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### WASHINGTON STATE 

## DEPA RTMEN T 0 F 

# E COL '0 GY

Guidance for Clean Closure ofDangerous Waste Facilities

Prepared by Washington State Department ofEcology HazardousWaste and Toxies Reduction Program
August, 1994 Publication #94-111



# o Printedon RecycledPaper

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.For a copy ofthis report, please contact: 

### Department ofEcology Publications P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 Please include your street address for UPS delivery.



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# • .The Hazardous Waste and ToxiesReduction Program is responsible for the management and reduction of hazardous waste and toxicsubstances in Washington State. We're here to answer your questions. Contact your nearest regional office and ask for a Hazardous Waste Specialist if

### you are uncertain about your responsibilities as a hazardous waste generator. For information on reducing or recyclinghazardous waste, ask for a Toxics Reduction Specialist.

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## State ofWashington Departmentof EcologyRegionalOffice

.24-HourOil & 

## HazardousMaterials SpillReportingNumbers



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NeedtoKnow RagionoJ

• 011"_ Location

ORCALL: Divisionof EmergencyManagement 24Hour Number 

### 1-800-258-5990 Revised5/94 • ReportingParty

• CompanyName

• ContactPhone(s)

• Material

• ResourceDamages (i:e. dead fish) • Quantity .: Concentnuion

• Location

• CleanupStatus



# • The Department of Ecology isan Equal Opportunity andAffirmativeAction employerandshall not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, nationalorigin, sex-, maritalstatus, sexual orientation, age, religion ordisability as defined by applicable state and/orfederal regulations or statutes. If

you have specialaccommodation needs, please contact Dave Dubreuil at (206) 407-6721 (Voice) or (206) 407-6006 (TDD).. , 

# •

•

• TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCfION

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 1.1 Authority 1 1.2 Disclaimer............................................

. . .. 1 1.3 Partial and Final Closure

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 1.4 Additional Requirements

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 1.5 Additional Information 2
2.0 CLOSURE

### pLANs 3 2.1 Contents ofthe Closure Plan

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 2.2 Closure Plan Review and Approval 4 2.3 Public Participation

... . . . . . . . : .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..'. . . . . . . . . . .

.. 5 2.4 Amending Closure Plans : '. . . . . . . . .

.. 6 2.5 Activities Conducted Prior to Closure Plan Approval 6
3.0 CLOSURE PERFORMANCE STANDARD 9 3.1 Clean Closure Levels

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 9 3.2 MTCA Method A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. 10 3.2.1 Definition ofRoutine .'.

. . . . . . . . . .. 10 3.2.2 Clean Closure Levels

- MTCA Method A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. 11 3.2.3 Misuse of the MTCA Method A Tables 11 . 3.3 MTCA Method B ., ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11

3.4 Adjusting Constituent Concentrations to Meet the Cleanup Standards

.. 12 3.5 Natural Background

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12 3.6 Indicator Constituents '. . . . . . . . . .

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12' 3.7 Pre-Existing Contamination 13 3.8 Post-Closure Care '

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 4.0 REMOVAL '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. 15 4.1 Waste Minimization ; 

### 0........................... 15 . 4.2 Contaminated Environmental Media 16 . 4.2.1 Contained-In Policy for Media 16 4.3 Hazardous Debris

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17 4.3.-1 Contained-In Policy for Hazardous Debris 18 4.4 The Empty Container Rule

. .. 18

### 5.0 DECONTAMINATION

0 •• 0 0 •• 

### 19 

# C 5.1 Unit Inspection Prior to Decontamination

. 0 ••••• 0 •••••••••• 0 • • •• 

### 19 5.2 Decontamination Standards

0 • 0 0 •••••••••••••••• 0 •• 0 0 • 0 

### 20 5.3 Compliance with Decontamination Standards

0 •••••••••••• 0 

### 20 5.4 Decontamination and Compliance with the LDR 21 5.5 OtherDecon. Methods & 

### Equivalent Technology Demonstrations 

### 0.... 22 5.6 Sampling

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22**5~7** 

### Decontamination Residuals •... 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

### o. 23 5.8 Decontamination ofConcrete Containment Structures

0 • • •• 

### 23 5.8.1 Contained-In Policy

0 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

### o. 24 5.9 Decontamination ofMetal Tanks and TankSystems .

0 0 ••••••• 0 • • •• 

### 24

i +------ 6.0 

### SAMPLING AND 

### ANALYSISFOR CLEAN 

### CLOSURE

.. 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 

### 29 6.1 Sampling and Analysis Plan

0 0 • •• 

### 29 6.2 Designing a Sampling Program

0 • 0 

### 30 6.2.1 Area-Wide Sampling

0 •••••••••• 0 • 0 0 

### 31 6.2.2 Focused Sampling

0-' ••• 0 

### 31 6.2.3 Sampling for Hot Spots 

### 0............................ 0 32 6.3 Sampling to Determine or Confirm Dean Closure

0**~.** 

### 32 6.4 Statistical Guidelines

0 ••••••••• 0 ••••• 0 ••••••••••• 00 

### 32 6.5 Soil Sampling During Closure 

### o. 33 6.5.1 Soil Sainpling Under Structures

0 

### 33 6.5.2 Soil Sampling at Various Depths

0 • • •• 

### 33 6.6 Groundwater Monitoring During Closure' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 34 6.7 Selection'ofConstituents to be Analyzed 34 6.8 Approved Analytical Methods

0 ••••••••• 0 ••••• 0 ••• " 

### 35 6.9 Multiple Analytical Methods

0 •• 0 • • •• 

### 36 6.10 QualityAssurance and Quality Control Requirements 36 6.10.1 Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control

0 • 0 ••••••• " 

### 37 6.10.2 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control '. 37 6.11 Data Quality Objectives. " .

0 ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 '.' ••• 0 0 •• 0 

### 37 6.12 Practical Quantitation Limits

0 '" 

### 38 

### 7.0 CLOSURE

### TIME UNE 39 7.1 Closure Notification

0 •••• " 

### 39 7.2 Time Allowed for Closure

0 ••• 0 0 

### 40 7.3 Additional Time Allowed for Closure " 40 7.3.1 Extension ofClosure

0 ••••••• 0 ••••••1 

### 41 7.3.2 Delay ofClosure

.. 0 ••••••••• 0 0 ••••••••• 0 ••• 0 ••• 0 • 0 0 

### 41 7.4 Closure Certification

0 •••• 0 ••••• 0 •••• 0 •••• 0 • 0 0 

## o. 42 7.5 Closure Verification

0 • 0 ••••••••••• 0 •• 0 ••••••• 0 • 0 0 0 

### 43 8.0 REFERENCES

.. 0 •••••••••• 0 •• 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••• " 

### 45 APPENDIX 1 ORDER FORM FOR OTHERECOLOGY DOCUMENTS

.... 0 • • 

### 1-1 APPENDIX 2 LIST OF ECOLOGYACCREDITED LABS

0 ••• 0 0 • 0 •• 0 

### 2-1 

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• 1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for closure ofdangerous waste

. management units at interim and final status treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDF). This document provides specific direction for demonstrating compliance with the clean closure performance standard through removal and decontamination of dangerous wastes (DW), DW constituents, and waste residue.
1.1 Authority 

### Owners and operators ofdangerous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities must comply with the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and its implementing regulations in Chapter.afof the Code ofFederal Regulations (CPR). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has

### delegated the responsibility to administer major portions of the RCRA program, including closure requirements, tothe Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). Ecology has adopted associated state regulatory language in Chapter 173-303 ofthe Washington Administrative Code (WAC) entitled, "Dangerous Waste Regulations." Specific requirements for closure of final status dangerous waste management units and facilities are found in WAC 173-303- 610through WAC 173-303-680; requirements for closure ofinterim status units and facilities are found in WAC 173-303-400. 1.2 Disclaimer 

### Conformance with this guidance does not release facility owner/operators from their obligations to notify Ecology prior to beginning the closure process, to submit closure plans for Ecology review and approval, or to in any other way comply with the requirements ofChapter 173-303 WAC. This 

### guidancedoes not constitute agency rulemaking and cannotbe relied on by any person to create a right or benefit enforceable at law or equity. Ecology reserves the right to act at variance with this guidance at any time. The methods described in this document do not represent the only methods acceptable to Ecology for demonstration ofclean closure. Alternative methods to those presented here may be used, subject to site specific consideration during the closure plan approval process. 1.3 Partial and 

### Final Closure 1.



### Partial closure means the closure ofa dangerous waste management unit in accordance with the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-400and 173-303-610through WAC 173-303-680atafacilitythat has other active dangerous waste management units. For example, partial closure may include the closure ofa tank 

### system, landfill cell, surface impoundment, waste pile, or other dangerous waste management unit, while other

• dangerous waste management units at the same facility continue to operate. Final

Introduction 1

### closure means the closure of all 

### dangerous waste management units at a facility in 

# C accordance with the closure requirements so that dangerous waste management activities j 

### regulated under WAC 173-303-400and/or WAC**173-303~610** 

### through WAC 173-303-680 are no longer conducted at the facility. 1.4 Additional Requirements 

### This guidance does not address requirements which are applicable during the active life ofa dangerous waste management unit/facility including, but not limited to, requirements forfinancial assurance, closure cost-estimates, groundwater monitoring, inspection and recordkeeping. An order form for otherEcology guidance documents is 

### provided at the end of this document. "
1.5 Addltional 

### Information 

### Ecology encourages facilityowner/operators to work closely with the department when developing closure plans and conducting closure activities. For more information on the application of specific closure requirements to your dangerous waste management facility, you may contact the appropriate regional"office of the Department of Ecology as listed in 

### the map at the beginning of this document and ask to speakwith a hazardous waste specialist. " 

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### 2 Introduction

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• 2.0 CWSURE PLANS
The owner/operatorof a dangerous waste management facility must have a written closure plan. The written closure plan must address closure of each dangerous waste management unit and final closure of the facility. At final status facilities, the closure plan must be provided to Ecology with the RCRAPart B permit application for the facility. Ecologywill 

### typically review the closure plan as part of the permitreview process. If

### a final permit is issued, the closure plan will 

### be a condition of the final permit. At facilitiesoperating underinterim status, the closure plan must be maintained' at the facility and provided to Ecology during site inspections and/orin response to written requests. Ecology does not typically review and approve interim status closure plans until the facility owner/operatornotifies Ecologythat they intend to begin closure activities. 2.1 Contents of the Closure Plan**Th~** 

### closure plan must include, but is notlimited to: (1) The closure performance standard (see section 3):
A detailed description of how each dangerous waste management unit at the facilitywill 

### be closed in accordance with the closure performance standard, including detailed descriptions of all activities planned during the closure period; and A description of how final closure of the facility will 

### be conducted in accordance with the closure performance standard. This description must identify the maximumnumber and capacity ofdangerous waste management units whichWill be in use (un-closed) during the active life of the facility. (2) Procedures for Removal of Wastes (see section 4):

.. An 

### estimate of the maximum inventory of dangerous wastes on-site during the active life of the facility; A detailed description of the methods planned to remove wastes and/or contaminated equipment, bases, liners, soils/subsoils during partial closure(s) and final closure. The description should include, but not be limited to, methods for removing, transporting, treating, storing, or disposing ofall dangerous wastes and waste residues (includinghazardous debris and contaminated environmental media); and

Closure Plans 3Identification ofthe type(s) ofon- and off-site dangerous waste management units to be used, ifapplicable. (3) Decontamination Procedures 

### (seesection 5): 

### A detailed description ofthe steps needed to remove or decontaminate all dangerous waste residues and contaminated containment system'components, equipment, structures, 'soils, and subsoils during partial and final closure,including, but not limitedto, procedures for cleaning and decontaminating equipment and removing contaminated soils/subsoils; Methods for sampling and testing surrounding soils/subsoils, and criteriafor determining the extent ofdecontamination required to satisfy the closure performance standard; Procedures for inspecting all units prior to decontamination, recording.releases and potential releases, and reporting such releases and potential releases to Ecology; 

# c

Detailed descriptions ofimplementation ofplanned decontamination methods; and Detailed description ofmethods which will be used to collect and 

# C
manage decontamination residuals (e.g., rinse water). 

### (4) Procedures for Sampling and Analysis (see section 

### 6):
A sampling and analysis plan prepared in accordance with section 6.1 ofthis guidance, including, sampling approach, methods, and proceduresand rationale for.each selection; and Detailed descriptions offield and lab quality assurance/quality control (QNQC) procedures. (6) Discussion ofthe closure time line (see section 7): 

### A schedule for closure ofeach dangerous waste management unit and for final closure ofthe facility. . 

### 2.2 Closure.Plan Review and Approval Ecology is responsible for ensuring that approved closure plans are consistent with the closure performance standard and other applicable requirements of the dangerous waste 

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4 Closure Plans

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•

• regulations. Ecology is also responsible for ensuring meaningful opportunities for public review of closure activities.

.For final status facilities, Ecology typically reviews and approves closure plans as part of

the dangerous waste permitting process. Public review of final status facility closure plans typically occurs as part ofthe public review associated with issuance ofdangerous waste permits. At facilitiesoperating underinterim status, Ecology typically reviews closure plans when the facilityowner/operator notifies Ecology that they expect to begin partial or final closure activities. After receipt ofa notification ofintent to begin partial or final closure and a written interim status closure plan, Ecology will 

### review the plan and either tentatively approve or disapprove the plan within ninety (90) days. If

### Ecology tentatively approves the closure plan, the tentative approval will be included in the public notice procedures discussed below. If

### Ecology disapproves the closure plan, the facility owner/operator will 

### be provided with detailed written comments summarizing the reasons for the disapproval. If

### Ecology disapproves the initial closure plan, the facility owner/operator has thirty (30) days from receipt of Ecology's disapproval and comments to modify the closure plan and submit a revised closure plan for Ecology review and approval. Ecology willthen either tentativelyapprove or modify the revised closure plan within sixty (60) days ofreceipt. If Ecology tentatively approves the closure plan, the tentative approval will 

### be included in the public notice procedures discussed below. If

### Ecology modifies the plan, the modified plan becomes the tentatively approved closure plan (also subject to the public participation period discussed below) and Ecology will 

### send a copyofthe modified and tentativelyapproved plan with a detailed statement of the reasons for the modifications to the facilityowner/operator. The facility owner/operator and Ecology may agree to incorporate additional, informal review and comment steps in the closure plan approval process. For example, many facility owner/operators choose to coordinate informally with Ecologyprior to submitting

.a closure plan for the initial 90 day review. 'Ecology has found that such informal

coordination can significantlyincrease the quality ofinitial closure plan submittals and reduces thenumber of formal Ecology comments. 2.3 Public Participation 

### Ecology is responsible for providing meaningful opportunities for the public to review and comment on closure activities. Ecology notifies the public oftheir opportunity to review and comment on closure activities through a newspaper notice. At final status permitted facilities, the public's opportunity for review of closure plans typically occurs during the public review and comment associated with issuance of the final status permit and/or as part of any major modifications to the final status permit. For facilities operating underinterim status, Ecology must provide a thirty (30) day public comment

Closure Plans 5

### period to give interested persons an opportunity to review and comment on the tentative**C~**



### .decision to approve any given closure plan. Significant changes to approved interim / status closure plans are subject to additional public review.

. Final Ecology approval ofclosure plans must include consideration of all 

### comments

. received during the public commentperiod.

2.4 Amending Closure Plans 

### Facility owner/operators can amend their closure plan at any time prior to the notification ofintent to begin partial or final closure. Facilityowner/operators must amend closure plans whenever: (1) A change in facility design or operating planes) affects the closure plan; (2) There is a change in the expected year of closure; and/or (3) Unexpected events encountered during closure activities require a modification ofthe closure plan. Facility owner/operators who amend theirun-approved closure plans do so at their discretion. Facility owner/operators who wish to amend theirEcology-approved closure plans must submit an amended plan to Ecology with a written request for Ecology review 

# C and approval. All amendments and changes to approved interim status closure plans are subject to the review, approval, and public notice procedures discussed above. Amendments and changes to final status closure plans are subject to applicable requirements for permit modification

.

.2.5 Activities Conducted Prior to 

### Closure Plan Approval



### Closure plan approval (see section 2.2) 

### and closure notification (see section 7.1) are required; however, facility owner/operators may conduct activities, including removing wastes and decontaminating or dismantling equipment andstructures at any time prior to closure. Provided Ecology determines that such activities were conducted in accordance with the requirements for closure, they could be approved in the subsequently submitted closure plan. In 

### orderfor Ecology to make such determinations, facilityowner/operators must keep detailed records documenting that all activities conducted prior to closure plan approval are consistentwith closure requirements. Information maintained to support consistency with the closure requirements should, at a minimum, include the information required for closure certification, as discussed in section 7.4 ofthis guidance. Ecology cannot accept activities if

### they are inconsistentwith the closure regulations or if adequate information in not available to support a determination of consistency with 

# ()

6 Closure Plans

# •

•

• closure requirements. IfEcologydetermines activities were inconsistentwith the closure requirements and/or if

### adequate information is 

### not available to determine consistency,

. . 

### Ecology can require facilityowner/operators to conduct additionalactivities, including, but not limited to, removal and/or decontamination of wastes, waste residues, equipment and/or structures, additional sampling and analysis,and/orinvestigatory activities designed to determine the degree to which previously conducted activities comply with closure requirements. See WAC 173-303-610(3)(c)(iv) and 40 CFR § 

### 265.1l2(e) as referenced by WAC 173-303-400. Ecology emphasizes that facility owner/operators can incurconsiderable liabilities when they choose to conduct removal and/or decontamination prior to closure plan review and approval. Facilityowner/operators are encouraged to work closely with Ecology formally and informally to develop closure strategies which are appropriate for theirfacilityspecific conditions.

Closure Plans 7I I

# •

•

• 3.0 CLOSURE PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The closure performance standard is 

### found at WAC 173-303-610(2). According to the closure performance standard, all dangerous waste management units and facilities must be closed in a manner that:

. (1) Minimizes the need for further maintenance; (2) Controls, minimizes, or eliminates to the extent necessary to protect human

. health and the environment, post-closure escape ofdangerous waste, dangerous constituents, leachate, contaminated run-off, and dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground, surface water, ground water, and atmosphere; and) (3) Returns the land to the appearance and use of surrounding land areas to the degree possible given the nature of the previous dangerous waste activity. In addition to compliance with the performance standard, clean closure requires the removal or decontamination of all 

### dangerous waste, waste residues and equipment, bases, liners, soils/subsoils and othermaterial containing or contaminated with dangerous waste or waste residue. Ecology will

### consider removal and decontamination complete when .the concentrations ofdangerous waste, dangerous waste constituents, and dangerous waste residues throughout the closing unit and throughout any areas affected by releases from the closing unit do not exceed numeric cleanup levels determined using residential exposure assumptions according to the Model Toxies Control Act (MTCA) Regulations, Chapter 173-340 WAC and all structures, equipment, bases, liners, and other materials containing or contaminatedwith dangerous wastes, constituents,·orresidues have met specificremoval and decontamination standards approved by Ecology in accordance with WAC 173-303-610(2)(b )(ii).
3.1 Clean Closure Levels . According to WAC 173-303-610(2)(b)(i), numeric clean closure levels for soils, ground

water, surface water, and air must be determined using residential exposure assumptions according to the Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA). The MTCA regulations provide three options for establishing site-specific cleanup levels, MTCA methods A, B, and C. Each method uses human health risk as the main factor in determining cleanup levels. Data on environmental risk are considered, when available. Each MTCA method also includes provisions for consideration ofnatural or area background, practical quantitation limits, and concentrations of individual hazardous substances established under applicable state and federal laws.
For cancer-causing substances, MTCA defines the acceptable risk level as a conservative estimate of a person's chances ofdeveloping cancer during a lifetime ofconstant

Closure Performance Standard 9

### exposure. ·If

### more than one contaminant ispresent on a site, the total health riskfrom. 

# C all cancer-causing substances must be considered when determining cleanup levels. For non-carcinogenic substances, the MTCA cleanup level for each substance at a site must be below that which could cause illness in humans. If

### more than one substance at a site affects the body in the same way, the effect of all 

### those substances combined must be considered when determining cleanup levels. Facility owner/operators who wish to demonstrate clean closure must develop numeric cleanup levels for dangerous wastes and dangerous waste constituents using residential exposure assumptions underMTCAmethod A orB. In 

### order for Ecology to approve the clean closure certification, these cleanup levels must be met throughout the closing unit and any areas affected byreleases from the closing unit. The MTCA method A and B cleanup standards for determining site- and media-specific cleanup levels are found in WAC 173-340-700through -760. The following sections ofChapter 173-340 WAC are referenced in the MTCA cleanup standards but do not apply to clean closure: 130, 350, . 360, 410, and 440. In 

### addition, MTCA method C and WAC 173-340-745 are not appropriate for clean closure.
3.2 MTCA Method A 

### Use ofMTCA method A is limited to routine closures at sites with relatively few dangerous waste constituents or closures where numerical standards are available in the 

# C MTCA regulations or other applicable state and federal laws for all indicator dangerous

. waste constituents in all 

### media of concern.
3.2.1 Definitfon ofRoutine 

### A routine closure is any closure that Ecology determines meets the MTCA definition of a routine cleanup

..Under MTCA, a cleanup may be considered routine if: 

### (1) It 

### involves an obvious and limited choice among cleanup methods; (2) It 

### uses a cleanup method thatis reliable and has proven capable of accomplishing the cleanup standard; 

### (3) Cleanup standards for each hazardous substance addressedby the cleanup are obvious and undisputed, and allow an adequate margin of safety for protection ofhuman health and the environment; (4) Ecology has experience with similar actions; and (5) The action does not require an environmental impact statement. 

