DOE/EIA-0584 (2004) 

 

Annual Coal Report 

2004 

November 2005 

Energy Information Administration 

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Washington, DC 20585 

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

This report is available on the Web at: 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/acr/acr.pdf

_____________________________________________ 

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical 

agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be not be construed as 

advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization. 
ii Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Contacts 

This publication was prepared by Fred Freme under the 

direction of Scott Sitzer, Director, Office of Coal, 

Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels, and William 

Watson, Coal Team Leader, within the Energy 

Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. 

Specific information about the data in this report can be 

obtained from Fred Freme at (202) 287-1740, or e-mail 

at Frederick.Freme@eia.doe.gov. Other questions on 

coal statistics should be directed to the National Energy 

Information Center at (202) 586-8800 or e-mail at 

infoctr@eia.doe.gov.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 iii

Preface 

The Annual Coal Report (ACR) provides information 

about U.S. coal production, number of mines, prices, 

productivity, employment, productive capacity, and 

recoverable reserves to a wide audience, including 

Congress, Federal and State agencies, the coal industry, 

and the general public. This report is published by the 

Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill data 

collection and dissemination responsibilities as specified 

in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 

(Public Law 93-275), as amended. 

This report presents annual data on coal production, 

prices, recoverable reserves, employment, productivity, 

productive capacity, consumption, and stocks. U.S. coal 

production, employment, and productivity are based on 

the U.S. Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health 

Administration’s Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine 

Employment and Coal Production Report.” Prices, 

recoverable reserves, and productive capacity are based 

on EIA’s annual survey form, EIA-7A, “Coal Production 

Report.” 

This report is the 29th annual report on coal production 

published by EIA and continues the series formerly 

included in the Minerals Yearbook published by the 

Bureau of Mines. 

The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels 

acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents in 

supplying the information published in the Annual Coal 

Report and appreciates the valuable assistance of State 

coal mining agencies and the U.S. Department of Labor: 

Mine Safety and Health Administration. 
iv Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Contents 

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Coal Production........................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Productive Capacity ............................................................................................................................................................... 25

Recoverable Reserves............................................................................................................................................................. 29

Employment ........................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Productivity ............................................................................................................................................................................ 41

Domestic Markets .................................................................................................................................................................. 49

Average Mine Sales Price ...................................................................................................................................................... 53

Average Consumer Prices ...................................................................................................................................................... 63

Glossary.................................................................................................................................................................................. 65
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 v

Tables 

1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2004-2003 ............................................................... 10

2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2004.......................................................... 12

3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2004............................................................................... 16

4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2004 ...................................................................................... 17

5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2004..................................................... 18

6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2004 ......................................................................... 19

7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2004..................................................................................... 20

8. Coal Disposition by State, 2004..................................................................................................................................... 21

9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2004 ........................................................................................................................................ 22

10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2004 .................................................................................................................................. 23

11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2004, 2003.............................................................................................. 26

12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2004, 2003.............................................................................................. 27

13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 2004......... 28

14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2004, 2003 .................. 30

15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve 

Base by Mining Method, 2004....................................................................................................................................... 31

16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and 

Mining Method, 2004 .................................................................................................................................................... 32

17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production 

Range and Mine Type, 2004 .......................................................................................................................................... 33

18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2004, 2003 .......................................................................... 36

19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 2004....... 37

20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2004 ........................ 39

21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2004, 2003.................................................................................... 42

22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2004................................................................ 44

23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2004..................................................... 45

24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2004...................................................................... 47

25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2004.................................................................................... 50

26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2004, 2003 .............................................. 51

27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division, 2004, 2003............................................................................... 52

28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2004, 2003.......................................................... 54

29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2004...................................... 55

30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2004 .......................................... 56

31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2004 .................................................................... 60

32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2004...................................... 61

33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2004................................................................................. 62

34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2004, 2003 .................................. 64
vi Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 1

Executive Summary 

Coal production in the United States increased in 2004 by 

40.3 million short tons to end the year at 1,112.1 million 

short tons (3.8 percent higher than the 2003 level of 1,071.8 

million short tons), according to data from the Energy 

Information Administration (Table ES1). (Note: All 

percentage change calculations are done at the short-tons 

level.) Although total U.S. coal consumption rose in 2004, 

not all coal-consuming sectors had increased consumption 

for the year. Coal consumption increased in the electric 

power sector by 1.1 percent and declined slightly in the 

other industrial sector, while coking coal consumption 

dropped by 2.4 percent. U.S. coal exports rose for the 

second consecutive year in 2004, while coal imports again 

increased to record levels. Total coal stocks declined 

during the year, as electric generators used their stockpiles 

to help meet increased demands and missed shipments. 

The rebounding economy in 2004 helped to drive up the 

demand for coal during the year. Although data show that 

total generation in the electric power sector (electric 

utilities and independent power producers) in the United 

States increased by 1.9 percent in 2004, coal’s share of 

generation decreased by 1.8 percent, resulting in only a 

11.2 million short ton increase in coal consumed in the 

electric power sector. Coal use in the non-electric power 

sector declined slightly by 0.7 percent to a level of 89.1 

million short tons. 

The average delivered price of coal increased in all 

domestic markets in 2004. The U.S. electric utility priceper-short-ton increase was 5.7 percent, while the increase 

was 3.9 percent for independent power producers. Coking 

coal prices had the largest increase for any domestic sector, 

increasing by 21.5 percent, while the price for the other 

industrial sector increased by 13.2 percent in 2004. 

Average open market mine prices increased by 11.6 

percent. 

Production 

U.S. coal production increased in 2004 by 3.8 percent to a 

total of 1,112.1 million short tons (Figure ES1 and Table 

ES1), a production level still below the 2001 record level of 

1,127.7 million short tons. Both the Appalachian and 

Western Regions had increased coal production in 2004 

while the Interior region remained essentially unchanged. 

Exclusive of refuse production, the increase in coal 

production in the Appalachian Region accounted for about 

one third of the total increase in U.S. coal production 

(Figure ES1 and Table ES2), while the Western Region 

was responsible for the rest of the increase. 

Recurring problems in the coal industry had varying 

impacts on coal production in 2004. At issue in 2004 were 

transportation of coal from mines to consumers; weather; 

environmental concerns; legal challenges; and global 

economics. Transportation of coal from the mine to the 

consumer continues to be an issue for the industry. The 

majority of coal in the U.S. is moved by railroads 

exclusively or in tandem with another method of 

transportation. In 2004, major railroads experienced record 

levels of commodities moving around the Nation and as a 

result, bottlenecks were experienced across the country 

causing delays in coal deliveries to several utilities 

throughout the year. Flooding on the major waterways, 

along with river lock repairs and sunken barges also 

contributed to the transportation problems. Four hurricanes 

hit the United States in 2004 causing numerous problems 

for the coal industry including flooding, disruptions in 

deliveries, off-line power plants, and the ability of 

employees to get to the mines in southeastern coalproducing States. Several of the legal challenges 

concerning mining permits and the levels of environmental 

review needed to obtain them still have not been settled. 

The wide-ranging economic expansion experienced in 

China in 2004 drove world markets for many commodities 

into overdrive and helped to reestablish the United States 

into Asian coal markets. 

Appalachian Region 

Coal production in the Appalachian Region increased in 

2004 by 13.8 million short tons, to end the year at 389.9 

million short tons, an increase of 3.7 percent, but still 

below the 2002 level of 396.2 million short tons. Although 

there was an increase in total coal production in the region 

in 2004, the Appalachian Region has not experienced 3 

consecutive years of coal production of less than 400 

million short tons since the early 1970s. The increase in 

2004 in coal production in the region was in part, fueled by 

the rise in U.S. coal exports (which are primarily produced 

in the East), and the large increases in spot coal prices in 

the region that occurred during the year. 

Although the Appalachian Region produced more coal in 

2004, the production level was still constrained by several 

factors. Transportation problems affected the amount of 

coal moved to markets. Railroads experienced numerous 

delays and barge shipments were curtailed due to river 

flooding, lock maintenance, and blocked river locks due to 

sunken barges. The combination of reserve degradation in 

the region along with the legacy of past lawsuits that had 

temporarily halted the issuance of needed permits to open 
2 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table ES1. U.S. Coal Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 2003-2004 

 (Million Short Tons and Dollars per Short Ton) 

Item 2003 2004 

Production by Region 

 Appalachian 376.1 R 389.9 

 Interior 146.0 146.0 

 Western 548.7 575.2 

 Refuse Recovery 1.0 R

 1.0 

Total 1,071.8 1,112.1 

Consumption by Sector 

 Electric Power 1,005.1 1,016.3 

 Coke Plants 24.2 23.7 

 Other Industrial Plants 61.3 61.2 

 Residential/Commercial 4.2 4.2 

Total 1,094.9 1,105.4 

 

Year-End Coal Stocks 

 Electric Power 121.6 106.7 

 Coke Plants 0.9 1.3 

 Other Industrial Plants 4.7 4.8 

 Producers/Distributors 38.3 41.2 

Total 165.5 154.1 

 

Average Delivered Price 

 Electric Utilities $25.72 $27.30 

 Independent Power Producers $26.21 $27.24 

 Coke Plants $50.63 $61.50 

 Other Industrial Plants $34.70 $39.30 

 

Average Open Market Mine Price $17.85 $19.93 

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sum of stock changes and consumption 

may not equal production, primarily because the supply and disposition data are obtained from different surveys. 

 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2004, tables 1; 26; 27; 28; and 34; DOE/EIA-0584 

(2004) (Washington, DC, September 2005); Electric Power Monthly, August 2005, table 4.3; DOE/EIA-0226 (2005/08). 

new mines or to expand current operations, continued to 

constrain the amount of coal produced. Geological and 

equipment problems added to the limitations in coal 

production in some Appalachian States. Declining 

productivity and increasing operating costs also 

contributed to the constrained production levels in the 

region. However, all but two States in the region had 

higher production levels in 2004 and the declines that 

were experienced in those two States were slight. 

West Virginia, the largest coal-producing State in the 

Appalachian Region and the second largest in the United 

States, increased 5.9 percent to end the year with 148.0 

million short tons of production, just slightly below the 

production level in 2002. Most of the increase in coal 

production in West Virginia is attributed to seven mines. 

One new mine, the Superior mine, began producing coal 

in the second quarter of the year. Two other mines, the 

Coalburg No. 1 and the Guyan, which opened in mid2003, had a full year’s production in 2004. Two other 

mines came back on-line in 2004 after being temporarily 

idle in 2003. The Loveridge underground mine 

experienced a fire in 2003, and the Fourmile Fork 

surface mine was placed into non-producing status for 

most of 2003. The McElroy mine expanded production 

after installing a second longwall unit in 2004 and the 

Twilight MTR mine expanded production as it increased 

its workforce. 

Eastern Kentucky produced 90.9 million short tons of 

coal in 2004, down by only 0.4 million short tons or 0.5 

percent. The drop in Eastern Kentucky, even with 

increased production from some mines, is in part due to 

the closing of a few mines due to reserve depletion. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 3

Figure ES1. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region, 2004 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2003) 

Regional totals do not include refuse recovery 

U.S. Total: 1,112.1 Million Short Tons (3.8%) 

Interior

146.0

(0.0%)

Western

575.2

(4.8%)

Appalachian

389.9

(3.7%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report, 2004, DOE/EIA-0584(2004) (Washington, DC, 

September 2005).

Also, the Big Elk mine was placed into non-producing 

status in late 2004 and as a result produced 1.0 million 

short tons less than in 2003, while the Number 10 mine 

operated by Ember Contracting was only active during 

the middle of the year and as a result produced 1.8 

million short tons less than in 2003. Pennsylvania 

produced 66.0 million short tons, an increase of 3.6 

percent from 2003, as expansions in production at the 

High Quality, Bailey, and Enlow Fork mines accounted 

for almost 95 percent of the increase in production for 

the State. Coal production increased in Alabama in 2004 

by 10.9 percent to reach 22.3 million short tons, a level 

not seen since the mid 1990s. Eight new mines opened 

in Alabama in 2004 and their combined production 

accounted for 30.3 percent of the State’s increase. Also, 

Walter Resources expanded production at the Number 7 

mine by 0.5 million short tons to help meet the 

increasing demand in the metallurgical coal market. 

Ohio increased coal production in 2004 to a total of 23.2 

million short tons, an increase of 5.5 percent, as the 

Century mine expanded production by 1.1 million short 

tons. Tennessee had increased coal production in 2004 

of 0.3 million short tons, while Maryland increased 

slightly to 5.2 million short tons. Virginia had a decline 

in coal production in 2004 of 0.2 million short tons. 

Interior Region 

Total coal production in the Interior Region in 2004 was 

unchanged from the prior year, even though all of the 

States in the region had changes in total production 

levels from 2003. Coal production in western Kentucky 

rose by 1.9 million short tons in 2004 to end the year at a 

total of 23.4 million short tons. Five new mines in 

western Kentucky contributed to the increase in 

production, but the expansion at the Highland Number 9 

mine and the Cardinal mine is the key factor in the 

increase for the year. Texas, which usually accounts for 

about one-third of the Interior Region’s coal production, 

had a 3.5 percent decline in total production to end the 

year at 45.9 million short tons, a drop of 1.7 million short 

tons. This decline in total coal production in Texas is 

primarily due to decreases in production at two mines in 

the State, the Beckville and Jewett mines. The decline in 

production at the Jewett mine was the result of nearrecord rainfall in June that halted production and caused 

a weather related force majeure. Production at the 

Beckville mine declined in 2004 as the Martin Lake 

power plant that it supplies, relied more heavily on 

lignite from the power plant’s other mine, the Oak Hill. 
4 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table ES2. U.S. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region and State, 2003-2004 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing Region 

and State 2003 2004 

Appalachian Total 376.1 R 389.9 

 Alabama 20.1 22.3 

 Kentucky, Eastern 91.3 R

 90.9 

 Maryland 5.1 5.2 

 Ohio 22.0 23.2 

 Pennsylvania Total 63.7 R

 66.0 

 Anthracite 1.2 R

 1.7 

 Bituminous 62.5 64.3 

 Tennessee 2.6 2.9 

 Virginia 31.6 31.4 

 West Virginia 139.7 148.0 

 Northern 34.9 40.6 

 Southern 104.8 107.3 

 

Interior Total 

 146.0 146.0 

 Arkansas * * 

 Illinois 31.6 31.9 

 Indiana 35.4 35.1 

 Kansas 0.2 0.1 

 Kentucky, Western 21.5 23.4 

 Louisiana 4.0 3.8 

 Mississippi 3.7 3.6 

 Missouri 0.5 0.6 

 Oklahoma 1.6 1.8 

 Texas 47.5 45.9 

 

Western Total 

 548.7 575.2 

 Alaska 1.1 1.5 

 Arizona 12.1 12.7 

 Colorado 35.8 39.9 

 Montana 37.0 40.0 

 New Mexico 26.4 27.3 

 North Dakota 30.8 29.9 

 Utah 23.1 21.7 

 Washington 6.2 5.7 

 Wyoming 376.3 396.5 

Refuse Recovery 1.0 R 1.0 

U.S. Total 

 1,071.8 1,112.1 

________________________________________________________________________ 

* = Less than 50 thousand short tons. 

Note: Totals may not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding. 

Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine Employment 

and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 5

Indiana, the second largest coal producing State in the 

Interior Region remained almost level in 2004, 

decreasing by only 0.7 percent to 35.1 million short tons. 

Coal production in Illinois increased slightly by 0.7 

percent to end the year at 31.9 million short tons. The 

other States in the Interior Region (Arkansas, Kansas, 

Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Oklahoma), which 

accounted for a total of 6.7 percent of the entire Region’s 

production in 2004, all fluctuated some from their 2003 

coal production levels. 

Western Region 

Coal production in the Western Region increased in 2004 

by 4.8 percent to a total of 575.2 million short tons, 

which represents 51.7 percent of total U.S. coal 

production. The increase of 26.5 million short tons 

resulted in another record level for the region, surpassing 

the previous one set in 2002 by 24.8 million short tons. 

Of the nine States in the Western Region, only three had 

lower coal production levels in 2004 than in 2003: North 

Dakota, Utah, and Washington. 

Wyoming continued its dominance as the largest coalproducing State in the Nation, a position it has held for 

18 consecutive years. In 2004, Wyoming produced a 

record 396.5 million short tons of coal, an increase of 5.4 

percent for the year. This production level was only 17.6 

million short tons less than the combined total of the next 

five largest coal-producing States (West Virginia, 

Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Montana). The 

sheer dominance of Wyoming’s coal industry in the 

United States is further illustrated by the fact that 

Wyoming: accounted for about 68.9 percent of the 

Western Region total; was close to three times the entire 

Interior Region’s total; was 6.6 million short tons more 

than the entire Appalachian Region; and was 35.7 

percent of the total U.S. coal production for the year. 

Two new mines opened in 2004 in Wyoming, the 

Bridger underground mine, and the Bridger highwall 

mine. Although five of the twenty mines in Wyoming 

had declines in production, expansions of 3 million short 

tons or more at four other mines in the State accounted 

for most of the 20.2-million-short-ton increase that 

occurred in 2004. The Jacobs Ranch mine, the Rawhide 

mine, and the Caballo mine had coal production 

increases of 3.1, 3.2, and 3.7 million short tons 

respectively. However, the largest tonnage increase in 

production for any mine in Wyoming in 2004 was the 

9.6-million-short-ton increase at the Black Thunder 

mine, which became the world’s first coal mine to ship 1 

billion short tons during its lifetime. 

Colorado and Montana both had increases in their coal 

production in 2004 and are vying for the spot of secondlargest coal-producing State in the Western Region. 

Montana had a total of 40.0 million short tons of 

production in 2004 while Colorado had a total of 39.9 

million short tons. Although the Big Sky mine in 

Montana was placed into non-producing status in 2004, 

increases in coal production at the Spring Creek mine of 

3.2 million short tons, and at the Rosebud Number 6 

mine of 1.6 million short tons more than covered the 

loss, resulting in an overall increase of 3.0 million short 

tons or 8.1 percent for the year. Colorado had an 

increase of 4.0 million short tons or 11.3 percent in 2004, 

even though the Sanborn Creek mine closed in 2003. 

Increases in coal production at the Elk Creek mine of 2.0 

million short tons in its third year of operation in 

particular, along with increases at most of the other 

mines in the State, and the start of the Colowyo highwall 

mine in 2004 enabled Colorado to reach a record level of 

coal production. 

Coal production in Alaska, Arizona, and New Mexico 

also increased in 2004, with increases of 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 

million short tons respectively. Declines in coal 

production were experienced in North Dakota, Utah, and 

Washington in 2004. North Dakota had a decline of 0.8 

million short tons in 2004, ending the year with a total of 

29.9 million short tons, as three of the four mines in the 

State had somewhat lower production during the year. 

Coal production in Utah in 2004 was 21.7 million short 

tons, a decrease of 1.3 million short tons, or 5.7 percent. 

Although a new mine, the Bear Canyon Number 4, began 

production in the third quarter of the year, the geological 

problems at the Skyline mine resulted in it being placed 

into non-producing status in the third quarter of 2004. 

Washington, which has one mine, the Centralia mine, 

had a decrease of 0.6 million short tons in 2004 to end 

the year at a total of 5.7 million short tons. 

