... 42.81 31.64 30.47 31.27 31.14 34.39 35.3 8.3 2.5

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ $35.04 $36.02 $36.67 $36.77 $36.86 $45.00 −2.7 −1.3 −2.7

Kentucky........................................... 38.74 40.06 40.20 41.01 41.12 50.47 −3.3 −1.5 −2.9

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... $32.49 $32.56 $32.16 $33.19 $33.63 $38.54 −.2 −.8 −1.9

West South Central Total ................ 20.33 20.09 19.90 20.50 21.83 25.69 1.2 −1.8 −2.6

Arkansas............................................ 36.89 37.97 39.49 40.48 42.13 49.40 −2.8 −3.3 −3.2

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas................................................. $18.67 $18.03 $17.34 $17.45 $18.59 $20.57 3.5 .1 −1.1

Mountain Total.................................. w 24.31 24.39 25.17 27.39 32.03 w w w

Arizona.............................................. $34.32 34.77 35.87 37.64 39.34 44.35 −1.3 −3.3 −2.8

Colorado............................................ 21.07 22.52 21.16 24.29 27.55 31.00 −6.4 −6.5 −4.2

Idaho ................................................. 30.45 w w w w w w w w

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... $16.90 $17.27 $17.45 $18.36 $25.28 $29.86 −2.1 −9.6 −6.1

Wyoming .......................................... 21.39 21.22 20.39 21.14 21.76 26.92 .8 −.4 −2.5

Pacific Total ....................................... 38.26 38.75 38.76 40.64 42.74 49.18 −1.3 −2.7 −2.8

California .......................................... 36.40 35.97 36.11 38.24 41.29 48.76 1.2 −3.1 −3.2

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... w $53.59 $53.71 $55.02 $56.01 $55.19 w w w

U.S. Total............................................ $28.66 29.04 29.52 30.16 30.97 36.82 −1.3 −1.9 −2.7

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators.

See Appendix D, Table D2. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 225 
Table 96. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division

and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Middle Atlantic Total........................ $44.16 w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... w $46.20 $45.16 $46.11 $46.25 $44.77 w w w

East North Central Total ................. $48.39 49.12 49.54 49.09 47.23 49.56 −1.5 0.6 −0.3

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. w $50.75 $51.93 $52.74 $50.90 $51.47 w w w

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. w $46.89 $44.98 $42.18 $42.02 $47.02 w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − w −− −

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. $46.43 w w w w w w w w

Alabama ............................................ w $50.04 $49.37 $48.42 $47.45 $46.67 w w w

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w −− −

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ $46.06 $47.61 $47.33 $47.34 $46.56 $47.50 −3.3 −.3 −.3

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Table 97. Average Real Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census

Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Real 1992 Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Middle Atlantic Total........................ $39.18 w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... w $41.40 $41.25 $42.89 $44.00 $49.92 w w w

East North Central Total ................. $42.93 44.01 45.24 45.67 44.94 55.25 −2.4 −1.1 −2.8

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. w $45.48 $47.43 $49.06 $48.43 $57.38 w w w

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. w $42.02 $41.08 $39.24 $39.98 $52.42 w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − w −− −

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. $41.20 w w w w w w w w

Alabama ............................................ w $44.84 $45.08 $45.04 $45.15 $52.03 w w w

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w −− −

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ $40.87 $42.66 $43.22 $44.04 $44.30 $52.95 −4.2 −2.0 −2.8

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D2. Average prices

are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

226 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Import/Export Prices

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 227 
Table 98. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of

Origin, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Origin 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

R RR North America Total......................... $35.38 $38.11 $36.51 $36.87 $32.64 $26.65 −7.2 2.0 3.2 R RR Canada .............................................. 35.40 38.11 36.52 36.94 32.71 26.35 −7.1 2.0 3.3

Mexico .............................................. 20.87 − 33.43 20.87 20.87 31.26 −−−4.4

R RR South America Total......................... 31.16 32.49 31.53 32.38 29.51 35.06 −4.1 1.4 −1.3 R RR Colombia........................................... 31.21 32.11 31.90 31.26 28.39 35.49 −2.8 2.4 −1.4 R RR Venezuela.......................................... 31.09 33.26 30.87 34.70 32.09 33.48 −6.5 −.8 −.8

Europe Total ...................................... 36.80 49.22 − 25.70 − 44.34 −25.2 − −2.0

Netherlands ....................................... − − − − − 44.34 − −−100.0

Norway.............................................. − 49.45 − − − − −100.0 − −

Spain ................................................. 36.48 − − − − −− − −

Switzerland ....................................... − 41.20 − − − − −100.0 − −

United Kingdom ............................... 42.03 − − 25.70 − −− − −

Asia Total ........................................... 34.13 33.05 32.45 35.13 34.09 − 3.2 * −

Indonesia........................................... 34.13 32.82 32.45 35.13 33.80 − 4.0 .2 −

Vietnam ............................................. − 49.09 − − 48.08 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 31.89 33.47 33.41 33.57 31.16 34.44 −4.7 .6 −.8

Australia............................................ 31.89 33.47 33.41 30.99 30.02 34.44 −4.7 1.5 −.8

New Zealand..................................... − − − 46.42 44.15 −− −100.0 −

Africa Total........................................ − − − − 25.33 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ −−−− 25.33 −− −100.0 −

R RR Total1 .................................................. 32.19 33.50 32.67 33.60 30.56 32.12 −3.9 1.3 *

R RR U.S. Total2.......................................... 32.18 34.32 33.78 34.05 30.71 34.14 −6.2 1.2 −.6

1 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within

the range of $20 to $55 per short ton, inclusively.

2 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports.

* Data round to zero.

R Revised Data.

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

228 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 99. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... $28.48 $30.57 $33.09 $34.05 $32.42 $42.29 −6.8 −3.2 −4.3

Canada1 ............................................ 27.65 29.16 32.23 33.49 32.08 42.35 −5.2 −3.6 −4.6

Mexico .............................................. 38.61 41.31 39.70 39.96 44.28 41.79 −6.5 −3.4 −.9

Other2 ............................................... 37.38 38.08 38.03 34.29 35.58 33.13 −1.8 1.2 1.3

South America Total......................... 42.82 43.94 43.81 43.46 42.28 43.50 −2.6 .3 −.2

Argentina .......................................... 44.67 47.69 46.36 43.40 42.48 44.54 −6.3 1.3 *

Brazil................................................. 42.85 44.12 44.67 43.88 42.26 45.65 −2.9 .3 −.7

Chile.................................................. 28.67 32.24 32.37 31.70 34.47 29.79 −11.1 −4.5 −.4

Venezuela.......................................... 40.86 40.84 40.87 36.85 40.89 39.28 * * .4

Other2 ............................................... 43.30 40.73 36.83 47.24 40.81 39.99 6.3 1.5 .9

Europe Total ...................................... 43.28 43.02 42.10 40.92 41.86 42.51 .6 .8 .2

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 46.38 45.71 45.73 43.47 42.23 43.46 1.5 2.4 .7

Bulgaria............................................. 44.57 46.42 44.26 44.04 42.09 49.44 −4.0 1.4 −1.1

Denmark............................................ 34.02 31.72 29.30 29.37 29.23 32.96 7.2 3.9 .3

Finland .............................................. 40.50 41.63 42.11 39.47 41.14 42.45 −2.7 −.4 −.5

France................................................ 46.07 45.96 44.94 43.71 44.23 41.22 .2 1.0 1.2

Germany, FR .................................... 35.49 44.59 41.08 34.99 45.33 42.86 −20.4 −5.9 −2.1

Iceland............................................... 55.88 59.33 57.49 56.04 38.00 47.84 −5.8 10.1 1.7

Ireland ............................................... 36.38 37.99 37.35 36.07 33.82 38.11 −4.2 1.8 −.5

Italy ................................................... 46.53 45.54 45.05 44.14 43.00 43.60 2.2 2.0 .7

Netherlands ....................................... 45.26 44.97 41.36 41.97 41.93 40.81 .6 1.9 1.1

Norway.............................................. 55.80 58.38 57.05 56.42 54.57 52.37 −4.4 .5 .7

Portugal............................................. 38.03 36.76 36.53 36.46 36.25 40.23 3.4 1.2 −.6

Romania ............................................ 42.31 44.58 46.95 42.43 38.10 45.40 −5.1 2.6 −.8

Spain ................................................. 42.89 37.01 37.56 34.75 40.12 46.49 15.9 1.7 −.9

Sweden.............................................. 47.16 48.19 47.50 48.21 45.56 44.84 −2.1 .9 .6

Turkey............................................... 44.92 46.07 44.33 42.61 41.28 43.35 −2.5 2.1 .4

United Kingdom ............................... 39.01 39.30 38.90 40.92 45.06 45.61 −.7 −3.5 −1.7

Other2 ............................................... 34.93 34.59 33.96 38.06 40.92 43.58 1.0 −3.9 −2.4

Asia Total ........................................... 39.37 39.73 39.57 39.10 38.63 42.21 −.9 .5 −.8

China (Mainland).............................. 30.29 33.94 − 34.42 − −−10.7 − −

China (Taiwan)................................. 36.29 36.75 36.86 36.95 38.65 37.79 −1.2 −1.5 −.4

Israel.................................................. 33.50 36.81 36.40 35.79 33.23 39.17 −9.0 .2 −1.7

Japan ................................................. 38.59 39.00 39.41 39.14 38.52 43.00 −1.0 * −1.2

Korea, Republic of ........................... 44.79 43.98 42.72 40.97 40.24 44.78 1.8 2.7 *

Other2 ............................................... 45.88 40.42 48.89 29.70 37.24 52.83 13.5 5.3 −1.5

Oceania & Australia Total............... 48.03 40.79 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.98 17.7 4.7 3.6

Other2 ............................................... 48.03 40.79 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.98 17.7 4.7 3.6

Africa Total........................................ 45.52 48.50 44.36 43.07 43.59 40.14 −6.1 1.1 1.4

Algeria .............................................. 43.77 46.64 50.23 47.80 43.24 46.02 −6.1 .3 −.5

Egypt................................................. 43.59 51.29 53.37 49.36 43.14 45.59 −15.0 .3 −.5

Morocco ............................................ 31.57 30.67 33.93 33.00 35.03 30.97 2.9 −2.6 .2

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 48.13 48.66 49.55 47.38 45.67 − −1.1 1.3 −

Other2 ............................................... 38.85 39.27 −−− 39.92 −1.1 − −.3

Total3 .................................................. 38.55 40.24 40.53 40.03 39.90 42.43 −4.2 −.8 −1.1

U.S. Total4.......................................... 38.89 40.55 40.76 40.27 39.93 42.52 −4.1 −.6 −1.0

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1997.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 229 
Table 100. Average Real Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination,

1989, 1994-1998

(Real 1992 Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... $25.27 $27.40 $30.22 $31.67 $30.84 $47.14 −7.8 −4.8 −6.7

Canada1 ............................................ 24.54 26.13 29.43 31.15 30.52 47.21 −6.1 −5.3 −7.0

Mexico .............................................. 34.26 37.01 36.26 37.17 42.13 46.58 −7.4 −5.0 −3.3

Other2 ............................................... 33.17 34.12 34.73 31.90 33.86 36.94 −2.8 −.5 −1.2

South America Total......................... 37.99 39.38 40.00 40.43 40.23 48.50 −3.5 −1.4 −2.7

Argentina .......................................... 39.64 42.74 42.34 40.38 40.42 49.65 −7.3 −.5 −2.5

Brazil................................................. 38.02 39.54 40.80 40.82 40.21 50.89 −3.8 −1.4 −3.2

Chile.................................................. 25.44 28.89 29.56 29.49 32.80 33.21 −11.9 −6.1 −2.9

Venezuela.......................................... 36.25 36.59 37.32 34.27 38.90 43.79 −.9 −1.7 −2.1

Other2 ............................................... 38.42 36.50 33.64 43.95 38.83 44.58 5.3 −.3 −1.6

Europe Total ...................................... 38.40 38.55 38.45 38.06 39.83 47.39 −.4 −.9 −2.3

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 41.15 40.96 41.76 40.44 40.18 48.45 .5 .6 −1.8

Bulgaria............................................. 39.55 41.59 40.42 40.96 40.05 55.12 −4.9 −.3 −3.6

Denmark............................................ 30.19 28.43 26.76 27.32 27.81 36.74 6.2 2.1 −2.1

Finland .............................................. 35.93 37.31 38.46 36.72 39.14 47.32 −3.7 −2.1 −3.0

France................................................ 40.88 41.18 41.04 40.66 42.09 45.96 −.7 −.7 −1.3

Germany, FR .................................... 31.49 39.96 37.51 32.55 43.13 47.78 −21.2 −7.6 −4.5

Iceland............................................... 49.58 53.16 52.51 52.13 36.16 53.33 −6.7 8.2 −.8

Ireland ............................................... 32.28 34.04 34.11 33.55 32.18 42.49 −5.2 .1 −3.0

Italy ................................................... 41.29 40.80 41.14 41.06 40.91 48.61 1.2 .2 −1.8

Netherlands ....................................... 40.16 40.29 37.77 39.04 39.89 45.50 −.3 .2 −1.4

Norway.............................................. 49.52 52.31 52.10 52.48 51.92 58.39 −5.3 −1.2 −1.8

Portugal............................................. 33.75 32.94 33.36 33.91 34.49 44.85 2.4 −.5 −3.1

Romania ............................................ 37.54 39.95 42.88 39.47 36.25 50.61 −6.0 .9 −3.3

Spain ................................................. 38.06 33.16 34.30 32.32 38.18 51.83 14.8 −.1 −3.4

Sweden.............................................. 41.84 43.18 43.38 44.84 43.35 49.99 −3.1 −.9 −1.9

Turkey............................................... 39.86 41.28 40.48 39.64 39.28 48.32 −3.4 .4 −2.1

United Kingdom ............................... 34.61 35.22 35.52 38.07 42.87 50.85 −1.7 −5.2 −4.2

Other2 ............................................... 30.99 31.00 31.01 35.41 38.94 48.58 * −5.5 −4.9

Asia Total ........................................... 34.93 35.60 36.14 36.37 36.76 47.06 −1.9 −1.3 −3.3

China (Mainland).............................. 26.88 30.41 − 32.01 − −−11.6 − −

China (Taiwan)................................. 32.20 32.93 33.66 34.37 36.77 42.13 −2.2 −3.3 −2.9

Israel.................................................. 29.73 32.99 33.24 33.29 31.62 43.67 −9.9 −1.5 −4.2

Japan ................................................. 34.24 34.95 35.99 36.41 36.66 47.93 −2.0 −1.7 −3.7

Korea, Republic of ........................... 39.75 39.41 39.02 38.11 38.29 49.93 .8 .9 −2.5

Other2 ............................................... 40.71 36.21 44.65 27.62 35.43 58.90 12.4 3.5 −4.0

Oceania & Australia Total............... 42.62 36.55 37.18 37.09 38.05 38.99 16.6 2.9 1.0

Other2 ............................................... 42.62 36.55 37.18 37.09 38.05 38.99 16.6 2.9 1.0

Africa Total........................................ 40.39 43.46 40.51 40.06 41.48 44.74 −7.1 −.7 −1.1

Algeria .............................................. 38.84 41.79 45.88 44.46 41.14 51.31 −7.1 −1.4 −3.0

Egypt................................................. 38.68 45.96 48.74 45.92 41.04 50.82 −15.8 −1.5 −3.0

Morocco ............................................ 28.01 27.48 30.99 30.69 33.33 34.53 1.9 −4.3 −2.3

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 42.70 43.61 45.25 44.08 43.45 − −2.1 −.4 −

Other2 ............................................... 34.47 35.19 −−− 44.50 −2.0 − −2.8

Total3 .................................................. 34.20 36.06 37.01 37.24 37.96 47.30 −5.1 −2.6 −3.5

U.S. Total4.......................................... 34.51 36.34 37.22 37.46 37.99 47.40 −5.0 −2.4 −3.5

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1997.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D2. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

230 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 101. Average Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by Destination,

1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... $34.44 $35.39 $36.79 $37.25 $35.08 $46.09 −2.7 −0.5 −3.2

Canada1 ............................................ 34.38 34.10 35.99 36.55 34.58 46.12 .8 −.1 −3.2

Mexico .............................................. 50.28 49.86 47.36 46.90 44.54 − .8 3.1 −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 36.38 − −−100.0

South America Total......................... 42.96 44.32 44.61 43.66 42.29 45.54 −3.0 .4 −.6

Argentina .......................................... 44.93 48.88 46.87 43.54 42.56 44.54 −8.1 1.4 .1

Brazil................................................. 42.86 44.15 44.73 43.89 42.26 45.65 −2.9 .3 −.7

Chile.................................................. − − 30.26 30.26 − 48.84 − −−100.0

Venezuela.......................................... − − 50.76 − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 44.46 − − − − −− − −

Europe Total ...................................... 46.84 47.60 47.68 46.02 44.56 45.26 −1.6 1.3 .4

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 47.34 48.34 48.68 45.97 45.07 45.07 −2.0 1.2 .5

Bulgaria............................................. 44.57 46.42 43.36 44.04 42.13 49.90 −4.0 1.4 −1.2

Denmark............................................ − − − − − 34.97 − −−100.0

Finland .............................................. 40.50 43.37 44.21 42.65 42.34 42.41 −6.6 −1.1 −.5

France................................................ 46.35 47.20 47.13 45.08 44.36 43.46 −1.8 1.1 .7

Germany, FR .................................... 46.41 47.84 49.87 47.52 45.88 46.02 −3.0 .3 .1

Iceland............................................... 55.88 59.33 57.43 56.04 38.00 52.62 −5.8 10.1 .7

Ireland ............................................... − 37.42 − − − 36.20 −100.0 − −100.0

Italy ................................................... 48.02 48.85 47.90 46.61 45.32 46.20 −1.7 1.4 .4

Netherlands ....................................... 46.88 47.10 47.29 46.56 44.96 44.83 −.5 1.0 .5

Norway.............................................. 55.70 58.38 57.05 56.42 54.57 55.92 −4.6 .5 *

Portugal............................................. 45.49 44.31 45.20 46.45 − 43.30 2.7 − .5

Romania ............................................ 42.31 45.31 46.95 43.02 34.71 45.41 −6.6 5.1 −.8

Spain ................................................. 48.62 49.23 50.92 49.02 46.36 47.31 −1.3 1.2 .3

Sweden.............................................. 47.16 48.19 48.20 48.20 45.56 46.84 −2.1 .9 .1

Turkey............................................... 44.93 46.08 44.54 43.28 41.28 43.35 −2.5 2.1 .4

United Kingdom ............................... 47.74 48.49 49.08 47.22 45.15 46.44 −1.5 1.4 .3

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 44.25 − −−100.0

Asia Total ........................................... 43.59 43.64 43.45 42.38 41.45 44.40 −.1 1.3 −.2

China (Taiwan)................................. 42.54 42.95 45.24 44.48 42.48 45.50 −.9 * −.7

Israel.................................................. 35.69 39.79 40.91 40.91 − 39.92 −10.3 − −1.2

Japan ................................................. 42.29 41.68 42.19 41.14 40.57 43.83 1.5 1.0 −.4

Korea, Republic of ........................... 46.75 47.68 46.08 45.98 44.00 46.23 −1.9 1.5 .1

Other2 ............................................... 57.72 57.41 59.36 − − 54.43 .5 − .6

Oceania & Australia Total............... 55.11 − − − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 55.11 − − − − −− − −

Africa Total........................................ 45.92 49.69 50.87 48.52 43.95 45.56 −7.6 1.1 .1

Algeria .............................................. 43.77 46.64 50.23 47.80 43.24 46.02 −6.1 .3 −.5

Egypt................................................. 43.60 51.31 53.38 49.38 43.14 45.59 −15.0 .3 −.5

Morocco ............................................ − − 30.30 − − 33.11 − −−100.0

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 48.13 48.66 49.55 47.38 45.67 − −1.1 1.3 −

Total3 .................................................. 44.48 45.36 45.40 44.24 42.75 45.17 −1.9 1.0 −.2

U.S. Total4.......................................... 44.58 45.45 45.49 44.30 42.77 45.19 −1.9 1.0 −.1

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1997.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 231 
Table 102. Average Real Price of U.S. Metallurgical Coal Exports by

Destination, 1989, 1994-1998

(Real 1992 Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... $30.56 $31.71 $33.59 $34.65 $33.38 $51.38 −3.6 −2.2 −5.6

Canada1 ............................................ 30.51 30.55 32.87 34.00 32.90 51.41 −.1 −1.9 −5.6

Mexico .............................................. 44.61 44.67 43.25 43.63 42.38 − −.1 1.3 −

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 40.56 − −−100.0

South America Total......................... 38.12 39.71 40.74 40.62 40.23 50.77 −4.0 −1.3 −3.1

Argentina .......................................... 39.87 43.80 42.80 40.50 40.49 49.65 −9.0 −.4 −2.4

Brazil................................................. 38.03 39.56 40.85 40.83 40.21 50.89 −3.9 −1.4 −3.2

Chile.................................................. − − 27.64 28.15 − 54.45 − −−100.0

Venezuela.......................................... − − 46.36 − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 39.45 − − − − −− − −

Europe Total ...................................... 41.56 42.66 43.54 42.81 42.40 50.46 −2.6 −.5 −2.1

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 42.01 43.31 44.46 42.76 42.89 50.24 −3.0 −.5 −2.0

Bulgaria............................................. 39.55 41.59 39.60 40.96 40.08 55.62 −4.9 −.3 −3.7

Denmark............................................ − − − − − 38.99 − −−100.0

Finland .............................................. 35.93 38.86 40.37 39.67 40.29 47.28 −7.5 −2.8 −3.0

France................................................ 41.13 42.30 43.04 41.94 42.21 48.45 −2.8 −.6 −1.8

Germany, FR .................................... 41.18 42.87 45.55 44.20 43.66 51.30 −3.9 −1.4 −2.4

Iceland............................................... 49.58 53.16 52.45 52.13 36.16 58.66 −6.7 8.2 −1.8

Ireland ............................................... − 33.53 − − − 40.36 −100.0 − −100.0

Italy ................................................... 42.61 43.78 43.74 43.36 43.13 51.51 −2.7 −.3 −2.1

Netherlands ....................................... 41.60 42.21 43.19 43.31 42.78 49.98 −1.4 −.7 −2.0

Norway.............................................. 49.42 52.31 52.10 52.48 51.92 62.34 −5.5 −1.2 −2.5

Portugal............................................. 40.36 39.70 41.28 43.21 − 48.28 1.6 − −2.0

Romania ............................................ 37.54 40.60 42.88 40.02 33.02 50.62 −7.5 3.3 −3.3

Spain ................................................. 43.14 44.11 46.50 45.60 44.11 52.74 −2.2 −.5 −2.2

Sweden.............................................. 41.84 43.18 44.01 44.84 43.35 52.22 −3.1 −.9 −2.4

Turkey............................................... 39.87 41.29 40.67 40.26 39.28 48.32 −3.4 .4 −2.1

United Kingdom ............................... 42.36 43.45 44.83 43.92 42.96 51.77 −2.5 −.3 −2.2

Other2 ............................................... − − − − − 49.33 − −−100.0

Asia Total ........................................... 38.68 39.10 39.68 39.42 39.44 49.50 −1.1 −.5 −2.7

China (Taiwan)................................. 37.75 38.49 41.31 41.37 40.42 50.73 −1.9 −1.7 −3.2

Israel.................................................. 31.66 35.65 37.36 38.06 − 44.50 −11.2 − −3.7

Japan ................................................. 37.53 37.35 38.53 38.27 38.60 48.86 .5 −.7 −2.9

Korea, Republic of ........................... 41.48 42.73 42.08 42.77 41.86 51.54 −2.9 −.2 −2.4

Other2 ............................................... 51.22 51.44 54.21 − − 60.68 −.4 − −1.9

Oceania & Australia Total............... 48.90 − − − − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 48.90 − − − − −− − −

Africa Total........................................ 40.74 44.53 46.45 45.14 41.81 50.80 −8.5 −.6 −2.4

Algeria .............................................. 38.84 41.79 45.88 44.46 41.14 51.31 −7.1 −1.4 −3.0

Egypt................................................. 38.68 45.97 48.75 45.93 41.05 50.82 −15.8 −1.5 −3.0

Morocco ............................................ − − 27.67 − − 36.91 − −−100.0

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 42.70 43.61 45.25 44.08 43.45 − −2.1 −.4 −

Total3 .................................................. 39.47 40.64 41.46 41.16 40.68 50.36 −2.9 −.8 −2.7

U.S. Total4.......................................... 39.56 40.72 41.54 41.21 40.69 50.38 −2.9 −.7 −2.6

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1997.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D2. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

232 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 103. Average Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination,

1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... $26.76 $28.26 $29.41 $31.06 $30.09 $39.51 −5.3 −2.9 −4.2

Canada1 ............................................ 25.51 26.64 28.06 30.46 29.97 39.56 −4.3 −3.9 −4.8

Mexico .............................................. 38.48 38.67 36.21 35.60 41.42 41.79 −.5 −1.8 −.9

Other2 ............................................... 37.38 38.08 38.03 34.29 35.58 32.39 −1.8 1.2 1.6

South America Total......................... 37.82 38.78 34.94 35.66 36.52 29.23 −2.5 .9 2.9

Argentina .......................................... 40.80 40.79 40.53 36.09 33.11 40.75 * 5.4 *

Brazil................................................. 40.81 42.12 40.57 34.81 − −−3.1 − −

Chile.................................................. 28.67 32.24 32.76 32.96 34.47 29.20 −11.1 −4.5 −.2

Venezuela.......................................... 40.86 40.84 40.83 36.85 40.89 39.28 * * .4

Other2 ............................................... 40.74 40.73 36.83 47.24 40.81 39.99 * * .2

Europe Total ...................................... 31.22 32.52 33.71 34.33 35.01 36.77 −4.0 −2.8 −1.8

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 35.91 36.34 36.69 35.07 33.49 33.62 −1.2 1.8 .7

Bulgaria............................................. − − 50.55 − 41.40 48.99 − −100.0 −100.0

Denmark............................................ 34.02 31.72 29.30 29.37 29.23 32.87 7.2 3.9 .4

Finland .............................................. − 36.20 35.23 35.53 35.47 45.02 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

France................................................ 36.14 34.84 36.14 35.13 38.11 34.76 3.7 −1.3 .4

Germany, FR .................................... 30.70 35.04 31.92 33.31 40.67 35.68 −12.4 −6.8 −1.6

Iceland............................................... − − 57.93 − − 45.94 − −−100.0

Ireland ............................................... 36.38 38.13 37.35 36.07 33.82 38.41 −4.6 1.8 −.6

Italy ................................................... 37.66 39.30 41.20 41.70 38.30 39.82 −4.2 −.4 −.6

Netherlands ....................................... 27.91 32.52 32.94 36.45 35.95 36.52 −14.2 −6.1 −2.9

Norway.............................................. 56.66 − − − − 47.24 − − 2.0

Portugal............................................. 33.60 35.48 35.60 36.28 36.25 39.22 −5.3 −1.9 −1.7

Romania ............................................ − 29.17 − 39.08 40.63 38.78 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Spain ................................................. 22.43 22.38 22.14 21.37 21.19 32.77 .2 1.4 −4.1

Sweden.............................................. − − 39.21 48.54 − 39.64 − −−100.0

Turkey............................................... 40.78 42.02 41.28 30.98 − 39.90 −2.9 − .2

United Kingdom ............................... 28.64 29.99 28.82 30.63 42.71 34.87 −4.5 −9.5 −2.2

Other2 ............................................... 34.93 34.59 33.96 38.06 40.92 39.23 1.0 −3.9 −1.3

Asia Total ........................................... 34.18 34.94 35.84 34.63 35.18 37.41 −2.2 −.7 −1.0

China (Mainland).............................. 30.29 33.94 − 34.42 − −−10.7 − −

China (Taiwan)................................. 34.46 34.71 35.33 35.66 38.28 36.12 −.7 −2.6 −.5

Israel.................................................. 33.15 35.92 35.12 34.63 33.23 38.84 −7.7 * −1.7

Japan ................................................. 33.88 34.97 36.31 35.03 33.57 39.03 −3.1 .2 −1.5

Korea, Republic of ........................... 35.43 35.01 35.32 32.01 32.56 37.98 1.2 2.1 −.8

Other2 ............................................... 43.65 32.61 38.26 29.70 37.24 37.49 33.8 4.0 1.7

Oceania & Australia Total............... 37.25 40.79 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.98 −8.7 −1.8 .7

Other2 ............................................... 37.25 40.79 40.71 39.87 39.99 34.98 −8.7 −1.8 .7

Africa Total........................................ 32.38 32.31 34.02 33.01 35.12 30.90 .2 −2.0 .5

Egypt................................................. 39.88 40.73 40.78 40.81 40.89 − −2.1 −.6 −

Morocco ............................................ 31.57 30.67 34.01 33.00 35.03 30.90 2.9 −2.6 .2

South Africa, Rep of ........................ −−− 39.80 − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 38.85 39.27 −−− 39.92 −1.1 − −.3

Total3 .................................................. 29.34 31.61 33.51 33.89 34.03 37.31 −7.2 −3.6 −2.6

U.S. Total4.......................................... 30.24 32.42 34.09 34.51 34.34 37.64 −6.7 −3.1 −2.4

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1997.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 233 
Table 104. Average Real Price of U.S. Steam Coal Exports by Destination,

1989, 1994-1998

(Real 1992 Dollars per Short Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... $23.75 $25.32 $26.86 $28.90 $28.63 $44.05 −6.2 −4.6 −6.6

Canada1 ............................................ 22.63 23.87 25.62 28.34 28.51 44.10 −5.2 −5.6 −7.1

Mexico .............................................. 34.15 34.65 33.06 33.12 39.41 46.58 −1.5 −3.5 −3.4

Other2 ............................................... 33.17 34.12 34.73 31.90 33.86 36.11 −2.8 −.5 −.9

South America Total......................... 33.55 34.75 31.91 33.17 34.75 32.58 −3.4 −.9 .3

Argentina .......................................... 36.20 36.55 37.01 33.57 31.50 45.43 −.9 3.5 −2.5

Brazil................................................. 36.21 37.74 37.05 32.39 − −−4.0 − −

Chile.................................................. 25.44 28.89 29.92 30.66 32.80 32.55 −11.9 −6.1 −2.7

Venezuela.......................................... 36.25 36.59 37.28 34.27 38.90 43.79 −.9 −1.7 −2.1

Other2 ............................................... 36.15 36.50 33.64 43.95 38.83 44.58 −1.0 −1.8 −2.3

Europe Total ...................................... 27.70 29.14 30.79 31.93 33.31 41.00 −4.9 −4.5 −4.3

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 31.87 32.56 33.51 32.62 31.86 37.48 −2.1 * −1.8

Bulgaria............................................. − − 46.17 − 39.39 54.61 − −100.0 −100.0

Denmark............................................ 30.19 28.43 26.76 27.32 27.81 36.65 6.2 2.1 −2.1

Finland .............................................. − 32.43 32.17 33.05 33.75 50.19 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

France................................................ 32.07 31.22 33.00 32.68 36.26 38.75 2.7 −3.0 −2.1

Germany, FR .................................... 27.24 31.39 29.15 30.99 38.70 39.78 −13.2 −8.4 −4.1

Iceland............................................... − − 52.90 − − 51.22 − −−100.0

Ireland ............................................... 32.28 34.16 34.11 33.55 32.18 42.82 −5.5 .1 −3.1

Italy ................................................... 33.42 35.21 37.62 38.79 36.44 44.39 −5.1 −2.1 −3.1

Netherlands ....................................... 24.77 29.14 30.08 33.91 34.21 40.71 −15.0 −7.8 −5.4

Norway.............................................. 50.27 − − − − 52.66 −− −.5

Portugal............................................. 29.82 31.79 32.51 33.75 34.49 43.72 −6.2 −3.6 −4.2

Romania ............................................ − 26.13 − 36.35 38.66 43.23 −100.0 −100.0 −100.0

Spain ................................................. 19.90 20.06 20.22 19.88 20.16 36.53 −.8 −.3 −6.5

Sweden.............................................. − − 35.81 45.15 − 44.19 − −−100.0

Turkey............................................... 36.18 37.65 37.70 28.82 − 44.48 −3.9 − −2.3

United Kingdom ............................... 25.41 26.88 26.32 28.49 40.63 38.87 −5.4 −11.1 −4.6

Other2 ............................................... 30.99 31.00 31.01 35.41 38.94 43.73 * −5.5 −3.8

Asia Total ........................................... 30.33 31.30 32.73 32.21 33.48 41.70 −3.1 −2.4 −3.5

China (Mainland).............................. 26.88 30.41 − 32.01 − −−11.6 − −

China (Taiwan)................................. 30.58 31.10 32.27 33.17 36.42 40.27 −1.7 −4.3 −3.0

Israel.................................................. 29.42 32.19 32.07 32.21 31.62 43.30 −8.6 −1.8 −4.2

Japan ................................................. 30.07 31.33 33.16 32.58 31.94 43.51 −4.0 −1.5 −4.0

Korea, Republic of ........................... 31.44 31.37 32.25 29.78 30.98 42.34 .2 .4 −3.3