# ()

10 Closure Performance Standard

# • Routine cleanups may include one or more of the following activities: Cleanup of aboveground structures; cleanup ofbelow-ground structures; cleanup ofcontaminated soils where the cleanup willrestore the site to cleanup levels; or cleanup of solid wastes, includingcontainers. For additional information on the MTCA definition ofroutine, see WAC 173-340-130(7)(b). Ecology believes that very few closures meet the criteria for "routine." Ecology may consider closure of a container storage area with little or no contamination of the containmentsystem routine. Closures involvinggroundwaterremediation and/or decontamination of structures Will not normally be considered routine. 3.2.2 Clean Closure Levels - MTCAMethod A

. Clean closure levels established usingMTCA method A must, at a minimum, meet all of

the following: (1) Concentrations ofindividual dangerous waste constituents listed in the method A tables in WAC 173-340-720 or WAC 173-340-740; (2) Concentrations ofindividual dangerous waste constituents established under applicable state and federal laws;.and 

# • (3) 

### For individual dangerous waste constituents which do not meet the conditions in paragraphs one or two, concentrations that do not exceed natural background concentrations or the practical quantitation limit (POL) for the dangerous waste constituent in question.



# •• Guidance on use ofPOLs in determining MTCA method A cleanup levels 

### isavailable from Ecology. 3.2.3 Misuse ofthe MTCA Method ATables Care should be taken not to misuse the MTCA method A tables. The MTCAmethod A tables were developed for specific purposes, they are intended to provide conservative cleanup levels for sites undergoing routine cleanup actionsand/or sites with relatively few hazardous substances. The method A tables should not automatically be used to define clean closure levels. 3.3 MTCAMethod B MTCAmethod B may be used to establish clean closure levels at any dangerous waste managementunit or facility. Clean closure levels established using method B must, at a minimum, meet all ofthe following:

Closure Performance Standard 11(1)


### (2)
(3) Concentrations of individual dangerous waste constituents established under applicable state and federal law; Concentrations which are estimated to result in no adverse effects ori the protection and propagation of aquatic and terrestrial life; and For dangerous waste constituents for which sufficiently protective health-

. based criteriaor standards have not been established under applicable state and federal laws, concentrations whichprotect human health and the environment as specified in WAC 173-340-705, excluding the references to WAC 173-340-745.

.

I

. I 

### When establishing clean closure levels using MTCA method B, the excesscancer risk from individual carcinogens cannot exceed one-in-one-million**(1~);** 

### ifmore than one type of carcinogenic dangerous waste constituent is present or there ismore than one

.exposure pathway, the total excess cancer risk from the unit may not exceed one in 

### onehundred-thousand (1O"S). 

### For non-carcinogens, MTCA method B clean closure levels cannot exceed the concentration at which a constituent could cause acute or chronic toxic

. effects on human health and the hazard index ofdangerous waste constituents with

similar toxic effects cannot exceed one (1). 3.4**Adjus~g** Constituent Concentrations to Meet the 

### Cleanup Standards


### In orderto meet the MTCA cleanup standards, clean closure levels for individual dangerous waste constituents may need to be adjusted downward to take into account exposure from multiple pathways and to multiple dangerous constituents. Any such adjustments should be made in 

### accordance with the procedures in WAC 173-340-708(4). 3.5 Natural Background 

### Natural background concentrations ofdangerous waste constituents may be considered when establishing clean closure levels. MTCA defines natural background as, "the concentration ofhazardous substance consistentlypresent in the environment which has not been influenced by localized human activities." (See WAC 173-340-200) I 3.6 Indicator Constituents 

### Certification ofclean closure must consider all dangerous waste, dangerous waste constituents, and dangerous waste residues (including decomposition products) generated 

### Ofmanaged at the facility and within individual units at the facility; however, the closure process can often be expedited through use ofindicator constituents. Indicator constituents are constituents proposed by the facilityowner/operator and approved by Ecology as representative ofthe wastes managed atthe closing unit and their degradation products. For information on selecting indicator constituents please refer to section 6.7 of this guidance. 

# c

12 Closure Performance Standard

# •

•

• 3.7 Pre-Existing Contamination In 

### some cases, hazardous substances may have been present at the location of a dangerous waste management unit before the unit was constructed or before the dangerous waste management occurred.' In 

### other cases, hazardous substances may have migrated to the unit from another, unrelated, source. In 

### these cases, clean closure of individual units may occur provided: (1) All dangerous wastes, constituents, and waste residues which originated from the unit or waste management activities associated with the unit are removed to appropriate clean closure levels; and (2) The facilityowner/operator demonstrates to Ecology'ssatisfaction that the remaining contamination did not emanate from the closing unit and was not in any waycausedby waste management 'activities at the closing unit.
A facility owner/operator's obligations for closure at any given unit are fulfilled when Ecology accepts a unit-specific clean closure certification. If

### pre-existingcontamination remains at the clean-closed unit in concentrations above appropriate MTCA cleanup levels, the unit is 

### subject to additional remediation under RCRA corrective action, MTCA, or CERCLA, as appropriate. Ecologyencourages facility owner/operators to work closely with the Department during closure activities to ensure that all 

### contamination 'at closing units is appropriately addressed and to minimize the need for additional remedial activities after closure.
3.8 Post-Closure Care 

### Post-closure care is requiredwhen dangerous wastes or waste residues'are left in place at a closed dangerous waste management unit. Ecology considers dangerous waste or waste residues left in place when dangerous waste constituents, residues, or decomposition products at the closed unit remain at concentrations above numeric cleanup levels determined usingresidential exposure assumptions under MTCA method A or B. 

### 'A post-closure permit is 

### typically required toensure appropriate post-closure care. This guidance does not address post-closure care or permitting. Facilityowner/operators who believe that clean closure is not feasible are encouraged to work closely with Ecology to determine appropriate post-closure care requirements.

Closure Performance Standard 13

# •

• 4.0 REMOVAL
Inthe case ofmost non-land basedunits (e.g., tanks and containers) and many land based units (e.g., surface impoundments and waste piles), the first step ofthe closure process will be to remove all waste from the closing unit. When removal ofall waste is required, Ecology will expect facility owner/operators to use all practical and appropriate methods to remove the waste. 

### Inthe case ofremoving waste from a tank, such methods could include, but are not limited to, pumping, pouring, scraping, and shoveling. After waste is removed from the closing unit, the unit and all equipment, bases, liners, soils/subsoils, and all other materials containing or contaminated with dangerous wastes or waste residue must also be removed or must undergo decontamination. Decontamination procedures are discussed in detail in section 5 ofthis guidance. All wastes, waste residues, debris, and contaminated media generated during closure activities mustbe managed in accordance with all applicable requirements including applicable requirements in Chapter 173-303 WAC and applicable Federal hazardous waste requirements. Wastes removed from regulated units willcontinue to carry the dangerous waste codes which were associated with the wastes managed in the units and remain subject to all applicable dangerous waste regulatory requirements. As discussed in section 2.1 of this guidance, a facility owner/operatorwho intends to clean close a dangerous waste management unit must fully describe each step in removing waste and waste residues in the closure plan. Each step in the removal process should be fullydescnbed, including, but not limited to, estimates ofthe volumes and types of waste, hazardous debris, waste residue and contaminated equipment, structures, and media which will be removed during closure, staging and containerization ofwaste or reagents, equipment to be used, removal pattern and depth increments, and management ofloading areas. The closure plan should also describe provisions which will be taken to minimize and/or prevent emissions ofdangerous waste anddangerous constituents during closure activities. For example, 

### ifwaste management activities during closure

### will include

. loading and transport ofcontaminated materials in trucks, the closure plan should

describe the steps which will be taken to minimize air emissions from windblown dust.
4.1 Waste Minimization 

## The management ofwaste generated during the closure process must include consideration ofECology'swaste.management hierarchy. Ecology's waste management hierarchy emphasizes recycling and treatment over land disposal and includes the following waste management priorities, in order ofdiminishing preference:

(2) Waste recycling; (1) Waste reduction; 

# • (3)

Removal Physical, chemical,"and biological treatment;



### 15(4) Incineration; (5) Solidification/stabilization treatment; and (6) Landfill. Utilization of an approach higher on the waste management hierarchy could be used as a basis for requesting additional time for closure (see section 7.3 ofthis guidance) ifsuch additional time were necessary to implement the higher priority approach.
4.2 Contaminated Environmental Media Contaminated environmental media which contain dangerous waste must be managed as dangerous waste unless or until they no longer contain the waste and do not exhibit a dangerous waste characteristic or criteria, or are 

### delisted, Not all contaminated environmental media generated during closure will necessarily require management as dangerous waste. Facility owner/operators should carefully consider the conditions at their closing units, and workwith Ecology to determine the regulatory status of contaminated environmental media. As noted in section 4.1, Ecology encourages facility owner/operators to consider recycling and/or reuse ofcontaminated environmental media generated during closures.
4.2.1 Contained-in Policy for Media Facility owner/operators may demonstrate that contaminated environmental media generated during closure activities do not or no longer contain dangerous waste and therefore do not require further regulatory control or decontamination (this demonstration is referred to as a "contained-in demonstration"), Ecology reviews demonstrations that contaminated media no longer contain dangerous waste on a caseby-case basis, in consideration ofthe facility and waste specific circumstances. Facility owner/operators must continue to manage contaminated media as dangerous waste until they receive a written determination by Ecology that the media in question does not or .no longer contains dangerous waste (this decision is referred to as a "contained-in determination"). Ecology typically bases contained-in determinations on a comparison of the concentrations ofhazardous substances ofconcern in the media to MICA residential cleanup standards. Ecology may determine that the media in question no longer contains dangerous waste when the concentrations ofdangerous constituents in the media fall below cleanup levels determined using residential exposure assumptions according to the MTCA regulations and the media does not exhibit a dangerous waste characteristic or criteria. Facility owner/operators may submit a request for, and information supporting, a contained-in determination in the closure plan. Provided the supporting documentation is adequate, Ecology can include contained-in determinations in closure plan approvals. Ecology can also consider contained-in demonstrations during or after implementation of 

# c

()

16 Removal

# e "closure activities. Facility owner/operators who believe the contained-in policy may be applied to their closures are encouraged to work closely with Ecology to develop adequate information to support a contained-in determination.
4.3 Hazardous Debris
EPA has promulgated rules governing the application ofthe hazardous waste Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) to hazardous debris. These rules are in effect in Washington State and are presently being implemented by the EPA Region 10 in conjunction with Ecology. Debris is defined as solid material (in the physical sense) which exceeds 60 mm (2.5 inches) particle size and intended for disposal. Hazardous

"debris is defined as debris which is contaminated with listed hazardous waste orwhich

itself exlubits a hazardous characteristic. Not all debris generated during the closure process 

### will meet the definition ofhazardous debris. Facility owner/operators should plan on working closely with Ecology to determine the regulatory status ofdebris and other materials generated during the closure process and are encouraged to consider recycling or reuse ofsuch materials.

. Facility owner/operators have three options for managing hazardous debris: 

# e (1) Most listed and/or characteristic hazardous debris can be treated using an appropriate"technology listed in 40 CFR 268.45 Table 1. Ifthe debris is treated using an approved extraction or destruction technology, it need not be managed as a dangerous waste after treatment, providing it meets the. technology specific performance and/or operating standard(s) and does not exlubit a dangerous waste characteristic or criteria. 40 CFR 268.45 Table 1 isreprinted on pages 26 and 27-of this guidance.



# e" (2) Hazardous debris may be treated to meet the constituent-specific LDR treatment standard for the waste orwaste-specific constituents contaminating the debris; however, such debris, even after treatment, may stillbe considered a dangerous waste under Chapter 173-303 WAC and may requiremanagement at a facility permitted to manage dangerous waste. (3) Facility owner/operators may ask Ecology to apply the "contained-in" policy for hazardous debris. Using the contained-in policy; Ecology can determine, on a ease-by-case basis, that the hazardous debris does not or no longer contains dangerous waste and does not require management as a dangerous waste. For more information on the contained-in policy for hazardous debris, please see below.
For more information" on LDR treatment requirements for hazardous debris, refer to 57· FR 37194 (August 18, 1992) or contact a hazardous waste specialist at your Ecology Regional Office or at EPA Region 10.

Removal 17

### 4.3.1 Contained-in Policy for Hazardous Debris 

### The contained-in policy for hazardous debris' is similar to the contained-in policy

### .for contaminated environmerital media discussed in section 4.2.1, above. Ecology will typicallybase contained-in determinations for debris on the history of the unit undergoing closure, the concentrations ofdangerous constituents present, potential routes of exposure to such dangerous constituents, and other applicable information. There are no standards which are routinely used to define contained-in concentrations for hazardous debris: In 

### the absence ofclear standards, Ecology believes that soil cleanup levels determined underMICAusing residential exposure assumptions representvery conservative assessment ofthe potential risks posed by debris. If

### the concentrations of dangerous constituents in debris are below MTCAresidential cleanup levels Ecology will 

### likely determine that the debris no longer contains dangerous waste. Facility owner/operators who choose this 

### option are encouraged to work closely with Ecology to develop appropriate supporting information. Ecologyemphasizes that MTCA residential soil cleanup standards should not automatically be used to define contained-in concentrations for hazardous debris. Ecology may make contained-in determinations for hazardous debris based only on facility- and debris-specificconsiderations and in the absence ofa comparison ofconcentrations ofhazardous constituents in the debris to MTCA cleanup levels. 4.4 The Empty ContainerRule 

### The empty container rule is 

### found at WAC 173-303-160. Under the empty container 

# 0 rule, a container is 

### considered "empty" when all wastes have beenremoved that can be removed using practices commonly employed to remove materials from that type of container and there iseither less than one inch of waste remaining in the container or less than 1 percent ofthe container's capacity of waste remains in the container, whichever is lessI. 

### Tanks are not considered "containers" for purposes of the empty container rule. Achievement ofthe performance standard and specificrequirements of the empty container rule does not remove the obligation to decontaminate closingcontainer storage areas, container systems, and ancillary equipment.

Iffthe total capacity of the container is greater than 110 gallons the amount of waste remaining in the containermaynot exceed 0.3 percent of the container's total capacity. 

# o

18 

### RemovalI .

# •

• 5.0 DECONTAMINATION
In the past, Ecology and the regulated community have struggled to make numerous site specific decisions regarding the methods and degrees ofdecontamination which are necessary in a clean closure scenario. The purpose ofthe following decontamination guidance is to provide minimum decontamination standards for use during closure. Although decontamination approvals will still involve site'specific considerations, Ecology

. believes that cleariy defining minimum standards 

### will significantly improve and expedite the closure plan approval process. As discussed in sectionZ.I of this guidance, a facility owner/operatorwho intends to clean close' a dangerous waste management unit must fullydescnbe each step in removing waste and waste residues and removing or decontaminating equipment, structures, and contaminated environmental media from the unit in the closure plan. These descriptions must include estimates ofthe volumes and types ofwaste, hazardous debris, waste residue, and contaminated equipment, structures, and media which willbe removed or decontaminated during closure. Descriptions ofstaging and containerization ofwaste or reagents, equipment used, removal pattern and depth increments, loading areas and any other steps critical to removal and/or decontamination must also be included, The closure plan should clearly explain how debris and contaminated media 

### will be decontaminated, stored, loaded, and managed, both at the unit and after it leaves the facility (as applicable). For example, ifthe chosen decontamination method is high pressure steam, the closure plan should detail the'temperature, pressure, and duration of the highpressure steam decontamination and discuss any use ofsurfactants or detergents. The closure plan should descnbe provisions which will be taken to minimize and/or prevent emissions of dangerous waste and dangerous constituents during closure activities. For example, ifdecontamination activities willinclude waterwashing, the closure plan should fully descnbe the steps which 

### will be taken to prevent release of wash waters to the environment.
5.1 UnitInspection Prior to Decontamination
Priorto beginning decontamination, but afterwastes have been removed, facility owner/operators mustvisuallyinspect the closing unit to identify all cracks and other openings throughwhich waste, debris, or decontamination media (such as wash water) could be released to the environment. Ifcracks or other openings are found at the closing unit, the facility owner/operator may be required to seal or repair.the .cracks or other openings to prevent releases prior to or during decontamination ofthe unit. Facility owner/operators must maintain a record ofthe location and dimension ofall cracks or other openings identified during closure because these areas are considered to have a higher potential for allowing releases ofdangerous waste from the closing unit and may require more focused sampling and analysis.during closure. The records may be kept in the facilityoperating record or in the field notebook discussed in section 6.10.1 of • this guidance. Facility owner/operators must investigate and evaluate all cracks and other

Decontamination . 19

### openings identified during closure to determine if

### releases ofdangerous waste or

. dangerous waste constituents have occurred at or from the closing unit.

Facility owner/operators should include procedures for inspecting all units priorto decontamination, recording releases and potential releases, and reporting such releases and potential releases to Ecology in 

### the closure. plan.
5.2 Decontamination Standards In 

### a continuing effort to build consistency into the dangerous waste regulatory program, Ecology has chosen to reference the "Alternative Treatment Standards for Hazardous Debris," as promulgatedby EPAin the August 18, 1992Federal Register (57 FR 37194) as the minimum decontamination standards for closure. The Alternative Treatment Standards.for Hazardous Debris are summarized in 40CPR § 

### 268.45 Table 1, which is reprinted at the end ofthis section on pages 26 and 27. Ecology recognizes that not all 

### materials requiring decontamination during closure will meet the regulatory definition ofhazardous debris', 

### For example, materials requiring decontaniination during closure may include structures, such as concrete containment systems, which are not intended for disposal.· Although these structures will 

### not meet the regulatory definition ofhazardous debris, they still require adequate and appropriate decontamination during closure. Ecology believes the Alternative Treatment Standards for Hazardous Debris represent the best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for materials typicallysubject to decontamination during the closure process and, as such, are appropriate minimum standards for closure decontamination regardless of the regulatory status of the materials in question. EPA contemplated application of the Alternative Treatment Standards for Hazardous Debris to the closure process when they wrote in the preamble to the August 18, 1992 rule: "The Agency (EPA) believes that the treatment methods in today's rule would always satisfythe decontamination standard in the closure provisions. After all, the purpose ofthese treatment methods is to decontaminate. EPA also interprets the land disposal and closure rules to require that all hazardous debris be treated to meet the debris treatment standards, even if the debris isgenerated during closure." (57 FR 37243)

. 5.3 Compliancewith Decontamination Standards



### Ecology believes that materials requiring decontamination during the closure process may include, but will 

### not be limited to, glass, metal, plastic, rubber, brick, cloth, concrete, pavement, rock, and wood. Ecology willconsider such materials decontaminated"if

### they have been treated using an appropriate extraction or destruction technology (as specified

ZSee Section 4.3 of this guidance for a discussion of the regulatory definition of "hazardous debris."

. 

