United States General Accounting Office

GAO Testimony

Before the Task Force on International Affairs, Committee

on the Budget, U.S. Senate

For Release on Delivery

Expected at

10:00 a.m., EDT

Thursday,

June 4, 1998

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Activities of Domestic

Agencies

Statement of Benjamin F. Nelson, Director, International

Relations and Trade Issues, National Security and

International Affairs Division

GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Task Force:

I am pleased to be here today to discuss U.S. government spending on

international programs and activities. When policymakers and analysts

discuss U.S. spending for international endeavors, in most cases, they

focus on the activities and programs funded by the international affairs

budget account (the 150 account).1

 The 150 account funds U.S. embassies

abroad as well as the bulk of foreign aid. It also pays the cost of U.S.

membership in international organizations, such as the United Nations and

the World Bank, and operations of foreign affairs agencies, such as the

State Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development. In

fiscal year 1998, the Congress appropriated about $19 billion for such

programs. However, many international activities similar to those funded

in the 150 account are conducted by a host of domestic agencies through

other budget accounts.

My remarks today are intended to first illuminate the nature and

magnitude of U.S. international involvement through programs and

activities funded in accounts other than the 150 account, including

examples of the associated activities and the agencies. Then I will discuss

the increasing participation of domestic agencies in international activities

and the complexities of this involvement. Finally, I will make some

observations on how the 1993 Government Performance and Results Act

could be used as a tool for addressing coordination issues and

congressional oversight challenges that emanate from the changing and

growing U.S. engagement with other countries.

Summary The U.S. government is engaged in a wide variety of programs and

activities that affect the governments, institutions, and peoples of other

countries. Coming to an accurate understanding of just how much money

is spent on international activities outside the international affairs, or 150,

budget account is difficult, however, because there are no broadly

accepted criteria for what constitutes an international affairs activity or

foreign assistance. Some analysts may use a very broad definition and

include the $1.9 billion in Social Security payments made annually to

beneficiaries living overseas; others may use a more limited definition and

count only the bilateral assistance funded in the 150 account (about

$5.2 billion). Moreover, some programs cannot easily be classified as

international or domestic because they serve more than one function, and

it is often difficult to distinguish between national and international

1

Throughout this statement, the term “account” refers to a U.S. budget function.

Page 1 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
objectives. One example may be the law enforcement assistance we

provide overseas because of the international nature of organized crime.

This assistance often has the dual objectives of strengthening foreign

countries’ law enforcement capabilities and of combating crime that

affects the United States. What is clear, as this example illustrates, is that

considering only the 150 account does not give a complete picture of U.S.

international engagement.

Our analysis of fiscal year 1998 appropriations indicates that non-150

account activities that have international aspects but serve primarily U.S.

domestic needs are numerous, varied, and widely distributed across the

U.S. government. Many U.S. government agencies and nearly every

Department are engaged in some sort of activity involving other countries

or international organizations. Fiscal year 1998 appropriations include

funding for at least 70 different programs that bear a close resemblance to

one or more of those in the 150 account.

We identified approximately $7.6 billion in appropriations for non-150

account programs and activities that parallel one or more of the

international affairs programs and activities in the 150 account. About 

90 percent of these appropriations are designated for specific efforts of the

Departments of Agriculture, Defense, and Energy, including about

$5.4 billion for military activities, such as peacekeeping efforts in Bosnia.

While these programs and activities are related to U.S. international

affairs, they directly meet national needs and serve to enhance national

defense, agricultural promotion, law enforcement, environmental

protection, and other missions. Some observers may disagree with our

characterization of certain programs as well as our total because the lines

between domestic and international programs and between security and

economic assistance are often blurred. In addition to the programs we

identified, there is a wide range of other domestic activities that affect

other countries to varying degrees. We do not mean to suggest, however,

that the non-150 account programs represent hidden foreign affairs

spending or that funding has been misclassified. We do believe that the

scenario I have just painted presents a challenge to achieving effective

oversight, that is, determining how well programs are coordinated and are

contributing to U.S. objectives.