Consumption 

The continuing economic recovery in 2004 pushed total 

U.S. coal consumption to another record level. Data 

show that total coal consumption increased 10.5 million 

short tons to reach a level of 1,105.4 million short tons, 

an increase of 1.0 percent. The electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers) 

accounted for almost 92 percent of all coal consumed in 

the United States in 2004. The other coal-consuming 

sectors (other industrial, coking coal, and residential and 

commercial sectors) had minor changes in their 

consumption totals. The other industrial sector had 

almost the same level of coal consumption in 2004 as in 

2003, while the coking coal sector had a decrease of 2.4 

percent. The residential and commercial sector, the 

smallest of all coal consuming sectors, (accounting for 

less than one half of one percent of total consumption), 

remained at the same level in 2004. 
6 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Coal consumption in the electric power sector increased 

by 11.2 million short tons to end 2004 at a record level of 

1,016.3 million short tons (Figure ES2). Although coal 

consumption by the electric power sector increased by 

1.1 percent in 2004, coal-based generation declined 

slightly, as increasing volumes of lower-Btu coal 

(subbituminous and lignite) were consumed. Nationally, 

total generation in the electric power sector from all fuels 

increased in 2004 by only 2.3 percent, with gains in 

electricity generation by natural gas and nuclear power, 

helping to make up the loss in generation experienced by 

the hydroelectric facilities in the United States (Figure 

ES3). The decline in electric generation by hydropower 

plants was a result of lower-than-normal rainfall in areas 

with these facilities in 2004. The increase in electric 

generation by natural gas plants of 10.6 percent in 2004 

was due in large part to the numerous new generating 

facilities in the last several years that were mostly natural 

gas-fired. In 2004, 92 percent of the new capacity to 

come on-line during the year was natural gas-fired. The 

increase in nuclear generation of 3.3 percent in 2004 was 

in part due to fewer nuclear plants being down during the 

year for different reasons (scheduled maintenance, 

refueling, or operational problems) than had occurred in 

2003. However, the generation from nuclear plants in 

2004 was only 1.1 percent higher than the 2002 level. 

One factor that helped to slow the increase in electric 

generation by the electric power sector was the weather. 

Compared to 2003, both heating and cooling degree days 

were lower for the country as a whole, by 3.8 percent and 

4.4 percent respectively, indicating that the slight growth 

of 2.3 percent in total generation was primarily driven by 

economic factors. Also, the winter weather was warmer 

in 2004 than normal (30-year average) for the Nation. 

Overall, the United States experienced a 3-percent 

decline from normal in heating degree days for the first 

half of the year and a 6-percent decline for the second 

half of the year. 

Even though there was a small increase in the electric 

power sector in total coal-fired generation for the United 

States, all of the Census Divisions had a decline in coal’s 

share of the mixture of fuels for the electric power sector 

in 2004. The drop in the coal share ranged from 1.1 

percent in the West North Central to 9.5 percent in the 

Pacific Division. Of the nine divisions, coal is a minor 

component (less than 20 percent) in the fuel mix in two 

divisions, New England and Pacific, and a major 

component (more than 50 percent of generation) in five 

divisions, East North Central, West North Central, South 

Atlantic, East South Central, and Mountain. In the other 

two divisions, Middle Atlantic and West South Central, 

coal is one of two predominant fuel sources for the 

electric power sector. 

 Figure ES2. Electric Power Sector Consumption of Coal by Census Division, 2004 

(Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2003) 

U.S. Total = 1,016.3 (1.1 %)

Pacific

Contiguous

9.9 (-8.0%)

Pacific

Noncontiguous

1.2 (6.2%)

Mountain

118.8 (1.9%)

West

North Central

147.4 (-1.0%)

West South Central

153.4 (1.1%)

East

South Central

109.2 (2.2%)

South Atlantic

173.7 (1.0%)

Middle Atlantic

65.8 (1.7%)

New England

8.3 (1.8%)

East

North Central

228.6 (1.9%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.” 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 7

While seven of the nine Census Divisions had increases 

in coal consumption in the electric power sector in 2004, 

only five of those seven divisions had an increase in coal 

generation (Table ES3). Almost four-fifths of the 

increase in coal consumption in the electric power sector 

was attributable to three of the nine Census Divisions, 

the East North Central, the East South Central, and the 

Mountain. Coal accounts for over 70 percent of all 

electric generation in the East North Central Division 

making it the largest coal-consuming region for the 

electric power sector with about 22 percent of all coal 

consumed for electric generation in the United States. 

Coal consumption for the electric power sector in this 

division increased in 2004 by 4.3 million short tons, or 

1.9 percent, and that increase represents almost 39 

percent of the total increase in coal consumption in the 

electric power sector for the year. Total generation in the 

electric power sector in the East North Central Division 

increased in 2004 by 2.4 percent, while coal-based 

generation increased by 0.9 percent. 

In the other two Census Divisions where coal 

consumption increased by over 2 million short tons, the 

East South Central and Mountain, coal accounts for 

about two-thirds of the fuel mix for electric power sector 

generation. The East South Central Division had an 

increase of 3.3 percent in total electric power sector 

generation in 2004 and an increase of 1.7 percent in coalbased generation. Coal consumption in the East South 

Central Division in the electric power sector increased by 

2.4 million short tons in 2004. The Mountain Division 

had an increase of 5.5 percent in total electric power 

sector generation and an increase of 2.1 percent in coalbased generation. The Mountain Division had an 

increase in coal consumption of 2.3 million short tons, or 

1.9 percent. 

The West South Central Census Division had an increase 

in 2004 of 3.0 percent in total electric power sector 

generation and a 0.8-percent increase in coal generation. 

However, generation from nuclear power increased by 

13.6 percent primarily due to the increase in electricity 

generation at the South Texas Number 1 plant that had 

Table ES3. Electric Power Sector Net Generation,

 2003-2004 (Million Kilowatthours) 

Census 

Division 2003 2004 

Percent 

Change 

New England 

 Coal 19,201 19,024 -0.9

 Total 122,954 126,832 3.2

 

Middle Atlantic 

 Coal 147,356 148,401 0.7

 Total 393,640 401,317 2.0

 

East North 

Central 

 Coal 445,150 449,078 0.9

 Total 618,898 633,442 2.4

 

West North 

Central 

 Coal 231,608 228,016 -1.6

 Total 296,528 295,280 -0.4

 

South Atlantic 

 Coal 417,727 412,433 -1.3

 Total 765,233 775,681 1.4

 

East South 

Central 

 Coal 230,953 234,796 1.7

 Total 350,884 362,445 3.3

 

West South 

Central 

 Coal 226,684 228,415 0.8

 Total 513,398 528,683 3.0

 

Mountain 

 Coal 214,881 219,311 2.1

 Total 323,453 341,220 5.5

 

Pacific 

 Coal 19,154 17,719 -7.5

 Total 336,172 343,461 2.2

 

U.S. Total 

 Coal 1,952,714 1,957,194 0.2

 Total 3,721,159 3,808,360 2.3

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, 

"Power Plant Report." 

Figure ES3. Share of Electric Power Sector Net 

Generation by Energy Source, 

2003 vs. 2004 

6.7

16.5

4.7

52.5

4.7

15.3

7.1

20.5

51.4

20.7

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Nuclear Hydro Natural Gas Petroleum and

Other

Coal

Percent

2003 2004

Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, 

"Power Plant Report."
8 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

been offline for 4 months in 2003. In the West South 

Central Division in 2004 coal consumption for electric 

power sector generation increased by 1.7 million short 

tons or 1.1 percent. In 2004, the South Atlantic Division 

had an increase in total electric power sector generation 

of 1.4 percent and a decrease in coal generation of 1.3 

percent. An increase in generation by natural gas plants 

of 18.9 percent for the year, helped to hold down the coal 

generation. Coal accounts for about 53 percent of 

electric power sector generation in the South Atlantic 

Division and it had an increase in coal consumption, 1.0 

percent or 1.7 million short tons. 

In the Middle Atlantic Division, where both the coal and 

the nuclear share of electric power sector generation is 

about 37 percent each, total electric power sector 

generation increased by 2.0 percent in 2004. Coal 

consumed in the electric power sector in the Middle 

Atlantic increased by 1.1 million short tons, or 1.7 

percent in 2004. 

In 2004, total generation in the electric power sector in 

the West North Central Division decreased slightly, by 

0.4 percent, while coal-based generation decreased by 

1.6 percent. In the West North Central Division, coal 

accounts for about 78 percent of generation, and there 

was a decrease in coal consumption of 1.5 million short 

tons, or 1.0 percent. The other two Census Divisions, 

New England and Pacific, had minor changes in coal 

consumption in 2004. 

Coal consumption in the non-electric power sector 

decreased in 2004, mainly due to the decline in the 

coking coal sector. Coal consumption at coke plants 

declined in 2004 by 2.4 percent, erasing the increase it 

experienced the prior year. The decline of 0.6 million 

short tons in coal consumption at coke plants was in part 

caused by the tight world market for metallurgical coal. 

Increasing international demand for metallurgical coal 

pushed exports higher as increasing prices motivated 

producers to switch some of the coal to overseas 

markets. To help meet domestic demand for coke, 

imports of coke into the United States jumped in 2004 by 

149.2 percent to a total of 6.9 million short tons. 

The economic expansion did not extend very deeply into 

the manufacturing sector in 2004, and as a result, coal 

consumption in the other industrial sector declined only a 

few thousand short tons to end the year at 61.2 million 

short tons. While the total coal consumption in the other 

industrial sector did not change much from the prior 

year, the amount of coal consumed by the other 

industrial sector’s combined heat and power plants 

increased by 12.7 percent as the plants produced 7.2 

percent more coal-based electricity in part for the 

wholesale electricity market sales. The manufacturing 

sectors that experienced slight increases in coal 

consumption in 2004 include food, primary metal, and 

chemical manufacturing, while the paper, beverage, and 

fabricated metals sectors had declines in coal 

consumption for the year. Coal consumption in the 

residential and commercial sector remained steady in 

2004. 

Coal Prices

Coal prices rose across the board in 2004. The average 

open market f.o.b. (free on board) mine price increased 

in 2004 to $19.93 per ton, an increase of 11.6 percent 

over 2003, a price level not seen since 1993. While spot 

coal prices for some of the producing regions set record 

levels in 2004, average delivered prices in the consuming 

sectors increased for the year but not as steeply as the 

spot prices. Due to the fact that coal deliveries to the 

electric power sector are mostly done through long-term 

contracts, the delivered price of coal to the electric power 

sector increased in 2004, but not by huge amounts. Coal 

prices at electric utilities (a subset of the electric power 

sector) increased for a fourth consecutive year, to $27.30 

per short ton (1.34 dollars per million Btu), an increase 

of 5.7 percent. Coal prices at independent power 

producers increased in 2004 to $27.24 per short ton (1.41 

dollars per million Btu), an increase of 3.9 percent from 

2003. The increase in the delivered price of coal to the 

other sectors in 2004 was more evident as both the 

coking coal sector and the other industrial sector rely 

more heavily on short-term contracts and the spot 

market. The average delivered price of coal to the other 

industrial sector increased by 13.2 percent to an average 

price of $39.30 per short ton in 2004. 

The largest increase in consumer prices was in the 

coking coal sector. The tight specifications needed for 

coal to produce coke limit the availability of the coal. As 

the world market for metallurgical coal tightened during 

the course of the year, the delivered price of coal to U.S. 

coke plants increased by 21.5 percent to reach $61.50 per 

short ton in 2004. 

Coal Stocks 

Total coal stocks at the end of 2004 were 154.1 million 

short tons, a decrease of 11.4 million short tons from the 

prior year. Coal stocks held by producers and 

distributors increased by 2.9 million short tons. 

Industrial users, including coke plants, held a total of 6.2 

million short tons at the end of 2004, 0.6 million short 

tons more than the level at the start of the year. Coal 

stocks in the electric power sector dropped for the second 

consecutive year in 2004, declining by 14.9 million short 

tons (12.2 percent), to end the year at 106.7 million short 

tons, as power facilities used their stockpiles to meet 

increasing demand for electricity. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 9

Coal Production 
10 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2004-2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2004 2003 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama .................................................... 49 22,271 43 20,118 14.0 10.7

 Underground............................................ 8 16,114 9 15,375 -11.1 4.8

 Surface..................................................... 41 6,156 34 4,742 20.6 29.8

Alaska ........................................................ 1 1,512 1 1,081 - 39.8

 Surface..................................................... 1 1,512 1 1,081 - 39.8

Arizona ...................................................... 2 12,731 2 12,059 - 5.6

 Surface..................................................... 2 12,731 2 12,059 - 5.6

Arkansas.................................................... 2 7 2 8 - -3.1

 Underground............................................ 1 1 1 1 - -5.6

 Surface..................................................... 1 6 1 7 - -2.7

Colorado.................................................... 13 39,870 12 35,831 8.3 11.3

 Underground............................................ 8 29,608 8 27,177 - 8.9

 Surface..................................................... 5 10,262 4 8,654 25.0 18.6

Illinois ........................................................ 19 31,853 22 31,640 -13.6 0.7

 Underground............................................ 12 26,907 14 25,985 -14.3 3.6

 Surface..................................................... 7 4,946 8 5,655 -12.5 -12.5

Indiana....................................................... 29 35,110 31 35,355 -6.5 -0.7

 Underground............................................ 7 10,092 8 8,635 -12.5 16.9

 Surface..................................................... 22 25,018 23 26,720 -4.3 -6.4

Kansas........................................................ 1 71 1 154 - -54.0

 Surface..................................................... 1 71 1 154 - -54.0

Kentucky Total ......................................... 419 114,244 400R 112,806R 4.8 1.3

 Underground............................................ 223 71,765 213 69,238 4.7 3.7

 Surface..................................................... 196 42,478 187R 43,568R

 4.8 -2.5

 Eastern...................................................... 397 90,871 375R 91,309R 5.9 -0.5

 Underground............................................ 212 52,445 201 52,078 5.5 0.7

 Surface..................................................... 185 38,426 174R 39,231R 6.3 -2.1

 Western..................................................... 22 23,373 25 21,496 -12.0 8.7

 Underground............................................ 11 19,321 12 17,160 -8.3 12.6

 Surface..................................................... 11 4,052 13 4,337 -15.4 -6.6

Louisiana ................................................... 2 3,805 2 4,028 - -5.5

 Surface..................................................... 2 3,805 2 4,028 - -5.5

Maryland................................................... 19 5,225 16 5,056 18.8 3.3

 Underground............................................ 3 3,339 2 3,300 50.0 1.2

 Surface..................................................... 16 1,886 14 1,756 14.3 7.4

Mississippi ................................................. 1 3,586 1 3,695 - -3.0

 Surface..................................................... 1 3,586 1 3,695 - -3.0

Missouri..................................................... 3 578 2 533 50.0 8.4

 Surface..................................................... 3 578 2 533 50.0 8.4

Montana .................................................... 6 39,989 7 36,994 -14.3 8.1

 Underground............................................ 1 158 1 32 - 393.6

 Surface..................................................... 5 39,831 6 36,962 -16.7 7.8

New Mexico............................................... 4 27,250 5 26,389 -20.0 3.3

 Underground............................................ 1 7,685 1 5,890 - 30.5

 Surface..................................................... 3 19,565 4 20,499 -25.0 -4.6

North Dakota ............................................ 4 29,943 4 30,775 - -2.7

 Surface..................................................... 4 29,943 4 30,775 - -2.7

Ohio............................................................ 52 23,222 54 22,009 -3.7 5.5

 Underground............................................ 8 14,270 7 12,828 14.3 11.2

 Surface..................................................... 44 8,952 47 9,182 -6.4 -2.5

Oklahoma.................................................. 8 1,792 7 1,565 14.3 14.5

 Underground............................................ 1 409 1 393 - 4.2

 Surface..................................................... 7 1,383 6 1,172 16.7 18.0

Pennsylvania Total ................................... 260 65,996 241R 63,708R 7.9 3.6

 Underground............................................ 58 53,224 58 52,212 - 1.9

 Surface..................................................... 202 12,772 183R 11,495R

 10.4 11.1

 Anthracite................................................. 66 1,679 63R 1,243R 4.8 35.0

 Underground............................................ 20 271 22 282 -9.1 -4.1

 Surface..................................................... 46 1,408 41R 961R 12.2 46.5

 Bituminous ............................................... 194 64,317 178 62,465 9.0 3.0

 Underground............................................ 38 52,953 36 51,930 5.6 2.0

 Surface..................................................... 156 11,364 142 10,535 9.9 7.9

Tennessee................................................... 32 2,887 23 2,564 39.1 12.6

 Underground............................................ 12 826 10 657 20.0 25.8

 Surface..................................................... 20 2,061 13 1,907 53.8 8.0

Texas.......................................................... 13 45,863 13 47,517 - -3.5

 Surface..................................................... 13 45,863 13 47,517 - -3.5

Utah............................................................ 13 21,746 14 23,069 -7.1 -5.7

 Underground............................................ 13 21,746 13 23,044 - -5.6

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 11

Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2004-2003 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2004 2003 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region 1

Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface..................................................... - - 1 25 -100.0 -100.0

Virginia...................................................... 123 31,420 123 31,596 - -0.6

 Underground............................................ 77 20,437 79 21,225 -2.5 -3.7

 Surface..................................................... 46 10,983 44 10,371 4.5 5.9

Washington ............................................... 1 5,653 1 6,232 - -9.3

 Surface..................................................... 1 5,653 1 6,232 - -9.3

West Virginia Total.................................. 261 147,993 249 139,711 4.8 5.9

 Underground............................................ 152 90,932 155 86,793 -1.9 4.8

 Surface..................................................... 109 57,061 94 52,919 16.0 7.8

 Northern................................................... 49 40,646 58 34,949 -15.5 16.3

 Underground............................................ 27 36,082 32 30,029 -15.6 20.2

 Surface..................................................... 22 4,564 26 4,921 -15.4 -7.2

 Southern ................................................... 212 107,347 191 104,762 11.0 2.5

 Underground............................................ 125 54,851 123 56,764 1.6 -3.4

 Surface..................................................... 87 52,497 68 47,998 27.9 9.4

Wyoming ................................................... 20 396,493 18 376,270 11.1 5.4

 Underground............................................ 1 43 - - - -

 Surface..................................................... 19 396,450 18 376,270 5.6 5.4

 

Appalachian Total.................................... 1,193 389,884 1,124 376,071R 6.1 3.7

 Underground............................................ 530 251,588 521 244,468 1.7 2.9

 Surface..................................................... 663 138,297 603 131,603R 10.0 5.1

 Northern................................................... 380 135,089 369R 125,722R 3.0 7.5

 Underground............................................ 96 106,915 99 98,369 -3.0 8.7

 Surface..................................................... 284 28,174 270R 27,354R 5.2 3.0

 Central...................................................... 764 232,525 712R 230,231R 7.3 1.0

 Underground............................................ 426 128,559 413 130,724 3.1 -1.7

 Surface..................................................... 338 103,966 299R 99,508R

 13.0 4.5

 Southern ................................................... 49 22,271 43 20,118 14.0 10.7

 Underground............................................ 8 16,114 9 15,375 -11.1 4.8

 Surface..................................................... 41 6,156 34 4,742 20.6 29.8

Interior Total ............................................ 100 146,038 106 145,992 -5.7 *

 Underground............................................ 32 56,729 36 52,173 -11.1 8.7

 Surface..................................................... 68 89,309 70 93,819 -2.9 -4.8

Illinois Basin Total ................................... 70 90,336 78 88,491 -10.3 2.1

 Underground............................................ 30 56,319 34 51,779 -11.8 8.8

