DOE/EIA-0584 (2002) 

 

Annual Coal Report 

2002 

Energy Information Administration 

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Washington, DC 20585 

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

This report is available on the Web at: 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/acr/acr.pdf

_____________________________________________ 

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical 

agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be not be construed as 

advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization. 
ii Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Contacts 

This publication was prepared by Fred Freme under the 

direction of Betsy O’Brien, Director, Coal, Nuclear, and 

Renewables Fuels Division, Office of Coal, Nuclear, 

Electric and Alternate Fuels within the Energy 

Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. 

Specific information about the data in this report can be 

obtained from Fred Freme at (202) 287-1740, or e-mail 

at Frederick.Freme@eia.doe.gov. Other questions on 

coal statistics should be directed to the National Energy 

Information Center at (202) 586-8800 or e-mail at 

infoctr@eia.doe.gov.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 iii

Preface 

Annual Coal Report (ACR) provides information about 

U.S. coal production, number of mines, prices, 

productivity, employment, productive capacity, and 

recoverable reserves to a wide audience, including 

Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, 

and the general public. This report is published by the 

Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill data 

collection and dissemination responsibilities as specified 

in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 

(Public Law 93-275), as amended. 

This report presents annual data on coal production, 

prices, recoverable reserves, employment, productivity, 

and productive capacity. U.S. coal production, 

employment, and productivity are based on the U.S. 

Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health 

Administration’s Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine 

Employment and Coal Production Report.” Prices, 

recoverable reserves, and productive capacity are based 

on EIA’s annual survey form, EIA-7A, “Coal Production 

Report.” 

This report is the 27th annual report on coal production 

published by EIA and continues the series formerly 

included in the Minerals Yearbook published by the 

Bureau of Mines. 

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels 

acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents in 

supplying the information published in the Annual Coal 

Report and appreciates the valuable assistance of State 

coal mining agencies; the U.S. Department of the 

Interior: the Bureau of Land Management, the Minerals 

Management Service; and the U.S. Department of Labor: 

the Mine Safety and Health Administration. 
iv Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Contents 

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Coal Production........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

Productive Capacity ............................................................................................................................................................... 23

Recoverable Reserves............................................................................................................................................................. 27

Employment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Productivity ............................................................................................................................................................................ 39

Domestic Markets .................................................................................................................................................................. 47

F.O.B. Mine Sales Price ......................................................................................................................................................... 51

Consumer Prices..................................................................................................................................................................... 61

Glossary.................................................................................................................................................................................. 63
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 v

Tables 

1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2002-2001 ................................................................. 8

2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2002.......................................................... 10

3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2002............................................................................... 14

4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2002 ...................................................................................... 15

5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2002..................................................... 16

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2002 ......................................................................... 17

7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2002..................................................................................... 18

8. Coal Disposition by State, 2002..................................................................................................................................... 19

9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2002 ........................................................................................................................................ 20

10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2002 .................................................................................................................................. 21

11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2002, 2001.............................................................................................. 24

12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2002, 2001.............................................................................................. 25

13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 2002......... 26

14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2002, 2001 .................. 28

15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve 

Base by Mining Method, 2002....................................................................................................................................... 29

16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and 

Mining Method, 2002 .................................................................................................................................................... 30

17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production 

Range and Mine Type, 2002 .......................................................................................................................................... 31

18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2002, 2001 .......................................................................... 34

19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 2002....... 35

20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2002 ........................ 37

21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2002, 2001.................................................................................... 40

22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2002................................................................ 42

23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2002..................................................... 43

24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2002...................................................................... 45

25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2002.................................................................................... 48

26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2002, 2001 .............................................. 49

27. Year-End Coal Stocks by End-Use Sector, by Census Division, 2002, 2001................................................................ 50

28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2002, 2001.......................................................... 52

29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2002...................................... 53

30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2002 .......................................... 54

31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2002 .................................................................... 58

32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2002...................................... 59

33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2002................................................................................. 60

34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2002, 2001 .................................. 62
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 1

Executive Summary 

U.S. coal production declined in 2002 by 33.4 million short 

tons to end the year at 1,094.3 million short tons (Table ES 

1), down 3.0 percent from the 2001 level of 1,127.7 million 

short tons. Total coal consumption rose in 2002, with the 

electric power sector increasing consumption by 1.2 

percent, more than enough to offset the decreases in 

consumption experienced by most of the other sectors. 

Total coal stocks increased by 10.6 million short tons, or 

5.8 percent. This phenomenon was a result of both the 

electric power sector continuing to build stockpiles that had 

been depleted substantially during 2000, while coal 

producers increased their stockpiles as a result of only a 

slight increase in coal demand experienced in 2002. 

The sluggish economy coupled with the warm winter 

experienced over most of the country in 2002, helped to 

hold down demand for coal during the first half of the year. 

However, the warmer than normal summer over many parts 

of the nation, helped to increase coal consumption for 

electric power generation for the year. Preliminary data 

show that total electricity generation increased by 3.0 

percent in 2002. However, coal-based generation only 

increased by 1.5 percent, as it was constrained by the 

increased generation by hydroelectric power which rose for 

the first time in five years, as well as an increase in natural 

gas generation for the year. Coal use in the non-electricity 

sector declined by 7.2 percent to a level of 88.8 million 

short tons. 

For the first time in 20 years, the average delivered price of 

coal increased in all three consuming sectors for a second 

consecutive year. The price increase ranged from 0.3 

percent in the electric utility sector to 9.2 percent in the 

coking coal sector and 10.0 percent in the other industrial 

sector. 

Production 

The year 2002 proved to be a very interesting one in the 

coal industry, with declining production of coal, while the 

consumption increased. The lack of demand for coal 

deliveries led to some large companies idling mines for 

periods of time that ranged from a few weeks, to several 

months. As a result, coal production decreased in 2002 by 

3.0 percent to a level of 1,094.3 million short tons (Figure 

ES1 and Table ES1). In a departure from what usually 

occurs in a year of declining U.S. coal production, the 

Western Region increased somewhat, the Interior Region 

fell only slightly, while the Appalachian Region decreased 

significantly (Figure ES1). The drop of 33.4 million short 

tons in U.S. coal production in 2002 was primarily a 

consequence of lower demand by all coal consuming 

sectors due to a weak (sluggish) economy and milder than 

normal weather for many parts of the country during most 

of the year. 

However, there were other factors that had some affect on 

coal production in 2002. The coal industry was still in the 

midst of several legal issues that had some impact on total 

production. The subject of increasing the weight of coal 

trucks used to transport coal in West Virginia was not 

resolved in 2002. The suspension in May of permits by the 

Corps of Engineers office in Huntington, West Virginia 

(covering eastern Kentucky, Ohio, and southern West 

Virginia) due to the ruling in a circuit court, contributed to 

the delay in the opening of new mines in that area. 

Bankruptcies again entered into the coal industry picture as 

both several producers and consumers filed for Chapter 11 

during the year. Some of the coal companies filed for 

bankruptcy protection while they tried to realign their 

finances. The year also saw several other coal mining 

companies exit the coal business as they sold off their 

mining interests to other parties. 

Appalachian Region 

Coal production in the Appalachian Region dropped 

dramatically in 2002 to a total of 396.2 million short tons, a 

level not seen since 1983, as some of the largest coal 

companies in the region idled mines over the course of the 

year. The decline in coal production in the Appalachian 

Region was a result of several factors. Among them were 

the continued decrease in U.S. coal exports (which are 

primarily produced in the East), as well as the lower 

demand for coal deliveries to consumers. 

West Virginia, the largest coal producing State in the 

region and the second largest in the U.S., declined 7.6 

percent to end the year with 150.1 million short tons of 

production. Part of the decrease in coal production in West 

Virginia was the result of the idling of several mines in the 

State for varying periods of time due to the lack of demand 

for coal during the year. Eastern Kentucky produced 99.4 

million short tons of coal in 2002, down by 9.7 million 

short tons, a level not seen since 1978 when a prolonged 

miners strike affected production for the year. 

Pennsylvania produced 68.4 million short tons, a drop of 

7.8 percent from 2001. Maryland was the only State in the 

Appalachian Region to show an increase in coal production 

for the year. Maryland produced 5.1 million short tons of 

coal in 2002, an increase of 10.8 percent. The remaining 

four States in the region (Alabama, Ohio, Tennessee, and 

Virginia) had a decrease in their production levels ranging 

from 2.2 percent decline in Alabama to 16.7 percent drop 

in Ohio. 
2 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table ES1. U.S. Coal Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 2001-2002 

 (Million Short Tons and Dollars per Short Ton) 

Item 2001 2002 

Production by Region 

 Appalachian 431.2 396.2 

 Interior 146.9 146.6 

 Western 547.9 550.4 

 Refuse Recovery 1.8 1.0 

Total 1,127.7 1,094.3 

Consumption by Sector 

 Electric Power 964.4 975.9 

 Coke Plants 26.1 23.7 

 Other Industrial Plants 65.3 60.7 

 Residential/Commercial 4.3 4.4 

Total 1,060.1 1,064.7 

 

Year-End Coal Stocks 

 Electric Power 138.5 142.0 

 Coke Plants 1.5 1.4 

 Other Industrial Plants 6.0 5.8 

 Producers/Distributors 35.9 43.3 

Total 181.9 192.5 

 

Average Delivered Price 

 Electric Utilities $24.68 $24.74 

 Coke Plants $46.42 $50.67 

 Other Industrial Plants $32.26 $35.49 

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sum of stock changes and consumption 

may not equal production, primarily because the supply and disposition data are obtained from different surveys. 

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2002, tables 1; 26; 27; and 34; DOE/EIA-0584 (2002) 

(Washington, DC, November 2003). 

Interior Region 

The Interior Region experienced a slight decrease in coal 

production in 2002, declining only 0.3 million short tons, 

or 0.2 percent. The primary reason coal production for 

the Interior Region did not fall further was that 

Mississippi, with its fourth year of recorded coal 

production ever, increased production by 1.7 million 

short tons, to a level of 2.3 million short tons. This 

additional production was a result of the increased coal 

needs of the Red Hills mine=s only customer, a power 

plant, reaching full commercial operating status in 2002. 

Texas, the largest coal-producing State in the region 

showed a slight increase in coal production, ending the 

year at 45.2 million short tons, up 0.5 percent. This was 

the first increase in Texas coal production in three years. 

Indiana, the second largest coal producing State in the 

Interior Region declined in 2002 by 3.8 percent to 35.3 

million short tons. Coal production in Illinois decreased 

slightly in 2002, down by 1.4 percent while coal 

produciton in Western Kentucky remained level. The 

other States in the Interior Region (Arkansas, Kansas, 

Louisiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma), which accounted 

for only 3.7 percent of the entire region=s production in 

2002, all fluctuated some from their 2001 coal 

production levels. 

Western Region 

Coal production in the Western Region increased slightly 

in 2002, rising by a total of only 2.6 million short tons, or 

0.5 percent. This increase was the smallest experienced 

in the Western Region since 1992. Of the nine States in 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 3

Figure ES1. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region, 2002 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2001; Regional totals do not include refuse recovery.) 

Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2002, Table 1; 

DOE/EIA-0584(2002) (Washington, DC, November 2003). 

the Western Region, only four had increased coal 

production in 2002, Colorado, North Dakota, 

Washington, and Wyoming. The other five States had 

declines in coal production ranging from 0.4 to over 1.8 

million short tons, with causes of the declines ranging 

from lost coal contracts to closing of some mines in the 

region. Wyoming continued its dominance as the biggest 

coal-producing State in the nation, a position it has held 

for 15 consecutive years. In 2002, Wyoming produced a 

record 373.2 million short tons of coal, an increase of 1.2 

percent for the year. This level was 30.5 million short 

tons more than the combined total of the next three 

largest coal producing States (West Virginia, Kentucky, 

and Pennsylvania). The sheer dominance of Wyoming=s 

coal industry in the U.S. is further illustrated by the fact 

that if those three (second tier) States’ production is 

excluded, Wyoming’s coal production level in 2002 was 

just 5.3 million short tons less than the total produced by 

the rest of the 22 coal-producing States. Near the end of 

the year, the Black Thunder mine, one of the largest 

mines in the country, shipped its 750th million short ton 

of coal. This accomplishment was achieved twenty-five 

years after the first coal shipment. 

Colorado produced 35.1 million short tons of coal in 

2002, an increase of 1.7 million short tons. The majority 

of the higher production level is credited to the 1.5 

million short ton increase in production at the West Elk 

mine in Gunnison county. The mine had been bothered 

by high levels of methane, which impeded production, 

but through an extensive work program, it has been able 

to improve methane reduction as well as increase coal 

production. Coal production in Washington was up in 

2002, ending the year at 5.8 million short tons, an 

increase of 1.2 million short tons. The increase was used 

to generate electricity to help replace some of the losses 

due to the still low hydroelectric generation totals in the 

State. Coal production in North Dakota rose by 1.1 

percent in 2002 to end the year at 30.8 million short tons. 

Montana, the second largest coal-producing State in the 

Western Region, had a decline in coal production in 

2002 of 1.8 million short tons, to end the year at 37.4 

million short tons. The decrease was partly due to a lost 

coal contract by one of the mining companies. Coal 

production in Utah fell to 25.3 million short tons, a drop 

of 1.7 million short tons, as a result of the closing of 

three mines in 2001. Alaska had a drop of 0.4 million 

short tons in 2002, to end the year at 1.1 million short 

tons, as a long-term coal contract with an overseas 

electricity supplier expired during the year and was not 

renewed. All of the remaining States in the Western 

Region experienced declines in their coal production 

levels in 2002. 
4 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Consumption 

As the economy recovered slightly in 2002, so did total 

coal consumption. Total coal consumption increased 4.6 

million short tons to reach a level of 1064.7 million short 

tons, still well below the consumption level of 2000. 

Almost 92 percent of all coal consumed in the U.S. was 

in the electric power sector, the driving force for all coal 

consumption. With the exception of the residential and 

commercial sector, all of the other coal consuming 

sectors had declining coal consumption in 2002. 

Coal consumption in the electric power sector increased 

by 11.4 million short tons to end 2002 at 975.9 million 

short tons, still below the 2000 consumption total. Five 

of the nine Census Divisions had an increase in coal 

consumption for electricity generation in 2002, the 

Middle Atlantic, the East North Central, the West North 

Central, the South Atlantic, and the West South Central. 

Of the five Census Divisions in which coal usually 

accounts for over 50 percent of total electric power 

generation from all energy sources, (the East North 

Central, The West North Central, the South Atlantic, the 

East South Central and the Mountain), two of those five 

divisions, the West North Central, and the South 

Atlantic, accounted for over 79 percent of the additional 

increase in coal consumption for the electric power 

sector in 2002 (Figure ES2). Helping to drive the 

increase in total consumption was the hotter-than-normal 

summer weather experienced in July and August over 

many parts of the country in 2002. Overall, the U.S. 

experienced a 17 percent increase in cooling degree-days 

during the summer. The two Census Divisions that 

accounted for most of the increased coal consumption for 

electric power generation had increases of 20 percent 

(West North Central), and 27 percent (South Atlantic) in 

cooling degree-days for the year. 

Overall coal consumption in the non-electric power 

sectors decreased in 2002 for the second consecutive 

year. Although the U.S. Government approved imposing 

duties on many types of imported steel as a move to help 

the struggling domestic steel companies that were still 

operating, coal consumption at coke plants declined in 

2002 by 9.3 percent to 23.7 million short tons. The 

Figure ES2. Electric Power Sector Consumption of Coal by Census Division, 2002 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2001) 

U.S. Total = 975.9 (1.2 %)

Pacific

10.5 (-0.8%)

Mountain

112.7 (-2.8%)

West

North Central

143.0 (3.6%)

West South Central

145.3 (1.7%)

East

South Central

105.8 (-1.9%)

South Atlantic

167.5 (2.5%)

Middle Atlantic

65.4 (4.1%)

New England

7.7 (0.0%)

East

North Central

217.8 (1.3%)

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2002, Table 26, DOE/EIA-0584(2002) 

(Washington, DC, November 2003). 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 5

economic recovery in 2002 did not extend very deeply 

into the manufacturing sector. As a result, coal 

consumption in the other industrial sector decreased by 

6.9 percent to end the year at 60.7 million short tons. 

Although it is the smallest of the coal consuming sectors, 

the amount of coal consumed in the residential and 

commercial sector remained steady in 2002 at 4.4 million 

short tons. 

Coal Prices

On an annual basis, coal prices increased to all sectors 

for the second consecutive year in 2002. The average 

delivered price of coal to electric utilities (a subset of the 

electric power sector) was $24.74 per short ton, an 

increase of 0.3 percent from the 2001 level of $24.68 per 

short ton. Even though there was a shrinking domestic 

coking coal market, the average delivered price of coal to 

coke plants increased in 2002 by 9.2 percent to reach 

$50.67 per short ton. The average price of coal delivered 

to the other industrial sector increased in 2002 by 10.0 

percent, to $35.49 per short ton. 
6 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table ES2. U.S. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region and State, 2001-2002 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region 

and State 2001 2002 

Appalachian Total 

 

 431.2

 

 369.2

 Alabama 19.4 18.9 

 Kentucky, Eastern 109.1 99.4 

 Maryland 4.6 5.1 

 Ohio 25.4 21.2 

 Pennsylvania Total 74.1 68.4 

 Anthracite 1.5 1.3 

 Bituminous 72.7 67.1 

 Tennessee 3.3 3.2 

 Virginia 32.8 30.0 

 West Virginia 162.4 150.1 

 Northern 38.2 34.0 

 Southern 124.2 116.0 

 

Interior Total 

 

 146.9 

 

 146.6 

 Arkansas * * 

 Illinois 33.8 33.3 

 Indiana 36.7 35.3 

 Kansas 0.2 0.2 

 Kentucky, Western 24.7 24.7 

 Louisiana 3.7 3.8 

 Mississippi 0.6 2.3 

 Missouri 0.4 0.2 

 Oklahoma 1.7 1.4 

 Texas 45.0 45.2 

 

Western Total 

 

 547.9 

 

 550.4 

 Alaska 1.5 1.1 

 Arizona 13.4 12.8 

 Colorado 33.4 35.1 

 Montana 39.1 37.4 

 New Mexico 29.6 28.9 

 North Dakota 30.5 30.8 

 Utah 27.0 25.3 

 Washington 4.6 5.8 

 Wyoming 368.7 373.2 

Refuse Recovery 1.8 1.0 

U.S. Total

 

 1,127.7

 

 1,094.3 ________________________________________________________________________ 

* = Less than 50 thousand short tons. 