While we were not able to firmly establish trends in spending on

international-related activities by domestic agencies, we determined that

these agencies have direct and broad involvement in furthering U.S. policy

objectives. This reflects the complex nature of the problems we face and

Page 2 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
the changing objectives, strategies, and approaches to addressing them; it

also reflects the increasingly interrelated nature of U.S. economic,

security, and domestic interests. One good example is the Cooperative

Threat Reduction Program. It is funded in the defense budget account to

assist the former Soviet Union in reducing the danger of nuclear

proliferation and weapons of mass destruction. This program is structured

in a way that achieves economic benefits for the former Soviet Union as

well as security benefits for the United States. Another example is U.S.

support for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) Partnership for

Peace program, which was designed to help aspiring NATO members and

others in improving their defense capabilities. U.S. support for this

program is funded from both the 150 account and the 050 defense account.

Similarly, U.S. contributions to NATO and activities to train foreign military

personnel are also funded from both accounts.

On another front, the growth in international crime has led to an

expansion in U.S. overseas law enforcement activities. In addition, the

increasing technical complexity of international issues, such as nuclear

nonproliferation and global environmental protection, has necessitated

more partnerships between domestic technical agencies and their foreign

counterparts. These changes have resulted in an increase in the number of

domestic agency staff located overseas.

This web of programs and activities presents management complexities,

mainly coordination problems among the several agencies that are

pursuing their own separate and distinct mandates. For instance, our

reviews of U.S. aid to the former Soviet Union and U.S. efforts to combat

money laundering abroad found that the various U.S. agencies involved

were not always coordinating their activities.

In light of this changing environment, congressional oversight over

international affairs will necessarily involve a broad view of the variety of

activities and amount of spending throughout the government that are

aimed at achieving a particular goal. The Government Performance and

Results Act (the Results Act) offers a useful framework for identifying

cross-cutting issues among agencies and improving coordination and

oversight.

International-Related

Appropriations

Outside 150 Account

Since there are no broadly accepted criteria or a consensus on what

constitutes an international program, it is difficult to come to a definitive

total of just how much money is spent on international activities outside

the 150 account. However, in preparing for this testimony, we analyzed

Page 3 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
fiscal year 1998 appropriations legislation to identify programs that involve

or directly affect the governments and institutions of other countries. We

identified programs and activities that parallel those in the 150 account but

that satisfy other national needs. In many cases, though, we could not

isolate appropriations for the international elements of programs that

contain both domestic and international components. We recognize that

because the lines between domestic and international activities are often

blurred, some observers could disagree with how we characterized these

activities. Moreover, we do not mean to imply that these non-150 account

activities are misclassified. Nor do we believe that this constitutes hidden

foreign affairs spending. Rather, it reflects the increasingly complex and

often international nature of the issues U.S. government agencies face.

International Affairs

Programs Directly Related

to 150 Account Activities

Many international programs in a variety of budget accounts are similar to

those funded in the 150 account. For example,

• the defense budget account (050 account) funds U.S. support for NATO’s

Partnership for Peace program to promote democracy, expand

cooperation, and strengthen relationships between NATO and nonmember

countries;

• the natural resources and environment budget account (300 account)

funds support for developing countries to reduce the manufacture and use

of ozone-depleting substances; and

• the commerce and housing credit budget account (370 account) funds a

variety of Department of Commerce programs and activities aimed at

promoting U.S. exports and international trade.

According to Office of Management and Budget staff, although programs

like these are related to international affairs, they fall outside the 150

account because they primarily meet national needs and serve other major

missions, such as ensuring national defense or promoting U.S. agriculture.

Placement of program funding in a particular budget account sometimes

appears to have more to do with which Department or agency is

administering a program than the nature of the program itself. For

example, the cost of subsidies distributed by the U.S. Export-Import Bank

to finance the export of U.S. capital equipment, projects, and services is

funded through the 150 account. However, similar subsidies for

agricultural exports, distributed by the Department of Agriculture’s

Commodity Credit Corporation, are funded through the 350 agriculture

account.