 Surface..................................................... 40 34,016 44 36,712 -9.1 -7.3

Western Total ........................................... 64 575,186 64 548,701 - 4.8

 Underground............................................ 24 59,240 23 56,144 4.3 5.5

 Surface..................................................... 40 515,946 41 492,557 -2.4 4.7

 Powder River Basin................................. 17 420,992 18 399,953 -5.6 5.3

 Underground............................................ - - - - - -

 Surface..................................................... 17 420,992 18 399,953 -5.6 5.3

 Uinta Region ............................................ 24 60,744 24 58,154 - 4.5

 Underground............................................ 20 50,896 20 49,828 - 2.1

 Surface..................................................... 4 9,848 4 8,326 - 18.3

 

East of Miss. River ................................... 1,264 483,806 1,203 468,258R 5.1 3.3

West of Miss. River .................................. 93 627,303 91 602,506 2.2 4.1

 

U.S. Subtotal ............................................. 1,357 1,111,109 1,294 1,070,764R 4.9 3.8

 

Refuse Recovery ....................................... 22 990 22 989R - 0.1

 

U.S. Total.................................................. . 1,379 1,112,099 1,316 1,071,753 4.8 3.8

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 R = Revised data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
12 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Alabama ................................................... 8 16,114 41 6,156 49 22,271

 Cullman ................................................... - - 2 474 2 474

 Franklin ................................................... - - 1 68 1 68

 Jackson .................................................... - - 3 84 3 84

 Jefferson .................................................. 3 5,418 10 1,675 13 7,093

 Marion ..................................................... - - 2 56 2 56

 Shelby...................................................... - - 1 101 1 101

 Tuscaloosa............................................... 4 10,602 5 1,124 9 11,726

 Walker..................................................... 1 94 15 2,471 16 2,565

 Winston ................................................... - - 2 104 2 104

Alaska ....................................................... - - 1 1,512 1 1,512

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division....................... - - 1 1,512 1 1,512

Arizona ..................................................... - - 2 12,731 2 12,731

 Navajo ..................................................... - - 2 12,731 2 12,731

Arkansas ................................................... 1 1 1 6 2 7

 Sebastian.................................................. 1 1 1 6 2 7

Colorado ................................................... 8 29,608 5 10,262 13 39,870

 Delta ........................................................ 2 4,696 - - 2 4,696

 Garfield.................................................... 1 301 - - 1 301

 Gunnison ................................................. 2 13,044 - - 2 13,044

 La Plata.................................................... 1 459 - - 1 459

 Moffat...................................................... - - 3 8,355 3 8,355

 Montrose.................................................. - - 1 413 1 413

 Rio Blanco............................................... 1 2,551 - - 1 2,551

 Routt ........................................................ 1 8,558 1 1,493 2 10,051

Illinois ....................................................... 12 26,907 7 4,946 19 31,853

 Gallatin .................................................... - - 1 2,747 1 2,747

 Jackson .................................................... - - 2 1,442 2 1,442

 Macoupin................................................. 2 4,420 - - 2 4,420

 Montgomery............................................ 1 1,895 - - 1 1,895

 Perry ........................................................ - - 2 578 2 578

 Randolph ................................................. 1 1,461 - - 1 1,461

 Saline....................................................... 3 10,593 - - 3 10,593

 Sangamon ................................................ 1 2,123 - - 1 2,123

 Vermilion................................................. 2 2,310 - - 2 2,310

 Wabash .................................................... 1 1,665 1 96 2 1,761

 White ....................................................... 1 2,440 - - 1 2,440

 Williamson .............................................. - - 1 83 1 83

Indiana ...................................................... 7 10,092 22 25,018 29 35,110

 Clay ......................................................... - - 2 928 2 928

 Daviess .................................................... - - 2 3,668 2 3,668

 Gibson ..................................................... 3 4,668 4 9,334 7 14,002

 Greene ..................................................... - - 1 218 1 218

 Jackson .................................................... - - 1 53 1 53

 Knox ........................................................ 3 3,057 3 1,121 6 4,178

 Pike.......................................................... 1 2,367 3 2,612 4 4,978

 Spencer.................................................... - - 1 311 1 311

 Sullivan.................................................... - - 1 875 1 875

 Vigo......................................................... - - 2 4,686 2 4,686

 Warrick.................................................... - - 2 1,214 2 1,214

Kansas ....................................................... - - 1 71 1 71

 Bourbon................................................... - - 1 71 1 71

Kentucky .................................................. 223 71,765 196 42,478 419 114,244

 Bell .......................................................... 6 626 9 747 15 1,372

 Boyd ........................................................ - - 1 11 1 11

 Breathitt................................................... - - 6 925 6 925

 Carter....................................................... - - 1 10 1 10

 Clay ......................................................... 1 2 6 54 7 56

 Floyd........................................................ 25 1,263 6 1,727 31 2,990

 Harlan ...................................................... 35 9,473 16 2,455 51 11,928

 Henderson................................................ 1 1,527 2 1,405 3 2,932

 Hopkins ................................................... 4 3,683 3 770 7 4,454

 Jackson .................................................... - - 2 47 2 47

 Johnson.................................................... 2 101 8 208 10 308

 Knott........................................................ 25 7,444 14 3,646 39 11,091

 Knox ........................................................ 5 156 8 602 13 758

 Laurel....................................................... - - 2 81 2 81

 Lawrence ................................................. 2 781 5 949 7 1,730

 Lee ........................................................... - - 1 18 1 18

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 13

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2004 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Leslie ....................................................... 6 2,691 6 1,771 12 4,462

 Letcher..................................................... 22 4,648 21 2,859 43 7,506

 Magoffin.................................................. - - 4 748 4 748

 Martin ...................................................... 11 3,711 5 2,519 16 6,229

 Morgan .................................................... - - 1 22 1 22

 Muhlenberg ............................................. 1 2,564 6 1,877 7 4,441

 Ohio......................................................... 1 1,305 - - 1 1,305

 Owsley..................................................... - - 2 74 2 74

 Perry ........................................................ 10 4,481 19 7,600 29 12,081

 Pike.......................................................... 61 16,952 40 11,161 101 28,113

 Union....................................................... 2 4,360 - - 2 4,360

 Webster.................................................... 2 5,881 - - 2 5,881

 Whitley .................................................... 1 117 2 193 3 309

Louisiana .................................................. - - 2 3,805 2 3,805

 De Soto.................................................... - - 1 3,265 1 3,265

 Red River................................................. - - 1 540 1 540

Maryland .................................................. 3 3,339 16 1,886 19 5,225

 Allegany .................................................. 1 127 10 1,582 11 1,709

 Garrett...................................................... 2 3,212 6 305 8 3,516

Mississippi ................................................ - - 1 3,586 1 3,586

 Choctaw................................................... - - 1 3,586 1 3,586

Missouri .................................................... - - 3 578 3 578

 Bates ........................................................ - - 3 578 3 578

Montana ................................................... 1 158 5 39,831 6 39,989

 Big Horn.................................................. - - 3 26,784 3 26,784

 Musselshell.............................................. 1 158 - - 1 158

 Richland................................................... - - 1 382 1 382

 Rosebud................................................... - - 1 12,665 1 12,665

New Mexico .............................................. 1 7,685 3 19,565 4 27,250

 Mckinley.................................................. - - 2 11,575 2 11,575

 San Juan................................................... 1 7,685 1 7,990 2 15,675

North Dakota ........................................... - - 4 29,943 4 29,943

 Mclean..................................................... - - 1 7,578 1 7,578

 Mercer ..................................................... - - 2 18,261 2 18,261

 Oliver....................................................... - - 1 4,104 1 4,104

Ohio ........................................................... 8 14,270 44 8,952 52 23,222

 Athens...................................................... 1 1,215 - - 1 1,215

 Belmont ................................................... 1 4,537 6 1,551 7 6,088

 Carroll...................................................... 1 410 1 4 2 414

 Columbiana ............................................. - - 3 499 3 499

 Coshocton................................................ - - 1 442 1 442

 Guernsey.................................................. - - 1 3 1 3

 Harrison................................................... 1 1,632 7 2,139 8 3,772

 Jackson .................................................... - - 2 159 2 159

 Jefferson .................................................. 2 549 7 364 9 913

 Lawrence ................................................. - - 1 6 1 6

 Mahoning................................................. - - 2 18 2 18

 Monroe .................................................... 1 5,821 - - 1 5,821

 Muskingum.............................................. - - 1 91 1 91

 Noble ....................................................... - - 1 490 1 490

 Perry ........................................................ - - 1 711 1 711

 Stark......................................................... - - 3 424 3 424

 Tuscarawas .............................................. 1 106 5 1,016 6 1,122

 Vinton...................................................... - - 2 1,035 2 1,035

Oklahoma ................................................. 1 409 7 1,383 8 1,792

 Craig ........................................................ - - 1 288 1 288

 Haskell..................................................... - - 1 437 1 437

 Le Flore ................................................... 1 409 3 496 4 905

 Okmulgee ................................................ - - 1 5 1 5

 Rogers...................................................... - - 1 157 1 157

Pennsylvania ............................................ 58 53,224 202 12,772 260 65,996

 Allegheny ................................................ 1 * - - 1 *

 Armstrong................................................ 11 4,231 10 776 21 5,007

 Beaver...................................................... 1 402 - - 1 402

 Blair......................................................... - - 1 23 1 23

 Butler....................................................... - - 3 401 3 401

 Cambria ................................................... 3 309 8 608 11 916

 Centre ...................................................... - - 1 29 1 29

 Clarion..................................................... - - 3 359 3 359

 Clearfield................................................. - - 38 3,340 38 3,340

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
14 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2004 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Columbia ................................................. - - 4 297 4 297

 Dauphin ................................................... 1 2 - - 1 2

 Elk ........................................................... 1 468 7 482 8 950

 Fayette ..................................................... - - 13 500 13 500

 Greene ..................................................... 7 37,377 5 308 12 37,685

 Indiana..................................................... 5 2,456 18 574 23 3,030

 Jefferson .................................................. 1 208 15 510 16 718

 Lackawanna............................................. - - 3 40 3 40

 Lawrence ................................................. - - 2 28 2 28

 Luzerne.................................................... - - 5 429 5 429

 Lycoming................................................. - - 1 294 1 294

 Mercer ..................................................... - - 1 84 1 84

 Northumberland ...................................... 5 190 2 51 7 241

 Schuylkill................................................. 14 79 32 590 46 669

 Somerset .................................................. 6 1,746 20 2,662 26 4,407

 Venango................................................... - - 1 4 1 4

 Washington.............................................. 2 5,757 4 332 6 6,089

 Westmoreland.......................................... - - 5 50 5 50

Tennessee .................................................. 12 826 20 2,061 32 2,887

 Anderson ................................................. 2 36 2 131 4 167

 Campbell ................................................. 3 91 4 226 7 316

 Claiborne ................................................. 5 522 12 1,503 17 2,025

 Cumberland ............................................. - - 1 90 1 90

 Fentress.................................................... - - 1 111 1 111

 Scott......................................................... 2 177 - - 2 177

Texas ......................................................... - - 13 45,863 13 45,863

 Atascosa................................................... - - 1 3,090 1 3,090

 Freestone ................................................. - - 1 4,340 1 4,340

 Harrison................................................... - - 1 4,275 1 4,275

 Hopkins ................................................... - - 1 2,581 1 2,581

 Leon......................................................... - - 1 6,457 1 6,457

 Milam ...................................................... - - 1 6,105 1 6,105

 Panola ...................................................... - - 2 7,031 2 7,031

 Robertson................................................. - - 1 1,945 1 1,945

 Rusk......................................................... - - 1 5,975 1 5,975

 Titus......................................................... - - 2 4,024 2 4,024

 Webb ....................................................... - - 1 40 1 40

Utah ........................................................... 13 21,746 - - 13 21,746

 Carbon ..................................................... 6 9,235 - - 6 9,235

 Emery ...................................................... 6 4,943 - - 6 4,943

 Sevier....................................................... 1 7,568 - - 1 7,568

Virginia ..................................................... 77 20,437 46 10,983 123 31,420

 Buchanan................................................. 20 7,634 14 2,714 34 10,348

 Dickenson................................................ 12 2,130 8 434 20 2,564

 Lee ........................................................... 2 507 1 309 3 816

 Russell ..................................................... 4 120 4 370 8 490

 Tazewell .................................................. 5 1,153 1 182 6 1,335

 Wise......................................................... 34 8,894 18 6,974 52 15,868

Washington .............................................. - - 1 5,653 1 5,653

 Lewis ....................................................... - - 1 5,653 1 5,653

West Virginia ........................................... 152 90,932 109 57,061 261 147,993

 Barbour.................................................... 3 771 3 196 6 968

 Boone....................................................... 25 16,854 16 14,416 41 31,270

 Clay ......................................................... 1 209 2 3,949 3 4,158

 Fayette ..................................................... 3 1,206 10 2,558 13 3,763

 Grant........................................................ 1 200 1 981 2 1,181

 Greenbrier................................................ 2 606 - - 2 606

 Harrison................................................... 3 6,869 4 128 7 6,997

 Kanawha.................................................. 11 9,143 8 5,896 19 15,039

 Lincoln..................................................... 3 777 - - 3 777

 Logan....................................................... 8 3,278 11 8,083 19 11,361

 Marion ..................................................... 1 4,971 2 101 3 5,072

 Marshall................................................... 2 12,051 - - 2 12,051

 Mcdowell................................................. 29 2,310 12 2,370 41 4,680

 Mineral .................................................... - - 2 88 2 88

 Mingo ...................................................... 13 6,087 12 7,227 25 13,314

 Monongalia.............................................. 3 5,612 5 327 8 5,939

 Nicholas................................................... 2 577 3 4,298 5 4,875

 Preston..................................................... 2 1,836 2 22 4 1,858

 Raleigh..................................................... 14 6,811 4 849 18 7,660

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 15

Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2004 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production 

West Virginia (continued) 

 Randolph ................................................. 1 1 - - 1 1

 Upshur..................................................... 7 1,782 1 4 8 1,786

 Wayne...................................................... 3 4,187 2 950 5 5,137

 Webster.................................................... 4 1,989 2 2,717 6 4,706

 Wyoming................................................. 11 2,806 7 1,901 18 4,707

Wyoming .................................................. 1 43 19 396,450 20 396,493

 Campbell ................................................. - - 12 351,860 12 351,860

 Carbon ..................................................... - - 2 20 2 20

 Converse.................................................. - - 1 29,683 1 29,683

 Lincoln..................................................... - - 1 4,491 1 4,491

 Sweetwater .............................................. 1 43 3 10,396 4 10,439

 

U.S. Subtotal ............................................. 586 367,557 771 743,552 1,357 1,111,109

 

Refuse Recovery ....................................... - - - - 22 990

 

U.S. Total.................................................. . 586 367,557 771 743,552 1,379 1,112,099

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
16 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2

 Conventional3 Longwall4 Other5 Total 

Alabama............................................. 196 - 15,918 - 16,114

Arkansas ............................................ - - - 1 1

Colorado ............................................ 5,455 - 24,153 - 29,608

Illinois................................................ 17,339 - 9,568 - 26,907

Indiana............................................... 10,092 - - - 10,092

Kentucky Total.................................. 66,725 1,076 2,217 1,747 71,765

 Eastern............................................. 47,551 930 2,217 1,747 52,445

 Western............................................ 19,174 147 - - 19,321

Maryland ........................................... 193 - 3,146 - 3,339

Montana............................................. 158 - - - 158

New Mexico ...................................... - - 7,685 - 7,685

Ohio................................................... 3,913 - 10,357 - 14,270

Oklahoma .......................................... 409 - - - 409

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 9,643 743 42,791 47 53,224

 Anthracite ........................................ 197 29 - 45 271

 Bituminous ...................................... 9,446 714 42,791 2 52,953

Tennessee .......................................... 822 - - 4 826

Utah ................................................... 1,164 - 20,582 - 21,746

Virginia.............................................. 14,407 107 5,910 13 20,437

West Virginia Total........................... 45,165 60 45,621 86 90,932

 Northern........................................... 7,860 60 28,158 4 36,082

 Southern........................................... 37,305 - 17,463 83 54,851

Wyoming........................................... 43 - - - 43

 

Appalachian Total........................... 121,890 1,840 125,960 1,898 251,588

 Northern.......................................... 21,609 803 84,452 50 106,915

 Central ............................................ 100,084 1,037 25,590 1,847 128,559

 Southern.......................................... 196 - 15,918 - 16,114

Interior Total ................................... 47,013 147 9,568 1 56,729

 Illinois Basin .................................. 46,604 147 9,568 - 56,319

Western Total .................................. 6,820 - 52,420 - 59,240

 Powder River Basin........................ - ----

 Uinta Region .................................. 6,161 - 44,735 - 50,896

 

East of Miss. River .......................... 168,494 1,987 135,528 1,898 307,907

West of Miss. River ......................... 7,229 - 52,420 1 59,650

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 175,723 1,987 187,948 1,899 367,557 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

4

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 5

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method, or mines 

that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 17

Table 4. Coal Production by Coalbed Thickness and Mine Type, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coalbed Thickness 

(inches) Underground Surface Total 

< 7................................................................. -99

7-12............................................................... - 3,206 3,206

13-18............................................................. 725 7,142 7,867

19-24............................................................. 415 17,000 17,415

25-30............................................................. 2,801 22,732 25,533

31-36............................................................. 18,539 26,437 44,976

37-42............................................................. 23,885 17,592 41,478

43-48............................................................. 45,676 26,045 71,721

49-54............................................................. 19,424 14,551 33,975

55-60............................................................. 54,870 20,189 75,060

61-66............................................................. 30,712 20,062 50,774

67-72............................................................. 46,250 11,515 57,765

73-78............................................................. 19,391 14,041 33,432

79-84............................................................. 27,267 9,452 36,719

85-90............................................................. 8,006 4,104 12,109

91-96............................................................. 13,407 11,569 24,976

97-102........................................................... 18,232 5,416 23,647

103-108......................................................... 4,218 6,411 10,629

109-114......................................................... 4,096 7,964 12,060

115-120......................................................... 709 6,046 6,755

> 120............................................................. 28,772 491,483 520,256

Unknown1 .................................................... 162 585 1,737

U.S. Total..................................................... 367,557 743,552 1,112,099 

1

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
18 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2004 

Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Thickness 

Coalbed ID Number (inches) 1

Coalbed Name 

Underground Surface Total Average2 Low High 

1699 Wyodak ............................................... - 336,662 336,662 762 76 900

0036 Pittsburgh ............................................ 82,588 3,009 85,597 72 25 159

0489 No. 9 .................................................... 35,726 10,403 46,128 63 37 86

1697 Canyon ................................................ - 29,211 29,211 596 240 803

1569 Beulah-Zap.......................................... - 27,918 27,918 184 144 210

0111 Hazard No. 5-A ................................... 6,259 20,591 26,850 71 11 150

0151 Upper Elkhorn No. 3 ........................... 16,340 5,293 21,633 50 12 120

0484 Herrin (Illinois No. 6) ......................... 15,730 4,253 19,983 70 46 96

0103 Stockton-Lewiston .............................. 4,682 13,007 17,689 69 12 120

1696 Anderson-Dietz 1-Dietz 2 ................... - 17,590 17,590 855 600 972

0084 Lower Kittanning ................................ 8,914 8,316 17,230 49 10 105

1808 Rosebud............................................... - 16,290 16,290 263 216 276

1787 Roland ................................................. - 15,670 15,670 529 359 696

0176 Eagle.................................................... 11,925 1,320 13,245 55 11 108

0168 Pond Creek .......................................... 11,400 1,687 13,087 55 11 84

0135 Hazard No. 4 ....................................... 8,434 4,599 13,033 45 18 98

0280 Blue Creek........................................... 11,467 516 11,983 57 11 70

1488 Fruitland No. 8 .................................... 7,685 3,276 10,961 163 58 204

1755 D .......................................................... 10,647 - 10,647 143 112 162

0142 Williamson (Amburgy)....................... 6,560 2,720 9,279 41 11 70

0121 Winifrede............................................. 5,136 4,023 9,159 54 12 116

0480 No. 7 .................................................... 3,327 5,697 9,024 46 12 54

0071 Upper Freeport .................................... 5,532 3,462 8,994 60 15 84

1753 Somerset B .......................................... 8,914 - 8,914 134 108 144

0344 Pocahontas No. 3................................. 8,831 - 8,831 60 36 68

Major Coalbeds Total .................................. 270,096 535,513 805,610 412 10 972

 

Other Coalbeds............................................. 97,298 207,453 304,752 86 6 760

 

Unknown3 ...................................................... 162 585 1,737 NA NA NA

 

U.S. Total....................................................... 367,557 743,552 1,112,099 322 6 972 

1

 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal zones. See Coalbed name 

discussion in note below. 2

 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 

3

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 NA = This estimated value is not available due to insufficient data or inadequate data/model performance. 