Note: Totals may not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine Employment 

and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 7

Coal Production 
8 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2002-2001 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2002 2001 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama.................................................... 41 18,931 40 19,364 2.5 -2.2

 Underground........................................... 9 14,916 10 15,172 -10.0 -1.7

 Surface .................................................... 32 4,015 30 4,192 6.7 -4.2

Alaska........................................................ 1 1,146 1 1,514 - -24.3

 Surface .................................................... 1 1,146 1 1,514 - -24.3

Arizona...................................................... 2 12,804 2 13,418 - -4.6

 Surface .................................................... 2 12,804 2 13,418 - -4.6

Arkansas ................................................... 4 14 3 14 33.3 -4.0

 Underground........................................... 1 1 1 1 - -10.6

 Surface .................................................... 3 13 2 13 50.0 -3.5

Colorado ................................................... 13 35,103 13 33,372 - 5.2

 Underground........................................... 8 25,332 8 23,547 - 7.6

 Surface .................................................... 5 9,771 5 9,825 - -0.6

Illinois........................................................ 22 33,314 20 33,783 10.0 -1.4

 Underground........................................... 15 26,931 13 28,112 15.4 -4.2

 Surface .................................................... 7 6,383 7 5,671 - 12.5

Indiana...................................................... 34 35,337 33 36,738 3.0 -3.8

 Underground........................................... 6 7,909 6 7,191 - 10.0

 Surface .................................................... 28 27,428 27 29,546 3.7 -7.2

Kansas....................................................... 1 205 1 176 - 16.2

 Surface .................................................... 1 205 1 176 - 16.2

Kentucky................................................... 427 124,142 467 133,834 -8.6 -7.2

 Underground........................................... 233 75,589 264 80,896 -11.7 -6.6

 Surface .................................................... 194 48,553 203 52,938 -4.4 -8.3

 Eastern..................................................... 399 99,398 440 109,098 -9.3 -8.9

 Underground........................................... 219 56,413 253 61,836 -13.4 -8.8

 Surface .................................................... 180 42,984 187 47,262 -3.7 -9.1

 Western.................................................... 28 24,744 27 24,736 3.7 *

 Underground........................................... 14 19,176 11 19,061 27.3 0.6

 Surface .................................................... 14 5,569 16 5,676 -12.5 -1.9

Louisiana .................................................. 2 3,803 2 3,715 - 2.4

 Surface .................................................... 2 3,803 2 3,715 - 2.4

Maryland .................................................. 17 5,147 15 4,644 13.3 10.8

 Underground........................................... 3 3,328 3 3,245 - 2.6

 Surface .................................................... 14 1,820 12 1,399 16.7 30.0

Mississippi ................................................ 1 2,305 1 604 - 281.8

 Surface .................................................... 1 2,305 1 604 - 281.8

Missouri .................................................... 2 248 2 366 - -32.3

 Surface .................................................... 2 248 2 366 - -32.3

Montana.................................................... 6 37,386 6 39,143 - -4.5

 Surface .................................................... 6 37,386 6 39,143 - -4.5

New Mexico .............................................. 7 28,916 7 29,618 - -2.4

 Underground........................................... 1 1,753 1 680 - 157.8

 Surface .................................................... 6 27,163 6 28,937 - -6.1

North Dakota............................................ 4 30,799 4 30,475 - 1.1

 Surface .................................................... 4 30,799 4 30,475 - 1.1

Ohio........................................................... 60 21,157 60 25,400 - -16.7

 Underground........................................... 9 10,851 10 12,894 -10.0 -15.8

 Surface .................................................... 51 10,306 50 12,506 2.0 -17.6

Oklahoma ................................................. 6 1,406 6 1,714 - -18.0

 Underground........................................... 1 463 1 415 - 11.8

 Surface .................................................... 5 943 5 1,300 - -27.5

Pennsylvania............................................. 254 68,393 266 74,146 -4.5 -7.8

 Underground........................................... 69 55,781 73 58,135 -5.5 -4.0

 Surface .................................................... 185 12,612 193 16,011 -4.1 -21.2

 Anthracite................................................ 67 1,303 68 1,484 -1.5 -12.2

 Underground........................................... 26 305 25 341 4.0 -10.5

 Surface .................................................... 41 998 43 1,143 -4.7 -12.7

 Bituminous............................................... 187 67,090 198 72,662 -5.6 -7.7

 Underground........................................... 43 55,476 48 57,793 -10.4 -4.0

 Surface .................................................... 144 11,614 150 14,868 -4.0 -21.9

Tennessee.................................................. 23 3,166 23 3,324 - -4.8

 Underground........................................... 12 1,085 11 1,321 9.1 -17.9

 Surface .................................................... 11 2,081 12 2,003 -8.3 3.9

Texas ......................................................... 12 45,247 14 45,042 -14.3 0.5

 Surface .................................................... 12 45,247 14 45,042 -14.3 0.5

Utah........................................................... 13 25,304 13 26,966 - -6.2

 Underground........................................... 12 25,036 13 26,966 -7.7 -7.2

 Surface .................................................... 1 268 - - - -

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 9

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2002-2001 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2002 2001 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Virginia ..................................................... 137 29,956 157 32,774 -12.7 -8.6

 Underground........................................... 95 20,491 109 22,503 -12.8 -8.9

 Surface .................................................... 42 9,465 48 10,271 -12.5 -7.9

Washington............................................... 1 5,827 1 4,624 - 26.0

 Surface .................................................... 1 5,827 1 4,624 - 26.0

West Virginia ........................................... 291 150,078 304 162,416 -4.3 -7.6

 Underground........................................... 180 87,918 196 99,550 -8.2 -11.7

 Surface .................................................... 111 62,160 108 62,865 2.8 -1.1

 Northern .................................................. 64 34,032 62 38,170 3.2 -10.8

 Underground........................................... 38 28,683 38 32,753 - -12.4

 Surface .................................................... 26 5,350 24 5,418 8.3 -1.3

 Southern................................................... 227 116,045 242 124,245 -6.2 -6.6

 Underground........................................... 142 59,235 158 66,798 -10.1 -11.3

 Surface .................................................... 85 56,810 84 57,447 1.2 -1.1

Wyoming................................................... 18 373,161 17 368,749 5.9 1.2

 Surface .................................................... 18 373,161 17 368,749 5.9 1.2

 

Appalachian Total ................................... 1,222 396,226 1,305 431,165 -6.4 -8.1

 Underground........................................... 596 250,783 665 274,654 -10.4 -8.7

 Surface .................................................... 626 145,443 640 156,511 -2.2 -7.1

 Northern .................................................. 395 128,730 403 142,360 -2.0 -9.6

 Underground........................................... 119 98,642 124 107,025 -4.0 -7.8

 Surface .................................................... 276 30,088 279 35,335 -1.1 -14.8

 Central ..................................................... 786 248,565 862 269,442 -8.8 -7.7

 Underground........................................... 468 137,225 531 152,457 -11.9 -10.0

 Surface .................................................... 318 111,340 331 116,984 -3.9 -4.8

 Southern................................................... 41 18,931 40 19,364 2.5 -2.2

 Underground........................................... 9 14,916 10 15,172 -10.0 -1.7

 Surface .................................................... 32 4,015 30 4,192 6.7 -4.2

Interior Total............................................ 112 146,622 109 146,890 2.8 -0.2

 Underground........................................... 37 54,480 32 54,780 15.6 -0.5

 Surface .................................................... 75 92,142 77 92,111 -2.6 *

Illinois Basin Total................................... 84 93,395 80 95,258 5.0 -2.0

 Underground........................................... 35 54,016 30 54,364 16.7 -0.6

 Surface .................................................... 49 39,380 50 40,894 -2.0 -3.7

Western Total........................................... 65 550,446 64 547,879 1.6 0.5

 Underground........................................... 21 52,122 22 51,193 -4.5 1.8

 Surface .................................................... 44 498,324 42 496,686 4.8 0.3

 Powder River Basin................................ 18 396,663 17 392,693 5.9 1.0

 Underground........................................... - - - - - -

 Surface .................................................... 18 396,663 17 392,693 5.9 1.0

 Uinta Region............................................ 23 59,504 22 59,685 4.5 -0.3

 Underground........................................... 19 50,056 19 50,244 - -0.4

 Surface .................................................... 4 9,448 3 9,441 33.3 *

 

East of Miss. River................................... 1,307 491,927 1,386 527,027 -5.7 -6.7

West of Miss. River.................................. 92 601,368 92 598,908 - 0.4

 

U.S. Subtotal............................................. 1,399 1,093,295 1,478 1,125,935 -5.3 -2.9

 

Refuse Recovery....................................... 27 988 34 1,754 -20.6 -43.7

 

 U.S. Total .................................................. 1,426 1,094,283 1,512 1,127,689 -5.7 -3.0

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
10 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama ................................................... 9 14,916 32 4,015 41 18,931

 Bibb......................................................... - - 1 11 1 11

 Fayette..................................................... - - 1 10 1 10

 Jefferson.................................................. 3 5,950 6 591 9 6,541

 Marion..................................................... - - 1 52 1 52

 Shelby ..................................................... 1 30 - - 1 30

 Tuscaloosa .............................................. 4 8,893 6 896 10 9,789

 Walker..................................................... 1 43 15 2,180 16 2,224

 Winston................................................... - - 2 276 2 276

Alaska ....................................................... - - 1 1,146 1 1,146

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division ...................... - - 1 1,146 1 1,146

Arizona ..................................................... - - 2 12,804 2 12,804

 Navajo..................................................... - - 2 12,804 2 12,804

Arkansas .................................................. 1 1 3 13 4 14

 Johnson ................................................... - - 1 * 1 *

 Sebastian................................................. 1 1 2 12 3 13

Colorado .................................................. 8 25,332 5 9,771 13 35,103

 Delta........................................................ 1 5,396 - - 1 5,396

 Garfield................................................... 1 327 - - 1 327

 Gunnison................................................. 3 9,634 - - 3 9,634

 La Plata ................................................... 1 312 - - 1 312

 Las Animas ............................................. - - 1 204 1 204

 Moffat ..................................................... - - 2 7,388 2 7,388

 Montrose................................................. - - 1 386 1 386

 Rio Blanco .............................................. 1 2,089 - - 1 2,089

 Routt ....................................................... 1 7,573 1 1,792 2 9,366

Illinois ....................................................... 15 26,931 7 6,383 22 33,314

 Gallatin ................................................... 1 190 2 3,884 3 4,075

 Jackson.................................................... - - 1 1,296 1 1,296

 Jefferson.................................................. 1 1,670 - - 1 1,670

 Macoupin ................................................ 2 4,872 - - 2 4,872

 Mcdonough............................................. - - 1 479 1 479

 Montgomery ........................................... 1 2,019 - - 1 2,019

 Perry........................................................ - - 1 440 1 440

 Randolph................................................. 1 2,549 - - 1 2,549

 Saline ...................................................... 4 8,633 - - 4 8,633

 Sangamon ............................................... 1 1,759 - - 1 1,759

 Vermilion................................................ 2 1,900 - - 2 1,900

 Wabash ................................................... 1 1,491 1 8 2 1,498

 White....................................................... 1 1,847 - - 1 1,847

 Williamson.............................................. - - 1 276 1 276

Indiana ..................................................... 6 7,909 28 27,428 34 35,337

 Clay......................................................... - - 3 1,150 3 1,150

 Daviess.................................................... - - 3 3,590 3 3,590

 Gibson..................................................... 1 1,933 5 9,932 6 11,864

 Greene..................................................... - - 2 280 2 280

 Knox ....................................................... 4 3,636 3 1,918 7 5,554

 Parke ....................................................... - - 1 85 1 85

 Pike ......................................................... 1 2,341 4 3,128 5 5,469

 Spencer ................................................... - - 1 412 1 412

 Sullivan................................................... - - 1 1,293 1 1,293

 Vigo ........................................................ - - 2 4,455 2 4,455

 Warrick ................................................... - - 3 1,184 3 1,184

Kansas ...................................................... - - 1 205 1 205

 Linn......................................................... - - 1 205 1 205

Kentucky .................................................. 233 75,589 194 48,553 427 124,142

 Bell.......................................................... 9 1,277 8 1,242 17 2,519

 Breathitt .................................................. - - 4 1,435 4 1,435

 Christian.................................................. - - 1 119 1 119

 Clay......................................................... 1 39 4 64 5 103

 Daviess.................................................... - - 1 247 1 247

 Floyd....................................................... 24 1,797 8 1,073 32 2,870

 Harlan ..................................................... 28 8,576 13 2,208 41 10,784

 Henderson............................................... 1 1,462 1 1,097 2 2,559

 Hopkins................................................... 4 2,294 4 2,007 8 4,300

 Jackson.................................................... - - 3 23 3 23

 Johnson ................................................... 3 467 2 46 5 513

 Knott ....................................................... 23 5,544 21 5,241 44 10,784

 Knox ....................................................... 10 273 5 144 15 417

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 11

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2002 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Laurel...................................................... - - 1 34 1 34

 Lawrence................................................. 1 580 5 921 6 1,501

 Lee .......................................................... - - 1 49 1 49

 Leslie....................................................... 7 4,192 8 1,907 15 6,099

 Letcher.................................................... 22 5,716 15 3,234 37 8,951

 Magoffin ................................................. - - 1 20 1 20

 Martin ..................................................... 11 4,550 8 4,957 19 9,508

 Mclean .................................................... - - 1 277 1 277

 Morgan.................................................... - - 1 11 1 11

 Muhlenberg............................................. 2 3,257 5 1,807 7 5,064

 Ohio ........................................................ 1 345 1 15 2 360

 Owsley .................................................... - - 3 48 3 48

 Perry........................................................ 9 4,762 21 8,760 30 13,522

 Pike ......................................................... 69 18,501 44 11,500 113 30,001

 Union ...................................................... 3 3,819 - - 3 3,819

 Webster................................................... 3 7,999 - - 3 7,999

 Whitley ................................................... 2 137 4 67 6 204

Louisiana ................................................. - - 2 3,803 2 3,803

 De Soto ................................................... - - 1 3,193 1 3,193

 Red River................................................ - - 1 609 1 609

Maryland ................................................. 3 3,328 14 1,820 17 5,147

 Allegany.................................................. 1 7 11 1,619 12 1,626

 Garrett..................................................... 2 3,321 3 200 5 3,521

Mississippi ............................................... - - 1 2,305 1 2,305

 Choctaw .................................................. - - 1 2,305 1 2,305

Missouri ................................................... - - 2 248 2 248

 Bates ....................................................... - - 2 248 2 248

Montana ................................................... - - 6 37,386 6 37,386

 Big Horn ................................................. - - 3 24,237 3 24,237

 Richland.................................................. - - 1 328 1 328

 Rosebud .................................................. - - 2 12,820 2 12,820

New Mexico ............................................. 1 1,753 6 27,163 7 28,916

 Colfax ..................................................... - - 1 660 1 660

 Mckinley................................................. - - 2 12,677 2 12,677

 San Juan.................................................. 1 1,753 3 13,826 4 15,579

North Dakota ........................................... - - 4 30,799 4 30,799

 Mclean .................................................... - - 1 7,622 1 7,622

 Mercer..................................................... - - 2 18,654 2 18,654

 Oliver...................................................... - - 1 4,523 1 4,523

Ohio .......................................................... 9 10,851 51 10,306 60 21,157

 Athens..................................................... 1 1,158 - - 1 1,158

 Belmont................................................... 1 3,871 8 1,999 9 5,871

 Carroll..................................................... 1 36 3 110 4 146

 Columbiana............................................. 1 356 5 150 6 506

 Coshocton ............................................... - - 1 252 1 252

 Gallia....................................................... - - 1 271 1 271

 Guernsey................................................. - - 2 59 2 59

 Harrison .................................................. 1 1,351 6 1,533 7 2,884

 Holmes.................................................... - - 1 10 1 10

 Jackson.................................................... - - 2 844 2 844

 Jefferson.................................................. 2 310 5 548 7 858

 Mahoning................................................ - - 1 7 1 7

 Meigs ...................................................... 1 417 - - 1 417

 Monroe.................................................... 1 3,352 - - 1 3,352

 Muskingum............................................. - - 1 478 1 478

 Noble....................................................... - - 1 453 1 453

 Perry........................................................ - - 1 825 1 825

 Stark........................................................ - - 3 673 3 673

 Tuscarawas ............................................. - - 8 853 8 853

 Vinton ..................................................... - - 2 1,241 2 1,241

Oklahoma ................................................ 1 463 5 943 6 1,406

 Craig ....................................................... - - 1 184 1 184

 Haskell .................................................... - - 1 406 1 406

 Le Flore................................................... 1 463 1 280 2 743

 Okmulgee................................................ - - 1 3 1 3

 Rogers..................................................... - - 1 70 1 70

Pennsylvania ............................................ 69 55,781 185 12,612 254 68,393

 Allegheny................................................ 1 * - - 1 *

 Armstrong............................................... 12 3,563 11 793 23 4,357

 Beaver..................................................... 1 270 - - 1 270

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
12 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2002 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Bedford ................................................... - - 1 13 1 13

 Butler ...................................................... - - 3 330 3 330

 Cambria................................................... 1 248 8 680 9 927

 Centre...................................................... - - 1 24 1 24

 Clarion .................................................... - - 6 458 6 458

 Clearfield ................................................ 1 42 32 2,912 33 2,954

 Columbia................................................. 1 * 4 84 5 84

 Dauphin................................................... 1 * - - 1 *

 Elk........................................................... - - 3 353 3 353

 Fayette..................................................... - - 10 350 10 350

 Greene..................................................... 8 41,046 5 413 13 41,460

 Indiana .................................................... 9 2,255 15 637 24 2,892

 Jefferson.................................................. 1 119 13 737 14 856

 Lackawanna ............................................ - - 2 16 2 16

 Lawrence................................................. - - 2 60 2 60

 Luzerne ................................................... - - 7 387 7 387

 Lycoming................................................ - - 1 224 1 224

 Northumberland...................................... 7 193 1 9 8 201

 Schuylkill................................................ 17 112 26 503 43 615

 Somerset ................................................. 7 1,458 18 2,837 25 4,295

 Sullivan................................................... - - 1 1 1 1

 Venango.................................................. - - 2 49 2 49

 Washington............................................. 2 6,475 5 552 7 7,027

 Westmoreland......................................... - - 8 192 8 192

Tennessee ................................................. 12 1,085 11 2,081 23 3,166

 Anderson................................................. 1 17 2 42 3 58

 Campbell................................................. 5 452 3 562 8 1,014

 Claiborne................................................. 5 464 4 1,170 9 1,634

 Cumberland............................................. - - 1 292 1 292

 Fentress................................................... - - 1 15 1 15

 Scott ........................................................ 1 153 - - 1 153

Texas ........................................................ - - 12 45,247 12 45,247

 Atascosa.................................................. - - 1 3,293 1 3,293

 Freestone................................................. - - 1 4,278 1 4,278

 Harrison .................................................. - - 1 4,028 1 4,028

 Hopkins................................................... - - 1 2,354 1 2,354

 Leon ........................................................ - - 1 6,730 1 6,730

 Milam...................................................... - - 1 5,574 1 5,574

 Panola ..................................................... - - 1 7,247 1 7,247

 Robertson................................................ - - 1 1,929 1 1,929

 Rusk ........................................................ - - 1 4,460 1 4,460

 Titus ........................................................ - - 2 5,331 2 5,331

 Webb....................................................... - - 1 22 1 22

Utah .......................................................... 12 25,036 1 268 13 25,304

 Carbon..................................................... 6 9,195 1 268 7 9,463

 Emery...................................................... 4 7,288 - - 4 7,288

 Sevier...................................................... 2 8,552 - - 2 8,552

Virginia .................................................... 95 20,491 42 9,465 137 29,956

 Buchanan ................................................ 31 8,186 14 1,862 45 10,048

 Dickenson ............................................... 16 2,452 4 328 20 2,779

 Lee .......................................................... 2 77 1 180 3 257

 Russell..................................................... 3 166 3 390 6 557

 Tazewell.................................................. 7 1,184 1 252 8 1,435

 Wise ........................................................ 36 8,426 19 6,453 55 14,879

Washington .............................................. - - 1 5,827 1 5,827

 Lewis....................................................... - - 1 5,827 1 5,827

West Virginia .......................................... 180 87,918 111 62,160 291 150,078

 Barbour................................................... 6 815 3 101 9 916

 Boone...................................................... 23 16,220 17 15,713 40 31,932

 Brooke..................................................... 1 1,270 - - 1 1,270

 Clay......................................................... 1 1 2 4,214 3 4,215

 Fayette..................................................... 3 1,041 10 3,439 13 4,479

 Grant ....................................................... 2 203 1 1,234 3 1,437

 Greenbrier............................................... 3 633 1 124 4 757

 Harrison .................................................. 5 5,767 4 238 9 6,006

 Kanawha ................................................. 7 8,333 8 6,732 15 15,065

 Lincoln.................................................... 3 327 - - 3 327

 Logan ...................................................... 8 3,437 11 6,928 19 10,365

 Marion..................................................... 1 2 3 86 4 88

 Marshall .................................................. 1 4,797 - - 1 4,797

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 13

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2002 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

West Virginia (continued) 

 Mcdowell ................................................ 43 2,630 8 2,066 51 4,696

 Mercer..................................................... - - 1 6 1 6

 Mineral.................................................... - - 2 69 2 69

 Mingo...................................................... 19 9,625 11 9,927 30 19,552

 Monongalia............................................. 5 6,195 5 340 10 6,535

 Nicholas .................................................. 5 639 4 4,330 9 4,969

 Ohio ........................................................ 1 3,359 - - 1 3,359

 Preston .................................................... 1 2,422 4 42 5 2,464

 Raleigh.................................................... 10 7,395 4 581 14 7,977

 Tucker..................................................... - - 1 131 1 131

 Upshur..................................................... 7 1,242 2 58 9 1,300

 Wayne..................................................... 4 3,748 1 377 5 4,124

 Webster................................................... 8 2,610 1 3,051 9 5,661

 Wyoming ................................................ 13 5,207 7 2,375 20 7,582

Wyoming .................................................. - - 18 373,161 18 373,161

 Campbell................................................. - - 12 332,796 12 332,796

 Carbon..................................................... - - 2 715 2 715

 Converse ................................................. - - 1 26,809 1 26,809

 Lincoln.................................................... - - 1 4,242 1 4,242

 Sweetwater.............................................. - - 2 8,599 2 8,599

 

U.S. Subtotal............................................. 654 357,385 745 735,910 1,399 1,093,295

 

Refuse Recovery....................................... - - - - 27 988

 

 U.S. Total .................................................. 654 357,385 745 735,910 1,426 1,094,283

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Coal production is attributed to the county in which the mine originally opened, unless the mine crosses State boundaries. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
14 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2

 Conventional3 Longwall4 Other5 Total 

Alabama............................................ 120 - 14,796 - 14,916

Arkansas ........................................... - - - 1 1

Colorado ........................................... 1,235 - 24,097 - 25,332

Illinois............................................... 15,689 - 11,242 - 26,931

Indiana .............................................. 7,909 - - - 7,909

Kentucky Total ................................. 62,645 4,669 8,199 75 75,589

 Eastern ............................................ 48,700 4,669 2,969 75 56,413

 Western........................................... 13,946 - 5,230 - 19,176

Maryland........................................... 373 - 2,948 7 3,328

New Mexico...................................... - - 1,753 - 1,753

Ohio .................................................. 2,053 1,158 7,640 - 10,851

Oklahoma.......................................... 463 - - - 463

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 8,322 50 47,352 57 55,781

 Anthracite ....................................... 198 50 - 57 305

 Bituminous...................................... 8,124 - 47,352 * 55,476

Tennessee.......................................... 1,075 - - 10 1,085

Utah................................................... 1,787 - 23,246 4 25,036

Virginia............................................. 14,222 - 6,238 32 20,491

West Virginia Total .......................... 47,450 147 40,254 67 87,918

 Northern.......................................... 9,200 54 19,417 12 28,683

 Southern.......................................... 38,251 93 20,837 55 59,235

 

Appalachian Total .......................... 122,314 6,024 122,197 248 250,783

 Northern......................................... 19,947 1,262 77,357 76 98,642

 Central............................................ 102,247 4,762 30,044 172 137,225