Other2 ............................................... 38.73 29.22 34.94 27.62 35.43 41.79 32.5 2.3 −.8

Oceania & Australia Total............... 33.06 36.55 37.18 37.09 38.05 38.99 −9.5 −3.4 −1.8

Other2 ............................................... 33.06 36.55 37.18 37.09 38.05 38.99 −9.5 −3.4 −1.8

Africa Total........................................ 28.73 28.95 31.07 30.70 33.41 34.45 −.8 −3.7 −2.0

Egypt................................................. 35.39 36.49 37.24 37.96 38.91 − −3.0 −2.3 −

Morocco ............................................ 28.01 27.48 31.06 30.69 33.33 34.45 1.9 −4.3 −2.3

South Africa, Rep of ........................ −−− 37.03 − −− − −

Other2 ............................................... 34.47 35.19 −−− 44.50 −2.0 − −2.8

Total3 .................................................. 26.03 28.33 30.61 31.52 32.38 41.59 −8.1 −5.3 −5.1

U.S. Total4.......................................... 26.83 29.05 31.13 32.11 32.68 41.97 −7.6 −4.8 −4.8

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1997.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 (nominal) per short ton, inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Notes: Real prices are in 1992 dollars, calculated using implicit Gross Domestic Product price deflators. See Appendix D, Table D2. Average prices

are based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value. Steam coal includes bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

234 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Coal Quality

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 235 
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and

Mine Type

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1997)

Sulfur Content

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) State and Type of Mining Total

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50

Alabama .................................................................... − 403 367 2,010 190 − 2,970

Surface .................................................................... − 253 267 1,664 136 − 2,320

Underground ........................................................... − 150 100 347 54 − 650

Alaska, Southern...................................................... 251 94 − − − − 2,544

Surface .................................................................... 383 41 − − − − 424

Underground ........................................................... 2,067 53 − − − − 2,120

Alaska, Northern ..................................................... − − − − − − −

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Arizona...................................................................... − 98 − − − − 98

Surface .................................................................... − 47 − − − − 47

Underground ........................................................... − 51 − − − − 51

Arkansas1 ................................................................. − 8 163 44 6 7 228

Surface .................................................................... − 2 73 24 1 1 101

Underground ........................................................... − 7 90 20 5 6 127

Colorado1.................................................................. 3,646 2,298 3,681 324 95 − 10,045

Surface .................................................................... 264 116 3,325 41 14 − 3,759

Underground ........................................................... 3,382 2,183 357 283 81 − 6,286

Georgia...................................................................... 1 1 * * * * 2

Surface .................................................................... * * * * * * 1

Underground ........................................................... * * * * * * 1

Idaho.......................................................................... * 1 1 1 − − 2

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... * 1 1 1 − − 2

Illinois........................................................................ 46 188 407 1,540 1,588 34,437 38,206

Surface .................................................................... − − 3 203 339 9,561 10,106

Underground ........................................................... 46 188 404 1,337 1,249 24,876 28,099

Indiana ...................................................................... − 308 183 667 1,116 2,014 4,287

Surface .................................................................... − 60 26 101 141 290 618

Underground ........................................................... − 248 157 566 975 1,724 3,669

Iowa ........................................................................... − − − − 407 720 1,127

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 320 − 320

Underground ........................................................... − − − − 87 720 807

Kansas....................................................................... − − − − 226 457 683

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 226 457 683

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Kentucky, Eastern ................................................... 169 2,011 1,388 1,713 833 636 6,750

Surface .................................................................... 138 1,637 1,130 1,394 678 518 5,495

Underground ........................................................... 32 374 258 318 155 118 1,255

Kentucky, Western .................................................. − − − 155 2,706 6,366 9,227

Surface .................................................................... − − − 124 919 1,267 2,310

Underground ........................................................... − − − 31 1,787 5,099 6,917

Louisiana................................................................... − − − 343 − − 343

Surface .................................................................... − − − 343 − − 343

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Maryland .................................................................. − 31 56 116 201 − 403

Surface .................................................................... − 3 8 13 31 − 54

Underground ........................................................... − 28 49 103 169 − 349

Michigan ................................................................... − − 8 23 16 11 59

Surface .................................................................... − − 1 2 1 * 3

Underground ........................................................... − − 8 21 16 11 55

Missouri .................................................................... − − − − 170 3,680 3,850

Surface .................................................................... − − − − 150 3,011 3,161

Underground ........................................................... − − − − 20 670 689

Montana .................................................................... 33,529 16,816 16,761 4,811 2,022 1,371 75,310

Surface .................................................................... 17,966 6,983 9,484 2,440 1,609 905 39,387

Underground ........................................................... 15,563 9,833 7,277 2,371 413 466 35,923

New Mexico1 ............................................................ 60 2,429 1,601 3,048 − − 7,138

Surface .................................................................... 36 1,045 1,096 2,099 − − 4,276

Underground ........................................................... 25 1,384 505 949 − − 2,863

North Carolina......................................................... − − *221 5

Surface .................................................................... − − − − − − −

Underground ........................................................... − − *221 5

North Dakota............................................................ 432 744 1,364 3,410 850 366 7,167

Surface .................................................................... 432 744 1,364 3,410 850 366 7,167

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Ohio ........................................................................... 81 168 334 1,045 2,626 7,418 11,672

Surface .................................................................... 20 96 167 413 858 2,291 3,846

Underground ........................................................... 61 73 167 632 1,767 5,127 7,826

See footnotes at end of table.

236 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 105. Estimate of Recoverable Reserves of Coal by Sulfur Range, State, and

Mine Type (Continued)

(Million Short Tons Remaining as of January 1, 1997)

Sulfur Content

(pounds of sulfur per million Btu) State and Type of Mining Total

< = 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.83 0.84 - 1.67 1.68 - 2.50 > 2.50

Oklahoma.................................................................. − 219 123 178 113 180 813

Surface .................................................................... − 65 25 33 33 80 237

Underground ........................................................... − 154 98 144 80 100 576

Oregon....................................................................... 4 1 3 − 1 1 9

Surface .................................................................... 1 * 1 − ** 2

Underground ........................................................... 3 1 2 − 1 1 7

Pennsylvania, Anthracite ........................................ 180 467 96 17 2 * 762

Surface .................................................................... 85 262 61 11 1 * 422

Underground ........................................................... 95 205 35 6 1 − 341

Pennsylvania, Bituminous....................................... − 280 798 4,949 4,109 1,500 11,635

Surface .................................................................... − 22 62 295 219 130 728

Underground ........................................................... − 258 736 4,654 3,890 1,370 10,907

South Dakota............................................................ − − 104 1 172 − 277

Surface .................................................................... − − 104 1 172 − 277

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Tennessee .................................................................. − 105 61 221 97 − 484

Surface .................................................................... − 38 23 92 40 − 193

Underground ........................................................... − 67 38 129 58 − 291

Texas .......................................................................... − − 584 5,623 3,375 373 9,954

Surface .................................................................... − − 584 5,623 3,375 372 9,954

Underground ........................................................... − − − − − − −

Utah ........................................................................... 372 666 544 850 221 296 2,949

Surface .................................................................... 8 32 19 85 35 34 212

Underground ........................................................... 363 634 525 765 186 262 2,737

Virginia1 ................................................................... 184 598 382 126 − − 1,290

Surface .................................................................... 42 190 156 44 − − 432

Underground ........................................................... 143 408 227 82 − − 858

Washington............................................................... 63 92 92 473 − − 720

Surface .................................................................... − − 6 39 − − 45

Underground ........................................................... 63 92 86 434 − − 675

West Virginia ........................................................... 639 6,358 2,682 3,975 2,489 3,179 19,322

Surface .................................................................... 112 1,414 550 436 177 106 2,794

Underground ........................................................... 528 4,945 2,131 3,539 2,312 3,073 16,528

Wyoming................................................................... 6,654 17,325 10,065 7,396 1,158 2,216 44,813

Surface .................................................................... 4,303 8,563 4,015 2,274 517 2,184 21,855

Underground ........................................................... 2,351 8,762 6,050 5,122 640 33 22,959

U.S. Total.................................................................. 48,512 51,708 41,847 43,060 24,788 65,229 275,143

Surface .................................................................... 23,790 21,612 22,549 21,203 10,842 21,575 121,570

Underground ........................................................... 24,722 30,096 19,298 21,857 13,946 43,654 153,573

1 Data include minor amounts of anthracite (all occurring in heat content categories greater than 23.00 million short tons) as follows: Arkansas 52.2,

Colorado 13.4, New Mexico 1.2, and Virginia 70.5, expressed in million short tons.

* Data round to zero.

 Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Coal Reserves: A Review and Update (DOE/EIA-0529(95)), August, 1996.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 237 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1989, 1994-1998

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change and Quality1

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England

Btu.................................................. 12,810 12,756 12,793 12,848 12,897 13,109 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .87 .86 .85 .84 .98 1.26 1.5 −3.0 −4.0

Ash................................................. 7.85 7.79 7.75 7.48 7.49 7.59 .8 1.2 .4

Connecticut

Btu.................................................. 13,138 13,132 13,100 13,110 13,094 13,308 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .53 .54 .54 .56 .54 .53 −.8 −.3 −.1

Ash................................................. 6.80 7.20 7.14 7.05 7.38 6.13 −5.5 −2.0 1.1

Massachusetts

Btu.................................................. 12,617 12,571 12,633 12,698 12,814 13,009 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .72 .72 .71 .71 .91 1.23 −.5 −5.8 −5.8

Ash................................................. 8.52 8.24 8.07 7.83 7.85 8.07 3.3 2.1 .6

New Hampshire

Btu.................................................. 13,133 13,054 13,146 13,111 13,032 13,359 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.40 1.42 1.56 1.38 1.52 2.00 −1.4 −1.9 −3.8

Ash................................................. 6.71 6.88 7.02 6.74 6.40 6.80 −2.4 1.2 −.1

Middle Atlantic

Btu.................................................. 12,478 12,436 12,460 12,474 12,509 12,432 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.07 2.05 2.01 2.03 2.01 1.95 1.2 .8 .7

Ash................................................. 11.84 12.03 11.80 11.93 11.52 12.23 −1.6 .7 −.4

New Jersey

Btu.................................................. 13,113 13,084 12,993 13,282 13,341 13,319 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.13 1.24 1.36 1.21 1.29 1.18 −9.3 −3.2 −.5

Ash................................................. 8.70 8.54 9.02 7.51 7.44 7.36 1.9 4.0 1.9

New York

Btu.................................................. 13,052 13,105 13,013 13,051 12,959 12,824 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.75 1.80 1.80 1.79 1.71 1.69 −3.0 .6 .3

Ash................................................. 7.79 7.63 7.91 7.90 7.98 9.06 2.1 −.6 −1.7

Pennsylvania

Btu.................................................. 12,323 12,279 12,321 12,315 12,368 12,273 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.19 2.13 2.09 2.12 2.11 2.06 2.7 .9 .7

Ash................................................. 12.86 13.03 12.72 12.97 12.49 13.34 −1.3 .7 −.4

East North Central

Btu.................................................. 10,589 10,588 10,611 10,676 10,837 11,044 * −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.33 1.35 1.36 1.28 1.55 1.83 −1.3 −3.6 −3.5

Ash................................................. 8.12 8.22 8.07 8.00 8.34 9.03 −1.3 −.7 −1.2

Illinois

Btu.................................................. 9,700 9,781 9,878 9,970 10,181 10,705 −1 −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. 1.10 1.17 1.16 1.14 1.46 2.01 −6.4 −6.8 −6.5

Ash................................................. 6.91 7.04 6.98 7.01 7.44 8.65 −1.8 −1.8 −2.5

Indiana

Btu.................................................. 10,517 10,461 10,357 10,338 10,535 10,698 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.63 1.61 1.59 1.57 1.76 2.22 1.0 −2.0 −3.4

Ash................................................. 7.94 7.90 7.76 7.65 8.09 8.94 .5 −.5 −1.3

Michigan

Btu.................................................. 10,563 10,566 10,504 10,677 10,925 11,278 * −1 −1

Sulfur ............................................. .67 .67 .63 .63 .68 .67 −.5 −.5 *

Ash................................................. 6.41 6.65 6.59 6.66 6.97 6.89 −3.5 −2.0 −.8

Ohio

Btu.................................................. 11,913 11,891 12,056 12,122 12,052 11,835 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.01 2.01 2.08 1.89 2.34 2.46 −.2 −3.7 −2.2

Ash................................................. 11.45 11.53 11.01 10.84 10.91 11.49 −.7 1.2 *

Wisconsin

Btu.................................................. 9,299 9,375 9,222 9,351 9,565 9,705 −1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .46 .50 .46 .46 .51 .86 −7.9 −2.3 −6.6

Ash................................................. 5.55 5.74 5.74 6.03 6.27 6.38 −3.2 −3.0 −1.5

West North Central

Btu.................................................. 8,388 8,394 8,430 8,418 8,480 8,676 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .47 .51 .53 .54 .68 1.00 −8.4 −8.8 −8.1

Ash................................................. 6.15 6.31 6.38 6.41 6.82 7.52 −2.7 −2.6 −2.2

Iowa

Btu.................................................. 8,636 8,662 8,658 8,678 8,783 8,940 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .44 .45 .45 .49 .57 .78 −1.5 −6.0 −6.1

Ash................................................. 5.57 5.53 5.61 5.60 5.59 5.93 .8 −.1 −.7

See footnotes at end of table.

238 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1989, 1994-1998 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change and Quality1

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Kansas

Btu.................................................. 8,696 8,766 8,827 8,730 8,708 8,876 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. .45 .48 .49 .43 .49 .64 −5.8 −1.8 −3.8

Ash................................................. 5.45 5.52 5.52 5.46 5.63 6.00 −1.3 −.8 −1.1

Minnesota

Btu.................................................. 8,883 8,895 8,914 8,828 8,821 8,767 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .44 .45 .45 .47 .46 .51 −2.1 −1.3 −1.7

Ash................................................. 6.29 6.32 6.32 6.71 6.64 7.09 −.5 −1.3 −1.3

Missouri

Btu.................................................. 8,938 8,994 9,063 9,216 9,718 10,368 −1 −2 −2

Sulfur ............................................. .37 .47 .58 .57 1.03 2.09 −21.2 −22.6 −17.5

Ash................................................. 5.18 5.32 5.62 5.69 6.65 8.92 −2.7 −6.0 −5.9

Nebraska

Btu.................................................. 8,584 8,595 8,599 8,594 8,571 8,664 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .27 .32 .34 .33 .35 .36 −14.2 −5.9 −3.1

Ash................................................. 4.77 4.79 5.11 5.16 5.17 5.15 −.4 −2.0 −.8

North Dakota

Btu.................................................. 6,566 6,559 6,597 6,585 6,593 6,580 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .76 .77 .72 .74 .75 .73 −.6 .3 .5

Ash................................................. 9.10 9.38 9.32 9.29 9.39 9.16 −3.0 −.8 −.1

South Dakota

Btu.................................................. 8,728 8,687 9,034 6,972 6,049 6,137 * 10 4

Sulfur ............................................. .72 .63 .52 .87 .91 .89 14.9 −5.8 −2.3

Ash................................................. 9.12 8.88 6.66 4.96 8.81 7.74 2.7 .8 1.8

South Atlantic

Btu.................................................. 12,296 12,311 12,285 12,324 12,362 12,422 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.26 1.29 1.27 1.27 1.33 1.50 −2.5 −1.5 −1.9

Ash................................................. 9.92 10.05 9.75 9.71 9.72 10.08 −1.3 .5 −.2

Delaware

Btu.................................................. 12,962 13,062 13,020 13,085 12,954 12,943 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. .98 .99 1.01 1.00 .92 1.04 −1.7 1.5 −.7

Ash................................................. 8.93 8.65 8.72 8.56 9.09 8.99 3.2 −.4 −.1

Florida

Btu.................................................. 12,144 12,122 12,193 12,296 12,293 12,383 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.55 1.59 1.55 1.47 1.60 1.75 −2.8 −.9 −1.4

Ash................................................. 8.01 8.40 7.96 8.09 8.19 8.58 −4.6 −.5 −.8

Georgia

Btu.................................................. 11,750 11,755 11,581 11,576 11,774 12,100 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .85 .84 .83 .81 1.05 1.68 1.3 −5.3 −7.3

Ash................................................. 9.40 9.42 8.84 8.87 8.99 10.13 −.3 1.1 −.8

Maryland

Btu.................................................. 12,914 12,913 12,879 12,965 12,824 12,698 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.17 1.14 1.11 1.06 1.16 1.43 3.2 .3 −2.2

Ash................................................. 9.04 9.42 9.49 9.32 9.91 10.46 −4.0 −2.3 −1.6

North Carolina

Btu.................................................. 12,398 12,368 12,422 12,461 12,416 12,531 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .89 .90 .89 .86 .95 .92 −.9 −1.5 −.3

Ash................................................. 10.53 10.50 10.16 10.20 10.27 9.93 .3 .6 .6

South Carolina

Btu.................................................. 12,805 12,855 12,757 12,852 12,771 12,618 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.20 1.20 1.21 1.19 1.21 1.12 .3 −.3 .8

Ash................................................. 8.90 8.70 8.90 8.53 8.87 9.16 2.3 .1 −.3

Virginia

Btu.................................................. 12,603 12,554 12,597 12,743 12,778 12,693 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .97 1.01 .99 1.03 .99 .94 −3.5 −.4 .4

Ash ................................................. 9.96 11.58 11.02 10.21 9.91 9.44 −13.9 .1 .6

West Virginia

Btu.................................................. 12,305 12,398 12,378 12,418 12,468 12,395 −1* *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.86 1.95 1.93 1.98 1.87 1.85 −4.7 −.1 *

Ash................................................. 12.17 11.88 11.78 11.88 11.50 11.71 2.4 1.4 .4

East South Central

Btu.................................................. 11,543 11,584 11,714 11,808 11,909 11,800 * −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.71 1.83 1.86 1.87 1.88 2.18 −6.4 −2.3 −2.7

Ash................................................. 10.58 10.65 10.60 10.58 10.66 11.36 −.6 −.2 −.8

Alabama

Btu.................................................. 11,519 11,584 11,794 11,861 12,088 12,023 −1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.13 1.13 1.24 1.20 1.30 1.64 .7 −3.4 −4.0

Ash................................................. 10.45 10.49 10.71 10.74 11.54 11.87 −.4 −2.4 −1.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 239 
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1989, 1994-1998 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change and Quality1

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Kentucky

Btu.................................................. 11,579 11,571 11,536 11,625 11,683 11,493 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 2.37 2.50 2.47 2.42 2.34 2.74 −5.2 0.3 −1.6

Ash................................................. 12.66 12.46 12.15 11.91 11.35 12.47 1.6 2.8 .2

Mississippi

Btu.................................................. 10,569 10,486 11,023 11,221 11,312 12,654 1 −2 −2

Sulfur ............................................. .75 .68 .93 1.04 1.02 1.56 10.0 −7.5 −7.8

Ash................................................. 6.03 6.13 6.44 7.81 7.88 7.77 −1.5 −6.5 −2.8

Tennessee

Btu.................................................. 11,733 11,855 12,062 12,130 12,186 11,895 −1 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.69 1.90 1.87 1.97 2.00 1.99 −11.3 −4.2 −1.8

Ash................................................. 8.89 9.17 8.89 8.83 8.94 9.56 −3.1 −.1 −.8

West South Central

Btu.................................................. 7,837 7,766 7,798 7,733 7,709 7,692 1 * *

Sulfur ............................................. .60 .64 .60 .64 .62 .62 −5.9 −.9 −.4

Ash................................................. 9.12 9.35 9.19 9.53 9.50 10.01 −2.4 −1.0 −1.0

Arkansas

Btu.................................................. 8,671 8,707 8,703 8,687 8,707 8,720 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .29 .33 .33 .33 .32 .34 −10.1 −2.0 −1.6

Ash................................................. 4.90 5.12 5.20 5.10 4.92 5.26 −4.4 −.1 −.8

Louisiana

Btu.................................................. 8,097 8,102 8,171 8,110 8,136 8,187 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .56 .64 .57 .58 .51 .48 −11.2 2.6 1.9

Ash................................................. 7.76 7.22 7.13 7.42 7.16 7.27 7.5 2.0 .7

Oklahoma

Btu.................................................. 8,651 8,641 8,600 8,557 8,573 8,825 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .30 .30 .33 .36 .35 .45 −.3 −3.8 −4.3

Ash................................................. 4.87 4.85 4.93 5.20 5.07 5.43 .3 −1.0 −1.2

Texas

Btu.................................................. 7,509 7,423 7,440 7,346 7,346 7,287 1 1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .71 .75 .71 .77 .73 .71 −4.5 −.7 *

Ash................................................. 10.82 11.09 10.98 11.50 11.31 11.84 −2.4 −1.1 −1.0

Mountain

Btu.................................................. 9,708 9,723 9,741 9,736 9,755 9,771 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .55 .56 .55 .54 .55 .55 −1.3 .2 .1

Ash................................................. 11.24 11.40 11.37 11.16 11.11 11.12 −1.4 .3 .1

Arizona

Btu.................................................. 10,186 10,159 10,232 10,274 10,281 10,596 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .55 .54 .55 .53 .51 .49 .3 1.5 1.2

Ash................................................. 12.70 12.73 12.41 12.13 11.97 11.22 −.2 1.5 1.4

Colorado

Btu.................................................. 9,834 9,872 9,858 9,895 9,946 9,848 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .38 .38 .39 .39 .40 .37 1.2 −1.2 .3

Ash................................................. 6.73 6.92 6.94 7.16 7.12 6.93 −2.8 −1.4 −.3

Montana

Btu.................................................. 8,433 8,426 8,439 8,520 8,500 8,509 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .72 .72 .68 .68 .66 .66 −.2 2.3 1.0

Ash................................................. 9.49 9.32 9.00 9.15 9.05 9.46 1.8 1.2 *

Nevada

Btu.................................................. 11,199 11,169 11,140 11,075 11,291 11,117 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .47 .50 .49 .48 .49 .52 −6.9 −1.4 −1.2

Ash................................................. 9.68 9.80 9.71 9.70 9.57 9.51 −1.3 .3 .2

New Mexico

Btu.................................................. 9,082 9,069 9,116 9,033 9,043 9,129 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .80 .81 .80 .80 .82 .79 −1.5 −.5 .1

Ash................................................. 22.80 22.71 22.78 22.51 22.44 21.43 .4 .4 .7

Utah

Btu.................................................. 11,310 11,330 11,513 11,550 11,491 11,322 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .46 .48 .47 .47 .47 .49 −2.6 −.3 −.5

Ash................................................. 11.17 10.90 10.90 10.27 10.25 11.59 2.5 2.1 −.4

Wyoming

Btu.................................................. 8,794 8,787 8,716 8,738 8,766 8,788 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. .53 .54 .52 .50 .52 .52 −.6 .6 .2

Ash................................................. 7.52 7.61 8.12 8.06 8.00 7.87 −1.1 −1.5 −.5

See footnotes at end of table.

240 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 106. Average Quality of Coal Received at Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1989, 1994-1998 (Continued)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change and Quality1

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Pacific

Btu.................................................. 8,332 8,153 8,066 8,380 8,543 8,161 2 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .52 .58 .64 .62 .57 .66 −9.8 −2.4 −2.6

Ash................................................. 10.42 12.43 13.62 11.79 11.14 13.57 −16.2 −1.7 −2.9

Oregon

Btu.................................................. 8,685 8,757 8,782 8,882 8,937 − −1 −1 −

Sulfur ............................................. .32 .33 .26 .30 .37 − −4.9 −4.0 −

Ash................................................. 5.19 5.41 4.79 5.52 5.89 − −4.1 −3.1 −

Washington

Btu.................................................. 8,215 8,043 7,936 8,267 8,400 8,161 2 −1 *

Sulfur ............................................. .59 .62 .71 .69 .65 .66 −5.5 −2.3 −1.3

Ash................................................. 12.14 13.71 15.24 13.20 13.04 13.57 −11.4 −1.8 −1.2

U.S. Total

Btu.................................................. 10,241 10,275 10,263 10,248 10,338 10,425 * * *

Sulfur ............................................. 1.06 1.11 1.10 1.08 1.17 1.33 −4.5 −2.3 −2.4

Ash................................................. 9.18 9.36 9.22 9.23 9.36 9.93 −1.9 −.5 −.8

1 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); sulfur (percent by weight); and ash (percent by weight).

* Data round to zero.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 241 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1994-1998

Percent Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Quality1

1997-1998

New England

Btu .............................................................................. 13,264 13,326 13,028 13,410 13,383 −0.5

Sulfur .......................................................................... .79 .85 1.03 1.32 .72 −6.6

Ash ............................................................................. 7.55 7.33 7.35 6.99 5.86 3.0

Maine

Btu .............................................................................. 13,174 13,218 12,935 13,392 13,162 −.3

Sulfur .......................................................................... .80 .87 1.08 1.39 .71 −7.5

Ash ............................................................................. 7.60 7.34 7.31 6.93 5.30 3.4

Massachusetts

Btu .............................................................................. 13,675 13,746 13,697 13,556 13,939 −.5

Sulfur .......................................................................... .73 .76 .74 .75 .73 −3.7

Ash ............................................................................. 7.35 7.29 7.65 7.55 7.26 .8

Middle Atlantic

Btu .............................................................................. 12,790 12,797 12,780 12,559 12,549 * R Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.19 1.19 1.20 1.15 1.14 −.1 R Ash ............................................................................. 7.16 6.99 7.12 7.11 6.95 2.5

New Jersey

Btu .............................................................................. 12,615 12,497 12,474 12,575 12,515 .9

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.72 .64 1.36 .96 .93 169.3

Ash ............................................................................. 12.55 11.56 10.98 11.34 12.40 8.6

New York2

Btu .............................................................................. 13,183 13,262 13,168 13,122 13,203 −.6

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.18 1.36 1.41 1.29 1.34 −13.2 R Ash ............................................................................. 6.73 6.82 6.84 7.20 6.69 −1.3

Pennsylvania2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,633 12,640 12,658 12,366 12,326 −.1 R Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.19 1.16 1.16 1.12 1.10 2.6 R Ash ............................................................................. 7.26 7.02 7.17 7.09 7.00 3.5

East North Central

Btu .............................................................................. 11,939 12,013 11,990 12,022 11,947 −.6 R Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.48 1.56 1.52 1.46 1.52 −5.1 R Ash ............................................................................. 7.59 7.55 7.34 7.59 7.61 .6

Illinois2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,346 11,351 11,332 11,290 11,387 *

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.97 1.95 1.89 1.82 1.94 1.2

Ash ............................................................................. 7.67 7.45 7.41 7.49 7.66 2.8

Indiana2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,941 11,867 11,826 11,894 11,641 .6

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.28 1.35 1.32 1.20 1.45 −5.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.32 7.07 7.02 7.38 7.50 3.5

Michigan2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,439 12,506 12,440 12,386 12,470 −.5

Sulfur .......................................................................... .99 1.04 .96 .96 1.02 −5.0 R Ash ............................................................................. 7.47 7.67 6.80 7.60 7.82 −2.6

Ohio2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,310 12,348 12,415 12,424 12,429 −.3 R Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.68 1.80 1.82 1.69 1.60 −6.5

Ash ............................................................................. 8.17 8.52 8.27 7.79 7.66 −4.0

Wisconsin

Btu .............................................................................. 11,876 12,453 12,330 12,450 11,873 −4.6

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.37 1.68 2.05 2.14 1.52 −18.6

Ash ............................................................................. 7.40 7.45 7.72 8.40 7.30 −.7

West North Central

Btu .............................................................................. 8,626 8,716 8,702 8,669 8,710 −1.0

Sulfur .......................................................................... .95 .87 .87 .89 .88 9.0

Ash ............................................................................. 6.34 6.44 6.40 6.54 6.56 −1.6

Iowa

Btu .............................................................................. 10,292 10,261 10,373 10,332 10,480 .3

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.01 .95 1.04 .96 .98 6.1

Ash ............................................................................. 6.38 6.25 6.40 6.44 6.38 2.1

Kansas

Btu .............................................................................. 12,344 12,287 12,243 12,197 12,249 .5

Sulfur .......................................................................... 3.11 3.12 3.07 3.41 3.11 −.2

Ash ............................................................................. 9.61 10.75 10.36 11.48 11.04 −10.6

See footnotes at end of table.