# o.

()

20 Decontamination

# .-.

•

• below and in 40 CPR §.268.45 Table 1), meet the technology specific performance, design, and/or operating standards and, ifintendedfor disposal, the material does not exhibit a dangerous waste characteristic or criteria. Ecology believes this is consistent with EPA's determination that, after treatmentwith most extraction and destruction treatment technologies, hazardous debris 

### willno longerbe subject to regulation as a hazardous waste (e.g., appropriately treated debris can be recycled, reused, or land disposed in a solid waste landfill without further control under the federal hazardous waste regulations).

. Materials decontaminated using an immobilization technology could be subject to longterm monitoring requirements under a post-closure scenario. Requiring long-term monitoring for materials treated using an immobilization technology is consistent with EPA's determination that treatment using an immobilization technology will be adequate to comply with LDR treatment requirements, but the treated debris 

### willremain subject to regulation as hazardous waste (e.g., can be land disposed only at a facility permitted to manage hazardous waste). Facility owner/operators who choose to decontaminate material using biodegradation, chemical destruction (which includes chemical oxidation and chemical reduction), or decontaminate dioxin wastes using thermal destruction, must prepare a demonstration of equivalent technology. The demonstration ofequivalent technology should be included in the closure plan and should document that the proposed technology treats the material undergoing decontamination such that residual concentrations ofhazardous contaminants will not pose a hazard to human health and the environment. ITthe material undergoing decontamination is considered hazardous debris and the purpose ofthe proposed decontamination method is, in part, to satisfy lDR treatment requiremerits, the demonstration must be prepared in accordance with the requirements of40 CFR § 268.42(b).
5.4 Decontamination and Compliancewith the LDR Facility owner/operators who chose to decontaminate debris using an appropriate extraction or destruction treatment technology from 40 CFR § 268.45 Table 1 

### will have the advantage of concurrently complying with lDR treatment standards, per any applicable restrictions in the federal regulations. Facility owner/operators who choose to decontaminate materials using a treatment technology other than the appropriate extraction or destruction technology from 40 CFR § 268.45 Table 1 could, subject to Ecology review and approval, fulfill closure requirements but may have.continuing obligations under the federal LDR program. Remember, while requirements for removal and/or decontamination during closure apply to all dangerous waste, dangerous waste constituents and dangerous waste residues (including decomposition products) and all equipment, bases, liners, soils/subsoils, or other material containing or contaminated with dangerouswaste, constituents.**o~** residues, only materials intended for disposal are subject to LDR requirements. Facility

Decontamination 

### 21

### owner/operators are encouraged to work closely with Ecology to identify, early in the 

# C closure process,materials intended for discard or disposal so LDR compliance can be j 

### considered when developing site-specific closure decontamination strategies. 5.5 OtherDecontamination Methods & 

### EquivalentTechnology Demonstrations Instead ofrelying on the Alternative Treatment Standards for Hazardous Debris, facility owner/operators may wish to propose other decontamination methods or, some facility owner/operators may decide to use the Alternative Treatment Standards for Hazardous Debris but propose other design, operating, or performance standards. At a minimum; requests for approval ofother decontamination methods and/or other design, operating and performance standards should include: (1) Information demonstrating that the proposed decontamination method or standard is in compliancewith the closure performance standard at WAC 173-303-610(2), including information demonstrating that the proposed decontamination method or standard will 

### control, minimize, or eliminate post-closure escape ofdangerous waste, dangerous constituents, leachate, contaminated run-off, and dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground, surface water, ground water, and atmosphere.



### (3) Information demonstrating that the proposed decontamination method or standard is 

### protective ofhuman health and the environment, 

### (2) Information demonstrating that the proposed decontamination method or standard is in compliance with federal, state, and local requirements; 

### and 

# o

Based on such information and any other available or requested information, Ecology may approve the 

### use ofthe proposed decontamination method or standard. 

### All approvals will 

### be in writing and may contain such provisions and conditions as

### Ecology deems appropriate. If

### adequate information is provided in the closureplan, Ecology can. 

### grant such approval during the closure plan review process. If

### the material undergoing decontamination is considered hazardous debris and the purpose ofthe proposed decontamination method is; in part, to satisfyLDR**tre~tment** 

### requirements, the documentation must include a demonstration ofequivalent technology prepared in accordance with

### the requirements 

### of40 CFR § 

### 268.42(b).
5.6 

### Sampling Ecology may require sampling ofmaterial subject to decontamination to determine the nature and extent ofcontamination present in the material and/or to confirm the adequacy ofany decontamination method. For example, chip sampling ofconcrete containment systems and/or rinsate sampling for tank decontamination may be required.



### 22 Decontamination

# •

•

• Ecology recognizes that sampling ofmany materials typically subject to decontamination during closure may be problematic. Ecology emphasizes that the advantage of using an appropriate extraction or destruction technology from 40 CFR § 

### 268.45 Table 1 for closure decontamination is treated material may exit the dangerous waste regulatory system and sampling will 

### not typicallybe required. If

### facilityowner/operators anticipate sampling will 

### be necessary during closure decontamination, they should propose sampling methods in the sampling and analysis portion of the closure plan. Formore information on sampling and analysis considerations, please see section 6 ofthis guidance. 5.7 Decontamination Residuals Residuals from decontamination (e.g., rinse-water) may besubject to regulation as dangerous waste and may be required to carry 

### the dangerous waste codes associated with the waste managed in the unites) undergoing closure. Facility owner/operators should work closely with Ecology to determine the regulatory status ofdecontamination residuals generated during closure. As discussed in section 2.1 ofthis guidance, procedures for collection and management ofdecontamination residuals should be included in the closure plan.
5.8 Decontamination ofConcrete Containment Structures Ecology believes that decontamination ofconcrete containment structures will 

### be the most common type of closure decontamination. Alternative Treatment Technologies for Hazardous Debris appropriate to concrete include: abrasive blasting using water to propel abrasive media, scarification, grinding and planing, vibratory finishing, and high pressure steam and water sprays (considered physical extraction technologies); and water washing and spraying and liquid orvapor phase solvent extractions (considered chemical extraction technologies). Performance, design, and/or operating standards for physical and chemical extraction technologies are specified in 40 CFR 268.45 Table 1 (reprinted on pages 26 and 27 ofthis guidance). The performance standards for physical extraction technologies are based on removal of the'contaminated layer of debris. The physical extraction performance standard for concrete is removal of 0.6 cm ofthe debris surface layer and treatment to a "clean debris

.surface." EPAhas determined that the treatment performance standardfor physical extraction technologies cannot be met by treating concrete with high pressure steam and/orwater spray; however, facility owner/operators who believe that high pressure

3nclean debris surface" means the surface, when viewedwithout magnification, is free of all visible contaminated soil and dangerous waste except that residual staining from soil and waste consisting oflight shadows, slight streaks, or minor discolorations, and soil and waste in cracks, crevices, and pits maybe present provided that such staining and waste and soil in cracks, crevices,and pits shall be limited to 5% of each square inch of surface area. See 40 CFR § 268.45 Table 1, Footnote 3.

.


### Decontamination 23 .

### steam and/or water spray treatment will 

### achieve an adequate level ofconcrete decontamination at their facility can propose an more appropriate performance standard as discussed in 

### section 5.5 of this guidance, The performance standards for chemical extraction are based on dissolution of contaminants in 

### the cleaning solution. The chemical extraction performance standard for concrete requires treatment to a "clean debris surface," limits the thickness ofthe concrete to 1.2 

### em, and requires that the dangerous constituents being addressed are soluble to at least 5% by weight in the water solution, emulsion, or solvent as applicable. Facility owner/operators who believe that an adequate level of concrete decontamination can be achieved through waterwashing and spraying ofconcrete which is greater than 1.2 

### em thick can propose an alternative performance standard or decontamination method as discussed in section 5.5 ofthis 

### guidance.
5.8.1 Contained-in Policy 

### Depending on the condition and degree on contamination present in the concrete, facility owner/operators may wish to use the contained-in policy to demonstrate to Ecology that their concrete containment system does not require decontamiriation because it 

### does not contain dangerous waste. Facility owner/operators can also propose contained-in demonstrations for concrete which has been treated or decontaminated (using any treatment or decontamination method except dilution) so that it no longer contairis

. dangerous waste. Ecologywill 

### make contained-in determinations for concrete containment systems on a case-by-casebasis after considering the history ofthe unit, the dangerous constituents present and/or potentially present, potential routes ofexposure, and other pertinent information. There are no standards which are routinely used to define contained-in concentrations for concrete; however, Ecology believes that soil cleanup levels determined under 

### MTCAusing residential exposure assumptions representvery conservative 

### assessments ofthe potential exposure risks posed by concrete. If

### the concentrations ofdangerous constituents ofconcern in concrete are below 

### MTCA residential cleanup levels Ecology will

### likelydetermine that the concrete no longer contains 

### dangerous waste.
IT

### adequate information is

### provided, Ecology can make contained-in determinations as part ofthe closure plan approval process. For more information,·please see the discussion ofthe contained-in policy in section**4.3~1** 

### of this guidance. 5.9 Decontamination ofMetal Tanks and Tank 

### Systems

.Ecology believes decontamination of metal tanks, tank systems, and ancillaryequipment

(e.g., pumps, piping) will be a common part ofthe closure process. Alternative Treatment Technologies for Hazardous Debris appropriate for metal include: abrasive blasting, scarification, grinding and planing, spalling, vibratory finishing; and high pressure 

# o



# ..

24



### .Decontamination

# •

•

• steam and water sprays (physical extraction) and water washing and spraying, liquidand vapor solvent extraction (chemical extraction). The performance standard for physical and chemical extraction technologies is treatment toa "clean debris surface." "Clean debris surface" is defined in footnote 

### -3, on page 23 of this 

### guidance. Remember, the first step in 

### the closure process is 

### to remove all 

### waste from the closing unit and visually inspect the unit for any cracks or other openings (see section 4 of this guidance). Waste removal and visual inspection must be completed before tank 

### decontamination may begin. If

### you plan on going inside the tankto accomplish waste removal, visual inspection, or decontamination, you may be subject to regulations for worker safety and/or confined space entry under the Washington Industrial Safety and Health Administration and/orthe federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration. To find our more about WISHNOSHAregulations, you may contact the Washington Department ofLabor and Industries at (206) 753-6502

.

Decontamination 25TABLE 1.-ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR HAzARDOUS DesRIS 1 ContamInant I8ltlidlon,·

Sameas above -; Same as above.

.0BbtIs t:tJntsnNtIItI with • .-astr

Qltain an Tec:tliQllg(" approval underf 268.42(1»).8 • seme as abo¥e. --; Same as 8bcw&

Sridr. 00t1t, PIlpsr. p...".", Rod;.

WDOCt Contaminant must be IOIutlIe to at least 5,., by weigtllinwater tolulion or5,., by weight in emulsion; if debris ill c:onIaminated will a listed waste,- en "EquiYaIent**Tec:tli~** aI underf 268.42(1»)mustbe0btIinecL8 AI DebM:Treatment to a dean debris surface;· Stick. Ccn:rete, Pt1per. P'a

.. e"aent Rod;. WoOct Debris inU5t be nomore tNIn 1.2 em**(~** 1nd1) In one dimenIion (i.... Ilic:tneIs Iimit.. except I\a1 tis 1tlidulesS Iinit may be W8ived underan "EquiYaIenITech"dotlr under f 268.42(b);8 debris utaces must be In contad wiltl watersolutiontotat least 15 lllilUea Sameas above---.---------l Bride, Q)t1t, Conc:nJte. hptJr.**r~\** WDOCt Same as above. acept the1 contai\ must be soluble to at IeasI 5,., by weight 

### .,_J SOlYeftl.

For relining furnaces. treated debris must be

...

rated from treatment residuals using IimpIe cal or mec:hal1ic:aI 8 and. prior to blt& natment. suc:ta f9SiliIIls must meet the

..... IP8CifiC treatmenC IIanciBrdt tor orgerie pounds In ItlewasteconIamIna1ing !he debriL AIDt1bris: Obtain an "EqutvaJenI Tec:tli1Olo0'" •

ptCMI undert 268.42(1));8 IreaI8d debris must be separated from Ir8a1ment rusiduaIs using IimpIe physical or mechIItlicaI means.- and. prior to Iur· 1hertreatment. sudI reslcMlmust meet Itle

... specific: treatment standards for organic pOWlds In Itle waste contaninatiI:lg !he debttL 8Iidc, Q)t1t, ,..., Rod;.

WOClCt Debris must be no more than 10 em (4 Inches) WI one 6mellSion (L'" IllduI8SS 1miQ,- acept ht tis 1tidulesa Imit may be waNed underOle"EquiYaIentT ec:h'tl:ltotzrIPP'CMI
AI lJsbtis: ObtaIn an "E4MJenITec:twIOlog)"'. AIDfIbris:Metal

. prowaI under t 268.42(b);8 haled de!lrIs must be tepII'at8d from 

### -.tment resa.Ia using ..,. ormee:hanicaI rrl88N,8 and. prior 10 Iur· ther tr8a1menl, sudI residuemuSt meetthewas. IP8CiIic lreatlMnl 8land8rda tar organic PClUI'ldsWI the weste cantaninating Ole detlria. Bride. Q,6\ Ccn::r'f1te, PIJpttT.**Pa~** Rod;.

WOClCt Detlris must be no moreOlen 1.2 em**(~** inch) In one dimension**(Le~** lNc:knesa Imit).' Same

.as 8bcMt, 8XC8I't that brldl.c:Iolh. concrete, Same-as 8bowe.

paper, pavement. rock end wood IUrfeces must be In conl8d with the orvaniC vapor torat least 60 minutes. Same"as

# abcMt--------

__--l SameasIbcM. Met6/. PlilstiC. 1MJbfIr. Trutment to a ete8n AIDtJIJris: None. debris surface.· Bni::*. 00Il\ ConcntM. PItt-.**Pa~** Rod;.

WDOCt RemOval of at least 0.8 em01 the ..-:. treatment 10a debris1Urfac:e.· Sameas Same asabo¥e.

b. ThBnnaJ DesaptiorL Heating WI an enclosed

chamber under either 0Iicizing ornoi lOXidiziilQ atmospheres at IUffident l8mpera1l.n and

.... denc:e time to vaporize hazardous tram contaminBted surfaces and sdac:e pores and to f8Cl1OlI8Itle conIaminents from !he heatIng etlentMwWlagaseousexheustgas.7

8. DesIruction TedvlOlogies:

1. Bif:/IogCaI DsslnK:Iion**(~b7):** Rernow-

.. 01 hazardous conIarninanIt from detldI

.... faces and IUf1ace pores In enaqueous IOIuIIan and biOdegIatioo'l Ofor;aric 01 norwnNIIic inor· ganc
. Cl

... ft)igallic::a ltlaI CClnIain ptlOsphoiUS, nitrogen, 0I1U1tur) In wiIaoperaI8d W1dllreitha- .-otlicor anaerobic COldtioi

.. A.&1rK1ioft**T~**

1. fItIrsIc* &IrIIc:tion a. Bl8SIittfF Removal of contarhnat8d

debns IUI1ace Iayera using water and/or

..

....... to prcpeI • solid mecia (e.g.. steel shot. aluminum oxide

### om. plastic beD). b. Mtd Process

UIIiZing Rilling pIst.on heads. saws. or rotating pning wtleeIa IUdI thai contaminated d6tlriI turface IIlyers ani removed. Co Drillingore:tlil::Plnlil hoIet at

IocatiOM and deplft In the contaminaIed debris ..-:. and applyinga tool whictI aetlI • forca .on
...... of·1hoa8 holes IUd'! Chatthe

... face .,., It NmCMId.. The surface

__ ,. mowed remeIns I'IaDIdous debriS NlIect to the debrillreatrnenlllanderds. d.**F~** Pn:ic:ess utilizing IC:fWblng

IMCI&. Ilushing IIuid. osc:iIatingenervr IUdl tNt tIazaniouI contaminants or c:ontamnated dllbtlsutace

.... ant AlmCMld.. a. High PrfI$SlIWSlam Mtd Wa" AppIcation Of water or steam sprays 01 tuIfic:ient temperaVe, pr8SS&n, l'8sideIlC8 1I'ne, egiIation. IUifadantI. and de1ergenIa 10 f8IIIO¥e hlWwdClUS contaminants Crom debriI IUffaces or to remcMtccntaminated debris -.faceIayera.. 2. Cherhc:alExtnIclion a. .Watsr WashiJg Mtd App6:don 01

water IPf'8YS orwaterbaths 0I1Uftic:ienll8mper· .lure, pr8ssure, residence time. N1actants. acids, bases. and detergents to fIIIIlOWe I'lazardous contaminants from debriI Nt8ces and IUftace pores or 10 l'8rnOY8 CClfltIln*laIed debrillUrface b. Liquid Phase SoIwJnt &tr1It:tion: RenlCMII of

hazardous c:antaminants from debris aurteces and eurtace pores by applying a liquidorIiqlC solution whictI ClIUS8S ltle ClUS contaminants 10enterItle liquid phase and be ftushedaway from the detlfiS aJong will Itle IquIc1 or IOlutiOntmIe usWIg appropriate agitation. temperature. and resldenc:etime.· 

### c:**v~** PtIII58 SoNenI bIraction:**~tion** of

en organic vapor using tuffic:ienl**~liOn,** r" dence time, and temperaUe to cause hazard. ous c:ontaIIWlanIs on contaminated debris

... faces and IUrface pores to enter ltle yepor ptIIlS8 end be bhed -.y wilh ltle organic vapor•• 3. ThermalExtraclion a. High T tJI1f1InbrBIIetII/s R«JtNtJty:Application of IUffic:ientheat. l'8sideIlCe lime., IIuJling agenIS, antJIorC8Itlon in • Imelling. melting.or retnng Iumeceto i8p8flI1e metals tromdebriLTechnology**~l** 

# •

• None. None. Stick. ConcretB, sass. A/Bt./. 1'8vemtJnI. Reck.

IJ<1t8J: Metals other ItIan men::ury. except that therearenometaJrest!iCtiOllS fer vi1rtftc:ation. DeI:JM COfI!lImiMlSd with • dioJdn.IisISd Ir2J5I8.I

Obtainan"EQUivatentTec:hlOloW'approyal.under f 268.42(b).I exceptthat thisrecoui'9menl does not applyto'Iitritication. " AIDebtfs:Metal contamlnMtl. AI D«JriII:0tJtaIn en ""'EquIvalen( Tect.lOIogy" •

proveI under I 268.42(b):1 IreaI8d d8tlrlI muIt be aePera18d from natment r8IidueIa UIIng IimpIe phySical ormectlanic:aI rneana.I end, prior to fur· ther lr8lItment. such residue must rneel

....... spedfic: treatment standarda lor organic pounds In the waste contan*lating ltie debriL 8rit:J4 0014" hptJT, Rod.

W<loctDebris must be nomore Itl8ft 12 em**(~** Inch) In one dimension (I.... "Ilicknesa 1imiO.I 8llC8PC that IIlia IifIIit be waMId under

... "'Eeplt8lenl Tec:h1Olog)'" Sameas

## abcMI.------------I sameas above.

Treated debris must be I8P8t8t8d from treatment

residuals using $Imple pt1ylIIcaI or mec:haNcaI means.1 and. prior to fw1her treatment. such reeldue mustmeet the waste-spec:ific: treatment standards lor organiccompound$ In the waste c0ntaminating the dobns.

Eneapsulating material mustCCllitpletely encapsulate

dobria and be resistant to degradation by the debria and its contaminants and materia into "WtliCh It may come into contae:t after piacernent (leachate. otherwaste. microbes). Leaet\ability of the hazardous contamInanta must be

reduced.