Page 4 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Many programs defy simple classification as international or domestic. For

example, many have national security as well as foreign relations aspects,

and funding may be divided between the 150 and the 050 defense

accounts. Part of the U.S. contribution to NATO’s operations, for instance, is

funded in the 150 account, along with contributions to other international

organizations; other U.S. contributions for NATO’s military infrastructure,

are funded through the 050 defense account. Similarly, funding for U.S.

activities to train foreign military personnel is included in both budget

accounts. Funding for other programs is sometimes moved between

accounts, reflecting the difficulty in categorizing programs that serve both

domestic and international affairs purposes. For example, in fiscal year

1998, funding for a major component of the U.S. food aid program was

reallocated from the 150 account to the 350 agriculture account to reflect

the program’s changing priority. This program has a dual nature because it

serves international affairs objectives by providing assistance to

developing countries and agricultural objectives by promoting U.S.

agricultural exports.

Some key U.S. domestic concerns originate in Mexico. For example,

serving the domestic interests of ensuring rural development, health, and

environmental protection in southwestern U.S. border states entails

engagement with Mexico, similar to U.S. bilateral assistance programs

with other developing countries. This engagement includes the activities

of the Environmental Protection Agency’s U.S.-Mexico Border Program,

the Department of Health and Human Service’s U.S.-Mexico Border Health

Commission, and other international programs.

Table 1 shows the amounts of non-150 account appropriations we

identified for international activities that parallel those funded in the 150

account. (See app. I for a listing of activities included in the totals and 

app. II for budget accounts to which agencies’ funding is allocated).

Page 5 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Table 1: Fiscal Year 1998 Appropriations for Activities That Parallel Activities of the 150 Account, by Agency

International affairs account activity categories

Dollars in thousands

Department/agency

International

development

and

humanitarian

assistance

International

security

assistance

Conduct of

foreign

affairs

Foreign

information

and exchange

activitiesa

International

financial

programs Total

Agriculture $196,883 $155,749 $531,447 $884,079

Commerce 173,220 $7,250 70,686 251,156

Defense 84,130 $4,855,517 510,074 26,000 5,475,721

Education 66,351 66,351

Energy 525,200 970 38,100 1,375 565,645

Environmental Protection

Agency

163,019 163,019

Health and Human Services 56,227 4,565 28,289 89,081

Housing and Urban

Development

500 500

Interior 1,400 22,668 24,068

Justice 14,294 14,294

Labor 12,095 12,095

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

1,000 1,000

State 43,992b 43,992

Treasury 50 29,000 2,000 31,050

Otherc 1,200 1,000 3,100 5,300

Total $338,690 $5,380,717 $1,130,846 $168,490 $608,608 $7,627,351

aIncludes international research and development activities.

bIncludes international commissions funded in the 300 natural resources and environment

account.

cIncludes Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, National Science Foundation,

Securities and Exchange Commission, and Small Business Administration.

Source: Our analysis of fiscal year 1998 appropriations data.

Broad Involvement of

Domestic Agencies

Funding trends for international programs outside the 150 account were

difficult to track because historical funding information for many of these

programs was not available or consistently documented. However, we

identified several major international initiatives involving domestic

agencies that have begun in recent years, and overseas staffing by these

Page 6 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
agencies has increased to meet new challenges. In addition to programs

that parallel those in the 150 account, the U.S. government is engaged in a

wide range of domestic activities that affect other countries and that are

conducted largely to directly protect domestic interests. However, it is

difficult to identify and quantify all of the U.S. government activities that

affect foreign countries, especially since the degree of impact varies

widely among programs.

New International

Initiatives Involving

Domestic Agencies

In the past several years, the U.S. government has undertaken several

major international initiatives that are supported by non-150 accounts.