 Notes: • Major coalbeds for this table are the top 25 producing coalbeds. The category "Other Coalbeds" includes all coalbeds from which less than 8.8 million short tons 

were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the 

geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are found primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and 

even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are also included in "Other Coalbeds," even though production may exceed 8.8 million short tons. Totals may not 

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that 

coalbed. The States having greatest production for each coalbed are Alabama (coalbed 0280), Eastern Kentucky ( 0111, 0121, 0135, 0142, 0151, 0168, and 0176); West 

Virginia (0036, 0084, 0103, and 0344); Pennsylvania (0071); Western Kentucky (0489); Illinois (0484); Indiana (0480); Colorado (1750, 1753, and 1755); New Mexico (1488); 

North Dakota (1569); Montana (1696, and 1808); and Wyoming (1697, 1699, and 1787). In some other States where these are major producing beds, the following alternative 

coalbed names are also used: 0084, No 5 Block (Eastern Kentucky); 0111, Coalburg (West Virginia); 0135, Chilton (West Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennessee); Taggert 

(Virginia); Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0168, No 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0483, No 14 (Western Kentucky); 0484, No 11 (Western 

Kentucky); 0489, No 5 (Illinois and Indiana). 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 19

Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production Number of 

Mines Production 

Alabama......................................... 49 22,271 - - - - - - 49 22,271

Alaska............................................ - - 1 1,512 - - - - 1 1,512

Arizona .......................................... 2 12,731 - - - - - - 2 12,731

Arkansas ........................................ 2 7 - - - - - - 2 7

Colorado ........................................ 10 31,515 3 8,355 - - - - 13 39,870

Illinois............................................ 19 31,853 - - - - - - 19 31,853

Indiana........................................... 29 35,110 - - - - - - 29 35,110

Kansas ........................................... 1 71 - - - - - - 1 71

Kentucky Total.............................. 419 114,244 - - - - - - 419 114,244

 Eastern......................................... 397 90,871 - - - - - - 397 90,871

 Western........................................ 22 23,373 - - - - - - 22 23,373

Louisiana ....................................... - - - - 2 3,805 - - 2 3,805

Maryland ....................................... 19 5,225 - - - - - - 19 5,225

Mississippi..................................... - - - - 1 3,586 - - 1 3,586

Missouri......................................... 3 578 - - - - - - 3 578

Montana......................................... - - 5 39,607 1 382 - - 6 39,989

New Mexico2

................................. 2 13,484 2 13,766 - - - - 4 27,250

North Dakota ................................. - - - - 4 29,943 - - 4 29,943

Ohio............................................... 52 23,222 - - - - - - 52 23,222

Oklahoma ...................................... 8 1,792 - - - - - - 8 1,792

Pennsylvania Total ........................ 194 64,317 - - - - 66 1,679 260 65,996

 Anthracite .................................... - - - - - - 66 1,679 66 1,679

 Bituminous .................................. 194 64,317 - - - - - - 194 64,317

Tennessee ...................................... 32 2,887 - - - - - - 32 2,887

Texas ............................................. 1 40 - - 12 45,823 - - 13 45,863

Utah ............................................... 13 21,746 - - - - - - 13 21,746

Virginia.......................................... 123 31,420 - - - - - - 123 31,420

Washington.................................... - - 1 5,653 - - - - 1 5,653

West Virginia Total....................... 261 147,993 - - - - - - 261 147,993

 Northern....................................... 49 40,646 - - - - - - 49 40,646

 Southern....................................... 212 107,347 - - - - - - 212 107,347

Wyoming....................................... 2 20 18 396,473 - - - - 20 396,493

 

Appalachian Total....................... 1,127 388,206 - - - - 66 1,679 1,193 389,884

 Northern...................................... 314 133,410 - - - - 66 1,679 380 135,089

 Central ........................................ 764 232,525 - - - - - - 764 232,525

 Southern...................................... 49 22,271 - - - - - - 49 22,271

Interior Total ............................... 85 92,824 - - 15 53,215 - - 100 146,038

 Illinois Basin .............................. 70 90,336 - - - - - - 70 90,336

Western Total .............................. 29 79,496 30 465,365 5 30,325 - - 64 575,186

 Powder River Basin.................... - - 17 420,992 - - - - 17 420,992

 Uinta Region .............................. 21 52,389 3 8,355 - - - - 24 60,744

 

East of Miss. River ...................... 1,197 478,541 - - 1 3,586 66 1,679 1,264 483,806

West of Miss. River ..................... 44 81,984 30 465,365 19 79,953 - - 93 627,303

 

U.S. Subtotal ................................ 1,241 560,526 30 465,365 20 83,540 66 1,679 1,357 1,111,109

 

Refuse Recovery .......................... 19 963 - - - - 3 27 22 990

 

U.S. Total...................................... 1,260 561,488 30 465,365 20 83,540 69 1,706 1,379 1,112,099 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 One Mine in New Mexico periodically produces both bituminous and subbituminous coal. When this occurs, it is double counted as a subbituminous and bituminous mine, 

but is not double counted in the total. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
20 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 7. Coal Production by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Union Nonunion Total Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama...................................................... 15,918 - 196 6,128 16,114 6,128

Alaska......................................................... - 1,512 - - - 1,512

Arizona ....................................................... - 12,731 - - - 12,731

Colorado ..................................................... 2,551 3,756 27,058 6,506 29,608 10,262

Illinois......................................................... 13,516 - 13,391 4,946 26,907 4,946

Indiana........................................................ - 2,011 10,092 23,007 10,092 25,018

Kansas ........................................................ - - - 71 - 71

Kentucky Total........................................... 4,411 1,312 67,259 41,022 71,670 42,334

 Eastern...................................................... 139 1,312 52,210 36,971 52,349 38,283

 Western..................................................... 4,271 - 15,049 4,050 19,321 4,050

Louisiana .................................................... - - - 3,805 - 3,805

Maryland .................................................... - - 3,339 1,857 3,339 1,857

Mississippi.................................................. - - - 3,586 - 3,586

Missouri...................................................... - - - 578 - 578

Montana...................................................... - 27,763 158 12,068 158 39,831

New Mexico ............................................... 7,685 13,789 - 5,776 7,685 19,565

North Dakota .............................................. - 7,156 - 22,786 - 29,943

Ohio............................................................ 4,537 741 9,734 8,172 14,270 8,913

Oklahoma ................................................... - - 409 1,378 409 1,378

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 22,439 519 30,753 12,013 53,192 12,532

 Anthracite ................................................. - 206 240 1,152 240 1,358

 Bituminous ............................................... 22,439 313 30,513 10,861 52,951 11,174

Tennessee ................................................... - - 822 2,050 822 2,050

Texas .......................................................... - 30,057 - 15,806 - 45,863

Utah ............................................................ 3,854 - 17,892 - 21,746 -

Virginia....................................................... 3,063 706 17,362 10,260 20,424 10,966

Washington................................................. - 5,653 - - - 5,653

West Virginia Total.................................... 40,874 8,334 50,042 48,665 90,916 56,999

 Northern.................................................... 28,158 - 7,920 4,544 36,078 4,544

 Southern.................................................... 12,716 8,334 42,122 44,121 54,838 52,455

Wyoming.................................................... 43 10,088 - 386,358 43 396,446

 

Appalachian Total.................................... 86,969 11,613 164,457 126,116 251,426 137,728

 Northern................................................... 55,133 1,260 51,746 26,586 106,879 27,846

 Central ..................................................... 15,918 10,353 112,515 93,402 128,433 103,754

 Southern................................................... 15,918 - 196 6,128 16,114 6,128

Interior Total ............................................ 17,788 32,068 38,941 57,228 56,728 89,296

 Illinois Basin ........................................... 17,788 2,011 38,532 32,003 56,319 34,014

Western Total ........................................... 14,133 82,448 45,107 433,495 59,240 515,942

 Powder River Basin................................. - 27,381 - 393,611 - 420,992

 Uinta Region ........................................... 6,405 3,342 44,491 6,506 50,896 9,848

 

East of Miss. River ................................... 104,756 13,624 202,989 161,705 307,745 175,329

West of Miss. River .................................. 14,133 112,505 45,516 455,133 59,649 567,638

 

Unknown2 .................................................. - - - - 162 585

 

U.S. Total................................................... 118,889 126,128 248,505 616,838 367,557 743,552 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Excludes refuse recovery operations. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 21

Table 8. Coal Disposition by State, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market Sales1

 Captive Sales/Transactions2 Total 

Alabama........................................................ 21,436 - 21,436

Alaska........................................................... W - W

Arizona ......................................................... W - W

Colorado ....................................................... 36,566 2,866 39,432

Illinois........................................................... 32,181 - 32,181

Indiana.......................................................... 32,700 2,283 34,983

Kansas .......................................................... W - W

Kentucky Total............................................. 109,474 4,888 114,362

 Eastern........................................................ 86,676 4,057 90,733

 Western....................................................... 22,798 831 23,629

Louisiana ...................................................... W W W

Maryland ...................................................... 5,273 130 5,403

Mississippi.................................................... W - W

Missouri........................................................ W - W

Montana........................................................ 39,399 817 40,216

New Mexico ................................................. 27,017 - 27,017

North Dakota ................................................ 25,822 4,163 29,985

Ohio.............................................................. 21,309 1,230 22,539

Oklahoma ..................................................... 1,789 - 1,789

Pennsylvania Total ....................................... 62,686 3,022 65,707

 Anthracite ................................................... 1,546 134 1,680

 Bituminous ................................................. 61,139 2,888 64,027

Tennessee ..................................................... 2,798 - 2,798

Texas ............................................................ 12,964 33,338 46,303

Utah .............................................................. 18,832 3,783 22,615

Virginia......................................................... 21,206 9,731 30,937

Washington................................................... - W W

West Virginia Total...................................... 136,070 11,218 147,287

 Northern...................................................... 34,158 5,966 40,124

 Southern...................................................... 101,912 5,252 107,163

Wyoming...................................................... 378,123 17,627 395,750

U.S. Total3 ................................................... 1,006,807 102,377 1,109,184 

1

 Open market sales include all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive sales transactions include all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 3

 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
22 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2004 

Rank Mine Names/Company Mine Type State Production 

(short tons) 

1 North Antelope Rochelle Complex/Powder River Coal Company Surface Wyoming 82,471,922

2 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Company LLC Surface Wyoming 72,220,213

3 Cordero Mine/Cordero Mining Co. Surface Wyoming 38,743,666

4 Jacobs Ranch Mine/Jacobs Ranch Coal Company Surface Wyoming 38,548,799

5 Antelope Coal Mine/Antelope Coal Company Surface Wyoming 29,682,854

6 Caballo Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 26,480,950

7 Eagle Butte Mine/Rag Coal West, Inc. Surface Wyoming 23,004,687

8 Buckskin Mine/Triton Coal Company Surface Wyoming 20,266,859

9 Belle Ayr Mine/Foundation Coal West Incorporation Surface Wyoming 18,704,482

10 North Rochelle/Triton Coal Company LLC Surface Wyoming 15,234,753

11 Freedom Mine/The Coteau Properties Company Surface North Dakota 15,208,281

12 Rosebud #6 Mine & Crusher & Conv/Western Energy Company Surface Montana 12,664,823

13 Spring Creek Coal Company/Spring Creek Coal Company Surface Montana 12,068,328

14 Enlow Fork Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 10,218,960

15 Bailey Mine/Consol Pennsylvania Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 10,133,685

16 Foidel Creek Mine/Twentymile Coal Company Underground Colorado 8,557,741

17 McElroy Mine/McElroy Coal Company Underground West Virginia 8,357,061

18 Decker Mine/Decker Coal Co. Surface Montana 8,241,467

19 Kayenta/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 8,180,942

20 Navajo Mine/BHP Navajo Coal Company Surface New Mexico 7,990,021

21 San Juan South/San Juan Coal Company Underground New Mexico 7,685,041

22 Falkirk Mine/The Falkirk Mining Company Surface North Dakota 7,578,153

23 Sufco/Canyon Fuel Company LLC Underground Utah 7,568,276

24 Rawhide Mine/Caballo Coal Company Surface Wyoming 6,869,989

25 Elk Creek Mine/Oxbow Mining, LLC Underground Colorado 6,551,034

26 Galatia Mine/The American Coal Company Underground Illinois 6,517,541

27 West Elk Mine/Mountain Coal Company LLC Underground Colorado 6,493,363

28 Absaloka Mine/Washington Group International Surface Montana 6,474,339

29 Jewett Mine/Texas Westmoreland Coal Co. Surface Texas 6,456,625

30 Robinson Run No 95/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 6,245,830

31 Sandow Mine/Alcoa Incorporated Surface Texas 6,105,182

32 Oak Hill Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 5,975,453

33 Century Mine/American Energy Corporation Underground Ohio 5,820,654

34 McKinley/Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Surface New Mexico 5,799,112

35 Lee Ranch Coal Co/Lee Ranch Coal Company Surface New Mexico 5,775,777

36 Emerald Mine No. 1/Emerald Coal Resources, LP Underground Pennsylvania 5,768,397

37 Blacksville No 2/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Pennsylvania 5,718,668

38 Centralia Coal Mine/Trans Alta Centralia Mining LLP Surface Washington 5,653,221

39 Jim Bridger Mine/Bridger Coal Company Surface Wyoming 5,597,531

40 Beckville Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 5,560,732

41 Colowyo Mine/Colowyo Coal Company L P Surface Colorado 5,435,256

42 Cumberland Mine/Cumberland Coal Resources, LP Underground Pennsylvania 5,194,971

43 Loveridge No 22/Consolidation Coal Company Underground West Virginia 4,970,733

44 Federal No 2/Eastern Associated Coal Corp Underground West Virginia 4,889,905

45 Samples Mine/Catenary Coal Company Surface West Virginia 4,790,415

46 Dotiki Mine/Webster County Coal LLC Underground Kentucky 4,780,111

47 Wyodak/Wyodak Resources Development Co Surface Wyoming 4,780,101

48 Black Mesa Mine/Peabody Western Coal Company Surface Arizona 4,549,887

49 Powhatan No. 6 Mine/The Ohio Valley Coal Company Underground Ohio 4,536,510

50 Dry Fork Mine/Dry Fork Coal Company Surface Wyoming 4,533,621

51 Kemmerer Mine/The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Surface Wyoming 4,490,573

52 Hobet 21 Surface Mine/Hobet Mining, Inc. Surface West Virginia 4,417,418

53 Buchanan Mine #1/Consolidation Coal Company Underground Virginia 4,376,918

54 Big Brown Strip/TXU Mining Company LP Surface Texas 4,339,582

55 No 1 Surface/Alex Energy, Inc. Surface West Virginia 4,277,629

56 South Hallsville No 1 Mine/Sabine Mining Company Surface Texas 4,275,227

57 Farmersburg Mine/Black Beauty Coal Company Surface Indiana 4,267,613

58 Twilight MTR Surface Mine/Progress Coal Surface West Virginia 4,122,751

59 Center Mine/BNI Coal, Ltd. Surface North Dakota 4,103,859

60 Bowie Mine #2/Bowie Resources, LLC Underground Colorado 4,096,085

61 American Eagle Mine/Speed Mining Inc Underground West Virginia 4,095,165

 

 Subtotal 688,519,742

 All Other Mines 423,579,128

 

 U.S. Total 1,112,098,870 

 Note: • Major mines are mines that produced more than 4 million short tons in 2004. The company is the firm operating the mine. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 23

Table 10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2004 

Rank Controlling Company Name Production 

(thousand short tons) 

Percent of 

Total Production 

1 Peabody Coal Co. 192,484 17.3

2 Kennecott Energy & Coal Co. 124,479 11.2

3 Arch Coal, Inc. 115,244 10.4

4 CONSOL Energy, Inc. 65,222 5.9

5 Foundation Coal Corp. 60,428 5.4

6 A.T. Massey Coal Co., Inc. 40,373 3.6

7 Vulcan Partners, LP 35,502 3.2

8 North American Coal Corp. 30,648 2.8

9 Westmoreland Coal Co. 29,030 2.6

10 TXU Corp. 23,952 2.2

11 Robert Murray 21,330 1.9

12 Alliance Coal, LLC 20,323 1.8

13 International Coal Group, Inc. 17,459 1.6

14 BHP Minerals Group 15,675 1.4

15 Alpha Natural Resources, LLC 13,891 1.2

16 Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co. 10,290 0.9

17 PacifiCorp 8,953 0.8

18 Peter Kiewit/Kennecott 8,241 0.7

19 James River Coal Co. 7,853 0.7

20 Horizon Natural Resources, Inc. 7,349 0.7

21 Walter Industries, Inc. 6,876 0.6

22 Oxbow Carbon & Minerals, Inc. 6,551 0.6

23 Wexford Capital, LLC 6,300 0.6

24 Alcoa, Inc. 6,105 0.5

25 Transalta Centralia Mining, LLC 5,653 0.5

26 Andalex Resources, Inc 5,648 0.5

27 TECO Energy, Inc. 5,607 0.5

 

 Subtotal 891,465 80.2

 All Other Coal Producers 220,634 19.8

 

 U.S. Total 1,112,099 100.0 

 Note: • Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 5 million short tons in 2004. A controlling company of a mine is defined as the company 

"controlling the coal, particularly the sale of the coal." Most often, but not always, this is the owner of the mine. 