242 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Quality1

1997-1998

Minnesota

Btu .............................................................................. 9,626 9,910 10,051 10,280 10,112 −2.9

Sulfur .......................................................................... .58 .46 .61 .56 .54 25.8

Ash ............................................................................. 5.47 5.24 5.08 4.95 5.15 4.5

Missouri2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,287 11,470 11,541 11,644 11,510 −1.6

Sulfur .......................................................................... 2.25 2.23 2.02 1.91 1.92 .7

Ash ............................................................................. 7.92 8.39 8.31 9.92 10.10 −5.6

Nebraska

Btu .............................................................................. 10,375 10,201 10,622 10,096 9,931 1.7

Sulfur .......................................................................... .52 .32 .36 .42 .40 63.2

Ash ............................................................................. 6.46 8.12 8.92 5.73 5.95 −20.5

North Dakota

Btu .............................................................................. 7,138 7,135 7,136 7,171 7,142 *

Sulfur .......................................................................... .78 .62 .61 .71 .71 26.1

Ash ............................................................................. 6.02 6.10 5.97 6.08 6.14 −1.3

South Dakota

Btu .............................................................................. 9,884 9,786 9,849 9,504 9,418 1.0

Sulfur .......................................................................... .81 .81 .83 .86 .77 .5

Ash ............................................................................. 8.47 7.38 7.55 7.72 7.15 14.7

South Atlantic

Btu .............................................................................. 13,035 12,988 12,972 12,992 13,043 .4

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.06 1.10 1.09 1.10 1.15 −4.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.95 8.39 8.11 8.07 7.96 −5.3

Delaware

Btu .............................................................................. 13,452 13,450 13,381 13,483 13,300 *

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.17 1.73 1.75 1.87 1.89 −32.4

Ash ............................................................................. 6.94 7.01 7.01 7.01 7.73 −1.0

Florida

Btu .............................................................................. 13,022 12,834 12,903 12,865 12,933 1.5

Sulfur .......................................................................... .86 .91 .87 .91 .93 −5.7

Ash ............................................................................. 7.56 8.38 8.07 8.14 8.93 −9.8

Georgia

Btu .............................................................................. 12,828 12,756 12,873 12,895 13,267 .6

Sulfur .......................................................................... .98 1.11 1.11 1.23 1.29 −11.6

Ash ............................................................................. 8.30 8.80 8.79 8.78 8.90 −5.7

Maryland2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,656 12,653 12,411 12,598 12,330 *

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.79 1.96 1.92 1.92 1.89 −8.9

Ash ............................................................................. 13.98 14.06 14.19 14.52 10.90 −.6

North Carolina

Btu .............................................................................. 13,193 13,234 13,243 13,250 13,188 −.3

Sulfur .......................................................................... .93 .98 .93 .97 .91 −5.4

Ash ............................................................................. 7.56 7.53 7.10 6.99 7.20 .4

South Carolina

Btu .............................................................................. 13,106 13,179 13,076 13,051 12,994 −.5

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.03 1.00 1.02 1.08 1.12 2.3

Ash ............................................................................. 7.87 8.24 8.09 8.24 7.95 −4.5

Virginia2

Btu .............................................................................. 13,204 13,081 12,982 13,067 13,215 .9

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.02 1.05 1.04 1.05 1.05 −2.4

Ash ............................................................................. 7.75 8.06 7.97 7.75 7.44 −3.9

West Virginia2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,885 12,782 12,809 12,765 12,780 .8

Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.14 1.18 1.14 1.06 1.24 −3.4

Ash ............................................................................. 7.04 7.78 7.24 7.28 7.54 −9.4

East South Central

Btu .............................................................................. 12,848 12,750 12,916 12,941 12,869 .8 R Sulfur .......................................................................... .99 1.02 1.06 1.09 1.09 −3.3 R Ash ............................................................................. 7.45 7.34 7.20 7.32 7.51 1.5

Alabama2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,738 12,539 12,632 12,612 12,694 1.6 R Sulfur .......................................................................... .92 .98 .98 .94 .98 −5.6 R Ash ............................................................................. 7.12 7.18 6.90 7.07 7.27 −.9

Kentucky2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,735 12,831 13,072 13,086 13,150 −.8 R Sulfur .......................................................................... .97 1.01 1.05 1.03 .99 −4.2 R Ash ............................................................................. 6.88 6.55 6.59 6.61 6.59 5.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 243 
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Quality1

1997-1998

Mississippi

Btu .............................................................................. 11,907 11,977 11,911 11,897 11,786 −0.6

Sulfur.......................................................................... 2.06 1.55 1.41 1.41 1.44 32.7

Ash ............................................................................. 9.33 9.60 9.73 10.66 9.98 −2.8

Tennessee2

Btu .............................................................................. 13,013 12,910 13,103 13,160 12,958 .8

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.03 1.07 1.14 1.35 1.32 −3.8

Ash ............................................................................. 8.19 8.01 7.94 8.04 8.47 2.2

West South Central

Btu .............................................................................. 12,111 9,155 9,176 9,116 8,925 32.3

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.16 1.07 1.06 1.00 1.00 8.3

Ash ............................................................................. 12.16 11.39 11.36 10.78 11.18 6.8

Arkansas

Btu .............................................................................. 12,545 12,369 12,474 12,573 12,646 1.4

Sulfur.......................................................................... 2.03 1.98 2.03 2.02 2.10 2.5

Ash ............................................................................. 11.06 10.25 10.27 9.96 10.11 7.9

Louisiana

Btu .............................................................................. 12,534 12,395 12,627 9,292 9,051 1.1

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.23 1.33 1.27 .39 .35 −7.4

Ash ............................................................................. 10.47 10.25 10.23 5.29 5.09 2.2

Oklahoma

Btu .............................................................................. 9,970 9,974 9,835 9,995 10,118 *

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.02 .93 .89 .72 .73 9.7

Ash ............................................................................. 6.79 6.18 5.97 5.60 6.18 9.9

Texas2

Btu .............................................................................. 12,410 8,789 8,757 8,690 8,447 41.2

Sulfur.......................................................................... 1.12 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.04 9.7

Ash ............................................................................. 13.08 12.15 12.37 12.20 12.72 7.7

Mountain

Btu .............................................................................. 10,683 10,851 10,699 10,698 10,601 −1.5

Sulfur.......................................................................... .73 .72 .67 .71 .68 1.9

Ash ............................................................................. 7.44 7.09 7.79 7.28 7.05 5.0

Arizona

Btu .............................................................................. 10,850 12,250 10,603 10,969 11,072 −11.4

Sulfur.......................................................................... .59 .76 .53 .54 .48 −22.9

Ash ............................................................................. 13.73 10.48 13.15 12.23 11.09 31.1

Colorado

Btu .............................................................................. 11,219 11,293 11,308 11,262 10,785 −.7

Sulfur.......................................................................... .79 .55 .54 .61 .58 43.1

Ash ............................................................................. 7.94 8.03 7.79 7.24 7.00 −1.1

Idaho

Btu .............................................................................. 9,860 10,131 10,148 10,232 9,988 −2.7

Sulfur.......................................................................... .84 .72 .72 .78 .79 15.5

Ash ............................................................................. 5.31 6.46 6.40 6.22 5.72 −17.8

Montana

Btu .............................................................................. 11,688 8,689 8,695 8,368 8,496 34.5

Sulfur.......................................................................... .49 .44 .44 .59 .57 11.4

Ash ............................................................................. 6.14 5.27 5.31 7.93 7.65 16.5

Nevada

Btu .............................................................................. 11,495 11,576 11,533 11,698 11,907 −.7

Sulfur.......................................................................... .51 .50 .51 .48 .26 1.3

Ash ............................................................................. 8.90 8.76 8.80 7.13 4.01 1.5

New Mexico

Btu .............................................................................. 12,383 12,507 12,302 12,518 12,688 −1.0

Sulfur.......................................................................... .92 .74 .82 .79 .94 24.3

Ash ............................................................................. 10.45 10.36 11.67 10.26 9.87 .9

Utah2

Btu .............................................................................. 11,775 11,552 11,589 11,671 11,679 1.9

Sulfur.......................................................................... .74 .79 .82 .84 .82 −6.7

Ash ............................................................................. 8.18 8.10 8.01 8.08 7.68 1.1

Wyoming

Btu .............................................................................. 10,158 10,119 10,365 10,170 10,098 .4

Sulfur.......................................................................... .76 .73 .70 .71 .70 5.1

Ash ............................................................................. 4.61 4.66 4.68 4.84 5.27 −1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

244 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table 107. Average Quality of Coal Received at Manufacturing and Coke Plants by

Census Division and State, 1994-1998 (Continued)

Percent Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Change and Quality1

1997-1998

Pacific

Btu .............................................................................. 11,564 11,513 11,677 11,551 11,749 0.4

Sulfur.......................................................................... .57 .57 .56 .53 .52 −1.3

Ash ............................................................................. 9.14 8.96 9.15 9.17 8.98 2.0

California

Btu .............................................................................. 11,814 11,759 11,899 11,912 11,950 .5

Sulfur.......................................................................... .57 .57 .55 .52 .52 −1.0

Ash ............................................................................. 8.99 8.72 8.72 8.62 8.93 3.2

Hawaii

Btu .............................................................................. 7,928 8,704 9,157 9,275 9,576 −8.9

Sulfur.......................................................................... .49 .52 .53 .53 .51 −5.1

Ash ............................................................................. 12.85 13.22 14.99 15.37 16.72 −2.8

Oregon

Btu .............................................................................. 11,001 10,989 11,159 10,188 10,704 .1

Sulfur.......................................................................... .65 .65 .65 .54 .53 .1

Ash ............................................................................. 7.00 6.96 7.03 5.98 6.48 .6

Washington

Btu .............................................................................. 11,651 11,818 11,622 11,846 11,818 −1.4

Sulfur.......................................................................... .58 .58 .65 .57 .58 1.0

Ash ............................................................................. 8.10 8.70 10.00 9.62 5.63 −6.9

U.S. Total

Btu .............................................................................. 11,583 11,407 11,405 11,367 11,316 1.5 R Sulfur .......................................................................... 1.15 1.17 1.17 1.15 1.16 −1.7

Ash ............................................................................. 7.71 7.62 7.58 7.61 7.63 1.1

1 Quality units are: Btu (per pound); sulfur (percent by weight); and ash (percent by weight).

2 Includes sulfur and ash data for coke plants.

* Data round to zero.

R Revised Data.

Notes: Btu data are for manufacturing plants only. The national average of coke plant data ranges from .51 to 1.70 for sulfur and 2.6 to

10.1 for ash.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; and Form EIA-5A, ‘‘Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 245 
Appendix A

Major Coal

Producing

States
Table A1. Alabama Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 373,714 374,421 451,760 510,406 457,144 507,724 −0.2 −4.9 −3.3

Productive Capacity1........................ 27,891 29,081 32,159 32,546 33,049 NA −4.1 −4.1 NA

Production Total ............................... 23,013 24,468 24,637 24,640 23,266 27,992 −5.9 −.3 −2.1

Underground .................................. 17,316 18,505 18,217 17,605 14,471 16,327 −6.4 4.6 .6

Surface ........................................... 5,697 5,963 6,420 7,036 8,795 11,665 −4.5 −10.3 −7.6

Capacity Utilization2........................ 82.45 84.05 76.57 75.52 70.19 NA −1.9 4.1 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 16.2 15.3 18.3 20.7 19.6 18.1 6.1 −4.6 −1.2

Number of Miners ............................ 4,722 4,928 5,031 5,567 5,418 6,505 −4.2 −3.4 −3.5

Productivity Total2........................... 2.33 2.39 2.20 2.24 2.25 2.25 −2.5 .8 .4

Underground .................................. 2.17 2.21 1.95 2.02 1.94 2.00 −1.5 2.9 .9

Surface ........................................... 2.97 3.21 3.50 3.07 3.07 2.72 −7.4 −.8 1.0

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,636 1,289 1,031 1,358 1,204 − 26.9 8.0 −

Imports3 ............................................ 169 214 161 162 178 − −20.9 −1.3 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 23,046 23,921 24,636 25,159 23,750 NA −3.7 −.8 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 18,245 18,108 19,772 19,127 19,220 NA .8 −1.3 NA

Within State ................................ 17,831 17,489 18,503 18,024 18,351 NA 1.9 −.7 NA

To Other States ........................... 414 619 1,269 1,103 870 NA −33.2 −16.9 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 4,801 5,813 4,864 6,032 4,529 NA −17.4 1.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 4,743 5,699 4,523 5,330 4,359 NA −16.8 2.1 NA

Steam..................................... 59 114 341 702 170 NA −48.5 −23.4 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 4,801 5,813 4,864 6,032 4,529 NA −17.4 1.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 4,743 5,699 4,523 5,330 4,359 NA −16.8 2.1 NA

Steam..................................... 59 114 341 702 170 NA −48.5 −23.4 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 36,448 36,433 37,052 34,309 31,473 27,537 * 3.7 3.2

Electric Utility ............................... 31,474 30,840 31,216 28,759 25,817 21,884 2.0 5.1 4.1

Other Industrial.............................. 2,562 2,565 2,545 2,286 2,394 2,275 −.1 1.7 1.3

Coke ............................................... w 2,956 3,247 3,257 3,253 3,314 w w w

Residential/Commercial................. 9 73 44 7 11 63 −87.0 −2.9 −19.0

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 3,577 2,971 2,858 3,648 4,132 4,189 20.4 −3.5 −1.7

Electric Utility ............................... 3,195 2,609 2,526 3,282 3,652 3,721 22.5 −3.3 −1.7

All Other........................................ 381 362 332 366 480 468 5.3 −5.6 −2.2

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $37.23 $38.48 $39.48 $38.44 $40.12 $41.18 −3.2 −1.8 −1.1

Underground .................................. 37.69 39.54 40.75 39.26 39.92 38.96 −4.7 −1.4 −.4

Surface ........................................... 35.89 35.15 35.87 36.38 40.45 44.31 2.1 −2.9 −2.3

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $36.28 35.58 36.39 37.00 40.42 44.84 1.9 −2.7 −2.3

Other Industrial.............................. 39.49 40.20 40.15 39.53 38.74 40.36 −1.8 .5 −.2

Coke ............................................... w 50.04 49.37 48.42 47.45 46.67 w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1994 through 1998 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1989 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

248 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table A2. Arizona Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... w w w w w w w w w

Productive Capacity1........................ w w w w w NA w w NA

Production Total ............................... 11,315 11,723 10,442 11,947 13,056 11,935 −3.5 −3.5 −0.6

Surface ........................................... 11,315 11,723 10,442 11,947 13,056 11,935 −3.5 −3.5 −.6

Capacity Utilization2........................ w w w w w NA w w NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... w w w w w w w w w

Number of Miners ............................ 730 676 651 831 864 780 8.0 −4.1 −.7

Productivity Total2........................... 6.43 6.79 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.25 −5.3 −1.0 .3

Surface ........................................... 6.43 6.79 6.30 6.34 6.71 6.25 −5.3 −1.0 .3

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,077 2,911 2,232 2,760 2,634 − −28.6 −5.8 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 12,169 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 NA 10.2 .3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 12,169 11,044 10,970 11,783 12,011 NA 10.2 .3 NA

Within State ................................ 7,680 6,646 6,499 6,956 7,580 NA 15.6 .3 NA

To Other States ........................... 4,489 4,398 4,470 4,827 4,431 NA 2.1 .3 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 19,014 18,205 16,792 16,682 19,580 16,871 4.4 −.7 1.3

Electric Utility ............................... 18,316 17,503 16,117 16,021 18,853 16,182 4.6 −.7 1.4

Other Industrial.............................. 698 702 675 657 727 w −.6 −1.0 w

Residential/Commercial ................. * * * 5 * w 73.5 39.0 w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 1,925 1,414 2,024 3,032 3,242 3,411 36.1 −12.2 −6.1

Electric Utility ............................... 1,855 1,386 1,992 2,998 3,197 3,367 33.9 −12.7 −6.4

All Other........................................ 70 28 32 34 45 w 146.5 11.8 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $27.12 $28.95 $29.55 $28.65 $28.26 $28.81 −6.3 −1.0 −.7

Other Industrial.............................. 38.67 38.81 39.27 40.46 41.35 39.78 −.3 −1.6 −.3

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 249 
Table A3. Colorado Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 540,199 567,538 641,615 692,030 676,272 662,076 −4.8 −5.5 −2.2

Productive Capacity1........................ 36,658 35,466 29,330 32,435 31,075 NA 3.4 4.2 NA

Production Total ............................... 29,631 27,449 24,886 25,710 25,304 17,123 7.9 4.0 6.3

Underground .................................. 19,705 17,820 15,581 17,187 16,332 8,511 10.6 4.8 9.8

Surface ........................................... 9,926 9,628 9,305 8,523 8,972 8,612 3.1 2.5 1.6

Capacity Utilization2........................ 80.83 77.39 84.85 79.27 81.41 NA 4.4 −.2 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 18.2 20.7 25.8 26.9 26.7 38.7 −11.8 −9.1 −8.0

Number of Miners ............................ 1,684 1,362 1,332 1,777 1,905 2,019 23.6 −3.0 −2.0

Productivity Total2........................... 8.47 7.68 7.32 6.14 6.20 4.08 10.2 8.1 8.4

Underground .................................. 8.27 7.44 6.67 5.86 5.81 2.91 11.1 9.2 12.3

Surface ........................................... 8.89 8.17 8.76 6.79 7.06 6.74 8.8 5.9 3.1

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,594 1,364 494 1,063 1,575 − 16.9 .3 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 29,294 26,968 25,405 25,635 24,810 NA 8.6 4.2 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 27,541 25,445 23,990 24,734 24,059 NA 8.2 3.4 NA

Within State ................................ 11,993 12,307 10,704 11,820 12,035 NA −2.5 −.1 NA

To Other States ........................... 15,547 13,138 13,286 12,915 12,024 NA 18.3 6.6 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 1,754 1,523 1,415 900 752 NA 15.1 23.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − − 30 − − NA − − NA

Steam..................................... 1,754 1,523 1,385 900 752 NA 15.1 23.6 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 1,754 1,523 1,415 900 752 NA 15.1 23.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − − 30 − − NA − − NA

Steam..................................... 1,754 1,523 1,385 900 752 NA 15.1 23.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 18,033 17,960 17,222 16,971 17,475 16,393 .4 .8 1.1

Electric Utility ............................... 17,663 17,116 16,841 16,222 16,596 15,686 3.2 1.6 1.3

Other Industrial.............................. 353 780 367 729 857 643 −54.8 −19.9 −6.4

Residential/Commercial................. 18 65 13 20 23 w −72.7 −6.3 w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 2,862 2,476 3,054 3,682 3,145 w 15.6 −2.3 w

Electric Utility ............................... 2,840 2,458 3,027 3,622 3,118 3,921 15.5 −2.3 −3.5

All Other........................................ 23 18 27 59 26 w 25.1 −3.6 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $17.30 $18.46 $17.94 $19.26 $19.76 $23.64 −6.3 −3.3 −3.4

Underground .................................. 16.38 18.50 17.73 18.58 19.05 26.02 −11.5 −3.7 −5.0

Surface ........................................... 16.99 18.40 18.28 20.63 21.05 21.29 −7.7 −2.4 −2.5

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $19.41 19.93 20.24 20.73 21.01 20.95 −2.6 −2.0 −.8

Other Industrial.............................. 23.75 25.13 23.17 26.11 28.96 27.81 −5.5 −4.8 −1.7

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

250 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table A4. Illinois Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 743,592 744,512 891,109 882,323 963,470 1,380,697 −0.1 −6.3 −6.6

Productive Capacity1........................ 47,625 51,523 61,727 56,627 69,414 NA −7.6 −9.0 NA

Production Total ............................... 39,732 41,159 46,656 48,180 52,797 59,267 −3.5 −6.9 −4.3

Underground .................................. 35,251 34,824 38,948 41,118 43,281 39,337 1.2 −5.0 −1.2

Surface ........................................... 4,482 6,334 7,707 7,062 9,516 19,930 −29.2 −17.1 −15.3

Capacity Utilization2........................ 83.43 79.87 75.58 85.08 76.06 NA 4.4 2.3 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 18.7 18.1 19.1 18.3 18.3 23.3 3.5 .6 −2.4

Number of Miners ............................ 4,102 4,612 5,174 5,652 6,591 10,003 −11.0 −11.2 −9.4

Productivity Total2........................... 4.23 4.20 4.18 3.87 3.59 2.77 .8 4.2 4.8

Underground .................................. 4.24 4.07 4.10 3.86 3.49 2.41 4.3 4.9 6.5

Surface ........................................... 4.16 5.11 4.67 3.89 4.12 3.96 −18.5 .2 .5

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 952 1,358 1,190 2,069 1,651 − −29.9 −12.8 −

Imports3 ............................................ 61 148 216 223 346 − −59.0 −35.3 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 39,754 41,220 47,076 47,869 51,973 NA −3.6 −6.5 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 39,447 40,447 45,190 45,170 51,737 NA −2.5 −6.6 NA

Within State ................................ 16,652 18,085 16,052 15,587 17,517 NA −7.9 −1.3 NA

To Other States ........................... 22,795 22,362 29,137 29,582 34,220 NA 1.9 −9.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 307 773 1,886 2,699 236 NA −60.3 6.7 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − − − 49 236 NA − −100.0 NA

Steam ..................................... 307 773 1,886 2,650 − NA −60.3 − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 307 773 1,886 2,699 236 NA −60.3 6.7 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − − − 49 236 NA − − NA

Steam ..................................... 307 773 1,886 2,650 − NA −60.3 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 44,630 47,621 44,431 39,623 39,077 32,374 −6.3 3.4 3.6

Electric Utility ............................... 38,255 41,017 38,090 33,463 32,599 25,758 −6.7 4.1 4.5

Other Industrial.............................. 3,813 3,863 3,740 3,653 4,187 3,770 −1.3 −2.3 .1

Coke ............................................... w w w w w 2,549 w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w 298 w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w 8,952 w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 6,572 4,828 4,578 5,331 4,526 8,204 36.1 9.8 −2.4

All Other........................................ w w w w w 749 w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $22.86 $21.44 $22.74 $23.05 $23.14 $28.17 6.6 −.3 −2.3

Underground .................................. 22.96 22.22 23.12 22.88 23.18 28.66 3.3 −.2 −2.4

Surface ........................................... 22.07 17.12 20.86 24.04 22.92 27.20 28.9 −.9 −2.3

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $30.22 30.41 32.14 32.58 32.69 38.78 −.6 −1.9 −2.7

Other Industrial.............................. 29.46 29.76 29.69 29.03 29.13 31.17 −1.0 .3 −.6

Coke ............................................... w w w w w 46.67 w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1994 through 1998 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1989 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 251 
Table A5. Indiana Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 313,382 393,357 386,063 323,667 304,225 474,909 −20.3 0.7 −4.5

Productive Capacity1........................ 42,190 36,999 35,564 35,256 38,931 NA 14.0 2.0 NA

Production Total ............................... 36,803 35,497 29,670 26,007 30,927 33,641 3.7 4.4 1.0

Underground .................................. 3,445 3,530 2,963 3,540 3,324 2,519 −2.4 .9 3.5

Surface ........................................... 33,359 31,967 26,707 22,467 27,603 31,122 4.3 4.8 .8

Capacity Utilization2........................ 87.19 95.94 83.42 73.70 79.37 NA −9.1 2.4 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 8.5 11.1 13.0 12.4 9.8 14.1 −23.1 −3.5 −5.5

Number of Miners ............................ 2,807 2,712 2,579 2,571 3,206 3,684 3.5 −3.3 −3.0

Productivity Total2........................... 5.31 5.33 4.98 4.68 4.28 3.86 −.4 5.5 3.6

Underground .................................. 3.62 3.74 3.09 3.22 2.82 2.47 −3.1 6.5 4.4

Surface ........................................... 5.58 5.59 5.34 5.04 4.56 4.04 −.3 5.1 3.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 672 698 574 611 803 − −3.8 −4.4 −

Imports3 ............................................ 976 474 735 761 593 − 105.8 13.3 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 36,774 34,810 29,674 25,695 30,684 NA 5.6 4.6 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 36,774 34,805 29,664 25,625 30,477 NA 5.7 4.8 NA

Within State ................................ 32,872 29,916 24,309 21,185 24,733 NA 9.9 7.4 NA

To Other States ........................... 3,902 4,889 5,354 4,439 5,744 NA −20.2 −9.2 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. − 5 11 70 206 NA −100.0 −100.0 NA

Steam ..................................... − 5 11 70 206 NA −100.0 −100.0 NA

Canada Total ............................... − − − * − NA − − NA

Steam..................................... − − − * − NA − − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... − 5 11 69 206 NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... − 5 11 69 206 NA −100.0 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 66,296 66,042 64,021 62,631 59,996 57,388 .4 2.5 1.6

Electric Utility ............................... 55,086 54,845 52,855 52,089 50,554 42,378 .4 2.2 2.9

Other Industrial.............................. 4,395 5,086 4,987 4,373 4,244 4,738 −13.6 .9 −.8

Coke ............................................... w 5,715 5,823 5,883 4,841 9,754 w w w

Residential/Commercial................. 371 395 356 287 356 518 −6.2 1.0 −3.6

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 8,989 6,643 7,955 9,298 11,707 9,398 35.3 −6.4 −.5

Electric Utility ............................... 8,198 5,822 7,103 8,435 10,449 8,043 40.8 −5.9 .2

All Other........................................ 791 821 853 863 1,258 1,355 −3.7 −10.9 −5.8

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $19.68 $19.62 $20.24 $21.71 $22.28 $23.55 0.3 −3.0 −2.0

Underground .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $23.63 $24.35 $24.67 $25.94 $26.79 $29.08 −3.0 −3.1 −2.3

Other Industrial.............................. 30.21 29.75 31.76 33.14 31.35 32.88 1.5 −.9 −.9

Coke ............................................... w 50.75 51.93 52.74 50.90 51.47 w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1994 through 1998 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1989 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

252 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table A6. Kentucky Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,175,230 1,330,702 1,255,351 1,279,011 1,365,188 1,513,216 −11.7 −3.7 −2.8

Productive Capacity1........................ 186,737 195,453 189,225 203,173 213,427 NA −4.4 −3.3 NA

Production Total ............................... 150,295 155,853 152,425 153,739 161,642 167,389 −3.6 −1.8 −1.2

Underground .................................. 92,832 96,302 94,306 94,207 95,414 99,067 −3.6 −.7 −.7

Surface ........................................... 57,462 59,551 58,119 59,532 66,227 68,322 −3.5 −3.5 −1.9

Capacity Utilization2........................ 80.06 79.62 80.38 75.49 75.54 NA .5 1.5 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 7.8 8.5 8.2 8.3 8.4 9.0 −8.4 −1.9 −1.6

Number of Miners ............................ 18,025 18,937 18,826 21,125 23,368 30,656 −4.8 −6.3 −5.7

Productivity Total2........................... 3.73 3.94 3.80 3.57 3.25 2.78 −5.5 3.5 3.3

Underground .................................. 3.42 3.64 3.53 3.25 2.89 2.54 −6.0 4.3 3.3

Surface ........................................... 4.36 4.57 4.35 4.23 3.96 3.23 −4.5 2.4 3.4

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 4,651 5,376 4,460 4,777 5,025 − −13.5 −1.9 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

 R Distribution Total ............................. 153,102 152,746 152,891 151,466 159,130 NA .2 −1.0 NA R Domestic Distribution Total.......... 146,171 145,526 143,748 141,771 151,963 NA .4 −1.0 NA R Within State ................................ 29,690 22,813 25,700 27,140 26,719 NA 30.1 2.7 NA

To Other States ........................... 116,481 122,713 118,047 114,631 125,244 NA −5.1 −1.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 6,931 7,220 9,143 9,695 7,167 NA −4.0 −.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 5,042 4,762 5,303 3,640 3,120 NA 5.9 12.8 NA

Steam..................................... 1,889 2,458 3,841 6,055 4,047 NA −23.1 −17.3 NA

Canada Total ............................... 1,459 739 1,178 777 1,099 NA 97.4 7.3 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 1,459 739 1,178 777 1,073 NA 97.4 8.0 NA

Steam..................................... − − − − 26 NA − − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 5,472 6,481 7,966 8,918 6,067 NA −15.6 −2.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 3,583 4,023 4,125 2,863 2,047 NA −10.9 15.0 NA

Steam..................................... 1,889 2,458 3,841 6,055 4,021 NA −23.1 −17.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 39,235 42,228 40,863 39,516 38,090 32,792 −7.1 .7 2.0

Electric Utility ............................... 35,842 38,281 37,072 35,707 34,564 29,109 −6.4 .9 2.3

Other Industrial.............................. 1,829 2,251 2,322 2,250 1,994 2,168 −18.8 −2.1 −1.9

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial................. 232 354 117 130 285 227 −34.5 −5.1 .2

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 4,668 4,475 4,119 4,472 4,466 4,299 4.3 1.1 .9

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $23.82 $23.72 $23.91 $24.79 $24.88 $24.97 .4 −1.1 −.5

Underground .................................. 24.23 24.73 24.66 25.18 26.14 25.06 −2.0 −1.9 −.4

Surface ........................................... 23.16 22.08 22.68 24.19 23.07 24.84 4.9 .1 −.8

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $24.52 24.20 24.43 25.71 27.16 26.13 1.3 −2.5 −.7

Other Industrial.............................. 43.66 44.71 44.02 44.09 43.22 45.27 −2.3 .3 −.4

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available. R Revised Data.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 253 
Table A7. Montana Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,191,240 1,167,892 1,308,793 1,250,866 1,282,525 1,513,688 2.0 −1.8 −2.6

Productive Capacity1........................ 55,882 56,140 56,175 51,597 51,104 NA −.4 2.3 NA

Production Total ............................... 42,840 41,005 37,891 39,451 41,640 37,742 4.5 .7 1.4

Underground .................................. − 8 147 10 3 − −100.0 − −

Surface ........................................... 42,840 40,997 37,744 39,441 41,636 37,742 4.5 .7 1.4

Capacity Utilization2........................ 76.66 73.03 67.45 76.44 81.47 NA 5.0 −1.5 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 27.8 28.5 34.5 31.7 30.8 40.1 −2.4 −2.5 −4.0

Number of Miners ............................ 811 708 705 722 705 682 14.5 3.6 1.9

Productivity Total2........................... 26.11 23.56 21.88 21.06 21.92 18.94 10.8 4.5 3.6

Underground .................................. − − 3.50 − − −− − −

Surface ........................................... 26.11 23.56 22.34 21.06 21.92 18.94 10.8 4.5 3.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 745 682 580 718 635 − 9.3 4.1 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 42,674 40,942 38,288 39,620 41,916 NA 4.2 .4 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 41,860 40,363 37,770 39,362 41,672 NA 3.7 .1 NA

Within State ................................ 10,360 9,019 7,844 9,477 10,581 NA 14.9 −.5 NA

To Other States ........................... 31,500 31,345 29,926 29,885 31,092 NA .5 .3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 814 579 518 259 243 NA 40.6 35.3 NA

Steam..................................... 814 579 518 259 243 NA 40.6 35.3 NA

Canada Total ............................... 814 438 316 259 90 NA 85.7 73.5 NA

Steam..................................... 814 438 316 259 90 NA 85.7 73.5 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... − 141 202 − 153 NA −100.0 − NA

Steam..................................... − 141 202 − 153 NA −100.0 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 10,724 9,517 8,032 10,005 11,089 10,458 12.7 −.8 .3

Electric Utility ............................... 10,627 9,286 7,897 9,373 10,513 10,208 14.4 .3 .4

Other Industrial.............................. 93 149 130 621 572 197 −37.3 −36.4 −8.0

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 335 410 508 511 517 813 −18.3 −10.3 −9.4

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $8.25 $9.84 $9.96 $9.62 $10.39 $10.27 −16.1 −5.6 −2.4

Underground .................................. − − w − − −− − −

Surface ........................................... $8.25 9.84 w 9.62 10.39 10.27 −16.1 −5.6 −2.4

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $11.36 11.52 $11.90 11.47 11.79 9.81 −1.3 −.9 1.6

Other Industrial.............................. w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

254 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table A8. New Mexico Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,384,761 1,415,028 1,436,359 1,479,956 1,457,523 1,410,747 −2.1 −1.3 −0.2

Productive Capacity1........................ 32,790 31,604 32,695 32,760 32,807 NA 3.8 * NA

Production Total ............................... 28,597 27,025 24,067 26,813 28,041 23,702 5.8 .5 2.1

Underground .................................. 203 − − 640 950 45 − −32.0 18.2

Surface ........................................... 28,394 27,025 24,067 26,173 27,091 23,657 5.1 1.2 2.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 87.21 85.51 73.61 81.85 85.47 NA 2.0 .5 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 48.4 52.4 59.7 55.2 52.0 59.5 −7.5 −1.8 −2.3

Number of Miners ............................ 1,582 1,339 1,347 1,747 1,786 1,470 18.1 −3.0 .8

Productivity Total2........................... 8.68 9.37 8.45 6.92 6.77 7.93 −7.4 6.4 1.0

Underground .................................. 5.78 − − 2.68 2.57 1.03 − 22.5 21.1

Surface ........................................... 8.71 9.37 8.45 7.19 7.18 8.03 −7.0 4.9 .9

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,916 1,023 1,890 2,015 1,467 − 87.2 6.9 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 28,026 27,377 25,043 26,154 28,570 NA 2.4 −.5 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 28,026 27,352 25,035 25,640 28,540 NA 2.5 −.4 NA

Within State ................................ 15,819 15,786 15,009 14,630 15,464 NA .2 .6 NA

To Other States ........................... 12,206 11,566 10,026 11,010 13,076 NA 5.5 −1.7 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. − 25 9 514 30 NA −100.0 −100.0 NA

Steam ..................................... − 25 9 514 30 NA −100.0 −100.0 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... − 25 9 514 30 NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... − 25 9 514 30 NA −100.0 − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 15,963 15,887 15,297 15,221 15,374 15,295 .5 .9 .5

Electric Utility ............................... 15,883 15,802 15,215 15,137 15,297 15,250 .5 .9 .4

Other Industrial.............................. w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 789 795 815 967 1,462 1,403 −.8 −14.3 −6.2

All Other........................................ 4 w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $20.68 $21.83 $24.66 $23.80 $23.29 $23.42 −5.3 −2.9 −1.4

Underground .................................. w − − w w ww w w

Surface ........................................... w 21.83 24.66 w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $23.72 24.23 26.04 $25.59 $25.48 $22.61 −2.1 −1.8 .5

Other Industrial.............................. w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 255 
Table A9. North Dakota Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,169,618 1,210,828 1,301,400 1,667,596 1,694,548 1,360,556 −3.4 −8.8 −1.7

Productive Capacity1........................ 32,484 32,568 32,184 34,464 35,920 NA −.3 −2.5 NA

Production Total ............................... 29,912 29,580 29,861 30,112 32,286 29,566 1.1 −1.9 .1

Surface ........................................... 29,912 29,580 29,861 30,112 32,286 29,566 1.1 −1.9 .1

Capacity Utilization2........................ 92.08 90.82 92.78 87.37 89.88 NA 1.4 .6 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 39.1 40.9 43.6 55.4 52.5 46.0 −4.5 −7.1 −1.8

Number of Miners ............................ 895 657 640 716 645 850 36.2 8.5 .6

Productivity Total2........................... 17.36 17.82 17.20 16.80 18.84 15.69 −2.6 −2.0 1.1

Surface ........................................... 17.36 17.82 17.20 16.80 18.84 15.69 −2.6 −2.0 1.1

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,364 1,965 1,574 1,797 1,812 − 20.3 6.9 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 30,557 29,172 30,025 30,118 32,056 NA 4.8 −1.2 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 30,557 29,172 30,025 30,118 32,056 NA 4.8 −1.2 NA

Within State ................................ 30,557 29,172 30,025 28,838 29,731 NA 4.8 .7 NA

To Other States ........................... −−− 1,281 2,325 NA − − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 31,060 29,360 30,511 30,237 30,363 27,401 5.8 .6 1.4

Electric Utility ............................... 24,278 22,754 23,640 22,680 23,248 20,538 6.7 1.1 1.9

Other Industrial.............................. w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,580 1,755 1,642 1,858 2,406 3,731 −9.9 −10.0 −9.1

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $8.01 $8.06 $8.01 $7.99 $7.62 $7.36 −.6 1.3 .9

Surface ........................................... $8.01 8.06 8.01 7.99 7.62 7.36 −.6 1.3 .9

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $10.01 10.21 9.72 9.65 9.28 9.13 −2.0 1.9 1.0

Other Industrial.............................. w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

256 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table A10. Ohio Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 356,132 318,428 414,759 467,984 479,235 814,583 11.8 −7.1 −8.8

Productive Capacity1........................ 33,691 33,443 37,584 34,011 43,925 NA .7 −6.4 NA

Production Total ............................... 28,048 29,154 28,572 26,118 29,897 33,689 −3.8 −1.6 −2.0

Underground .................................. 14,604 16,949 15,912 13,077 13,607 10,824 −13.8 1.8 3.4

Surface ........................................... 13,444 12,205 12,660 13,041 16,290 22,865 10.1 −4.7 −5.7

Capacity Utilization2........................ 83.13 87.07 75.88 76.55 67.87 NA −4.5 5.2 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 12.7 10.9 14.5 17.9 16.0 24.2 16.3 −5.6 −6.9

Number of Miners ............................ 3,199 3,124 3,232 3,386 3,983 7,374 2.4 −5.3 −8.9

Productivity Total2........................... 3.63 4.02 3.95 3.62 3.42 2.33 −9.6 1.5 5.1

Underground .................................. 3.61 4.18 4.19 3.81 3.51 2.00 −13.6 .7 6.8

Surface ........................................... 3.66 3.81 3.69 3.46 3.34 2.52 −4.0 2.3 4.2

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,276 774 532 1,374 833 − 64.8 11.3 −

Imports3 ............................................ − 1 1 1 2 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 27,166 29,434 28,881 24,345 28,749 NA −7.7 −1.4 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 26,503 29,024 28,609 24,318 28,688 NA −8.7 −2.0 NA