One prominent example is the Department of Defense’s Cooperative

Threat Reduction Program, initiated in fiscal year 1992, to assist the

countries of the former Soviet Union in reducing the danger of nuclear

proliferation and weapons of mass destruction; this program has cost

about $400 million per year. In 1993, a joint initiative by the Departments

of Energy and Defense was begun to improve nuclear material protection,

control, and accounting in the former Soviet Union; the annual cost of this

program has increased from about $5 million in fiscal year 1993 to

$137 million in fiscal year 1998. Also, since the signing of the Dayton peace

agreement in December 1995, the Department of Defense has spent an

average of about $2.5 billion a year to uphold peace in Bosnia as part of a

multilateral coalition under NATO. In addition, the Department of Justice

has been expanding the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Legal Attaché

Program, which posts agents overseas to help fight international crime,

from 26 offices in fiscal year 1996 to a target level of 42 in fiscal year 1998.2

Increase in Overseas

Staffing

Domestic agencies have been increasing the number of employees that are

posted overseas, while traditional foreign affairs agencies, like the State

Department, have been reducing their staffing levels for the past 10 years.

Although the total number of U.S. personnel posted in U.S. diplomatic

missions abroad has changed little over the past 10 years, the portion from

domestic agencies has increased by 25 percent, from about 8,000 positions

in fiscal year 1988 to over 10,000 in 1998 (see table 2).

2

Few of the international-related programs we identified have been reduced significantly since fiscal

year 1992. The most significant exception is the Department of Agriculture’s Public Law 480 direct

loan program. Its funding has decreased in real terms by 58 percent since fiscal year 1992, from about

$430 million to about $180 million in fiscal year 1998.

Page 7 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Table 2: U.S. Direct Hire Personnel

Posted at Diplomatic Missions

Overseas—1988, 1992, and 1998

Source 1988 1992 1998

Foreign affairs

agencies

9,858 9,646 7,573

Domestic agencies 7,932 8,260 10,118

Total 17,790 17,906 17,691

Source: Our analysis of State Department data.

The broad distribution of funding across U.S. government agencies reflects

the multifaceted nature of U.S. international relations and the extensive

development of staff expertise, technology, and other resources

throughout the government. Traditional foreign affairs agencies, including

the State Department, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and

the U.S. Information Agency, have extensively relied on field experts from

domestic agencies to conduct international relations. Many domestic

agencies are also engaged in foreign relations, working directly with their

overseas counterparts.

Domestic agencies support foreign policy and international affairs

activities of foreign affairs agencies in many ways. A number of these

agencies provide expert knowledge on foreign policy matters that informs

international negotiations and supports the State Department in its

advocacy of U.S. policy with other governments. For example, the

Department of Labor’s Bureau of International Labor Affairs assists in

formulating international economic, trade, and immigration policies

affecting U.S. workers. Other domestic agencies provide logistical support

for some of the international initiatives of foreign affairs agencies. This

includes the airlift services provided by the Department of Defense for

some humanitarian relief efforts of the U.S. Agency for International

Development, including those recently undertaken in Haiti, Bosnia, and

Rwanda.

Domestic agencies also make contributions to a variety of international

organizations. These are often the same organizations that are supported

by 150 account appropriations. For example, like the State Department,

the Department of Defense funds U.S. contributions to NATO. Also, the

Departments of Health and Human Services, Commerce, and Agriculture

contribute funds to a variety of U.N. organizations, including the U.N.

Children’s Fund and the U.N. Educational, Scientific, and Cultural

Organization.

Page 8 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Domestic agencies also use their expertise in providing assistance to other

countries in pursuit of U.S. goals. For example, the Department of Energy

has developed expertise and technology in handling nuclear materials that

it is further developing and sharing with nations of the former Soviet

Union. The Department of the Interior has expertise in nature and wildlife

conservation, which it is applying to animals threatened with extinction in

Africa and other parts of the world.

Domestic agencies often can provide technical expertise, beyond what the

foreign affairs agencies can reasonably develop and maintain, in

implementing international agreements. For example, the Environmental

Protection Agency has provided experts to assist the United States and

other nations in complying with international environmental agreements.

In addition, the Department of Defense has primary responsibility for

compliance and monitoring of some arms control treaties.