 Source: • COALdat, a product of RDI/Platts and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and 

Coal Production Report." 
24 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 25

Productive Capacity 
26 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2004, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2004 2003 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 17,377 7,784 25,161 16,143 6,269 22,413 7.6 24.2 12.3

Alaska........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Colorado ....................................... 32,492 11,428 43,920 31,245 9,433 40,678 4.0 21.1 8.0

Illinois........................................... 29,487 6,180 35,667 31,455 7,371 38,826 -6.3 -16.2 -8.1

Indiana.......................................... 11,638 27,226 38,864 11,622 32,543 44,165 0.1 -16.3 -12.0

Kansas .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................. 95,138 55,665 150,804 96,831 65,193R 162,025R -1.7 -14.6 -6.9

 Eastern........................................ 73,071 50,516 123,586 74,474 59,673R 134,147R -1.9 -15.3 -7.9

 Western....................................... 22,068 5,149 27,217 22,357 5,520 27,877 -1.3 -6.7 -2.4

Louisiana ...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland ...................................... W W 6,171 W W 5,659 W W 9.0

Mississippi.................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana........................................ W W 50,384 W W 53,734 W W -6.2

New Mexico ................................. W W 30,300 W W 29,951 W W 1.2

North Dakota ................................ - 33,000 33,000 - 32,600 32,600 - 1.2 1.2

Ohio.............................................. 15,216 12,879 28,095 13,811 15,683 29,494 10.2 -17.9 -4.7

Oklahoma ..................................... W W 2,361 W W 2,159 W W 9.3

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 59,764 16,782 76,546 60,748 17,076R 77,824R -1.6 -1.7 -1.6

 Anthracite ................................... 276 2,592 2,868 279 2,415R 2,694R -1.0 7.3 6.5

 Bituminous ................................. 59,488 14,190 73,678 60,469 14,661 75,130 -1.6 -3.2 -1.9

Tennessee ..................................... 1,755 3,520 5,276 1,096 3,069 4,164 60.2 14.7 26.7

Texas ............................................ - 47,005 47,005 - 49,621 49,621 - -5.3 -5.3

Utah .............................................. 28,304 - 28,304 W W 29,611 W -100.0 -4.4

Virginia......................................... 27,864 15,239 43,103 25,690 12,317 38,007 8.5 23.7 13.4

Washington................................... - W W - W W - W W

West Virginia Total...................... 114,083 69,507 183,590 115,972 67,214 183,186 -1.6 3.4 0.2

 Northern...................................... 37,767 5,121 42,889 38,246 5,492 43,738 -1.3 -6.7 -1.9

 Southern...................................... 76,316 64,386 140,702 77,727 61,721 139,448 -1.8 4.3 0.9

Wyoming...................................... W W 448,798 - 432,484 432,484 W W 3.8

 

U.S. Total..................................... 445,712 862,801 1,308,513 445,950 862,582R 1,308,532R * * * 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 R = Revised data. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 27

Table 12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2004, 2003 

 (Percent) 

2004 2003 Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama.......................................................... 92.73 78.73 88.40 95.24 75.60 89.75

Alaska............................................................. - W W - W W

Arizona ........................................................... - W W - W W

Colorado ......................................................... 91.12 89.80 90.78 86.98 91.74 88.08

Illinois............................................................. 91.25 80.04 89.31 82.59 76.73 81.47

Indiana............................................................ 86.71 91.89 90.34 74.29 82.07 80.03

Kansas ............................................................ - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................................... 75.33 76.05 75.60 71.43 66.66R 69.51R

 Eastern......................................................... 71.64 75.78 73.34 69.84 65.55R 67.93R

 Western........................................................ 87.55 78.66 85.87 76.75 78.56 77.11

Louisiana ........................................................ - W W - W W

Maryland ........................................................ W W 84.20 W W 89.10

Mississippi...................................................... - W W - W W

Missouri.......................................................... - W W - W W

Montana.......................................................... W W 79.37 W W 68.85

New Mexico ................................................... W W 89.93 W W 88.11

North Dakota .................................................. - 90.74 90.74 - 94.40 94.40

Ohio................................................................ 93.79 69.20 82.52 92.88 58.48 74.59

Oklahoma ....................................................... W W 75.69 W W 72.33

Pennsylvania Total ......................................... 89.00 74.68 85.86 85.87 65.97R 81.50

 Anthracite .................................................... 87.13 52.40 55.74 86.57 36.78R 41.93R

 Bituminous .................................................. 89.01 78.75 87.03 85.87 70.78 82.92

Tennessee ....................................................... 46.81 58.24 54.44 58.39 61.97 61.03

Texas .............................................................. - 97.57 97.57 - 95.76 95.76

Utah ................................................................ 76.83 - 76.83 W W 77.91

Virginia........................................................... 73.30 71.96 72.83 82.53 83.97 83.00

Washington..................................................... - W W - W W

West Virginia Total........................................ 79.69 82.00 80.57 74.80 78.66 76.22

 Northern....................................................... 95.53 88.73 94.72 78.51 89.05 79.83

 Southern....................................................... 71.86 81.47 76.26 72.98 77.74 75.08

Wyoming........................................................ W W 88.34 - 87.00 87.00

 

U.S. Total....................................................... 82.43 86.11 84.86 79.06 83.18R 81.78 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 R = Revised data. 

 Note: • Capacity utilization is the ratio of annual production to annual productive capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required 

to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
28 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilization of Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining 

Method, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

Continuous Conventional Longwall Other Total 

Coal-Producing 

State Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Productive 

Capacity 

Capacity 

Utilization 

Percent 

Alabama......................................... W W -- W W - - 17,377 92.73

Colorado ........................................ W W -- W W - - 32,492 91.12

Illinois............................................ W W -- W W - - 29,487 91.25

Indiana........................................... 11,638 86.71 - - - - - - 11,638 86.71

Kentucky Total.............................. 88,367 75.51 2,309 W W W W 91.62 95,138 75.33

 Eastern......................................... W W W W W W W 91.62 73,071 71.64

 Western........................................ W W W W - - - - 22,068 87.55

Maryland ....................................... W W -- W W - - W W

Montana......................................... W W - - - - - - W W

New Mexico .................................. - - - - W W - - W W

Ohio............................................... W W -- W W - - 15,216 93.79

Oklahoma ...................................... W W - - - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ........................ W 86.00 1,129 W 47,388 90.30 W W 59,764 89.00

 Anthracite .................................... W W W W - - W W 276 87.13

 Bituminous .................................. W W W W 47,388 90.30 - - 59,488 89.01

Tennessee ...................................... 1,755 46.81 - - - - - - 1,755 46.81

Utah ............................................... 2,015 57.76 - - 26,289 78.29 - - 28,304 76.83

Virginia.......................................... 19,856 72.56 W W W W - - 27,864 73.30

West Virginia Total....................... 59,755 75.58 W W 54,023 84.45 W W 114,083 79.69

 Northern....................................... 8,971 W W W W W - - 37,767 95.53

 Southern....................................... 50,785 W -- W W W W 76,316 71.86

Wyoming....................................... W W - - - - - - W W

 

U.S. Total...................................... 225,091 78.07 3,725 53.33 214,933 87.44 1,963 88.46 445,712 82.43 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total production to annual productive 

capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and recovery operations. Totals may not equal sum of components 

because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 29

Recoverable Reserves 
30 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2004, 2003 

 (Million Short Tons) 

2004 2003 Coal-Producing 

State Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Percent Change 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Alabama............................................... 341 58.76 308 56.16 10.9

Alaska.................................................. W W W W W

Arizona ................................................ W W W W W

Arkansas .............................................. - - - - -

Colorado .............................................. 415 69.34 427 69.87 -2.9

Illinois.................................................. 796 59.40 913 58.41 -12.8

Indiana................................................. 398 66.95 432 68.84 -7.7

Kansas ................................................. W W - - -

Kentucky Total.................................... 1,129 55.17 994 56.93 13.6

 Eastern............................................... 823 56.14 639 59.38 28.8

 Western.............................................. 306 52.58 355 52.52 -13.8

Louisiana ............................................. W W W W W

Maryland ............................................. 17 62.64 61 61.65 -72.7

Mississippi........................................... W W W W W

Missouri............................................... W W W W W

Montana............................................... 1,140 87.75 1,197 87.86 -4.8

New Mexico ........................................ 1,304 91.31 1,351 91.21 -3.5

North Dakota ....................................... 1,191 89.41 1,211 89.36 -1.7

Ohio..................................................... 318 72.36 336 74.15 -5.4

Oklahoma ............................................ 17 68.95 17 68.34 0.6

Pennsylvania Total .............................. 614 68.22 536 68.88R 14.5

 Anthracite .......................................... 22 52.73 25R 54.60R -13.8

 Bituminous ........................................ 592 68.79 511 69.58 15.9

Tennessee ............................................ 26 74.73 22 76.43 17.4

Texas ................................................... 546 92.35 623 92.31 -12.3

Utah ..................................................... 317 58.57 331 57.64 -4.0

Virginia................................................ 250 56.95 226 58.40 10.4

Washington.......................................... W W W W W

West Virginia Total............................. 1,518 60.63 1,497 59.93 1.5

 Northern............................................. 375 60.03 418 61.14 -10.4

 Southern............................................. 1,144 60.82 1,078 59.46 6.1

Wyoming............................................. 7,053 92.92 6,707 93.43 5.1

 

U.S. Total............................................ 18,122 81.42 17,954R 81.65 0.9 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 R = Revised data. 

 Note: • Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines 

producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 31

Table 15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated 

Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2004 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground - Minable Coal Surface - Minable Coal Total 

Coal-Resource 

State 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable 

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Recoverable 

Reserves at 

Producing 

Mines 

Estimated 

Recoverable

Reserves 

Demonstrated

Reserve Base 

Alabama........................................ 308 521 1,034 33 2,285 3,208 341 2,806 4,242

Alaska........................................... - 2,745 5,423 W 545 689 W 3,291 6,112

Arizona ......................................... - - - W 5 7 W 57

Arkansas ....................................... - 127 272 - 101 144 - 228 417

Colorado ....................................... 362 6,050 11,529 53 3,748 4,764 415 9,798 16,293

Georgia ......................................... - 1 2 - 1 2 - 2 4

Idaho............................................. - 2 4 - - - - 2 4

Illinois........................................... 760 27,944 87,972 36 10,075 16,557 796 38,019 104,529

Indiana.......................................... 256 3,630 8,764 142 451 771 398 4,080 9,534

Iowa.............................................. - 807 1,732 - 320 457 - 1,127 2,189

Kansas .......................................... - - - W 681 973 W 681 973

Kentucky Total............................. 948 7,488 17,202 181 7,516 13,023 1,129 15,004 30,225

 Eastern........................................ 669 716 1,282 154 5,244 9,389 823 5,960 10,671

 Western....................................... 279 6,772 15,920 26 2,273 3,634 306 9,044 19,554

Louisiana ...................................... - - - W 316 427 W 316 427

Maryland ...................................... W 320 584 W 46 67 17 366 652

Michigan....................................... - 55 123 - 3 5 - 59 128

Mississippi.................................... - - - W - - W --

Missouri........................................ - 689 1,479 W 3,158 4,511 W 3,847 5,990

Montana........................................ W 35,922 70,958 W 39,067 48,322 1,140 74,989 119,280

New Mexico ................................. W 2,848 6,171 W 4,086 6,001 1,304 6,934 12,172

North Carolina.............................. - 5 11 - - - - 5 11

North Dakota ................................ - - - 1,191 6,935 9,090 1,191 6,935 9,090

Ohio.............................................. 199 7,733 17,577 119 3,774 5,765 318 11,507 23,342

Oklahoma ..................................... W 574 1,232 W 227 325 17 801 1,557

Oregon.......................................... - 7 15 - 2 3 - 9 17

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 521 10,768 23,330 93 1,055 4,267 614 11,822 27,597

 Anthracite ................................... W 340 3,844 W 420 3,356 22 760 7,200

 Bituminous ................................. W 10,428 19,486 W 635 911 592 11,062 20,397

South Dakota ................................ - - - - 277 366 - 277 366

Tennessee ..................................... 7 281 513 19 180 266 26 462 779

Texas ............................................ - - - 546 9,578 12,442 546 9,578 12,442

Utah .............................................. 317 2,538 5,177 - 212 268 317 2,750 5,445

Virginia......................................... 200 653 1,163 50 369 576 250 1,022 1,740

Washington................................... - 674 1,332 W 7 8 W 681 1,341

West Virginia Total...................... 1,136 15,673 29,366 382 2,431 3,854 1,518 18,104 33,220

 Northern...................................... 351 NA NA 24 NA NA 375 NA NA

 Southern...................................... 785 NA NA 358 NA NA 1,144 NA NA

Wyoming...................................... W 22,950 42,501 W 18,853 21,824 7,053 41,804 64,325

 

U.S. Total..................................... 5,339 151,007 335,468 12,783 116,305 158,982 18,122 267,312 494,450 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 NA = This estimated value is not available due to insufficient data or inadequate data/model performance. 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

EIA's estimated recoverable reserves include the coal in the demonstrated reserve base considered recoverable after excluding coal estimated to be unavailable due to land use 

restrictions or currently economically unattractive for mining, and after applying assumed mining recovery rates; see Glossary for criteria. The effective date for the 

demonstrated reserve base, as customarily worded, is "Remaining as of January 1, 2005." These data are contemporaneous with the Recoverable reserves at Producing Mines, 

customarily presented as of the end of the past year's mining, that is in this case, December 31, 2004. The demonstrated reserve base includes publicly available data on coal 

mapped to measured and indicated degrees of accuracy and found at depths and in coalbed thicknesses considered technologically minable at the time of determinations; see 

Glossary for criteria. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short 

tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," and EIA estimates. 
32 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines 

by State and Mining Method, 2004 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Continuous1 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total 

Coal-Producing 

State 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable 

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing 

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable

Coal 

Reserves 

at Producing

Mines 

Average 

Recovery 

Percentage 

Alabama......................................... W W -- W W - - 308 55.64

Colorado ........................................ W W -- W W - - 362 66.41

Illinois............................................ W W -- W W - - 760 58.50

Indiana........................................... 256 59.29 - - - - - - 256 59.29

Kentucky Total.............................. 913 49.69 9 54.22 W W W W 948 49.43

 Eastern......................................... W W W W W W W W 669 49.66

 Western........................................ W W W W - - - - 279 48.87

Maryland ....................................... W W -- W W - - W W

Montana......................................... W W - - - - - - W W

New Mexico .................................. - - - - W W - - W W

Ohio............................................... W W -- W W - - 199 64.27

Oklahoma ...................................... W W - - - - - - W W

Pennsylvania Total ........................ W W 15 70.35 405 66.30 W W 521 66.29

 Anthracite .................................... W W W W - - W W W W

 Bituminous .................................. W W W W 405 66.30 - - W W

Tennessee ...................................... 7 50.00 - - - - - - 7 50.00

Utah ............................................... 42 78.07 - - 275 55.57 - - 317 58.57

Virginia.......................................... 142 48.67 W W W W - - 200 49.28

West Virginia Total....................... 591 52.08 W W 545 54.84 W W 1,136 53.41

 Northern....................................... W W W W W W - - 351 59.31

 Southern....................................... W W -- W W W W 785 50.77

Wyoming....................................... W W - - - - - - W W

 

U.S. Total...................................... 2,689 53.96 24 64.03 2,618 61.18 9 49.88 5,339 57.54 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

3

 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous 

mining. 4

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods or 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 33

Table 17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine 

Production Range and Mine Type, 2004 

 (Million Short Tons) 

Underground Surface Total Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Recoverable Coal 

Reserves 

Average Recovery 

Percentage 

Over 1,000.................................................. 3,699 58.86 12,074 91.93 15,773 84.18

500 to 1,000................................................ 408 55.50 234 78.93 642 64.05

200 to 500................................................... 634 51.71 223 83.54 857 59.98

100 to 200................................................... 335 57.63 107 82.88 442 63.75

50 to 100..................................................... 107 53.25 84 88.29 191 68.58

10 to 50....................................................... 155 58.07 61 80.27 217 64.36

 

U.S. Total................................................... 5,339 57.54 12,783 91.39 18,122 81.42 

 Note: • Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing coal reserves at reporting mines. 

Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mines in the reported geographic 

area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
34 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 35

Employment 
36 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2004, 2003 

2004 2003 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 2,649 984 3,633 2,615 800 3,415 1.3 23.0 6.4

Alaska........................................... - 92 92 - 81 81 - 13.6 13.6

Arizona ......................................... - 598 598 - 661 661 - -9.5 -9.5

Arkansas ....................................... 9 3 12 19 3 22 -52.6 - -45.5

Colorado ....................................... 1,488 604 2,092 1,521 597 2,118 -2.2 1.2 -1.2

Illinois........................................... 3,188 385 3,573 3,188 467 3,655 - -17.6 -2.2

Indiana.......................................... 1,122 1,708 2,830 1,060 1,712 2,772 5.8 -0.2 2.1

Kansas .......................................... - 15 15 - 8 8 - 87.5 87.5

Kentucky Total............................. 10,251 5,271 15,522 9,916 5,339R 15,255R 3.4 -1.3 1.8

 Eastern........................................ 8,371 4,901 13,272 8,143 4,896R 13,039R 2.8 0.1 1.8

 Western....................................... 1,880 370 2,250 1,773 443 2,216 6.0 -16.5 1.5

Louisiana ...................................... - 231 231 - 214 214 - 7.9 7.9

Maryland ...................................... 264 233 497 229 222 451 15.3 5.0 10.2

Mississippi.................................... - 211 211 - 195 195 - 8.2 8.2

Missouri........................................ - 25 25 - 19 19 - 31.6 31.6

Montana........................................ 39 683 722 15 742 757 160.0 -8.0 -4.6

New Mexico ................................. 334 1,054 1,388 252 1,163 1,415 32.5 -9.4 -1.9

North Dakota ................................ - 918 918 - 917 917 - 0.1 0.1

Ohio.............................................. 1,312 1,198 2,510 1,203 1,203 2,406 9.1 -0.4 4.3

Oklahoma ..................................... 44 132 176 36 111 147 22.2 18.9 19.7

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 5,003 2,521 7,524 4,607 2,313R 6,920R 8.6 9.0 8.7

 Anthracite ................................... 230 660 890 243 571R 814R -5.3 15.6 9.3

 Bituminous ................................. 4,773 1,861 6,634 4,364 1,742 6,106 9.4 6.8 8.6

Tennessee ..................................... 244 402 646 223 344 567 9.4 16.9 13.9

Texas ............................................ - 2,274 2,274 - 2,369 2,369 - -4.0 -4.0

Utah .............................................. 1,522 11 1,533 1,515 37 1,552 0.5 -70.3 -1.2

Virginia......................................... 3,374 1,468 4,842 3,350 1,370 4,720 0.7 7.2 2.6

Washington................................... - 581 581 - 577 577 - 0.7 0.7

West Virginia Total...................... 11,136 5,267 16,403 10,374 4,531 14,905 7.3 16.2 10.1

 Northern...................................... 3,805 458 4,263 3,440 474 3,914 10.6 -3.4 8.9

 Southern...................................... 7,331 4,809 12,140 6,934 4,057 10,991 5.7 18.5 10.5

Wyoming...................................... 37 4,916 4,953 - 4,800 4,800 - 2.4 3.2

 

Appalachian Total...................... 32,353 16,974 49,327 30,744 15,679R 46,423R 5.2 8.3 6.3

 Northern..................................... 10,384 4,410 14,794 9,479 4,212R 13,691R 9.5 4.7 8.1

 Central ....................................... 19,320 11,580 30,900 18,650 10,667R 29,317R 3.6 8.6 5.4

 Southern..................................... 2,649 984 3,633 2,615 800 3,415 1.3 23.0 6.4

Interior Total .............................. 6,243 5,354 11,597 6,076 5,541 11,617 2.7 -3.4 -0.2

 Illinois Basin ............................. 6,190 2,463 8,653 6,021 2,622 8,643 2.8 -6.1 0.1

Western Total ............................. 3,420 9,457 12,877 3,303 9,575 12,878 3.5 -1.2 *