Within State ................................ 23,091 24,521 24,478 20,228 23,907 NA −5.8 −.9 NA

To Other States ........................... 3,412 4,502 4,131 4,090 4,782 NA −24.2 −8.1 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 663 410 271 28 61 NA 61.5 81.7 NA

Steam..................................... 663 410 271 28 61 NA 61.5 81.7 NA

Canada Total ............................... 204 − 3 13 − NA − − NA

Steam ..................................... 204 − 3 13 − NA − − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 459 410 269 15 61 NA 11.8 65.7 NA

Steam..................................... 459 410 269 15 61 NA 11.8 65.7 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 60,338 58,933 59,835 56,580 56,711 61,016 2.4 1.6 −.1

Electric Utility ............................... 54,455 52,893 53,543 49,785 49,326 50,479 2.9 2.5 .8

Other Industrial.............................. 3,666 3,863 3,794 3,609 3,794 4,727 −5.1 −.8 −2.8

Coke ............................................... w 1,848 1,842 2,777 3,092 5,265 w w w

Residential/Commercial................. 391 329 656 409 498 545 18.9 −5.9 −3.6

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 6,175 6,324 5,428 5,936 7,815 7,055 −2.3 −5.7 −1.5

Electric Utility ............................... 5,902 6,066 5,229 5,661 7,499 6,607 −2.7 −5.8 −1.2

All Other........................................ 273 257 199 275 316 449 6.2 −3.6 −5.3

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $27.56 $23.66 $24.85 $25.97 $29.13 $30.49 16.5 −1.4 −1.1

Underground .................................. 28.48 25.16 25.98 28.98 31.61 37.30 13.2 −2.6 −3.0

Surface ........................................... 26.61 21.57 23.43 22.92 27.04 27.24 23.4 −.4 −.3

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $32.52 31.41 32.31 34.44 34.70 35.21 3.5 −1.6 −.9

Other Industrial.............................. 33.52 34.05 35.28 35.18 35.75 33.79 −1.5 −1.6 −.1

Coke ............................................... w 46.89 44.98 42.18 42.02 47.02 w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1994 through 1998 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1989 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 257 
Table A11. Pennsylvania Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 774,846 905,320 796,035 736,601 912,870 1,184,077 −14.4 −4.0 −4.6

Productive Capacity1........................ 94,511 87,527 81,684 77,187 80,975 NA 8.0 3.9 NA

Production Total ............................... 81,036 76,198 67,942 61,576 62,237 70,596 6.3 6.8 1.5

Underground .................................. 59,553 54,829 47,247 41,409 39,974 39,607 8.6 10.5 4.6

Surface ........................................... 21,483 21,369 20,694 20,167 22,263 30,989 .5 −.9 −4.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 85.28 86.46 82.53 78.81 75.89 NA −1.4 2.9 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 9.6 11.9 11.7 12.0 14.7 16.8 −19.5 −10.1 −6.0

Number of Miners ............................ 9,443 9,575 9,021 8,968 9,975 15,469 −1.4 −1.4 −5.3

Productivity Total2........................... 3.71 3.63 3.36 3.23 2.98 2.28 2.3 5.6 5.5

Underground .................................. 4.19 4.05 3.74 3.49 3.18 2.16 3.5 7.1 7.6

Surface ........................................... 2.81 2.86 2.72 2.79 2.67 2.47 −1.6 1.3 1.4

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,682 2,507 3,113 2,487 2,787 − 7.0 −.9 −

Imports3 ............................................ − 72 80 87 − −−100.0 − −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 80,525 73,725 69,128 62,240 61,508 NA 9.2 7.0 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 72,616 65,027 59,882 53,961 55,207 NA 11.7 7.1 NA

Within State ................................ 41,917 40,834 39,222 36,147 35,189 NA 2.6 4.5 NA

To Other States ........................... 30,700 24,193 20,660 17,814 20,018 NA 26.9 11.3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 7,908 8,698 9,246 8,279 6,301 NA −9.1 5.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 1,912 2,105 1,642 1,467 1,624 NA −9.2 4.2 NA

Steam..................................... 5,996 6,593 7,604 6,812 4,677 NA −9.0 6.4 NA

Canada Total ............................... 2,286 2,612 1,050 713 844 NA −12.5 28.3 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 17 − − 4 − NA − − NA

Steam..................................... 2,269 2,612 1,050 708 844 NA −13.1 28.1 NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 5,623 6,087 8,196 7,566 5,457 NA −7.6 .8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 1,895 2,105 1,642 1,463 1,624 NA −10.0 3.9 NA

Steam..................................... 3,728 3,981 6,554 6,103 3,833 NA −6.4 −.7 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 54,538 58,591 57,226 55,326 54,094 58,526 −6.9 .2 −.8

Electric Utility ............................... 42,971 42,603 41,076 39,252 38,044 43,241 .9 3.1 −.1

Other Industrial.............................. 3,618 4,410 4,466 4,027 4,044 3,995 −17.9 −2.7 −1.1

Coke ............................................... w 10,334 10,689 10,858 10,849 9,877 w w w

Residential/Commercial................. 841 1,244 995 1,188 1,156 1,413 −32.4 −7.6 −5.6

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 9,057 8,658 8,857 10,303 12,060 11,870 4.6 −6.9 −2.9

Electric Utility ............................... 8,441 7,790 7,878 9,244 11,000 11,069 8.3 −6.4 −3.0

All Other........................................ 616 868 980 1,059 1,060 801 −29.0 −12.7 −2.9

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $25.87 $25.98 $25.78 $26.78 $26.18 $29.33 −.4 −.3 −1.4

Underground .................................. 25.40 26.30 25.79 27.09 26.59 31.75 −3.4 −1.1 −2.4

Surface ........................................... 27.20 25.13 25.76 26.14 25.43 26.19 8.2 1.7 .4

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $33.28 33.28 34.06 33.48 35.39 35.50 * −1.5 −.7

Other Industrial.............................. 34.33 34.20 33.84 34.07 33.66 35.93 .4 .5 −.5

Coke ............................................... w 46.20 45.16 46.11 46.25 44.77 w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1994 through 1998 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1989 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

258 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table A12. Texas Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 791,111 921,939 878,486 939,901 1,026,309 1,135,326 −14.2 −6.3 −3.9

Productive Capacity1........................ 54,475 54,614 59,604 54,758 55,856 NA −.3 −.6 NA

Production Total ............................... 52,583 53,328 55,164 52,684 52,346 53,854 −1.4 .1 −.3

Surface ........................................... 52,583 53,328 55,164 52,684 52,346 53,854 −1.4 .1 −.3

Capacity Utilization2........................ 96.53 97.64 92.55 96.21 93.72 NA −1.1 .7 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 15.0 17.3 15.9 17.8 19.6 21.1 −13.0 −6.4 −3.7

Number of Miners ............................ 2,382 1,363 1,550 1,590 1,733 2,109 74.8 8.3 1.4

Productivity Total2........................... 10.13 10.24 10.13 9.10 8.82 7.31 −1.1 3.5 3.7

Surface ........................................... 10.13 10.24 10.13 9.10 8.82 7.31 −1.1 3.5 3.7

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,319 1,506 1,254 864 1,430 − −12.4 −2.0 −

Imports3 ............................................ 170 99 16 − 153 − 71.3 2.5 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 52,935 53,463 49,655 52,832 52,256 NA −1.0 .3 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 52,913 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 NA −1.0 .3 NA

Within State ................................ 52,769 53,463 49,538 52,812 52,256 NA −1.3 .2 NA

To Other States ........................... 144 − − −− NA − − NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 22 − 117 20 − NA − − NA

Steam ..................................... 22 − 117 20 − NA − − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 22 − 117 20 − NA − − NA

Steam ..................................... 22 − 117 20 − NA − − NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 99,430 101,297 98,997 92,612 93,829 90,989 −1.8 1.5 1.0

Electric Utility ............................... 94,661 96,537 94,189 88,358 88,479 86,701 −1.9 1.7 1.0

Other Industrial.............................. 4,755 4,759 4,808 4,255 5,350 4,275 −.1 −2.9 1.2

Residential/Commercial ................. 14 * − − * w 257.1 277.7 w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 8,007 6,540 10,477 10,829 9,793 w 22.4 −4.9 w

Electric Utility ............................... 7,784 6,352 10,287 10,628 9,578 9,329 22.5 −5.0 −2.0

All Other........................................ 223 188 190 201 215 w 18.4 .8 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $12.47 $12.15 $12.17 $12.16 $12.38 $10.91 2.6 .2 1.5

Surface ........................................... $12.47 12.15 12.17 12.16 12.38 10.91 2.6 .2 1.5

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $18.61 18.69 19.26 19.65 19.84 21.12 −.5 −1.6 −1.4

Other Industrial.............................. 21.05 20.13 18.99 18.76 19.54 18.45 4.6 1.9 1.5

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1994 through 1998 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1989 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 259 
Table A13. Utah Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 433,354 432,777 284,433 374,750 423,349 518,620 0.1 0.6 −2.0

Productive Capacity1........................ 33,838 30,281 30,230 30,888 27,640 NA 11.7 5.2 NA

Production Total ............................... 26,075 26,683 27,507 25,167 24,399 20,102 −2.3 1.7 2.9

Underground .................................. 26,075 26,683 27,507 25,167 24,399 20,102 −2.3 1.7 2.9

Capacity Utilization2........................ 77.06 88.09 90.97 81.48 88.27 NA −12.5 −3.3 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 16.6 16.2 10.3 14.9 17.3 25.8 2.5 −1.1 −4.8

Number of Miners ............................ 1,919 1,922 1,804 1,893 1,675 2,169 −.1 3.4 −1.3

Productivity Total2........................... 6.42 6.34 7.23 7.02 6.59 4.75 1.4 −.6 3.4

Underground .................................. 6.56 6.34 7.24 7.02 6.59 4.75 3.5 −.1 3.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 1,809 2,112 1,337 1,946 1,301 − −14.3 8.6 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 26,765 26,272 23,868 25,521 23,225 NA 1.9 3.6 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 24,229 22,857 18,563 21,591 20,527 NA 6.0 4.2 NA

Within State ................................ 12,531 13,936 9,389 12,755 13,586 NA −10.1 −2.0 NA

To Other States ........................... 11,699 8,922 9,174 8,836 6,941 NA 31.1 13.9 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 2,535 3,414 5,305 3,930 2,698 NA −25.8 −1.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 97 187 − − NA −100.0 − NA

Steam..................................... 2,535 3,317 5,118 3,930 2,698 NA −23.6 −1.5 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 2,535 3,414 5,305 3,930 2,698 NA −25.8 −1.5 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 97 187 − − NA −100.0 − NA

Steam..................................... 2,535 3,317 5,118 3,930 2,698 NA −23.6 −1.5 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 16,600 15,923 15,237 15,307 16,216 15,044 4.2 .6 1.1

Electric Utility ............................... 14,664 14,252 13,584 13,325 14,269 12,949 2.9 .7 1.4

Other Industrial.............................. 852 527 512 915 835 686 61.5 .5 2.4

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 2,461 2,309 1,526 2,250 2,753 3,202 6.6 −2.8 −2.9

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $18.47 $17.61 $21.63 $19.10 $19.27 $21.46 4.9 −1.1 −1.6

Underground .................................. $18.47 17.61 21.63 19.10 19.27 21.46 4.9 −1.1 −1.6

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $25.97 25.22 24.66 25.27 26.10 28.05 3.0 −.1 −.8

Other Industrial.............................. 19.05 19.28 19.10 19.74 26.57 26.79 −1.2 −8.0 −3.7

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

260 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table A14. Virginia Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 186,861 207,765 188,344 203,159 236,773 419,716 −10.1 −5.7 −8.6

Productive Capacity1........................ 38,884 43,023 41,593 43,037 46,462 NA −9.6 −4.3 NA

Production Total ............................... 33,747 35,837 35,590 34,099 37,129 43,006 −5.8 −2.3 −2.6

Underground .................................. 25,212 26,929 25,568 25,372 28,054 36,044 −6.4 −2.6 −3.9

Surface ........................................... 8,535 8,907 10,022 8,727 9,075 6,962 −4.2 −1.5 2.3

Capacity Utilization2........................ 86.29 83.09 85.34 79.07 79.61 NA 3.8 2.0 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 5.5 5.8 5.3 6.0 6.4 9.8 −4.5 −3.5 −6.1

Number of Miners ............................ 5,734 6,235 6,241 6,919 8,121 10,371 −8.0 −8.3 −6.4

Productivity Total2........................... 2.76 2.77 2.72 2.50 2.51 2.21 −.5 2.4 2.5

Underground .................................. 2.56 2.56 2.44 2.25 2.27 2.15 .1 3.1 2.0

Surface ........................................... 3.54 3.69 3.79 3.73 3.73 2.59 −4.0 −1.3 3.6

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 2,565 2,328 1,644 1,649 1,180 − 10.2 21.4 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

 R Distribution Total ............................. 33,539 35,577 36,208 34,024 38,548 NA −5.7 −3.4 NA R Domestic Distribution Total.......... 20,728 22,736 22,776 24,283 26,866 NA −8.8 −6.3 NA R Within State ................................ 7,602 6,854 7,231 5,657 6,867 NA 10.9 2.6 NA

To Other States ........................... 13,126 15,882 15,545 18,625 19,999 NA −17.4 −10.0 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 12,810 12,841 13,432 9,742 11,683 NA −.2 2.3 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 12,649 12,288 12,760 8,921 11,155 NA 2.9 3.2 NA

Steam..................................... 162 553 671 821 527 NA −70.7 −25.6 NA

Canada Total ............................... 719 508 387 445 786 NA 41.7 −2.2 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 719 508 387 445 786 NA 41.7 −2.2 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 12,091 12,333 13,044 9,297 10,897 NA −2.0 2.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 11,929 11,780 12,373 8,475 10,370 NA 1.3 3.6 NA

Steam..................................... 162 553 671 821 527 NA −70.7 −25.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 15,843 15,276 14,983 13,378 12,792 14,279 3.7 5.5 1.2

Electric Utility ............................... 12,300 11,605 10,994 9,543 8,670 9,573 6.0 9.1 2.8

Other Industrial.............................. 2,354 2,502 2,613 2,585 2,838 3,576 −5.9 −4.6 −4.5

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,370 1,152 1,010 1,098 2,064 1,368 18.9 −9.7 *

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $28.69 $28.24 $28.45 $28.47 $26.84 $27.64 1.6 1.7 .4

Underground .................................. 29.55 29.07 29.46 29.20 27.33 28.31 1.7 2.0 .5

Surface ........................................... 26.21 25.74 25.88 26.34 25.33 24.11 1.8 .9 .9

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $34.73 34.98 35.73 36.90 37.05 39.29 −.7 −1.6 −1.4

Other Industrial.............................. 43.60 43.85 43.51 42.50 41.56 38.92 −.5 1.2 1.3

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available. R Revised Data.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 261 
Table A15. West Virginia Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 1,907,763 1,736,836 1,731,154 1,731,400 1,829,630 2,313,423 9.8 1.0 −2.1

Productive Capacity1........................ 203,401 203,006 217,409 204,837 201,684 NA .2 .2 NA

Production Total ............................... 171,145 173,743 170,433 162,997 161,776 153,580 −1.5 1.4 1.2

Underground .................................. 117,191 116,523 115,585 110,029 111,679 113,202 .6 1.2 .4

Surface ........................................... 53,955 57,220 54,848 52,968 50,097 40,378 −5.7 1.9 3.3

Capacity Utilization2........................ 84.07 85.50 78.32 79.50 80.07 NA −1.7 1.2 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 11.1 10.0 10.2 10.6 11.3 15.1 11.5 −.4 −3.3

Number of Miners ............................ 17,167 18,245 20,121 21,334 21,861 29,482 −5.9 −5.9 −5.8

Productivity Total2........................... 4.50 4.46 3.91 3.74 3.69 2.77 1.0 5.1 5.5

Underground .................................. 4.13 4.03 3.50 3.40 3.38 2.59 2.6 5.1 5.3

Surface ........................................... 5.60 5.71 5.18 4.74 4.62 3.49 −1.9 4.9 5.4

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 6,008 5,504 4,947 6,176 6,692 − 9.2 −2.7 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 172,612 172,236 169,200 165,187 158,985 NA .2 2.1 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 135,082 133,777 127,156 120,866 122,779 NA 1.0 2.4 NA

Within State ................................ 28,451 29,141 29,220 29,018 30,891 NA −2.4 −2.0 NA

To Other States ........................... 106,631 104,636 97,936 91,848 91,888 NA 1.9 3.8 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 37,531 38,459 42,044 44,321 36,205 NA −2.4 .9 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 32,224 30,327 31,717 34,633 31,603 NA 6.3 .5 NA

Steam ..................................... 5,307 8,132 10,327 9,688 4,602 NA −34.7 3.6 NA

Canada Total ............................... 10,500 8,291 7,222 5,784 5,644 NA 26.6 16.8 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 8,945 6,956 6,907 5,759 5,605 NA 28.6 12.4 NA

Steam ..................................... 1,555 1,335 315 25 40 NA 16.5 150.0 NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 27,031 30,168 34,822 38,537 30,561 NA −10.4 −3.0 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 23,279 23,370 24,810 28,874 25,998 NA −.4 −2.7 NA

Steam ..................................... 3,752 6,798 10,012 9,663 4,563 NA −44.8 −4.8 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 38,649 37,122 36,139 34,489 34,767 37,186 4.1 2.7 .4

Electric Utility ............................... 35,132 34,487 32,775 30,657 30,318 32,391 1.9 3.8 .9

Other Industrial.............................. 1,613 1,652 1,630 1,984 2,637 2,712 −2.3 −11.5 −5.6

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Residential/Commercial ................. w w w w w w w w w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... w w w w w w w w w

Electric Utility ............................... 3,791 4,042 4,370 4,744 4,479 3,729 −6.2 −4.1 .2

All Other........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $27.07 $26.64 $26.58 $27.18 $27.42 $28.69 1.6 −.3 −.6

Underground .................................. 28.25 27.64 27.31 27.77 27.93 29.49 2.2 .3 −.5

Surface ........................................... 24.50 24.60 25.04 25.95 26.29 26.42 −0.4 −1.7 −.8

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $30.06 30.68 30.93 31.61 34.70 35.33 −2.0 −3.5 −1.8

Other Industrial.............................. 48.24 35.31 33.37 33.61 32.73 30.85 36.6 10.2 5.1

Coke ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

262 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table A16. Wyoming Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 7,220,356 6,464,670 6,591,293 6,723,963 6,999,460 6,287,739 11.7 0.8 1.5

Productive Capacity1........................ 379,380 366,680 350,908 337,184 321,046 NA 3.5 4.3 NA

Production Total ............................... 314,409 281,881 278,440 263,822 237,092 171,558 11.5 7.3 7.0

Underground .................................. 1,723 2,846 2,641 2,008 2,735 1,645 −39.4 −10.9 .5

Surface ........................................... 312,686 279,035 275,799 261,814 234,357 169,913 12.0 7.5 7.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 82.87 76.87 79.35 78.24 73.85 NA 7.8 2.9 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 23.0 22.9 23.7 25.5 29.5 36.6 .1 −6.1 −5.1

Number of Miners ............................ 4,073 2,777 2,814 3,142 3,291 3,351 46.7 5.5 2.2

Productivity Total2........................... 39.16 34.55 32.06 30.06 26.05 20.28 13.3 10.7 7.6

Underground .................................. 10.09 10.13 9.18 5.97 5.07 3.21 −.4 18.8 13.6

Surface ........................................... 39.79 35.42 32.84 31.02 27.37 21.38 12.3 9.8 7.1

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 3,873 2,036 1,504 1,997 1,592 − 90.2 24.9 −

Distribution (thousand short tons)

Distribution Total ............................. 314,891 280,795 279,117 263,601 235,540 NA 12.1 7.5 NA

Domestic Distribution Total.......... 311,162 278,255 276,723 261,333 234,016 NA 11.8 7.4 NA

Within State ................................ 27,719 26,756 26,253 26,521 28,334 NA 3.6 −.5 NA

To Other States ........................... 283,443 251,499 250,470 234,812 205,682 NA 12.7 8.3 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 3,729 2,541 2,395 2,269 1,524 NA 46.8 25.1 NA

Steam..................................... 3,729 2,541 2,395 2,269 1,524 NA 46.8 25.1 NA

Canada Total ............................... 1,931 818 443 32 − NA 136.2 − NA

Steam..................................... 1,931 818 443 32 − NA 136.2 − NA

Overseas Total3 .......................... 1,798 1,723 1,952 2,237 1,524 NA 4.3 4.2 NA

Steam..................................... 1,798 1,723 1,952 2,237 1,524 NA 4.3 4.2 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 28,763 26,096 26,646 25,933 27,459 23,952 10.2 1.2 2.0

Electric Utility ............................... 26,674 23,997 24,430 23,850 25,350 21,908 11.1 1.3 2.2

Other Industrial.............................. 1,929 1,959 1,835 1,937 w w −1.5 w w

Residential/Commercial................. 159 140 382 146 242 w 13.3 −9.9 w

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 1,320 1,555 2,267 2,936 2,553 w −15.1 −15.2 w

Electric Utility ............................... 1,243 1,498 2,197 2,857 2,476 3,337 −17.0 −15.8 −10.4

All Other........................................ 77 57 71 79 77 w 35.8 .1 w

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $5.41 $6.00 $6.41 $6.58 $6.83 $8.63 −9.8 −5.6 −5.0

Underground .................................. w w w w w w w w w

Surface ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $13.83 $14.16 $14.30 $14.29 $14.09 $14.86 −2.3 −.4 −.8

Other Industrial.............................. 24.10 23.68 22.32 22.72 22.87 24.14 1.8 1.3 *

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 263 
Table A17. All Other States Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 361,383 416,535 427,163 420,998 476,538 687,954 −13.2 −6.7 −6.9

Productive Capacity1........................ 23,093 24,996 23,441 24,495 23,451 NA −7.6 −.4 NA

Production Total ............................... 18,353 19,349 19,674 19,911 19,672 25,986 −5.1 −1.7 −3.8

Underground .................................. 4,618 4,909 5,227 4,880 4,880 6,606 −5.9 −1.4 −3.9

Surface ........................................... 13,734 14,440 14,447 15,031 14,792 19,380 −4.9 −1.8 −3.8

Capacity Utilization2........................ 79.02 77.22 83.55 81.02 83.52 NA 2.3 −1.4 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 19.7 21.5 21.7 21.1 24.2 26.5 −8.5 −5.0 −3.2

Number of Miners ............................ 1,982 2,344 2,394 2,312 2,373 4,523 −15.4 −4.4 −8.8

Productivity Total2........................... 4.25 3.78 3.73 3.96 3.82 2.82 12.6 2.7 4.7

Underground .................................. 3.63 3.29 2.94 3.03 2.86 1.83 10.2 6.1 7.9

Surface ........................................... 4.52 3.98 4.13 4.41 4.30 3.44 13.7 1.3 3.1 R Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 389 539 292 784 598 − −27.9 −10.2 −

Imports3 ............................................ 6,167 5,192 5,267 5,084 5,327 1,215 18.8 3.7 19.8

Distribution (thousand short tons)

 R Distribution Total ............................. 18,592 19,191 19,828 19,080 18,813 NA −3.1 −.3 NA R Domestic Distribution Total.......... 18,212 18,261 18,285 17,930 17,767 NA −.3 .6 NA

Within State ................................ 29 24 28 26 25 NA 18.5 3.9 NA R To Other States ........................... 18,184 18,236 18,257 17,904 17,743 NA −.3 .6 NA

Foreign Distribution Total............. 380 931 1,544 1,150 1,046 NA −59.2 −22.4 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 48 − 38 109 NA −100.0 −100.0 NA

Steam ..................................... 380 882 1,544 1,112 937 NA −57.0 −20.2 NA

Canada Total ............................... − * * 1 3 NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... − * * 1 3 NA −100.0 − NA

Overseas Total4 .......................... 380 931 1,544 1,149 1,042 NA −59.2 −22.3 NA

Metallurgical ......................... − 48 − 38 109 NA −100.0 − NA

Steam ..................................... 380 882 1,544 1,112 934 NA −57.0 −20.1 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 416,467 411,134 400,049 382,060 371,817 351,616 1.3 2.9 1.9

Electric Utility ............................... 382,587 376,543 365,146 344,785 334,773 312,655 1.6 3.4 2.3

Other Industrial.............................. 28,854 28,989 29,720 31,653 31,795 32,533 −.5 −2.4 −1.3

Coke ............................................... w 2,677 2,686 2,784 2,723 4,401 w w w

Residential/Commercial................. 2,004 2,925 2,497 2,838 2,526 2,028 −31.5 −5.6 −.1

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 63,195 49,227 60,121 62,368 57,506 64,269 28.4 2.4 −.2

Electric Utility ............................... 59,476 45,078 55,817 58,348 53,253 59,718 31.9 2.8 *

All Other........................................ 3,719 4,148 4,304 4,021 4,252 4,551 −10.3 −3.3 −2.2

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $23.95 $23.50 $24.06 $22.80 $23.19 $24.88 1.9 .8 −.4

Underground .................................. 25.62 24.26 25.78 26.25 26.97 27.63 5.6 −1.3 −.8

Surface ........................................... 23.38 23.24 23.44 21.67 21.94 23.95 .6 1.6 −.3

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... 26.38 27.39 27.46 28.22 29.70 33.31 −3.7 −2.9 −2.5

Other Industrial.............................. 37.96 38.47 38.22 38.51 38.72 39.20 −1.3 −.5 −.3

Coke ............................................... w 49.16 51.21 51.67 50.89 52.45 w w w

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1994 through 1998 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1989 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available. R Revised Data.

Notes: Other States include Alaska, Arkansas, California, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Washington. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

264 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table A18. Total U.S. Coal Statistics, 1989, 1994-1998

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Category 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Supply (thousand short tons)

Recoverable Reserves....................... 19,311,283 19,164,398 19,427,980 20,105,197 21,016,526 22,679,827 0.8 −2.1 −1.8

Productive Capacity1........................ 1,336,130 1,325,604 1,324,712 1,299,054 1,320,656 NA .8 .3 NA

Production Total ............................... 1,117,535 1,089,932 1,063,856 1,032,974 1,033,504 980,729 2.5 2.0 1.5

Underground .................................. 417,728 420,657 409,849 396,249 399,103 393,835 −.7 1.1 .6

Surface ........................................... 699,807 669,274 654,007 636,725 634,401 586,893 4.6 2.5 2.0

Capacity Utilization2........................ 83.51 82.13 80.21 79.40 78.11 NA 1.7 1.7 NA

Ratio of Recoverable

Reserves to Production..................... 17.3 17.6 18.3 19.5 20.3 23.1 −1.7 −4.0 −3.2

Number of Miners ............................ 81,257 81,516 83,462 90,252 97,500 131,497 −.3 −4.4 −5.2

Productivity Total2........................... 6.22 6.04 5.69 5.38 4.98 3.70 3.0 5.7 5.9

Underground .................................. 3.84 3.83 3.57 3.39 3.19 2.46 .3 4.7 5.1

Surface ........................................... 9.85 9.46 9.05 8.48 7.67 5.61 4.1 6.5 6.5

Producer/Distributor Stocks ............. 36,530 33,973 28,648 34,444 33,219 29,000 7.5 2.4 2.6

Imports3 ............................................ 7,543 6,200 6,476 6,317 6,599 1,215 21.7 3.4 22.5

Distribution (thousand short tons)

 R Distribution Total ............................. 1,122,421 1,078,896 1,059,892 1,030,330 1,022,523 NA 4.0 2.4 NA R Domestic Distribution Total.......... 1,042,236 995,664 967,693 940,423 949,843 NA 4.7 2.3 NA R Within State ................................ 367,564 356,763 340,005 336,821 353,765 NA 3.0 1.0 NA R To Other States ........................... 674,672 638,901 627,688 603,602 596,078 NA 5.6 3.1 NA R Foreign Distribution Total............. 80,185 83,232 92,199 89,907 72,680 NA −3.7 2.5 NA R Metallurgical ......................... 56,569 55,326 56,162 54,077 52,206 NA 2.3 2.0 NA R Steam ..................................... 23,616 27,906 36,037 35,830 20,474 NA −15.4 3.6 NA

Canada Total ............................... 17,913 13,405 10,599 8,023 8,467 NA 33.6 20.6 NA

Metallurgical ......................... 11,140 8,203 8,472 6,986 7,464 NA 35.8 10.5 NA

Steam..................................... 6,772 5,202 2,127 1,037 1,003 NA 30.2 61.2 NA R Overseas Total4 .......................... 62,273 69,827 81,600 81,884 64,214 NA −10.8 −.8 NA R Metallurgical ......................... 45,429 47,124 47,690 47,091 44,743 NA −3.6 .4 NA R Steam ..................................... 16,844 22,704 33,910 34,793 19,471 NA −25.8 −3.6 NA

Demand (thousand short tons)

Consumption Total ........................... 1,038,972 1,029,229 1,005,573 962,039 951,461 889,699 25.1 8.2 1.4

Electric Utility ............................... 910,867 900,361 874,681 829,007 817,270 766,888 1.2 2.7 1.9

Other Industrial.............................. 68,120 70,599 70,941 73,055 75,179 76,134 −3.5 −2.4 −1.2

Coke ............................................... 28,189 30,203 31,706 33,011 31,740 40,508 −6.7 −2.9 −3.9

Residential/Commercial................. 4,856 6,463 6,006 5,807 6,013 6,167 −24.9 −5.2 −2.6

Other Power Producers.................. 26,941 21,603 22,239 21,158 21,260 − 24.7 6.1 −

Consumer Stocks Total .................... 128,072 106,401 122,979 134,639 136,139 146,087 20.4 −1.5 −1.4

Electric Utility ............................... 120,501 98,826 114,623 126,304 126,897 135,860 21.9 −1.3 −1.3

All Other........................................ 7,571 7,576 8,355 8,334 9,243 10,227 −.1 −4.9 −3.3

Coal Prices (nominal dollars per short ton)

Mine Total ........................................ $17.67 $18.14 $18.50 $18.83 $19.41 $21.82 −2.6 −2.3 −2.3

Underground .................................. 25.64 25.68 25.96 26.18 26.39 28.44 −.2 −.7 −1.1

Surface ........................................... 12.92 13.39 13.82 14.25 15.02 17.38 −3.5 −3.7 −3.2

Consumer

Electric Utility ............................... $25.64 26.16 26.45 27.01 28.03 30.15 −2.0 −2.2 −1.8

Other Industrial.............................. 32.30 32.41 32.32 32.42 32.55 33.03 −.3 −.2 −.2

Coke ............................................... 46.06 47.61 47.33 47.34 46.56 47.50 −3.3 −.3 −.3

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 Capacity utilization (percent) is the ratio of total production to annual productive capacity as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Productivity (short tons per miner per hour) is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, and shop or yard work at mining operations.

3 Imports for 1994 through 1998 include imports to electric utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants. Imports for 1989 include only imports to electric utilities.

4 Includes Mexico. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available. R Revised Data.

Notes: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; and U.S.

Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report,’’ and for 1997 and

prior years, Form EIA-867, ‘‘Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report,’’ and for 1998, Form EIA-860B, ‘‘Annual Eletric Generator Report - Nonutility.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 265 
Appendix B

Metric Tables

In response to requests from international users of

U.S. coal statistics, certain summary data have been

converted from the customary short tons to metric.

This enables U.S. statistics to be compared with data

published by countries using the metric system. The

conversion to metric tons is made by multiplying

short tons by 0.907185.

The data converted to metric tons are from Tables

ES3, 1, 16, 25, 35, 48, 67, 68, 76, 80, 92, 94, 96, 98,

and 99.

Table B1. Trends in U.S. Coal Production, Imports, Consumption, Exports, and

Stocks, 1989, 1994-1998

(Million Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Activity 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Production............................................ 1,014 989 965 937 938 890 2.5 2.0 1.5

Imports................................................. 8 7 7 9 8 3 16.5 −.4 13.2

Producer and Distributor Stocks1 . 33 31 26 31 30 26 7.5 2.4 2.6

Consumption........................................ 918 914 892 854 844 807 .4 2.1 1.4

Exports................................................. 71 76 82 80 65 91 −6.6 2.3 −2.8

Consumer Stocks1............................... 116 97 112 122 124 133 19.9 −1.5 −1.4

1 Reported as of the last day of the quarter.

 Note: Consumption does not include coal consumed by other power producers.