 Southern......................................... 120 - 14,796 - 14,916

Interior Total................................... 38,007 - 16,473 1 54,480

 Illinois Basin.................................. 37,543 - 16,473 - 54,016

Western Total.................................. 3,022 - 49,096 4 52,122

 Powder River Basin....................... - ----

 Uinta Region.................................. 2,710 - 47,343 4 50,056

 

East of Miss. River.......................... 159,857 6,024 138,670 248 304,799

West of Miss. River......................... 3,486 - 49,096 4 52,586

 

U.S. Total ......................................... 163,343 6,024 187,766 252 357,385 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

4

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 5

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method, or mines 

that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 15

Table 4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coalbed Thickness 

(inches) Underground Surface Total 

< 7 ................................................................ - 148 148

7-12.............................................................. - 2,783 2,783

13-18............................................................ - 7,036 7,036

19-24............................................................ 184 14,461 14,646

25-30............................................................ 2,992 21,278 24,270

31-36............................................................ 18,181 25,133 43,315

37-42............................................................ 18,671 26,240 44,911

43-48............................................................ 40,290 26,433 66,723

49-54............................................................ 29,638 17,979 47,617

55-60............................................................ 39,366 27,172 66,538

61-66............................................................ 17,652 16,643 34,294

67-72............................................................ 56,295 11,097 67,392

73-78............................................................ 33,264 12,137 45,401

79-84............................................................ 26,088 9,056 35,144

85-90............................................................ 16,306 4,749 21,055

91-96............................................................ 11,539 6,183 17,722

97-102.......................................................... 7,455 7,036 14,491

103-108........................................................ 8,648 17,890 26,538

109-114........................................................ 5,795 11,368 17,163

115-120........................................................ 811 1,664 2,475

> 120 ............................................................ 23,959 468,822 492,781

Unknown1 ................................................... 252 603 1,843

U.S. Total .................................................... 357,385 735,910 1,094,283 

1

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
16 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2002 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Thickness 

Coalbed ID Number (inches) 1

Coalbed Name 

Underground Surface Total Average2

 Low High 

1699 Wyodak............................................... - 321,748 321,748 760 56 1,000

0036 Pittsburgh............................................ 75,976 2,976 78,951 72 24 159

0489 No. 9 ................................................... 30,574 10,658 41,232 63 42 86

0111 Hazard No. 5-A................................... 8,806 23,655 32,462 70 11 138

1569 Beulah-Zap ......................................... - 28,692 28,692 184 144 210

1697 Canyon................................................ - 25,260 25,260 625 331 840

0151 Upper Elkhorn No. 3 .......................... 17,130 4,391 21,521 53 14 99

0484 Herrin (Illinois No. 6)......................... 16,655 4,587 21,242 73 34 96

0103 Stockton-Lewiston.............................. 5,088 15,985 21,073 75 12 240

0135 Hazard No. 4....................................... 11,764 6,785 18,549 47 20 90

0084 Lower Kittanning................................ 6,876 10,049 16,925 53 12 86

1808 Rosebud .............................................. - 15,779 15,779 267 216 288

1696 Anderson-Dietz 1-Dietz 2................... - 15,344 15,344 809 600 960

0168 Pond Creek ......................................... 11,365 2,030 13,395 59 14 96

0176 Eagle ................................................... 12,031 1,050 13,081 53 9 67

1787 Roland................................................. - 12,698 12,698 540 518 660

0142 Williamson (Amburgy) ...................... 8,946 2,609 11,555 44 18 72

1753 Somerset B.......................................... 11,127 - 11,127 161 90 264

1488 Fruitland No. 8.................................... 1,753 8,767 10,521 241 162 360

0344 Pocahontas No. 3 ................................ 10,375 - 10,375 64 39 75

1750 Wadge................................................. 7,573 1,739 9,312 116 108 150

0483 Hymera (Indiana No. VI) ................... - 9,051 9,051 41 15 70

0071 Upper Freeport.................................... 5,618 3,127 8,745 57 13 84

0076 Upper Kittanning ............................... 3,387 5,076 8,462 53 12 81

0170 Powellton............................................ 7,643 635 8,278 52 22 66

Major Coalbeds Total ................................. 252,686 532,690 785,376 402 9 1,000

 

Other Coalbeds ............................................ 104,447 202,617 307,064 89 5 830

 

Unknown3 ..................................................... 252 603 1,843 NA NA NA

 

U.S. Total ...................................................... 357,385 735,910 1,094,283 313 5 1,000 

1

 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal zones. See Coalbed name 

discussion in note below. 2

 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 

3

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 NA = This estimated value is not available due to insufficient data or inadequate data/model performance. 

 Notes: • Major coalbeds for this table are the top 25 producing coalbeds. The category "Other Coalbeds" includes all coalbeds from which less than 8.3 million short tons 

were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the 

geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and 

even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are also included in "Other Coalbeds," even though production may exceed 8.3 million short tons. Totals may not 

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that 

coalbed. The States having greatest production for each coalbed are Eastern Kentucky (coalbeds 0111, 0135, 0142, 0151, 0168, and 0176); West Virginia (0036, 0076, 0084, 

0103, 0170, and 0344); Pennsylvania (0071); Western Kentucky (0489); Illinois (0484); Indiana (0483); Colorado (1750, and 1753); New Mexico (1488); North Dakota (1569); 

Montana (1696, and 1808); and Wyoming (1697, 1699, and 1787). In some other States where these are major producing beds, the following alternative coalbed names are also 

used: 0084, No 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Coalburg (West Virginia); 0135, Chilton (West Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennessee); Taggert (Virginia); Cedar Grove (West 

Virginia); 0168, No 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0484, No 11 (Western Kentucky); 0489, No 5 (Illinois and Indiana). 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 17

Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production 

Alabama........................................ 39 18,920 - - - - - - 39 18,920

Alaska ........................................... - - 1 1,146 - - - - 1 1,146

Arizona ......................................... 2 12,804 - - - - - - 2 12,804

Arkansas ....................................... 1 12 - - - - - - 1 12

Colorado ....................................... 11 27,715 2 7,388 - - - - 13 35,103

Illinois........................................... 21 33,307 - - - - - - 21 33,307

Indiana .......................................... 32 35,321 - - - - - - 32 35,321

Kansas........................................... 1 205 - - - - - - 1 205

Kentucky Total ............................. 365 123,883 - - - - - - 365 123,883

 Eastern ........................................ 337 99,139 - - - - - - 337 99,139

 Western....................................... 28 24,744 - - - - - - 28 24,744

Louisiana....................................... - - - - 2 3,803 - - 2 3,803

Maryland....................................... 14 5,122 - - - - - - 14 5,122

Mississippi .................................... - - - - 1 2,305 - - 1 2,305

Missouri ........................................ 2 248 - - - - - - 2 248

Montana ........................................ - - 5 37,058 1 328 - - 6 37,386

New Mexico2 ................................ 5 14,428 2 14,488 - - - - 7 28,916

North Dakota ................................ - - - - 4 30,799 - - 4 30,799

Ohio .............................................. 51 21,109 - - - - - - 51 21,109

Oklahoma...................................... 5 1,403 - - - - - - 5 1,403

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 145 66,921 - - - - 29 1,189 174 68,110

 Anthracite ................................... - - - - - - 29 1,189 29 1,189

 Bituminous.................................. 145 66,921 - - - - - - 145 66,921

Tennessee...................................... 20 3,151 - - - - - - 20 3,151

Texas............................................. 1 22 - - 11 45,225 - - 12 45,247

Utah............................................... 12 25,300 - - - - - - 12 25,300

Virginia......................................... 128 29,909 - - - - - - 128 29,909

Washington................................... - - 1 5,827 - - - - 1 5,827

West Virginia Total ...................... 264 149,943 - - - - - - 264 149,943

 Northern...................................... 56 33,998 - - - - - - 56 33,998

 Southern...................................... 208 115,945 - - - - - - 208 115,945

Wyoming ...................................... 2 715 16 372,447 - - - - 18 373,161

 

Appalachian Total ...................... 998 394,214 - - - - 29 1,189 1,027 395,403

 Northern..................................... 266 127,150 - - - - 29 1,189 295 128,339

 Central........................................ 693 248,144 - - - - - - 693 248,144

 Southern..................................... 39 18,920 - - - - - - 39 18,920

Interior Total............................... 91 95,261 - - 14 51,332 - - 105 146,594

 Illinois Basin.............................. 81 93,372 - - - - - - 81 93,372

Western Total.............................. 32 80,962 27 438,353 5 31,127 - - 64 550,443

 Powder River Basin................... - - 18 396,663 - - - - 18 396,663

 Uinta Region.............................. 20 52,112 2 7,388 - - - - 22 59,500

 

East of Miss. River...................... 1,079 487,586 - - 1 2,305 29 1,189 1,109 491,081

West of Miss. River..................... 42 82,852 27 438,353 18 80,154 - - 87 601,359

 

U.S. Subtotal................................ 1,121 570,438 27 438,353 19 82,459 29 1,189 1,196 1,092,440

 

Unknown3 .................................... - - - - - - - - 213 890

 

Refuse Recovery4 ........................ 14 896 - - - - 3 58 17 953

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 1,135 571,334 27 438,353 19 82,459 32 1,247 1,426 1,094,283 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 One Mine in New Mexico periodically produces both bituminous and subbituminous coal. When this occurs, it is double counted as a subbituminous and bituminous mine, 

but is not double counted in the total. 3

 Includes all mines and refuse recovery operations producing less than 10,000 short tons. 

4

 Excludes refuse recovery operations producing less than 10,000 short tons. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
18 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Union Nonunion Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama..................................................... 14,796 - 120 4,004 14,916 4,004

Alaska ........................................................ - - - 1,146 - 1,146

Arizona ...................................................... - 12,804 - - - 12,804

Arkansas .................................................... - - - 12 - 12

Colorado .................................................... 2,089 4,218 23,243 5,553 25,332 9,771

Illinois........................................................ 12,853 2,227 14,079 4,148 26,931 6,376

Indiana ....................................................... - 3,806 7,909 23,606 7,909 27,412

Kansas........................................................ - - - 205 - 205

Kentucky Total .......................................... 7,368 3,419 68,145 44,950 75,514 48,369

 Eastern ..................................................... 147 2,623 56,191 40,177 56,338 42,800

 Western.................................................... 7,222 796 11,954 4,773 19,176 5,569

Louisiana.................................................... - - - 3,803 - 3,803

Maryland.................................................... - - 3,321 1,801 3,321 1,801

Mississippi ................................................. - - - 2,305 - 2,305

Missouri ..................................................... - - - 248 - 248

Montana ..................................................... - 28,460 - 8,925 - 37,386

New Mexico............................................... 1,753 20,774 - 6,389 1,753 27,163

North Dakota ............................................. - 7,524 - 23,275 - 30,799

Ohio ........................................................... 4,288 258 6,563 10,000 10,851 10,258

Oklahoma................................................... - - 463 940 463 940

Pennsylvania Total .................................... 28,147 635 27,577 11,751 55,724 12,386

 Anthracite ................................................ - 333 248 608 248 941

 Bituminous............................................... 28,147 302 27,329 11,143 55,476 11,445

Tennessee................................................... 188 - 887 2,076 1,075 2,076

Texas.......................................................... - 29,244 - 16,002 - 45,247

Utah............................................................ 4,963 - 20,070 268 25,033 268

Virginia...................................................... 4,304 521 16,155 8,929 20,459 9,450

Washington................................................ - 5,827 - - - 5,827

West Virginia Total ................................... 38,108 13,344 49,743 48,749 87,851 62,092

 Northern................................................... 19,966 - 8,704 5,328 28,670 5,328

 Southern................................................... 18,142 13,344 41,039 43,421 59,181 56,764

Wyoming ................................................... - 10,024 - 363,137 - 373,161

 

Appalachian Total ................................... 89,979 17,381 160,556 127,487 250,535 144,868

 Northern.................................................. 52,401 893 46,165 28,880 98,566 29,773

 Central..................................................... 22,781 16,488 114,272 94,603 137,053 111,091

 Southern.................................................. 14,796 - 120 4,004 14,916 4,004

Interior Total............................................ 20,074 36,073 34,405 56,042 54,479 92,115

 Illinois Basin........................................... 20,074 6,829 33,942 32,527 54,016 39,356

Western Total........................................... 8,805 89,633 43,313 408,692 52,118 498,324

 Powder River Basin................................ - 28,132 - 368,530 - 396,663

 Uinta Region........................................... 7,051 3,832 43,001 5,616 50,052 9,448

 

East of Miss. River................................... 110,053 24,210 194,498 162,320 304,551 186,529

West of Miss. River.................................. 8,805 118,877 43,777 429,901 52,582 548,778

 

Unknown2 ................................................. - - - - 252 603

 

U.S. Total .................................................. 118,858 143,087 238,275 592,220 357,385 735,910 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Excludes refuse recovery operations. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 19

Table 8. Coal Disposition by State, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market Sales1

 Captive Sales/Transactions2 Total 

Alabama....................................................... 18,221 703 18,924

Alaska .......................................................... W - W

Arizona ........................................................ W - W

Arkansas ...................................................... W - W

Colorado ...................................................... 32,554 2,486 35,041

Illinois.......................................................... 32,989 44 33,034

Indiana ......................................................... 34,572 807 35,380

Kansas.......................................................... W - W

Kentucky Total ............................................ 120,923 2,911 123,834

 Eastern ....................................................... 98,297 863 99,160

 Western...................................................... 22,626 2,048 24,674

Louisiana...................................................... W W W

Maryland...................................................... 4,586 374 4,960

Mississippi ................................................... W - W

Missouri ....................................................... W - W

Montana ....................................................... 36,555 696 37,250

New Mexico................................................. 27,977 - 27,977

North Dakota ............................................... 31,003 - 31,003

Ohio ............................................................. 18,482 2,411 20,894

Oklahoma..................................................... 1,393 - 1,393

Pennsylvania Total ...................................... 66,932 1,199 68,131

 Anthracite .................................................. 1,227 - 1,227

 Bituminous................................................. 65,705 1,199 66,904

Tennessee..................................................... 3,237 - 3,237

Texas............................................................ 9,119 36,543 45,662

Utah.............................................................. 19,234 5,157 24,391

Virginia........................................................ 28,399 1,238 29,637

Washington.................................................. - W W

West Virginia Total ..................................... 142,788 5,912 148,701

 Northern..................................................... 32,031 2,054 34,084

 Southern..................................................... 110,758 3,859 114,616

Wyoming ..................................................... 354,539 18,495 373,034

U.S. Total3

................................................... 1,003,161 86,401 1,089,562 

1

 Open market sales include all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive sales transactions include all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 3

 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
20 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2002 

Rank Mine Names/Company Mine Type State Production 

(short tons) 

1 North Antelope Rochelle Comple/Powder River Coal Company Surface Wyoming 74,792,642

2 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Company, LLC Surface Wyoming 65,125,564

3 Cordero Mine/Cordero Mining Co. Surface Wyoming 38,277,100

4 Jacobs Ranch Mine/Jacobs Ranch Coal Company Surface Wyoming 31,728,341

5 Antelope Coal Mine/Antelope Coal Company Surface Wyoming 26,808,505

6 Caballo Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 25,967,932

7 Eagle Butte Mine/Rag Coal West, Inc. Surface Wyoming 24,901,828

8 North Rochelle/Triton Coal Company LLC Surface Wyoming 23,883,760

9 Buckskin Mine/Triton Coal Company Surface Wyoming 18,334,186

10 Belle Ayr Mine/Rag Coal West Incorp Surface Wyoming 17,431,329

11 Freedom Mine/The Coteau Properties Company Surface North Dakota 15,653,071

12 Decker Mine/Decker Coal Co. Surface Montana 10,028,398

13 Rosebud #6 Mine&Crusher & Conv/Western Energy Company Surface Montana 10,015,036

14 Bailey Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 9,660,905

15 Enlow Fork Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 9,569,787

16 Spring Creek Coal Company/Spring Creek Coal Company Surface Montana 8,925,368

17 Kayenta/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 8,233,863

18 Navajo Mine/Bhp Navajo Coal Company Surface New Mexico 8,099,216

19 Falkirk Mine/The Falkirk Mining Company Surface North Dakota 7,621,709

20 Sufco/Canyon Fuel Company LLC Underground Utah 7,600,348

21 Foidel Creek Mine/Twentymile Coal Company Underground Colorado 7,573,438

22 Beckville Strip/Txu Mining Company LP Surface Texas 7,246,826

23 Jewett Mine/Northwestern Resources Company Surface Texas 6,730,459

24 Cumberland Mine/Rag Cumberland Resources LP Underground Pennsylvania 6,636,700

25 Emerald Mine #1/Rag Emerald Resources LP Underground Pennsylvania 6,564,616

26 West Elk Mine/Mountain Coal Company LLC Underground Colorado 6,556,211

27 Lee Ranch Coal Co./Lee Ranch Coal Company Surface New Mexico 6,388,727

28 Galatia Mine/The American Coal Company Underground Illinois 6,303,728

29 Mckinley/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Surface New Mexico 6,288,202

30 Centralia Coal Mine/Trans Alta Centralia Mining LLC Surface Washington 5,827,162

31 Jim Bridger Mine/Bridger Coal Company Surface Wyoming 5,782,014

32 Sandow Mine/Alcoa Inc Surface Texas 5,573,795

33 Bowie Mine #2/Bowie Resources Ltd Underground Colorado 5,396,329

34 Colowyo Mine/Colowyo Coal Company LP Surface Colorado 5,348,392

35 Absaloka Mine/Washington Group International Surface Montana 5,283,532

36 Hobet 21 Surface Mine/Hobet Mining, Inc. Surface West Virginia 5,031,770

37 Robinson Run No. 95/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 4,995,507

38 Federal No 2/Eastern Associated Coal Corp Underground West Virginia 4,994,916

39 Samples Mine/Catenary Coal Company Surface West Virginia 4,986,374

40 Dry Fork Mine/Dry Fork Coal Company Surface Wyoming 4,889,214

41 Blacksville No 2/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 4,816,887

42 Mcelroy Mine/Mc Elroy Coal Company Underground West Virginia 4,797,128

43 Black Mesa/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 4,570,194

44 Center Mine/Bni Coal, Ltd. Surface North Dakota 4,522,831

45 Dotiki Mine/Webster County Coal LLC Underground Kentucky 4,498,859

46 Oak Hill Strip/Txu Mining Company LP Surface Texas 4,459,964

47 Big Brown Strip/Txu Mining Company LP Surface Texas 4,278,122

48 No 1 Surface/Alex Energy, Inc. Surface West Virginia 4,274,099

49 Kemmerer Mine/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Surface Wyoming 4,242,456

50 Surface Mine No. 2/Fola Coal Company, LLC Surface West Virginia 4,182,510

51 Farmersburg Mine/Black Beauty Coal Company Surface Indiana 4,077,765

52 Buchanan Mine #1/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Virginia 4,062,806

53 South Hallsville No 1 Mine/The Sabine Mining Company Surface Texas 4,028,315

54 La Plata Mine/San Juan Coal Company Surface New Mexico 4,023,725

 

 Subtotal 621,892,461

 All Other Mines 472,390,600

 

 U.S. Total 1,094,283,061 

 Note: • Major mines are mines that produced more than 4 million short tons in 2002. The company is the firm operating the mine. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 21

Table 10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2002 

Rank Company Name Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Percent of 

Total Production 

1 Peabody Coal Sales Co. 149,602 13.7

2 Kennecott Energy & Coal Co. 111,088 10.2

3 Arch Coal, Inc. 110,759 10.1

4 RAG American Coal Holding, Inc. 70,234 6.4

5 Consol Energy Inc 61,534 5.6

6 A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. 43,498 4.0

7 Vulcan Partners, L.P. 42,218 3.9

8 Horizon Natural Resources Inc. 39,509 3.6

9 North American Coal Corp. 29,537 2.7

10 TXU Corporation 23,670 2.2

11 Westmoreland Mining LLC 20,075 1.8

12 Robert Murray 19,839 1.8

13 Black Beauty Coal Co. 18,891 1.7

14 Alliance Coal, LLC 18,304 1.7

15 BHP Minerals Group 15,106 1.4

16 Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company 14,471 1.3

17 Alpha Natural Resources, LLC 12,284 1.1

18 James River Coal Co. 11,138 1.0

19 Peter Kiewit/Kennecott 10,028 0.9

20 PacifiCorp 9,766 0.9

21 Andalex Resources, Inc. 6,803 0.6

22 Transalta Centralia Mining LLC 5,827 0.5

23 Cumberland Resources Corp. 5,665 0.5

24 Alcoa, Inc. 5,574 0.5

25 U.S. Steel Mining Co., LLC 5,469 *

26 Walter Industries, Inc. 5,463 *

27 Westmoreland Coal Company 5,284 *

28 Western Fuels/Phillips Coal 5,256 *

29 Lodestar Energy, Inc. 5,252 *

 

 Subtotal 882,147 80.6

 All Other Coal Producers 212,136 19.4

 

 U.S. Total 1,094,283 100.0 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 5 million short tons in 2002. A controlling company of a mine is defined as the company 

"controlling the coal, particularly the sale of the coal." Most often, but not always, this is the owner of the mine. 