 Powder River Basin................... - 4,771 4,771 - 4,741 4,741 - 0.6 0.6

 Uinta Region ............................. 2,951 589 3,540 2,979 608 3,587 -0.9 -3.1 -1.3

 

East of Miss. River ..................... 38,543 19,648 58,191 36,765 18,496R 55,261R 4.8 6.2 5.3

West of Miss. River .................... 3,473 12,137 15,610 3,358 12,299 15,657 3.4 -1.3 -0.3

 

U.S. Subtotal ............................... 42,016 31,785 73,801 40,123 30,795R 70,918R 4.7 3.2 4.1

 

Refuse Recovery ......................... - - 111 - - 105R - - 5.7

 

U.S. Total..................................... 42,016 31,785 73,912 40,123 30,795R 71,023 4.7 3.2 4.1 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 R = Revised data. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 37

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2004 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (thousand short tons) 

State, Region1, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero2

Total Number 

of Employees

Alabama ...................................................... 2,525 194 244 286 145 97 32 110 3,633

 Underground.............................................. 2,522 - - 44 25 - - 58 2,649

 Surface....................................................... 3 194 244 242 120 97 32 52 984

Alaska .......................................................... 92 - - - - - - - 92

 Surface....................................................... 92 - - - - - - - 92

Arizona ........................................................ 562 - - - - - - 36 598

 Surface....................................................... 562 - - - - - - 36 598

Arkansas...................................................... - - - - - - 12 - 12

 Underground.............................................. - - - - - - 9 - 9

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - 3 - 3

Colorado...................................................... 1,932 46 109 - - - - 5 2,092

 Underground.............................................. 1,354 46 83 - - - - 5 1,488

 Surface....................................................... 578 - 26 - - - - - 604

Illinois .......................................................... 3,198 223 - - 24 22 - 106 3,573

 Underground.............................................. 2,927 203 - - - - - 58 3,188

 Surface....................................................... 271 20 - - 24 22 - 48 385

Indiana......................................................... 1,956 514 193 - 35 3 - 129 2,830

 Underground.............................................. 773 269 49 - - - - 31 1,122

 Surface....................................................... 1,183 245 144 - 35 3 - 98 1,708

Kansas.......................................................... - - - - 15 - - - 15

 Surface....................................................... - - - - 15 - - - 15

Kentucky Total ........................................... 3,747 2,749 3,089 1,519 1,125 1,072 421 1,800 15,522

 Underground.............................................. 2,848 1,616 2,084 977 758 624 218 1,126 10,251

 Surface....................................................... 899 1,133 1,005 542 367 448 203 674 5,271

 Eastern....................................................... 2,000 2,648 2,957 1,401 1,120 1,072 418 1,656 13,272

 Underground.............................................. 1,174 1,616 2,029 916 758 624 218 1,036 8,371

 Surface....................................................... 826 1,032 928 485 362 448 200 620 4,901

 Western...................................................... 1,747 101 132 118 5 - 3 144 2,250

 Underground.............................................. 1,674 - 55 61 - - - 90 1,880

 Surface....................................................... 73 101 77 57 5 - 3 54 370

Louisiana ..................................................... 198 33 - - - - - - 231

 Surface....................................................... 198 33 - - - - - - 231

Maryland..................................................... 186 58 48 34 54 66 14 37 497

 Underground.............................................. 186 - - 20 22 - - 36 264

 Surface....................................................... - 58 48 14 32 66 14 1 233

Mississippi ................................................... 211 - - - - - - - 211

 Surface....................................................... 211 - - - - - - - 211

Missouri....................................................... - - 10 15 - - - - 25

 Surface....................................................... - - 10 15 - - - - 25

Montana ...................................................... 671 - 12 39 - - - - 722

 Underground.............................................. - - - 39 - - - - 39

 Surface....................................................... 671 - 12 - - - - - 683

New Mexico................................................. 1,233 - - - - - - 155 1,388

 Underground.............................................. 294 - - - - - - 40 334

 Surface....................................................... 939 - - - - - - 115 1,054

North Dakota .............................................. 918 - - - - - - - 918

 Surface....................................................... 918 - - - - - - - 918

Ohio.............................................................. 1,101 321 475 201 105 85 23 199 2,510

 Underground.............................................. 1,101 1 87 30 - - - 93 1,312

 Surface....................................................... - 320 388 171 105 85 23 106 1,198

Oklahoma.................................................... - - 139 20 15 - 2 - 176

 Underground.............................................. - - 44 - - - - - 44

 Surface....................................................... - - 95 20 15 - 2 - 132

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 3,523 670 913 496 267 541 251 863 7,524

 Underground.............................................. 3,523 458 346 110 19 109 60 378 5,003

 Surface....................................................... - 212 567 386 248 432 191 485 2,521

 Anthracite.................................................. - - 51 116 42 181 122 378 890

 Underground.............................................. - - - 44 - 43 43 100 230

 Surface....................................................... - - 51 72 42 138 79 278 660

 Bituminous ................................................ 3,523 670 862 380 225 360 129 485 6,634

 Underground.............................................. 3,523 458 346 66 19 66 17 278 4,773

 Surface....................................................... - 212 516 314 206 294 112 207 1,861

Tennessee..................................................... - 89 101 138 138 111 8 61 646

 Underground.............................................. - - 28 61 44 68 4 39 244

 Surface....................................................... - 89 73 77 94 43 4 22 402

Texas............................................................ 2,243 - - - - 31 - - 2,274

 Surface....................................................... 2,243 - - - - 31 - - 2,274

Utah.............................................................. 1,067 119 209 44 - - - 94 1,533

 Underground.............................................. 1,067 119 209 44 - - - 83 1,522

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
38 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production 

Range, 2004 (Continued) 

Mine Production Range 

Coal-Producing (thousand short tons) 

State, Region 1

, and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero 2

Total Number 

of Employees

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - - 11 11

Virginia........................................................ 1,054 450 1,378 637 376 293 51 603 4,842

 Underground.............................................. 785 258 887 517 263 199 13 452 3,374

 Surface....................................................... 269 192 491 120 113 94 38 151 1,468

Washington ................................................. 581 - - - - - - - 581

 Surface....................................................... 581 - - - - - - - 581

West Virginia Total.................................... 7,892 1,793 2,541 736 666 436 201 2,138 16,403

 Underground.............................................. 5,493 1,070 1,747 555 499 239 99 1,434 11,136

 Surface....................................................... 2,399 723 794 181 167 197 102 704 5,267

 Northern ................................................... 2,999 377 299 102 86 60 50 290 4,263

 Underground.............................................. 2,810 322 279 93 50 21 34 196 3,805

 Surface....................................................... 189 55 20 9 36 39 16 94 458

 Southern ................................................... 4,893 1,416 2,242 634 580 376 151 1,848 12,140

 Underground.............................................. 2,683 748 1,468 462 449 218 65 1,238 7,331

 Surface....................................................... 2,210 668 774 172 131 158 86 610 4,809

Wyoming ..................................................... 4,855 22 - - - 50 26 - 4,953

 Underground.............................................. - - - - - 37 - - 37

 Surface....................................................... 4,855 22 - - - 13 26 - 4,916

 

Appalachian Total...................................... 18,281 6,223 8,657 3,929 2,871 2,701 998 5,667 49,327

 Underground.............................................. 14,784 3,403 5,124 2,253 1,630 1,239 394 3,526 32,353

 Surface....................................................... 3,497 2,820 3,533 1,676 1,241 1,462 604 2,141 16,974

 Northern.................................................... 7,809 1,426 1,735 833 512 752 338 1,389 14,794

 Underground.............................................. 7,620 781 712 253 91 130 94 703 10,384

 Surface....................................................... 189 645 1,023 580 421 622 244 686 4,410

 Central....................................................... 7,947 4,603 6,678 2,810 2,214 1,852 628 4,168 30,900

 Underground.............................................. 4,642 2,622 4,412 1,956 1,514 1,109 300 2,765 19,320

 Surface....................................................... 3,305 1,981 2,266 854 700 743 328 1,403 11,580

 Southern .................................................... 2,525 194 244 286 145 97 32 110 3,633

 Underground.............................................. 2,522 - - 44 25 - - 58 2,649

 Surface....................................................... 3 194 244 242 120 97 32 52 984

Interior Total .............................................. 9,553 871 474 153 94 56 17 379 11,597

 Underground.............................................. 5,374 472 148 61 - - 9 179 6,243

 Surface....................................................... 4,179 399 326 92 94 56 8 200 5,354

 Illinois Basin.............................................. 6,901 838 325 118 64 25 3 379 8,653

 Underground.............................................. 5,374 472 104 61 - - - 179 6,190

 Surface....................................................... 1,527 366 221 57 64 25 3 200 2,463

Western Total ............................................. 11,911 187 330 83 - 50 26 290 12,877

 Underground.............................................. 2,715 165 292 83 - 37 - 128 3,420

 Surface....................................................... 9,196 22 38 - - 13 26 162 9,457

 Powder River Basin.................................. 4,771 - - - - - - - 4,771

 Surface....................................................... 4,771 - - - - - - - 4,771

 Uinta Region ............................................. 2,999 165 233 44 - - - 99 3,540

 Underground.............................................. 2,421 165 233 44 - - - 88 2,951

 Surface....................................................... 578 - - - - - - 11 589

 

East of Miss. River ..................................... 25,393 7,061 8,982 4,047 2,935 2,726 1,001 6,046 58,191

 Underground.............................................. 20,158 3,875 5,228 2,314 1,630 1,239 394 3,705 38,543

 Surface....................................................... 5,235 3,186 3,754 1,733 1,305 1,487 607 2,341 19,648

West of Miss. River .................................... 14,352 220 479 118 30 81 40 290 15,610

 Underground.............................................. 2,715 165 336 83 - 37 9 128 3,473

 Surface....................................................... 11,637 55 143 35 30 44 31 162 12,137

 

Subtotal........................................................ 39,745 7,281 9,461 4,165 2,965 2,807 1,041 6,336 73,801

 Underground.............................................. 22,873 4,040 5,564 2,397 1,630 1,276 403 3,833 42,016

 Surface....................................................... 16,872 3,241 3,897 1,768 1,335 1,531 638 2,503 31,785

 

Refuse Recovery ......................................... - - 12 6 38 32 15 8 111

 

U.S. Total.................................................... . 39,745 7,281 9,473 4,171 3,003 2,839 1,056 6,344 73,912

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 39

Table 20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2004 

Union2 Nonunion2

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama................................................ 2,560 3 89 955

Alaska................................................... - 92 - -

Arizona ................................................. - 598 - -

Colorado ............................................... 163 291 1,325 313

Illinois................................................... 1,722 33 1,466 361

Indiana.................................................. 21 265 1,101 1,449

Kansas .................................................. - - - 15

Kentucky Total..................................... 628 185 9,405 4,926

 Eastern................................................ 107 164 8,046 4,574

 Western............................................... 521 21 1,359 352

Louisiana .............................................. - - - 231

Maryland .............................................. - - 264 219

Mississippi............................................ - - - 211

Missouri................................................ - - - 25

Montana................................................ - 558 39 125

New Mexico ......................................... 334 807 - 247

North Dakota ........................................ - 271 - 647

Ohio...................................................... 438 100 874 1,075

Oklahoma ............................................. - - 44 130

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 2,601 200 2,342 2,137

 Anthracite ........................................... 14 141 173 447

 Bituminous ......................................... 2,587 59 2,169 1,690

Tennessee ............................................. - - 240 398

Texas .................................................... - 1,403 - 871

Utah ...................................................... 472 - 1,050 13

Virginia................................................. 584 87 2,777 1,355

Washington........................................... - 581 - -

West Virginia Total.............................. 4,498 936 6,539 4,240

 Northern.............................................. 2,510 - 1,261 442

 Southern.............................................. 1,988 936 5,278 3,798

Wyoming.............................................. 37 588 - 4,302

Appalachian Total.............................. 10,788 1,490 21,171 14,953

 Northern............................................. 5,549 300 4,741 3,873

 Central ............................................... 2,679 1,187 16,341 10,125

 Southern............................................. 2,560 3 89 955

Interior Total ...................................... 2,264 1,722 3,970 3,645

 Illinois Basin ..................................... 2,264 319 3,926 2,162

Western Total ..................................... 1,006 3,786 2,414 5,647

 Powder River Basin........................... - 546 - 4,225

 Uinta Region ..................................... 635 265 2,316 326

East of Miss. River ............................. 13,052 1,809 25,097 17,326

West of Miss. River ............................ 1,006 5,189 2,458 6,919

U.S. Total............................................. 14,058 6,998 27,555 24,245 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 Note: • Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including 

office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide 

data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
40 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 41

Productivity 
42 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2004, 2003 

Number of Mining Operations2 Number of Employees3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons)4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region1, and 

Mine Type 

2004 2003 Percent 

Change 2004 2003 Percent Change 2004 2003 Percent Change 

Alabama ...................................... 58 50 16.0 3,633 3,415 6.4 2.70 2.66 1.3

 Underground.............................. 13 13 - 2,649 2,615 1.3 2.62 2.58 1.6

 Surface....................................... 45 37 21.6 984 800 23.0 2.93 2.98 -1.8

Alaska .......................................... 1 1 - 92 81 13.6 7.27 6.08 19.4

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 92 81 13.6 7.27 6.08 19.4

Arizona ........................................ 3 3 - 598 661 -9.5 8.03 8.16 -1.5

 Surface....................................... 3 3 - 598 661 -9.5 8.03 8.16 -1.5

Arkansas...................................... 2 2 - 12 22 -45.5 * * 59.3

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 9 19 -52.6 * * 58.2

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 3 3 - 1.55 1.08 43.3

Colorado...................................... 15 13 15.4 2,092 2,118 -1.2 9.10 8.60 5.8

 Underground.............................. 9 9 - 1,488 1,521 -2.2 9.52 9.14 4.1

 Surface....................................... 6 4 50.0 604 597 1.2 8.09 7.25 11.5

Illinois .......................................... 29 34 -14.7 3,573 3,655 -2.2 3.97 3.91 1.5

 Underground.............................. 17 21 -19.0 3,188 3,188 - 3.74 3.72 0.7

 Surface....................................... 12 13 -7.7 385 467 -17.6 5.84 5.08 14.9

Indiana......................................... 49 45 8.9 2,830 2,772 2.1 5.05 5.25 -3.8

 Underground.............................. 19 15 26.7 1,122 1,060 5.8 3.68 3.58 2.9

 Surface....................................... 30 30 - 1,708 1,712 -0.2 5.95 6.19 -3.9

Kansas.......................................... 1 1 - 15 8 87.5 2.42 8.70 -72.2

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 15 8 87.5 2.42 8.70 -72.2

Kentucky Total ........................... 547 519R 5.4 15,522 15,255R 1.8 3.32 3.46 -4.1

 Underground.............................. 288 274 5.1 10,251 9,916 3.4 3.17 3.26 -2.7

 Surface....................................... 259 245R 5.7 5,271 5,339R -1.3 3.60 3.84R -6.1

 Eastern....................................... 512 485R 5.6 13,272 13,039R 1.8 3.13 3.32 -5.8

 Underground.............................. 271 257 5.4 8,371 8,143 2.8 2.90 3.04 -4.6

 Surface....................................... 241 228R 5.7 4,901 4,896R 0.1 3.50 3.78 -7.5

 Western...................................... 35 34 2.9 2,250 2,216 1.5 4.38 4.23 3.5

 Underground.............................. 17 17 - 1,880 1,773 6.0 4.27 4.19 1.8

 Surface....................................... 18 17 5.9 370 443 -16.5 5.02 4.42 13.6

Louisiana ..................................... 2 2 - 231 214 7.9 7.74 8.78 -11.8

 Surface....................................... 2 2 - 231 214 7.9 7.74 8.78 -11.8

Maryland..................................... 22 18 22.2 497 451 10.2 5.11 5.42 -5.7

 Underground.............................. 5 3 66.7 264 229 15.3 5.98 6.92 -13.6

 Surface....................................... 17 15 13.3 233 222 5.0 4.06 3.84 5.6

Mississippi ................................... 1 1 - 211 195 8.2 8.49 8.77 -3.2

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 211 195 8.2 8.49 8.77 -3.2

Missouri....................................... 3 2 50.0 25 19 31.6 11.10 12.57 -11.7

 Surface....................................... 3 2 50.0 25 19 31.6 11.10 12.57 -11.7

Montana ...................................... 6 7 -14.3 722 757 -4.6 25.72 24.10 6.7

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 39 15 160.0 1.57 0.85 84.6

 Surface....................................... 5 6 -16.7 683 742 -8.0 27.38 24.68 10.9

New Mexico................................. 5 7 -28.6 1,388 1,415 -1.9 9.74 9.10 7.0

 Underground.............................. 2 2 - 334 252 32.5 11.19 11.59 -3.4

 Surface....................................... 3 5 -40.0 1,054 1,163 -9.4 9.27 8.57 8.1

North Dakota .............................. 4 4 - 918 917 0.1 17.06 17.69 -3.6

 Surface....................................... 4 4 - 918 917 0.1 17.06 17.69 -3.6

Ohio.............................................. 73 71 2.8 2,510 2,406 4.3 3.78 3.90 -3.0

 Underground.............................. 19 16 18.8 1,312 1,203 9.1 4.53 4.50 0.6

 Surface....................................... 54 55 -1.8 1,198 1,203 -0.4 2.99 3.28 -8.8

Oklahoma.................................... 8 7 14.3 176 147 19.7 3.83 4.54 -15.6

 Underground.............................. 1 1 - 44 36 22.2 3.26 4.68 -30.4

 Surface....................................... 7 6 16.7 132 111 18.9 4.04 4.50 -10.1

Pennsylvania Total ..................... 346 324R 6.8 7,524 6,920R 8.7 3.99 4.18 -4.6

 Underground.............................. 94 91 3.3 5,003 4,607 8.6 4.72 4.96 -4.9

 Surface....................................... 252 233R 8.2 2,521 2,313R 9.0 2.43 2.44 -0.6

 Anthracite.................................. 114 108R 5.6 890 814R 9.3 0.97 0.82 19.2

 Underground.............................. 37 38 -2.6 230 243 -5.3 0.67 0.70 -4.5

 Surface....................................... 77 70R 10.0 660 571R 15.6 1.07 0.86 24.3

 Bituminous ................................ 232 216 7.4 6,634 6,106 8.6 4.34 4.56 -4.7

 Underground.............................. 57 53 7.5 4,773 4,364 9.4 4.87 5.13 -5.1

 Surface....................................... 175 163 7.4 1,861 1,742 6.8 2.89 2.94 -1.8

Tennessee..................................... 41 31 32.3 646 567 13.9 2.36 2.42 -2.5

 Underground.............................. 17 14 21.4 244 223 9.4 2.29 1.92 19.2

 Surface....................................... 24 17 41.2 402 344 16.9 2.39 2.66 -10.2

Texas............................................ 13 13 - 2,274 2,369 -4.0 9.34 9.50 -1.6

 Surface....................................... 13 13 - 2,274 2,369 -4.0 9.34 9.50 -1.6

Utah.............................................. 19 20 -5.0 1,533 1,552 -1.2 6.75 7.22 -6.6

 Underground.............................. 17 17 - 1,522 1,515 0.5 6.81 7.32 -7.1

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 43

Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2004, 2003 (Continued) 