Sealingmust avoid**~1l'Of** 1Mdebris Nface 10

potential Ieac:hng media and eee£an( muIt be resiStent to degradatien by the debriI end ill contaminanta and materialS i'ltD "whiCh • 1M)' corne into contact afterpIac:ement(1eec:NIt8. OCher waste, mictobos). 2. a.mIc:8I Destndon

.. 0ttJmicM 0'Gmlc:aI orIlectoIyllc

...

dation utilizing

... toIIowing 0IIida1i0n reegena (or waste reagentS) or comtlinallon of ,.. gents-(1) hypocNorite bleach); (2) rlne; (3) chlorine daxide: (4)ozoneorLN violet IighQ asaist8d ozone; (5) peroxidea; (6) persulfates; (7) pen:Norates; (8) ates; 8IldIor (9) other 0IIidIzing reagents of equivalenl destrudicln effiQellCJ.· Qlemc:aI

# =- dation specifically includes

.....t II referred10

.. alkaline etlIorination.
b. a.rrw:.JRstNctiotr l'88Ction utI2VIg

... IoIIowing nldudng reagentI (or nste·reagents) or combination of reagents: (1) lUlU dioxide; (2) IOCUn.potassUn. oraIk.aI I8ItS of IUIfites. bisulfites, and**~_** 8f'd p0lyethylene gIyccII (e.g... HaPEG end" KPEG); (3) sodium (4) f8ITOUI aaIts; and/or (5) other reducing reagents of eIficien- "ct·'

. 3. 1'htJI't1WIDBstrucIiotrTreatmentIn Cllncinetatar

operating Inac:c:orcsanc:e wilh &bpert0 of Patts 264or26Sof this chaptsr; a boilerorinduSttiaI tumace operating i'I ecCol'ltallc:e willi H of PlItt 266 of this chaptar. or o:her tnermaI

....tment cnt operated Inac:consance wittt Subpart X. Part 264 of "thiscN;lC8r. or Sctlpert p. Pan 265 of this cNpt8r. but 8lidudIng for pur. posesof these"detlristreatment 5talidaRiS Ther· mal Desorption ll'lits. C.ImmobilizationTechIOIogies:

1.**~tioa** A;lplication of llUI'tace

coating materials IUCtI

.. orgat*:s (e.g.. resinS and plastic::s) or of a jadt8t 01 inert mganic materials to Slbstantialt ftlduC:e uface £lqlOSlntopotential IIllMfia. 2.**~tioa** Stabilizalion of IIIe debtiS

with the following reagents (or waS!8 reagents) such 1hat the Ieactlabiity 01 1Mhazardous c0ntaminants is reduced: (1) PolUand CllI"IClI'It or(2) limelponolans (e.g.. fly ash end cement kiln dust). Reagents (e.g.. Wn salts. IiIicates. end days) may be eddecl to erNnce the MtlCln lime and/or compessive strengttl. or10 reduCe

... IeachatliIity of ltie ba:atdauI c:onstitu8ntS.' 3. Saling: Application of an appcoprlate mat8riaJ

whiCh adheres lightlyto the dabItI Nfac8 to avoid aposure of ltie surtae:e to pol8IItiaIleac:hing rnoc:ia. When necesaary II) IIffedMIty leal ltie

..... seaJing encaas ptetrealmllnl of 1M debris surface10 remove Ioreign matterandto dean and roughen the suiac:e.

... ft:Iude epoxy. 1iEcone. end ""thane ccm- pounds, butpaintmaynotbe used

... NaIanL

## .. 

# • , 

### 6.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS FOR CLEAN CLOSURE

All closures will include a sampling and analysis component. At a minimum, sampling and analysis will be necessary to characterize the areal and vertical extent of

. contamination at and/or released from the closing unit and to confirm the effectiveness of closure activities. . 6.1 Sampling and Analysis Plan All closure plans must include a sampling and analysis plan. Sampling and analysis plans should specifyprocedures which ensure that sample collection, handling, and analysiswill 

### result in data of sufficient quality to plan and evaluate closure activities at the facility. Sampling and analysisplans should be designed to define the nature, degree and extent ofcontamination at and from the closing unit to the fullest extent possible. The level of detail in the sampling and analysis plan should be commensurate with the complexity of conditions at the closing unit. Sampling and analysis plans must include information necessary to insure proper planning and implementation ofsampling activities. All sampling and analysisplans should include the following information and rationale for each selection: 

# • (1) (2) (3) (4) 

### A statement of the purpose and' objectives of the data collection; Organization and responsibilities for the sampling and analysis activities; Project schedule; General information on selection of types ofsamples needed (i.e., grab or composite), and amount ofsamples to be analyzed;



# • (5) General information on selection ofsampling locations and method used to determine where the sampling will occur; (6) Specificsampling approach and methods, including: Sampling locations and a unique ill number for each location; Protocols for sample labeling and chain of custody; Procedures for installation of sampling devices; Procedures for sample collection and handling; Procedures for personnel and equipment decontamination;

Sampling and Analysis for Clean Closure 29

### Procedures for the management of waste materials generated by (.-/ sampling activities;

../ Description and number of quality assurance and quality control samples, including blanks and duplicates; Provisions for splitting samples, when appropriate; and Confirmational sampling to demonstrate clean closure. (6) Sampling and analysisprocedures to confirmdecontamination of tanks and concrete containment systems and other media or equipment (if

### required). (7) Procedures for analysis ofsamples and reporting of results, including: Selection of a laboratory; Identification andjustification ofparameters to be sampled and analyzed; Physical and chemical properties of the wastes to be sampled; Analytical techniques and procedures; Detection or quantitation limits; Quality assurance and quality control procedures; and
Data reporting procedures and, where appropriate, data validation procedures.
6.2 

### Designing a Sampling Program 

### Sampling programs should be designed to determine the probable maximum horizontal and vertical extent ofcontamination at and from the closing unit. At the end.of the closure process, additional sampling is typicallyrequired to confirm clean closure levels have been achieved. When designing a sampling program, facilityowner/operators should consider area-wide sampling, focused sampling, and sampling for hot spots. Knowledge of past management practices at the facility should help.determine which type of sampling is the most appropriate. In 

### many cases, a, 

### combination of sampling techniques will

### be required, for example, area-wide sampling of a closing unit could be combined with focused sampling at the location of a known release. Each type ofsampling is discussed briefly in this guidance. Facility owner/operators are encouraged to rely on Ecology'sSampling and 

# o

30 

### Sampling and Analysis for Clean Closure

# •

•

• DataAnalysisIssuesforEcology Staffto Considerin ReviewingIndependentRemediation Reports 

### (available September, 1994) for specific guidance on the preparation of sampling programs. For additional information on sampling, facilityowner/operators may consult U.S. EPA (1986b), U. S. EPA (1984), and Schweitzer, et al, 

### (1984).
6.2.1 Area-Wide Sampling 

### During area-wide sampling, an imaginary sampling grid, three-dimensional if

### necessary, is imposed over the area to be sampled. The area to be sampled must encompass the closing unit and the maximum extent of any releases from the closirig unit. Each node of the grid is a sampling locationwith an assigned number. Area-wide sampling is appropriate when the spatial distnbution ofcontamination at orfrom the closing unit is uncertain. Variations ofarea-wide sampling include random and systematic sampling. In 

### these variations, only certain nodes in the grid are sampled. For random sampling, a computer can be used to choose each sample location randomly from the nodes on the grid. For systematic sampling, a repetitive pattern of sampling is established such that, for example, every fifth node on the grid is sampled.
6.2.2 Focused Sampling



### .Focused sampling involves selective sampling ofareas where contamination is 

### expected or releases have been documented. Focused sampling should be conducted, in addition to grid sampling, where there is evidence of leaks or spills or potential for a dangerous waste constituent to migrate. Focused sampling could involvelinear sampling along a drainage-way, boundary, or other lineardimension. Likely areas for focused sampling include, but are not limited to:

. (1) Containers, 

### tanks, waste piles, or any other units (such as ancillarypipes) in contactwith soil; (2) Below any sumps orvalves;

. (3) Load or unload areas; (4)· Storage units with underlying pavements or concrete that appears to be cracked orbroken; 

### and (5) Areas receiving runoffor discharge from dangerous waste

.management

. units, such as a ditch, a swale, or the discharge point down gradient from a pipe.

Sampling and Analysis for Clean Closure 

### 31

### Evidence for additional areas of focused sampling could include:

, , 

### (1) Visual or olfactory evidence ofcontamination including evidence based on direct reading field instrumentation or field test kits; (2) Knowledge, such as reports by employees, inspectors, or others, that releases have or may have occurred; (3) Length oftime the unit has been in existence; (4) Entries into the unit operating record; and (5) Soil gas surveys or soil borings.
For small units where there is documentation ofthe extent ofcontamination, Ecology may approve use offocused sampling exclusive of grid sampling. 6.2.3 Sampling for Hot 

### Spots
Hot spots (or small patches ofhigher-level contamination) may be encountered during, area-wide orfocused sampling. If

### hot spots are encountered or suspected, sampling programs can be designed to delineate their size and location. The intensity ofsampling for hot spots will 

### depend·on the anticipated size and/or number ofhot spots. Detailed 

# C' information on designing sampling plans for detection and characterization ofhot spots can be found in Gilbert (1987). 6.3 Sampling to Determine or Confinn Clean Closure 

### The area-wide approach outlined above isgenerally appropriate for sampling to determine or confirm that clean closure levels are achieved. The sampling grid used to determine or confirm clean closure should overlay contaminated areas discovered during' the initial sampling at the unit.

. If 

### a sample collected duringclosure confirmation exceeds the cleanup standard, then the area represented by the sample (subunit) will 

### be considered to exceed cleanup standards and additional actions will 

### be required. These additional actions could include removal ofmedia followed by additional confirmational sampling, and/or additional sampling, or statistical analysis at the subunit or across the entire closing unit.
6.4 Statistical Guidelines 

### Ecology will typically make decisions regarding clean closure by direct comparison of sampling data to the site specific clean closurelevels. If

### contamination at or from the closing unit is widespread, Ecology may require that the Statistical Guidance for Ecology Site.Mangers (1992) be used to confirm that clean closure levels have been achieved. 

# ()

32 

### Sampling and Analysis for Clean Closure

# • When a background comparison is used to determine cleanup levels, then the Statistical Guidance for Ecology Site Managers (1992) or an equivalent method must be used to confirm that clean closure levels have been achieved.
For more information on statistical analysis, facilityowner/operators can consult U. S. EPA (1986b) and Schweitzer, et al. (1984). 6.5 SoilSampling During Closure 

### The following soil sampling considerations are specific to the closure process. Facility owner/operators are encouraged to rely on Ecology'sSampling andDataAnalysisIssues for Ecology Staffto Considerin ReviewingIndependentRemediation Reports 

### (available September, 1994) and U.S. EPA (1989b) formore detailed guidance on soil sampling. 6.5.1 Soil Sampling Under Structures 

### Soil sampling locations at a closing unit will typicallybelocated over structures as well as exposed soil. When sampling points (including sampling points determined by the grid system for area-wide sampling) overlay structures, Ecology may require the underlying soil be' sampled. Soil samplingunder structures should generally be conducted after cleaning and decontamination of the structure but before the structure is removed. Sampling of soilsunder structures will be done through holes bored in the overlying structure, if

### possible. For example, samples of soil overlain by concrete should be collected through holes bored in 

### the concrete. Sampling under structures must be conducted in a mannerwhich minimizes disturbance to the underlying soil. After any structure is removed, Ecology may inspect the underlying soil. Areas under documented spills and areas susceptible to releases will 

### receive close scrutiny. Additional sampling and testing may be required if

### there are indications ofdiscolored soil, the presence of wet areas, volatile emissions detected on field detection equipment; odor, or other signs of potential contamination. 6.5.2 Soil Sampling atVarious Depths 

### Ecology may require soil sampling atvarious depths to determine the extent of contamination. The intervals for sampling soil at various depths may be dependent on several factors, including: i.



### (1) Soil type and permeability; (2) Suspected magnitude of surface contamination; (3) Physical state ofthe waste and its mobility; 

# • (4) Groundwater level;

Sampling and Analysis for Clean Closure 33

### (5) (6) 

### Length oftime waste was present at the site; and Relative toxicity ofthe waste. If

### surface samples demonstrate contamination, then sampling must be conducted at depth intervals to determine

### the extent of contamination.
6.6 Groundwater Monitoring During Closure In the event of confirmed or potential soilcontamination, groundwater monitoring may also be required to demonstrate or confirm clean closure. Groundwater monitoring may be required for any dangerous waste management unit, 

### including those not subject to a regulatory requirement for groundwater monitoring under WAC 173-303-645 (e.g., a container storage unit). If

### the closing unit is 

### already subject to ground water monitoring requirements, the well location, frequency of sampling, or constituents for groundwater sampling may be modified during and/or after closure activities, as necessary, to.verify that clean closure levels have been achieved. The duration and frequency of groundwater monitoring necessary to verify clean closure 

### Will be determined by Ecology on a case-by-case. basis taking into account hydrogeologic conditions, waste

. characteristics, and other relevant factors.

When groundwater is 

### contaminated, post-closure care willgenerally be required.
For additional information on sampling and evaluating groundwater, facility 

# 0 owner/operators are encouraged to refer to Ecology's Sampling andDataAnalysisIssues forEcology Staffto Consider in ReviewingIndependentRemediation Reports 

### (available**~eptember,** 

### 1994) and U.S. EPA (1988). 6.7 Selection ofConstituents to be 

### Analyzed The data developed to support clean closure certifications and other closure decisions must be ofsufficient quality to withstand any scientific and/or legal challenges. An 

### overview of analytical considerations is

### provided in this section. For additional information, Facility owner/operators may consult Ecology's Guidelines and Specifications for Preparing QualityAssurance Plans 

### issued in 1991, document number 91-16. Selection ofthe proper analytical constituents must reflect current and historic operations at the facility and closing unit. Certification ofclean closure must consider all 

### dangerous waste constituents generated ormanaged at the facility and within individual units at the facility; however, the closure process can often be expedited through use ofindicator constituents. Indicator constituents are constituents proposed by the facility owner/operator and approved by Ecology as representative of the wastes managed at the closing unit and their degradation products. To recommend indicator constituents; the facility owner/operator must first conduct relatively broad-based sampling and analysis to gather information on conditions at the closing unit; therefore, the closing unit should 

# ()

34 Sampling and Analysis for Clean Closure

# • first be sampled for the full 

### suite'ofdangerous waste constituents generated ormanaged at the facility. For some units, this may include all the constituents listed in Appendix 

### IX of 40 CFR 264 

### and/or WAC 173-303-9905. Facility owner/operators should base their recommendations ofindicator constituents on knowledge of the facility and closing unit and the results ofthe broad-based sampling discussed above. In most cases, indicator constituents will be those constituents which are most likely to have been released at or from the unit. For example, soil underlying an F006 surface impoundment mightbe analyzed for 1,1,1,-trichloroethane, a solvent likely to be used at a plating facility in addition to constituents common to the listed F006 waste; or; soil at a unit used to manage chlorinated solvents might also be analyzed for vinyl chloride, a common breakdown product ofchlorinated solvents. When reviewing and approving indicator constituents, Ecology willconsiderthe following: (1) The toxicological 

### characteristic ofthe constituents that influence its ability to adversely affect human health or the environment relative to the concentration ofthe constituent at the closing unit; (2). The chemical and physical characteristics of the constituentwhich govern its tendency to persist in the environment; 

# • (3) 

### The chemical and physical characteristics of the constituentwhich govern its tendency to move into and through environmental media;



# •• (4) The natural background concentrations of the constituent; (5) The thoroughness oftesting for the constituentat the closin.g unit; (6) The frequency that the constituent has been detected at the closing unit; and (7) Degradation by-products ofthe constituent. 6.8 Approved Analytical Methods Samples should be analyzed consistent with methods appropriate for the facility, the media being analyzed, the dangerous constituents being analyzed for, and the anticipated use of the data. Ecology may require or approve modification to the standard analytical methods identified below to provide lower quantitation limits, 

### improved accuracy, and/or

.greater precision. All 

### analytical procedures should be conducted in accordance with an 

### Ecology approved sampling and analysis plan, as discussed in Section 6 of this guidance. The methods used 

### for. sample collection; sample preservation, transportation, allowable time before analysis, sample preparation, analysis, method detection limits, practical

Sampling and Analysis for Clean Closure 35

### quantitation limits, quality control, quality assurance;

### and other technical requirements ( "j 

### and specifications must comply with the requirements of the following standard methods ./ as applicable:
TestMethodsfor EvaluatingSolid Waste, Physical ChemicalMethods, 

### Third Edition, US EPA, SW-846 and any revisions or amendments thereto; Methodsfor ChemicalAnalysis ofWaterand Wastes, 

# u.s. EPA, EPA-600/4-79-020 and any revisions or amendments thereto; StandardMethodsfor the Examination ofWater and Wastewater, 

### ASTM American Public HealthAssociation, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation and any revisions or amendments thereto. SW-846 methods should be used to determine contaminant concentrations in soil and solid waste. Any ofthe referenced methods may be used to determine contaminant concentrations in groundwater. Analyses for which methods have not been specified in this section should be performed usingstandard methods or procedures such as those specified by the ASTM when available.
6.9 Multiple Analytical Methods 

### When more than one of the approved methods specified in subsection 6.8 ofthis 

# C guidance has a practical quantitation limit less than the cleanup standard, any ofthe methods may be selected. When selecting a particularmethod, facility owner/operators should consider confidence in the data, analytical costs, quality assurance, and analytical efficiencies. Ecology may require an analysis be conducted by more than one method if

### there is a reasonable concern about the quality ofthe data generated by a particularmethod. -6.10 Quality 

### Assurance and Quality 

### Control Requirements During closure activities, samples must be collected and analyzed with sufficient quality assurance and quality control (QNQC) 

### procedures to ensure representative and reliable results. The validity of both sampling techniques and laboratory analyticalprocedures must be assured so that the data from sampling activities can be used to accurately assess the presence or absence ofcontamination at the closing unit. Formore information on QNQC

### requirements, please refer to Ecology's Guidelines andSpecifications for Preparing

. QualityAssurancePlans 

### issued in 1991, document number 91-16. Additional information

on field documentation and chain-of-custody can be found in U.S. EPA (1986a).

I 

### + I I 

### 36 Sampling and Analysis for Clean Closure

# •

•

• 6.10.1 Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control
A field notebook must be maintained by the person conducting closure. The person conducting closure should use the field notebook to record times, dates, and locations of all samples, including 

### QNQCblanks, as well as daily events, observations, field measurements, and any other applicable information obtained during the field activities. All entries should be made in ink, signed, and dated. Photographs shouldbe taken of each sampling location and ofall unusual circumstances encountered during closure activities.
Field 

### QNQCmay'.also include.collection ofspecific types ofsamples designed to monitor sampling technique and/or field conditions. Field blanks, equipmentblanks, and/or transportation blanks can be used to check for contaminationfrom field conditions, equipment, and/or transportation respectively. Field duplicates can be collected to check the precision ofthe sample collection and/or the procedures conducted at the laboratory.
Field notebooks and photographs should be kept for a minimum offive years to help reconstruct sampling procedures and to aid, ifnecessary, in legal testimony.
6.10.2 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control
All samples taken to document compliance with closure requirements should be submitted to a laboratory accredited under Chapter 173-50 WAC. A listing ofaccredited laboratories is included as Appendix 1. Updated lists may be obtained by contacting Ecology's Manchester Environmental Laboratory at (206) 871-8800. Quality assurance/quality control requirements associated with approved analytical methods include analysis ofcheck standards, duplicate samples, spike samples, and method blanks. Check standards are used to estimate the precision ofthe analytical method. Duplicate analyses ofsamples are used to check the precision ofinstrument

. and the sample preparation. Spikes are used to test for bias due to matrix interference. Method blanks are used to check for laboratory contamination. Such 

### QNQCshould be routinely run because they provide information for interpreting the accuracy, precision,

.. and detection capabilities ofthe analytical procedures used. 

### As discussed in section 2.1 of this guidance, specific 

### QNQCmethods and activities must be detailed in the closure plan. Facility owner/operators conducting clean closure must obtain the 

### QNQCresults run with each batch of analyses from the laboratory and must save the 

### QNQCresults with other closure documentation·for a minimum of five years. 6.11 Data Quality Objectives Facility owner/operators should consider data quality objectives before conducting any sampling activity. Data quality objectives are statements of the precision, bias,**.~;'**

Sampling and Analysis for Clean Closure 37

### representativeness, completeness, and comparability ofthe data necessary for the data to 

# COo'/ serve the objectives ofthe project. Guidance on.data quality objectives can be found in / 

### Ecology's Guidelines andSpecificationsfor PreparingQualitjAssuranceProject Plans, 1991, 

### document number 91-16.
6.U Practical Quantitation Limits 

### Laboratories must achieve the lowest practical quantitation limits (PQL) consistentwith the selected analytical method; however, Ecology recognizes that there may be situations where a dangerous waste constituent is not 

### detected or is detected at a concentration' below the POL of the chosen analytical method. In 

### situations where the clean closure level is less than the POL, Ecology mayrequire one ormore of the following: (1) Use of surrogate measures ofcontamination; (2) Use or development of specialized sample collection or analysis techniques to improve the method detection limit or PQL; and/or (3) Additional sampling to assure that the concentrations ofdangerous constituents does not exceed detectable levels. If, 

### after alternatives have been exhausted, the PQLis stillhigher than the clean closure .level for the constituent, Ecology may, based on site-specific considerations and depending on the POL, consider the PQL to be the clean closure level. If

### Ecology uses a PQL as a clean closure level, the clean closed unit may be referred to the Toxics Cleanup Program for the periodic review discussed in WAC 173-340-707(2). 