 Source: • COALdat, a product of RDI/Platts and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and 

Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 23

Productive Capacity 
24 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2002, 2001 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2002 2001 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama....................................... 18,728 5,204 23,932 18,072 5,085 23,158 3.6 2.3 3.3

Alaska .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ...................................... - W W - - - - W W

Colorado ...................................... 33,786 10,104 43,891 30,839 10,358 41,197 9.6 -2.4 6.5

Illinois.......................................... 40,286 6,996 47,283 34,130 6,306 40,436 18.0 11.0 16.9

Indiana ......................................... 9,417 33,512 42,929 9,079 33,459 42,538 3.7 0.2 0.9

Kansas.......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total ............................ 104,845 70,014 174,859 107,184 66,669 173,853 -2.2 5.0 0.6

 Eastern ....................................... 80,175 63,094 143,269 83,888 60,066 143,954 -4.4 5.0 -0.5

 Western...................................... 24,670 6,919 31,589 23,296 6,603 29,899 5.9 4.8 5.7

Louisiana...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland...................................... W W 5,362 W W 4,873 W W 10.0

Mississippi ................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri ....................................... - W W - W W - W W

Montana ....................................... - 51,584 51,584 - 51,634 51,634 - * *

New Mexico................................. W W 40,648 W W 33,953 W W 19.7

North Dakota ............................... - 32,400 32,400 - 32,300 32,300 - 0.3 0.3

Ohio ............................................. 15,781 18,044 33,825 14,219 16,781 31,001 11.0 7.5 9.1

Oklahoma..................................... W W 1,955 W W 2,180 W W -10.3

Pennsylvania Total ...................... 67,497 19,423 86,920 67,094 20,513 87,606 0.6 -5.3 -0.8

 Anthracite .................................. 272 3,220 3,492 315 2,637 2,952 -13.4 22.1 18.3

 Bituminous................................. 67,224 16,204 83,428 66,779 17,876 84,655 0.7 -9.4 -1.4

Tennessee..................................... 1,411 2,878 4,289 2,666 2,925 5,591 -47.1 -1.6 -23.3

Texas............................................ - 48,428 48,428 - 47,534 47,534 - 1.9 1.9

Utah.............................................. W W 31,294 35,526 - 35,526 W W -11.9

Virginia........................................ 26,475 12,518 38,993 26,448 13,479 39,927 0.1 -7.1 -2.3

Washington.................................. - W W - W W - W W

West Virginia Total ..................... 119,615 77,761 197,376 128,115 75,778 203,893 -6.6 2.6 -3.2

 Northern..................................... 37,441 6,271 43,712 37,150 5,667 42,818 0.8 10.6 2.1

 Southern..................................... 82,175 71,490 153,664 90,964 70,111 161,075 -9.7 2.0 -4.6

Wyoming ..................................... - 428,177 428,177 - 401,200 401,200 - 6.7 6.7

 

U.S. Total .................................... 480,090 884,900 1,364,990 478,425 849,576R 1,328,001R 0.3 4.2 2.8 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 R = Revised. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines producing 

less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 25

Table 12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2002, 2001 

 (Percent) 

2002 2001 Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama......................................................... 79.65 76.94 79.06 83.93 82.38 83.59

Alaska ............................................................ - W W - W W

Arizona .......................................................... - W W - W W

Arkansas ........................................................ - W W - - -

Colorado ........................................................ 74.98 96.70 79.98 76.35 94.86 81.00

Illinois............................................................ 66.85 91.13 70.44 82.37 89.79 83.52

Indiana ........................................................... 83.98 81.80 82.28 79.16 88.29 86.34

Kansas............................................................ - W W - W W

Kentucky Total .............................................. 72.02 69.09 70.85 75.38 79.10 76.81

 East ............................................................. 70.27 67.84 69.20 73.59 78.39 75.59

 West ............................................................ 77.73 80.48 78.33 81.82 85.64 82.66

Louisiana........................................................ - W W - W W

Maryland........................................................ W W 95.53 W W 94.74

Mississippi ..................................................... - W W - W W

Missouri ......................................................... - W W - W W

Montana ......................................................... - 72.48 72.48 - 75.81 75.81

New Mexico................................................... W W 71.14 W W 87.23

North Dakota ................................................. - 95.06 95.06 - 94.35 94.35

Ohio ............................................................... 68.76 56.85 62.41 90.62 74.29 81.78

Oklahoma....................................................... W W 71.80 W W 78.44

Pennsylvania Total ........................................ 82.56 63.77 78.36 86.55 77.00 84.32

 Anthracite ................................................... 91.03 29.23 34.06 93.37 40.97 46.55

 Bituminous.................................................. 82.52 70.63 80.21 86.52 82.32 85.63

Tennessee....................................................... 76.20 72.14 73.48 49.55 68.05 59.23

Texas.............................................................. - 93.43 93.43 - 94.76 94.76

Utah................................................................ W W 80.85 75.91 - 75.91

Virginia.......................................................... 77.28 75.49 76.70 84.86 76.06 81.89

Washington.................................................... - W W - W W

West Virginia Total ....................................... 73.44 79.85 75.97 77.66 82.83 79.58

 Northern...................................................... 76.58 84.96 77.78 88.15 94.81 89.04

 Southern...................................................... 72.02 79.40 75.45 73.37 81.86 77.06

Wyoming ....................................................... - 87.15 87.15 - 91.91 91.91

 

U.S. Total ...................................................... 74.39 83.09 80.03 79.49 87.65 84.71 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Capacity utilization is the ratio of annual production to annual productive capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required 

to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
26 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining 

Method, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Continuous Conventional Longwall Other Total 

Coal-Producing 

State Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Alabama........................................ W W -- W W - - 18,728 79.65

Colorado ....................................... W W -- W W - - 33,786 74.98

Illinois........................................... W W -- W W - - 40,286 66.85

Indiana .......................................... 9,417 83.98 - - - - - - 9,417 83.98

Kentucky Total ............................. 88,243 70.99 6,444 72.46 10,158 80.72 - - 104,845 72.02

 Eastern ........................................ W W 6,444 72.46 W W - - 80,175 70.27

 Western....................................... W W -- W W - - 24,670 77.73

Maryland....................................... W W -- W W - - W W

New Mexico.................................. - - - - W W - - W W

Ohio .............................................. 2,631 78.03 W W W W - - 15,781 68.76

Oklahoma...................................... W W - - - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 13,326 62.45 W W W W - - 67,497 82.56

 Anthracite ................................... W W W W - - - - 272 91.03

 Bituminous.................................. W W -- W W - - 67,224 82.52

Tennessee...................................... 1,411 76.20 - - - - - - 1,411 76.20

Utah............................................... W W -- W W - - W W

Virginia......................................... W W -- W W - - 26,475 77.28

West Virginia Total ...................... 69,251 68.52 840 17.50 49,524 81.28 - - 119,615 73.44

 Northern...................................... W W W W W 78.61 - - 37,441 76.58

 Southern...................................... W W W W W 83.94 - - 82,175 72.02

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 237,017 68.92 8,604 70.01 234,469 80.08 - - 480,090 74.39 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive 

capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and recovery operations. Totals may not equal sum of components 

because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 27

Recoverable Reserves 
28 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2002, 2001 

 (Million Short Tons) 

2002 2001 Coal-Producing 

State Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Percent Change 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Alabama.............................................. 366 55.54 352 55.54 4.0

Alaska ................................................. W W W W W

Arizona ............................................... W W W W W

Arkansas ............................................. W W - - -

Colorado ............................................. 629 72.46 562 75.55 11.8

Illinois................................................. 900 58.91 819 59.03 9.9

Indiana ................................................ 381 67.04 397 70.62 -4.1

Kansas................................................. W W W W W

Kentucky Total ................................... 1,010 56.87 1,087 58.54 -7.0

 Eastern .............................................. 703 58.16 829 60.05 -15.1

 Western............................................. 307 53.91 258 53.68 18.9

Louisiana............................................. W W W W W

Maryland............................................. 65 61.35 72 61.47 -9.0

Mississippi .......................................... W W W W W

Missouri .............................................. W W W W W

Montana .............................................. 1,115 91.26 1,155 91.30 -3.5

New Mexico........................................ 1,385 91.05 1,404 92.44 -1.3

North Dakota ...................................... 1,211 89.53 1,151 89.27 5.2

Ohio .................................................... 356 72.97 450 73.12 -20.9

Oklahoma............................................ 18 68.52 19 69.55 -8.1

Pennsylvania Total ............................. 576 68.57 558 68.68 3.2

 Anthracite ......................................... 26 49.71 16 46.72 58.1

 Bituminous........................................ 550 69.46 541 69.35 1.6

Tennessee............................................ 16 72.00 24 74.94 -34.5

Texas................................................... 673 92.12 724 92.14 -7.1

Utah..................................................... 356 51.51 364 52.05 -2.4

Virginia............................................... 261 58.60 240 58.20 8.9

Washington......................................... W W W W W

West Virginia Total ............................ 1,433 63.07 1,502 62.11 -4.5

 Northern............................................ 451 61.25 521 63.47 -13.3

 Southern............................................ 982 63.91 981 61.39 0.1

Wyoming ............................................ 6,673 92.96 6,100 93.47 9.4

 

U.S. Total ........................................... 18,216 81.64 17,801 81.70 2.3 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 29

Table 15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated 

Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2002 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground - Minable Coal Surface - Minable Coal Total 

Coal-Resource 

State 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable 

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Alabama....................................... 344 553 1,097 21 2,295 3,221 366 2,848 4,318

Alaska .......................................... - 2,745 5,423 W 548 692 W 3,293 6,115

Arizona ........................................ - - - W 30 38 W 30 38

Arkansas ...................................... - 127 272 W 101 144 W 228 417

Colorado ...................................... 429 6,120 11,661 199 3,752 4,769 629 9,872 16,430

Georgia ........................................ - 1 2 - 1 2 - 2 4

Idaho ............................................ - 2 4 - - - - 2 4

Illinois.......................................... 873 27,978 88,077 27 10,083 16,570 900 38,061 104,648

Indiana ......................................... 223 3,645 8,801 158 488 835 381 4,134 9,637

Iowa ............................................. - 807 1,732 - 320 457 - 1,127 2,189

Kansas.......................................... - - - W 681 973 W 681 973

Kentucky Total ............................ 812 7,636 17,484 198 7,577 13,130 1,010 15,213 30,614

 Eastern ....................................... 535 833 1,491 168 5,298 9,486 703 6,131 10,977

 Western...................................... 277 6,803 15,993 30 2,279 3,644 307 9,082 19,637

Louisiana...................................... - - - W 323 437 W 323 437

Maryland...................................... W 327 597 W 49 72 65 376 669

Michigan...................................... - 55 123 - 3 5 - 59 128

Mississippi ................................... - - - W - - W --

Missouri ....................................... - 689 1,479 W 3,159 4,512 W 3,848 5,991

Montana ....................................... - 35,923 70,958 1,115 39,145 48,418 1,115 75,067 119,377

New Mexico................................. W 2,860 6,199 W 4,121 6,051 1,385 6,981 12,249

North Carolina ............................. - 5 11 - - - - 5 11

North Dakota ............................... - - - 1,211 6,993 9,166 1,211 6,993 9,166

Ohio ............................................. 214 7,757 17,631 141 3,789 5,788 356 11,546 23,419

Oklahoma..................................... W 575 1,233 W 230 328 18 804 1,562

Oregon ......................................... - 7 15 - 2 3 - 9 17

Pennsylvania Total ...................... 468 10,880 23,541 108 1,074 4,297 576 11,954 27,838

 Anthracite .................................. 2 340 3,845 24 420 3,359 26 761 7,204

 Bituminous................................. 466 10,540 19,696 84 654 938 550 11,194 20,634

South Dakota ............................... - - - - 277 366 - 277 366

Tennessee..................................... 5 283 516 10 184 271 16 467 787

Texas............................................ - - - 673 9,668 12,559 673 9,668 12,559

Utah.............................................. W 2,582 5,267 W 212 268 356 2,794 5,534

Virginia........................................ 220 700 1,247 41 386 603 261 1,086 1,850

Washington.................................. - 674 1,332 W 18 23 W 693 1,356

West Virginia Total ..................... 1,074 15,863 29,722 359 2,518 3,991 1,433 18,381 33,713

 Northern..................................... 436 NA NA 15 NA NA 451 NA NA

 Southern..................................... 638 NA NA 345 NA NA 982 NA NA

Wyoming ..................................... - 22,950 42,501 6,673 19,688 22,790 6,673 42,638 65,291

 

U.S. Total .................................... 5,231 151,744 336,928 12,985 117,713 160,780 18,216 269,457 497,708 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 NA = This estimated value is not available due to insufficient data or inadequate data/model performance. 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

EIA's estimated recoverable reserves include the coal in the demonstrated reserve base considered recoverable after excluding coal estimated to be unavailable due to land use 

restrictions or currently economically unattractive for mining, and after applying assumed mining recovery rates; see Glossary for criteria. The demonstrated reserve base 

includes publicly available data on coal mapped to measured and indicated degrees of accuracy and found at depths and in coalbed thicknesses considered technologically 

minable at the time of determinations; see Glossary for criteria. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. 

Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," and EIA estimates. 
30 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines 

by State and Mining Method, 2002 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total 

Coal-Producing 

State 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama........................................ W W -- W W - - 344 53.59

Colorado ....................................... W W -- W W - - 429 64.54

Illinois........................................... W W -- W W - - 873 58.13

Indiana .......................................... 223 58.22 - - - - - - 223 58.22

Kentucky Total ............................. 762 50.62 W 51.15 W 44.65 - - 812 50.38

 Eastern ........................................ W W W 51.15 W W - - 535 50.65

 Western....................................... W W -- W W - - 277 49.85

Maryland....................................... W W -- W W - - W W

New Mexico.................................. - - - - W W - - W W

Ohio .............................................. 22 60.00 W W W W - - 214 64.42

Oklahoma...................................... W W - - - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 87 61.50 W W W W - - 468 66.28

 Anthracite ................................... W W W W - - - - 2 79.27

 Bituminous.................................. W W -- W W - - 466 66.22

Tennessee...................................... 5 60.28 - - - - - - 5 60.28

Utah............................................... W W -- W W - - W 51.43

Virginia......................................... W W -- W W - - 220 53.16

West Virginia Total ...................... 576 52.62 5 51.49 493 62.53 - - 1,074 57.16

 Northern...................................... W W W W W 63.85 - - 436 60.78

 Southern...................................... W W W W W 60.12 - - 638 54.69

 

U.S. Total ..................................... 2,456 53.71 24 52.46 2,751 61.75 - - 5,231 57.93 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 4

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 31

Table 17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine 

Production Range and Mine Type, 2002 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Over 1,000 ................................................. 3,915 59.34 12,263 91.72 16,177 83.88

500 to 1,000 ............................................... 358 53.55 236 82.10 594 64.89

200 to 500 .................................................. 441 52.91 326 85.62 767 66.81

100 to 200 .................................................. 171 55.12 60 82.85 231 62.29

50 to 100 .................................................... 119 49.09 31 82.70 149 55.97

10 to 50 ...................................................... 228 57.05 70 65.96 298 59.14

 

U.S. Total .................................................. 5,231 57.93 12,985 91.19 18,216 81.64 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 33

Employment 
34 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2002, 2001 

2002 2001 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama....................................... 2,722 667 3,389 2,702 631 3,333 0.7 5.7 1.7

Alaska .......................................... - 99 99 - 119 119 - -16.8 -16.8

Arizona ........................................ - 681 681 - 698 698 - -2.4 -2.4

Arkansas ...................................... 22 5 27 13 4 17 69.2 25.0 58.8

Colorado ...................................... 1,416 649 2,065 1,325 626 1,951 6.9 3.7 5.8

Illinois.......................................... 3,046 531 3,577 3,025 428 3,453 0.7 24.1 3.6

Indiana ......................................... 908 1,794 2,702 756 1,787 2,543 20.1 0.4 6.3

Kansas.......................................... - 8 8 - 9 9 - -11.1 -11.1

Kentucky Total ............................ 11,310 5,732 17,042 11,779 5,755 17,534 -4.0 -0.4 -2.8

 Eastern ....................................... 9,281 5,237 14,518 9,915 5,197 15,112 -6.4 0.8 -3.9

 Western...................................... 2,029 495 2,524 1,864 558 2,422 8.9 -11.3 4.2

Louisiana...................................... - 205 205 - 186 186 - 10.2 10.2

Maryland...................................... 283 228 511 290 180 470 -2.4 26.7 8.7

Mississippi ................................... - 135 135 - 128 128 - 5.5 5.5

Missouri ....................................... - 13 13 - 38 38 - -65.8 -65.8

Montana ....................................... - 806 806 - 843 843 - -4.4 -4.4

New Mexico................................. 229 1,445 1,674 142 1,586 1,728 61.3 -8.9 -3.1

North Dakota ............................... - 939 939 - 912 912 - 3.0 3.0

Ohio ............................................. 1,255 1,312 2,567 1,513 1,409 2,922 -17.1 -6.9 -12.1

Oklahoma..................................... 39 99 138 38 115 153 2.6 -13.9 -9.8

Pennsylvania Total ...................... 5,062 2,601 7,663 5,635 2,751 8,386 -10.2 -5.5 -8.6

 Anthracite .................................. 229 643 872 272 683 955 -15.8 -5.9 -8.7

 Bituminous................................. 4,833 1,958 6,791 5,363 2,068 7,431 -9.9 -5.3 -8.6

Tennessee..................................... 297 322 619 276 290 566 7.6 11.0 9.4

Texas............................................ - 2,375 2,375 - 2,470 2,470 - -3.8 -3.8

Utah.............................................. 1,524 24 1,548 1,479 6 1,485 3.0 300.0 4.2

Virginia........................................ 3,720 1,321 5,041 4,084 1,371 5,455 -8.9 -3.6 -7.6

Washington.................................. - 548 548 - 557 557 - -1.6 -1.6

West Virginia Total ..................... 11,019 5,228 16,247 11,840 4,739 16,579 -6.9 10.3 -2.0

 Northern..................................... 3,260 510 3,770 3,562 427 3,989 -8.5 19.4 -5.5

 Southern..................................... 7,759 4,718 12,477 8,278 4,312 12,590 -6.3 9.4 -0.9

Wyoming ..................................... - 4,699 4,699 - 4,365 4,365 - 7.7 7.7

 

Appalachian Total ..................... 33,639 16,916 50,555 36,255 16,568 52,823 -7.2 2.1 -4.3

 Northern.................................... 9,860 4,651 14,511 11,000 4,767 15,767 -10.4 -2.4 -8.0

 Central....................................... 21,057 11,598 32,655 22,553 11,170 33,723 -6.6 3.8 -3.2

 Southern.................................... 2,722 667 3,389 2,702 631 3,333 0.7 5.7 1.7

Interior Total.............................. 6,044 5,660 11,704 5,696 5,723 11,419 6.1 -1.1 2.5

 Illinois Basin............................. 5,983 2,820 8,803 5,645 2,773 8,418 6.0 1.7 4.6

Western Total............................. 3,169 9,890 13,059 2,946 9,712 12,658 7.6 1.8 3.2

 Powder River Basin.................. - 4,646 4,646 - 4,365 4,365 - 6.4 6.4

 Uinta Region............................. 2,874 614 3,488 2,758 568 3,326 4.2 8.1 4.9

 

East of Miss. River..................... 39,622 19,871 59,493 41,900 19,469 61,369 -5.4 2.1 -3.1

West of Miss. River.................... 3,230 12,595 15,825 2,997 12,534 15,531 7.8 0.5 1.9

 

U.S. Subtotal............................... 42,852 32,466 75,318 44,897 32,003 76,900 -4.6 1.4 -2.1

 

Refuse Recovery......................... - - 148 - - 188 - - -21.3

 

U.S. Total .................................... 42,852 32,466 75,466 44,897 32,003 77,088 -4.6 1.4 -2.1 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 35

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2002 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (thousand short tons) 

State, Region1

, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero2

Total 

Number of 

Employees 

Alabama...................................................... 2,144 426 225 151 81 200 11 151 3,389

 Underground............................................. 2,144 388 - - - 77 - 113 2,722

 Surface ...................................................... - 38 225 151 81 123 11 38 667

Alaska.......................................................... 99 - - - - - - - 99

 Surface ...................................................... 99 - - - - - - - 99

Arizona........................................................ 646 - - - - - - 35 681

 Surface ...................................................... 646 - - - - - - 35 681

Arkansas ..................................................... - - - - - 2 25 - 27

 Underground............................................. - - - - - - 22 - 22

 Surface ...................................................... - - - - - 2 3 - 5

Colorado ..................................................... 1,810 104 146 - - - - 5 2,065

 Underground............................................. 1,220 104 87 - - - - 5 1,416

 Surface ...................................................... 590 - 59 - - - - - 649

Illinois.......................................................... 2,979 217 128 113 - - 9 131 3,577

 Underground............................................. 2,634 217 - 113 - - - 82 3,046

 Surface ...................................................... 345 - 128 - - - 9 49 531

Indiana........................................................ 1,978 297 236 55 34 - 25 77 2,702

 Underground............................................. 804 6 79 - - - - 19 908

 Surface ...................................................... 1,174 291 157 55 34 - 25 58 1,794

Kansas......................................................... - - 8 - - - - - 8

 Surface ...................................................... - - 8 - - - - - 8

Kentucky..................................................... 4,632 2,533 3,356 1,771 969 1,230 471 2,080 17,042

 Underground............................................. 3,534 1,450 2,061 1,087 771 834 228 1,345 11,310

 Surface ...................................................... 1,098 1,083 1,295 684 198 396 243 735 5,732

 Eastern...................................................... 3,140 2,049 3,165 1,639 943 1,209 471 1,902 14,518

 Underground............................................. 2,201 1,049 1,983 1,029 771 828 228 1,192 9,281

 Surface ...................................................... 939 1,000 1,182 610 172 381 243 710 5,237