Number of Mining Operations 2 Number of Employees 3

Average Production 

per Employee 

per Hour 

(short tons) 4

Coal-Producing 

State, Region 1 , 

and Mine Type 

2004 2003 Percent 

Change 2004 2003 Percent Change 2004 2003 Percent Change 

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................... 2 3 -33.3 11 37 -70.3 - 0.53 -100.0

Virginia........................................ 171 170 0.6 4,842 4,720 2.6 2.95 3.17 -6.8

 Underground.............................. 104 105 -1.0 3,374 3,350 0.7 2.83 3.07 -7.8

 Surface....................................... 67 65 3.1 1,468 1,370 7.2 3.22 3.41 -5.5

Washington ................................. 1 1 - 581 577 0.7 4.30 4.92 -12.6

 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 581 577 0.7 4.30 4.92 -12.6

West Virginia Total.................... 376 367 2.5 16,403 14,905 10.1 4.03 4.16 -3.0

 Underground.............................. 214 220 -2.7 11,136 10,374 7.3 3.72 3.79 -1.8

 Surface....................................... 162 147 10.2 5,267 4,531 16.2 4.65 4.95 -6.0

 Northern.................................... 69 77 -10.4 4,263 3,914 8.9 4.39 4.13 6.5

 Underground.............................. 36 41 -12.2 3,805 3,440 10.6 4.40 4.05 8.8

 Surface....................................... 33 36 -8.3 458 474 -3.4 4.35 4.70 -7.5

 Southern .................................... 307 290 5.9 12,140 10,991 10.5 3.91 4.17 -6.2

 Underground.............................. 178 179 -0.6 7,331 6,934 5.7 3.38 3.67 -7.9

 Surface....................................... 129 111 16.2 4,809 4,057 18.5 4.68 4.97 -5.9

Wyoming ..................................... 20 19 5.3 4,953 4,800 3.2 38.83 37.99 2.2

 Underground.............................. 1 - - 37 - - 2.87 - -

 Surface....................................... 19 19 - 4,916 4,800 2.4 38.88 37.99 2.4

 

Appalachian Total...................... 1,599 1,516 5.5 49,327 46,423R 6.3 3.56 3.71 -4.0

 Underground.............................. 737 719 2.5 32,353 30,744 5.2 3.53 3.64 -3.1

 Surface....................................... 862 797 8.2 16,974 15,679R 8.3 3.61 3.83R -5.8

 Northern.................................... 510 490R 4.1 14,794 13,691R 8.1 4.10 4.15 -1.3

 Underground.............................. 154 151 2.0 10,384 9,479 9.5 4.61 4.62 -0.3

 Surface....................................... 356 339R 5.0 4,410 4,212R 4.7 2.89 3.04 -5.0

 Central....................................... 1,031 976R 5.6 30,900 29,317R 5.4 3.40 3.62 -6.0

 Underground.............................. 570 555 2.7 19,320 18,650 3.6 3.07 3.28 -6.4

 Surface....................................... 461 421R 9.5 11,580 10,667R 8.6 3.93 4.18 -6.1

 Southern .................................... 58 50 16.0 3,633 3,415 6.4 2.70 2.66 1.3

 Underground.............................. 13 13 - 2,649 2,615 1.3 2.62 2.58 1.6

 Surface....................................... 45 37 21.6 984 800 23.0 2.93 2.98 -1.8

Interior Total .............................. 143 141 1.4 11,597 11,617 -0.2 5.47 5.56 -1.7

 Underground.............................. 55 55 - 6,243 6,076 2.7 3.88 3.83 1.4

 Surface....................................... 88 86 2.3 5,354 5,541 -3.4 7.37 7.43 -0.8

 Illinois Basin.............................. 113 113 - 8,653 8,643 0.1 4.45 4.44 *

 Underground.............................. 53 53 - 6,190 6,021 2.8 3.90 3.84 1.6

 Surface....................................... 60 60 - 2,463 2,622 -6.1 5.80 5.73 1.4

Western Total ............................. 74 75 -1.3 12,877 12,878 * 21.28 20.82 2.2

 Underground.............................. 30 29 3.4 3,420 3,303 3.5 8.33 8.42 -1.1

 Surface....................................... 44 46 -4.3 9,457 9,575 -1.2 25.90 25.01 3.6

 Powder River Basin.................. 17 19 -10.5 4,771 4,741 0.6 42.09 40.62 3.6

 Underground.............................. - - - - - - - - -

 Surface....................................... 17 19 -10.5 4,771 4,741 0.6 42.09 40.62 3.6

 Uinta Region ............................. 32 31 3.2 3,540 3,587 -1.3 8.19 8.09 1.3

 Underground.............................. 25 25 - 2,951 2,979 -0.9 8.24 8.31 -0.8

 Surface....................................... 7 6 16.7 589 608 -3.1 7.93 6.97 13.9

 

East of Miss. River ..................... 1,713 1,630 5.1 58,191 55,261R 5.3 3.71 3.84 -3.4

 Underground.............................. 790 772 2.3 38,543 36,765 4.8 3.59 3.68 -2.2

 Surface....................................... 923 858 7.6 19,648 18,496R 6.2 3.94 4.17 -5.5

West of Miss. River .................... 103 102 1.0 15,610 15,657 -0.3 19.01 18.67 1.8

 Underground.............................. 32 31 3.2 3,473 3,358 3.4 8.22 8.33 -1.3

 Surface....................................... 71 71 - 12,137 12,299 -1.3 22.05 21.42 2.9

 

Subtotal........................................ 1,816 1,732 4.8 73,801 70,918R 4.1 6.80 6.95 -2.1

 Underground.............................. 822 803 2.4 42,016 40,123 4.7 3.96 4.04 -2.0

 Surface....................................... 994 929 7.0 31,785 30,795R 3.2 10.57 10.76 -1.8

 

Refuse Recovery ......................... 26 25 4.0 111 105R 5.7 5.73 5.07R 13.1

 

U.S. Total..................................... 1 ,842 1,757 4.8 73,912 71,023 4.1 6.80 6.95 -2.1

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant or preparation plant only processing both underground and surface coal are reported as two operations. 3

 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office 

workers. 4

 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, 

repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 R = Revised data. 

 Note: • Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
44 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mining Method, 2004 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing 

State and Region1 Continuous2

 Conventional3 Longwall4 Other5 Total 

Alabama............................................. 1.21 - 2.66 - 2.63

Colorado ............................................ 7.77 - 10.02 - 9.52

Illinois................................................ 3.81 - 3.64 - 3.74

Indiana............................................... 3.77 - - - 3.77

Kentucky Total.................................. 3.22 2.39 4.36 2.22 3.19

 Eastern............................................. 2.91 2.41 4.36 2.22 2.91

 Western............................................ 4.35 2.25 - - 4.32

Maryland ........................................... 2.72 - 6.46 - 5.98

Montana............................................. 1.57 - - - 1.57

New Mexico ...................................... - - 11.19 - 11.19

Ohio................................................... 3.88 - 4.85 - 4.54

Oklahoma .......................................... 3.26 - - - 3.26

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 4.13 2.04 5.03 0.85 4.74

 Anthracite ........................................ 0.70 * - 0.85 0.66

 Bituminous ...................................... 4.60 2.40 5.03 - 4.88

Tennessee .......................................... 2.30 - - - 2.30

Utah ................................................... 3.39 - 7.22 - 6.81

Virginia.............................................. 2.55 7.43 4.07 - 2.87

West Virginia Total........................... 3.18 2.09 4.55 1.53 3.74

 Northern........................................... 3.22 2.09 4.96 - 4.43

 Southern........................................... 3.17 - 4.01 1.53 3.39

Wyoming........................................... 2.87 - - - 2.87

 

Appalachian Total........................... 3.04 2.32 4.33 2.15 3.55

 Northern.......................................... 3.69 2.04 5.03 0.85 4.63

 Central ............................................ 2.94 2.59 4.05 2.18 3.09

 Southern.......................................... 1.21 - 2.66 - 2.63

Interior Total ................................... 3.12 1.36 3.64 - 3.19

 Illinois Basin .................................. 4.00 2.25 3.64 - 3.93

Western Total .................................. 5.88 - 8.81 - 8.33

 Powder River Basin........................ - ----

 Uinta Region .................................. 6.76 - 8.50 - 8.24

 

East of Miss. River .......................... 3.26 2.31 4.27 2.15 3.61

West of Miss. River ......................... 5.62 - 8.81 - 8.25

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 3.31 2.31 4.99 2.15 3.98 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

3

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

4

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 5

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods, or a 50/50 percent conventional/conventional split in mining method. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand alone mines. Productivity 

is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, 

maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation plants with 

less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 45

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2004 

 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range 

State, Region1, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total2

Alabama ...................................................... 2.70 3.50 3.36 2.37 2.51 3.03 * 2.70

 Underground.............................................. 2.70 - - 1.07 1.63 - - 2.62

 Surface....................................................... - 3.50 3.36 2.60 2.71 3.03 * 2.93

Alaska .......................................................... 7.27 - - - - - - 7.27

 Surface....................................................... 7.27 - - - - - - 7.27

Arizona ........................................................ 8.40 - - - - - - 8.03

 Surface....................................................... 8.40 - - - - - - 8.03

Arkansas...................................................... - - - - - - * *

 Underground.............................................. - - - - - - * *

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - 1.55 1.55

Colorado...................................................... 9.45 6.26 4.83 - - - - 9.10

 Underground.............................................. 10.02 6.26 4.03 - - - - 9.52

 Surface....................................................... 8.11 - 7.62 - - - - 8.09

Illinois .......................................................... 4.08 4.01 - - 6.13 1.86 - 3.97

 Underground.............................................. 3.85 3.37 - - - - - 3.74

 Surface....................................................... 6.51 10.58 - - 6.13 1.86 - 5.84

Indiana......................................................... 5.26 5.21 5.45 - 3.63 14.48 - 5.05

 Underground.............................................. 3.55 4.56 3.86 - - - - 3.68

 Surface....................................................... 6.37 5.87 5.98 - 3.63 14.48 - 5.95

Kansas.......................................................... - - - - 2.42 - - 2.42

 Surface....................................................... - - - - 2.42 - - 2.42

Kentucky Total ........................................... 4.45 4.21 3.52 2.82 2.49 2.36 * 3.32

 Underground.............................................. 4.28 3.91 3.22 2.77 2.34 2.09 * 3.17

 Surface....................................................... 4.97 4.63 4.12 2.91 2.78 2.66 * 3.60

 Eastern....................................................... 4.26 4.16 3.51 2.74 2.47 2.36 * 3.13

 Underground.............................................. 3.86 3.91 3.25 2.74 2.34 2.09 * 2.90

 Surface....................................................... 4.81 4.53 4.05 2.74 2.73 2.66 * 3.50

 Western...................................................... 4.69 5.71 3.70 3.95 5.92 - * 4.38

 Underground.............................................. 4.59 - 1.77 3.22 - - - 4.27

 Surface....................................................... 6.89 5.71 4.99 4.72 5.92 - * 5.02

Louisiana ..................................................... 7.66 8.28 - - - - - 7.74

 Surface....................................................... 7.66 8.28 - - - - - 7.74

Maryland..................................................... 7.54 6.00 4.54 4.75 2.84 1.30 * 5.11

 Underground.............................................. 7.54 - - 3.41 2.80 - - 5.98

 Surface....................................................... - 6.00 4.54 6.73 2.85 1.30 1.38 4.06

Mississippi ................................................... 8.49 - - - - - - 8.49

 Surface....................................................... 8.49 - - - - - - 8.49

Missouri....................................................... - - 10.88 11.28 - - - 11.10

 Surface....................................................... - - 10.88 11.28 - - - 11.10

Montana ...................................................... 27.56 - 16.45 1.57 - - - 25.72

 Underground.............................................. - - - 1.57 - - - 1.57

 Surface....................................................... 27.56 - 16.45 - - - - 27.38

New Mexico................................................. 10.85 - - - - - - 9.74

 Underground.............................................. 12.56 - - - - - - 11.19

 Surface....................................................... 10.30 - - - - - - 9.27

North Dakota .............................................. 17.06 - - - - - - 17.06

 Surface....................................................... 17.06 - - - - - - 17.06

Ohio.............................................................. 4.93 3.97 3.90 2.37 1.15 1.85 * 3.78

 Underground.............................................. 4.93 - 4.70 1.51 - - - 4.53

 Surface....................................................... - 3.99 3.74 2.52 1.15 1.85 * 2.99

Oklahoma.................................................... - - 3.79 4.00 4.89 - 0.77 3.83

 Underground.............................................. - - 3.26 - - - - 3.26

 Surface....................................................... - - 4.04 4.00 4.89 - 0.77 4.04

Pennsylvania Total ..................................... 5.21 4.34 4.26 2.69 2.67 2.49 * 3.99

 Underground.............................................. 5.21 5.23 5.33 1.89 3.85 1.04 * 4.72

 Surface....................................................... - 2.63 3.66 2.90 2.64 2.77 * 2.43

 Anthracite.................................................. - - 2.38 1.83 2.06 1.98 * 0.97

 Underground.............................................. - - - 1.63 - 0.95 * 0.67

 Surface....................................................... - - 2.38 1.96 2.06 2.28 * 1.07

 Bituminous ................................................ 5.21 4.34 4.37 2.93 2.79 2.81 * 4.34

 Underground.............................................. 5.21 5.23 5.33 2.07 3.85 1.14 * 4.87

 Surface....................................................... - 2.63 3.77 3.08 2.76 3.06 * 2.89

Tennessee..................................................... - 2.51 2.82 3.11 2.12 2.44 * 2.36

 Underground.............................................. - - 3.63 3.22 2.81 2.11 * 2.29

 Surface....................................................... - 2.51 2.56 3.04 1.87 2.83 * 2.39

Texas............................................................ 9.45 - - - - 0.65 - 9.34

 Surface....................................................... 9.45 - - - - 0.65 - 9.34

Utah.............................................................. 8.45 3.28 3.76 2.69 - - - 6.75

 Underground.............................................. 8.45 3.28 3.76 2.69 - - - 6.81

 

See footnotes at end of table. 
46 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Mine Production Range, 2004 (Continued) 

 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Coal-Producing Mine Production Range 

State, Region 1, 

and Mine Type 1,000 and 

Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 

Total 2

Utah (continued) 

 Surface....................................................... - - - - - - - -

Virginia........................................................ 4.12 3.88 3.36 2.67 2.36 1.85 * 2.95

 Underground.............................................. 4.13 3.74 3.21 2.62 2.46 1.50 * 2.83

 Surface....................................................... 4.10 4.05 3.60 2.88 2.16 2.69 * 3.22

Washington ................................................. 4.30 - - - - - - 4.30

 Surface....................................................... 4.30 - - - - - - 4.30

West Virginia Total.................................... 5.14 4.54 3.91 3.08 2.76 2.25 * 4.03

 Underground.............................................. 4.76 3.84 3.78 2.85 2.61 2.19 * 3.72

 Surface....................................................... 5.96 5.46 4.20 3.76 3.32 2.31 * 4.65

 Northern ................................................... 4.96 3.83 4.30 3.93 2.76 2.28 * 4.39

 Underground.............................................. 4.89 3.14 4.26 3.66 2.36 * * 4.40

 Surface....................................................... 5.88 7.01 4.70 5.81 3.05 3.29 * 4.35

 Southern ................................................... 5.25 4.69 3.87 2.94 2.76 2.25 * 3.91

 Underground.............................................. 4.63 4.07 3.70 2.69 2.63 2.49 * 3.38

 Surface....................................................... 5.97 5.34 4.19 3.60 3.49 2.00 * 4.68

Wyoming ..................................................... 39.28 18.08 - - - 1.46 * 38.83

 Underground.............................................. - - - - - 2.87 - 2.87

 Surface....................................................... 39.28 18.08 - - - 0.64 * 38.88

 

Appalachian Total...................................... 4.67 4.23 3.70 2.76 2.46 2.28 * 3.56

 Underground.............................................. 4.45 4.05 3.58 2.65 2.44 1.87 * 3.53

 Surface....................................................... 5.53 4.43 3.84 2.88 2.48 2.55 * 3.61

 Northern.................................................... 5.13 4.20 4.16 2.81 2.31 2.30 * 4.10

 Underground.............................................. 5.11 4.44 4.87 2.54 2.68 0.93 * 4.61

 Surface....................................................... 5.88 3.96 3.75 2.91 2.27 2.54 * 2.89

 Central....................................................... 4.84 4.26 3.59 2.79 2.50 2.24 * 3.40

 Underground.............................................. 4.34 3.94 3.39 2.71 2.45 2.02 * 3.07

 Surface....................................................... 5.51 4.67 3.94 2.94 2.59 2.53 * 3.93

 Southern .................................................... 2.70 3.50 3.36 2.37 2.51 3.03 * 2.70

 Underground.............................................. 2.70 - - 1.07 1.63 - - 2.62

 Surface....................................................... - 3.50 3.36 2.60 2.71 3.03 * 2.93

Interior Total .............................................. 5.79 5.04 4.57 4.73 4.54 1.39 * 5.47

 Underground.............................................. 4.04 4.01 2.97 3.22 - - * 3.88

 Surface....................................................... 8.10 6.26 5.26 5.68 4.54 1.39 * 7.37

 Illinois Basin.............................................. 4.60 4.93 4.78 3.95 5.16 4.05 * 4.45

 Underground.............................................. 4.04 4.01 2.82 3.22 - - - 3.90

 Surface....................................................... 6.41 6.10 5.65 4.72 5.16 4.05 * 5.80

Western Total ............................................. 22.69 5.91 4.54 2.07 - 1.46 * 21.28

 Underground.............................................. 9.67 4.07 3.84 2.07 - 2.87 - 8.33

 Surface....................................................... 26.49 18.08 10.27 - - 0.64 * 25.90

 Powder River Basin.................................. 42.09 - - - - - - 42.09

 Surface....................................................... 42.09 - - - - - - 42.09

 Uinta Region ............................................. 9.09 4.07 3.94 2.69 - - - 8.19

 Underground.............................................. 9.33 4.07 3.94 2.69 - - - 8.24

 Surface....................................................... 8.11 - - - - - - 7.93

 

East of Miss. River ..................................... 4.68 4.30 3.73 2.79 2.50 2.29 * 3.71

 Underground.............................................. 4.34 4.04 3.57 2.67 2.44 1.87 * 3.59

 Surface....................................................... 5.88 4.59 3.95 2.93 2.57 2.57 * 3.94

West of Miss. River .................................... 20.36 6.23 4.41 3.45 3.64 0.97 * 19.01

 Underground.............................................. 9.67 4.07 3.74 2.07 - 2.87 * 8.22

 Surface....................................................... 22.82 12.75 5.77 7.10 3.64 0.65 * 22.05

 

Subtotal........................................................ 9.90 4.35 3.77 2.81 2.52 2.25 * 6.80

 Underground.............................................. 4.91 4.04 3.58 2.64 2.44 1.88 * 3.96

 Surface....................................................... 16.90 4.71 4.02 3.00 2.60 2.49 * 10.57

 

Refuse Recovery ......................................... - - 7.90 12.70 6.21 4.21 0.57 5.73

 

U.S. Total.................................................... . 9.90 4.35 3.77 2.82 2.56 2.28 * 6.80

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

2

 Includes all employees at preparation plants and tipples not co-located with a mine. 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, 

development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during 

the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 47

Table 24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2004 

 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) 