# o

(

38 

### Sampling and Analysis for Clean Closure

# •

•

• 7.0 CLOSURE TIME LINE
The dangerous waste regulations prescribe specificregulatory time frames for the closure process. These regulatory time frames were promulgated at the federal level to ensure that closures begin and are completedin a timelymanner. Ecology recognizes that many facilities maybe unable to meet the specific time frames articulated in the closure regulations; however, we believe that using time lines and time limits to drive the closure process is

### vital to timely completion of closure activities. Facility owner/operators who have reason to believe, when developing their closure plans, that the closure time frames articulated in the regulations are inappropriate for theirunit and/or facility are encouraged to propose alternative time frames for Ecology review and approval in accordance with the provisions discussed below. 7.1 Closure Notification Facility owner/operators are required to notify Ecologyprior to beginning closure activities. Closure notification is required so Ecology can ensure that the facility has an approved closure plan and that closure proceeds in accordance with applicable regulations. For facilityowner/operators without approved closure plans, the closure notification triggers Ecology review and approval of the closure plan in accordance with the procedures discussed in section 2.2 of this guidance. Facility owner/operators with approved closure plans (this will include most final status facilities, since the closure plan would have been reviewed and approved as part of final permit issuance) must notify Ecology at least sixty (60) days prior to the date on which they plan to begin closure activities at a surface impoundment, waste pile, land treatment, or landfill unit and at least forty-five (45) daysprior to the date on which they plan to begin closure activities at a facility with.onlytreatment or storage tanks, container storage, incinerator and/orboilerand industrial furnace units. . Facility owner/operators whose closure plans have not yet been reviewed and approved by Ecology (this will 

### include most facilities operating under interim status) must notify Ecology and.submit a copy oftheir closure plan at least onehundred and eighty (180) days prior to the date by whichthey expect to begin closure at a surface impoundment, waste pile, land treatment, or landfill unit and forty five (45) days prior to "thatdate they expect to begin closure at a facility with onlytreatment or storagetanks, container storage, incinerator and/orboiler and industrial furnace units. The date which a facility owner/operator expects to begin closure must be either: (1) .Within thirty 

### (30) days of the date on which any dangerous waste

. management unit receives the known finalvolume ofdangerous waste or, if there is a reasonable possibilitythat the dangerous waste management unit will receive additional dangerous wastes, no later than one year after the

Closure Time Line 

### 39- date on which the unit received the most recent volume ofdangerous waste; or (2) For landfills, land treatment units, or surface impoundments which have been given approval to receive non-dangerous waste in accordance with WAC 173-303-610(4)(d) and (e) or 40 CFR §265.113(d) and (e) as referenced by WAC 173-303-400(3), thirty (30) days from the date on which the unit received the known final volume ofnon-dangerous waste or, ifthere is a reasonable possibility that the unitwillreceive additional nondangerous waste, no later than one year after the date on which the unit received the most recent volume ofnon-dangerous waste.

- Ecology may require a facility owner/operator to initiate closure activities. IfEcology requires an interim status facility owner/operator to begin closure activities, the owner/operator must submita closure plan to Ecology for review and approval no later than fifteen (15) days after termination ofinterim status or issuance of ajudicial decree or final order to cease receiving dangerous wastes and close, see 40 CFR § 265.1l3(d)(3) as referenced by WAC 173-303-400(3). At permitted facilities, Ecologywill impose requirements to initiate closure activities in accordance with the provisions for permit modification orrevocation orreissuance at WAC 173-303-830(3) orthe provisions for permit termination at WAC 173-303-806(12).
7.2 Time Allowed for Closure Facility owner/operators are allowed ninety (90) days from the date a closing dangerous waste management unit received the final volume ofwaste or ninety (90) days from the date Ecology approves the facility/unit' closure plan (whichever is later) to remove all dangerous wastes from the closing unit in accordance with the Ecology approved closure plan. Facility owner/operators are allowed an additional ninety (90) days (for a total of 180 days) to complete closure activities in accordance with the approved closure plan. The time allowed for closure is referred to as the "closure period."
7.3 Additional TimeAllowed for Closure Ecology may approve additional time for closure in two circumstances: (1) Closure activities will, ofnecessity, require additional time to complete (referred to as "extension ofclosure"); or (2) The closing unit has capacity to receive additional dangerous waste or the closing unit is a landfill, land treatment, or surface impoundment unit which has capacity to receive additional non-dangerous waste and complies with WAC 173-303-61O(4)(d) and (e) or 40 

### CPR § 265.113(d) and (e) as referenced by

_ WAC 173-303-400 (referred to as "delay of closure"). 

# c

40 Closure Time Line

# •

•

• Many facility owner/operators may foresee, when preparing closure plans, that closure activities will, of necessity, take longer than 180 days to complete or that the closing unit will receive additionaldangerous or non-dangerous waste. Ifthis is the case, facility owner/operators may submit appropriate documentation and request additional time for closure period in the closure plan. Provided the documentation is sufficient, Ecology may approve additional time for closure when approving the closure plan.
At a minimum;all requests for extensions or delays to the closure period should be made in accordance with the procedures discussed below and should be submitted at least thirty (30)days before the deadline for which the extension or delay is requested.
7.3.1 Extension ofClosure
In order for Ecology to approve an extension to the closure period, the facility

.owner/operator must demonstrate that closure activities will, ofnecessity, take additional time to complete. Ecology will determine, on a case-by-case basis, circumstances which constitute a "necessity" for extension; however, Ecology would likely consider extensions associated with required analytical work, scheduling ofequipment and personnel, or inclementweather conditions (e.g., frozen ground could prevent sampling) as necessary. In addition to demonstrating that the extension is necessary, the facility owner/operator must show that he/she has taken and will continue to take all steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment. At permitted facilities, the demonstration must also 'include documentation of compliance with all applicable permit conditions and the facility owner/operator must comply with all applicable requirements for modification of the permit. Final status facility owner/operators should refer to WAC 173-303- 61O(4)(a)(i) for an extension to the closure period for additional time**~~** remove waste and/or WAC 173-303;.610(4)(b)(i) for extension ofthe closure period for additional time to complete remaining closure activities. Owner/operators of facilities operating under interim status, should refer to 40 CFR § 265.113(a)(I)(i) and (b)(I)(i) as referenced by WAC 

### i73-303-400(3). 7.3.2 Delay ofClosnre
In orderfor Ecology to approve a delay ofclosure, the facility owner/operator must demonstrate that the closing unit has capacity to receive additional dangerous or nondangerous wastes', that there is reasonable likelihood operation ofthe unit will recommence within one year, and closure ofthe unit would be incompatible with continued operation ofthe facility. Ecology will review and approve requests for delays of closure on a case-by-case basis. As an example, Ecology would likely approve a delay of closure if a facility owner/operator could demonstrate that the unit subject to closure was not in operation because the waste stream managed at the closing unit is generated by a process shut down for extended maintenance, the extended maintenance willtake

4 Delay of closure for units to receive additional non-hazardous waste is only available for landfills, land treatment units, and surface impoundments.

Closure Time Line 41

### less than one year, and the process, when restarted, will 

### generate the same dangerous 

# C
waste stream. The facility owner/operatormust also demonstrate thathe/she has taken / and will 

### continue to take all 

### steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment. At permitted facilities, the demonstration must include documentation of compliance with all 

### applicable permit conditions and the facility owner/operatormust comply with all applicable requirements for modification of the permit. Final status facilityowner/operators should refer to WAC 173-303-61O(4)(a)(ii) and WAC 173-303- 610(4)(b)(ii). Owner/operators of facilitiesoperating under interim status should refer to 40 CFR § 

### 265.113(a)(1)(ii) and (b)(l)(ii) as referenced by WAC 173-303-400(3). ForEcology to approve a delay of closure for a landfill, land treatment unit, or surface impoundment to receive additional non-dangerous waste, the final status facility 'owner/operator must also comply with WAC 173-303-61O(4)(d) and (e). The owner/operators ofa facility operating underinterim status must also comply with 40 .

.CFR § 

### 265.113(d) and (e) as referenced byWAC 173-303-400(3). Delays of closure to

allow a landfill, land treatment unit, or surface impoundmentto receive additional non- . hazardous waste are considered class two dangerous waste permit modifications and must conform with the associated requirements for review and approval, including public notice and a 60-day public comment period.
7.4 

### Closure Certification Within sixty (60) days ofcompletion of closure activities at each dangerous waste 

# C management unit and within sixty (60) days ofcompletion of final facility closure, the

. facilityowner/operator must submit a closure certification to Ecology. The closure certification must be sent to Ecology byregistered mail and must certifythat the dangerous waste management unit orfacility was closed in accordance with the requirements and specifications of the approved closure plan. The closure certification must be signed by the facilityowner/operator and signed and stamped by an

."independent qualified registered professional engineer". Documentation supporting the

closure certification must be provided to Ecology on request. At a 

### minimum, Ecology will 

### typicallyrequire the followingdocumentation and information to support a clean closure certification: (1) All 

### field notes related to closure activities;

SEcology defines·"independentqualified registered professional engineer" as, "a person who is licensed. by the state ofWashington, or a state which has reciprocity with the state of Washington as defined in RCW 18.43.100, and who is not an employee ofthe owneroroperator of the facility for which construction or modification certification is required. A qualified professional engineer is an engineerwith 

# C.\. ; expertise in the specific area for whichcertification is given." See WAC 173-303-Q40. ./



### 42 Closure 

### Time Line

# • (2) A description of any minor deviations from the approved closure plan and justificationfor these deviations";



# •

• (3) Documentation ofthe final disposition ofall 

### dangerous wastes and dangerous waste residues, includingcontaminated media, debris, and all treatment residuals; (4) All laboratory and/or field data, including qualityassurance/quality control data, for all 

### samples and measurements, including samples and measurementstaken to determine background conditions and/orto determine or confirmclean closure; and (5) A summary report which itemizes the data reviewed by the independent, qualified, registered, professional engineer and tabulates the analytical results of samples taken to determine and/or confirm clean closure.
7.5 Closure Verification 

### Ecologywill 

### verify closure certifications by reviewing the information submitted to support the certification, the facility closure plan, any documentation or information generated by Ecology during oversight of closure activities (e.g., inspection reports), and other pertinent information and documentation. If

### Ecology accepts the closure certification, Ecology will inform the facilityowner/operator ofthe acceptance in writing.
In 

### some cases, Ecology may be unable to verify the certification of closure and, therefore, unable to accept the closure certification. Typically, these cases will 

### involve units/facilities at which groundwater contamination was discovered during closure activitiesor units/facilities whose owner/operators did not keep the records and other documentation necessary for Ecology to verify a closure certification. In 

### such cases, Ecology may require additional groundwater or other sampling and monitoring to verify the closure certification or mayrequire the facility owner/operator to submit an application for a post-closure permit. If

### sampling and/ormonitoring isrequired, ECology will extend the closure period to cover the time period of the required monitoring, and the closure certificationwill 

### not be accepted until the facility owner/operator has completed the required activities.

6Mostdeviations from an approved closure plan are SUbject to prior Ecology review and approval in accordance with the provisions for amending closure plans,.see section 3.3 of this guidance.



### Closure Time Line 43

# •

•

• 8.0 REFERENCES
American Public Health Association, American WaterWorks Association and Water

. Pollution Control Federation, Standard Methods for the Examination ofWater and Wastewater. American Standard Testing Methods, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Gilbert, R.O., 1987, Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY, 320 pp. Schweitzer, G.E., and 

### I.A Santolucito, 1984,Environmental Sampling for Hazardous Wastes, ACS Symposium Series No. 267, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. u.S. EPA, 1985, Guide for Decontaminating BuildingsStructures and Equipment at Superfund Sites, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, 600/2-85/028, March 1985. U.S. EPA, 1986(a), Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Vol. 1 (Lab Manual), EPA OSWER SW-846,Third Edition and Subsequent Updates. U.S. EPA 1986(b), Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Vol. 2,EPA OSWER SW846,Third Edition and Subsequent Updates

. u.S. EPA, 1988,Methods for Evaluating the Attainment ofCleanup StandardsVolume 2: Groundwater. Draft 2.0, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. u.S. EPA, 1989(a), Methods for Evaluating the Attainment ofCleanup StandardsVolume 1: Soils and Solid Media, EPA 230/02-89-042, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Policy, Planning, aridEvaluation, Washington, D.C. u.S. EPA 1989(b), Soil Sampling Quality Assurance, EPA 600/8-89/046, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring SystemLaboratory, Los Vegas, NV. 

### u.S. EPA, Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures forthe Analysis ofPollutants Under the Clean Water Act, 40 CFR 136, and Appendices A, B, and C. u.S. EPA, Methods for Chemical Analysis ofWater and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020. Washington State Department of Ecology, 1991, Guidelines and Specifications for Preparing Quality Assurance Plans, Environmental Investigation and Laboratory Service Program, Washington State Department of Ecology, Document 91-16.

References 45

### Washington State Department of Ecology, 1992, Statistical Guidance· for Ecology Site 

# C· j



### . Managers, ToxicsCleanup Program, Document 92-054. j



# o

( 't j



### 46 References

# •

•

• Appendix 1 OrderForm for OtherEcology Documents

# •

•

• Department ofEcology Hazardous Waste andToxics Reduction Program
PUBUCATIONS
Thefollowingpublications arefrom theHazardous Waste andTaxies Reduction Program. To receive your free copy simply call (206) 407-7472.

An 

### Evaluation ofAtypical Hazardous Waste: BackgroundDocument to the Washington StateHazardous Waste Plan, #92-60 Saatypicalwastestreams areexaminedto determinehowthe state canbestregulatethese 

### wastes. Atypicalwastes were selectedas thosewhicharebothalready addressedby other federal and stateprograms, and are state hazardous waste.


### Biological Testing Methods, #DOE 80-12 Describes the Static Acute Fish Toxicity Test and the Acute Oral Rat Toxicity Test. These tests were developed to be used to determine whether a waste meets the state definitionofa dangerous waste. Containstesting procedure guidelines including how to calculate results. 

### CarcinogensRegulatedUndertheDangerousWaste Regulations

. This memo lists the carcinogens thathavebeen identifiedas having sufficientorlimited evidence as a human and/or animal carcinogen by both the !ARC and the 

### U.S. EPA. Chemicals are listedby their CAS number. 

### CertificationGuidelines Theseguidelines establish the procedures to be followed for obtaining, maintaining, and withdrawing a Certificate ofDesignation. This voluntary certificate establishes the appropriate designation status for solid wastes.



### ... ChlorinatedSolvents: A Guideto EvaluationAlternativesforVaporDegreasers andCold Cleaning Operations, #93-BR-02 This guideprovides a detailedcleaning alternatives chart, emissions controlinformation and otherprocess, cleaning and pre-eleaning suggestions to reduce solventuse. 

### Choosing an AnalyticalLaboratoryforDangerous Waste Testing. Informationto helpgenerators asktherightquestionsin choosing an analyticallab to test samples to determine whether or not your waste designate as hazardous wastes. 

### Clean Closure Guidance, #F-HW1W-94-144

1

### Cost Analysis forPollutionPrevention, #R-HWTR-93-129**C-~** A guidance document that can help compare the total costs ofa.current process to the ./ total costs ofa pollutionprevention alternativeby using the netpresent value.



### Creosote-TreatedWood ExcludedfromRegulation

### as a Dangerous Waste Discussion ofEcology's decision to exclude certain creosote treated wood wastes from the Dangerous Waste Regulations. Outlines the special cases when the exclusion does and does not apply. 

### TheDangerous WastePennitProcess, #9O-BR-15 Pamphlet outlining the six steps to permitting a hazardous waste facility. Includes information source list. 

### Dangerous WasteRegulations: ·CodeReviser #92-91 

### .1994 update ofcodes. 

### Dangerous WasteRegulations, Chapter 173-303 

### WAC, #92-91 This revisionincludes the rule amendments adoptedinJanuary. An index and glossary havebeen·added. 

### Discussion 

### Paperon Used Oil Guidanceto clarify when

### 'regulations apply, whattherequirements are forthe regulation 

# c.
and management ofused oil, specifically requirements regarding burning used oil for energy recovery, and answers to some common questions. 

### Discussion 

### Paperon Used OilBurned in 

### Space Heaters, September 1990 This document explains the current state used oil regulations, and answers specific questions on burning used oil in space heaters. 

### Discussion on the Toxicity CharacteristicRule, #90-64


### Do the Right Thing 

### Study: Background Document to the Washington'State Hazardous .Waste Plan, #92-58

. This report was designed to provide 

### abasis for estimating future waste reduction potential to be used in the Needs Assessment for Washington. Nine individual waste streams were studied to identify current practices, determine the best management for these wastes, to ascertain the potentialofachieving this management, and to understand all the barriers to achievement. 

### Dry Cleaners- Fact Sheet#5 Pollutionprevention information for the industry.

2

# C~)

# •

• EffectiveDate ofthe 9O-Day Storage (Accumulation) Requirement, TIM #82-5

. Clarification of the storage time requirements for generators of hazardous waste, specifically addressing "unknown" wastes. Emergency Planning 

### and Community Right to Know, #93-BR-ol Employee WaSte ReductionPoster Empty Pesticide ContainerDisposal, #92-BR-8· Guidance for Growers and CommercialApplicators
Floor Drains 

### andWasteDon'tMix, #94-117 This short publication gives information on why floor drains should be'sealed, and outlines steps to follow that will keep existing drains from polluting the environment.
Focus: "Counting" Exemption forRecycledUsed Antifreeze This three'page guidance document lists the best management practices.required for participationin the pilotproject. A sample form 

### is included for logging yourantifreeze recycling.
Focus: Haurdous Waste ReductionAct, #91-111 An overview'ofthe goals andprogramsputin placeby the Hazardous WasteReduction Act covering Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention Plans, the Hazardous Waste· Education Fee, business 'andindustry technical assistance, and local government grants are covered.
Focus: Hazardous WastelMaterials Transportation, #F-SHW-93-123, This short document tells which vehicles are regulated as transporters of hazardous materials, the responsible agencies and contact numbers for questions.
Focus: NoiseRule Amendments, #F-HWTR-94-141' Solicitingpublic commenton proposed noise rule amendments designed to incorporate three rules into one for simplification.
Focus: Proposed Amendmentto the WoodAsh Exclusion.#FHWTR-94-138 FOCUS sheetdetailstheregulatoryexclusionforwood ash wastewhichdesignates solely because ofcorrosivity (high pH.)Focus: Used Oil Dumping Ban, #F-93-123 Explanation of the ban on landfill disposal of used oil. Recycling of used oil is encouraged, disposal is discouraged because it causes environmental damage.
Focus: Used Shop Towels, #92-116 This focus sheet provides guidance on ways to handle shop towels that become contaminated with hazardous solvents.



### 3Focus: PollutionPreventionPlanningRequirements, #92-117 

# C--j An outlinefor Hazardous WastePollutionPreventionPlans that includes informationon /' who mustprepare a plan, what information to submit, when plans are due, and.how to get questions answered.
Focus: Treatment-Specif"IC Guidance: Solidif"lCation,#F-HWTR-93-132
Focus: Treatment-Specif"IC Guidance: Filtration, #F-HWTR-93-131
Focus: TreatDlent-Specific Guidance: Separation, #F-1IWTa-93-135
Focus: Treatment-SpecirlC Guidance: Carbon Adsorption, #F-HWTR-93-133
Focus: Treatment-Specif"IC Guidance: Evaporation, #F-HWI'R-93-134
Focus: Treatment-Specif"IC Guidance: Elementary Neutralization, #F-HWrR-93-130
Focus: WashingtonStateDangerous WasteRegulatoryReformPrOject, #F-HWrR-94-143 This FOCUS Sheet describes the background, goals and implementation strategy ofa currentproject that will identifypossible changes to the Dangerous Waste Regulations. GuidanceforReporting Progress 

### in PollutionPrevention, #93-38 This guide contains six worksheets to help facilities prepare required annual progress 

# C reports as partofthe pollutionprevention planning aridimplementationprocess. .

,GuideforAssessing and

### CertifyingTankSystems StoringandTreatingDangerousWaste,

.