Sources: • Production: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and

Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report’’; and State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports. • Imports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’ • Producer and Distributor Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’ • Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

• Consumption and Consumer Stocks: EIA, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing

Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 267 
Table B2. Coal Production by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 20,877 22,197 22,351 22,353 21,106 25,394 −5.9 −0.3 −2.1

Alaska .................................................. 1,220 1,315 1,343 1,540 1,422 1,436 −7.3 −3.8 −1.8

Arizona ................................................ 10,265 10,635 9,473 10,838 11,844 10,828 −3.5 −3.5 −.6

Arkansas .............................................. 22 17 19 26 46 63 32.3 −16.8 −11.0

California ............................................. − − − − − 37 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 26,881 24,901 22,576 23,324 22,955 15,534 7.9 4.0 6.3

Illinois .................................................. 36,045 37,338 42,325 43,708 47,896 53,767 −3.5 −6.9 −4.3

Indiana ................................................. 33,387 32,203 26,916 23,593 28,057 30,519 3.7 4.4 1.0

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − 42 390 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 309 326 211 258 258 776 −5.3 4.6 −9.7

Kentucky Total .................................... 136,345 141,388 138,278 139,470 146,639 151,852 −3.6 −1.8 −1.2

Eastern .............................................. 105,827 109,695 106,096 107,539 112,897 114,069 −3.5 −1.6 −.8

Western ............................................. 30,518 31,693 32,182 31,931 33,742 37,784 −3.7 −2.5 −2.3

Louisiana.............................................. 2,918 3,216 2,922 3,374 3,141 2,706 −9.3 −1.8 .8

Maryland.............................................. 3,683 3,774 3,713 3,327 3,295 3,062 −2.4 2.8 2.1

Missouri ............................................... 337 364 644 497 761 3,064 −7.2 −18.4 −21.7

Montana ............................................... 38,864 37,199 34,374 35,789 37,775 34,239 4.5 .7 1.4

New Mexico ........................................ 25,943 24,517 21,834 24,324 25,438 21,502 5.8 .5 2.1

North Dakota ....................................... 27,136 26,834 27,089 27,317 29,289 26,822 1.1 −1.9 .1

Ohio ..................................................... 25,445 26,449 25,920 23,694 27,122 30,562 −3.8 −1.6 −2.0

Oklahoma............................................. 1,507 1,470 1,543 1,702 1,733 1,590 2.5 −3.4 −.6

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 73,515 69,126 61,636 55,860 56,460 64,044 6.3 6.8 1.5

Anthracite.......................................... 4,746 4,244 4,310 4,248 4,192 3,037 11.8 3.1 5.1

Bituminous........................................ 68,769 64,882 57,325 51,613 52,268 61,007 6.0 7.1 1.3

Tennessee............................................. 2,446 2,994 3,312 2,922 2,709 5,879 −18.3 −2.5 −9.3

Texas.................................................... 47,703 48,378 50,044 47,794 47,488 48,856 −1.4 .1 −.3

Utah...................................................... 23,655 24,206 24,954 22,831 22,135 18,237 −2.3 1.7 2.9

Virginia ................................................ 30,615 32,511 32,286 30,934 33,683 39,014 −5.8 −2.3 −2.6

Washington .......................................... 4,208 4,078 4,142 4,416 4,439 4,571 3.2 −1.3 −.9

West Virginia Total............................. 155,260 157,617 154,614 147,869 146,760 139,325 −1.5 1.4 1.2

Northern ............................................ 40,477 38,829 41,649 41,834 44,739 50,819 4.2 −2.5 −2.5

Southern ............................................ 114,783 118,788 112,965 106,034 102,022 88,507 −3.4 3.0 2.9

Wyoming ............................................. 285,227 255,718 252,597 239,336 215,086 155,635 11.5 7.3 7.0

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 417,668 424,361 409,928 394,499 404,033 421,349 −1.6 .8 −.1

Interior Total1 ................................... 152,746 155,005 156,805 152,884 163,164 179,514 −1.4 −1.6 −1.8

Western Total1 .................................. 443,398 409,404 398,381 389,715 370,382 288,840 8.3 4.6 4.9

East of Miss. River............................ 517,618 525,595 511,351 493,732 513,729 543,418 −1.5 .2 −.5

West of Miss. River........................... 496,194 463,175 453,763 443,367 423,851 346,285 7.1 4.0 4.1

U.S. Total............................................ 1,013,811 988,770 965,114 937,098 937,580 889,702 2.5 2.0 1.5

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Coal production excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

268 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table B3. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 19891 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 25,302 26,382 29,174 29,526 29,982 NA −4.1 −4.1 NA

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w NA w w NA

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w NA w w NA

Arkansas .............................................. w w − w w NA w w NA

California ............................................. − − − − − NA − − NA

Colorado .............................................. 33,256 32,174 26,608 29,425 28,191 NA 3.4 4.2 NA

Illinois .................................................. 43,205 46,741 55,998 51,371 62,971 NA −7.6 −9.0 NA

Indiana ................................................. 38,274 33,565 32,263 31,984 35,318 NA 14.0 2.0 NA

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − w NA − − NA

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w NA w w NA

Kentucky Total .................................... 169,405 177,312 171,662 184,316 193,618 NA −4.4 −3.3 NA

Eastern .............................................. 131,818 138,510 132,169 137,993 146,720 NA −4.8 −2.6 NA

Western ............................................. 37,587 38,802 39,493 46,323 46,897 NA −3.1 −5.4 NA

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w NA w w NA

Maryland.............................................. 3,856 4,430 4,477 3,999 3,930 NA −13.0 −.5 NA

Missouri ............................................... 772 626 949 980 1,097 NA 23.4 −8.4 NA

Montana ............................................... 50,695 50,930 50,961 46,808 46,361 NA −.4 2.3 NA

New Mexico ........................................ 29,747 28,670 29,660 29,719 29,762 NA 3.8 * NA

North Dakota ....................................... 29,469 29,545 29,197 31,265 32,586 NA −.3 −2.5 NA

Ohio ..................................................... 30,564 30,339 34,096 30,854 39,848 NA .7 −6.4 NA

Oklahoma............................................. 1,797 2,223 1,797 2,320 2,042 NA −19.2 −3.1 NA

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 85,739 79,404 74,102 70,023 73,460 NA 8.0 3.9 NA

Anthracite.......................................... 6,194 4,993 4,993 5,939 5,240 NA 24.0 4.3 NA

Bituminous........................................ 79,545 74,411 69,109 64,083 68,220 NA 6.9 3.9 NA

Tennessee............................................. 3,759 3,719 3,637 3,402 3,092 NA 1.1 5.0 NA

Texas.................................................... 49,419 49,545 54,072 49,676 50,672 NA −.3 −.6 NA

Utah...................................................... 30,697 27,470 27,424 28,021 25,075 NA 11.7 5.2 NA

Virginia ................................................ 35,275 39,029 37,733 39,042 42,150 NA −9.6 −4.3 NA

Washington .......................................... w w w w w NA w w NA

West Virginia Total............................. 184,522 184,164 197,230 185,825 182,964 NA .2 .2 NA

Northern ............................................ 44,231 46,034 49,534 51,124 53,792 NA −3.9 −4.8 NA

Southern ............................................ 140,291 138,130 147,696 134,701 129,172 NA 1.6 2.1 NA

Wyoming ............................................. 344,168 332,647 318,338 305,888 291,248 NA 3.5 4.3 NA

Appalachian Total2 ........................... 500,834 505,978 512,618 500,664 522,147 NA −1.0 −1.0 NA

Interior Total2 ................................... 174,891 175,740 188,385 186,329 203,116 NA −.5 −3.7 NA

Western Total2 .................................. 536,392 520,850 500,757 491,489 472,817 NA 3.0 3.2 NA

East of Miss. River............................ 619,901 625,085 640,372 630,341 667,333 NA −.8 −1.8 NA

West of Miss. River........................... 592,217 577,483 561,387 548,141 530,746 NA 2.5 2.8 NA

U.S. Total............................................ 1,212,117 1,202,568 1,201,759 1,178,482 1,198,079 NA .8 .3 NA

1 For 1989, the Form EIA-7A solicited data on ‘‘Daily Productive Capacity.’’ As a result, data for annual productive capacity is not available for that year.

2 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available.

Notes: Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes silt,

culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are

not required to provide data.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 269 
Table B4. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Million Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 339 340 410 463 415 461 −0.2 −4.9 −3.3

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. − − − www −− −

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. 490 515 582 628 614 601 −4.8 −5.5 −2.2

Illinois .................................................. 675 675 808 800 874 1,253 −.1 −6.3 −6.6

Indiana ................................................. 284 357 350 294 276 431 −20.3 .7 −4.5

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − w w −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... 1,066 1,207 1,139 1,160 1,238 1,373 −11.7 −3.7 −2.8

Eastern .............................................. 685 875 742 692 734 847 −21.8 −1.7 −2.3

Western ............................................. 381 332 396 468 505 526 14.9 −6.8 −3.5

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. 58 61 64 52 80 79 −5.1 −7.7 −3.3

Missouri ............................................... 3 1 2 2 11 w 187.8 −29.8 w

Montana ............................................... 1,081 1,059 1,187 1,135 1,163 1,373 2.0 −1.8 −2.6

New Mexico ........................................ 1,256 1,284 1,303 1,343 1,322 1,280 −2.1 −1.3 −.2

North Dakota ....................................... 1,061 1,098 1,181 1,513 1,537 1,234 −3.4 −8.8 −1.7

Ohio ..................................................... 323 289 376 425 435 739 11.8 −7.1 −8.8

Oklahoma............................................. 17 21 17 17 39 21 −22.8 −19.3 −2.9

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 703 821 722 668 828 1,074 −14.4 −4.0 −4.6

Anthracite.......................................... 80 109 81 45 34 55 −27.0 23.4 4.3

Bituminous........................................ 623 712 641 623 794 1,020 −12.5 −5.9 −5.3

Tennessee............................................. 24 51 54 62 38 65 −52.5 −10.5 −10.3

Texas.................................................... 718 836 797 853 931 1,030 −14.2 −6.3 −3.9

Utah...................................................... 393 393 258 340 384 470 .1 .6 −2.0

Virginia ................................................ 170 188 171 184 215 381 −10.1 −5.7 −8.6

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. 1,731 1,576 1,570 1,571 1,660 2,099 9.8 1.0 −2.1

Northern ............................................ 777 648 673 709 781 1,073 19.9 −.1 −3.5

Southern ............................................ 954 928 898 861 879 1,026 2.8 2.1 −.8

Wyoming ............................................. 6,550 5,865 5,980 6,100 6,350 5,704 11.7 .8 1.5

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 4,032 4,202 4,110 4,117 4,404 5,743 −4.0 −2.2 −3.8

Interior Total1 ................................... 2,203 2,351 2,501 2,572 2,784 3,544 −6.3 −5.7 −5.1

Western Total1 .................................. 11,284 10,833 11,014 11,550 11,878 11,287 4.2 −1.3 *

East of Miss. River............................ 5,373 5,566 5,665 5,679 6,059 7,953 −3.5 −3.0 −4.3

West of Miss. River........................... 12,146 11,820 11,960 12,560 13,007 12,622 2.8 −1.7 −.4

U.S. Total............................................ 17,519 17,386 17,625 18,239 19,066 20,575 .8 −2.1 −1.8

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short

tons, which are not required to provide data. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

270 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table B5. U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of Origin, 1989, 1994-1998

(Metric Tons)

Average Annual Percent Percent Change Continent and Country Change 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 of Origin 1997- 1994- 1989- 1998 1998 1998

R RR North America Total ..................................... 1,059,919 1,099,428 1,583,086 1,767,772 1,403,761 963,128 −3.6 −6.8 1.1 R RR Canada ........................................................... 1,058,137 1,099,108 1,576,456 1,738,296 1,396,648 911,150 −3.7 −6.7 1.7 R R Mexico ........................................................... 1,782 320 6,630 7,108 7,113 51,978 456.9 −29.3 −31.3

Netherlands Antilles...................................... −− − 22,368 − −−−−

R RR South America Total...................................... 5,407,158 4,201,364 4,234,575 5,671,088 5,363,380 1,538,125 28.7 .2 15.0

Argentina ....................................................... − 12 −−− 240 −100.0 − −100.0 R RR Colombia ....................................................... 3,155,356 2,827,805 2,745,687 3,819,494 3,743,061 1,214,321 11.6 −4.2 11.2 R RR Venezuela ...................................................... 2,251,802 1,373,547 1,488,888 1,851,594 1,620,319 323,564 63.9 8.6 24.0

Europe Total................................................... 39,529 24,163 2,369 474 36 10,468 63.6 475.6 15.9

Belgium & Luxembourg............................... 3,614 5,458 2,243 − − −−33.8 − −

Denmark ........................................................ −− − 214 − −−−−

France ............................................................ −− − − − 9 − −−100.0

Germany, FR................................................. − 18 −−− 300 −100.0 − −100.0

Italy ................................................................ 33 − − − − −−−−

Netherlands .................................................... −− − − − 10,159 − −−100.0

Norway .......................................................... − 18,491 − − − −−100.0 − −

Poland ............................................................ −− − − 36 − −−100.0 −

Spain .............................................................. 33,051 − 90 − − −−−−

Switzerland .................................................... − 182 − − − −−100.0 − −

Turkey ............................................................ − − 36 − − −−−−

United Kingdom............................................ 2,831 14 − 260 − − 121.4 − −

Asia Total........................................................ 1,284,831 1,324,946 1,392,520 923,980 1,046,493 43,350 −3.0 5.3 45.7

China (Mainland) .......................................... 2,329 1,820 − 48 101 43,267 28.0 119.1 −27.7

Hong Kong.................................................... 9 − 1 − − 37 − −−14.5

Indonesia ........................................................ 1,282,492 1,293,569 1,392,517 923,908 1,025,543 − −.8 5.7 −

Japan .............................................................. 1 − 2 24 1 −−−−

Korea, Republic of........................................ −− − − − 46 − −−100.0

Vietnam ......................................................... − 29,557 − − 20,848 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Oceania & Australia Total............................ 122,560 141,988 149,498 230,554 91,002 31,429 −13.7 7.7 16.3

Australia ........................................................ 84,060 104,789 149,498 192,054 83,646 31,429 −19.8 .1 11.5

New Zealand ................................................. 38,500 37,199 − 38,500 7,356 − 3.5 51.3 −

Africa Total..................................................... −− − − 141,931 − −−100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of..................................... −− − − 135,849 − −−100.0 −

Swaziland ...................................................... −− − − 6,082 − −−100.0 −

R RR Total ................................................................. 7,913,997 6,791,889 7,362,048 8,593,868 8,046,603 2,586,500 16.5 −.4 13.2

R Revised Data.

Note: Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 271 
Table B6. Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Metric Tons of Coal Produced per Miner per Hour)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... 2.11 2.17 2.00 2.03 2.04 2.04 −2.5 0.8 0.4

Alaska .................................................. 4.95 5.82 6.18 6.77 6.30 7.02 −15.0 −5.8 −3.8

Arizona ................................................ 5.83 6.16 5.72 5.75 6.08 5.67 −5.3 −1.0 .3

Arkansas .............................................. 1.77 1.76 − 1.33 1.38 1.59 .3 6.4 1.2

California ............................................. − − − − − 7.45 −− −

Colorado .............................................. 7.68 6.97 6.64 5.57 5.62 3.70 10.2 8.1 8.4

Illinois .................................................. 3.84 3.81 3.79 3.51 3.26 2.52 .8 4.2 4.8

Indiana ................................................. 4.82 4.84 4.52 4.24 3.88 3.50 −.4 5.5 3.6

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − 1.38 1.37 −− −

Kansas.................................................. 6.79 3.46 1.97 2.01 1.75 2.42 96.1 40.3 12.2

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.38 3.58 3.45 3.24 2.95 2.52 −5.5 3.5 3.3

Eastern .............................................. 3.30 3.48 3.34 3.14 2.94 2.34 −5.0 2.9 3.9

Western ............................................. 3.68 3.97 3.89 3.60 2.97 3.29 −7.3 5.4 1.3

Louisiana.............................................. 8.70 9.93 9.86 12.02 11.79 13.64 −12.4 −7.3 −4.9

Maryland.............................................. 3.60 3.56 3.74 3.46 3.34 2.72 1.0 1.9 3.1

Missouri ............................................... 2.25 2.89 3.16 2.31 3.26 3.11 −22.1 −8.8 −3.5

Montana ............................................... 23.68 21.37 19.85 19.10 19.89 17.18 10.8 4.5 3.6

New Mexico ........................................ 7.87 8.50 7.66 6.27 6.14 7.19 −7.4 6.4 1.0

North Dakota ....................................... 15.75 16.17 15.61 15.24 17.09 14.23 −2.6 −2.0 1.1

Ohio ..................................................... 3.30 3.65 3.59 3.29 3.10 2.11 −9.6 1.5 5.1

Oklahoma............................................. 3.05 2.28 2.37 2.69 2.43 1.95 33.9 5.8 5.1

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 3.37 3.29 3.05 2.93 2.71 2.07 2.3 5.6 5.5

Anthracite.......................................... 1.59 1.60 1.74 1.89 1.75 1.02 −.6 −2.4 5.0

Bituminous........................................ 3.64 3.53 3.23 3.06 2.82 2.17 3.2 6.6 5.9

Tennessee............................................. 2.36 2.15 1.99 2.14 2.03 1.56 9.9 3.9 4.8

Texas.................................................... 9.19 9.29 9.19 8.25 8.00 6.63 −1.1 3.5 3.7

Utah...................................................... 5.83 5.75 6.56 6.37 5.98 4.31 1.4 −.6 3.4

Virginia ................................................ 2.50 2.51 2.46 2.27 2.28 2.00 −.5 2.4 2.5

Washington .......................................... 4.27 3.26 3.60 3.67 3.73 3.03 31.1 3.4 3.9

West Virginia Total............................. 4.09 4.05 3.55 3.40 3.35 2.52 1.0 5.1 5.5

Northern ............................................ 4.26 4.06 3.68 3.38 3.29 2.41 4.9 6.7 6.6

Southern ............................................ 4.03 4.04 3.50 3.40 3.37 2.59 −.3 4.5 5.0

Wyoming ............................................. 35.52 31.34 29.08 27.27 23.63 18.39 13.3 10.7 7.6

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 3.37 3.41 3.16 3.01 2.90 2.26 −1.1 3.9 4.5

Interior Total1 ................................... 4.95 5.02 4.89 4.51 4.02 3.48 −1.4 5.4 4.0

Western Total1 .................................. 17.57 16.10 15.79 14.22 13.23 10.55 9.1 7.3 5.8

East of Miss. River............................ 3.49 3.53 3.30 3.13 2.98 2.39 −1.2 4.0 4.3

West of Miss. River........................... 15.78 14.55 14.21 12.87 11.99 9.27 8.4 7.1 6.1

U.S. Total............................................ 5.64 5.48 5.16 4.88 4.51 3.36 3.0 5.7 5.9

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

272 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table B7. Coal Consumption by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England...................................... 4,996 7,131 6,372 6,043 5,945 6,369 −29.9 −4.3 −2.7

Connecticut ....................................... 541 966 845 822 782 807 −44.0 −8.8 −4.3

Maine ................................................ 128 176 212 256 421 246 −27.0 −25.7 −7.0

Massachusetts ................................... 2,893 4,437 4,062 3,732 3,567 4,210 −34.8 −5.1 −4.1

New Hampshire ................................ 1,333 1,547 1,249 1,229 1,167 1,073 −13.8 3.4 2.4

Rhode Island..................................... 2 3 3 2 3 25 −25.5 −10.1 −24.6

Vermont ............................................ 99 2 2 3 4 8 NM 117.9 32.7

Middle Atlantic .................................. 62,858 66,385 64,379 62,108 61,268 69,106 −5.3 .6 −1.0

New Jersey........................................ 2,152 2,601 2,179 1,881 1,786 3,216 −17.3 4.8 −4.4

New York ......................................... 11,230 10,632 10,284 10,036 10,409 12,796 5.6 1.9 −1.4

Pennsylvania ..................................... 49,476 53,153 51,915 50,191 49,073 53,094 −6.9 .2 −.8

East North Central............................ 212,343 212,259 207,746 197,496 193,401 186,505 * 2.4 1.4

Illinois ............................................... 40,487 43,201 40,307 35,946 35,450 29,370 −6.3 3.4 3.6

Indiana .............................................. 60,143 59,912 58,079 56,818 54,427 52,062 .4 2.5 1.6

Michigan ........................................... 34,549 32,557 33,288 32,479 32,363 31,647 6.1 1.6 1.0

Ohio .................................................. 54,738 53,463 54,282 51,328 51,447 55,353 2.4 1.6 −.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 22,426 23,125 21,790 20,925 19,714 18,073 −3.0 3.3 2.4

West North Central........................... 131,026 125,333 123,961 118,867 113,935 103,641 4.5 3.5 2.6

Iowa .................................................. 21,183 19,704 19,206 18,721 17,546 15,536 7.5 4.8 3.5

Kansas............................................... 16,090 16,033 17,313 14,987 15,566 13,574 .3 .8 1.9

Minnesota.......................................... 17,768 17,315 17,476 17,189 16,991 16,583 2.6 1.1 .8

Missouri ............................................ 35,007 33,262 31,191 28,806 25,096 23,902 5.2 8.7 4.3

Nebraska ........................................... 10,698 10,170 9,415 9,431 8,437 6,883 5.2 6.1 5.0

North Dakota .................................... 28,178 26,635 27,679 27,431 27,545 24,858 5.8 .6 1.4

South Dakota .................................... 2,101 2,215 1,680 2,302 2,754 2,305 −5.1 −6.5 −1.0

South Atlantic .................................... 157,083 154,853 150,180 140,849 137,833 138,807 1.4 3.3 1.4

Delaware ........................................... 1,609 1,692 1,775 1,825 2,020 2,138 −4.9 −5.5 −3.1

District of Columbia......................... 6 36 21 5 43 54 −84.7 −39.8 −22.4

Florida............................................... 26,151 26,054 25,803 24,064 23,661 23,085 .4 2.5 1.4

Georgia.............................................. 29,666 29,659 28,266 28,384 26,539 25,327 * 2.8 1.8

Maryland........................................... 10,694 10,216 10,311 10,159 9,518 10,470 4.7 2.9 .2

North Carolina .................................. 26,233 26,860 25,060 21,849 21,121 20,175 −2.3 5.6 3.0

South Carolina .................................. 13,289 12,801 12,566 11,139 11,787 10,869 3.8 3.0 2.3

Virginia ............................................. 14,373 13,858 13,592 12,136 11,605 12,954 3.7 5.5 1.2

West Virginia.................................... 35,062 33,677 32,785 31,288 31,540 33,735 4.1 2.7 .4

East South Central............................ 98,328 102,636 100,199 96,008 90,074 79,520 −4.2 2.2 2.4

Alabama ............................................ 33,065 33,052 33,613 31,124 28,552 24,981 * 3.7 3.2

Kentucky........................................... 35,593 38,309 37,070 35,849 34,555 29,748 −7.1 .7 2.0

Mississippi ........................................ 5,350 5,691 5,254 4,178 3,887 3,475 −6.0 8.3 4.9

Tennessee.......................................... 24,320 25,585 24,262 24,856 23,079 21,315 −4.9 1.3 1.5

West South Central........................... 133,782 136,394 132,877 126,195 125,419 118,018 −1.9 1.6 1.4

Arkansas............................................ 13,212 12,763 13,441 12,284 11,427 10,476 3.5 3.7 2.6

Louisiana........................................... 12,601 12,586 11,371 12,118 12,791 11,314 .1 −.4 1.2

Oklahoma.......................................... 17,768 19,149 18,257 17,777 16,080 13,686 −7.2 2.5 2.9

Texas................................................. 90,202 91,895 89,809 84,017 85,121 82,543 −1.8 1.5 1.0

Mountain ............................................ 106,817 101,051 97,274 97,906 104,957 96,354 5.7 .4 1.1

Arizona.............................................. 17,249 16,515 15,234 15,134 17,763 15,305 4.4 −.7 1.3

Colorado............................................ 16,359 16,293 15,623 15,395 15,853 14,872 .4 .8 1.1

Idaho ................................................. 434 327 360 421 484 484 32.8 −2.7 −1.2

Montana ............................................ 9,729 8,634 7,286 9,076 10,060 9,487 12.7 −.8 .3

Nevada .............................................. 7,412 6,750 6,898 6,659 7,229 6,955 9.8 .6 .7

New Mexico ..................................... 14,482 14,412 13,877 13,809 13,947 13,875 .5 .9 .5

Utah................................................... 15,059 14,445 13,823 13,886 14,711 13,648 4.2 .6 1.1

Wyoming .......................................... 26,093 23,674 24,173 23,526 24,910 21,729 10.2 1.2 2.0

Pacific .................................................. 10,867 8,060 9,079 8,081 11,034 8,274 34.8 −.4 3.1

Alaska ............................................... 629 671 640 740 722 271 −6.3 −3.4 9.8

California .......................................... 2,543 1,936 2,102 2,375 2,266 2,314 31.3 2.9 1.0

Hawaii............................................... 152 132 154 174 78 29 15.2 18.2 20.1

Oregon .............................................. 1,882 832 1,029 1,020 2,249 359 126.1 −4.4 20.2

Washington ....................................... 5,662 4,489 5,155 3,772 5,718 5,300 26.1 −.2 .7

Other Power Producers.................... 24,440 19,598 20,175 19,195 19,286 − 24.7 6.1 −

U.S. Total............................................ 942,540 933,701 912,241 872,747 863,151 807,121 0.9 2.2 1.7

* Data round to zero.

NM Not meaningful as value is greater than 500 percent.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Regional totals for 1989 may not sum to the U.S. total due to distribution to unknown State.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form EIA-6A, ‘‘Coal Distribution Report’’; and for 1997 and prior years, Form EIA-867,

‘‘Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report’’, and for 1998 Form EIA-860B, ‘‘Annual Electric Generator Report - Nonutility.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 273 
Table B8. Year-End Consumer Coal Stocks by Census Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ w 740 1,176 879 1,013 987 w w w

Connecticut ....................................... w w w w w w w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ w w w w w w w w w

Rhode Island..................................... − − − − − 25 −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − * −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ w w w w w w w w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... 8,217 7,855 8,035 9,346 10,940 10,768 4.6 −6.9 −2.9

East North Central Total ................. 33,392 27,936 27,955 30,679 32,507 35,310 19.5 .7 −.6

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. 8,154 6,026 7,217 8,435 10,620 8,526 35.3 −6.4 −.5

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. 5,602 5,737 4,924 5,385 7,090 6,400 −2.3 −5.7 −1.5

Wisconsin.......................................... 4,508 4,016 4,045 3,317 3,118 3,790 12.2 9.6 1.9

West North Central Total ................ 17,263 13,456 16,626 16,976 16,072 18,451 28.3 1.8 −.7

Iowa .................................................. 3,865 2,671 4,184 4,034 3,790 4,151 44.7 .5 −.8

Kansas............................................... 2,891 2,085 2,707 3,501 2,380 2,980 38.7 5.0 −.3

Minnesota.......................................... 2,172 1,809 1,577 1,800 2,026 1,944 20.0 1.7 1.2

Missouri ............................................ 4,680 3,494 4,824 4,335 4,145 4,041 33.9 3.1 1.6

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... 4,218 3,182 3,119 2,965 3,550 4,074 32.5 4.4 .4

Georgia.............................................. 3,235 2,184 3,491 3,435 4,394 4,700 48.1 −7.4 −4.1

Maryland........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Carolina .................................. 3,402 1,836 2,423 2,590 3,917 2,718 85.3 −3.5 2.5

South Carolina .................................. 2,488 1,833 1,975 1,990 2,298 1,963 35.7 2.0 2.7

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ 3,245 2,696 2,593 3,310 3,748 3,800 20.4 −3.5 −1.7

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... 2,129 1,657 1,361 1,709 1,601 2,821 28.5 7.4 −3.1

West South Central Total ................ 13,381 10,291 18,040 18,656 14,478 16,033 30.0 −1.9 −2.0

Arkansas............................................ 1,020 865 2,467 2,558 1,612 1,952 17.8 −10.8 −7.0

Louisiana........................................... 1,979 1,141 2,250 2,422 1,744 2,496 73.4 3.2 −2.5

Oklahoma.......................................... 3,119 2,352 3,819 3,852 2,238 2,635 32.6 8.6 1.9

Texas................................................. 7,263 5,933 9,504 9,824 8,884 8,951 22.4 −4.9 −2.3

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona.............................................. 1,746 1,283 1,836 2,751 2,941 3,095 36.1 −12.2 −6.1

Colorado............................................ 2,597 2,246 2,771 3,340 2,853 3,602 15.6 −2.3 −3.6

Idaho ................................................. 114 96 70 107 71 112 19.6 12.7 .3

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

Wyoming .......................................... 1,198 1,411 2,057 2,664 2,316 3,094 −15.1 −15.2 −10.0

Pacific Total ....................................... 1,180 1,055 1,156 2,346 796 1,569 11.8 10.4 −3.1

Alaska ............................................... − * 1 1 2 2 −− −

California .......................................... 171 107 136 121 114 145 59.3 10.6 1.8

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... w 800 777 1,786 516 956 −.8 11.4 −2.0

U.S. Total............................................ 116,185 96,526 111,564 122,142 123,504 132,528 20.4 −1.5 −1.4

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Stocks for Residential and Commercial Sector are not included.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, ‘‘Monthly Power Plant Report’’; Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly’’; and Form

EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants.’’

274 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table B9. U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998

(Thousand Metric Tons)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... 20,245 15,374 12,346 9,444 8,623 15,370 31.7 23.8 3.1

Canada1 ............................................ 18,737 13,586 10,912 8,552 8,340 15,220 37.9 22.4 2.3

Mexico .............................................. 1,399 1,722 1,369 790 218 57 −18.7 59.1 42.6

Other2 ............................................... 108 66 66 102 65 93 64.5 13.8 1.7

South America Total......................... 6,381 7,452 6,808 6,321 5,394 6,699 −14.4 4.3 −.5

Argentina .......................................... 294 295 276 310 411 673 −.4 −8.0 −8.8

Brazil................................................. 5,874 6,763 5,933 5,761 4,973 5,153 −13.1 4.3 1.5

Chile .................................................. 46 132 521 206 * 855 −65.1 382.6 −27.7

Venezuela.......................................... 82 181 41 20 11 17 −54.9 66.6 19.4

Other2 ............................................... 86 81 38 24 * 1 6.4 317.6 63.0

Europe Total ...................................... 30,638 37,495 42,813 44,107 32,500 46,815 −18.3 −1.5 −4.6

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 2,898 3,918 4,145 4,084 4,455 6,436 −26.0 −10.2 −8.5

Bulgaria............................................. 898 1,011 1,258 1,214 1,123 87 −11.2 −5.4 29.5

Denmark............................................ 249 318 1,194 1,905 432 2,883 −21.6 −12.9 −23.8

Finland .............................................. 420 600 638 1,187 342 94 −30.0 5.3 18.1

France................................................ 2,895 3,083 3,495 3,319 2,608 5,912 −6.1 2.6 −7.6

Germany, FR .................................... 1,131 789 957 1,772 293 675 43.3 40.1 5.9

Iceland............................................... 35 49 56 36 7 58 −27.3 52.6 −5.4

Ireland ............................................... 1,043 578 694 829 883 1,132 80.5 4.2 −.9

Italy ................................................... 4,824 6,368 8,350 8,222 6,843 10,196 −24.2 −8.4 −8.0

Netherlands ....................................... 4,097 4,377 6,403 6,624 4,421 5,512 −6.4 −1.9 −3.2

Norway.............................................. 85 87 77 109 79 128 −3.3 1.8 −4.5

Portugal ............................................. 677 1,334 1,635 1,590 958 1,292 −49.3 −8.3 −6.9

Romania ............................................ 995 2,035 1,372 1,800 1,409 1,417 −51.1 −8.3 −3.8

Spain ................................................. 2,863 3,750 3,713 4,221 3,748 3,030 −23.6 −6.5 −.6

Sweden.............................................. 686 756 970 1,014 636 666 −9.2 1.9 .3

Turkey............................................... 1,444 1,898 1,966 1,825 1,211 1,530 −23.9 4.5 −.6

United Kingdom ............................... 5,395 6,518 5,621 4,288 3,051 4,094 −17.2 15.3 3.1

Other2 ............................................... 2 26 268 71 * 1,672 −91.2 62.9 −51.9

Asia Total ........................................... 11,168 13,152 16,311 17,323 16,290 20,624 −15.1 −9.0 −6.6 R China (Mainland).............................. 1 115 − * − −−99.5 − −

China (Taiwan)................................. 1,378 2,033 2,215 2,298 3,061 4,080 −32.2 −18.1 −11.3

Israel.................................................. 478 538 1,090 690 784 442 −11.1 −11.6 .9

Japan ................................................. 7,017 7,234 9,551 10,693 9,215 12,561 −3.0 −6.6 −6.3

Korea, Republic of ........................... 2,225 3,165 3,423 3,640 3,228 3,480 −29.7 −8.9 −4.8 R Other2 ............................................... 70 68 32 2 3 62 3.2 119.6 1.4

Oceania & Australia Total............... 4 1 1 * * * 486.8 72.3 29.0

Other2 ............................................... 4 1 1 * * * 486.8 72.3 29.0

Africa Total........................................ 2,366 2,317 3,796 3,133 1,927 1,949 2.1 5.3 2.2

Algeria .............................................. 311 240 160 200 322 671 29.9 −.8 −8.2

Egypt ................................................. 808 1,025 941 1,120 951 531 −21.2 −4.0 4.8

Morocco ............................................ 62 129 1,497 1,099 76 747 −52.0 −5.0 −24.2

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 1,178 895 1,197 713 578 − 31.6 19.5 −

Other2 ............................................... 7 28 − − − * −75.3 − 55.9

Total .................................................... 70,804 75,791 82,075 80,329 64,735 91,458 −6.6 2.3 −2.8

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons (45,359 metric tons) in 1997.