Domestic agencies often facilitate other contacts between the United

States and other countries. For example, the Department of Education

facilitates academic and interpersonal contacts across borders through its

international education exchange and foreign language programs. Also,

the Department of Health and Human Services facilitates international

contacts in health science fields through the international research

programs of the National Institutes of Health’s John E. Fogarty

International Center.

Complexities in

Managing

International Affairs

In recent years, we have reported on the complexities associated with

many international programs and initiatives overseas that involve multiple

agencies. One issue, in particular, that has surfaced often and prominently

in our reviews is the need to ensure that agencies are working in tandem

when pursuing common goals and objectives. In some cases we reviewed,

the large number of agencies made international efforts unwieldy and

difficult to coordinate—sometimes leading to confusion on the part of

foreign governments.

During our 1996 Conference on Foreign Affairs Issues, participants

cautioned that, with so many U.S. agencies now conducting programs and

posting staff overseas, U.S. ambassadors may no longer be able to ensure

that these various U.S activities are coordinated and focused on the

highest priorities in U.S. bilateral relationships.3

 It can be difficult for the

3

Foreign Affairs: Perspectives on Foreign Affairs Programs and Structures (GAO/NSIAD-97-6, Nov. 8,

1996).

Page 9 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
ambassadors even to be aware of each agency’s activities. Conference

participants also noted that policymakers need to understand how various

U.S. agencies in practice are operating overseas and consider whether

coordination mechanisms need to be strengthened.

Our specific audits have tended to support the conference observations. In

1995 we found that 23 departments and independent agencies were

implementing 215 aid projects in the former Soviet Union. Funding, while

primarily in the international affairs, defense, and agriculture budget

accounts, also came from eight other budget accounts.4

 Disputes had

arisen among the agencies over the implementation of their programs,

despite the establishment of an official coordinator. The coordinator’s role

has since been expanded and strengthened.5

In our 1996 review of the U.S. effort to combat money laundering abroad,

we also noted the involvement of the State Department and many agencies

within the Departments of Justice and the Treasury.6

 We found that

European law enforcement officials acknowledged the important role of

U.S. law enforcement agencies. However, some officials believed that too

many U.S. agencies were involved in money-laundering inquiries. They

reported that, in some cases, this overlap made it difficult to determine

which U.S. agency they should coordinate with.7

Results Act Offers

Framework for

Improvement in

Coordination

With so many agencies involved in foreign affairs, cognizant congressional

committees are confronted with a challenge to provide comprehensive

oversight. A broad view of foreign policy implementation that considers

the wide variety of international programs is critical for this oversight. As

the pursuit of U.S. foreign policy goals involves more agencies,

congressional oversight will require scrutiny of the relevance, priority, and

efficiency of programs across the spectrum of budget accounts.

4

Former Soviet Union: Information on U.S. Bilateral Funding (GAO/NSIAD-96-37, Dec. 15, 1995).

5

Former Soviet Union: An Update on Coordination of U.S. Assistance and Economic Cooperation

Programs (GAO/NSIAD-96-16, Dec. 15, 1995).

6

These agencies include the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation,

the Internal Revenue Service, the Customs Service, and the Secret Service.

7

Money Laundering: A Framework for Understanding U.S. Efforts Overseas (GAO/GGD-96-105, May 24,

1996).

Page 10 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
As we reported last August, the Results Act should offer a framework to

address issues of coordination.8

 Each of the act’s key stages—defining

missions and desired outcomes, measuring performance, and using

performance information—offers a new opportunity to address mission

fragmentation and overlap among agencies involved in related efforts. For

example, the Results Act is intended to foster a dialogue on strategic goals

among Congress and the agencies involved as well as external

stakeholders. This dialogue should help to identify those agencies and

programs that address similar missions and to relate how the performance

of each affects the achievement of the overall strategic goals.

This concludes our prepared statement, Mr. Chairman. I would be happy

to answer any questions you or members of the Task Force may have.

8

See Managing for Results: Using the Results Act to Address Mission Fragmentation and Program

Overlap (GAO/AIMD-97-146, Aug. 29, 1997).