#94-114
Hazardous Materials Transportation Guidefor Carriers This guide is designed to simplify rules governing transport ofhazardous materials. Includes a step-by-step checklist for transporters and shippers.
Hazardous Waste Annual Report Summary, #92-89
Hazardous WasteDo's andDon'ts These guides offerindustry specificguidelineswith directanswers about how'to manage. the wastes generatedby theseindustries: DryCleaning#9

## i-12c, Electroplating #91-12g, and Pesticide Application#91-12d

.. Hazardous WaStePesticides Determining if Your Pesticide Waste is 

## a "Hazardous Waste" and Pesticide Waste Reduction Guidance

4

# •

•

• Hazardous WasteRegulatory Alert: Update on Used OilFilters, 10/91 

### Iriterim guidance which recommends that 

### used oil filters should be 

### punctured and drained, orcrushed, and segregated fromotherwastes. Describedconditionsunderwhich they may berecycled or disposed. Leasing Equipment

### for PollutionPrevention, 

### #93-BR-04 This information sheet provides guidelines for leasing pollution prevention equipment, and includes a list ofleasing companies. 

### LegislativeBriefsheet:ReducingHWandHazardousSubstances

### inWashington,#B-HWTR94-140 Management 

### and Disposal 

### of Asbestos 

### Wastes Under the State's Dangerous Waste Regulatiom Describes the conditions under which asbestos wastes maybeexemptfrom regulation as hazardous 

### waste. Includes an information source list.
Needs Assessment 

### for Washington: Background Document to the Washington State Hazardous Waste Plan, 

### #92-59 This 

### reportexamines past and future hazardous waste management. Trends are used to projectwastegeneration. Futuredemand for hazardous waste storageis projected with an analysis ofimpacts ofmoderate riskwastes, regulatory changes, clean-up wastes and out-of state wastes. Commercial capacity needs are examined under three possible scenarios, each with its own implications. 

### Now Your Company 

### can Save 

### Two Things 

### at Once, 

### #93-BR-09 Pamphletexplains how wastereductionprotects theplanetandyourbottomline. Includes where to go and who to.call for help. 

### On-SiteDajJ)ation: A Guide

### for Choosing 

### andOperating an On-SiteDistillationUnit 

### #94-31 This guide 

### is designed to. help businesses in reclaiming solvent wastes. It includes: questions to 

### ask vendors, a cost-benefit analysis guide and information on regulatory compliance.

. 

### PollutionPreventionPlanning GuidanceManual, 

### #91-2 This manual is designed to guide planners through the calculations and reporting requirements to preparepollution preventionplans. Itincludes an overview ofthe state law, planningrequirementsand due dates and theplanreviewcycle. Nineteenworksheets are provided which include all the information required in the plans, the extensive 

### appendix can be used as a reference

.



### 5PollutionPrevention in the Fn1it Packing and StorageIndustry, #94-56

.**C·~.** This technical assistance document identifies usable ideas related to cost incentives, ---' pollutionprevention, and waste management availableto the FruitPacking and Storage Industry, SIC code 0723. PollutionPrevention in the Fn1it andVegetable Food

### Processing Industry, #94:-52 This technical assistance document identifies usable ideas related to cost incentives, pollutionprevention, and waste management available to the Fruit and Vegetable Food Processing Industry, SIC code 0727. 

### Property PurclIase andHazardous Waste Recommendations for the State Hazardous Waste Plan: Background Document to the

. Washington

### StateHazardous Waste 

### Plan, #92-61

. This report is the culmination of 1989-91· effort by the State Solid Waste Advisory Committee on Hazardous Waste Planning. Drawing on three other research reports preparedby the samebody. Recommendationsinclude; maximizing the hazardous waste management priorities, addressing the states' need for additional hazardous waste managementfacilities,regulationsimprovements,informationcollectiongoals, and public education strategies. Recovering Heat Energy While Burning Dangerous Waste: The Regulatory Status of 

### a "Unit.", Pub. #94-85 

# 0 Technical IriformationMemorandumwith updatedguidanceon the status of"units" that recover heatenergy from burning dangerous waste. Reducing**,H~zardous** Waste and Haozardous Substances in Washington: 1992 Annual 

### Progress Report, # 93-103 In 1992 307 state facilities which generate hazardous.waste submitted their 

### required pollutionpreventionplans. Thisreportsummarizestheresultsofannualprogressreports from these facilities. Ecology's technical assistance activities and an industry specific stafflistis included. ReducingHazardeus Waste: WasteReduction Guide for the ElectroplatingIndustry This guideoffers industry specific waste reductiontechniques for specific wastes types,

. including: plating baths, sludge, spent solvents, paintwastes and wastewater

. Regulation ofDangerous Wastes Being Recycled, #91-46, Revised February, 1994 This guidance document

### is designed to help generators determine ifa recycling activity involving hazardous materials is regulated under Washington State Dangerous Waste Regulations.



### 6 

# C)

# •

•

• Regulatory Impediment Study: A Report on Impediments to Waste Reduction and Recycling 

### inStateDangerous WasteRules, #93-16 This study addresses and offers solutions to the conflicting regulations contained in the hazardous waste hierarchy and the dangerous waste rules. A plan for implementing 

### six 

### key recommendations 

### is included. Regulationof·Used

### Antifreeze·, TIM #90-1 An interpretationofthe existing regulatory statusofusedantifreeze as a dangerous waste with briefguidance for generators, transporters, recyclers and treatment, storage or disposal facilities dealing with used antifreei:e. Responsiveness Summary: Amendments 

### to the

### WoodAshExclusion, #94-40 Responsiveness Summary: Amendments to theDangerous WasteRegulations, #94-40 Siting Criteria Guidance

. Guidance on "DemonstrationofCompliancefor the SitingofLand-Based and Non LandbasedHazardous Waste ManagementFacilities" and "Demonstration ofNet Increase in Protection UnderWashington's Hazardous Waste Siting Criteria." Stepby Step: Fact Sheets forHazardous Waste Generators, #91-12 Packet of ten 

### easyto use guidelines and a glossary to.help answer all your hazardous waste management questions. Our most popularpublication.
Success Stories

. These stories outline the waste reduction and recycling successes ofstate businesses. Each storyexamineshow one business developed and implemented successful strategies. Auto Body Restoration and

### Painting Chemical

### Manufacturing MetalRecovery Aids Compliance Recycling Cuts Discharge VaporDegreaserAlternative Success Stories Volume I,

# n and

# m Washington businesses share their experiences with pollution prevention planning. Summary Report Automotive ·Shop Sweep" Campaign, #94-05 This reports summarizes findings from the 1992 "Shop Sweeps" short assistance visits made to over 1,700 automotive repair shops in the state. The unique attributes ofthe campaign are examined, including the approach and goals. Findings are analyzed and include detailed comments from participants and recommendations.



### 7

### Toner Cartridges
Treatmentby GeDerators, 

### TIM # 

### 86-3 Guidance on 'how generators of hazardous waste may treat these wastes on-site, in accumulation tanks orcontainers, withouta dangerous wastetreatmentpermit. Includes background information, how to proceed, general standards and Ecology contactlist. 

### WashingtonStateHazardous Waste Plan: 

### 1994 Update This document reviews Ecology"s ongoing and 

### future activities and their impact on

, hazardous waste generators. 

### WashingtonStateToxic Release Inventory: SummaryReport, 1991 and 1992, #94-91A 

### The secondannual summaryoftoxic chemicalreportforms submittedby manufacturing facilities inWashington State. 

### WashingtonStateToxic Release Inventory: Public Data 

### Release, 1991 and 1992, #94-9IB Companion document to the 

### Washington Stille Toxic Release Inventory: Summary Report. Summary ofinformation submittedby manufacturing facilities in Washington. 

# ·

,

# C~

Waste ReductionInYour

### BUsiness, #89-56 This manual 

### is designed as a tool"to help businesses reduce that amount ofwaste they produce. It includes worksheets and checklists and explains: the benefits of waste reduction; how to startaprogram; howto conductan audit; Howto evaluateoptions and 

# C"
who to call for assistance.


### Waste Reduction for Vehicle Maintenance 

### Shops, #92-107 This guide offers industry specific waste reduction techniques for specific wastes types, including: solvent wastes, hot tank wastes, used antifreeze, used oil, oil filters, spent batteries, shop rags, refrigerant, steam cleaning, wastewater. 

### YourHome, 

### YourHealth 

### andPesticides SafeHandling and Disposal ofHome-UsePesticides 

### You're Invited: PollutionPreventionNetworks, 

### #92-BR-23 Invitation tojoin a list ofarea pollution prevention networks. Describes who members are, what's on the agenda and why to participate. 

### 1995 Dangerous Waste Annual,ReportForms InstmctionBook, #94-107A 

### 1995 Dangerous Waste AnnualReport Guidebookand Codes, #94-107B



### 8 

# ()I

.

I

# •

•

• Appendix 2 List of EcologyAccredited Labs

# '. •

ENVIROHENTAL LABORATORIES ACCREDITED**~y** THE**~ASHINGTON** DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY
As of August 4, 1994 

# ••

This Is a list of the labs accredited by the Washington Department of Ecology as of the date above. An "X" In a column at the right Indicates the lab Is accredited for specific parameters In a general category. Refer to the last page for the category codes. If you need specific Information on the parameters or methods for which a lab Is accredited, contact the leb and ask for the Information or a copy·of the lab'a Scope of Accreditation. Call the Ecology QA Section at (206) 895-4649 for general Information.

LAN LAB NAME ADDRESS CITY ST ZIP CONTACT TELEPHONE CI CII 01 011 R M B S



### --- 

## ----- 

# - C150 A and BLabs 1643 Federal Road Houston TX 77015 Lela Walker (713) 453-6060 X X X X C078 AAA Superior Lab S 16924 Curtis Road Cheney lolA 99004 Cheryl Blake (509) 448-1740 X X X C045 ACZ Laboratories, Inc 30400 Downhill Drive Steamboat Springs CO 80487 Bradley Craig (303) 879-6590 X X X X X 

### '

..-ioez Anco Products Co -Cherry Point··

. P.O.-Box 8100,·**~'.** .,'.-.. "'. .\ .. Blaine lolA 98230 Greoor.y Gehrman '.. .(206).371-1182 X X
..' "

..··x C162 ATEC Associates 5150 E. 65th Street Indianapolis IN 46220 Caprice Sims Beardon (317) 849-4990 X X X X M033 Aberdeen Wastewater Treatment Plant

. 1205 W. State Street Aberdeen lolA 98520 JimBarkman (206) 533-4100 X X C093 Advanced Analytical Services E 1514 SpragueAvenue Spokane lolA 99202 Lane Crandall (800) 366-8596 X X 1002 Advanced Silicon. Materials, Inc. 3322 County Road "N" NE, po Box 1667 Moses Lake WA 98837 David Livingston (509) 766-9341 X M142 Alblon'Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 38, 310 FStreet Albion lolA 99102 Kenneth Smith (509) 332-5095 X C015 Alchem Laboratories, Inc. 104 West 31st Street· Boise. 10 83714 Suzanne Howell (208) 336-1172 X X X M083 Alderbrook Inn water Treatment Plant E7101 HWy 106 Union lolA 98592 Gregory Rae (206) 437-2798 x M052 Alderwood Wastewater Treatment Plant 6315 Picnic Point Road Ednonds lolA 98026 Roger Gorham (206) 787-1940 X X C091 Alta Analytical Laboratory, Inc 5070 Robert J. Mathews Parkway, STE 2 El Dorado Hills CA 95630 Sharon Pierson (916)933-1640 X 1026 Aluminum Company of America PO Box 221, 6200 Malaga Highway Wenatchee lolA 98801 Harvey F. Hillegass (509) 663-9206 X X X C029 AmTest, Inc. 14603 NE 87th St Redmond lolA 98052 Mark Fuglel (206) 885-1664 X X X X X X C152 American Analytical services, Inc. 8220 - 7th Avenue South Seattle lolA 98108 Mark Perin (206) 762-7599 X X X M037 AnacortesWastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 547, 500 TAvenue Anacortes lolA 98221 Rebecca Fox (206) 299-0953' X X C190 AnalySys, Incorporated 4221 Freldrlch Lane, STE 190 Austin TX 78744 Hopkins Haden (512) 444-5896 )( )( )( C038 Analytical Resources, Inc. 333 Ninth Ave North Seattle WA 98109 Michelle Turner (206) 621-6490 X X X X X )( X C154 Analytical Services Corp. 16406 US 224 East Findlay OH 45840 Anne Sidney (419) 425-6054 . X X X X C086 Analytical Technologies (Fort Collin 225 Commerce Drive Fort Collins co 80524 Polly Brogan-Paley (800)443-1511 X )( X X X C125 Analytical Technologies (Phoenix) 9830 S 51st St, STE B-113 Phoenix AZ 85044 Bob Hermerath (602) 496-4400 X X X X C026 Analytical .Technologles (Renton) 560 Naches Ave SW, Suite 101 .Renton lolA 98056 Lorraine Davis (206) 228-8335 X X X X X C010 Analytical Technologies (SanDiego) 5550 Morehouse Dr SanDiego CA 92121 Patricia Schroder (619) 458-9141 X X X X C110 Anametrix 1961 Concourse Drive, STE E San Jose CA 95131 Larry Kent (408) 432-8192 X X X X C126 Anatek Labs 1917 South Main Moscow 10 83843 Mike Pearson (208) 883-2839 X X X C064 Aqua Test, Incorporated 28620 Maple Valley Road S.E. Maple Valley lolA 98038 LindaMount (206) 432-9360 X X COB9 Aquatic Environmental Sciences 644 OldEaglemount Road Port Townsend lolA 98368 Ken Brooks (206) 732-4464 X C019 Aquatic Research 3927 Aurora Ave N Seattle lolA 98109 Steve lazoff (206) 632-2715 X X MOB6 Arlington Wastewater Treatment Plant 3d&Olympia Ave Arlington lolA 98223 Bruce Schlagel (206) 435-3811 X X M131 Asotin Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 517 Asotin lolA 99402 Steven Weldon (509) 243-4187 X X C143 Avocet Environmental Testing 1500 North State Street Bellingham lolA 98225 Joann Ernst (206) 734-9033 X X X X

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# --- ----- - C102 B&P Laboratories 5635 Delridge Way SW Seattle WA 98106 Victor Broto (206) 937-3644 X X 1071 Baker Commodities PO Box 58368, 5795 South 130th Place Seattle WA 98138 Jerry Stevens (206) 243-7387 X X C043 Battelle Marine Research Labs 1529 West Sequim Bay Road Sequim WA 98382 Eric Crecelius (206) 683-4151 X X X C041 Battelle NWL Chem Measurements Lab P.O. Box 999, Bldg 329, MS P8-08 Richland WA 99352 Kristine Kuhl-Klinger (509) 372-0398 X X ·X C117 Beak Aquatic Bioassay Services 12931 NE 126th Place Kirkland WA 98034 Charles Wisdom (206) 823-6919 X C133 Beak Consultants Blotestlng Lab 14Abacus Road BraJ11)ton ON L6T 5 Emilia Jonczyk (416) 794-2325 X 1054 Beatrice Cheese Inc. 1515 Puyallup St. Sumner WA 98390 James Lee II (206) 863-3857 X X M022 Bellingham Wastewater Treatment Plan 200 McKenzie St Bellingham WA 98225 Julie Hirsch (206) 676-7689 X X M132 Benton City Wastewater Treatment PIa PO Box 70, 708 9th Street Benton WA 99320 Blaine Church (509) 588-3322 X X M133 Benton-Franklin Health Dist Labs 506 McKenzie Richland WA 99352 Dave Miller (509) 943·2614 X X M172 Bingen Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 607, 112 NAsh Bingen WA 98605 Ken Miles (509) 493-1348 X X "'--C-100··BioassaY··Tcllting Services,

--.,' ,·..**·8455-,··S··19~hi'·Suite,121\ -~.**  ' -'

.. - -·' •.**~-,Tacoma.···"** ",",' ., ..**1~1\,.98465-,Chr~s,Getchell** . ."',:(206.)_565-5492,**.",~.,** .....".. ". ','" -"'.'

....X,.· C073 Bloconsultants, Inc. 2897 152nd Avenue NE Redmond WA 98052 JohnMajnarlch (206) 869-4224 X X M106 Birch Bay Water and Sewer District 7096 Pt. Whitehorn Blaine WA 98230 Steve Hovde (206) 371-2400 X X M076 Blaine Wastewater Treatment Plant 1200 Yew Avenue Blaine WA 98230 Jill Parker (206) 371-5549 X X 1035 Boeing Commercial Airplane (Renton)

. Boeing N Fld, Box 3707, MS 63-01 Seattle WA 98124 JoyceNelson (206) 965-1403 X X X C187 Boeing Company (Huntsville) 499Boalng Blvd, Mail Stop JW-66 Huntsville AL 35824 Harold Cole (205) 461-2916 X X X X 1041 Boeing Defense andSpace Group (Kent PO Box 3999, MS 8J-55 Seattle WA 98124 Peter Welckmann (206) 544-1224 X X X )( 1010**B~elng** Everett QA Lab Boeing N Fld, Box 3707, MS 04-02 Seattle WA 98124 Mike O'Bryant (206) 342-8050 X X X 1015 Boise Cascada Corp (Steilacoom) 4302 Chambers Creek Rd Steilacoom WA 98388 Molly Hemmen (206) 588-2115 X 1008 Boise Cascade Corp (Wallula) PO Box 500

.Wallula WA 99363 Dennis Ross (509) 546-3417 X 1018 Boise Cascade PaperDiv (Vancouver) PO Box 690 Vancouver WA 98666 Fredrick A. Weber (206) 690-7000 X 1086 Boundary Powerhouse Wastewater Treat P.O. Box 507 Metaline Falls WA 99153 Jerry Evans (509) 446-3083 X C166 Braun Intertec 6875 Washington Avenue South,' PO Box Minneapolis MN 55439 LouiseOgden (612) 942-4814 X X M043 Bremerton Wastewater Treatment Plant 1600 Oyster Bay Rd Bremerton WA 98312 Jackie Horton (206)**479~4646** X X M011 Bremerton/Kltsap Cty HealthDept Lab 109 Austin Drive Bremerton WA 98312 Jesusa Magdamit (206) 478-5285 X M088 BrewsterWastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 340, 14 South Third Street Brewster WA 98812 Lynn Lawson (509) 689-3464 X X M097 Bridgeport Westewater Treatment Plan PO Box 640 , Bridgeport WA 98813 Bruce PLimpton (509) 686-5653 X X M095 Buckley Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box D, 600 STP Ave Buckley WA 98327 Al Wolfe (206) 829-1734 X X C021**~urlington** Environmental Corporate L 955 Powell Avenue, SW Renton WA·98055 Kathy Kreps (206) 227-6100 X X X X C136 CANVIRO Analytical Laboratories Ltd Unit #12 - 50 Bathurst Drive Waterloo ON N2V 2 Dale Sutherland (519) 747-2575 X C142 CCI Laboratories 3229 Pine Street Everett WA 98201 Chuck Rancatti (206) 258·4548 X X X C036 'CH2H Hill (Corvallis) 2300 NW Walnut Blvd Corvallis OR 97339 Hike Stanaway (503) 752-4271 X II AD03 CWU Chemistry Department Central Washington University Ellensburg WA 98926 CLInt Duncan (509) 963-2811 X H162,Camas**Wastewate~** Treatment Plant PO Box 1055, 616NE 4th Ave Camas WA 98607 louis Nichols (206) 834·3263 X X .1076Camrln Environmental Laboratory 2801 SW Florida St Seattle WA 98126 Sal Regala (206) 933-1013 X X X C049,Cascade Analytical, Inc. 3019 GS Center Road Wenatchee WA 98801 Laura Mrachek (509) 662-1888 X X X M091 Cashmere Wastewater Treatment Plant 101 Woodring St Cashmere WA 98815 Charlie Cruickshank (509) 782-3513 X