* Data round to zero.

R Revised data.

Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 275 
Table B10. Average Mine Price of Coal by State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Coal-Producing 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change State and Region 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Alabama............................................... $41.04 $42.41 $43.52 $42.38 $44.22 $45.40 −3.2 −1.8 −1.1

Alaska .................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Arizona ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Arkansas .............................................. w w − w w ww w w

California ............................................. − − − − − w −− −

Colorado .............................................. $19.07 $20.35 $19.77 $21.23 $21.78 $26.06 −6.3 −3.3 −3.4

Illinois .................................................. 25.20 23.63 25.07 25.41 25.50 31.05 6.6 −.3 −2.3

Indiana ................................................. 21.69 21.62 22.31 23.93 24.56 25.96 .3 −3.0 −2.0

Iowa ..................................................... − − − − w w −− −

Kansas.................................................. w w w w w w w w w

Kentucky Total .................................... $26.25 $26.14 $26.36 $27.33 $27.42 $27.52 .4 −1.1 −.5

Eastern .............................................. 27.10 27.17 27.54 28.66 27.83 28.44 −.3 −.7 −.5

Western ............................................. 23.16 22.59 22.47 22.88 26.05 24.78 2.5 −2.9 −.8

Louisiana.............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Maryland.............................................. $26.84 $25.63 $26.90 $27.22 $29.04 $27.26 4.7 −1.9 −.2

Missouri ............................................... 22.91 18.60 25.70 20.84 w w 23.2 w w

Montana ............................................... 9.10 10.85 10.98 10.61 $11.46 $11.33 −16.1 −5.6 −2.4

New Mexico ........................................ 22.79 24.06 27.18 26.24 25.68 25.81 −5.3 −2.9 −1.4

North Dakota ....................................... 8.83 8.89 8.83 8.81 8.40 8.11 −.6 1.3 .9

Ohio ..................................................... 30.37 26.08 27.39 28.62 32.11 33.61 16.5 −1.4 −1.1

Oklahoma............................................. 28.68 29.02 29.25 26.60 28.18 31.37 −1.2 .4 −1.0

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 28.52 28.64 28.42 29.52 28.86 32.33 −.4 −.3 −1.4

Anthracite.......................................... 47.30 38.71 40.54 43.85 39.76 47.32 22.2 4.4 *

Bituminous........................................ 27.28 28.01 27.54 28.41 28.05 31.68 −2.6 −.7 −1.6

Tennessee............................................. 31.63 29.80 30.63 29.70 29.95 29.74 6.1 1.4 .7

Texas.................................................... 13.74 13.40 13.41 13.41 13.65 12.02 2.6 .2 1.5

Utah...................................................... 20.35 19.41 23.85 21.06 21.24 23.66 4.9 −1.1 −1.6

Virginia ................................................ 31.62 31.13 31.36 31.38 29.59 30.46 1.6 1.7 .4

Washington .......................................... w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia Total............................. $29.84 $29.37 $29.30 $29.96 $30.23 $31.62 1.6 −.3 −.6

Northern ............................................ 28.24 28.51 27.41 27.46 29.51 30.97 −.9 −1.1 −1.0

Southern ............................................ 30.39 29.65 30.00 30.94 30.54 32.00 2.5 −.1 −.6

Wyoming ............................................. 5.97 6.62 7.06 7.25 7.53 9.51 −9.8 −5.6 −5.0

Appalachian Total1 ........................... 29.60 29.26 29.52 30.25 30.16 31.68 1.1 −.5 −.8

Interior Total1 ................................... 20.34 19.75 20.29 20.73 21.90 23.49 3.0 −1.8 −1.6

Western Total1 .................................. 9.66 10.50 11.06 11.19 11.65 13.36 −8.0 −4.6 −3.5

East of Miss. River............................ 28.42 27.99 28.33 29.04 29.15 30.81 1.5 −.6 −.9

West of Miss. River........................... 10.19 10.93 11.46 11.56 12.03 13.51 −6.8 −4.0 −3.1

U.S. Total............................................ 19.48 19.99 20.39 20.76 21.40 24.06 −2.6 −2.3 −2.3

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: For 1997 and prior years, average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) mine value of the coal produced by the

total production. For 1998, average mine price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the coal sold by the total coal

sold. A measure of dispersion of the 1998 average prices at the State level (interquartile range) is given in Appendix D, Table D1. Excludes silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not

required to provide data.

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

276 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table B11. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Electric Utilities by Census Division

and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ $47.33 $48.14 $48.01 $47.78 $47.19 $49.10 −1.7 0.1 −0.4

Connecticut ....................................... 52.46 55.14 55.17 54.37 51.20 62.70 −4.9 .6 −2.0

Massachusetts ................................... 46.63 47.09 47.00 47.00 47.40 45.95 −1.0 −.4 .2

New Hampshire ................................ 46.68 46.98 46.55 45.93 43.72 50.91 −.6 1.6 −.9

Middle Atlantic Total........................ 37.84 37.91 38.67 38.17 40.04 40.82 −.2 −1.4 −.8

New Jersey........................................ 45.98 50.65 50.18 52.00 53.45 51.63 −9.2 −3.7 −1.3

New York ......................................... 41.27 41.14 40.95 40.63 41.49 44.45 .3 −.1 −.8

Pennsylvania ..................................... 36.69 36.69 37.55 36.91 39.01 39.14 * −1.5 −.7

East North Central Total ................. 30.33 30.52 31.18 32.70 33.69 37.59 −.6 −2.6 −2.3

Illinois ............................................... 33.31 33.52 35.43 35.91 36.04 42.74 −.6 −1.9 −2.7

Indiana .............................................. 26.04 26.84 27.20 28.59 29.54 32.05 −3.0 −3.1 −2.3

Michigan ........................................... 31.07 31.89 32.34 34.12 36.26 42.80 −2.6 −3.8 −3.5

Ohio .................................................. 35.84 34.62 35.61 37.96 38.25 38.81 3.5 −1.6 −.9

Wisconsin.......................................... 22.01 22.52 21.55 23.40 25.50 30.98 −2.2 −3.6 −3.7

West North Central Total ................ 16.44 16.96 17.12 17.75 18.47 21.88 −3.1 −2.9 −3.1

Iowa .................................................. 16.67 17.89 17.96 18.88 19.17 24.00 −6.8 −3.4 −4.0

Kansas............................................... 18.81 19.74 19.30 19.66 19.68 24.25 −4.7 −1.1 −2.8

Minnesota.......................................... 20.94 21.47 20.94 22.18 22.14 23.15 −2.4 −1.4 −1.1

Missouri ............................................ 18.07 18.52 19.08 20.00 23.58 30.87 −2.4 −6.4 −5.8

Nebraska ........................................... 11.10 11.09 13.64 14.18 14.45 15.79 .1 −6.4 −3.8

North Dakota .................................... 11.03 11.25 10.71 10.64 10.23 10.06 −2.0 1.9 1.0

South Dakota .................................... 17.84 17.62 18.67 15.82 14.44 16.79 1.2 5.4 .7

South Atlantic Total.......................... 39.22 40.05 40.43 42.17 43.57 45.41 −2.1 −2.6 −1.6

Delaware ........................................... 44.66 45.25 45.76 46.60 46.28 51.16 −1.3 −.9 −1.5

Florida............................................... 44.12 46.10 46.74 48.42 48.18 48.79 −4.3 −2.2 −1.1

Georgia.............................................. 40.03 41.09 40.28 42.57 43.89 47.35 −2.6 −2.3 −1.8

Maryland........................................... 41.48 42.71 42.43 42.99 43.92 45.11 −2.9 −1.4 −.9

North Carolina .................................. 39.31 38.97 40.65 44.72 46.04 48.89 .9 −3.9 −2.4

South Carolina .................................. 40.84 41.02 41.38 42.83 43.92 47.49 −.4 −1.8 −1.7

Virginia ............................................. 38.29 38.56 39.38 40.68 40.84 43.31 −.7 −1.6 −1.4

West Virginia.................................... 33.14 33.82 34.09 34.84 38.25 38.95 −2.0 −3.5 −1.8

East South Central Total.................. 32.07 31.64 32.35 33.16 35.75 37.18 1.4 −2.7 −1.6

Alabama ............................................ 39.99 39.22 40.11 40.78 44.55 49.42 1.9 −2.7 −2.3

Kentucky........................................... 27.03 26.68 26.93 28.34 29.94 28.81 1.3 −2.5 −.7

Mississippi ........................................ 35.84 35.76 36.71 37.92 39.18 46.62 .2 −2.2 −2.9

Tennessee.......................................... 29.10 29.40 30.46 30.80 33.75 35.21 −1.0 −3.6 −2.1

West South Central Total ................ 21.31 21.70 22.19 22.78 22.91 25.01 −1.8 −1.8 −1.8

Arkansas............................................ 28.14 31.48 28.83 30.85 30.76 31.36 −10.6 −2.2 −1.2

Louisiana........................................... 25.51 26.42 27.27 27.70 27.61 29.37 −3.4 −1.9 −1.5

Oklahoma.......................................... 17.35 17.50 18.51 18.74 19.29 26.48 −.8 −2.6 −4.6

Texas................................................. 20.51 20.61 21.24 21.66 21.86 23.28 −.5 −1.6 −1.4

Mountain Total.................................. 22.96 23.72 24.05 23.71 24.07 24.04 −3.2 −1.2 −.5

Arizona.............................................. 29.89 31.91 32.57 31.59 31.15 31.76 −6.3 −1.0 −.7

Colorado............................................ 21.39 21.97 22.31 22.85 23.16 23.10 −2.6 −2.0 −.8

Montana ............................................ 12.53 12.69 13.12 12.64 12.99 10.81 −1.3 −.9 1.6

Nevada .............................................. 32.05 34.28 33.55 31.99 35.68 37.26 −6.5 −2.6 −1.7

New Mexico ..................................... 26.15 26.71 28.71 28.21 28.08 24.92 −2.1 −1.8 .5

Utah................................................... 28.63 27.80 27.18 27.85 28.77 30.92 3.0 −.1 −.8

Wyoming .......................................... 15.25 15.61 15.76 15.75 15.53 16.38 −2.3 −.4 −.8

Pacific Total ....................................... 25.43 27.77 26.42 25.16 24.18 28.00 −8.4 1.3 −1.1

Oregon .............................................. 20.85 21.99 20.73 20.72 21.14 − −5.2 −.3 −

Washington ....................................... 26.94 28.82 27.46 26.17 25.27 28.00 −6.5 1.6 −.4

U.S. Total............................................ 28.26 28.83 29.16 29.77 30.89 33.23 −2.0 −2.2 −1.8

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance and freight.

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, ‘‘Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 277 
Table B12. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Other Industrial Plants by Census

Division and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

New England Total............................ w $69.95 $63.22 $62.72 $61.44 $71.41 w w w

Maine ................................................ w w w w w w w w w

Massachusetts ................................... w w w w w w w w w

New Hampshire ................................ − − − − − w −− −

Vermont ............................................ − − − − − w −− −

Middle Atlantic Total........................ $40.27 w w w w w w w w

New Jersey........................................ w w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... $46.24 $45.77 $44.21 $46.19 $46.52 $48.30 1.0 −0.1 −0.5

Pennsylvania ..................................... 37.84 37.69 37.30 37.56 37.10 39.61 .4 .5 −.5

East North Central Total ................. 36.62 36.96 37.96 38.45 38.27 38.95 −.9 −1.1 −.7

Illinois ............................................... 32.47 32.80 32.72 32.00 32.11 34.36 −1.0 .3 −.6

Indiana .............................................. 33.30 32.80 35.01 36.53 34.56 36.24 1.5 −.9 −.9

Michigan ........................................... 44.54 46.23 45.50 45.39 45.42 45.70 −3.6 −.5 −.3

Ohio .................................................. 36.94 37.53 38.89 38.78 39.40 37.24 −1.5 −1.6 −.1

Wisconsin.......................................... 44.55 44.12 44.12 44.32 45.45 46.49 1.0 −.5 −.5

West North Central Total ................ 20.64 20.97 21.00 20.86 20.52 19.87 −1.6 .1 .4

Iowa .................................................. 31.08 31.88 32.32 32.23 31.44 34.02 −2.5 −.3 −1.0

Kansas............................................... 34.26 35.20 35.78 35.74 35.55 31.32 −2.6 −.9 1.0

Minnesota.......................................... 32.74 34.21 31.80 37.92 39.31 40.25 −4.3 −4.5 −2.3

Missouri ............................................ 33.60 33.14 34.58 36.17 36.24 32.59 1.4 −1.9 .3

Nebraska ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

North Dakota .................................... w w w w w w w w w

South Dakota .................................... $26.45 $25.74 $27.45 $24.48 $24.01 $17.30 2.7 2.4 4.8

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Delaware ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Florida............................................... $49.18 $49.75 $50.36 $51.41 $51.37 $50.76 −1.1 −1.1 −.3

Georgia.............................................. 49.10 49.42 48.73 49.21 50.39 47.37 −.6 −.6 .4

Maryland........................................... 35.72 35.95 35.85 34.90 35.47 34.85 −.6 .2 .3

North Carolina .................................. 47.09 47.55 47.80 47.72 48.08 46.99 −1.0 −.5 *

South Carolina .................................. 48.53 48.75 48.59 47.58 48.32 46.49 −.4 .1 .5

Virginia ............................................. 48.07 48.33 47.96 46.85 45.82 42.90 −.5 1.2 1.3

West Virginia.................................... 53.18 38.92 36.78 37.05 36.07 34.00 36.6 10.2 5.1

East South Central Total.................. w w w w w ww w w

Alabama ............................................ $43.53 $44.31 $44.26 $43.58 $42.70 $44.49 −1.8 .5 −.2

Kentucky........................................... 48.13 49.28 48.52 48.60 47.64 49.90 −2.3 .3 −.4

Mississippi ........................................ w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... $40.37 $40.05 $38.82 $39.33 $38.96 $38.11 .8 .9 .6

West South Central Total ................ 25.26 24.71 24.02 24.29 25.29 25.40 2.2 * −.1

Arkansas............................................ 45.83 46.71 47.67 47.97 48.81 48.85 −1.9 −1.6 −.7

Louisiana........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oklahoma.......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Texas................................................. $23.20 $22.19 $20.93 $20.68 $21.54 $20.34 4.6 1.9 1.5

Mountain Total.................................. 30.09 29.91 29.44 29.83 31.73 31.67 .6 −1.3 −.6

Arizona.............................................. 42.63 42.78 43.29 44.60 45.58 43.85 −.3 −1.6 −.3

Colorado............................................ 26.18 27.70 25.54 28.78 31.92 30.65 −5.5 −4.8 −1.7

Idaho ................................................. 37.82 w w w w w w w w

Montana ............................................ w w w w w w w w w

Nevada .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

New Mexico ..................................... w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... $21.00 $21.25 $21.06 $21.76 $29.29 $29.53 −1.2 −8.0 −3.7

Wyoming .......................................... 26.57 26.11 24.61 25.05 25.21 26.61 1.8 1.3 *

Pacific Total ....................................... 47.53 47.67 46.79 48.15 49.51 48.63 −.3 −1.0 −.3

California .......................................... 45.21 44.25 43.58 45.32 47.83 48.22 2.2 −1.4 −.7

Hawaii............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Oregon .............................................. w w w w w w w w w

Washington ....................................... w $65.92 $64.83 $65.20 $64.89 $54.57 w w w

U.S. Total............................................ $35.61 35.72 35.63 35.74 35.88 36.41 −.3 −.2 −.2

* Data round to zero.

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Notes: Price data are for manufacturing plants only. Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, ‘‘Quarterly Coal Consumption - Manufacturing Plants.’’

278 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table B13. Average Price of Coal Delivered to Coke Plants by Census Division

and State, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change

Census Division and State 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change

1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

Middle Atlantic Total........................ $48.67 w w w w w w w w

New York ......................................... w w w w w w w w w

Pennsylvania ..................................... w $50.93 $49.79 $50.83 $50.98 $49.35 w w w

East North Central Total ................. $53.34 54.15 54.61 54.12 52.06 54.63 −1.5 0.6 −0.3

Illinois ............................................... w w w w w w w w w

Indiana .............................................. w $55.94 $57.25 $58.13 $56.11 $56.73 w w w

Michigan ........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Ohio .................................................. w $51.69 $49.58 $46.50 $46.32 $51.83 w w w

South Atlantic Total.......................... w w w w w ww w w

Maryland........................................... − − − − − w −− −

Virginia ............................................. w w w w w w w w w

West Virginia.................................... w w w w w w w w w

East South Central Total.................. $51.18 w w w w w w w w

Alabama ............................................ w $55.16 $54.42 $53.38 $52.31 $51.45 w w w

Kentucky........................................... w w w w w w w w w

Tennessee.......................................... − − − − − w −− −

Mountain Total.................................. w w w w w w w w w

Utah................................................... w w w w w w w w w

U.S. Total............................................ $50.77 $52.48 $52.17 $52.18 $51.32 $52.35 −3.3 −.3 −.3

w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

Note: Average prices are based on the cost including insurance, freight, and taxes.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-5, ‘‘Coke Plant Report - Quarterly.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 279 
Table B14. Average Price of U.S. Coal Imports by Continent and Country of

Origin, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Origin 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

R RR North America Total......................... $39.00 $42.01 $40.24 $40.64 $35.98 $29.38 −7.2 2.0 3.2 R RR Canada .............................................. 39.02 42.01 40.26 40.72 36.05 29.05 −7.1 2.0 3.3

Mexico .............................................. 23.01 − 36.85 23.01 23.01 34.46 −−−4.4

R RR South America Total......................... 34.35 35.81 34.76 35.70 32.53 38.65 −4.1 1.4 −1.3 R RR Colombia........................................... 34.40 35.40 35.16 34.46 31.29 39.12 −2.8 2.4 −1.4 R RR Venezuela.......................................... 34.27 36.66 34.03 38.25 35.38 36.90 −6.5 −.8 −.8

Europe Total ...................................... 40.56 54.25 − 28.27 − 48.88 −25.2 − −2.0

Netherlands ....................................... − − − − − 48.88 − −−100.0

Norway.............................................. − 54.51 − − − − −100.0 − −

Spain ................................................. 40.21 − − − − −− − −

Switzerland ....................................... − 45.51 − − − − −100.0 − −

United Kingdom ............................... 46.33 − − 28.27 − −− − −

Asia Total ........................................... 37.62 36.43 35.77 38.73 37.58 − 3.2 * −

Indonesia........................................... 37.62 36.18 35.77 38.73 37.26 − 4.0 .2 −

Vietnam ............................................. − 54.11 − − 53.00 − −100.0 −100.0 −

Oceania & Australia Total............... 35.15 36.89 36.83 37.00 34.35 37.96 −4.7 .6 −.8

Australia............................................ 35.15 36.89 36.83 34.16 33.09 37.96 −4.7 1.5 −.8

New Zealand..................................... − − − 51.17 48.67 −− −100.0 −

Africa Total........................................ − − − − 27.92 −− −100.0 −

South Africa, Rep of ........................ −−−− 27.92 −− −100.0 −

R RR Total1 .................................................. 35.48 36.93 36.02 37.03 33.68 35.41 −3.9 1.3 *

R RR U.S. Total2.......................................... 35.48 37.83 37.23 37.54 33.85 37.63 −6.2 1.2 −.6

1 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal imports and fall within

the range of $20 to $55 per short ton ($18.14 to $49.90 per metric ton), inclusively.

2 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal imports.

* Data round to zero.

R Revised Data.

Notes: Average price is based on the customs import value. Coal imports include coal to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report IM 145.’’

280 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table B15. Average Price of U.S. Coal Exports by Destination, 1989, 1994-1998

(Nominal Dollars per Metric Ton)

Percent Average Annual Percent Change Continent and Country 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1989 Change of Destination 1997-1998 1994-1998 1989-1998

North America Total......................... $31.40 $33.70 $36.48 $37.53 $35.73 $46.61 −6.8 −3.2 −4.3

Canada1 ............................................ 30.48 32.15 35.53 36.92 35.36 46.68 −5.2 −3.6 −4.6

Mexico .............................................. 42.56 45.53 43.77 44.05 48.81 46.06 −6.5 −3.4 −.9

Other2 ............................................... 41.20 41.97 41.92 37.80 39.22 36.52 −1.8 1.2 1.3

South America Total......................... 47.20 48.44 48.29 47.90 46.61 47.96 −2.6 .3 −.2

Argentina .......................................... 49.24 52.57 51.11 47.84 46.83 49.09 −6.3 1.3 *

Brazil................................................. 47.24 48.64 49.25 48.37 46.59 50.32 −2.9 .3 −.7

Chile.................................................. 31.61 35.54 35.69 34.94 38.12 32.84 −11.1 −4.6 −.4

Venezuela.......................................... 45.04 45.02 45.05 40.61 45.04 43.31 * * .4

Other2 ............................................... 47.73 44.90 40.60 52.08 45.01 44.07 6.3 1.5 .9

Europe Total ...................................... 47.71 47.42 46.41 45.10 46.14 46.86 .6 .8 .2

Belgium & Luxembourg .................. 51.12 50.38 50.41 47.92 46.55 47.91 1.5 2.4 .7

Bulgaria............................................. 49.13 51.17 48.79 48.54 46.40 54.50 −4.0 1.4 −1.1

Denmark............................................ 37.50 34.97 32.29 32.37 32.22 36.33 7.2 3.9 .3

Finland .............................................. 44.64 45.89 46.42 43.51 45.34 46.79 −2.7 −.4 −.5

France................................................ 50.78 50.66 49.53 48.19 48.76 45.44 .2 1.0 1.2

Germany, FR .................................... 39.12 49.15 45.28 38.57 49.97 47.25 −20.4 −5.9 −2.1

Iceland............................................... 61.60 65.40 63.38 61.78 41.89 52.74 −5.8 10.1 1.7

Ireland ............................................... 40.10 41.88 41.17 39.76 37.28 42.01 −4.2 1.8 −.5

Italy ................................................... 51.29 50.19 49.66 48.66 47.40 48.06 2.2 2.0 .7

Netherlands ....................................... 49.89 49.57 45.59 46.26 46.22 44.99 .6 1.9 1.1

Norway.............................................. 61.51 64.35 62.89 62.19 60.16 57.73 −4.4 .5 .7

Portugal............................................. 41.93 40.52 40.26 40.18 39.96 44.35 3.4 1.2 −.6

Romania ............................................ 46.64 49.14 51.76 46.77 42.00 50.04 −5.1 2.6 −.8

Spain ................................................. 47.28 40.79 41.41 38.30 44.23 51.24 15.9 1.7 −.9

Sweden.............................................. 51.98 53.13 52.36 53.14 50.22 49.43 −2.1 .9 .6

Turkey............................................... 49.52 50.78 48.86 46.97 45.51 47.78 −2.5 2.1 .4

United Kingdom ............................... 43.00 43.32 42.88 45.11 49.67 50.28 −.7 −3.5 −1.7

Other2 ............................................... 38.50 38.13 37.43 41.96 45.09 48.03 1.0 −3.9 −2.4

Asia Total ........................................... 43.40 43.79 43.62 43.10 42.58 46.53 −.9 .5 −.8

China (Mainland).............................. 33.38 37.41 − 37.99 − −−10.8 − −

China (Taiwan)................................. 40.01 40.51 40.63 40.73 42.60 41.66 −1.2 −1.5 −.4

Israel.................................................. 36.93 40.58 40.12 39.45 36.63 43.18 −9.0 .2 −1.7

Japan ................................................. 42.54 42.99 43.44 43.14 42.47 47.39 −1.0 * −1.2

Korea, Republic of ........................... 49.38 48.48 47.10 45.17 44.35 49.36 1.8 2.7 *

Other2 ............................................... 50.57 44.55 53.89 32.73 41.05 58.24 13.5 5.3 −1.5

Oceania & Australia Total............... 52.95 44.93 44.89 43.82 44.04 38.57 17.8 4.7 3.6

Other2 ............................................... 52.95 44.93 44.89 43.82 44.04 38.57 17.8 4.7 3.6

Africa Total........................................ 50.17 53.46 48.90 47.47 48.05 44.24 −6.1 1.1 1.4

Algeria .............................................. 48.25 51.41 55.37 52.69 47.66 50.73 −6.1 .3 −.5

Egypt................................................. 48.05 56.54 58.83 54.42 47.55 50.25 −15.0 .3 −.5

Morocco ............................................ 34.80 33.81 37.40 36.37 38.62 34.14 2.9 −2.6 .2

South Africa, Rep of ........................ 53.05 53.64 54.61 52.23 50.34 − −1.1 1.3 −

Other2 ............................................... 42.82 43.29 −−− 43.96 −1.1 − −.3

Total3 .................................................. 42.49 44.36 44.67 44.13 43.98 46.77 −4.2 −.8 −1.1

U.S. Total4.......................................... 42.87 44.70 44.93 44.39 44.02 46.87 −4.1 −.6 −1.0

1 Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce began reporting statistics on U.S. exports

to Canada based on information on imports provided monthly by the Canadian government.

2 Includes countries with exports less than or equal to 50,000 short tons in 1997.

3 The average prices presented in this table, with the exception of U.S. Total, are considered to be representative prices for coal exports and fall within

the range of $20 to $60 per short ton ($18.14 to $54.43 per metric ton), inclusively.

4 U.S. Total is the average price of all coal exports.

* Data round to zero.

Note: Average price is based on the free alongside ship (f.a.s.) value.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Monthly Report EM 545.’’

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 281 
Appendix C

References

Figure C1. Coal-Bearing Areas of the United States

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 283 
Coal-Producing Regions

Appalachian

Alabama, Georgia, Eastern Kentucky, Maryland,

Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West

Virginia.

Interior

Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Western

Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas.

Western

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New

Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.

Table C1. Classification of Coals by Rank

284 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Coal Reports and Feature

Articles

Coal Reports

• Weekly Coal Production, DOE/EIA-0218 (00-14).

• Coal Data: A Reference, DOE/EIA-0064 (93),

February 1995.

• State Coal Profiles, DOE/EIA-0576, January

1994.

• Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121(99/3Q).

• The Changing Structure of the U.S. Coal Industry:

An Update, DOE/EIA-0513(93), July 1993.

• U.S. Coal Reserves: A Review and Update

DOE/EIA-0529(95), August 1996.

• Annual Energy Outlook 2000,

DOA/EIA-0383(2000), December 1999.

• Energy Policy Transportation Rate Study, Interim

Report on Coal Transportation DOE/EIA-0549,

September 1991.

• Electric Power Monthly, DOE/EIA-0226(99/11),

November 1999.

• Electric Power Annual, DOE/EIA-0348(98), Vol.

2, February 1999.

• Longwall Mining, DOE/EIA-TR-0588 March

1995.

• Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0035(99/11)

March 2000.

• Short-Term Energy Outlook: Quarterly

Projections January 1998,

DOE/EIA-0202(2000/2Q), April 2000.

• Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility

Plants 1998, DOE/EIA-0191(98), May 1999.

Feature Articles

• "U.S. Coal Supply and Demand: 1998 Review,"

Mining Engineering, May 1999, Vol.51,No.5,

May 1999, pp.49-56.

• "Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal,"

Quarterly Coal Report, DOE/EIA-0121 (94/1Q),

August 1994.

• "Federal and Indian Coal Lands: A Growing

Source of Energy and Revenue," Coal Production

1992, DOE/EIA-0118(92), October 1993.

• "Coal Supply and Demand in 1993: A Review,

1993," Mining Engineering, May 1994,

pp.433-436.

• "Wyoming Coal: An Overview," Coal Production

1991, DOE/EIA-0118(91), October 1992.

• "Profile of New Coal Mines in the 1980's," Coal

Production 1990, DOE/EIA-0118), September

1991.

• "The Comparability of Resource and Reserve

Data for Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, and

Uranium," Quarterly Coal Report OctoberDecember 1994, DOE/EIA-0121 (94/4Q) May

1995.

• "Annual Review 1995: Coal Overview," Mining

Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 5, May 1996, pp.

41-46.

• "Coal Geology, Reserves and Production in

Northern and Central Appalachia," Mining Engineering, Special Edition, December 1995.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 285 
Appendix D

Explanatory Notes

Data Sources

All data in this report were collected by the Energy

Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department

of Energy (DOE), except: import and export data,

which were collected by the Bureau of the Census

(Census Bureau), U.S. Department of Commerce; supplemental export data which were collected by King's

Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee;

Federal and Indian land leasing data which were collected by the U.S. Department of the Interior (Bureau

of Land Management and Minerals Management

Service); and miner injury and fatality data which

were collected by the U.S. Department of Labor

(Mine Safety and Health Administration).

Coal Surveys

As early as the 1880's, the U.S. Geological Survey

began collecting coal data under a voluntary reporting

system. The responsibility for gathering this information was transferred to the Bureau of Mines in the

1920's, initially under the U.S. Department of Commerce and later under the U.S. Department of the

Interior, which published the data in its Minerals

Yearbook. Except for a brief period from 1937 to

1943, when bituminous coal data were collected under

the mandatory authority of the Bituminous Coal Act,

the Bureau of Mines continued to conduct voluntary

coal surveys until the Department of Energy was

created.

Coal Production Report (Form EIA-7A)

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) began

collecting annual coal production data on October 1,

1977. The 1998 coal production and identification

data in this report were collected on Form EIA-7A,

"Coal Production Report," and the U.S. Department of

Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration's

Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal

Production Report" from companies that produced,

processed or prepared coal in 1998. All other data collected on Form EIA-7A are reported for only those

companies that owned a mining operation that

produced, prepared or processed 10,000 short tons or

more of coal in 1998 and preparation plants with

5,000 or more employee hours.

So that the EIA may fulfill its data collection functions as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), response to

this survey is mandatory. EIA compares respondents

to this survey with lists of mining operations maintained by various State coal mining/licensing agencies

and the Mine Safety and Health Administration

(MSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, to identify new

respondents. No sampling procedures are used. In

1998, there were 1,773 mining operations that

produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 or more short

tons of coal. All of the data were collected by mail

and were edited to ensure that they were complete and

accurate.

As in all surveys, data from Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," are subject to various sources of

error: (1) coverage (the list of respondents may not be

complete or, on the other hand, there may be double

counting), (2) nonresponse (all units that are surveyed

may not respond or may not provide all the information requested), (3) respondents (respondents may

commit errors in reporting the data), (4) processing

(the data collection agency may lose or incorrectly

transcribe the submissions), (5) concept (the data collection elements may not measure the items they were

intended to measure), and (6) adjustment (errors may

be made in estimating values for missing data).

Because the annual coal production survey (Form

EIA-7A) is not a sample survey, the estimates shown

in this report are not subject to sampling error. 1 It is

1 Sampling error is a measure of the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than a complete enumeration of units is

surveyed. 

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 287 
not possible to present estimates of nonsampling

error, but precautionary steps were taken at each stage

of the survey design to minimize the possible occurrence of these errors. These steps are described as

follows.

The forms are logged within 24 hours of receipt and

assigned to a team of data editors consisting of Coal

Table D1. Interquartile Range and Average Mine Price by State and Mine Type, 1998

(Dollars per Short Ton)

 Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing

 State and Average Interquartile Average Interquartile Average Interquartile Region Mine Price Range Mine Price Range Mine Price Range

Alabama .......................................... $37.69 $11.75 $35.89 $11.16 $37.23 $16.09

Alaska ............................................. − − wwww

Arizona ............................................ − − wwww

Arkansas .......................................... − − wwww

Colorado .......................................... 16.38 − $19.14 − $17.30 $4.01

Illinois ............................................. 22.96 2.29 22.07 − 22.86 2.52

Indiana ............................................. w w w w 19.68 2.62

Kansas ............................................. − − wwww

Kentucky Total ............................... $24.23 $4.20 $23.16 $3.00 $23.82 $3.93

Eastern .......................................... 25.36 2.85 23.57 5.40 24.59 3.04

Western ........................................ 21.23 2.14 20.24 1.88 21.01 2.98

Louisiana ......................................... − − wwww

Maryland ......................................... w w w w $24.35 $.15

Missouri .......................................... − − $20.78 − 20.78 −

Montana .......................................... − − 8.25 $8.85 8.25 4.00

New Mexico ................................... w w w w 20.68 7.15

North Dakota .................................. − − $8.01 − 8.01 .43

Ohio ................................................. $28.48 $14.03 26.61 $6.39 27.56 8.90

Oklahoma ........................................ w w w w 26.02 2.91

Pennsylvania Total ......................... $25.40 $1.91 $27.20 $7.45 25.87 2.97

Anthracite ..................................... 45.19 − 42.75 26.13 42.91 51.71

Bituminous ................................... 25.29 1.68 22.84 8.20 24.75 1.91

Tennessee ........................................ w w w w 28.69 7.06

Texas ............................................... − − $12.47 $2.43 12.47 3.59

Utah ................................................. $18.47 $6.28 − − 18.47 3.91

Virginia ........................................... 29.55 4.65 26.21 7.32 28.69 4.78

Washington ..................................... − − wwww

West Virginia Total........................ 28.25 7.56 $24.50 $6.13 $27.07 $7.37

Northern ....................................... 26.14 4.99 21.88 8.46 25.62 6.30

Southern ....................................... 29.28 5.91 24.79 4.31 27.57 7.01

Wyoming ......................................... w w w w 5.41 1.36

Appalachian Total1 ...................... $27.65 $5.50 $25.31 $4.39 26.85 5.27

Interior Total1............................... 22.33 2.59 16.05 6.88 18.45 8.17

Western Total1.............................. 17.58 3.42 7.77 3.50 8.76 7.36

East of Miss. River ....................... 26.72 5.04 24.07 5.90 25.78 5.38

West of Miss. River ...................... 17.66 3.42 8.41 6.99 9.25 9.67

U.S. Total....................................... 25.64 6.96 12.92 15.79 17.67 18.73

1 For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C. w Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.

 Note: Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less

than 10,000 short tons of coal during the year. Average Mine Price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) mine value of the coal produced by the total production.