 Western..................................................... 1,492 484 191 132 26 21 - 178 2,524

 Underground............................................. 1,333 401 78 58 - 6 - 153 2,029

 Surface ...................................................... 159 83 113 74 26 15 - 25 495

Louisiana .................................................... 169 36 - - - - - - 205

 Surface ...................................................... 169 36 - - - - - - 205

Maryland .................................................... 196 66 108 8 22 59 17 35 511

 Underground............................................. 196 - 46 - - - 9 32 283

 Surface ...................................................... - 66 62 8 22 59 8 3 228

Mississippi .................................................. 135 - - - - - - - 135

 Surface ...................................................... 135 - - - - - - - 135

Missouri ...................................................... - - 7 - - 6 - - 13

 Surface ...................................................... - - 7 - - 6 - - 13

Montana...................................................... 793 - 13 - - - - - 806

 Surface ...................................................... 793 - 13 - - - - - 806

New Mexico ................................................ 1,579 95 - - - - - - 1,674

 Underground............................................. 229 - - - - - - - 229

 Surface ...................................................... 1,350 95 - - - - - - 1,445

North Dakota.............................................. 939 - - - - - - - 939

 Surface ...................................................... 939 - - - - - - - 939

Ohio............................................................. 1,052 310 672 138 53 87 53 202 2,567

 Underground............................................. 1,052 - 105 - 15 7 2 74 1,255

 Surface ...................................................... - 310 567 138 38 80 51 128 1,312

Oklahoma ................................................... - - 100 25 11 - 2 - 138

 Underground............................................. - - 39 - - - - - 39

 Surface ...................................................... - - 61 25 11 - 2 - 99

Pennsylvania............................................... 3,775 333 1,052 454 344 513 232 960 7,663

 Underground............................................. 3,671 211 389 168 48 120 78 377 5,062

 Surface ...................................................... 104 122 663 286 296 393 154 583 2,601

 Anthracite................................................. - - 43 95 41 171 135 387 872

 Underground............................................. - - - 43 - 48 75 63 229

 Surface ...................................................... - - 43 52 41 123 60 324 643

 Bituminous................................................ 3,775 333 1,009 359 303 342 97 573 6,791

 Underground............................................. 3,671 211 389 125 48 72 3 314 4,833

 Surface ...................................................... 104 122 620 234 255 270 94 259 1,958

Tennessee.................................................... - - 295 131 27 68 33 65 619

 Underground............................................. - - 37 131 15 48 28 38 297

 Surface ...................................................... - - 258 - 12 20 5 27 322

Texas ........................................................... 2,339 - - - - 36 - - 2,375

 Surface ...................................................... 2,339 - - - - 36 - - 2,375

Utah............................................................. 1,186 189 20 16 - 66 15 56 1,548

 Underground............................................. 1,186 189 - 16 - 66 15 52 1,524

 Surface ...................................................... - - 20 - - - - 4 24

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
36 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2002 (Continued) 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (thousand short tons) 

State, Region 1, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero 2

Total 

Number of 

Employees 

Virginia ....................................................... 635 370 1,804 590 506 395 89 652 5,041

 Underground............................................. 635 163 1,202 429 419 335 66 471 3,720

 Surface ...................................................... - 207 602 161 87 60 23 181 1,321

Washington................................................. 548 - - - - - - - 548

 Surface ...................................................... 548 - - - - - - - 548

West Virginia ............................................. 7,525 2,043 2,170 985 436 805 221 2,062 16,247

 Underground............................................. 4,832 1,382 1,588 778 369 562 166 1,342 11,019

 Surface ...................................................... 2,693 661 582 207 67 243 55 720 5,228

 Northern Total ......................................... 2,379 262 391 188 75 158 59 258 3,770

 Underground............................................. 2,114 262 391 138 48 78 42 187 3,260

 Surface ...................................................... 265 - - 50 27 80 17 71 510

 Southern Total ......................................... 5,146 1,781 1,779 797 361 647 162 1,804 12,477

 Underground............................................. 2,718 1,120 1,197 640 321 484 124 1,155 7,759

 Surface ...................................................... 2,428 661 582 157 40 163 38 649 4,718

Wyoming..................................................... 4,654 - 45 - - - - - 4,699

 Surface ...................................................... 4,654 - 45 - - - - - 4,699

 

Appalachian Total ..................................... 18,467 5,597 9,491 4,096 2,412 3,336 1,127 6,029 50,555

 Underground............................................. 14,731 3,193 5,350 2,535 1,637 1,977 577 3,639 33,639

 Surface ...................................................... 3,736 2,404 4,141 1,561 775 1,359 550 2,390 16,916

 Northern ................................................... 7,402 971 2,223 788 494 817 361 1,455 14,511

 Underground............................................. 7,033 473 931 306 111 205 131 670 9,860

 Surface ...................................................... 369 498 1,292 482 383 612 230 785 4,651

 Central ...................................................... 8,921 4,200 7,043 3,157 1,837 2,319 755 4,423 32,655

 Underground............................................. 5,554 2,332 4,419 2,229 1,526 1,695 446 2,856 21,057

 Surface ...................................................... 3,367 1,868 2,624 928 311 624 309 1,567 11,598

 Southern.................................................... 2,144 426 225 151 81 200 11 151 3,389

 Underground............................................. 2,144 388 - - - 77 - 113 2,722

 Surface ...................................................... - 38 225 151 81 123 11 38 667

Interior Total.............................................. 9,092 1,034 670 325 71 65 61 386 11,704

 Underground............................................. 4,771 624 196 171 - 6 22 254 6,044

 Surface ...................................................... 4,321 410 474 154 71 59 39 132 5,660

 Illinois Basin............................................. 6,449 998 555 300 60 21 34 386 8,803

 Underground............................................. 4,771 624 157 171 - 6 - 254 5,983

 Surface ...................................................... 1,678 374 398 129 60 15 34 132 2,820

Western Total............................................. 12,254 388 224 16 - 66 15 96 13,059

 Underground............................................. 2,635 293 87 16 - 66 15 57 3,169

 Surface ...................................................... 9,619 95 137 - - - - 39 9,890

 Powder River Basin................................. 4,646 - - - - - - - 4,646

 Surface ...................................................... 4,646 - - - - - - - 4,646

 Uinta Region............................................. 2,996 293 41 16 - 66 15 61 3,488

 Underground............................................. 2,406 293 21 16 - 66 15 57 2,874

 Surface ...................................................... 590 - 20 - - - - 4 614

 

East of Miss. River..................................... 25,051 6,595 10,046 4,396 2,472 3,357 1,161 6,415 59,493

 Underground............................................. 19,502 3,817 5,507 2,706 1,637 1,983 577 3,893 39,622

 Surface ...................................................... 5,549 2,778 4,539 1,690 835 1,374 584 2,522 19,871

West of Miss. River.................................... 14,762 424 339 41 11 110 42 96 15,825

 Underground............................................. 2,635 293 126 16 - 66 37 57 3,230

 Surface ...................................................... 12,127 131 213 25 11 44 5 39 12,595

 

Subtotal....................................................... 39,813 7,019 10,385 4,437 2,483 3,467 1,203 6,511 75,318

 Underground............................................. 22,137 4,110 5,633 2,722 1,637 2,049 614 3,950 42,852

 Surface ...................................................... 17,676 2,909 4,752 1,715 846 1,418 589 2,561 32,466

 

Refuse Recovery......................................... - - - 34 11 71 24 8 148

 

 U.S. Total .................................................... 39,813 7,019 10,385 4,471 2,494 3,538 1,227 6,519 75,466

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 37

Table 20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2002 

Union2 Nonunion2

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama............................................... 2,587 - 135 664

Alaska .................................................. - - - 99

Arizona ................................................ - 681 - -

Arkansas .............................................. - - - 2

Colorado .............................................. 173 288 1,243 361

Illinois.................................................. 1,512 234 1,534 298

Indiana ................................................. 3 354 905 1,419

Kansas.................................................. - - - 8

Kentucky Total .................................... 988 250 10,094 5,272

 Eastern ............................................... 87 167 8,966 4,853

 Western.............................................. 901 83 1,128 419

Louisiana.............................................. - - - 205

Maryland.............................................. - - 274 220

Mississippi ........................................... - - - 135

Missouri ............................................... - - - 13

Montana ............................................... - 680 - 126

New Mexico......................................... 229 1,148 - 297

North Dakota ....................................... - 280 - 659

Ohio ..................................................... 495 72 758 1,189

Oklahoma............................................. - - 39 97

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 2,864 265 2,120 2,217

 Anthracite .......................................... - 208 154 401

 Bituminous......................................... 2,864 57 1,966 1,816

Tennessee............................................. 55 - 214 317

Texas.................................................... - 1,552 - 823

Utah...................................................... 474 - 1,035 27

Virginia................................................ 699 79 2,955 1,230

Washington.......................................... - 548 - -

West Virginia Total ............................. 4,807 1,238 6,046 3,955

 Northern............................................. 1,979 - 1,239 493

 Southern............................................. 2,828 1,238 4,807 3,462

Wyoming ............................................. - 656 - 4,043

Appalachian Total ............................. 11,594 1,821 21,468 14,645

 Northern............................................ 5,338 337 4,391 4,119

 Central............................................... 3,669 1,484 16,942 9,862

 Southern............................................ 2,587 - 135 664

Interior Total...................................... 2,416 2,223 3,606 3,419

 Illinois Basin..................................... 2,416 671 3,567 2,136

Western Total..................................... 876 4,281 2,278 5,612

 Powder River Basin.......................... - 667 - 3,979

 Uinta Region..................................... 647 259 2,212 358

East of Miss. River............................. 14,010 2,492 25,035 16,916

West of Miss. River............................ 876 5,833 2,317 6,760

U.S. Total ............................................ 14,886 8,325 27,352 23,676 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide 

data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 39

Productivity 
40 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2002, 2001 

Number of Mining Operations2 Number of Employees3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons)4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1

, and 

Mine Type 

2002 2001 Percent 

Change 2002 2001 Percent Change 2002 2001 Percent Change 

Alabama...................................... 49 60 -18.3 3,389 3,333 1.7 2.56 2.75 -6.8

 Underground............................. 14 20 -30.0 2,722 2,702 0.7 2.49 2.69 -7.3

 Surface ...................................... 35 40 -12.5 667 631 5.7 2.85 2.97 -4.2

Alaska.......................................... 1 1 - 99 119 -16.8 4.98 5.99 -16.9

 Surface ...................................... 1 1 - 99 119 -16.8 4.98 5.99 -16.9

Arizona........................................ 3 3 - 681 698 -2.4 7.21 7.69 -6.2

 Surface ...................................... 3 3 - 681 698 -2.4 7.21 7.69 -6.2

Arkansas ..................................... 4 3 33.3 27 17 58.8 * * -33.3

 Underground............................. 1 1 - 22 13 69.2 * * -44.2

 Surface ...................................... 3 2 50.0 5 4 25.0 2.15 1.86 15.5

Colorado ..................................... 14 15 -6.7 2,065 1,951 5.8 8.29 8.43 -1.6

 Underground............................. 9 10 -10.0 1,416 1,325 6.9 8.81 8.58 2.7

 Surface ...................................... 5 5 - 649 626 3.7 7.20 8.09 -11.0

Illinois.......................................... 31 28 10.7 3,577 3,453 3.6 4.23 4.22 0.3

 Underground............................. 20 19 5.3 3,046 3,025 0.7 4.07 4.07 *

 Surface ...................................... 11 9 22.2 531 428 24.1 5.05 5.11 -1.3

Indiana........................................ 46 41 12.2 2,702 2,543 6.3 5.35 5.69 -6.0

 Underground............................. 13 9 44.4 908 756 20.1 3.79 4.02 -5.8

 Surface ...................................... 33 32 3.1 1,794 1,787 0.4 6.07 6.33 -4.1

Kansas......................................... 1 1 - 8 9 -11.1 11.04 10.42 5.9

 Surface ...................................... 1 1 - 8 9 -11.1 11.04 10.42 5.9

Kentucky..................................... 556 601 -7.5 17,042 17,534 -2.8 3.47 3.66 -5.1

 Underground............................. 299 334 -10.5 11,310 11,779 -4.0 3.22 3.32 -2.7

 Surface ...................................... 257 267 -3.7 5,732 5,755 -0.4 3.94 4.34 -9.3

 Eastern...................................... 520 566 -8.1 14,518 15,112 -3.9 3.32 3.52 -5.5

 Underground............................. 279 318 -12.3 9,281 9,915 -6.4 3.03 3.10 -2.3

 Surface ...................................... 241 248 -2.8 5,237 5,197 0.8 3.82 4.28 -10.8

 Western..................................... 36 35 2.9 2,524 2,422 4.2 4.22 4.43 -4.7

 Underground............................. 20 16 25.0 2,029 1,864 8.9 4.00 4.30 -7.0

 Surface ...................................... 16 19 -15.8 495 558 -11.3 5.19 4.92 5.5

Louisiana .................................... 2 2 - 205 186 10.2 8.73 9.08 -3.9

 Surface ...................................... 2 2 - 205 186 10.2 8.73 9.08 -3.9

Maryland .................................... 19 16 18.8 511 470 8.7 4.71 4.46 5.7

 Underground............................. 4 4 - 283 290 -2.4 5.38 4.94 9.0

 Surface ...................................... 15 12 25.0 228 180 26.7 3.83 3.63 5.4

Mississippi .................................. 1 1 - 135 128 5.5 8.42 2.58 226.3

 Surface ...................................... 1 1 - 135 128 5.5 8.42 2.58 226.3

Missouri ...................................... 2 2 - 13 38 -65.8 10.64 3.97 167.9

 Surface ...................................... 2 2 - 13 38 -65.8 10.64 3.97 167.9

Montana...................................... 6 6 - 806 843 -4.4 23.42 23.67 -1.0

 Surface ...................................... 6 6 - 806 843 -4.4 23.42 23.67 -1.0

New Mexico ................................ 8 7 14.3 1,674 1,728 -3.1 8.29 8.03 3.2

 Underground............................. 2 1 100.0 229 142 61.3 3.44 2.25 52.9

 Surface ...................................... 6 6 - 1,445 1,586 -8.9 9.12 8.55 6.7

North Dakota.............................. 4 4 - 939 912 3.0 17.00 17.12 -0.7

 Surface ...................................... 4 4 - 939 912 3.0 17.00 17.12 -0.7

Ohio............................................. 77 72 6.9 2,567 2,922 -12.1 3.58 3.82 -6.1

 Underground............................. 17 15 13.3 1,255 1,513 -17.1 3.91 4.03 -3.0

 Surface ...................................... 60 57 5.3 1,312 1,409 -6.9 3.29 3.61 -8.9

Oklahoma ................................... 6 6 - 138 153 -9.8 4.17 4.39 -5.1

 Underground............................. 1 1 - 39 38 2.6 4.98 4.61 8.2

 Surface ...................................... 5 5 - 99 115 -13.9 3.86 4.33 -10.8

Pennsylvania............................... 338 358 -5.6 7,663 8,386 -8.6 4.18 4.06 2.8

 Underground............................. 100 109 -8.3 5,062 5,635 -10.2 5.02 4.70 6.9

 Surface ...................................... 238 249 -4.4 2,601 2,751 -5.5 2.40 2.73 -12.0

 Anthracite................................. 112 118 -5.1 872 955 -8.7 0.78 0.81 -4.4

 Underground............................. 40 43 -7.0 229 272 -15.8 0.78 0.71 9.9

 Surface ...................................... 72 75 -4.0 643 683 -5.9 0.78 0.85 -8.7

 Bituminous................................ 226 240 -5.8 6,791 7,431 -8.6 4.57 4.43 3.2

 Underground............................. 60 66 -9.1 4,833 5,363 -9.9 5.18 4.86 6.5

 Surface ...................................... 166 174 -4.6 1,958 2,068 -5.3 2.93 3.29 -10.9

Tennessee.................................... 31 31 - 619 566 9.4 2.70 3.09 -12.6

 Underground............................. 16 15 6.7 297 276 7.6 2.39 2.99 -20.1

 Surface ...................................... 15 16 -6.3 322 290 11.0 2.90 3.16 -8.3

Texas ........................................... 12 15 -20.0 2,375 2,470 -3.8 9.05 8.67 4.4

 Surface ...................................... 12 15 -20.0 2,375 2,470 -3.8 9.05 8.67 4.4

Utah............................................. 17 19 -10.5 1,548 1,485 4.2 7.70 8.99 -14.4

 Underground............................. 15 17 -11.8 1,524 1,479 3.0 7.77 9.03 -14.0

 Surface ...................................... 2 2 - 24 6 300.0 4.13 - -

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 41

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2002, 2001 (Continued) 

Number of Mining Operations 2 Number of Employees 3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons) 4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1

 , 

and Mine Type 

2002 2001 Percent 

Change 2002 2001 Percent Change 2002 2001 Percent Change 

Virginia ....................................... 185 199 -7.0 5,041 5,455 -7.6 2.94 2.91 0.9

 Underground............................. 120 132 -9.1 3,720 4,084 -8.9 2.81 2.67 5.2

 Surface ...................................... 65 67 -3.0 1,321 1,371 -3.6 3.25 3.62 -10.3

Washington................................. 1 1 - 548 557 -1.6 4.81 3.95 21.5

 Surface ...................................... 1 1 - 548 557 -1.6 4.81 3.95 21.5

West Virginia ............................. 411 409 0.5 16,247 16,579 -2.0 4.33 4.54 -4.6

 Underground............................. 247 259 -4.6 11,019 11,840 -6.9 3.89 4.01 -2.9

 Surface ...................................... 164 150 9.3 5,228 4,739 10.3 5.15 5.73 -10.1

 Northern ................................... 81 80 1.3 3,770 3,989 -5.5 4.48 4.62 -3.1

 Underground............................. 47 47 - 3,260 3,562 -8.5 4.42 4.45 -0.7

 Surface ...................................... 34 33 3.0 510 427 19.4 4.79 5.96 -19.6

 Southern.................................... 330 329 0.3 12,477 12,590 -0.9 4.29 4.52 -5.0

 Underground............................. 200 212 -5.7 7,759 8,278 -6.3 3.68 3.83 -3.8

 Surface ...................................... 130 117 11.1 4,718 4,312 9.4 5.19 5.71 -9.2

Wyoming..................................... 18 17 5.9 4,699 4,365 7.7 38.10 39.67 -4.0

 Surface ...................................... 18 17 5.9 4,699 4,365 7.7 38.10 39.67 -4.0

 

Appalachian Total ..................... 1,630 1,711 -4.7 50,555 52,823 -4.3 3.71 3.85 -3.4

 Underground............................. 797 872 -8.6 33,639 36,255 -7.2 3.61 3.64 -0.7

 Surface ...................................... 833 839 -0.7 16,916 16,568 2.1 3.91 4.28 -8.6

 Northern ................................... 515 526 -2.1 14,511 15,767 -8.0 4.16 4.16 -0.1

 Underground............................. 168 175 -4.0 9,860 11,000 -10.4 4.70 4.54 3.6

 Surface ...................................... 347 351 -1.1 4,651 4,767 -2.4 3.02 3.33 -9.3

 Central ...................................... 1,066 1,125 -5.2 32,655 33,723 -3.2 3.64 3.80 -4.3

 Underground............................. 615 677 -9.2 21,057 22,553 -6.6 3.23 3.29 -1.9

 Surface ...................................... 451 448 0.7 11,598 11,170 3.8 4.31 4.76 -9.5

 Southern.................................... 49 60 -18.3 3,389 3,333 1.7 2.56 2.75 -6.8

 Underground............................. 14 20 -30.0 2,722 2,702 0.7 2.49 2.69 -7.3

 Surface ...................................... 35 40 -12.5 667 631 5.7 2.85 2.97 -4.2

Interior Total.............................. 141 134 5.2 11,704 11,419 2.5 5.54 5.56 -0.4

 Underground............................. 55 46 19.6 6,044 5,696 6.1 4.00 4.14 -3.4

 Surface ...................................... 86 88 -2.3 5,660 5,723 -1.1 7.17 6.99 2.6

 Illinois Basin............................. 113 104 8.7 8,803 8,418 4.6 4.59 4.75 -3.4

 Underground............................. 53 44 20.5 5,983 5,645 6.0 4.00 4.14 -3.4

 Surface ...................................... 60 60 - 2,820 2,773 1.7 5.75 5.90 -2.7

Western Total............................. 72 73 -1.4 13,059 12,658 3.2 20.07 20.64 -2.8

 Underground............................. 26 28 -7.1 3,169 2,946 7.6 7.89 8.48 -7.0

 Surface ...................................... 46 45 2.2 9,890 9,712 1.8 23.93 24.22 -1.2

 Powder River Basin................. 18 17 5.9 4,646 4,365 6.4 40.92 42.71 -4.2

 Underground............................. - - - - - - - - -

 Surface ...................................... 18 17 5.9 4,646 4,365 6.4 40.92 42.71 -4.2

 Uinta Region............................. 28 30 -6.7 3,488 3,326 4.9 8.17 8.79 -7.0

 Underground............................. 23 25 -8.0 2,874 2,758 4.2 8.37 8.90 -6.0

 Surface ...................................... 5 5 - 614 568 8.1 7.26 8.21 -11.6

 

East of Miss. River..................... 1,744 1,816 -4.0 59,493 61,369 -3.1 3.86 3.98 -2.9

 Underground............................. 850 916 -7.2 39,622 41,900 -5.4 3.67 3.71 -1.0