.. X M137 Castle Rock Wastewater Treatment PIa PO Box 370, 118 Cummings Street SW Castle Rock WA 98611 David Vorse (206) 274-6986 X X M115, Cathlamet Wastewater Treatment Plant 100 Main Street Cathlamet WA 98612 Tony Schmidt (206) 795·8032 X X


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# - - - S009 Cedar Creek Corrections Center PO Box 37, 1 Bordeaux Road SW Littlerock WA 98556 Ed Burns (206) 664-0718 X X M013 Central Kltsap Plant Lab 12350 St. Hwy. 303NE Poulsbo WA 98370 Craig Hanson (206) 779-7720 X X X 1031 Centralia Mining Company 1015 Big Hanaford Rd Centralia WA 98531 Edward Kapello (206) 736-2831 X X M038 Centralia Wastewater Treatment Plant 1401 Mellen St Centralia WA 98531 Denise Lehmann (206) 736-2853 X X C022 Century Testing Labs P.O. Box 1174, 1444 NW College Way Bend OR 97701 Mel Lindbeck (503) 382-6432 X X X X C101 Chadwick &Associates, Inc. 5575 S Sycamore St, STE 101 Littleton CO 80120 Darrln Dentin (303) 794-5530 X M047 Chehalis Wastewater Treatment Plant P.O. Box 871, 1191 Shoreline Or. ChehalIs WA 98532 WilliamPounds (206) 748-0238 X X M066 Chelen Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 1669 Chelan WA 98816 Al Merchant (509) 682-2211 X X M110 Chewelah Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 258 Chewelah WA 99109 Gordon Stevenson (509) 935-8311 X 1047 Circuit Technology, Inc. 12226 - 134th Court NE Rednond WA 98052 Todd Kirkendall (206) 881-3477 X X S008 Clallam Bay Corrections Ctr P.O. Box 5000, Charley CreekRoad ClallamBay WA 98326 James Maneval (206) 963-3294 X X

.M056'ClalllJmBay/Sekiu-Water Treatment-Pl·· ,·PO

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_ ......"......·x. -.,**~."'"** M204 Clarkston Wastewater Treatment Plant Clarkston City Hall, 830 Fifth St Clarkston WA 99403 Dorian Larson (509) 758-1674 X X M074 Cle Elum Wastewater Treatment Plant 301 PennsylvaniaAve Cle Elum WA 98922 Robert Morrell (509) 674-2262 X X C070 CoffeyLaboratories 12423 NE Whitaker Way Portland OR 97230 Victor Perry (503) 254-1794 X X X X X H177 ColtonWastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 157 Colton WA 99113 Bill Frye (509) 224-3874 X 1006 Columbia Aluminum Co 85 JohnDay Dam Rd Goldendale WA 98620 Stan Casswell (509) 773-7350 X X X X C052 Columbia Analytical Svcs (Bothell) 18912 N. Creek Parkway, STE 118 Bothell WA 98011 Colin Elliott (206) 486-6983 X X C001 Columbia Analytical Svcs (Kelso) P.O. Box 479, 1317 South 13th Ave. Kelso WA 98626 Lawrence Jacoby (206) 577-7222 X X X X X X C135 Columbia Aquatic Sciences 6060 Corte del Cedro Carlsbad CA 92009 F.C. "Skip" Newton (619) 931·9225 X C083 Columbla/Blo Medical Laboratories 7131 W. Grandrldge Blvd. Kennewick WA 99336 Marden Kohler (509) 736-1111 X X H075 Colville Wastewater Treatment Plant 170 SOak Colville WA 99114 Ralph Lane (509) 684-2244 X X S004 Consolidated Support Services PO Box 500, Lakeland Village #1 STP Medical Lake WA 99022 Steve Holden (509) 299-4678 X C072 Corelaboratories (Aurora) 10703 East Bethany Drive Aurora CO 80014 LindaBenkers (303) 751-1780 X X X X M069 Coupeville Wastewater Treatment Plan PO Box 725 Coupeville WA 98239 Harold Dill (206) 678-6695 X X M016 CowlitzWater Pollution Control Plan 207 - 4th Ave N Kelso WA 98626 Don Hultgren (206) 577-3127 X .X C194 Crescent Bar Resort 8894 Crescent BarRd NW Quincy WA 98848 Jim Hoersch (509) 787-1511 X C138 Curtis andThompkins Ltd. 2323 - 5th Street Berkeley CA 94710 Kathy O'Brien (510) 486-0900 X X X X C128 D&M Labs P.O. Box 808024 Petaluma CA 94975 Mary Janney (707) 763-8245 X X X X 1045 Daishowa America Corp P.O. Box 271 Port Angeles WA 98362 Peter Williams (206) 452-0668 X C127 DataChem Laboratories 960 West LeVoy Drive Salt Lake City UT 84123 Don Lewis (801) 266-7700 X X X X X M160 Deer ParkWastewater Treatment Plant PO Box F, East 316Crawford Deer Park WA 99006 Mark Lewis (509) 276-8802 X S002 Department of Fisheries Water Quallt P.O. Box 43154 Olympia WA 98504 Jennifer Shefler SCAN 902-2503 X H070 Douglas County Sewer District #1 PO Box 7129, 1050 Sunset Highway East Wenatchee WA 98802 JimRobins (509) 884-1283 X X C096 EA Engineering Science &Technology 19 Loveton Circle Sparks HD 21152 Cameron Soulis (410) 771-4920 X X X X C170 ENSECO

- Somerset 2200 Cottontail Lane Somerset .NJ 08873 George Gatlin 908-469-5800 X X X X C090 ENSECO-Rocky Mountain Analytical 4955 Yarrow St. Arvada CO 80002 Carl Craig (303) 421-6611 X X X X C164 ENSECO-Wadsworth/Alert Labs ·450 WilliamPitt Way PIttsburg PA 15238 Connie Schussler (412) 826-5477 X X C066 ENSR C&E Houston Environmental Toxic 10161 Harwln, Suite 150 Houston TX 77036 Deanna Duke. (713) 272-7444 X C053 ENSR Consulting and Engineering 1716 Heath Parkway Fort Collins CO 80524 DavidPillard (303) 493-8878 X X Page 3LAN LAB NAME ADDRESS CITY ST ZIP CONTACT TELEPHONE CI CII 01 011 R M B S



# --- ----- - ·C046 EVS Consultants, Inc 200 W Mercer St., Ste 403 Seattle WA 98119 Margot Daykin (206) 217-9337 K K A002 EWU. Limnology Laboratory 260 Hall of Sciences, MS 72 Cheney ( WA 99004 Ray Soltero (509) 359-2532 K K C105 EcoTek 3342 Int'l pk Dr, SE Atlanta GA 30316 Leslie Papa. (404) 244-0827 K C063 Ecology andEnvironment, Inc. 4285 Genesee St. Cheektowaga NY 14225 Ray Piccione (716) 631-0360 K X K X M009 Edmonds Wastewater Treatment Plant 250 5th Ave N Ednonds .WA 98020 Tina Higman (206) 771-0220 K K 1055 Eka Nobel, Inc. 2701 Rd N - NE Moses Lake WA 98837 Gene Hanson (509) 765-6400 K K 1009 Elf Atochem North America 2901 TaylorWay Tacoma WA. 98421 Warren Fisk (206) 596-6841 K X X M026 Ellensburg Wastewater Treatment Plan 420 NPearl St Ellensburg WA 98926 Irma Grogan (509) 962-7269 X X M173 Endicott**~astewater** Treatment Plant PO Box 418 Endicott WA 99125 Dan Larson (509) 657-3314 X**MO~5** Entiat Wastewater Treatment Plant P.O. Box 228, 1947 Lakeshore Drive. Entiat WA 98822 Roger Mickelson (509) 784-1224 X X 'M004 Enumclaw Wastewater Treatment Plant 2041 Railroad Street Enumclaw WA 98022 Bing Baslm (206) 825-1115 X X

.C·124 Envi**ro~ntal"Se-lence·llnd·Engiheerin·** . 890:r**N·'lndustr~al,·** Road· ..·.···• ··p.eor.!**a",~.'**..-=··",. >-It. 61615 Lettie Schmitt 

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... ,., C109 Environmental Testing andCertiflcat 320Tesconl Circle Santa Rosa CA 95401 BarbaraBowman (707) 544-5570 X X X X M085 Ephrata Wastewater Treatment Plant 121 Alder Street SW Ephrata WA 98823 Paul Wasko (509) 754-2992 X X C098 Eureka Laboratories 6790 Florin Perkins Rd. Sacramento CA 95826 Steve Leung (916) 381-7953 X X X X X M020 Everett Environmental Laboratory 3200 Cedar St. Everett WA 98201 Robert Waddle (206) 259-8819 X X X M028 Federal Way Water &Sewer Dlst (Lako PO Box 4249, 3203 SW Dash Pt Rd Federal Way WA 98023 Melanie May (206) 874-8200 X X M114 Ferndale Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 936, 5405. Ferndale Road Ferndale WA 98248 Jerry Leuenberger (206) 384-4607 X X 1083 Fleischmann's Yeast Co. (Sumner) PO Box 488, 1115 Zehnder Street Sumner WA 98390 Ed Walter (206) 863-6311 X M007 ForksWastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 1998 Forks WA 98331 Dan Wahlgren (206) 374-3124 K C080 Friedman &Bruya 3012 16th Avenue West Seatt le WA 98119 Bradley T. Benson (206) 285-8282 X X X C199 GT Environmental Laboratories - wlch 4211 May Street Wichita KS 67209.John Sattler (316) 945-2624 X X X X C054 GT Environmental Labs (Concord) 4080 Pike Lane Concord CA 94520 Ilona Taunton (510) 685-7852 X X X X 1051 General Chemical Corporation

. 655 North Texas Anacortes WA 98221 Bill Black (206) 293-2171 X 1013 Georgia-Pacific Corp (Bellingham) PO Box 1236, 300W. Laurel Street Bellingham WA 98227 Jerry Price (206) 676-7263 X X M175 Gig**H~rbor** Wastewater Treatment Plan PO Box 145, 4216 Harborvlew Dr. Gig Harbor WA 98335 Bill Irey (206) 851-8999 X x C173 Golden State/CAS Labs 6925 Canoga Avenue. Canoga Park CA 91303 Gene Bennett (818) 587-5550 X X X X M060 Goldendale**~astewater** Treatment Plan PO Box 69 Goldendale WA 98620 James Brokaw (509) m-3788 X X M196 Grand Coulee-Electric City WTp PO Box 180, USSR (Grand CouleeDam) 11. Grand Coulee WA 99133 Darrel Fleischman (509) 633-2503 X X M118 Grandview Wastewater Treatment Plant 207West Second St. Grandview WA 98930 Dave Lorenz (509) 882-9215 X X M094 Granger Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 1100, East "A" Street Granger

.WA 98932 Catherine Warrington (509) 854-2770 X X M120 Granite Falls Wastewater Treatment 11. PO Box 1440, 500 W. Wallace Granite Falls WA 98252 Bruce Hays (206) 691-7432 X X 1019 Grays Harbor Paper, L.p. 801 23rd Street Hoquiam WA 98550 Ron Lutzvlck (206) 538-5613 X X M170 Harstene pt Wsstewater Treatment Pia PO Box 578 Shelton WA 98584 Tom Moore (206) 427-9670 X X C134 Hart Crowser Chemistry Lab 1910 FairviewAve E Seattle WA 98102 Jack Herndon (206) 324-9530 X X C149 Heritage Labs 7901 West Morris Street Indianapolis IN 46231 Curtis Beck (317) 243-8304 X X X X M021 Hoquiam Wastewater Treatment Plant 609 8th St Hoquiam WA 98550 Larry Erickson (206) 532-5700 X X C094 Hughes Analytical Lab 21920 NE Glisan Gresham OR 97030 Renee Chauvin (503) 669-3745 X '; 1085 IBP, Inc. PO Box 4239, Dodd Road Pasco WA 99302 Mohammed Rezaee (509) 547-7545 X C059 IML (Bozeman) 1160 Research Drive Bozeman MT 59715 Jack Felkey (800) 828-1413 X X X X


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...>,. -s: (509) 468-5487 X (206) 591-0450 X (509) 927-6070 X X (206) 673-2550 X (206) 673-4570 X (509) 586-4181 X (509) 738-2449 X (206) 895-2440 X (509) 968-3255 X (206) 263-3335 X (206) 334-5539 X (509) 763-3580 X (206) 767-5060 X X X X (509) 248-4695 X (404) 421-3324 X X X X (509) 548-5994 X (206) 748-9121 X (509) 928-6123 X (509) 677-3241 X (702) 361-1626 X X X X X (206) 425-1550 X (509) 233-8132 X (206) 437-2798 X (206) 354-0633 X (206) 775-1971 X (916) 852-6600 X X X X (206) 684-2412 X (206) 684-2413 X X CA 90701 NasreenDeRubles MO 63045 Jim Kleszczewskl TN 37923 Mary Tyler IlA 99004 Mohammed IkranJddln IlA 99212 Rick fink IlA 99216 Dano Cummings**~A** 98225 Thomas Storch WA 98248 Mark Lytle WA 98607 Mike Elder**~A** 98607Dwight Eastey WA,98339 Glenn.Gately.. , .,-'..."- WA 99021 Pat Hampton WA 98421 Bob Wheaton WA 99215 Mike Piotrowski WA 98625 Kate Dugas WA 98625 Pete Poulson WA 99336 Michael Smith WA 99141 Johnle Pitman WA 98366 Mark Morgan**~A** 98934 Vern Aliemand**~A** 98668Bill Michaud**~A** 98205 Rick 'Lewellen WA 98826 Kent**~atson ~A**  98108 Harry Romberg WA 98902 Tamls Root GA 30144 Dale Darley WA 98826 Bill Russ WA 98532 Ellen Dodds**~A** 99019Dan Grogg WA 99341 Norman Waddell NV 89119 Sevda Aleckson WA 98632 Henry Rakoz WA 99148 Jean Russel WA 98365 Bob Thurston WA 98264 larry Zima**~A** 98046Don Davis CA 95670 Cheryl Matterson**~A** 98116 Richard finger WA 98055 Richard finger 

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# - - C034 IT Analytical Services (Austin) 5307 Industrial Oaks Blvd, STE 160 Austin TX 78735· ALice Clark-Wusterhause (512) 892-6684 C114 ITAnalytical Services (Cerritos) 17605 fabrlca Way Cerritos C116 ITAnalytical Svcs (Earth City) 13715 Rider Trail North . Earth City C092 ITAS Special Analysis Laboratory 304 Directors Orlve Knoxville C130 Igal Labs 111 College Ave. Cheney 1038 Inland Empire Paper Co N 3320 Argonne Rd Spokane C065 Inland Environmental Laboratories Spokane Ind'l Pk, S-19, E16810 Euclid Spokane A006 Institute for WatershedStudies M.S. 9069,**~uxley** College, WesternWa Bellingham 1028 Intalco Aluminum Corporation .PO Box 937, 4050Mountain View Road ferndale 1024 James River CorpCamas Mill N.E. 4th &Adams Streets Camas 1029 James River Corp Environmental Svcs 904**N~** Drake Street Camas**""1~063'Jefferson** County WaterQual·!-t,y-!:-llb .:"",p,0.·90)('·1220·

... ,.',.-, '" '.,POr.t.Hlldlock" 1034 Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical (Mead) E2111 Hawthorne Rd Mead 1039 Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical (Tacoma 3400 Taylor Way Tacoma 1014 Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical (Trentw PO Box 15108, E 15000 Euclid Ave Spokane 1011 Kalama Chemical Company 1296 NW Third Kalama M158 Kalama**~astewater** Treatment Plant PO Box 1007, 206 Hendrickson Drive Kalama M044 Kennewick Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 6108, 416 N. Kingwood Street Kennewick 1064 Kettle falls Generating Station Lab Hgwy 395N and Peachcrest, P.O. Box 60 Kettle falls MOSS Kltsap County Sewer Dlst #5 1165 Beach Drive Port Orchard M099 Kittitas**~astewater** Treatment Plant PO Box 719 Kittitas M143 La Center Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 8900 Vancouver M157 Lake Stevens Sewer Dlst 9327 - 4th Street NE, 500 Sunnyside BEverett M197 Lake Wenatchee WTP 21251 State Hwy 209, PO Box 1231 Lake Wenatchee C030 Loucks Testing Labs (Seattle) 940 So Harney St Seattle C132 laucks Testing Labs (Yakima) 1106 Ledwlch Yakima C107 Law Environmental National Labs 112Town Park Drive Kennesaw M154 Leavenworth Wastewater Treatment Pln PO Box 287, 1400 Commerlcal Street Leavenworth M078 Lewis County Health Dept. PO Box 706 Chehalis H068 Liberty Lake Sewer Dlst #1 PO Box 184, N. 1925 HarvardRoad Liberty Lake M165 LindWastewater Treatment Plant PO Box f Lind C084 lockheed Analytical Services 975 Kelly Johnson Drive las Vegas 1017 Longview fibre Company PO Box 639 Longview. M089 Loon Lake Sewer District #4 PO Box 98 Loon Lake M072 Ludlow Sewer (Pope Resources) 8481 Oak Bay Road Port Ludlow M096 Lynden Wastewater Treatment Plant 323 front Street Lynden M006 Lynnwood Wastewater Tmnt Plant 19100 44th Ave W(PO Box 5008) Lynnwood C048 MBT Environmental Laboratories 3083 GoldCanol Drive Rancho Cordova M046 METRO (Alkl) Wastewater Treatment Pl 3380 Beach Dr SW Seattle M041 METRO (Renton) Wastewater Treatment 1200 Monster Rd, SW Renton Page 5**_._----~~** --**~-~-** ------ -----

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# --- 

# ----- - - - M035 METRO (Uest Point) Uater Treatment P 821 2dAve Seattle UA 98104 Teresa Schoonejans (206) 689-3811 X X M008 METRO Environmental Labs 322UEwing ) Seattle UA 98119 George Perry (206) 684-2399 X X X X X X X M058 Mabton Uastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 655 Mabton UA 98935 Uayne Beeman (509) 894-4096 X X S001 Manchester Environmental Lab 7411 Beach Drive East Manchester UA 98353 Bill Kammln (206) 871-8801 X X X X X X X M080 Marysville Uastewater Treatment Plan 514 Delta Avenue Marysville WA 98270 Dale Thayer (206) 659-7643 X X M039 Mason County Uater Quality Lab P.O. Box 1666 Shelton UA 98584 Carol Spaulding (206) 427-9670 X X C057 Materials Testing &Consulting P.O. Box 309, 1729 Britt Mount Vernon WA 98273 Lawrence Henderson (206) 757-1400 X X X X M073 Messenger House Nursing Home 10861 Manitou Park BlvdNE Bainbridge Island WA 98110 Mike Boyce (206) 842-2654 X X M019 Midway Sewer District PO Box 3487 Kent UA 98032 John Hura (206) 824-2760 X X M054 Miller Creek Uastewater Treatment Pl 1015 SU 174th St "ormandy Park Seattle UA 98166 Tim Yokers (206) 244-2202 X X 1063 Milne Fruit Products Inc 804 Bennett Avenue Prosser UA '99350 Carman McKinney (509) 786-2611 X 1-1191**~Iontesano** ·\Jostewater"·Treotmcnt-Plant-·-

..·112··MalnStreet II. ,....1-30h·Stilte.·Route·,.Montesano..·

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.. M151 Morton Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 1089, 250 E. Main Street Morton WA 98356 Mike Tiller (206) 496-5287 X X M100 Moses Lake Uastewater Treatment Plan PO Box 1579, 1808 U. Lakeside Drive Moses Lake WA 98837 Richard Leishman (509) 766-9229 X M164 Mossyrock Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 96 Mossyrock WA. 98564 ClayAnderson (206) 983-3300 X X M003 Mount Vernon Wastewater Tmnt Plant 1401 Britt Rd Mount Vernon WA 98273 Bill Fullner (206) 336-6219 X X M186 Moxee Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 249, 7412 Postma Road Moxee WA 98936 Laura Henley (509) 575-8853 X X C097 NCA