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, ‘‘Coal Production Report’’; and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health

Administration, Form 7000-2, ‘‘Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.’’

team personnel. The editors screen the forms for legibility, completeness, and consistency. Names and

address changes are updated in the files. The reported

data are compared with data from previous years.

Inconsistencies are identified and the respondents

contacted for clarification. Computer edits are generated to identify keypunch errors, errors made by

coders, out-of-range codes, and unlikely data combinations. Errors are corrected to conform to the data on

the submissions or revised after telephone conversations with the company representatives. All changes

to reported data are documented. EIA maintains data

from the Form EIA-7A on an automated database at

its computing facility in Washington, D.C. The survey

forms are filed by EIA indetification number organized by State and county.

The survey forms were sent via regular mail in February with a due date of April 2, 1999. Nonresponse

letters were mailed April 11 to those mining operations that had not submitted their forms. Subsequent

to the letter, attempts were made to contact, by telephone, those nonrespondents whose reported 1997

production was 100,000 short tons or more.

288 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Some forms could not be delivered. Where possible,

address corrections were obtained. Some mining operations that had reported in earlier surveys or operated

only in 1998 were no longer in business.

Since 1992, California has not reported coal production as the courts determined that the product

mined in that State did not meet the standard classification for coal.

Missing coalbed classification, coalbed thickness,

and coal rank/group data were estimated using State

mining agency production reports, geological data,

and previous years' reports for these mines.

When a mine had a missing disposition value, its disposition was multiplied by the county-level average

mine price to estimate the value. County-level average

mine prices were calculated by dividing the total

value for the appropriate disposition (open/captive)

and the type of mining (underground or surface) by

the corresponding total disposition. All missing disposition was classified as open market unless information was available to classify it as captive. Of those

mines whose produciton was 10,000 or more short

tons, value data were esitmated for 313 mines, representing 4.4 percent (48.8 million short tons) of the disposition total.

When an underground mine had unreported mining

method, it was assumed that the mining method was

conventional.

Missing recoverable coal reserves data were estimated by using the mine's 1997 recoverable reserves

minus the mine's 1998 production. If this calculation

could not be made, the mine's projected production

for 1999 was used. If recoverable coal reserves for

1997 and 1998 and projected production for 1999

were all missing, no estimate was made. In 1998,

recoverable reserves were reported by or estimated for

1,127 mines, representing 1,045 million short tons, or

77.5 percent of the mines whose production exceeded

10,000 or more short tons.

Missing recovery percentage data were estimated by

using 1998 recovery percentage averages at the State

level for the appropriate type of mining (underground

or surface).

Missing productive capacity data were estimated by

assuming productive capacity was equal to 1998 production. If productive capacity was reported as less

than annual production, productive capacity was

equated to 1998 production. There were 482 in-scope

mines with production of 159.4 million short tons for

which 1998 production was used as a proxy for productive capacity, resulting in 100 percent capacity

utilization.

These mines included those with productive capacity

less than 1998 production, and mines that did not

report productive capacity and could not be contacted.

If these mines were excluded from the calculation of

percent utilization, the U.S. total becomes 81.27

versus 83.51, when those mines are included.

In 1998, there were 50 mines that produced 1.8

million short tons of refuse bituminous and

subbituminous coal. Those operations are not included

in this report. In 1998, there were 2.7 million short

tons of anthracite refuse produced and included in this

report. An estimated additional 4 million short tons of

anthracite refuse was recovered and used by nonutility

power producers in Pennsylvania is not included in

this report.

In order to protect the confidentiality of individual

respondent's data, a policy was implemented to ensure

that the reporting of survey data on mine prices and

recoverable reserves in this publication would not

associate those data with a particular company. The

final phase in the data quality assurance and control

procedures is determining which data must be suppressed (withheld) during publication to provide the

necessary confidentiality for mines or companies that

represent a significant portion of a reported data cell.

All withholding analysis is done based upon production volumes. These procedures are performed as

follows:

1. Primary Withholding Based on the Number of

Respondents in a Cell -- All cells with three or

fewer active coal mining operations are suppressed.

2. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule Phase 1

All cells containing between 4 and 10 active coal

mining operations are examined. A cell is suppressed if any single respondent accounts for 75

percent or more of the volume for all respondents

included in that cell.

3. Residual Withholding Dominance Rule Phase 2

All cells in which two active coal mining operations represent 90 percent or more of the volume

for all respondents included in that cell are suppressed.

4. Complementary Suppression -- All tables are

reviewed to identify cells which should have data

withheld to prevent disclosure of already suppressed cells. An example of cells to be withheld

during complementary suppression is underground

price, if the surface price is withheld during

primary or residual suppression. Because the total

price is published, if the underground price is not

withheld, the surface price could be calculated

using the total price, the underground price, and

the underground, surface, and total volumes.

5. Most complementary suppression involves type of

mining considerations. Other complementary suppression is based on regional level data. A State

or region must be withheld during complementary

suppression because an already withheld State

could be calculated using other States and the

regional total. Cells are also selected for complementary suppression that represent the smallest

volumes or that were withheld in prior years.

6. Inter-table effects are also examined regarding

complementary suppression. For example, States

that are withheld in one State table can influence

the complementary suppression of an associated

State table. This analysis is very similar to that

done at the regional level, except that two tables

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 289 
are involved rather than one. Finally, similar

tables are reviewed to ensure that all like suppressed cells are consistently withheld (suppressed) in all tables in which they appear.

The withholding/suppression of data is performed as

an adjunct to the quality assurance (QA) procedures.

The work is performed by survey editors, and the QA

staff and is reviewed by the survey manager before

being submitted to division-level QA review.

All sensitive cells identified in withholding analysis

are denoted with the symbol/letter "w." The use of the

symbol/letter applies to primary, complementary and

inter-table suppressions as well as all withheld data.

The symbol/letter "w" is footnoted as follows: "w

Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company

data."

The interquartile range is a measure of dispersion of

State-level average mine prices. Two States may have

the same average mine price, but the spread about this

price may be totally different. For a fixed average

mine price, a larger interquartile range suggests a

broader distribution of coal prices than a smaller

interquartile range. The summary statistics (Table D2)

given in this publication are weighted by production.

The interquartile range (weighted by production) is

computed in the following manner:

• Each cell is sorted according to average mine

price, from the lowest to the highest.

• For each cell, the corresponding mine's production according to increasing average mine

price is divided by that particular cell's total production and multiplied by 100. These percentages

are then added as a cumulative percentage of production.

• The first quartile (Q1) is the associated mine price

for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 25 percent. Thus, at least 25

percent of that cell's total production is identified

with prices at or lower than Q1.

• The third quartile (Q3), is the associated mine

price for which the cumulative percentage of production first passes 75 percent. Thus, at least 75

percent of that cell's total production is identified

with prices at or lower than Q3.

The interquartile range is Q3-Q1.

Quarterly Coal Consumption Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3)

Form EIA-3 is used to survey U.S. manufacturers that

consume 1,000 tons or more of coal per year for all

uses other than coke production. These data were collected on a monthly basis until 1980, when the

reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule.

Data on manufacturers' coal stocks, receipts, prices,

and consumption are reported.

Through the end of 1988, all manufacturers that consumed coal were required to file Form EIA-3. Beginning with the first quarter of 1989, only those

manufacturers that consumed 1,000 or more tons in

the past year were required to report. In 1998, 601

manufacturers responded to the EIA-3 survey. The

response rate for the year was 100 percent. In order to

identify undercoverage problems, the data from this

survey are compared with shipments to manufacturers reported on EIA's "Coal Distribution Report,"

Form EIA-6A. At present, the coal receipts reported

by manufacturers on Form EIA-3 cover approximately 99 percent of the coal shipments to manufacturers on Form EIA-6A. Consequently, the coal

consumption data gathered on the Form EIA-3 do not

represent the total consumption at manufac- turing

plants. See Technical Note 5 for data adjustment procedures for coal consumption for the other industrial

sector.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

The respondent list of manufacturers for Form EIA-3

is compared with lists of coal-consuming manufacturing plants from State Air Quality and Energy

Offices. When new respondents are found, they are

added to the survey mailing list.

Annual Coal Quality Report -

Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3A)

Form EIA-3A contains questions on the origin of coal

(State or Country), the quantity of coal receipts, the

Btu, sulfur and ash content of the coal receipts, and

the basis used to determine the coal quality data. The

threshold for the annual collection will be the same as

for the EIA-3: manufacturing plants that consume in

excess of 1,000 short tons of coal per per year. In

1998, 601 manufacturers responded to the EIA-3A

survey. The response rate for the year was 100

percent.

Coke Plant Report (Form EIA-5)

Form EIA-5, a quarterly report of coal receipts,

carbonization, and stocks, and of coke and breeze production, distribution, and stocks, is used to survey all

U.S. coke plants.

Coke plants were surveyed monthly and a supplemental survey was taken annually until 1981, when

the reporting cycle was revised to a quarterly schedule

with an annual supplemental survey. In 1985, collection of the annual supplement was ended.

In 1998, there were 24 respondents to the EIA-5

survey, and the response rate was 100 percent. The

respondent list for this survey is updated by continuous monitoring of the industry literature.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

290 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke

Plants (Form EIA-5A)

This form contains questions on the origin of coal

(State or country), the quantity of coal receipts, the

volatile matter, sulfur and ash content, and the basis

used to determine the coal quality data. There is no

threshold for this form. In 1998, there were 24

respondents to the EIA-5A survey, and the response

rate was 100 percent.

Coal Distribution Report (Form EIA-6A)

Form EIA-6A is used to survey all U.S. companies

(producers and/or distributors) that own or purchase

and distribute more than 50,000 short tons annually.2

Data on coal production and purchases, distribution

by consumer category, and method of transportation

are reported.

In 1998, there were about 950 respondents to the

EIA-6A survey. Until the end of 1988, coal distribution companies were required to report production on

a Bureau of Mines district basis. For the year 1989,

respondents were required to report on a BOM

district/State basis. Beginning with the first quarter of

1990, respondents were required to report on a State

basis. The response rate for the current quarter was

100 percent. The annual production total reported on

Form EIA-6A exceeds 99 percent of total production

as reported by all mines on Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," due to the difference in reporting

thresholds. The data gathered on the Form EIA-6A

only represent the domestic coal distributed; therefore, imported coal distributed during the quartes is

not included.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and

unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and

July - September issued of the Quarterly Coal Report

(DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue,

any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied

and the data are considered final.

The respondent list for this survey is updated by comparing it with lists of coal producers from the Mine

Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), U.S.

Department of Labor, and from similar lists maintained by various State agencies. Also, new respondents are frequently identified on Form EIA-6A itself

when other companies are named as sources of coal

purchases.

Electric Utility Surveys

Coal data appear in this report from three surveys of

electric utilities --from all generating electric utilities

and from fossil-fueled plants.

The Census Bureau collected and published the results

of a census taken every 5 years from 1902 to 1937 on

the electric light and power industries and some data

on industrial production of electric energy. The U.S.

Geological Survey collected data on capacity and generation of electric utilities from 1920 to 1936, when

this activity was turned over to the Federal Power

Commission (FPC).

All data are presented as reported on the surveys. No

estimates or other adjustments are made for missing

data. The data are maintained in a computer system

and are edited to ensure that they are reasonable, consistent, and complete. For additional information from

these surveys and for other electric utility data, see

the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly

(DOE/EIA-0226).

Monthly Power Plant Report (Form

EIA-759)

Form EIA-759 (which, until 1982, was called FPC

Form 4) is used to survey all generating electric utilities. The Federal Power Act and FPC Order Number

141 define the legislative authority to collect power

production data. Consumption and stocks of coal and

other fuels at each plant are reported. The respondents

to Form EIA-759, approximately 700 plants,

accounted for 100 percent of total electric utility generation.

Beginning with the 1996 data collection, the Form

EIA-759 is a cutoff model sample of approximately

360 electric utilities drawn from the frame of all operators of electric utility plants (approximately 700

electric utilities) that generate electric power for

public use. Data will be collected on an annual basis

from the remaining operators of electric utiltiy plants.

The new monthly data collection is from all utilities

with at least one plant with a name- plate capacity of

25 megawatts or more. (Note: includes all nuclear

units). However, the few utilities that generate electricity by using renewable fuel sources other than

hydroelectric are all included in the sample. The Form

EIA-759 is used to collect monthly data on net generation; consumption of coal, petroleum, and natural

gas; and end-of-the-month stocks of coal and petroleum for each plant by fuel-type combination.

Current year data from this survey are considered

final.

2 For the States of Arkansas, Maryland, Oklahoma, and the anthracite portion of Pennsylvania, the threshold is 10,000 tons.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 291 
Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of

Fuels for Electric Plants (FERC Form

423)

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Form

423 is used to survey all fossil-fueled plants with a

total steam-generating capacity of 50 megawatts or

more. It is submitted by approximately 230 electric

utilities. (Before 1983, this form was called FPC Form

423, and all fossil-fueled plants with a total generating capacity of 25 megawatts or more were surveyed.) In 1972, the FPC issued Order Number 453,

which included the legislative authority to create

FERC Form 423. Cost, quality, and source of fuels

(by State or country of origin), including coal, are

reported. Current year data from this survey are considered final.

Annual Nonutility Power Producer

Report (Form EIA-867)

The Form EIA-867 is a restricted-universe census

used to collect annual data from all existing and

planned nonutility power producers in the United

States during the years 1993 through 1997. In 1992,

the reporting threshold of the Form EIA-867 was

lowered to include all facilities with a combined

nameplate capacity of 1 or more megawatts. Previously data were collected every 3 years from facilities

with a nameplate capacity between 1 and 5 megawatts. For the purpose of this data collection, a nonutility power producer is an enterprise that has electric

generating capacity and is not an electric utility. They

include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying small

power producers, and other nonutility generators

(including independent power producers) without a

designated franchised service area. The form is used

to collect data on the installed capacity, energy consumption, generation, and electric energy sales to

electric utilities from approximately 2,000 facilities.

Annual Electric Generator Report -

Nonutility (Form EIA-860B)

The Form EIA-860B is a mandatory survey of all

existing and planned nonutility electric generating

facilities in the United States with a total generator

nameplate capacity of 1 or more megawatts. The form

is used to collect data on the installed capacity,

energy consumption, generation, and electric energy

sales to electric utilities and other nonutilities by

facility. Additionally, the form is used to collect data

on the quality of fuels burned and the types of environmental equipment used by the respondent. These

data are aggregated to provide geographic totals for

selected States and at the Census division and national

levels.

Export and Import Data

Export and import data (except imports to electric

utilities, manufacturing plants and coke plants, which

are reported on the FERC Form 423, EIA-3A, and

EIA-5A, respectively.) are obtained from the Census

Bureau--export data from the monthly EM 545 (formerly EM 522) report, import data from the monthly

IM 145 report. The Census Bureau compiles these

data monthly from documents filed with the U.S.

Customs Service as required by law. They include

shippers' export declaration forms, import entry

forms, and warehouse withdrawal forms. No sampling

procedures are used. The Census Bureau publication

Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics describes the

foreign trade statistics program, including the EM 545

and IM 145 monthly reports. Data from these surveys

are considered final at the time of publication. Import

data for the years 1994 through 1997 have been

revised in this publication due to the misclassification

of coal import ranks and the translation of this rank to

another code.

Foreign distribution of U.S. coal, major exporting

State, and destination, along with foreign distribution

of metallurgical and steam coal (Tables 62, 63, and

64, respectively), was determined using EIA-6A distribution data by origin State, and coal export data

from King's COALBASE (King Publishing Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee) which gives the

metallurgical and steam breakdown as well as the

country destination data. The percentage of

metallurgical and steam coal for each country of destination are applied to the EIA-6A export figures for

each State of origin to derive coal distribution data

that link State of origin to countries of destination by

type of coal. The King's destination country data are

considered to be more accurate than the Census

country-of-destination data because it account for

transhipments through intermediate countries to final

destination countries, whereas the Census data would

designate the destination as the intermediate country.

Copies of the survey forms and instructions used to

collect data appearing in this publication can be

obtained by calling EIA's National Energy Information Center at (202) 586-8800.

292 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Technical Notes

1. Differences in Related Coal

Data

Coal Production versus Coal Distribution. Coal production represents newly mined coal. Coal distribution represents shipments of newly mined coal and

coal from producer/distributor stockpiles (previously

mined coal).

Coal Distribution versus Coal Receipts. Differences

in coal distribution data and coal receipts data are due

to the time lag between distribution and receipt of

coal shipments, and due to the survey threshold differences. In addition, coal distributed includes only

domestic coal, whereas receipts include imported

coal.

Foreign Distribution of U.S. Coal versus U.S. Coal

Exports. Foreign distribution of U.S. coal does not

equal U.S. coal exports because there are differences

in reporting time and survey thresholds.

Receipts of Imported Coal versus U.S. Coal Imports.

Receipts of imported coal at electric utilities and manufacturing and coke plants does not equal U.S. coal

imports due to reporting time differences. In addition,

it does not include receipts at independent power producers.

2. Other Industrial Plants and

Manufacturing

The other industrial plants end-use sector includes

the manufacturing, agriculture, forestry and fishing,

mining, and construction industries. Manufacturing

accounts for approximately 97 percent of the coal

receipts and consumption and 100 percent of the coal

stocks in the other industrial plants sector as reported

herein. Data sources for the other industrial plants

sector and the manufacturing sector are Forms

EIA-6A and EIA-3, respectively. The source statement in each table identifies the survey used to collect

coal data for the other industrial plants sector, and

the following technical notes describe the methodology used for deriving data.

3. Residential and

Commercial

To reduce the reporting burden to coal users, the EIA

does not conduct any survey of coal data from residential and commercial users of coal. Shipments of

coal to this sector, reported by producers and distributors of coal on Form EIA-6A, are equated to coal

receipts and consumption by the residential and commercial sector, assuming no stock changes.

4. Consumer Prices

Prices are derived for each end-use sector as follows:

Electric Utilities. Prices are reported for each plant in

cents-per-million Btu on FERC Form 423. The price

per ton of coal is calculated at each plant using centsper-million Btu and the average Btu content per pound

of coal for the appropriate rank of coal. The average

prices appearing in the tables (e.g., across all States)

are calculated by summing the dollar value at each

plant (short tons of coal multiplied by price per short

ton) and dividing by the corresponding total tons. For

more information about prices of coal at electric utilities, see the EIA publication, Electric Power Monthly

(DOE/EIA-0226).

Coke Plants. Respondents are asked to report the

number of tons of coal received (or coke distributed)

on Form EIA-5 and the total value of that coal (or

coke) in dollars. Average prices are calculated by

summing the reported values (e.g., across all States)

and dividing by the corresponding total tons.

Other Industrial Plants. Respondents (manufacturing

plants only) are asked to report the number of tons of

coal received on Form EIA-3 and the total value of

that coal in dollars. Average prices are calculated by

summing the reported values across all States and

dividing by the corresponding total tons.

Residential and Commercial. Data are not collected.

See Technical Note 3.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 293 
5. Consumption

Annual Data

Annual coal consumption data are sums of quarterly

or monthly data described below except for nonutility

power producers whose coal consumption is not

included in this report. These data are however,

reported on Form EIA-867 and published in the Electric Power Annual (DOE/EIA-0348).

Electric Utilities. Consumption is reported on Form

EIA-759.

Nonutility Electric Generating Facilities. For 1997

and prior years, consumption is reported on Form

EIA-867. For 1998 and forward years, consumption

data is reported on the Form EIA-860B.

Coke Plants. Consumption is reported on Form

EIA-5.

Other Industrial Plants. In deriving a quarterly estimate for coal consumption for the other industrial

plants sector, the first step is to equate consumption

to beginning stocks plus receipts minus ending stocks.

In terms of an equation, consumption can be

expressed as C = Sb + R - Se, where Sb = beginning

stocks, R = receipts, and Se = ending stocks.

Therefore, consumption is C = (Sb - Se (change in

stocks)) + R. Next, stock change at the State level is

equated to the stock change for that State as reported

on Form EIA-3, receipts at the State level are derived

as described in Section 3, and a computed consumption is derived using the same equation for each State.

Finally, the quarterly consumption (C) at the State

level is equated to the maximum of the computed consumption at the State level, as previously described,

and the quarterly consumption for that State as

reported on Form EIA-3. This process ensures that

State-level consumption for the other industrial

plants sector is always greater than or equal to the

manufacturing sector consumption for that State.

Total quarterly consumption for the other industrial

plants sector is computed by summing the quarterly

State-level consumption figures.

Residential and Commercial. Shipments to the residential and commercial sector as reported on Form

EIA-6A are defined as consumption as well as

receipts for this end-use sector.

EIA publishes monthly estimates of coal consumption

in the Monthly Energy Review (DOE/EIA-0035).

Monthly coal consumption at electric utility plants is

derived directly from Form EIA-759. Prior to 1980,

monthly coal consumption at coke plants was derived

directly from Form EIA-5. For 1981 through 1987, it

was derived from the quarterly coal consumption

reported on Form EIA-5, using the ratios of monthly

to quarterly consumption in 1979, the last year that

coke plant data were collected monthly on Form

EIA-5. These ratios by month (January - December)

are 0.3377, 0.3200, 0.3423; 0.3529, 0.3462, 0.3009;

0.3364, 0.3347, 0.3289; and 0.3273, 0.3301, 0.3426.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption at coke

plants is derived from quarterly coal consumption

reported on Form EIA-5, using ratios derived from

monthly data on raw steel production published by the

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) on Form

AIS7. The ratio is the proportion of monthly raw steel

production from open hearth and basic oxygen process

furnaces to the quarterly raw steel production from

those furnace types.

Prior to 1978, coal consumption for the other industrial plants sector (i.e., industrial users minus coke

plants) was derived by using monthly data reported on

Form EIA-3 to modify baseline coal consumption

figures from the most recent Census of Manufactures

or Annual Survey of Manufactures, Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. For 1978

through 1987, data from Forms EIA-3 and EIA-6A are

used to compute monthly coal consumption for the

other industrial plants sector.

Given the quarterly consumption for the other industrial plants sector (C), the monthly consumption for

the sector (Cm) is estimated for each month in the

quarter as Cm = (Cm3/C3) x C where Cm3/C3 is the

ratio of monthly to quarterly coal consumption as

reported on Form EIA-3. For the 1978 coal consumption figures, the ratios used are based on 1978 EIA-3

data. For 1979 through 1987, the ratios used are based

on the 1979 EIA-3 data. These 1979 ratios by month

(January - December) are 0.3593, 0.3264, 0.3143;

0.3485, 0.3332, 0.3183; 0.3317, 0.3407, 0.3276; and

0.3045, 0.3253, 0.3702.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption for the

other industrial plants sector is derived from quarterly

coal consumption reported on Form EIA-3 using

monthly ratios derived from the industrial production

indices published by the Board of Governors of the

Federal Reserve System. Six major industry groups'

indices are used as the basis for calculating the

monthly ratios. These groups are food manufacturing

(North American Industry Classification System

(NAICS 311), paper manufacturing (NAICS 322),

chemicals manufacturing (NAICS 325), petroleum and

coal products (NAICs 324), nonmetallic mineral products (NAICS 327) and primary metal manufacturing

(NAICS 331).

The monthly ratios are computed as the monthly sum

of weighted indices as a proportion of the quarterly

sum of weighted indices, using the 1985 proportion as

the weight.

Prior to 1980, monthly coal consumption for the residential and commercial sector was derived by using

monthly data reported on Form EIA-2, "Monthly Coal

Report -- Retail Dealers and Upper Lake Docks," to

modify baseline coal consumption figures developed

by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior.

For 1980, the quarterly coal consumption figures in

the residential and commercial sector are converted

294 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
to monthly coal consumption figures using the ratios

of monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this sector

in 1979 as reported on Form EIA-2. These 1979 ratios

by month (January-December) are 0.4002, 0.3502,

0.2496; 0.4805, 0.2901, 0.2294; 0.3126, 0.2952,

0.3922; and 0.2931, 0.3101, 0.3968. The 1981 and

1982 monthly coal consumption figures were derived

using the 1979 ratios but were also modified

according to heating/cooling degree-days. For 1983

through 1987, coal consumption figures are converted

to monthly coal consumption figures using only the

ratios of monthly to quarterly coal deliveries to this

sector in 1979.

Starting with 1988, monthly coal consumption figures

are derived using the monthly national average population weighted heating/cooling degree-days obtained

from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The ratio is the proportion of the monthly

national sum of heating and cooling degree-days to

the quarterly sum.

6. Stocks

Annual stocks are calculated at the end of the year or

the end of the fourth quarter. Coal stocks are derived

for each end-use sector as follows:

Electric Utilities. Stocks are reported on Form

EIA-759.

Coke Plants. Stocks are reported on Form EIA-5.

Other Industrial Plants. Stocks are reported on Form

EIA-3, i.e., stocks at manufacturing plants only.

Technical Note 2 discusses the difference between

other industrial plants and manufacturing plants.

Residential and Commercial. Data are not available.

See Technical Note 3.

Producer and Distributor. Stocks are reported on

Form EIA-6A.

7. Methods of Transportation

Rail: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by rail,

either private or public/commercial. Included is coal

hauled to or away from a railroad siding by truck.

Water Transportation: Shipments of coal moved by

one of the three methods--river, Great Lakes, or

tidewater piers and coastal ports. Included in these

shipments is coal hauled to or from water loading

facilities by other means of transportation.

River: Shipments of coal moved to consumers via

river by barge, except shipments to Great Lakes

coal loading docks or tidewater piers or coastal

ports.

Great Lakes: Shipments of coal moved to consumers

via the Great Lakes. These shipments are moved via

the Great Lakes coal loading docks, which are identified by name and locations as follows: Superior

Midwest Energy Terminal, Superior, Wisconsin;

Bessemer & Lake Erie Coal Storage & Transfer

Facility, Conneaut, Ohio; B&O Railroad

Coal Loading Dock, Lorain, Ohio; C&O Railroad

Presque Isle Docks, Toledo, Ohio; Lakefront Dock &

Railroad Terminal Company Coal Loading Dock,

Toledo, Ohio; N&W Sandusky Coal Pier No. 3,

Sandusky, Ohio; ConRail Coal Transfer Facilities,

Ashtabula, Ohio; Rail to Water Transfer Corporation

Dock, Chicago, Illinois.

Tidewater Piers and Coastal Ports: Shipments of coal

moved to tidewater piers and coastal ports for further

shipments to consumers via coastal water or ocean.

The tidewater piers are identified by name and

location as follows: B&O Curtis Bay Coal Piers,

Baltimore, Maryland; C&O Coal Piers Nos. 14 & 15,

Newport News, Virginia; N&W Lamberts Point Coal

Piers Nos. 5 & 6, Norfolk, Virginia; Alabama State

Docks Bulk Handling Plant, Mobile, Alabama;

Alabama State Docks/McDuffie Terminals, Mobile,

Alabama; Canton Coal Piers, Baltimore Harbor on the

Chesapeake Bay; Greenwich Coal Pier, Greenwich

Point, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on Delaware River;

Port Richmond Pier, Pier 18 Port Richmond,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River;

Galveston Regional Coal Distribution Center, Pelican

Island, Galveston, Texas; International Marine

Terminals/Plaquemines Parish Terminal, Mile 57

AHP-Mississippi River, approximately 30 miles south

of New Orleans; Energy Terminals of Houston, Inc., a

Subsidiary of Soros Associates, Houston, Texas.

Coastal Ports are those located at Charleston, South

Carolina; New York, New York; San Diego,

California; Los Angeles, California; and Seattle,

Washington.

Truck: Shipments of coal moved to consumers by

truck.

Tramway, Conveyor, or Slurry Pipeline: Shipments

of coal moved to consumers by tramway, conveyor, or

slurry pipeline.

8. Census Export and Import

Data

Export and import data are obtained from the Bureau

of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, where

they are compiled monthly from documents filed with

the U.S. Customs Service, as required by law.

Each coal shipment is reported in short tons with corresponding total dollar values. EIA converts all value

data obtained from the Census Bureau to average

price data by dividing the dollar value by the quantity.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 295 
Based on an analysis and sample validation of the

Census Bureau import and export data conducted by

the EIA, it was determined that some of the coal and

coke data collected from the Census Bureau may be

misleading or incorrect (particularly those data associated with very small quantities or very high prices).

Because of this, a methodology was developed to edit

the Census Bureau price data.

Prior to 1989, certain data cells had been suppressed

for publication purposes only: (1) average import coal

prices of $50.00 or more per short ton; (2) average

export coal prices of $60.00 or more per short ton; (3)

average coke prices of $200.00 or more per short ton;

(4) all percent changes of 500 percent or more.

Beginning with 1989, coal export data were categorized as metallurgical coal and steam coal, rather than

as bituminous steam coal, lignite, anthracite, and

bituminous metallurgical coal.

In addition, coal export tables were revised to present

those countries to which the United States exported

more than 50,000 short tons in the prior calendar year.

The remaining countries in each continent were aggregated in an "other" category. This reduces the number

of empty cells and highlights the major importers of

U.S. coal. All coke export and import, and coal import

countries and quantities are displayed.

The following methodology was used to derive the

typical average prices as presented in the price tables.

For all coal, a price distribution was derived from the

prior calendar year export price data. Since extreme

price variations in the Census Bureau data are the

exception rather than the rule, the price distribution

was used to identify a typical price range. The price

distribution, from low to high, along with the frequency of each price (quantity) was analyzed to determine the representative prices. The extreme prices at

both ends of the distribution were eliminated to arrive

at a price range that covered at least 90 percent of the

exports. This price range was considered to include

typical or representative prices. Considering the

records that fell within the typical price range, the

weighted average price was calculated by country of

destination and type of coal.

The same procedure was used to determine the typical

average prices of coal imports. In addition to the

average prices based on the above methodology, a

U.S. total row is presented in the price tables, which

represents the average price using all the Census

Bureau data.

For reporting purposes, the month of exportation

reflects the month in which the shipment leaves the

United States. The month of importation generally is

based on the month in which the U.S. Customs

Service releases the merchandise to the importer. For

both sets of data, however, there can exist a small

carry-over from the actual month of exportation or

importation to a subsequent month, usually the succeeding month. A number of factors in processing

account for this, e.g., late receipt of a document for an

end-of-month shipment, or rejection of a shipment by

the computer due to failure to meet established edit

criteria. These limitations should be considered when

making comparisons.

Based on the U.S. - Canada Free Trade Agreement, as

of January 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce

began reporting statistics on U.S. exports to Canada

based on information on imports provided monthly by

the Canadian government.

Comparing Census reported imported coal figures in

Table 35 with EIA reported imported coal receipts at

electric utilities, manufacturers, and coke plants for

1997 shows a difference of about 1.3 million short

tons. The main reason for this is that the EIA receipts

data do not cover imported coal received by nonutility

power producers who are not in the manufacturing

sector.

The import data for the years 1994 through 1996 have

been revised. These revisons were done because of a

missed "Harmonized Tariff Schedule" code for a category of coal.

9. Revisions

All data published in this report are considered final.

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate

Fuels has adopted the following policy with respect to

the revision and correction of recurrent data in energy

publications:

1. Annual survey data collected by this office are published either as preliminary or final when first

appearing in a data report. Data initially released as

preliminary will be so noted in the report. These data

will be revised, if necessary, and declared final in the

next publication of the data.

2. All monthly and quarterly survey data collected by

this office are published as preliminary. These data

are revised only after the completion of the 12-month

cycle of the data. No revisions are made to the published data before this.

3. After data are published as final, corrections will

be made only in the event of a greater than one

percent difference at the national level. Corrections

for differences that are less than the 1-percent

threshold are left to the discretion of the Office

Director.

10. Price Data and Taxes

F.O.B. mine coal prices and prices of coal delivered

to or received by end-use consumers (electric utility

plants, manufacturing plants, and coke plants) as

reported in this publication include relevant local,

State and Federal excise and sales taxes.

296 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Table D2. Implicit Price Deflator,

1989-1998

Implicit Price Deflator Year (1992 = 100)

1989 89.7

1990 93.6

1991 97.3

1992 100.0

1993 102.6

1994 105.1 R 1995 107.5 R 1996 109.5 R 1997 111.6

1998 112.7

R Revised data.

 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 297 
Glossary

Agglomerating Character: Agglomeration describes

the caking properties of coal. Agglomerating character

is determined by examination and testing of the

residue when a small powdered sample is heated to

950 degrees centigrade under specified conditions. If

the sample is "agglomerating," the residue will be

coherent, show swelling or cell structure, and be

capable of supporting a 500-gram weight without

pulverizing.