Page 11 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Contents

1

Appendix I 

International

Activities Funded

Outside the

International Affairs

Budget Account (150

Account), Fiscal Year

1998 (by Related 150

Account Activity

Category)

14

Appendix II 

U.S. Budget Accounts

That Include Agency

Activities That

Parallel the 150

Account, Fiscal Year

1998

18

Tables Table 1: Fiscal Year 1998 Appropriations for Activities That

Parallel Activities of the 150 account, by Agency

6

Table 2: U.S. Direct Hire Personnel Posted at Diplomatic Missions

Overseas—1988, 1992, and 1998

8

Abbreviations

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Page 12 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Page 13 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Appendix I 

International Activities Funded Outside the

International Affairs Budget Account (150

Account), Fiscal Year 1998 (by Related 150

Account Activity Category)

Department/

agency Program/activity

Fiscal year 1998

appropriations

International development and humanitarian assistance (including technical assistance)

(Subfunction 151)

Agriculture Public Law 480, title I $196,054,000

Agriculture Binational agriculture research and

development research grant 500,000

Agriculture International arid lands consortium

research grant 329,000

Defense Overseas humanitarian, disaster, and civic

aid 47,130,000

Defense Bosnia demining 28,000,000

Defense Humanitarian demining technologies

research and development 9,000,000

Health and Human

Services

Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention: global polio eradication 56,227,000

Interior African elephant conservation 1,000,000

Interior Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund 400,000

Treasury Secret Service: counterfeit training for

foreign law enforcement organizations 50,000

International security assistance

(Subfunction 152)

Defense Overseas contingency operations (Bosnia 

and Southwest Asia) 4,138,100,000

Defense Former Soviet Union threat reduction 382,200,000

Defense Source nation support for drug interdiction 174,963,000

Defense Counterproliferation support: advanced

development 68,264,000

Defense Partnership for Peace, 4 support for NATO 4,162,000

Defense Miscellaneous support of other nations,

Army operations and maintenance 34,568,000

Defense Miscellaneous support of other nations, Air

Force operations and maintenance 13,260,000

Energy Nonproliferation and national security 478,200,000

Energy Nuclear Reactor Safety Program for the

former Soviet Union 47,000,000

Conduct of foreign affairs

(Subfunction 153)

Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service and 

General Sales Manager 135,749,000

Agriculture Colonias/North American Development

Bank projects 20,000,000

Commerce U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service 171,070,000

(continued)

Page 14 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Appendix I 

International Activities Funded Outside the

International Affairs Budget Account (150

Account), Fiscal Year 1998 (by Related 150

Account Activity Category)

Department/

agency Program/activity

Fiscal year 1998

appropriations

Commerce International Telecommunications Union

plenipotentiary conference 1,750,000

Commerce NOAA: International fisheries commissions 400,000

Defense International military headquarters, Army

operations and maintenance 255,413,000

Defense NATO Security Investment Program 152,600,000

Defense On-site Inspection Agency 95,626,000

Defense International military headquarters, Navy

operations and maintenance 6,435,000

Energy Falcon and Amistad Dams operating and

maintenance fund 970,000

Environmental

Protection Agency

U.S.-Mexico Border Program

75,000,000

Environmental

Protection Agency

Climate change action plan programs

73,285,000

Environmental

Protection Agency

Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund

12,000,000

Environmental

Protection Agency

Office of International Activities, global and

regulatory environmental risk reduction

program 2,734,000

Health and Human

Services

Border health training centers

3,765,000

Health and Human

Services

U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission

800,000

Interior North American Wetlands Fund 11,700,000

Interior Fish and Wildlife Service: international

affairs 5,810,000

Interior International forestry activities 3,500,000

Interior National Park Service: international park

affairs 1,658,000

Justice FBI Legal Attaché program 7,294,000

Justice U.S. National Central Bureau, International

Criminal Police Organization 7,000,000

Labor Bureau of International Labor Affairs 12,095,000

Other Commission on Security and Cooperation

in Europe 1,090,000

Other Securities and Exchange Commission:

international consultations and meetings 100,000

Other Securities and Exchange Commission:

permanent secretariat for the International

Organization of

Securities Commissions 10,000

State International Boundary and Water

Commission 23,953,000

(continued)