 Surface ...................................... 894 900 -0.7 19,871 19,469 2.1 4.22 4.53 -6.8

West of Miss. River.................... 99 102 -2.9 15,825 15,531 1.9 18.06 18.32 -1.4

 Underground............................. 28 30 -6.7 3,230 2,997 7.8 7.80 8.39 -7.1

 Surface ...................................... 71 72 -1.4 12,595 12,534 0.5 20.67 20.63 0.2

 

Subtotal....................................... 1,843 1,918 -3.9 75,318 76,900 -2.1 6.81 6.82 -0.2

 Underground............................. 878 946 -7.2 42,852 44,897 -4.6 3.98 4.02 -0.8

 Surface ...................................... 965 972 -0.7 32,466 32,003 1.4 10.38 10.60 -2.1

 

Refuse Recovery......................... 32 34 -5.9 148 188 -21.3 3.86 5.28 -26.9

 

U.S. Total .................................... 1 ,875 1,952 -3.9 75,466 77,088 -2.1 6.80 6.82 -0.2

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant or preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal are reported as two operations. 3

 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office 

workers. 4

 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, 

repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
42 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2002 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2

 Conventional3 Longwall4 Other5 Total 

Alabama............................................ 0.70 - 2.55 - 2.49

Colorado ........................................... 3.57 - 9.53 - 8.81

Illinois............................................... 3.97 - 4.23 - 4.07

Indiana .............................................. 3.83 - - - 3.83

Kentucky Total ................................. 3.23 2.78 3.71 - 3.24

 East ................................................. 3.02 2.78 3.94 - 3.03

 West ................................................ 4.26 - 3.59 - 4.05

Maryland........................................... 3.18 - 6.06 - 5.50

New Mexico...................................... - - 3.52 - 3.52

Ohio .................................................. 2.60 5.17 4.28 - 3.88

Oklahoma.......................................... 4.98 - - - 4.98

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 3.71 0.78 5.44 - 5.06

 Anthracite ....................................... 0.85 0.78 - - 0.83

 Bituminous...................................... 4.04 - 5.44 - 5.18

Tennessee.......................................... 2.43 - - - 2.43

Utah................................................... 2.70 - 9.10 - 7.78

Virginia............................................. 2.46 - 4.34 - 2.84

West Virginia Total .......................... 3.48 2.66 4.57 - 3.90

 Northern.......................................... 3.75 2.81 4.89 - 4.45

 Southern.......................................... 3.42 2.59 4.31 - 3.69

 

Appalachian Total .......................... 3.11 2.98 4.40 - 3.62

 Northern......................................... 3.56 4.11 5.17 - 4.72

 Central............................................ 3.05 2.78 4.28 - 3.24

 Southern......................................... 0.70 - 2.55 - 2.49

Interior Total................................... 3.42 - 3.55 - 3.46

 Illinois Basin.................................. 4.04 - 4.00 - 4.03

Western Total.................................. 3.00 - 8.80 - 7.91

 Powder River Basin....................... - ----

 Uinta Region.................................. 3.05 - 9.31 - 8.38

 

East of Miss. River.......................... 3.29 2.98 4.35 - 3.69

West of Miss. River......................... 3.17 - 8.80 - 7.87

 

U.S. Total ......................................... 3.29 2.98 5.01 - 4.00 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

4

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 5

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods, or a 50/50 percent conventional/conventional split in mining method. 

 Note: • For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand alone mines. Productivity 

is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, 

maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 43

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2002 

 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range 

State, Region1

, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total2

Alabama...................................................... 2.96 1.27 2.85 3.03 2.92 1.60 * 2.56

 Underground............................................. 2.96 0.80 - - - 0.88 - 2.49

 Surface ...................................................... - 4.97 2.85 3.03 2.92 2.28 * 2.85

Alaska.......................................................... 4.98 - - - - - - 4.98

 Surface ...................................................... 4.98 - - - - - - 4.98

Arizona........................................................ 7.49 - - - - - - 7.21

 Surface ...................................................... 7.49 - - - - - - 7.21

Arkansas ..................................................... - - - - - 2.79 * *

 Underground............................................. - - - - - - * *

 Surface ...................................................... - - - - - 2.79 0.70 2.15

Colorado ..................................................... 8.85 3.29 4.35 - - - - 8.29

 Underground............................................. 9.55 3.29 3.94 - - - - 8.81

 Surface ...................................................... 7.42 - 4.90 - - - - 7.20

Illinois.......................................................... 4.47 4.16 3.97 2.34 - - * 4.23

 Underground............................................. 4.25 4.16 - 2.34 - - - 4.07

 Surface ...................................................... 5.89 - 3.97 - - - * 5.05

Indiana........................................................ 5.52 5.55 5.89 4.38 2.28 - * 5.35

 Underground............................................. 3.86 - 4.63 - - - - 3.79

 Surface ...................................................... 6.52 5.70 6.38 4.38 2.28 - * 6.07

Kansas......................................................... - - 11.04 - - - - 11.04

 Surface ...................................................... - - 11.04 - - - - 11.04

Kentucky..................................................... 4.54 4.59 3.75 2.98 2.62 2.22 * 3.47

 Underground............................................. 4.30 4.14 3.44 2.54 2.44 1.94 * 3.22

 Surface ...................................................... 5.25 5.15 4.19 3.71 3.22 2.69 * 3.94

 Eastern...................................................... 4.37 4.81 3.69 2.97 2.63 2.20 * 3.32

 Underground............................................. 4.09 4.36 3.44 2.61 2.44 1.92 * 3.03

 Surface ...................................................... 4.98 5.24 4.07 3.62 3.34 2.67 * 3.82

 Western..................................................... 4.89 3.63 4.98 3.09 2.25 4.61 - 4.22

 Underground............................................. 4.64 3.56 3.66 1.46 - 13.86 - 4.00

 Surface ...................................................... 6.98 3.98 5.49 4.39 2.25 3.77 - 5.19

Louisiana .................................................... 8.81 8.32 - - - - - 8.73

 Surface ...................................................... 8.81 8.32 - - - - - 8.73

Maryland .................................................... 6.89 5.19 4.20 7.70 1.78 1.45 * 4.71

 Underground............................................. 6.89 - 3.62 - - - * 5.38

 Surface ...................................................... - 5.19 4.65 7.70 1.78 1.45 1.07 3.83

Mississippi .................................................. 8.42 - - - - - - 8.42

 Surface ...................................................... 8.42 - - - - - - 8.42

Missouri ...................................................... - - 12.46 - - 6.41 - 10.64

 Surface ...................................................... - - 12.46 - - 6.41 - 10.64

Montana...................................................... 23.58 - 13.30 - - - - 23.42

 Surface ...................................................... 23.58 - 13.30 - - - - 23.42

New Mexico ................................................ 8.54 3.71 - - - - - 8.29

 Underground............................................. 3.44 - - - - - - 3.44

 Surface ...................................................... 9.46 3.71 - - - - - 9.12

North Dakota.............................................. 17.00 - - - - - - 17.00

 Surface ...................................................... 17.00 - - - - - - 17.00

Ohio............................................................. 4.27 4.50 3.74 2.82 3.08 1.63 * 3.58

 Underground............................................. 4.27 - 3.90 - 3.64 2.26 - 3.91

 Surface ...................................................... - 4.50 3.71 2.82 2.96 1.56 * 3.29

Oklahoma ................................................... - - 4.48 3.20 3.78 - 0.65 4.17

 Underground............................................. - - 4.98 - - - - 4.98

 Surface ...................................................... - - 4.19 3.20 3.78 - 0.65 3.86

Pennsylvania............................................... 5.67 3.55 4.14 3.13 2.67 2.36 * 4.18

 Underground............................................. 5.66 4.43 5.46 2.90 2.80 1.57 * 5.02

 Surface ...................................................... 5.73 2.22 3.37 3.25 2.65 2.58 * 2.40

 Anthracite................................................. - - 2.32 1.57 1.68 1.59 * 0.78

 Underground............................................. - - - 1.80 - 0.88 * 0.78

 Surface ...................................................... - - 2.32 1.35 1.68 1.88 * 0.78

 Bituminous................................................ 5.67 3.55 4.22 3.53 2.85 2.75 * 4.57

 Underground............................................. 5.66 4.43 5.46 3.34 2.80 2.12 * 5.18

 Surface ...................................................... 5.73 2.22 3.44 3.61 2.86 2.90 * 2.93

Tennessee.................................................... - - 3.25 3.29 2.44 2.01 * 2.70

 Underground............................................. - - 3.61 3.29 1.88 1.85 * 2.39

 Surface ...................................................... - - 3.21 - 3.09 2.27 * 2.90

Texas ........................................................... 9.16 - - - - * - 9.05

 Surface ...................................................... 9.16 - - - - * - 9.05

Utah............................................................. 9.49 3.47 4.96 3.00 - * * 7.70

 Underground............................................. 9.49 3.47 - 3.00 - * * 7.77

 Surface ...................................................... - - 4.96 - - - - 4.13

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
44 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2002 (Continued) 

 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range 

State, Region 1, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total 2

Virginia ....................................................... 4.34 3.97 3.50 2.74 2.34 2.27 * 2.94

 Underground............................................. 4.34 3.64 3.20 2.79 2.33 2.16 * 2.81

 Surface ...................................................... - 4.21 4.05 2.60 2.39 2.88 * 3.25

Washington................................................. 4.81 - - - - - - 4.81

 Surface ...................................................... 4.81 - - - - - - 4.81

West Virginia ............................................. 5.56 5.20 4.05 3.36 2.77 2.47 * 4.33

 Underground............................................. 5.03 4.68 3.63 3.30 2.58 2.29 * 3.89

 Surface ...................................................... 6.44 6.21 5.07 3.56 3.75 2.77 * 5.15

 Northern Total ......................................... 5.11 4.13 5.05 3.75 3.21 2.68 * 4.48

 Underground............................................. 4.86 4.13 5.05 3.77 2.80 2.27 * 4.42

 Surface ...................................................... 6.90 - - 3.72 4.06 2.88 * 4.79

 Southern Total ......................................... 5.75 5.35 3.89 3.28 2.63 2.39 * 4.29

 Underground............................................. 5.15 4.79 3.28 3.22 2.52 2.29 * 3.68

 Surface ...................................................... 6.39 6.21 5.07 3.49 3.44 2.67 * 5.19

Wyoming..................................................... 38.40 - 7.41 - - - - 38.10

 Surface ...................................................... 38.40 - 7.41 - - - - 38.10

 

Appalachian Total ..................................... 4.98 4.55 3.76 3.06 2.61 2.20 * 3.71

 Underground............................................. 4.69 4.05 3.61 2.89 2.45 1.95 * 3.61

 Surface ...................................................... 6.03 5.15 3.93 3.32 2.87 2.46 * 3.91

 Northern ................................................... 5.33 4.12 4.13 3.23 2.77 2.24 * 4.16

 Underground............................................. 5.26 4.27 5.00 3.22 2.88 1.78 * 4.70

 Surface ...................................................... 6.57 3.99 3.59 3.24 2.74 2.36 * 3.02

 Central ...................................................... 5.15 4.95 3.68 3.01 2.54 2.26 * 3.64

 Underground............................................. 4.63 4.51 3.33 2.85 2.41 2.08 * 3.23

 Surface ...................................................... 5.97 5.46 4.21 3.43 3.04 2.67 * 4.31

 Southern.................................................... 2.96 1.27 2.85 3.03 2.92 1.60 * 2.56

 Underground............................................. 2.96 0.80 - - - 0.88 - 2.49

 Surface ...................................................... - 4.97 2.85 3.03 2.92 2.28 * 2.85

Interior Total.............................................. 6.03 4.47 5.17 3.09 2.50 1.46 * 5.54

 Underground............................................. 4.30 3.70 4.45 2.02 - 13.86 * 4.00

 Surface ...................................................... 7.93 5.55 5.38 4.16 2.50 1.34 * 7.17

 Illinois Basin............................................. 4.91 4.35 5.12 3.08 2.27 4.61 * 4.59

 Underground............................................. 4.30 3.70 4.24 2.02 - 13.86 - 4.00

 Surface ...................................................... 6.44 5.33 5.35 4.39 2.27 3.77 * 5.75

Western Total............................................. 21.16 3.48 5.55 3.00 - * * 20.07

 Underground............................................. 8.96 3.42 3.94 3.00 - * * 7.89

 Surface ...................................................... 24.45 3.71 6.43 - - - - 23.93

 Powder River Basin................................. 40.92 - - - - - - 40.92

 Surface ...................................................... 40.92 - - - - - - 40.92

 Uinta Region............................................. 9.10 3.42 6.11 3.00 - * * 8.17

 Underground............................................. 9.52 3.42 7.54 3.00 - * * 8.37

 Surface ...................................................... 7.42 - 4.96 - - - - 7.26

 

East of Miss. River..................................... 4.97 4.52 3.83 3.06 2.60 2.21 * 3.86

 Underground............................................. 4.59 4.00 3.62 2.84 2.45 1.96 * 3.67

 Surface ...................................................... 6.20 5.17 4.06 3.40 2.83 2.47 * 4.22

West of Miss. River.................................... 19.11 3.87 5.47 3.13 3.78 0.64 * 18.06

 Underground............................................. 8.96 3.42 4.32 3.00 - * * 7.80

 Surface ...................................................... 21.28 5.05 6.06 3.20 3.78 1.06 * 20.67

 

Subtotal....................................................... 9.89 4.49 3.88 3.06 2.61 2.13 * 6.81

 Underground............................................. 5.07 3.96 3.63 2.84 2.45 1.86 * 3.98

 Surface ...................................................... 15.98 5.17 4.14 3.40 2.84 2.41 * 10.38

 

Refuse Recovery......................................... - - - 8.72 2.83 2.33 0.90 3.86

 

U.S. Total ................................................... . 9.89 4.49 3.88 3.11 2.61 2.13 * 6.80

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, 

development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during 

the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 45

Table 24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2002 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Union Nonunion Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama............................................... 2.58 - * 2.87

Alaska .................................................. - - - 4.98

Arizona ................................................ - 7.21 - -

Arkansas .............................................. - - - 2.79

Colorado .............................................. 5.80 6.83 9.24 7.50

Illinois.................................................. 3.94 3.72 4.20 6.32

Indiana ................................................. - 4.85 3.80 6.35

Kansas.................................................. - - - 11.04

Kentucky Total .................................... 3.30 5.52 3.23 3.86

 Eastern ............................................... 0.89 6.26 3.05 3.73

 Western.............................................. 3.49 3.98 4.38 5.47

Louisiana.............................................. - - - 8.73

Maryland.............................................. - - 5.50 3.87

Mississippi ........................................... - - - 8.42

Missouri ............................................... - - - 10.64

Montana ............................................... - 21.13 - 35.82

New Mexico......................................... 3.44 8.75 - 10.57

North Dakota ....................................... - 14.57 - 17.96

Ohio ..................................................... 3.93 1.84 3.91 3.40

Oklahoma............................................. - - 4.98 3.92

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 4.45 1.05 5.86 2.62

 Anthracite .......................................... - 0.69 0.80 0.81

 Bituminous......................................... 4.45 2.52 6.22 2.98

Tennessee............................................. 2.59 - 2.40 2.90

Texas.................................................... - 8.86 - 9.43

Utah...................................................... 5.02 - 9.04 4.13

Virginia................................................ 2.96 2.90 2.78 3.28

Washington.......................................... - 4.81 - -

West Virginia Total ............................. 3.82 4.76 3.97 5.30

 Northern............................................. 4.80 - 3.76 4.86

 Southern............................................. 3.12 4.76 4.01 5.36

Wyoming ............................................. - 7.94 - 42.55

Appalachian Total ............................. 3.63 4.19 3.62 3.90

 Northern............................................ 4.53 1.20 4.96 3.21

 Central............................................... 3.03 4.85 3.28 4.24

 Southern............................................ 2.58 - * 2.87

Interior Total...................................... 3.76 7.39 4.17 7.06

 Illinois Basin..................................... 3.76 4.31 4.16 6.20

Western Total..................................... 4.74 9.84 9.15 34.88

 Powder River Basin.......................... - 21.28 - 44.02

 Uinta Region..................................... 5.23 6.80 9.32 7.61

East of Miss. River............................. 3.65 4.23 3.70 4.25

West of Miss. River............................ 4.74 9.58 9.07 30.41

U.S. Total ............................................ 3.71 7.89 4.16 11.32 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, 

processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal 

and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 47

Domestic Markets 
48 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2002 

 Company Name Plant Location 

Top Ten Manufacturers

 Aluminum Co of America (IN)(TX)

 Archer Daniels Midland (IA)(IL)(MN)

 BPB America (IL)

 Carmeuse North American Group (AL)(IL)(IN)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)(TX)

 Dakota Coal Company (ND)

 Eastman Kodak Co (AR)(NY)(SC)(TN)(TX)

 Georgia-Pacific Corp (AL)(GA)(OK)(VA)(WI)

 International Paper Co (AL)(FL)(GA)(IN)(LA)(MI)(MN)(NC)(SC)(VA)

 Lafarge North America (AL)(GA)(IA)(IL)(KS)(MI)(MO)(NY)(OK)(PA)(SC)(WA)

 Mead Westvaco Corporation (MD)(MI)(OH)(SC)(VA)

Other Major Manufacturers

 A E Stanley Manufacturing Co (IL)(IN)(TN)

 Amalgamated Sugar Co (ID)

 American Crystal Sugar Co (MN)(ND)

 Ash Grove Cement Co (AR)(KS)(MT)(NE)(UT)

 Bethlehem Steel Corp (IN)

 Blue Ridge Paper Prod Inc (NC)

 Bowater Newsprint (AL)(TN)

 California Portland Cement Co (AZ)(CA)

 Cargill Incorporated (AL)(GA)(IA)(NC)(NY)(OH)(TN)

 Celanese Acetate Corp (SC)(VA)

 Celanese Ltd (TX)

 Cemex, Inc (AL)(CO)(FL)(GA)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)(TN)(TX)

 Central Power & Lime Inc (FL)

 E I DuPont DE Nemours & Co (DE)(MS)(NC)(SC)(TN)(WV)

 ESSROC Materials Inc (IN)(MD)(PA)

 FMC Corporation (WV)(WY)

 G E Company (IN)(KY)(PA)

 General Chemical Corporation (WY)

 Holcim Inc (AL)(CO)(IA)(MI)(MS)(SC)(UT)

 Ispat US Holdings BV (IN)

 IMC Chemical Co (CA)

 Kennecott Utah Copper (UT)

 Lehigh Cement Co (AL)(IA)(IN)(MD)(PA)

 PPG Industries Inc (WV)

 Silver Bay Power Company (MN)

 Smurfit Stone Container Corp (FL)(MI)(SC)(VA)

 Solutia Inc (AL)(MA)

 Stora Enso North America (WI)

 TXI Operations, LP (TX)

 Weyerhaeuser Inc (AL)(NC)(PA)(TN)(WA)

Top Ten Coke Producers

 AK Steel Corp (KY)(OH)

 Bethlehem Steel Corp (IN)

 Citizens Gas & Coke Utility (IN)

 Drummond Company Inc (AL)

 DTE Energy Services (IN)

 Indiana Harbor Coke Co LP (IN)

 Jewell Coke Company LP (VA)

 National Steel Corp (IL)(MI)

 U S Steel Mining Company LLC (IN)(PA)

 Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp (WV) 

 Note: • Major manufactures are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. 

Manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Manufacturers: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report, Manufacturing Plants;" and, Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, 

"Coke Plant Report - Quarterly." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 49

Table 26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2002, 2001 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2002 2001 Total 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial 

2002 2001 Percent 

Change 

New England ....................... 7,696 133 - 101 7,696 179 - 31 7,930 7,905 0.3

 Connecticut........................ 1,393 - - W 1,623 - - W W W -14.2

 Maine ................................. 129 W - W 180 W - W 219 307 -28.7

 Massachusetts .................... 4,648 W - W 4,359 W - W 4,780 4,429 7.9

 New Hampshire ................. 1,527 - - W 1,533 - - W W W -0.4

 Rhode Island ...................... - - - W --- W W W 19.1

 Vermont ............................. - - - W --- W W W -43.2

Middle Atlantic ................... 65,411 W W W 62,861 W W W 77,897 W W

 New Jersey......................... 4,466 W - W 4,305 W - W 4,475 4,315 3.7

 New York........................... 10,070 1,155 W 45 9,258 1,609 W 114 W W -2.2

 Pennsylvania...................... 50,875 3,121 W 587 49,297 3,355 W 785 W W 3.1

East North Central ............. 217,830 14,147 11,154 1,253 214,973 14,967 12,981 907 244,385 243,827 0.2

 Illinois................................ 49,447 3,297 W 173 45,732 3,479 W 228 W W 4.4

 Indiana ............................... 55,669 5,196 8,093 331 57,397 5,334 8,100 251 69,288 71,082 -2.5

 Michigan............................ 33,378 1,802 W 266 33,928 2,177 W 9 W W -2.1

 Ohio ................................... 55,990 2,136 W 357 53,834 2,327 W 230 W W 2.8

 Wisconsin .......................... 23,347 1,716 - 127 24,081 1,651 - 189 25,189 25,921 -2.8

West North Central ............ 143,037 W - W 138,080 W - W 156,376 151,461 3.2

 Iowa ................................... 22,028 2,860 - 313 21,305 2,814 - 279 25,201 24,398 3.3

 Kansas................................ 22,650 178 - * 20,150 165 - * 22,828 20,316 12.4

 Minnesota .......................... 19,148 1,261 - 106 18,427 1,254 - 2 20,515 19,683 4.2

 Missouri ............................. 39,703 994 - 188 38,585 1,015 - 212 40,885 39,812 2.7

 Nebraska ............................ 12,210 388 - 7 12,606 518 - 6 12,605 13,130 -4.0

 North Dakota ..................... 25,247 W - W 24,795 W - W 31,984 31,524 1.5

 South Dakota ..................... 2,051 306 - 1 2,212 378 - 9 2,358 2,599 -9.3

South Atlantic ..................... 167,486 W W W 163,379 W W W 182,017 178,598 1.9

 Delaware............................ 1,541 W - W 1,480 W - W 1,640 1,653 -0.8

 District of Columbia .......... - - - W --- W W W -88.4

 Florida................................ 25,162 1,196 - 10 28,696 1,172 - 60 26,368 29,927 -11.9

 Georgia .............................. 32,793 1,828 - 5 30,891 1,994 - 11 34,626 32,896 5.3

 Maryland............................ 11,050 1,323 - 3 11,158 1,286 - 76 12,376 12,519 -1.1

 North Carolina ................... 29,445 1,597 - 132 28,649 1,704 - 128 31,174 30,481 2.3

 South Carolina ................... 14,347 1,923 - * 14,382 2,038 - - 16,269 16,421 -0.9

 Virginia.............................. 15,367 2,152 W 77 15,428 2,348 W 129 W W -1.5

 West Virginia..................... 37,781 1,536 W 34 32,694 1,611 W 48 W W 14.5

East South Central.............. 105,824 W 2,319 W 107,927 W 2,608 W 115,220 118,291 -2.6

 Alabama............................. 33,441 2,133 W 4 33,801 2,297 W 16 W W -1.3

 Kentucky............................ 39,836 1,134 W 252 41,305 1,357 W 218 W W -4.5

 Mississippi ......................... 7,917 W - W 8,334 W - W 8,066 8,488 -5.0

 Tennessee........................... 24,630 3,340 - 64 24,487 3,575 - 140 28,034 28,202 -0.6

West South Central ............ 145,313 5,247 - 66 142,902 W - W 150,626 148,600 1.4

 Arkansas ............................ 14,165 422 - * 15,110 437 - - 14,587 15,547 -6.2

 Louisiana............................ 14,574 W - W 14,854 W - W 14,628 14,934 -2.1

 Oklahoma........................... 21,365 W - W 20,500 724 - 1 22,090 21,224 4.1

 Texas.................................. 95,209 4,046 - 65 92,438 4,439 - 17 99,321 96,894 2.5

Mountain ............................. 112,726 3,773 - 550 115,996 4,848 W 519 117,049 W W

 Arizona .............................. 19,328 626 - 1 20,158 672 - 1 19,955 20,830 -4.2

 Colorado ............................ 19,448 W - W 19,765 W - W 19,879 20,367 -2.4

 Idaho .................................. - 469 - 19 - 534 - 19 487 553 -11.8

 Montana ............................. 9,746 W - W 10,838 W - W 9,841 11,000 -10.5

 Nevada ............................... 7,887 W - W 8,190 W - W 8,072 8,399 -3.9

 New Mexico....................... 15,195 W - W 15,955 W - W 15,273 16,031 -4.7

 Utah.................................... 15,644 592 - 198 14,906 1,235 W 60 16,434 W W

 Wyoming ........................... 25,479 1,535 - 94 26,184 1,660 - 139 27,108 27,984 -3.1

Pacific................................... 10,536 2,177 - 495 10,620 2,179 - 495 13,207 13,294 -0.7

 Alaska ................................ 545 W - W 515 W - W 1,018 989 2.9

 California ........................... 1,025 1,973 - * 897 1,937 - * 2,997 2,834 5.8

 Hawaii................................ 643 W - W 716 W - W 692 829 -16.4

 Oregon ............................... 2,155 W - W 2,490 - - W 2,205 W W

 Washington........................ 6,168 W - W 6,001 W - W 6,295 6,151 2.3

U.S. Total ............................. 975,858 60,747 23,656 4,445 964,433 65,268 26,075 4,369 1,064,706 1,060,146 0.4 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Electric power sector data is preliminary. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants," Form 

EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly," Form EIA-6A, "Coal Distribution Report," and, Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report - Nonutility." 
50 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 27. Year-End Coal Stocks by End-Use Sector, by Census Division, 2002, 2001 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2002 2001 Total Census Division 

and State Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 2002 2001 Percent 

Change 

New England .............................. 894 48 - 1,195 50 - 942 1,244 -24.3

Middle Atlantic .......................... 7,353 447 W 8,713 505 W W W -14.8

East North Central .................... 37,300 1,761 570 35,268 1,823 637 39,631 37,729 5.0

West North Central ................... 23,372 1,301 - 21,162 1,222 - 24,673 22,384 10.2

South Atlantic ............................ 23,308 715 W 27,409 924 W W W -15.1

East South Central..................... 14,300 401 208 12,741 476 266 14,909 13,483 10.6

West South Central ................... 21,077 349 - 18,419 411 - 21,427 18,830 13.8

Mountain .................................... 13,297 560 - 12,752 366 W 13,857 W W

Pacific.......................................... 1,125 209 - 836 230 - 1,334 1,066 25.1

U.S. Total .................................... 142,026 5,792 1,364 138,496 6,006 1,510 149,182 146,012 2.2 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Stocks for residential and commercial sector are not included. Electric power sector data is preliminary. Totals may not equal sum of components because of 

independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants," and 

Form EIA-5, "Coke Plants Report - Quarterly." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 51

F.O.B. Mine Sales Price 
52 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2002, 2001 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

2002 2001 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama....................................... 34.11 34.87 34.28 34.95 32.39 34.36 -2.4 7.6 -0.2

Alaska .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Arkansas ...................................... - W W - - - - W W

Colorado ...................................... 16.58 20.37 17.72 15.89 20.02 17.20 4.4 1.7 3.0

Illinois.......................................... 23.50 26.30 24.04 23.06 25.86 23.52 1.9 1.7 2.2

Indiana ......................................... 25.92 21.24 22.20 24.10 19.89 20.67 7.5 6.8 7.4

Kansas.......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total ............................ 28.03 27.38 27.77 26.59 27.04 26.77 5.4 1.2 3.7

 Eastern ....................................... 29.77 28.11 29.04 28.11 27.76 27.96 5.9 1.2 3.9

 Western...................................... 22.37 21.81 22.23 21.72 21.10 21.58 3.0 3.3 3.0

Louisiana...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland...................................... W W 23.08 W W 23.83 W W -3.2

Mississippi ................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri ....................................... - W W - W W - W W

Montana ....................................... - 9.27 9.27 - 8.83 8.83 - 4.9 4.9

New Mexico................................. W W 22.47 W W 22.02 W W 2.1

North Dakota ............................... - 8.46 8.46 - 8.48 8.48 - -0.2 -0.2

Ohio ............................................. 20.88 22.00 21.44 21.54 21.44 21.48 -3.1 2.6 -0.2

Oklahoma..................................... W W 27.86 W W 27.07 W W 2.9

Pennsylvania Total ...................... 25.52 27.42 25.87 24.15 28.42 25.07 5.7 -3.5 3.2

 Anthracite .................................. 40.73 49.55 47.78 42.33 49.28 47.67 -3.8 0.5 0.2

 Bituminous................................. 25.45 25.49 25.46 24.04 26.90 24.63 5.9 -5.2 3.4

Tennessee..................................... 33.53 27.57 29.56 29.83 26.00 27.57 12.4 6.0 7.2

Texas............................................ - 17.02 17.02 - 18.77 18.77 - -9.3 -9.3

Utah.............................................. W W 18.30 19.86 - 19.86 W W -7.9

Virginia........................................ 31.68 29.77 31.09 28.85 28.41 28.72 9.8 4.8 8.2

West Virginia Total ..................... 30.20 28.77 29.59 27.21 26.75 27.03 11.0 7.5 9.5

 Northern..................................... 24.42 27.93 24.98 22.47 29.86 23.48 8.7 -6.4 6.4

 Southern..................................... 33.03 28.84 30.92 29.51 26.48 28.08 11.9 8.9 10.1

Wyoming ..................................... - 6.37 6.37 - 5.62 5.62 - 13.4 13.4

 

U.S. Total .................................... 26.68 13.65 17.98 25.37 13.18 17.38 5.1 3.6 3.5 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 53

Table 29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2002 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Continuous1

 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total 

Alabama............................................ W - W - 34.11

Colorado ........................................... W - W - 16.58

Illinois............................................... W - W - 23.50

Indiana .............................................. 25.92 - - - 25.92

Kentucky Total ................................. 28.31 27.92 25.99 - 28.03

 Eastern ............................................ W 27.92 W - 29.77

 Western........................................... W - W - 22.37

Maryland........................................... - - W - W

New Mexico...................................... - - W - W

Ohio .................................................. 27.55 W W - 20.88

Oklahoma.......................................... W --- W

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 22.78 W W - 25.52

 Anthracite ....................................... W W - - 40.73

 Bituminous...................................... W - W - 25.45

Tennessee.......................................... 33.53 - - - 33.53

Utah................................................... W - W - W

Virginia............................................. W - W - 31.68

West Virginia Total .......................... 30.65 29.05 29.63 - 30.20

 Northern.......................................... 24.02 W 24.58 - 24.42

 Southern.......................................... 32.01 W 35.38 - 33.03

 

U.S. Total ......................................... 28.21 26.10 25.32 - 26.68 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

3

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 4

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods, or a 50/50 percent conventional/conventional split in mining method. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
54 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2002 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Alabama...................................................... 39 18,221 34.28

 Bibb........................................................... 1 W W

 Jefferson.................................................... 9 W W

 Marion....................................................... 1 W W

 Shelby ....................................................... 1 W W

 Tuscaloosa ................................................ 10 9,812 32.00

 Walker....................................................... 15 2,237 34.22

 Winston..................................................... 2 W W

Alaska.......................................................... 1WW

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division ........................ 1 W W

Arizona........................................................ 2WW

 Navajo....................................................... 2 W W

Arkansas ..................................................... 1WW

 Sebastian................................................... 1 W W

Colorado ..................................................... 13 32,554 17.72

 Delta.......................................................... 1 W W

 Garfield..................................................... 1 W W

 Gunnison................................................... 3 W W

 La Plata ..................................................... 1 W W

 Las Animas ............................................... 1 W W

 Moffat ....................................................... 2 W W

 Montrose................................................... 1 W W

 Rio Blanco ................................................ 1--

 Routt ......................................................... 2 W W

Illinois.......................................................... 21 32,989 24.04

 Gallatin ..................................................... 3 W W

 Jackson...................................................... 1 W W

 Jefferson.................................................... 1 W W

 Macoupin .................................................. 2 W W

 Mcdonough............................................... 1 W W

 Montgomery ............................................. 1 W W

 Perry.......................................................... 1 W W

 Randolph................................................... 1 W W

 Saline ........................................................ 4 W W

 Sangamon ................................................. 1 W W

 Vermilion.................................................. 2 W W

 Wabash ..................................................... 1 W W

 White......................................................... 1 W W

 Williamson................................................ 1 W W

Indiana........................................................ 32 34,572 22.20

 Clay........................................................... 3 W W

 Daviess...................................................... 3 W W

 Gibson....................................................... 6 11,871 20.95

 Greene....................................................... 2 W W

 Knox ......................................................... 7 5,200 24.82

 Parke ......................................................... 1 W W

 Pike ........................................................... 5 5,057 22.37

 Spencer ..................................................... 1 W W

 Sullivan..................................................... 1 W W

 Vigo .......................................................... 2 W W

 Warrick ..................................................... 1 W W

Kansas......................................................... 1WW

 Linn........................................................... 1 W W

Kentucky..................................................... 365 120,923 27.77

 Bell............................................................ 14 2,717 27.89

 Breathitt .................................................... 4 W W

 Christian.................................................... 1 W W

 Clay........................................................... 3 W W

 Daviess...................................................... 1 W W

 Floyd......................................................... 24 3,008 27.26

 Harlan ....................................................... 40 10,205 28.79

 Henderson................................................. 2 W W

 Hopkins..................................................... 8 2,832 25.34

 Jackson...................................................... 1 W W

 Johnson ..................................................... 4 W W

 Knott ......................................................... 40 10,850 28.15

 Knox ......................................................... 8 429 35.99

 Laurel........................................................ 1 W W

 Lawrence................................................... 6 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 55

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2002 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Lee ............................................................ 1 W W

 Leslie......................................................... 13 6,407 26.80

 Letcher...................................................... 31 8,546 30.12

 Magoffin ................................................... 1 W W

 Martin ....................................................... 18 9,365 27.01

 Mclean ...................................................... 1 W W

 Morgan...................................................... 1 W W

 Muhlenberg............................................... 7 W W

 Ohio .......................................................... 2 W W

 Owsley ...................................................... 2 W W

 Perry.......................................................... 25 12,921 28.90

 Pike ........................................................... 96 29,733 30.49

 Union ........................................................ 3 W W

 Webster..................................................... 3 W W

 Whitley ..................................................... 4 173 33.44

Louisiana .................................................... 2WW

 De Soto ..................................................... 1 W W

 Red River.................................................. 1 W W

Maryland .................................................... 14 4,586 23.08

 Allegany.................................................... 10 W W

 Garrett....................................................... 4 W W

Mississippi .................................................. 1WW

 Choctaw .................................................... 1 W W

Missouri ...................................................... 2WW

 Bates ......................................................... 2 W W

Montana...................................................... 6 36,555 9.27

 Big Horn ................................................... 3 W W

 Richland.................................................... 1 W W

 Rosebud .................................................... 2 W W

New Mexico ................................................ 7 27,977 22.47

 Colfax ....................................................... 1 W W

 Mckinley................................................... 2 W W

 San Juan.................................................... 4 W W

North Dakota.............................................. 4 31,003 8.46

 Mclean ...................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer....................................................... 2 W W

 Oliver........................................................ 1 W W

Ohio............................................................. 51 18,482 21.44

 Athens....................................................... 1 W W

 Belmont..................................................... 8 W W

 Carroll....................................................... 3 W W

 Columbiana............................................... 4 W W

 Coshocton ................................................. 1 W W

 Gallia......................................................... 1 W W

 Guernsey................................................... 2 W W

 Harrison .................................................... 6 W W

 Jackson...................................................... 2 W W

 Jefferson.................................................... 7 529 23.00

 Meigs ........................................................ 1 W W

 Monroe...................................................... 1 W W

 Muskingum............................................... 1 W W

 Noble......................................................... 1 W W

 Perry.......................................................... 1 W W

 Stark.......................................................... 3 W W

 Tuscarawas ............................................... 6 W W

 Vinton ....................................................... 2 W W

Oklahoma ................................................... 5 1,393 27.86

 Craig ......................................................... 1 W W

 Haskell ...................................................... 1 W W

 Le Flore..................................................... 2 W W

 Rogers....................................................... 1 W W

Pennsylvania............................................... 174 66,932 25.87

 Armstrong................................................. 22 4,336 23.55

 Beaver....................................................... 1 W W

 Bedford ..................................................... 1 W W

 Butler ........................................................ 1 W W

 Cambria..................................................... 7 976 24.89

 Centre........................................................ 1 W W

 Clarion ...................................................... 3 W W

 Clearfield .................................................. 24 2,952 28.50

See footnotes at end of table. 
56 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2002 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Columbia................................................... 3 W W

 Elk............................................................. 3 W W

 Fayette....................................................... 5 W W

 Greene....................................................... 11 40,338 25.40

 Indiana ...................................................... 20 2,836 24.51

 Jefferson.................................................... 11 849 27.63

 Lackawanna .............................................. 1 W W

 Lawrence................................................... 2 W W

 Luzerne ..................................................... 3 W W

 Lycoming.................................................. 1 W W

 Northumberland........................................ 1 W W

 Schuylkill.................................................. 21 523 40.44

 Somerset ................................................... 21 4,263 21.32

 Venango.................................................... 1 W W

 Washington............................................... 5 W W

 Westmoreland........................................... 5 183 20.56

Tennessee.................................................... 20 3,237 29.56

 Anderson................................................... 2 W W

 Campbell................................................... 7 1,027 31.05

 Claiborne................................................... 8 1,696 27.18

 Cumberland............................................... 1 W W

 Fentress..................................................... 1 W W

 Scott .......................................................... 1 W W

Texas ........................................................... 12 9,119 17.02

 Atascosa.................................................... 1--

 Freestone................................................... 1--

 Harrison .................................................... 1--

 Hopkins..................................................... 1--

 Leon .......................................................... 1 W W

 Milam........................................................ 1--

 Panola ....................................................... 1--

 Robertson.................................................. 1 W W

 Rusk .......................................................... 1--

 Titus .......................................................... 2--

 Webb......................................................... 1 W W

Utah............................................................. 12 19,234 18.30

 Carbon....................................................... 7 8,498 19.38

 Emery........................................................ 3 W W

 Sevier........................................................ 2 W W

Virginia ....................................................... 128 28,399 31.09

 Buchanan .................................................. 38 8,999 33.72

 Dickenson ................................................. 20 2,932 35.69

 Lee ............................................................ 3 W W

 Russell....................................................... 5 W W

 Tazewell.................................................... 8 1,380 30.93

 Wise .......................................................... 54 14,260 28.57

Washington................................................. 1--

 Lewis......................................................... 1--

West Virginia ............................................. 264 142,788 29.59

 Barbour..................................................... 8 616 18.24

 Boone........................................................ 39 31,432 30.80

 Brooke....................................................... 1 W W

 Clay........................................................... 2 W W

 Fayette....................................................... 11 4,389 31.43

 Grant ......................................................... 3 W W

 Greenbrier................................................. 4 W W

 Harrison .................................................... 9 W W

 Kanawha ................................................... 15 15,273 30.38

 Lincoln...................................................... 3 W W

 Logan ........................................................ 17 10,071 28.84

 Marion....................................................... 2 W W

 Marshall .................................................... 1 W W

 Mcdowell .................................................. 45 4,709 33.29

 Mineral...................................................... 2 W W

 Mingo........................................................ 30 19,694 30.83

 Monongalia............................................... 10 W W

 Nicholas .................................................... 6 W W

 Ohio .......................................................... 1 W W

 Preston ...................................................... 2 W W

 Raleigh...................................................... 13 4,890 35.62

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 57

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2002 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

West Virginia (continued) 

 Tucker....................................................... 1 W W

 Upshur....................................................... 8 1,052 18.90

 Wayne....................................................... 5 W W

 Webster..................................................... 8 W W

 Wyoming .................................................. 18 W W

Wyoming..................................................... 18 354,539 6.37

 Campbell................................................... 12 320,627 6.15

 Carbon....................................................... 2 W W

 Converse ................................................... 1 W W

 Lincoln...................................................... 1 W W

 Sweetwater................................................ 2 W W

U.S. Total ................................................... . 1,196 1,003,161 17.98

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
58 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2002 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Alabama............................................ 34.28 - - - 34.28

Alaska ............................................... - W - - W

Arizona ............................................. W --- W

Arkansas ........................................... W --- W

Colorado ........................................... W W - - 17.72

Illinois............................................... 24.04 - - - 24.04

Indiana .............................................. 22.20 - - - 22.20

Kansas............................................... W --- W

Kentucky Total ................................. 27.77 - - - 27.77

 Eastern ............................................ 29.04 - - - 29.04

 Western........................................... 22.23 - - - 22.23

Louisiana........................................... - - W - W

Maryland........................................... 23.08 - - - 23.08

Mississippi ........................................ - - W - W

Missouri ............................................ W --- W

Montana ............................................ - W W - 9.27

New Mexico...................................... W W - - 22.47

North Dakota .................................... - - 8.46 - 8.46

Ohio .................................................. 21.44 - - - 21.44

Oklahoma.......................................... 27.86 - - - 27.86

Pennsylvania Total ........................... 25.46 - - 47.78 25.87

 Anthracite ....................................... - - - 47.78 47.78

 Bituminous...................................... 25.46 - - - 25.46

Tennessee.......................................... 29.56 - - - 29.56

Texas................................................. W - W - 17.02

Utah................................................... 18.30 - - - 18.30

Virginia............................................. 31.09 - - - 31.09

West Virginia Total .......................... 29.59 - - - 29.59

 Northern.......................................... 24.98 - - - 24.98

 Southern.......................................... 30.92 - - - 30.92

Wyoming .......................................... W W - - 6.37

 

U.S. Total ......................................... 26.57 7.34 11.07 47.78 17.98 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 59

Table 32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2002 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Underground Surface Total 

Over 1,000 ................................................... 25.69 11.16 15.39

500 to 1,000 ................................................. 29.34 27.16 28.24

200 to 500 .................................................... 28.41 27.32 27.83

100 to 200 .................................................... 29.25 27.56 28.49

50 to 100 ...................................................... 29.25 28.04 28.73

10 to 50 ........................................................ 29.67 26.57 27.97

U.S. Total .................................................... 26.68 13.65 17.98 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
60 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2002 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market1

 Captive2

Alabama........................................................................................ 34.28 44.18

Alaska ........................................................................................... W -

Arizona ......................................................................................... W -

Arkansas ....................................................................................... W -

Colorado ....................................................................................... 17.72 29.40

Illinois........................................................................................... 24.04 20.65

Indiana .......................................................................................... 22.20 20.46

Kansas........................................................................................... W -