Anthracite: A hard, black lustrous coal, often

referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage

of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile

matter. Comprises three groups classified according to

the following ASTM Specification D388-91a, on a dry

mineral-matter-free (mmf) basis:

Fixed

Carbon Volatile

Limits Matter

GE LT GT LE

Meta-Anthracite 98 - - 2

Anthracite 92 98 2 8

Semianthracite 86 92 8 14

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

GT = Greater than

LE = Less than or equal to

Anthracite coal is non-agglomerating.

If agglomerating, semianthracite is

classified in the low-volatile group

of the bituminous class.

Ash: Impurities consisting of silica, iron, alumina,

and other incombustible matter that are contained in

coal. Ash increases the weight of coal, adds to the

cost of handling, and can affect the burning characteristics. Ash content is measured as a percent by weight

of coal on an "as received" or a "dry" (moisture-free,

usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour

surface mining, particularly when the overburden is

too costly to excavate.

Average Annual Percent Change:

n

√ Vn 

V0

− 1 (1)

Where: V0 = the value for the base period.

Vn = the value for the nth period.

n = the number of periods.

Average Mine Price: The ratio of the total value of

the coal produced at the mine to the total production

tonnage. (See F.O.B. mine price and F.O.B rail/barge

price.)

Average Number of Miners: The arithmetic mean

number of miners working each day at a mining operation. Includes maintenance as well as production

work performed.

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio

of the total production at a mining operation to the

total direct labor hours worked at the operation.

Average Quality of Coal: Refers to individual measurements such as heat value, fixed carbon, moisture,

ash, sulfur, phosphorus, major, minor, and trace elements, coking properties, petrologic properties, and

particular organic constituents. The individual quality

elements may be aggregated in various ways to classify coal for such special purposes as metallurgical,

gas, petrochemical, and blending usages.

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can

be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines,

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic

area.

Bituminous Coal: The most common coal. It is

dense and black (often with well-defined bands of

bright and dull material). Its moisture content is

usually less than 20 percent. It is used for generating

electricity, making coke, and for space heating. Comprises five groups classified according to ASTM

Specification D-388-91a, on a dry mineral-matter-free

mmf basis for fixed-carbon and volatile matter and a

moist mmf basis for calorific value. Coals having 69

percent or more fixed carbon on the dry, mineralmatter-free basis shall be classified according to fixed

carbon, regardless of calorific (heating) value. Highvolatile C bituminous coal is agglomerating, but other

bituminous coals are commonly agglomerating.

However, it is recognized that there may be

nonagglomerating varieties in these groups of the

bituminous class, and there are notable exceptions in

the high-volatile C bituminous group. Coals with less

than 69 percent fixed carbon, but with 14,000 or more

Btu per pound, are classified as high-volatile A

bituminous.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 301 
Fixed Volatile Calorific

Carbon Matter Value

Limits Limits Limits

Btu/lb.

GE LT GT LT GE LE

lv 78 86 14 22 - -

mv 69 78 22 31 - -

hvA - 69 31 - 14000 -

hvB - - - - 13000 14000

hvC - - - - 10500 13000

lv = Low-volatile bituminous coal

mv = Medium-volatile bituminous coal

hvA = High-volatile A bituminous coal

hvB = High-volatile B bituminous coal

hvC = High-volatile C bituminous coal

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

GT = Greater than

LE = Less than or equal to

Btu (British thermal unit): The amount of heat

needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water

by 1 degree Fahrenheit. The Btu is a convenient

measure by which to compare the energy content of

various fuels.

Cannel Coal: A variety of bituminous coal that is

noncaking, contains a high percentage of volatile

matter, ignites easily, and burns with a luminous

smokey flame.

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed by dividing production by productive capacity

and multiplying by 100.

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the

mine operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for

example, steel companies and electric utilities).

Carbon Dioxide: CO2 A colorless, odorless,

incombustible gas formed during combustion in

fossil-fuel electric generation plants.

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of

the United States established by the Bureau of the

Census, U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical

analysis. The boundaries of Census divisions coincide

with State boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific

Division is subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous

and Pacific Noncontiguous areas.

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight.

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed

into solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a

coke oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of

air.

Coal (Coke): See Coke (coal).

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production

by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine

employees.

Coal Preparation: The process of sizing and

cleaning coal to meet market specifications by

removing impurities such as rock, sulfur, etc. May

include crushing, screening, or mechanical cleaning.

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification of coal-producing States. The States in the

Appalachian Region are Alabama, Georgia, eastern

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee,

Virginia, and West Virginia. The States in the Interior

Region are Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

western Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma,

and Texas. The States in the Western Region are

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New

Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, and

Wyoming.

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined

and/or purchased coal originates are defined as

follows: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas,

California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, Louisiana,

Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania anthracite,

Pennsylvania bituminous, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,

Virginia, Washington, West Virginia Northern, West

Virginia Southern, and Wyoming. The following

Coal-Producing States are split in origin of coal, as

defined below:

• Kentucky, Eastern All mines located in counties

other than the Western Kentucky counties.

• Kentucky, Western All mines in the following

counties in Western Kentucky: Butler, Caldwell,

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson,

Grayson, Hancock, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan,

McLean, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Simpson, Todd,

Union, Warren, and Webster.

• Pennsylvania Anthracite All mines in the following counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin,

Lackawanna, Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland,

Schuylkill, Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All

anthracite mines in Bradford County.

• Pennsylvania Bituminous All mines located in

counties other than the Pennsylvania anthracite

counties and all bituminous mines in Bradford

County.

• West Virginia, Northern All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as CoalProducing Districts 1, 3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke,

Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, Gilmer, Grant,

Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, Marion,

Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants,

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor,

Tucker, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and

Wood.

• West Virginia, Southern All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as CoalProducing Districts 7 & 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay,

Fayette, Greenbrier, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan,

Mason, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Monroe,

Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, Summers,

Wayne, and Wyoming.

Coal Rank/Group: A classification of coal based on

fixed carbon, volatile matter, calorific (heating) value,

and agglomerating character. Coal is ranked progressively from lignite (least carbonaceous) to anthracite

(most carbonaceous). The rank of coal can also deter302 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
mined by measuring the reflectance of vitrinite, one of

several organic components of coal. The lower rank

coal can be classified based on heat content. The heat

content of the higher rank coals is generally above 14

thousand Btu per pound for each coal rank group

(except for meta-anthracite, which trends slightly

lower), and heat content ranges vary within a relatively narrow range. Since heat content is not a

dependable criterion for these higher rank coals, their

rank categories are instead described by degree of

metamorphism, or "coalification," a property that is

measured by fixed carbon content. Finally, the

agglomerating character of bituminous coals is a critical attribute for certain coal consumers, and thus

agglomerating character has come to define the distinctions between certain adjacent coal groups. Some

high-volatile C bituminous and subbituminous A coals

can be distinguished only on the basis of

agglomerating character. Percentages are based on dry

mineral-matter-free coal. Volatile matter (not shown)

is the complement of fixed carbon; that is, the percentages of fixed carbon and volatile matter sum to

100 percent. As fixed carbon percentage decreases,

therefore, volatile matter percentage increases by the

same amount.

Coal Stocks: The supply of coal at a mine, plant, or

utility at the end of the reporting period.

Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a

coal seam.

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status

as a qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must

produce electric energy and "another form of useful

thermal energy through the sequential use of energy,"

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.)

Coke (coal): In general, coke is made from

bituminous coal (or blends of bituminous coal) from

which the volatile constituents are driven off by

baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000

degrees Fahrenheit, so that the fixed carbon and ash

are fused together. Coke is hard and porous, has a

gray, submetallic luster, and is strong enough to

support a load of iron ore in a blast furnace. It is used

both as a fuel and a reducing agent in smelting iron

ore in a blast furnace. Coke has a heating value of

24.8 million Btu per short ton.

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot

or beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke.

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar

mining in which a continuous mining machine

extracts and removes coal from the working face in

one operation; no blasting is required.

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations

that involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily

when blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and

then loading the broken coal.

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in

which the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit

price that includes the F.O.B. value of the product at

the point of origin plus all costs of insurance and

transportation. This type of transaction differs from a

"delivered" purchase in that the buyer accepts the

quantity as determined at the loading port (as certified

by the Bill of Loading and Quality Report) rather than

pay on the basis of the quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It is similar to the terms

of an F.O.B. sale, except that the seller, as a service

for which he is compensated, arranges for transportation and insurance.

Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in

liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains

liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through

surface-separating facilities. Included are lease

condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar

sands, gilsonite and oil shale. Drip gases are also

included, but topped crude (residual oil) and other

unfinished oils are excluded. Liquids produced at

natural gas processing plants and mixed with crude oil

are likewise excluded where identifiable. Crude oil is

considered as either domestic or foreign, according to

the following: or from its "outer continental shelf" as

defined in 43 U.S.C. 1331. States. Imported

Athabasca hydrocarbons are included.

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized coal;

sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17

million Btu per short ton.

Customs District: Customs districts, as defined by

the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, "Monthly Report EM 545," are as follows

• Eastern: Bridgeport, CT, Washington, DC,

Boston, MA, Baltimore, MD, Portland, ME,

Buffalo, NY, New York City, NY, Ogdensburg,

NY, Philadelphia, PA, Providence, RI, Norfolk,

VA, St. Albans, VT.

• Southern: Mobile, AL, Savannah, GA, Miami,

FL, Tampa, FL, New Orleans, LA, Wilmington,

NC, San Juan, PR, Charleston, SC, Dallas-Fort

Worth, TX, El Paso, TX, Houston-Galveston, TX,

Laredo, TX, Virgin Islands.

• Western: Anchorage, AK, Nogales, AZ, Los

Angeles, CA, San Diego, CA, San Francisco, CA,

Honolulu, HI, Great Falls, MT, Portland, OR,

Seattle, WA.

• Northern: Chicago, IL, Detroit, MI, Duluth, MN,

Minneapolis, MN, St. Louis, MO, Pembina, ND,

Cleveland, OH, Milwaukee, WI.

Customs Import Value: The value of imports as

appraised by the U.S. Customs Service in accordance

with the legal requirements of the Tariff Act of 1930,

as amended. This value is generally defined as the

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 303 
price actually paid or payable for merchandise when

sold for exportation to the United States, excluding

U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other

charges incurred in bringing the merchandise to the

United States.

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for

the sum of coal in both measured and indicated

resource categories of reliability which represents 100

percent of the coal in these categories in place as of a

certain date. Includes beds of bituminous coal and

anthracite 28 inches or more thick and beds of

subbituminous coal 60 inches or more thick that occur

at depths to 1 thousand feet. Includes beds of lignite

60 inches or more thick that can be surface mined.

Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that presently

are being mined or for which there is evidence that

they could be mined commercially at this time.

Represents that portion of the identified coal resource

from which reserves are calculated.

Depletion: The subtraction of both the tonnage

produced and the tonnage lost to mining from identified resources to determine the remaining tonnage as

of a certain time.

Depletion Factor: The multiplier applied to the

tonnage produced to compute depletion. This multiplier takes into account both the tonnage recovered

and the tonnage lost due to mining. The depletion

factor is the reciprocal of the recovery factor in

relation to a given quantity of production.

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by

all mining employees at a mining operation during the

year. Includes hours worked by those employees

engaged in production, preparation, development,

maintenance, repair, shop or yard work, management,

and technical or engineering work. Excludes office

workers. Excludes vacation and leave hours.

Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one

of the petroleum fractions produced in conventional

distillation operations. Included are products known

as No.1, No.2, and No.4 fuel oils and No.1, No.2, and

No.4 diesel fuels. It is used primarily for space

heating, on-and-off-highway diesel engine fuel

(including railroad engine fuel and fuel for agricultural machinery), and electric power generation.

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from

rivers or streams.

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal entry dug to a coalbed in a hillside.

Dry (Coal) Basis: Coal quality data calculated to a

theoretical basis in which no moisture is associated

with the sample. This basis is determined by measuring the weight loss of a sample when its inherent

moisture is driven off under controlled conditions of

low temperature air-drying followed by heating to just

above the boiling point of water (104 to 110 degrees

centigrade).

Electricity: A form of energy generated by friction,

induction, or chemical change that is caused by the

presence and motion of elementary charged particles

of which matter consists.

Electricity Generation: The process of producing

electric energy or transforming other forms of energy

into electric energy. Also the amount of electric

energy produced or expressed in watthours (Wh).

Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of

electric energy produced by the generating station or

stations, measured at the generator terminals.

Electricity Generation, Net: Gross generation less

electricity consumed at the generating plant for

station use. Electricity required for pumping at

pumped-storage plants is regarded as plant use and is

deducted from gross generation.

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime

movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment

for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission

energy into electric energy.

Electric Utility: A corporation, person, agency,

authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that

owns and/or operates facilities within the United

States, its territories, or Puerto Rico for the generation, transmission, distribution, or sale of electric

energy primarily for use by the public and files forms

listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18,

Part 141. Facilities that qualify as cogenerators or

small power producers under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) and exempt wholesale

generators under Energy Policy Act of 1992 are not

considered electric utilities. See definition of nonutility power producer.

Electric Utility Sector: The electric utility sector

consists of privately and publicly owned establishments that generate, transmit, distribute, or sell electricity primarily for use by the public and that meet

the definition of an electric utility. Nonutility power

producers are not included in the electric utility

sector.

Emissions: The pollutants discharged into the atmosphere in exhaust gases. For coal-burning plants, these

emissions are primarily Carbon Dioxide (CO2),

Nitrogen Oxide ( NOx), and Sulfur Dioxide ( SO2).

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by

the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the

conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic

energy). Energy has several forms, some of which are

easily convertible and can be changed to another form

useful for work. Most of the world's convertible

energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to

produce heat that is then used as a transfer medium to

mechanical or other means in order to accomplish

tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatt hours, while heat energy is usually measured in

British thermal units.

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source

of heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing

process.

304 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Exports: Shipments of goods from the 50 States and

the District of Columbia to foreign countries, Puerto

Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions

and territories.

Fahrenheit: A temperature scale on which the

boiling point of water is at 212 degrees above zero on

the scale and the freezing point is at 32 degrees above

zero at standard atmospheric pressure.

F.A.S. Value: Free alongside ship value. The value

of a commodity at the port of exportation, generally

including the purchase price plus all charges incurred

in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the

port of exportation in the country of exportation.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC):

A quasi-independent regulatory agency within the

Department of Energy having jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, oil pipeline

rates, and gas pipeline certification.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining

company to produce coal from land owned and administered by the Federal Government in exchange for

royalties and other revenues.

Federal Power Act: Enacted in 1920, and amended

in 1935, the Act consists of three parts. The first part

incorporated the Federal Water Power Act administered by the former Federal Power Commission,

whose activities were confined almost entirely to

licensing non-Federal hydroelectric projects. Parts II

and III were added with the passage of the Public

Utility Act. These parts extended the Act's jurisdiction to include regulating the interstate transmission

of electrical energy and rates for its sale as wholesale

in interstate commerce. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is now charged with the administration of this law.

Federal Power Commission: The predecessor

agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission (FPC) was

created by an Act of Congress under the Federal

Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It was charged

originally with regulating the electric power and

natural gas industries. The FPC was abolished on September 20, 1977, when the Department of Energy was

created. The functions of the FPC were divided

between the Department of Energy and the Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission.

FERC: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Fixed Carbon: The nonvolatile matter in coal minus

the ash. Fixed carbon is the solid residue other than

ash obtained by prescribed methods of destructive

distillation of a coal. Fixed carbon is the part of the

total carbon that remains when coal is heated in a

closed vessel until all volatile matter is driven off.

Flue Gas Desulfurization Unit (Scrubber): Equipment used to remove sulfur oxides from the combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the

atmosphere. Chemicals, such as lime, are used as the

scrubbing media.

Flue Gas Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to

remove fly ash from the combustion gases of a boiler

plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate

collectors include electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones), fabric filters (baghouses),

and wet scrubbers.

F.O.B. Mine Price: The free on board mine price.

This is the price paid for coal at the mining operation

site. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance

costs.

F.O.B. Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of

coal at the point of first sale. It excludes freight or

shipping and insurance costs.

Foreign-Controlled Firms: Foreign-controlled firms

are U.S. coal producers with more than 50 percent of

their stock or assets owned by a foreign firm.

Fossil-Fuel Electric Generation: Electric generation

in which the prime mover is a turbine rotated by highpressure steam produced in a boiler by heat from

burning fossil fuels.

Geothermal Energy: Energy from the internal heat

of the earth, which may be residual heat, friction heat,

or a result of radioactive decay. The heat is found in

rocks and fluids at various depths and can be

extracted by drilling and/or pumping.

Greenhouse Effect: The increasing mean global

surface temperature of the earth caused by gases in

the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane,

nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbon). The

greenhouse effect allows solar radiation to penetrate

but absorbs the infrared radiation returning to space.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of

goods and services produced by labor and property in

the United States. As long as the labor and property

are located in the United States, the supplier (that is,

the workers and, for property, the owners) may be

either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by

which coal is removed from the working face by

manual labor through the use of a shovel for

conveyance to the surface. Though rapidly disappearing, it is still used in very small-tonnage mines.

Highwall: the unexcavated face of exposed overburden and coal in a surface mine.

High-Volatile A Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

High-Volatile B Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

High-Volatile C Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

coal.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 305 
High-Volatile (specific sub-group unknown): See

Bituminous coal.

Hydroelectric Power: The harnessing of flowing

water to produce mechanical or electrical energy.

Implicit Price Deflator: The implicit price deflator,

published by the U.S. Department of Commerce,

Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convert

nominal figures to real figures.

Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and

the District of Columbia from foreign countries and

from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S.

possessions and territories.

Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining

company to produce coal from Indian lands in

exchange for royalties and other revenues; obtained

by direct negotiation with the Indians, but subject to

approval and administration by the U.S. Department

of the Interior.

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector comprises

manufacturing industries which make up the largest

part of the sector, along with mining, construction,

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in

the sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to

companies assembling electronic components. The

NAICS codes used to classify establishments as

industrial are 331 through 339.

Interquartile Range: The interquartile range is the

range within which the middle 50 percent of observations are concentrated. See Appendix D, Section

"Interquartile Range."

Jet Fuel: The term includes kerosene-type jet fuel

and naphtha-type jet fuel. Kerosene-type jet fuel is a

kerosene-quality product used primarily for commercial turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines. Naphthatype jet fuel is a fuel in the heavy naphtha range used

primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft

engines.

Lease Condensate: A natural gas liquid recovered

from gas well gas (associated and non-associated) in

lease separators or natural gas field facilities. Lease

condensate consists primarily of pentane and heavier

hydrocarbons.

Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank with

high inherent moisture and volatile matter (used

almost exclusively for electric power generation).

Similar coal in Europe and Australia are also referred

to as brown coal. Lignite comprises two groups classified according to the following ASTM Specification

D-388-91a for calorific values on a moist mineralmatter-free basis:

Limits Btu/lb.

GE LT

Lignite A 6300 8300

Lignite B - 6300

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

Lignite is non-agglomerating.

Lignite A: See Lignite.

Lignite B: See Lignite.

Longwall Mining: A form of underground coal

mining which is gaining in importance in the United

States and can be used at greater depths than roomand-pillar mining. In longwall mining, a cutting

machine is pulled back and forth across a panel of

coal 300 to 600 feet wide and as much as a mile long,

with the broken coal moved by conveyor. Longwall

mining is done under movable roof supports that are

advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in the mined-out

area is allowed to fall as the mining advances.

Low-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

Coal.

Major Coal-Producing States: Any State that

produces more than 12 million short tons of coal

during the year.

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial users/plants, not including coke plants, that are

engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation

of materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for

gasification/liquefaction.

Medium-Volatile Bituminous Coal: See Bituminous

Coal.

Merchant Coke Plant: A coke plant where coke is

produced primarily for sale on the commercial (open)

market.

Meta-Anthracite: See Anthracite.

Metallurgical Coal: Coal that meets the requirements for making coke. It must be low in ash and

sulfur and form a coke that is capable of supporting

the charge of iron ore and limestone in a blast

furnace. A blend of two or more bituminous coals is

usually required to make coke.

Metric Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,204.6

pounds.

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground

Mine.

Mineral-Matter-Free Basis: Mineral matter in coal

is the parent material in coal from which ash is

derived, and which comes from minerals present in

the original plant materials that formed the coal, or

from extraneous sources such as sediments and precipitates from mineralized water is called the mineral

matter. Mineral matter in coal cannot be analytically

determined and is commonly calculated using data on

ash and ash-forming constituents. Coal analyses are

calculated to the mineral-matter-free basis by

adjusting formulas used in calculations in order to

deduct the weight of mineral matter from the total

coal.

306 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
Moist (Coal) Basis: "Moist" coal contains its natural

inherent or bed moisture, but does not include water

adhering to the surface. Coal analyses expressed on a

moist basis are performed or adjusted so as to

describe the data when the coal contains only that

moisture which exists in the bed in its natural state of

deposition, and when the coal has not lost any

moisture due to drying.

NAICS: See North American Industry Classification

System

Naphtha: A genetic term applied to a petroleum

fraction with an approximate boiling range between

122 and 400 degrees Fahrenheit.

Natural Gas: A mixture of hydrocarbons and small

quantities of various nonhydrocarbons existing in the

gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in underground reservoirs.

Natural Gas (Dry): The marketable portion of

natural gas production, which is obtained by subtracting extraction losses, including natural gas

liquids removed at natural gas processing plants, from

total production.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Natural gas

liquids recovered from natural gas in processing

plants and, in some situations, from natural gas field

facilities, as well as those extracted by fractionators.

Natural gas plant liquids are defined according to the

published specifications of the Gas Processors Association and the American Society for Testing and Materials as follows: ethane, propane, normal butane,

isobutane, pentane plus, and other products from

natural gas processing plants (i.e., products meeting

the standards for finished petroleum products

produced at natural gas processing plants, such as finished motor gasoline, finished aviation gasoline,

special naphtha, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products).

Nitrogen Oxide: NOx. A gas formed in hightemperature environments when nitrogen and oxygen

are present together. This typically occurs in a combustion chamber such as those in fossil-fuel burning

electric utilities. Nitrogen oxide emissions are a contributor to acid rain.

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or

service at the time of the transaction. The nominal

price, which is expressed in current dollars, is not

adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar.

Nonutility Power Producers: A corporation, person,

agency, authority, or other legal entity or

instrumentality that owns electric generating capacity

and is not an electric utility. Nonutility power producers include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying

small- power producers, and other nonutility generators (including independent power producers) without

a designated franchised service area and which do not

file forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations,

Title 18, Part 141. (See Electric Utility.)

North American Industry Classification System

(NAICS): A standardized set of codes which categorizes industries into groups with similar economic

activities, used by the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The

NAICS codes replace the SIC codes.

Nuclear Electric Power: Electricity generated by an

electric power plant whose turbines are driven by

steam generated in a reactor by heat from the fissioning of nuclear fuel.

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located

in a particular geographic area (State or region). If a

mine is mining coal across two counties within a

State, or across two States, then it is counted as two

operations. This is done so that EIA can separate production by State and county.

Number of Mining Operations: The number of

mining operations includes preparation plants with

greater than 5,000 total direct labor hours. Mining

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant

or a preparation plant only will be counted as two

operations, if the preparation plant processes both

underground and surface coal. Excluded are silt, culm,

refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except

for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines

producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal during

the year, and preparation plants with less than 5,000

employee hours.

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market,

i.e., coal sold to companies other than the reporting

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary

of the parent company.

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled through the ownership of voting stock, or a

corporate joint venture in which a corporation is

owned by a small group of businesses as a separate

and specific business or project for the mutual benefit

of the members of the group.

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not

including coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or

chemical transformation of materials or substances

into new products (manufacturing); and companies

engaged in the agriculture, mining, or construction

industries.

Other Power Producers: This sector is comprised

of coal-burning facilities that generate power but are

not covered by the EIA survey form EIA-759.

Other Unions: See Union Type.

Overburden: Any material, consolidated or unconsolidated, that overlies a coal deposit.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 307 
Parent Company: A company which solely or

jointly owns the reporting company and which is not

itself a subsidiary of, or owned by, another company.

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to

productive capacity, times 100.

Petroleum: Petroleum includes residential and

distillate fuel oils, crude oil, and all other petroleum

fuels, excluding petroleum coke.

Petroleum Coke: A residue that is the final product

of the condensation process in cracking. The product

is either marketable petroleum coke or catalyst petroleum coke.

Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the

processing of crude oil (including lease condensate),

natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentane plus, aviation gasoline, motor

gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel,

kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil,

petrochemical feedstocks, special naphtha, lubricants,

waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and

miscellaneous products.

Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Energy (as used at

electric utilities): Energy radiated by the sun as

electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic radiation)

that is converted at electric utilities into electricity by

means of solar (photovoltaic) cells or concentrating

(focusing) collectors.

Preparation Plant: A mining facility at which coal

is crushed, screened, and mechanically cleaned.

Producer and Distributor Coal Stocks: Producer

and distributor coal stocks consist of coal held in

stock by producers/distributors at the end of a

reporting period.

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal

that a mining operation can produce or process during

a period with the existing mining equipment and/or

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment

are available, and that the market exists for the

maximum production.

Quadrillion Btu: 1015 Btu.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove

the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the

dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant

dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base

year.

Recoverable Coal Reserves at Mines: The quantity

of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from

existing coal reserves, as reported on Form EIA-7A.

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base.

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that

can be recovered from the coal deposits at existing

mines.

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated by the coal cleaning process.

Refuse Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry

dam, or dredge operation.

Report Year: The calendar year beginning at 12:00

a.m. January 1 and ending at 11:59 p.m. December 31.

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units;

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and

educational institutions (schools and universities); and

Federal, State, and local governments (military installations, prisons, office buildings).

Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils that remain after

the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are

distilled away in refinery operations and that conform

to ASTM Specifications D396 and 975. Included are

No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity; Navy

Special, for use in steam-powered vessels in government service and in shore power plants; and No. 6,

which includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for commercial and industrial heating, electricity generation,

and to power ships. Imports of residual fuel oil

include imported crude oil burned as fuel.

Room-and-Pillar Mining: The most common

method of underground mining in which the mine roof

is supported mainly by coal pillars left at regular

intervals. Rooms are places where the coal is mined;

pillars are areas of coal left between the rooms.

Room-and-pillar mining is done either by conventional or continuous mining.

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated

share of production from mineral deposits, by the

lessee to the lessor. Royalties may be an established

minimum, a sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale

royalty rate increases by steps as the average production on the lease increases. A sliding-scale royalty

rate is based on average production and applies to all

production from the lease.

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal

and/or Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is

approximately equivalent to production, which

includes coal sold, and coal added to stockpiles.

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by

which coal is removed from the working face by a

tractor unit equipped with a hydraulically operated

bucket attached to the front; also called a front-end

loader.

Semianthracite: See Anthracite.

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of

308 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998
other passages are also dug, some to provide access to

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation.

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining

that involves the use of a continuous mining machine

and movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to

200 feet wide and more than half a mile long.

Although similar to longwall mining, shortwall

mining is generally more flexible because of the

smaller working area. Productivity is lower than with

longwall mining because the coal is hauled to the

mine face by shuttle cars as opposed to conveyors.

SIC: See Standard Industrial Classification.

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing

as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes

defined as including very fine coal particles called

silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per

short ton. Synonymous with culm.

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A

mining operation producing coal from these sources

of coal. (See refuse mine.)

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the

entry is driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit.

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a

preparation plant.

Solar Energy: The radiant energy of the sun, which

can be converted into other forms of energy, such as

heat or electricity.

Solar Thermal Collector: A devise designed to

receive solar radiation and convert it into thermal

energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a

frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the solar

thermal collector may be used immediately or stored

for later use.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC): A set of

codes developed by the Office of Management and

Budget which categorizes industries to groups with

similar economic activities. The SIC codes have been

replaced by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Steam Coal: All noncoking coal.

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant,

or utility at the end of the reporting period.

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum

stocks maintained by the Federal Government for use

during periods of major supply interruption.

Strip (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat

terrain to recover coal by mining long strips successively. The material excavated from the strip being

mined is deposited in the strip previously mined.

Subbituminous Coal: A dull black coal of rank

intermediate between lignite and bituminous, consisting of subbituminous A coal, subbituminous B

coal, and subbituminous C coal, classified according

to the following ASTM Specification D-388-91a on a

moist mineral-matter-free basis:

Calorific

Value

Limits

Btu/lb.

GE LT

Subbituminous A Coal 10500 11500

Subbituminous B Coal 9500 10500

Subbituminous C Coal 8300 9500

GE = Greater than or equal to

LT = Less than

Subbituminous coal is non-agglomerating.

Subbituminous A Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Subbituminous B Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Subbituminous C Coal: See Subbituminous Coal.

Sulfur: One of the elements present in varying quantities in coal that contributes to environmental degradation when coal is burned. In terms of sulfur content

by weight, coal is generally classified as low (less

than or equal to 1 percent), medium (greater than 1

percent and less than or equal to 3 percent), and high

(greater than 3 percent). Sulfur content is measured as

a percent by weight of coal on an "as received" or a

"dry" (moisture-free, usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.

Sulfur Dioxide: SO2. A caustic, corrosive gas that is

a by-product of combustion and emissions from

fossil-fuel burning electric utility plants. The primary

agent in the production of acid rain.

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance that, introduced into or commingled with

natural gas, increases the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to,

propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still gas,

manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inert gases

added for Btu stabilization.

Surface Mine: A coal-producing mine that is usually

within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth and

rock above or around the coal (overburden) is

removed to expose the coalbed, which is then mined

with surface excavation equipment such as draglines,

power shovels, bulldozers, loaders, and augers. It may

also be known as an area, contour, open-pit, strip, or

auger mine.

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for

transportation by rail or truck.

Transportation Sector: The transportation sector

consists of private and public vehicles that move

people and commodities. Included are automobiles,

trucks. buses, motorcycles, railroads and railways

(including streetcars), aircraft, ships, barges, and

natural gas pipelines.

Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998 309 
Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced

by tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is

then mined with underground mining equipment such

as cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are

classified according to the type of opening used to

reach the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined

tunnel), or shaft (vertical tunnel).

Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further refinery

processing, except those requiring only mechanical

blending. Includes naphtha and lighter oils, kerosene

and light gas oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum.

Union Type: Union type consists of United Mine

Workers of America (UMWA), and the following

"Other Union" types: Southern Labor Union (SLU),

Appalachian Miners of America (AMA), Scotia

Employees Association (SEA), International Union of

Operating Engineers (IUOE), Utility Workers of

America (UWA), Progressive Mine Workers Association (PMWA), International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), International Chemical

Workers Union (ICWU), Redstone Workers Association (RWA), Chariton Valley Independent Union

(CVIU), American Federation of Labor - Congress of

Industrial Organization (AFL-CIO), Labors International (LABO), Crow Hollow Miners (CROW), Coal

Strippers (COAL), United Steel Workers (USW),

Independent Miners Association (IMA), Independent

Union (INUN), Independence Miners, Brokers, and

Truckers Association (IMBT), Council of Southern

Mountains (CSM), International Brotherhood of

Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers

Union (TEAM), Thompson Creek Workers Association (TCWA), United Brotherhood of Clay Workers

(UBCW), Wilmot Employees Independent Union

(WEIU), Independent Strip Miners Union (ISMU),

Independent Miners (IM), Independent Workers (IW),

Coal Strippers Union (CSU), Independent Miners

Union (IMU), Independent Coal Workers (ICW),

Independent Strip Mining Workers (ISMW), Independent Strip Union (ISU), Association of Bituminous

Contractors (ABC), Arch Minerals Employees Association (AMEA), United Paperworkers International

Union (UPIU), Welch Miners Union (WMU), Falcon

Coal Employees Association (FCEA), Justus

Employees Association (JEA), International Construction Union (ICU), Brotherhood of Miners

(BOM), Western Energy Workers (WEW), Carlin

Independent Union (CIU), International Association

of United Workers Union (IAWU), and Stove,

Furnace and Allied Appliance Workers International

Union of N. A. (SFAW).

U.S. Coal Exports: Amount of U.S. coal shipped to

foreign destinations, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, "Monthly

Report EM 545."

U.S. Coal Imports: Amount of foreign coal shipped

to the United States, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly

Report IM 145."

Wind Energy (as used at electric utilities): The

kinetic energy of wind converted at electric utilities

into mechanical energy by wind turbines (i.e., blades

rotating from the hub) that drive generators to

produce electricity for distribution.

Wood and Waste (as used at electric utilities):

Wood energy, garbage, bagasse, sewerage gas, and

other industrial, agricultural, and urban refuse used to

generate electricity for distribution.

Volatile Matter: Those products, exclusive of

moisture, given off by a material as gas or vapor. Volatile matter is determined by heating the coal to 950

degrees centigrade under carefully controlled conditions and measuring the weight loss, excluding weight

of moisture driven off at 105 degrees Centigrade.

310 Energy Information Administration/ Coal Industry Annual 1998