Page 15 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Appendix I 

International Activities Funded Outside the

International Affairs Budget Account (150

Account), Fiscal Year 1998 (by Related 150

Account Activity Category)

Department/

agency Program/activity

Fiscal year 1998

appropriations

State International fisheries commissions 14,549,000

State American sections, international

commissions 5,490,000

Treasury International affairs 29,000,000

Foreign information and exchange activities

(Subfunction 154)

Commerce NOAA: global and climate change research 7,250,000

Defense Russian-American observational satellites

research and development 13,000,000

Defense U.S.-Japan management training 10,000,000

Defense Russian monitoring technologies research

and development 3,000,000

Education International education and foreign

language studies 60,351,000

Education International education exchange 5,000,000

Education International Very Special Arts Festival 1,000,000

Energy Large Hadron Collider Project 35,000,000

Energy Russian-American Fuel Cell Consortium 3,000,000

Energy Fossil energy research and development:

international program support 100,000

Health and Human

Services

John E. Fogarty International Center

(National Institutes of Health) 28,289,000

Housing and Urban

Development

Center for International Business Education

500,000

NASA U.S./Mexico Foundation for Science 1,000,000

Other National Science Foundation: U.S./Mexico

Foundation for Science 1,000,000

International financial programs

(Subfunction 155)

Agriculture Commodity Credit Corporation: export

loan subsidies 527,500,000

Agriculture Commodity Credit Corporation:

administrative expenses 3,820,000

Agriculture Global marketing support service research

grant 127,000

Commerce International Trade Administration: trade

development 58,986,000

Commerce International Trade Administration:

executive direction and administration 11,700,000

(continued)

Page 16 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Appendix I 

International Activities Funded Outside the

International Affairs Budget Account (150

Account), Fiscal Year 1998 (by Related 150

Account Activity Category)

Department/

agency Program/activity

Fiscal year 1998

appropriations

Energy International Solar Energy Program 1,375,000

Other Small Business Administration: U.S. export 

assistance centers 3,100,000

Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network: 

international money-laundering programs 2,000,000

Legend

FBI = Federal Bureau of Investigation

NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NOAA = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Source: Our analysis of Appropriations Conference Reports and Senate Appropriations

Committee Reports, fiscal year 1998.

Page 17 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Appendix II 

U.S. Budget Accounts That Include Agency

Activities That Parallel the 150 Account,

Fiscal Year 1998

Department/

agency

National

defense (50)

International

affairs (150)

Science,

space, and

technology

(250)

Energy

(270)

Natural

resources

and

environment

(300)

Agriculture

(350)

Commerce

and housing

credit (370)

Agriculture • •

Commerce • •

Defense •

Education

Energy • •

Environmental

Protection Agency •

Health and Human

Services

Housing and Urban

Development

Interior •

Justice •

Labor

NASA •

National Science

Foundation •

Securities and

Exchange Commission •

Small Business

Administration •

State • •

Treasury

Page 18 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
Appendix II 

U.S. Budget Accounts That Include Agency

Activities That Parallel the 150 Account,

Fiscal Year 1998

Department/

agency

Community

and regional

development

(450)

Education,

training,

employment, and

social services

(500) Health (550)

Administration

of justice (750)

General

government

(800)

Agriculture

Commerce

Defense

Education •

Energy

Environmental

Protection Agency

Health and Human

Services •

Housing and Urban

Development •

Interior

Justice •

Labor •

NASA

National Science

Foundation

Securities and

Exchange Commission

Small Business

Administration

State

Treasury • •

Note: Budget account numbers to which funds are assigned are in parentheses.

Source: Our analysis of appropriations and Office of Management and Budget data, fiscal year

1998.

(711317) Page 19 GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174 International Affairs
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