Kentucky Total ............................................................................. 27.77 25.39

 Eastern ........................................................................................ 29.04 28.75

 Western....................................................................................... 22.23 23.97

Louisiana....................................................................................... W W

Maryland....................................................................................... 23.08 20.23

Mississippi .................................................................................... W -

Missouri ........................................................................................ W -

Montana ........................................................................................ 9.27 5.81

New Mexico.................................................................................. 22.47 -

North Dakota ................................................................................ 8.46 -

Ohio .............................................................................................. 21.44 22.20

Oklahoma...................................................................................... 27.86 -

Pennsylvania Total ....................................................................... 25.87 23.05

 Anthracite ................................................................................... 47.78 -

 Bituminous.................................................................................. 25.46 23.05

Tennessee...................................................................................... 29.56 -

Texas............................................................................................. 17.02 13.93

Utah............................................................................................... 18.30 16.71

Virginia......................................................................................... 31.09 23.91

Washington................................................................................... - W

West Virginia Total ...................................................................... 29.59 33.83

 Northern...................................................................................... 24.98 28.97

 Southern...................................................................................... 30.92 36.41

Wyoming ...................................................................................... 6.37 9.19

U.S. Total ..................................................................................... 17.98 16.85 

1

 Open market includes coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold, by the total open market 

coal sold. An average captive market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the captive market coal sold, by the total captive 

market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge 

operations. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 61

Consumer Prices 
62 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Table 34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2002, 2001 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

2002 2001 Annual Percent Change 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

New England .............................. 48.78 62.85 - 43.52 55.65 - 12.1 12.9 -

 Connecticut............................... - W -- W - - - -

 Maine ........................................ - W -- W - - 13.0 -

 Massachusetts ........................... 56.43 W -- W - - 13.9 -

 New Hampshire ........................ 47.75 W - 43.52 W - 9.7 - -

 Rhode Island ............................. - W -- W - - - -

 Vermont .................................... - W -- W - - - -

Middle Atlantic .......................... 41.80 W W 37.14 W W 12.5 5.0 14.1

 New Jersey................................ 60.60 W - 58.58 W - 3.4 10.6 -

 New York.................................. 40.10 49.78 W 37.06 41.27 W 8.2 20.6 10.1

 Pennsylvania............................. 30.62 37.60 W 31.12 38.39 W -1.6 -2.0 16.8

East North Central .................... 25.03 38.64 52.80 25.25 36.47 47.53 -0.9 6.0 11.1

 Illinois....................................... 22.50 30.23 W 23.01 30.17 W -2.2 0.2 -4.4

 Indiana ...................................... 24.62 38.54 54.67 23.91 36.11 48.39 3.0 6.7 13.0

 Michigan................................... 26.66 44.75 W 26.06 40.72 W 2.3 9.9 7.3

 Ohio .......................................... 28.95 40.59 W 30.97 38.55 W -6.5 5.3 6.4

 Wisconsin ................................. 19.90 46.24 - 19.06 42.39 - 4.4 9.1 -

West North Central ................... 14.69 W - 14.97 W - -1.9 22.7 -

 Iowa .......................................... 14.95 30.87 - 14.09 29.83 - 6.1 3.5 -

 Kansas....................................... 16.85 36.40 - 18.20 34.91 - -7.4 4.3 -

 Minnesota ................................. 18.68 32.01 - 18.13 32.51 - 3.0 -1.5 -

 Missouri .................................... 15.82 35.89 - 17.08 33.56 - -7.4 6.9 -

 Nebraska ................................... 10.05 23.52 - 9.71 22.35 - 3.5 5.2 -

 North Dakota ............................ 9.76 W - 9.74 W - 0.2 7.6 -

 South Dakota ............................ 22.14 20.23 - 17.41 18.49 - 27.2 9.4 -

South Atlantic ............................ 38.91 W W 38.21 W W 1.8 7.1 -2.4

 Delaware................................... - W - 54.54 W - -100.0 20.5 -

 District of Columbia ................. - W -- W - - - -

 Florida....................................... 42.48 46.27 - 41.74 46.14 - 1.8 0.3 -

 Georgia ..................................... 39.17 51.51 - 39.04 48.62 - 0.3 5.9 -

 Maryland................................... - 40.94 - - 37.14 - - 10.2 -

 North Carolina .......................... 43.22 50.43 - 39.20 45.05 - 10.3 11.9 -

 South Carolina .......................... 40.25 51.94 - 39.40 48.95 - 2.2 6.1 -

 Virginia..................................... 40.79 49.71 W 40.29 46.26 W 1.2 7.5 -2.2

 West Virginia............................ 30.08 40.13 W 30.31 36.32 W -0.8 10.5 -2.6

East South Central..................... 29.04 W 50.03 28.60 W 47.69 1.5 4.5 4.9

 Alabama.................................... 30.64 42.72 W 30.61 40.96 W * 4.3 5.5

 Kentucky................................... 27.25 47.31 W 25.29 46.09 W 7.8 2.7 1.4

 Mississippi ................................ 38.86 W - 38.31 W - 1.4 4.9 -

 Tennessee.................................. 27.73 40.17 - 28.31 38.18 - -2.0 5.2 -

West South Central ................... 18.41 25.60 - 19.17 W - -4.0 W -

 Arkansas ................................... 14.52 46.28 - 15.23 44.40 - -4.7 4.3 -

 Louisiana................................... 20.27 W - 20.64 W - -1.8 -14.7 -

 Oklahoma.................................. 16.27 W - 15.75 27.63 - 3.3 W -

 Texas......................................... 20.66 22.54 - 20.39 23.47 - 1.3 -4.0 -

Mountain .................................... 20.50 30.02 - 21.49 29.83 W -4.6 0.6 W

 Arizona ..................................... 25.52 42.85 - 25.43 41.66 - 0.4 2.8 -

 Colorado ................................... 18.58 W - 17.93 W - 3.6 9.1 -

 Idaho ......................................... - 35.61 - - 34.80 - - 2.3 -

 Montana .................................... 10.29 W - 12.42 W - -17.1 6.5 -

 Nevada ...................................... 30.21 W - 28.35 W - 6.6 -8.1 -

 New Mexico.............................. 28.87 W - 27.43 W - 5.2 0.6 -

 Utah........................................... 21.88 25.84 - 25.96 26.03 W -15.7 -0.7 W

 Wyoming .................................. 13.76 25.09 - 13.56 25.41 - 1.5 -1.3 -

Pacific.......................................... 23.11 39.43 - 19.33 40.10 - 19.6 -1.7 -

 Alaska ....................................... - W -- W - - - -

 California .................................. - 39.16 - - 38.93 - - 0.6 -

 Hawaii....................................... - W -- W - - -4.4 -

 Oregon ...................................... 23.11 W - 19.33 W - 19.6 - -

 Washington............................... - W -- W - - -7.6 -

U.S. Total .................................... 24.74 35.49 50.67 24.68 32.26 46.42 0.3 10.0 9.2 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Includes manufacturing plants only. 

 Source: • Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants, Energy Information 

Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants," and Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 63

Glossary 

American Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a 

mining company to produce coal from American Indian 

lands in exchange for royalties and other revenues; 

obtained by direct negotiation with Indian tribal 

authorities, but subject to approval and administration by 

the U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for 

residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, 

brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard 

coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a 

low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content 

of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 

percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 

28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed 

in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short 

ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both 

inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 

1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for 

steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a 

heat content of 15 million Btu per short ton or less. 

Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Area (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat terrain to 

recover coal by mining long cuts or pits successively. 

The material excavated from the cut being mined is 

deposited in the cut previously mined. 

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a 

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour surface 

mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to 

excavate. 

Average Number of Employees: The arithmetic mean 

number of employees working each day at a mining 

operation. Includes maintenance, office, as well as 

production-related employees. 

Average Open Market Sales Price: The ratio of the 

total value of the open market sales of coal produced at 

the mine to the total open market sales tonnage. 

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio of 

the total production at a mining operation to the total 

direct labor hours worked at the operation. 

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be 

recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, 

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic area. 

Bed, Coalbed: All the coal and partings lying between a 

roof and floor. 

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, 

sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of 

bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also 

used for heat and power applications in manufacturing 

and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant 

coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content 

usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of 

bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton 

on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content 

of bituminous coal consumed in the United States 

averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed 

by dividing production by productive capacity and 

multiplying by 100. 

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the mine 

operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for example, 

steel companies and electric utilities). 

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of the 

United States established by the Bureau of the Census, 

U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical analysis. 

The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State 

boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is 

subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific 

Noncontiguous areas. 

Central Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing 

Regions. 

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight. 

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black 

rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, 

consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more 

than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It 

is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, 

hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by 

heat and pressure over geologic time. 

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed into 

solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke 

oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air. 

Coal (coke): See Coke (coal). 
64 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the total 

direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

Coal Preparation/Washing: The treatment of coal to 

reject waste. In its broadest sense, preparation is any 

processing of mined coal to prepare it for market, 

including crushing and screening or sieving the coal to 

reach a uniform size, which normally results in removal 

of some non-coal material. The term coal preparation 

most commonly refers to processing, including crushing 

and screening, passing the material through one or more 

processes to remove impurities, sizing the product, and 

loading for shipment. Many of the processes separate 

rock, clay, and other minerals from coal in a liquid 

medium; hence the term washing is widely used. In some 

cases coal passes through a drying step before loading. 

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification 

of areas where coal is produced. 

Appalachian Region. Consists of Alabama, Eastern 

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 

Virginia, and West Virginia. 

Northern Appalachian Region. Consists of Maryland, 

Pennsylvania Bituminous, and Northern West Virginia. 

Central Appalachian Region. Consists of Eastern 

Kentucky, Virginia, Southern West Virginia, and the 

Tennessee counties of: Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, 

Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, 

Putnam, Roane, and Scott. 

Southern Appalachian Region: Consists of Alabama, and 

the Tennessee counties of: Bledsoe, Coffee, Franklin, 

Grundy, Hamilton, Marion, Rhea, Sequatchie, Van 

Buren, Warren, and White. 

Interior Region (with Gulf Coast). Consists of Arkansas, 

Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, 

Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Western Kentucky. 

Illinois Basin: Consists of Illinois, Indiana, and Western 

Kentucky. 

Western Region. Consists of Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, 

Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, 

Washington, and Wyoming. 

Powder River Basin: Consists of the Montana counties 

of Big Horn, Custer, Powder River, Rosebud, and 

Treasure and the Wyoming counties of Campbell, 

Converse, Crook, Johnson, Natrona, Niobrara, Sheridan, 

and Weston. 

Uinta Basin: Consists of the Colorado counties of Delta, 

Garfield, Gunnison, Mesa, Moffat, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, 

Routt and the Utah counties of Carbon, Duchesne, 

Emery, Grand, Sanpete, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, and 

Wasatch. 

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined and/or 

purchased coal originates are defined as follows: 

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, 

Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, 

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, 

New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, 

Pennsylvania anthracite, Pennsylvania bituminous, 

Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West 

Virginia Northern, West Virginia Southern, and 

Wyoming. The following Coal-Producing States are split 

in origin of coal, as defined by: 

Kentucky, Eastern. All mines in the following counties 

in Eastern Kentucky: Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, 

Clinton, Elliot, Estill, Floyd, Greenup, Harlan, Jackson, 

Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, 

Letcher, Lewis, Magoffin, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, 

Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, 

Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Whitley, and Wolfe. 

 

Kentucky, Western. All mines in the following counties 

in Western Kentucky: Breckinridge, Butler, Caldwell, 

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, 

Hancock, Hart, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, 

Muhlenberg, Ohio, Simpson, Todd, Union, Warren, and 

Webster. 

Pennsylvania Anthracite. All mines in the following 

counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, 

Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, 

Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in 

Bradford County. 

Pennsylvania Bituminous. All mines located in the 

following counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, 

Bedford, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Elk, 

Fayette, Green, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, Lycoming, 

Somerset, Venango, Washington, and Westmoreland, 

and all bituminous mines in Bradford County. 

West Virginia, Northern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 1, 

3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, 

Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, 

Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, 

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, 

Tyler, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood. 

West Virginia, Southern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 7 

& 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, 

Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 65

Mingo, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, 

Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming. 

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their 

degree of progressive alteration from lignite to 

anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of 

coal include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous 

coal, and anthracite and are based on fixed carbon, 

volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or 

caking) properties. 

Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for 

future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are 

collected for a particular reporting period (month, 

quarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as 

of the last day of this period. 

 Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal 

seam. 

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces 

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy 

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, 

heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status as a 

qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility 

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must 

produce electric energy and "another form of useful 

thermal energy through the sequential use of energy," 

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency 

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal 

Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.) 

Coke (coal): A solid carbonaceous residue derived from 

low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the 

volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven 

at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so 

that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. 

Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in 

smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is 

grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 

million Btu per short ton. 

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot or 

beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke. 

Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke. 

See Coke (coal). 

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar mining 

in which a continuous mining machine extracts and 

removes coal from the working face in one operation; no 

blasting is required. 

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations that 

involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily when 

blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then 

loading the broken coal. 

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in which 

the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that 

includes the F.O.B. value of the product at the point of 

origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. This 

type of transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase in 

that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the 

loading port (as certified by the Bill of Loading and 

Quality Report) rather than pay on the basis of the 

quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It 

is similar to the terms of an F.O.B. sale, except that the 

seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges 

for transportation and insurance. 

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for the 

sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource 

categories of reliability which represents 100 percent of 

the coal in these categories in place as of a certain date. 

Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 

inches or more thick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 

inches or more thick that occur at depths to 1 thousand 

feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 inches or more thick that 

can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper 

beds that presently are being mined or for which there is 

evidence that they could be mined commercially at this 

time. Represents that portion of identified coal resources 

from which reserves are calculated. 

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by all 

mining employees at a mining operation during the year. 

Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in 

production, preparation, development, maintenance, 

repair, shop or yard work, management, office workers, 

and technical or engineering work. 

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from 

rivers or streams. 

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal 

or nearly horizontal entry driven along to a coalbed 

exposed in a hillside. 

Electric Power Sector: The electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers) 

comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power 

(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 

Estimated Recoverable Reserves: See recoverable 

reserves. 
66 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining 

company to produce coal from land owned and 

administered by the Federal Government in exchange for 

royalties and other revenues. 

. 

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by manual 

labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance to the 

surface. 

Illinois Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Indicated Resources: Coal for which estimates of the 

rank, quality, and quantity have been computed partly 

from sample analyses and measurements and partly from 

reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are 

computed partly from specified measurements and partly 

from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance 

on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of 

observation are 0.5 to 1.5 miles apart. Indicated coal is 

projected to extend as a 0.5-mile-wide belt that lies more 

than 0.25 miles from the outcrop or points of observation 

or measurement. 

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector is comprised of 

manufacturing industries which make up the largest part 

of the sector, along with mining, construction, 

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the 

sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to 

companies assembling electronic components. 

Interior Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as 

brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a 

high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 

percent The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 

million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. 

The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States 

averages 13 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Longwall Mining: An automated form of underground 

coal mining characterized by high recovery and 

extraction rates, feasible only in relatively flat-lying, 

thick, and uniform coalbeds. A high-powered cutting 

machine is passed across the exposed face of coal, 

shearing away broken coal, which is continuously hauled 

away by a floor-level conveyor system. Longwall mining 

extracts all machine-minable coal between the floor and 

ceiling within a contiguous block of coal, known as a 

panel, leaving no support pillars within the panel area. 

Panel dimensions vary over time and with mining 

conditions but currently average about 900 feet wide 

(coal face width) and more than 8,000 feet long (the 

minable extent of the panel, measured in direction of 

mining). Longwall mining is done under movable roof 

supports that are advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in 

the mined-out area is allowed to fall as the mining 

advances. 

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial 

users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged 

in the mechanical or chemical transformation of 

materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or 

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for 

gasification/liquifaction and coal used for coal synfuels. 

Minable: Capable of being mined under current mining 

technology and environmental and legal restrictions, 

rules, and regulations. 

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground Mine. 

Northern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines 

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a 

particular geographic area (State or region). 

Number of Mining Operations: The number of mining 

operations includes preparation plants. Mining 

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, 

or a preparation plant only, will be counted as two 

operations if the preparation plant processes both 

underground and surface coal. 

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., 

coal sold to companies other than the reporting 

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of 

the parent company. 

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled 

through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate 

joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small 

group of businesses as a separate and specific business or 

project for the mutual benefit of the members of the 

group. 

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not including 

coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or chemical 

transformation of materials or substances into new 

products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in the 

agriculture, mining, or construction industries. 

Parent Company: A company which solely or jointly 

owns the reporting company and which is not itself a 

subsidiary of, or owned by, another company. 

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to 

productive capacity, times 100. 

Powder River Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 67

Preparation Plant: A facility at which coal is crushed, 

screened, and mechanically cleaned. 

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal 

that a mining operation can produce or process during a 

period with the existing mining equipment and/or 

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and 

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment are 

available, and that the market exists for the maximum 

production. 

Recoverability: In reference to accessible coal 

resources, the condition of being physically, 

technologically, and economically minable. Recovery 

rates and recovery factors may be determined or 

estimated for coal resources without certain knowledge 

of their economic minability; therefore, the availability 

of recovery rates or factors does not predict 

recoverability. 

Recoverable Coal: Coal that is, or can be, extracted 

from a coal bed during mining. 

Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines: The 

amount of in situ coal that can be recovered by mining 

existing reserves at mines reporting on Form EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves, Estimated Recoverable 

Reserves: Reserve estimates (broad meaning) based on a 

demonstrated reserve base adjusted for assumed 

accessibility factors and recovery factors. The term is 

used by EIA to distinguish estimated recoverable 

reserves, which are derived without specific economic 

feasibility criteria by factoring (downward) from a 

demonstrated reserve base for one or more study areas or 

regions, from recoverable reserves at active mines, which 

are aggregated (upward) from reserve estimates reported 

by currently active, economically viable mines on Form 

EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the 

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the 

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base. 

Recovery Factor: The percentage of total tons of coal 

estimated to be recoverable from a given area in relation 

to the total tonnage estimated to be in the demonstrated 

reserve base. For the purpose of calculating depletion 

factors only, the estimated recovery factors for the 

demonstrated reserve base generally are 50 percent for 

underground mining methods and 80 percent for surface 

mining methods. More precise recovery factors can be 

computed by determining the total coal in place and the 

total coal recoverable in any specific locale. 

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that can 

be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines. 

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated 

by the coal cleaning process. 

Refuse Recovery: A surface mine where coal is 

recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be 

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, or dredge operation. 

Remaining (Resources/Reserves): The amount of coal 

in the ground after some mining, excluding coal in the 

ground spoiled or left in place for which later recovery is 

not feasible. 

Reserve(s): Root meaning: The amount of in-situ coal in 

a defined area that can be recovered by mining at a 

sustainable profit at the time of determination. Broad 

meaning: That portion of the demonstrated reserve base 

that is estimated to be recoverable at the time of 

determination. The reserve is derived by applying a 

recovery factor to that component of the identified 

resources of coal designated as the demonstrated reserve 

base. 

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units; 

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale 

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and 

educational institutions (schools and universities); and 

Federal, State, and local governments (military 

installations, prisons, office buildings). 

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated share 

of production from mineral deposits, by the lessee to the 

lessor. Royalties may be an established minimum, a 

sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale royalty rate 

increases by steps as the average production on the lease 

increases. A sliding-scale royalty rate is based on 

average production and applies to all production from the 

lease. 

Run-of-mine: The raw coal recovered from a mine, prior 

to any treatment. 

Salable Coal: The shippable product of a coal mine or 

preparation plant. Depending on customer specifications, 

salable coal may be run-of-mine, crushed-and-screened 

(sized) coal, or the clean coal yield from a preparation 

plant. 

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal and/or 

Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is approximately 

equivalent to production, which includes coal sold, and 

coal added to stockpiles. 

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by a tractor 

unit equipped with a hydraulically operated bucket 

attached to the front; also called a front-end loader. 
68 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2002 

Seam: A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor. 

Equivalent term to bed, commonly used by industry. 

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the 

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the 

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of 

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to 

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation. 

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. 

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining that 

involves the use of a continuous mining machine and 

movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 

feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although 

similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally 

more flexible because of the smaller working area. 

Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because 

the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle cars as 

opposed to conveyors. 

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Synonymous with culm. 

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A 

mining operation producing coal from these sources of 

coal. (See refuse recovery.) 

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the entry is 

driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit. 

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a 

preparation plant. 

Southern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or 

utility at the end of the reporting period. 

Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range 

from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and 

used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power 

generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and 

crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet 

black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. 

Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent 

moisture by weight. The heat content of 

subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per 

ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat 

content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United 

States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the asreceived basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture 

and mineral matter). 

Surface Mine: A coal mine that is usually within a few 

hundred feet of the surface. Earth and rock above or 

around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the 

coalbed, which is then mined with surface excavation 

equipment such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, 

loaders, and augers. Surface mines include: area, 

contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine. 

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for 

transportation by rail or truck. 

Uinta Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced by 

tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then 

mined with underground mining equipment such as 

cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and 

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are 

classified according to the type of opening used to reach 

the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined tunnel), 

or shaft (vertical tunnel). 

Underground Mining: The extraction of coal or its 

products from between enclosing rock strata by 

underground mining methods, such as room and pillar, 

longwall, and shortwall, or through in-situ gasification. 

Western Region: See Coal-Producing Regions.