- Portland 9405 SU Nimbus Ave. Beaverton OR 97005 Dennis Wells (503) 481-9200 X X X X C137 NET Pacific 17400 SU Upper Boones Ferry Rd, STE 2 Portland OR 97224 TabathaBrochu (503) 624-5449 X X X X M101 Naches Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 95 Naches WA 98937 Donald Gosnell, Jr. (509) 653-2881 X X C012 National Chem Lab P.O. Box 635,' 103 12th SU Ephrata WA 98823 Jim Blanchard (509) 754-5725 X X X X M159 Newport Uastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 546, S 200 Washington Ave Newport WA 99156 Ray King (509) 447-5611 X X F002 Nisqually Natural Resources WQ Lab 12501 Yelm Highway SE OlYJ1llia UA 98513 Tom Connor (206) 438-8687 . X M134 North Bend Wastewater Treatment Plan PO Box 896, 400 N. Bend Blvd. North Bend WA 98045 Douglas Repp (206) 888-0282 X X M084 North Bonnevllle'Wastewater Treatmen PO Box 7 North Bonneville WA 98639 Ray Hays (509) 427-8200 X X C008 North Creek Analytical (Bothell) 18939 120th Ave NE, Suite 101 Bothell WA 98011 DennisUells (206) 481-9200 X X X X X X X C147 North Creek Analytical (Spokane) E 11115 Montgomery, STE B Spokane WA 99206 Scott Armand (509) 924-9200 X X X C042 Northwestern Aquatic Sciences PO Box 1437 Newport OR 97365 Richard Caldwell (503) 265-7225 X C169 Nytest Environmental, Inc. 60 Seaview Blvd Port Washington NY 11050 Nancy Egan (516) 625-5500 X X X X X C088 OMI (Gresham) 20015 NE Sandy Blvd Portland OR 97230 Shawn Cassidy (503) 661-4997 X C180 OMI (Hood River) 818 Riverside Drive Hood River OR 97031 JohnRobinson (503) 386-2432 X C181 OMI (The Dalles) P.O. Box 1022, East First &Laughlin The Dalles OR 97058 Clifford Leeper (503) 298-1779 X C099 ORTEK 1609 WesterAvenue Green Bay UI 54303 Becky Detage (414) 498-2222 X X X X M059 Oak Harbor Wastewater Treatment Plan 3075-300thAve W., 7059-70th Ave SW Oak Harbor WA 98277 Aaron Atwood (206) 679-5551 X X 1036 Occidental Chemical Corporation P.O. Box 2157, 605 AlexanderAve Tacoma WA 98401 George Karscig (206) 593-1383 X X X M057 Ocean Shores Uastewater Treatment Pl PO Box 909,' 1440 Ocean_Shores Blvd Ocean Shores WA 98569 Myles Beach (206) 289-2388. X X C025 Ogden Environmental &Energy svcs 5510 Morehouse Dr SanDiego CA 92121 Barry Snyder (619) 458-9044 X M064 Okanogan Uastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 752 Okanogan WA 98840 Joe Davidson (509) 422-0000 X X M032 OlYJ1llla (LOTT) Wastewater T'ment Pla P.O. Box 1967, 500N. Adams Olympia WA 98507'Asha Mhatre (206) 753-8181 X X X X 5010 OlYJ1llic Corrections Center HC 80, Box 2500 Forks UA 98331 Rodney Christy SCAN 737-6181 X X


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__ .-,._., HA 98052..Cynthla Rezanla..· Centralia YA 98531 Larry Webster Kirkland WA 98033 Kevin V. Pasco YA 99301 HaroldPosthuma Pateros WA 98846 Dale Perks Washougal WA 98671 James Nail Oak Harbor WA 98277 Dave Dlugosh Tacoma WA 98467 Steve Thompson Pomeroy WA 99347 Glen Davis Usk WA 99180 Lori Blau Port Angeles WA 98362 Kevin Curtis Road Port Townsend WA 98368 Al Gould Port Townsend WA 98368 Marel Harstad Sunnyside WA 98944 Clarence L. Bolt Pullman WA 99163 A. Azlm Khan Lawrence KS 66049 Dawn Thomaa Prosser WA 99350 Gregory Pletz Bremerton WA 98314 Michael Heeton Pullman WA 99163 Pat YIltzius Puyallup WA 98372 Martha Spear Redding CA 96003 Terry Davis Knoxville TN 37921 Chris Rlgell Export PA 15632 Nasreen**De~ubels** Richland WA 99352 Douglas Swenson Garden Grove CA 92641 Bob Sundberg West Sacramento CA 95691 Gall Cho Celaschl Quincy WA 98848 Peter Smith Portland OR 97223 Seen Gormely Port Angeles WA 98362 Molly Hemmen PO Box 91 PO Box 72, 635 S Fir St 14924 NE 31st Circle 14855 SW OldScholls Ferry Road P.O. Box 24943 PO Box M 625-B ClydeAvenue PO Box 947 6801 Press Drive - East Bldg 11 Digital Drive 6349 Paseo del Lago

.-153·14· NE ·95th···

913 Big Hanaford Rd 5808 Lake Washington BlvdNE PO Box 293, 1015 S. Grey PO Box 8 PO Box 145, #2 17th St PO Box 954, 1178 W. Scenic Heights 10311 Chambers Creek Rd Yest PO Box 370 P.O. Box 130, 422757 Hwy 20 PO Box 1150, 321 E Fifth PO Box 3170, 100 Paper Mill Hill 5210 Kuhn Street PO Box 329 HE 2345 Hopkins Court 4820 West 15th Street 601 Seventh St Code 134.3, Building 371 PO Box 249, NW '1025 Guy Street 2028 River Road 5090 Caterpillar Road ·5815 Middlebrook Pike

5103 OldWID Penn·Hlghway 2800 Geo Washington Way 7440 Lincoln Way 2544 Industrial Blvd P.O. Box 33B 7477 SW Tech Center Drive 700 North Ennis M061 Olympus Terrace W'water Treatment Pl M071 Ornak Wastewater Treatment Plant Cl15 On-Site Environmental (Redmond) C129 Oregon Analytical C005 Orion Labs Ml02 Oroville Wastewater Treatment Plant C191 PACE/Mid-Pacific 1058 Pabst Brewing Co C188 Pace, Incorporated (New Orleans) C079 Pace, Incorporated (Novato) C159 Pacific Analytical, Inc. .•. C14FPacrfic Northern'Analyt-tcel-·

..·• 1025 Pacific Power &Light C033 parametrlx, Inc. M049 PascoWastewater Treatment Plant M081 Pateros Wastewater Treatment Plant 1003 Pendleton Woolen Mills H148 Penn Cove Park Sewer Dlst H014 Pierce Cty/Chambers Crk Water Tmot P M093 Pomeroy Wastewater Treatment Plant 1020 Ponderay Newsprint Company M023 Port Angeles Wastewater Treatment PI 1004 Port Townsend·Paper Co MOB7 Port Townsend Wastewater Treatment P M130 Port of Sunnyside C068 Preclalon Analytlcs, Inc C071 Professional Service Industries, Inc M042 Prosser Wastewater Treatment Plant F001 Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Envlronme M010 Pullman Yastewater Tmot Plant M025 Puyallup Wastewater Treatment Plant C037 Quality Analytical Laboratories, Inc C120 Quanterra Inc. (Knoxville) C119 Quanterra Incorporated (Export) COSO Quanterra Incorporated (Richland) C085 Quanterra, Incorporated'(Garden Grov COB7 Quanterra, Incorporated (Sacramento) M040 Quincy Wastewater Laboratory COll RZA AGRA, ·Inc. Environmental Lab 1032 Rayonier Port Angeles Mill Page 7LAN LAB NAME ADDRESS CITY ST ZIP CONTACT TELEPHONE CI CII 01 011 R M B S



# --- ----- - 1044 Rayonler Research Center. (Shelton) PO Box**501~** 409 E. Harvard Shelton WA 98584 Stan Olsen (206) 426-4461 X X M199 Reardan Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 228 Reardan WA 99029 BruceJohnson (509) 796-3921 X 1021 Reynolds Metals Co PO Box 999, 4029 Industrial Way Longview WA 98632 HaroldHays (206) 636-8251 X X M015 RichlandWastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 190, 555 Lacy Blvd. Richland WA 99352 WillaimHarlan (509) 943-7483 X X M176**~Idgefleld** Wastewater Treatment Plan PO Box 608, West Cook Street Ridgefield WA 98642 Ben Hasson (206) 887-8251 X M156 Roslyn Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 451, 201 S. 1st Street Roslyn WA 98941 Joe Peck (509) 649-3105 X X C017 Roy F. Weston, Inc. 212 Frank West Circle Stockton CA 95206 Rosa Beas (209) 983-1340 X X X C189 Rust Remedial Svcs/WesternProcessln 20015

- 72nd Avenue S. Kent WA 98032 Jerry McCaslin (206) 395-0573 X X X X C140 S-Cubed 8808 Balboa Avenue SanDiego CA 92123 Jane Goodin (619) 637-7417 X X X X X C103 SCS Analytical labs 2860 Walnut Avenue. Long Beach CA 90806 Loree Kenyon (310) 595-9324 X X. X X C074 SVL Analytical, Incorporated PO Box 929, 1 Government Gulch**Kel~ogg** ID 83837 Brandan Borglas (208) 784-1258 X X X X .'r'1150:Sa'lnt JohnWastewater treatment-Nan-·-:PO'·Dox··298·..:-. ..:......... , .. Salnt·John. ·,·14/\ 991711·/ayne Bly

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M053 Salmon'Creek .Wastewater Tmnt Plant 12550 Shorewood DrSW Seattle WA 98146 Tim Yokers (206) 244-2202 X X 1052 Sandvik Special Metals Environmental PO Box 6027 Kennewick WA 99336 Vicki Marquis (509) 586-4131 X C146 Savannah Labs, Tallahassee Dlv 2846 Industrial Plaza Dr Tallahassee FL 32301 Pam Staerker (904) 878-3994 X X X X C165 Scientific Control Labs, Inc. 3158 S. Kolin Avenue Chicago IL 60623 WilliamEberhardt (312) 254-2406 X X X 1023 Scott Paper Company PO Box 925, 2600 Federal Way Everett WA 98206 GingerKnox (206) 259-7333 X X 1065 Seattle City Light - Diablo 1015 Third Avenue

- EHS Seattle WA 98104 Janice Gedlund (206)386-4583 X X 1066 Seattle City Light - Newhalem 1015 Third Avenue

- EHS Seattle WA 98104· Janice Gedlund (206) 386-4583 X X M123 SedroWooley Wastewater Treatment PI 720 Murdock Street SedroWooley WA 98284 Debbie Allen (206) 856-1100 X X M018 Selah Wastewater Treatment Plant 115 W Naches Ave Selah WA 98942 Joe Ford (509) 697-4201 X X M001 Sequim Wastewater Treatment Plant 152 West Cedar Street Sequim WA 98382 Wayne Balholm (206) 683-3883 X X 1012 Shell 011 Co (Anacortes) PO Box 700 Anacortes WA 98221 E.J. Ledet (206) 293-9143 X X M034 Shelton Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 1277, 1700 E Fairmount Shelton WA 98584 Clarence Symes (206) 426-6521 X 'X 1046 Siemens NuclearPower Corp P.O. Box 130, MS 29 Richland WA 99352 Helen Law (509) 375-8212 X X 1040 Simpson Tacoma Kraft Company PO Box 2133, 801 Portland Ave N Tacoma WA 98421 Ron Stuart (206) 596-0304 X M067 SkagIt County Health Dept 700 S. 2ndStreet Mount Vernon WA 98273 Pat Anderson (206) 336-9380 X M079 Snoqualmie Pass Sewer Dlst PO Box 131, 68902 SE Snoqualmie Pass Snoqualmie Pass WA 98068 Dave Johnston (206) 434-6600 X X M104 Snoqualmie Wa$tewater Treatment Plan PO Box 987, 150 Railroad Avenue Snoqualmie WA 98065 Dean Collins (206) 888.-4153 X X M145 Soap lake Wastewater Treatment Plant PO.66x 1270, Road 20 and St. Andrews Soap lake WA 98851 .11m Whitmore (509) 246-1823 X X C157 Solltest Farm Consultants 2925 Wapato Dr Moses lake WA 98837 Brent Thyssen (509) 765-1622 X X 1043 Sonoco Products Co. PO Box 489, 1802 Steele Ave. Sunner WA 98390 Forrest Ballard (206) 863-6366. X C027 Sound Analytical Services 4813 Pacific Highway E Tacoma WA 98424 Andrew J. Riddell (206) 922-2310 X X X X X 1033 Sound Refining, Incorporated P.O. Box 1372, 2628 Marine View Dr. Tacoma WA 98422 Ray Burke (206) 272-9348 X C156 Southern Petroleumlabs, Inc. 8880 Interchange Houston TX 77054 Cynthia Schreiner (713) 660-0901 X X X X M012 Southwest Washington Health District 2000 Fort Vancouver Way Vancouver WA 98663 Carl Addy (206) 695-9215 X X 1078 Specialty Minerals, Inc. (Camas) PO Box 1046, North Construction Gate Camas WA 98607 Barry Emge (206) 834-4651 X 1075 Specialty Minerals, Inc. (Longview) 3515 Industrial Way Longview WA 98632 Sal lee (206) 577-0912 X 1057 Specialty Minerals, Inc. (Wallula) POBox 107 Wallula WA 99363 Lori Golze (509) 545-9777 X C077 Spectra Labs, Inc. 2221 Ross Way Tacoma 'WA 98421 Mike Minner (206) 272-4850 X X X ----_.-_._------_._------_._----------_._-_._._._......

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# -- N4401 A. l.**~hite** Parkway Spokana**~A** 99205 Mike Coster 10220 270th Street NW, 26729 - 98th AStanwood WA 98292 Kevin Hushagen PO Box 98 leavenworth**~A'98826** George Valentine 1104 Maple St Sumner WA 98390 Greg Kongslie 137 Fairway Dr Sequim WA 98382 Bill Thomsen 818 E. EdisonAve Sunnyside. WA 98944 Joe Ortega' P.O. Box 1545 Martinez CA 94553 John Hurphy 1555 Burke, Unit I San Francisco CA 94124 John Murphy 309 S. Cloverdale Street, Suite A-11 Seattle WA 98108 Elizabeth Fenton 7110 38th Drive lacey WA 98503 Mike Korosec 160 Taylor Street Monrovia CA 91016 David Kohlenberger 525 Avis Drive" STE-·7·. '

..···.. 'I\nn

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...--, .... - Hk48108HarkRuwe P.O. Box 4040 Richmond CA 94804 lawrence Johnson 300 Second Ave, P.O. Box 521 Waltham MA 02254 SusanWoodyatt 4002 Waterview St Tacoma 'WA 98421 Martin Collamore 2201 Portland Ave Tacoma WA 98421 Martin Collamore 3629 South DSt, MS ASD006 Tacoma WA 98408 JoanneMeyers PO Box 65, 8230 178th Avenue Court lakebay WA 98349 Jessica Haskell PO Box 622, 600 South Texas Road Anacortes WA·98221 Fred lenna PO Box 236, 130 2d St N Toledo WA 98591 Charles Brown PO Box· 8, 3901 Unick Rd Ferndale WA 98248 Mary Kelleher 207 - 4th Avenue N. Kelso WA 98624 Gordon Templeton P.O. Box 14642, N1403 Green St #4 Spokane WA 99202 John Trechter PO Box 248, 220 E 2dAve Selah WA 98942 Herle Frost PO Box 1300, 1111 Van Sickel East**~enatchee** WA 98801 Glen Sagdal 801 Capitola Drive Durham NC 27713 Wanda Dean 10610**~aterworks** Road Marysville**~A** 98270 Chiara De Neve P.O. Box 278 Twisp WA 98856 GaryMcConnell 7865 NE Day Road West Bainbridge Island WA 98110 Steve Twiss PO Box 2255, 3001 Marshall Ave Tacoma WA 98401 Shauna-May TecleMarlam 4322 S 49th West Ave Tulsa OK 74107 Beth Walker P.O. Box 5797 Kennewick WA 99336 Keith Topham Rm 218, Bloedel Hall (MS AR-l0) Seattle WA 98195 Koross Hosieni PO Box 9805, 5701 NW lower River Road Vancouver. WA 98666 Allison Diller 1800 Kotobuki Way Vancouver WA 98660 Richard Vaughn 2100 Cleanwater Drive Geneva IL 60134 Donna Bierschenk PO Box 968 (Mall Drop 280) Richland WA 99352 Terry Northstrom 101 Sloan, Washington State Universlt Pullman WA 99164 Mark**~orthington** Rte 5, Box 79, 571 Hatch St Walla**~alla ~A**  99362 lora lyons 1701 CStreet, 3900 SR 14 Washougal WA'98671 Dale Hammrlch M030 Spokane**~astewater** Treatment Plant M187 Stanwood**~astewater** TreatmentPlant M181 Stevens Pass Sewer Dist M031 Sumner**~astewater** Treatment Plant M152 Sunland**~ater** District STP M029 Sunnyside**~astewater** Treatment Plant C144 Superior Precision Analytical (Marti C145 Superior Precision Analytical (San F C182 Superior Precision Analytical Hobile C076 TEG, Inc. C121 TMA/ARLI ·C139,ntA/ERG··; .'

...... .>,**":'''-'''~'''** . i Cl04 TMA/Norcal Cl08 fHA/Skinner &Sherman Labs M048 Tacoma North End

-**~TP** #3 M036 Tacoma Public Works Utility Services M050 Tacoma/Pierce County Health Dept M117 Taylor Bay Wastewater Treatment Plan 1001 Texaco, Inc M077 Toledo Wastewater Treatment Plant 1005 Tosco NW Div Ferndale Refinery Ml07 Toutle Sewer Treatment Plant C039 Treclen Laboratories 1056 Tree Top - Selah 1049 Tree Top

-**~enatchee** C067 Triangle labs of RTP, Inc M017 Tulalip Tribes**~aterQuality** laborat M062 Twisp**~astewater** Treatment Plant C122 Twiss laboratories, Inc. 1016 U.S. Oil and Refining Company C08l USPCI Analytical Services 1037 Unocal Chemicals (Kennewick) A004 UofW College of Forest Resources 1022 Vanalco, Inc. M024 Vancouver WestsideWastewater Tmnt P C023 WMX Environmental Monitoring Labs C047 WPPSS Environmental Sciences A007 WSU Environmental Engineering lab M002**~alla ~alla** **~ater** Quality Control La M171 Washougal Wastewater Treatment Plant Page 9LAN LAB NAME ADDRESS CITY ST ZIP CONTACT TELEPHONE CI CII 01 011 R M B S



## --- 

# ----- C007 Water Management Laboratories, Inc 1515 80th St E Tacoma WA 98404 Chris Mueller' (206) 531-3121 X X X M045 Wenatchee Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 519, 201 N'Worthen St Wenatchee WA 98801 Jayne Rlckenberg (509) 664-5980 X X C003 Weston Analytlcs 208 Welsh Pool Rd, Pickering Ind'l Pk Lionville PA 19341 Keith Ryan (610) 701-6100 X X X X C013 Weston-Gulf Coest Labs, Inc. 2417 Bond Street University Park IL 60466 Donna McCarthy (708) 534-5200 X X X X C020 Weyerhaeuser Analytlcel and Testing WTC 2F25 Tacoma WA 98477 Karl Doxsee (206) 924-6148 X X X X X X 1042 Weyerhaeuser Co (Cosmopolis) PO Box 1000, 1701 First Street Cosmopolis WA 98537 Dennis Davies (206) 538-8433 X X 1030 Weyerhaeuser Co (Longview) PO Box 188, 3401 Industrial Way Longview UA 98632 Terry Hopkins (206) 425-2150 X X M124 Uilbur Wastewater Treatment Plant PO Box 214 Uilbur UA 99185 Bob Kreb (509) 647-5821 X X M180 UlnthropUastewaterTreatment**Pl~nt** PO Box 459 Winthrop UA 98862 Richard Karro (509) 996-2119 X MOOS Yakima Wastewater Treatment Plant 2220 East Viola St Yakima UA 98901 Scott Stockton (509) 575-6077

. X X X Labs accredited as of August 4, 1994 - 362 CATEGORIES
CI

- General Chemistry CII - Trace Metals 01

- Organics by GC 011 - Organics byGC-MS

R - Radiochemistry M - Microbiology B - Bioassay S - Sediments

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