Union Nonunion Coal-Producing 

State and Region1

Underground Surface Underground Surface 

Alabama................................................ 2.67 - 1.04 2.96

Alaska................................................... - 7.27 - -

Arizona ................................................. - 8.03 - -

Colorado ............................................... 7.83 6.15 9.71 9.89

Illinois................................................... 3.73 - 3.76 6.39

Indiana.................................................. - 4.66 3.74 6.09

Kansas .................................................. - - - 2.42

Kentucky Total..................................... 3.05 3.50 3.20 3.63

 Eastern................................................ 0.58 3.86 2.95 3.51

 Western............................................... 3.55 - 4.52 5.26

Louisiana .............................................. - - - 7.74

Maryland .............................................. - - 5.98 4.15

Mississippi............................................ - - - 8.49

Missouri................................................ - - - 11.10

Montana................................................ - 23.22 1.57 46.58

New Mexico ......................................... 11.19 8.62 - 11.31

North Dakota ........................................ - 14.82 - 17.92

Ohio...................................................... 3.63 3.36 5.12 2.97

Oklahoma ............................................. - - 3.26 4.11

Pennsylvania Total ............................... 3.80 1.18 5.79 2.64

 Anthracite ........................................... - 0.68 0.72 1.29

 Bituminous ......................................... 3.80 2.31 6.13 2.97

Tennessee ............................................. - - 2.30 2.39

Texas .................................................... - 9.63 - 8.85

Utah ...................................................... 4.21 - 7.85 -

Virginia................................................. 2.26 3.66 2.96 3.20

Washington........................................... - 4.30 - -

West Virginia Total.............................. 3.93 3.97 3.59 4.82

 Northern.............................................. 4.96 - 3.17 4.41

 Southern.............................................. 2.69 3.97 3.68 4.87

Wyoming.............................................. 2.87 8.74 - 42.96

Appalachian Total.............................. 3.46 3.52 3.59 3.65

 Northern............................................. 4.30 1.91 5.04 3.02

 Central ............................................... 2.52 3.94 3.18 3.95

 Southern............................................. 2.67 - 1.04 2.96

Interior Total ...................................... 3.66 8.76 4.01 6.78

 Illinois Basin ..................................... 3.66 3.72 4.02 6.02

Western Total ..................................... 7.28 10.12 8.73 36.99

 Powder River Basin........................... - 23.36 - 44.58

 Uinta Region ..................................... 5.16 6.00 9.02 9.50

East of Miss. River ............................. 3.49 3.55 3.66 4.02

West of Miss. River ............................ 7.28 9.98 8.60 31.57

U.S. Total............................................. 3.72 8.35 4.09 11.28 

1

 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 

 Note: • Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, 

processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal 

and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
48 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 49

Domestic Markets 
50 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2004 

 Company Name Plant Location 

Top Ten Manufacturers

 Alcoa Inc (Aluminum Company of America) (IN)(TX)

 Archer Daniels Midland (IA)(IL)(MN)(ND)

 Dakota Coal Company (ND)

 Dakota Gasification Company (ND)

 Eastman Chemical Company (AR)(NY)(SC)(TN)

 Eastman Kodak Company (AR)(NY)(SC)(TN)

 Georgia-Pacific Corp (AL)(GA)(OK)(VA)(WI)

 International Paper Co (AL)(FL)(GA)(IN)(LA)(MI)(MN)(NC)(SC)(VA)(WI)

 Lafarge North America (AL)(GA)(IA)(IL)(KS)(MI)(MO)(NY)(OK)(PA)(SC)(WA)

 Mead Westvaco Corporation (MD)(MI)(OH)(SC)(VA)

Other Major Manufacturers

 Abitibi Consolidated Sales Corp (AZ)

 Aluminum Co of America (IN)(TX)

 Amalgamated Sugar Co, LLC (ID)

 American Crystal Sugar Co (MN)(ND)

 Ash Grove Cement Co (AR)(KS)(MT)(NE)(UT)

 Blue Ridge Paper Prod Inc (NC)

 Bowater Newsprint (AL)(TN)

 California Portland Cement Co (AZ)(CA)

 Cargill Incorporated (AL)(GA)(IA)(MI)(NC)(NY)(OH)(TN)

 Carmeuse North American Group (AL)(IL)(IN)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)

 Celanese Ltd (TX)

 Cemex, Inc (AL)(CO)(GA)(KY)(MI)(OH)(PA)(TN)(TX)

 Central Power & Lime Inc (FL)

 Cinergy Solutions (VA)

 Corn Products International (IL)(NC)

 E I DuPont DE Nemours & Co (DE)(MS)(NC)(SC)(TN)(WV)

 ESSROC Materials Inc (IN)(MD)(PA)

 FMC Corporation (WY)

 General Chemical Corporation (WY)

 Holcim Inc (AL)(CO)(IA)(MI)(MS)(SC)(UT)

 IMC Chemical Co (CA)

 Ispat US Holdings BV (IN)

 Kennecott Utah Copper (UT)

 Lehigh Cement Co (AL)(IA)(IN)(MD)(PA)

 PPG Industries Inc (WV)

 Silver Bay Power Company (MN)

 Smurfit Stone Container Corp (FL)(MI)(SC)(VA)

 Stora Enso North America (WI)

 TXI Operations, LP (TX)

 Weyerhaeuser Inc (AL)(NC)(PA)(WA)

Top Ten Coke Producers

 AK Steel Corp (KY)(OH)

 Bethlehem Steel Corp (IN)

 DTE Energy Services (IN)(MI)

 Drummond Company Inc (AL)

 Indiana Harbor Coke Co LP (IN)

 Jewell Coke Company LP (VA)

 National Steel Corp (IL)(MI)

 U S Steel Mining Company LLC (IN)(PA)

 United States Steel Corporation (IL)(IN)(PA)

 Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp (WV) 

 Note: • Major manufactures are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturing sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. 

Manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Manufacturers: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report, Manufacturing Plants;" and, Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, 

"Coke Plant Report - Quarterly." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 51

Table 26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2004, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2004 2003 Total 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke 

Residential 

and 

Commercial 

2004 2003 Percent 

Change 

New England........................ 8,316 171 - 65 8,200 176 - 65 8,552 8,440 1.3

 Connecticut ........................ 2,132 - - W 2,051 - - W W W 3.9

 Maine ................................. 168 W - W 164 W - W 286 285 0.5

 Massachusetts..................... 4,357 W - W 4,390 W - W 4,463 4,498 -0.8

 New Hampshire.................. 1,660 - - W 1,595 - - W W W 4.0

 Rhode Island ...................... - - - W --- W W W -

 Vermont ............................. - - - W --- W W W -

Middle Atlantic.................... 65,829 W W W 64,752 W W W 78,275 77,496 1.0

 New Jersey ......................... 4,429 W - W 4,180 W - W 4,440 4,191 5.9

 New York........................... 9,702 1,165 W 84 9,646 1,100 W 84 W W 1.1

 Pennsylvania ...................... 51,698 3,100 W 700 50,926 3,046 W 700 W W 0.7

East North Central.............. 228,619 14,948 11,322 1,013 224,317 14,401 11,410 1,013 255,902 251,141 1.9

 Illinois ................................ 54,078 3,503 W 266 50,180 3,444 W 266 W W 7.2

 Indiana................................ 59,459 5,766 7,989 357 58,493 5,298 8,008 357 73,571 72,156 2.0

 Michigan ............................ 35,312 1,949 W 32 34,101 1,834 W 32 W W 3.4

 Ohio.................................... 54,994 1,963 W 203 57,224 2,101 W 203 W W -3.9

 Wisconsin........................... 24,777 1,766 - 155 24,319 1,723 - 155 26,698 26,197 1.9

West North Central............. 147,353 12,161 - 659 148,897 12,705 - 659 160,173 162,261 -1.3

 Iowa.................................... 21,873 2,984 - 289 21,680 2,898 - 289 25,147 24,867 1.1

 Kansas ................................ 22,139 203 - * 22,580 158 - * 22,342 22,738 -1.7

 Minnesota........................... 20,070 1,312 - 1 20,729 1,268 - 1 21,383 21,999 -2.8

 Missouri ............................. 44,379 1,060 - 192 43,835 1,001 - 192 45,632 45,028 1.3

 Nebraska............................. 12,650 371 - 5 12,725 385 - 5 13,025 13,115 -0.7

 North Dakota...................... 23,915 W - W 25,173 W - W 29,997 31,970 -6.2

 South Dakota...................... 2,328 W - W 2,174 W - W 2,646 2,543 4.1

South Atlantic...................... 173,685 W W W 172,034 W W W 187,466 186,247 0.7

 Delaware ............................ 2,055 W - W 1,787 W - W 2,174 1,887 15.2

 District of Columbia .......... - - - W --- W W W -

 Florida ................................ 27,644 1,062 - 8 28,331 1,111 - 8 28,714 29,450 -2.5

 Georgia............................... 36,094 1,770 - - 33,350 1,761 - - 37,863 35,111 7.8

 Maryland ............................ 11,576 1,357 - 6 11,780 1,254 - 6 12,938 13,039 -0.8

 North Carolina.................... 29,922 1,437 - 130 29,403 1,590 - 130 31,489 31,124 1.2

 South Carolina.................... 15,557 1,794 - - 14,714 1,983 - - 17,351 16,697 3.9

 Virginia .............................. 14,882 2,178 W 105 15,201 2,221 W 105 W W -1.9

 West Virginia ..................... 35,956 1,448 W 43 37,468 1,402 W 43 W W -4.1

East South Central.............. 109,208 W 2,644 W 106,855 W 2,541 W 118,921 116,502 2.1

 Alabama ............................. 35,083 2,115 W 3 35,600 2,055 W 3 W W -1.5

 Kentucky ............................ 39,342 1,222 W 203 38,521 1,210 W 203 W W 2.6

 Mississippi ......................... 9,950 W - W 9,545 W - W 10,110 9,691 4.3

 Tennessee........................... 24,832 3,233 - 134 23,189 3,354 - 134 28,198 26,677 5.7

West South Central............. 153,350 W - W 151,622 5,380 - 141 158,899 157,143 1.1

 Arkansas............................. 15,318 415 - - 14,310 417 - - 15,733 14,726 6.8

 Louisiana............................ 15,975 W - W 15,462 W - W 16,116 15,592 3.4

 Oklahoma ........................... 20,294 714 - 1 21,580 W - W 21,008 22,283 -5.7

 Texas .................................. 101,763 4,138 - 140 100,269 4,132 - 140 106,042 104,542 1.4

Mountain.............................. 118,830 4,244 - 458 116,579 4,075 - 458 123,531 121,112 2.0

 Arizona............................... 20,060 738 - 1 19,378 681 - 1 20,799 20,059 3.7

 Colorado............................. 19,251 W - W 19,596 W - W 19,817 20,153 -1.7

 Idaho................................... - 583 - 14 - 490 - 14 596 503 18.5

 Montana ............................. 11,322 W - W 11,032 W - W 11,416 11,127 2.6

 Nevada ............................... 8,502 W - W 7,869 W - W 8,728 8,095 7.8

 New Mexico....................... 16,661 W - W 16,542 W - W 16,744 16,625 0.7

 Utah.................................... 16,606 583 - 61 16,302 611 - 61 17,251 16,975 1.6

 Wyoming............................ 26,428 1,653 - 100 25,861 1,614 - 100 28,181 27,575 2.2

Pacific ................................... 11,077 2,139 - 474 11,860 2,185 - 474 13,690 14,519 -5.7

 Alaska................................. 393 W - W 342 W - W 842 790 6.5

 California ........................... 924 1,936 - * 890 1,976 - * 2,860 2,866 -0.2

 Hawaii ................................ 804 W - W 785 W - W 857 837 2.4

 Oregon................................ 2,077 W - W 2,533 W - W 2,141 2,598 -17.6

 Washington ........................ 6,879 W - W 7,311 W - W 6,989 7,427 -5.9

U.S. Total ............................. 1,016,268 61,235 23,670 4,236 1,005,116 61,261 24,248 4,236 1,105,409 1,094,861 1.0 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants 

 * = The unit of measure is less than 0.5 or percent change is less than 0.1%. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Other industrial and residential and commercial sector data for 2004 are preliminary. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants," Form 

EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly," Form EIA-6A, "Coal Distribution Report," Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and, Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power 

Plant Report." 
52 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division, 2004, 2003 

 (Thousand Short Tons) 

2004 2003 Total 

Census Division 

Electric 

Power1

Other 

Industrial Coke Producer and

DistributorP

Electric 

Power 1

Other 

Industrial Coke Producer and 

Distributor 2004 2003 Percent 

Change 

New England........................ 807 42 - - 786 42 - - 849 828 2.5

Middle Atlantic.................... 5,709 447 W 3,003 5,297 377 W 2,502 W W 12.7

East North Central.............. 28,734 1,285 681 1,600 32,740 1,346 382 1,839 32,300 36,307 -11.0

West North Central............. 19,417 1,047 - 2,832 20,804 1,183 - 2,441 23,296 24,428 -4.6

South Atlantic ...................... 17,211 920 W 11,131 19,094 614 W 8,893 W W 2.3

East South Central .............. 8,126 365 182 4,596 12,901 353 143 4,854 13,269 18,251 -27.3

West South Central ............. 14,882 285 - 1,870 17,800 257 - 2,326 17,037 20,382 -16.4

Mountain .............................. 10,627 267 - 16,077 10,799 344 - 15,355 26,971 26,498 1.8

Pacific ................................... 1,155 186 - 89 1,347 202 - 67 1,430 1,616 -11.5

U.S. Total.............................. 106,669 4,842 1,344 41,198 121,567 4,718 905 38,277 154,053 165,468 -6.9 

1

 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary 

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 P = Preliminary data. 

 Note: • Stocks data for residential and commercial sector are not collected by EIA. Electric power sector data is preliminary. Totals may not equal sum of components 

because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants," Form 

EIA-5, "Coke Plants Report - Quarterly," and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 53

Average Mine Sales Price 
54 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2004, 2003 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

2004 2003 Percent Change Coal-Producing 

State 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Alabama........................................ 41.69 41.84 41.73 33.36 35.03 33.75 25.0 19.4 23.7

Alaska........................................... - W W - W W - W W

Arizona ......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Colorado ....................................... 17.55 19.54 18.10 17.35 20.72 18.21 1.2 -5.7 -0.6

Illinois........................................... 26.07 23.84 25.72 23.98 24.81 24.13 8.7 -3.9 6.6

Indiana.......................................... 27.03 21.96 23.27 26.74 21.25 22.48 1.1 3.3 3.5

Kansas .......................................... - W W - W W - W W

Kentucky Total............................. 32.34 33.41 32.74 28.10 28.23 28.15 15.1 18.4 16.3

 Eastern........................................ 35.56 34.60 35.15 29.83 29.03 29.49 19.2 19.2 19.2

 Western....................................... 23.77 22.87 23.60 22.23 21.44 22.05 6.9 6.7 7.0

Louisiana ...................................... - W W - W W - W W

Maryland ...................................... W W 24.58 W W 22.66 W W 8.5

Mississippi.................................... - W W - W W - W W

Missouri........................................ - W W - W W - W W

Montana........................................ W W 10.09 W W 9.42 W W 7.0

New Mexico ................................. W W 24.09 W W 23.18 W W 3.9

North Dakota ................................ - 9.67 9.67 - 8.76 8.76 - 10.4 10.4

Ohio.............................................. 23.64 24.12 23.82 21.58 22.90 22.10 9.5 5.3 7.8

Oklahoma ..................................... W W 28.36 W W 28.32 W W 0.2

Pennsylvania Total ....................... 29.93 34.27 30.77 26.43 28.23 26.75 13.3 21.4 15.0

 Anthracite ................................... 52.52 37.96 39.77 45.66 50.73 49.87 15.0 -25.2 -20.3

 Bituminous ................................. 29.85 33.80 30.54 26.35 25.98 26.29 13.3 30.1 16.2

Tennessee ..................................... 43.54 31.79 34.70 32.92 27.80 29.09 32.3 14.3 19.3

Texas ............................................ - 15.39 15.39 - 14.76 14.76 - 4.3 4.3

Utah .............................................. 17.39 - 17.39 W W 17.08 W W 1.8

Virginia......................................... 38.85 37.93 38.51 30.32 30.28 30.30 28.1 25.3 27.1

West Virginia Total...................... 35.63 35.09 35.41 30.72 29.00 30.02 16.0 21.0 18.0

 Northern...................................... 27.98 31.25 28.39 25.61 26.36 25.74 9.2 18.6 10.3

 Southern...................................... 40.13 35.41 37.76 32.96 29.25 31.19 21.8 21.1 21.1

Wyoming...................................... - 7.12 7.12 - 6.74 6.74 - 5.5 5.5

 

U.S. Total..................................... 30.36 14.75 19.93 26.71 13.42 17.85 13.7 9.9 11.6 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 55

Table 29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2004 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Continuous1

 Conventional2 Longwall3 Other4 Total 

Alabama............................................. W - W - 41.69

Colorado ............................................ W - W - 17.55

Illinois................................................ W - W - 26.07

Indiana............................................... 27.03 - - - 27.03

Kentucky Total.................................. W 33.46 W 41.08 32.34

 Eastern............................................. W W W 41.08 35.56

 Western............................................ W W - - 23.77

Maryland ........................................... W - W - W

Montana............................................. W --- W

New Mexico ...................................... - - W - W

Ohio................................................... W - W - 23.64

Oklahoma .......................................... W --- W

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 31.94 40.28 W W 29.93

 Anthracite ........................................ W W - W 52.52

 Bituminous ...................................... W W W - 29.85

Tennessee .......................................... 43.54 - - - 43.54

Utah ................................................... 21.08 - 17.15 - 17.39

Virginia.............................................. 38.29 W W - 38.85

West Virginia Total........................... 37.86 W 33.69 W 35.63

 Northern........................................... 21.80 W 28.47 - 27.98

 Southern........................................... 38.81 - 43.04 W 40.13

Wyoming........................................... - ----

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 31.90 36.03 28.88 42.04 30.36 

1

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 

2

 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods. 

3

 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. 4

 Mines that produce coal using shortwall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other mining methods, or a 50/50 percent conventional/conventional split in mining method. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
56 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2004 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Alabama ...................................................... 44 21,436 41.73

 Cullman ..................................................... 2 W W

 Franklin ..................................................... 1 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 2 W W

 Jefferson .................................................... 13 W W

 Marion ....................................................... 1 W W

 Shelby........................................................ 1 W W

 Tuscaloosa................................................. 9 11,230 36.05

 Walker....................................................... 13 2,546 39.44

 Winston ..................................................... 2 W W

Alaska .......................................................... 1WW

 Yukon-Koyukuk Division......................... 1 W W

Arizona ........................................................ 2WW

 Navajo ....................................................... 2 W W

Colorado...................................................... 13 36,566 18.10

 Delta .......................................................... 2 W W

 Garfield...................................................... 1 W W

 Gunnison ................................................... 2 W W

 La Plata...................................................... 1 W W

 Moffat........................................................ 3 W W

 Montrose.................................................... 1 W W

 Rio Blanco................................................. 1--

 Routt .......................................................... 2 W W

Illinois .......................................................... 19 32,181 25.72

 Gallatin ...................................................... 1 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 2 W W

 Macoupin................................................... 2 W W

 Montgomery.............................................. 1 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 2 W W

 Randolph ................................................... 1 W W

 Saline......................................................... 3 W W

 Sangamon .................................................. 1 W W

 Vermilion................................................... 2 W W

 Wabash ...................................................... 2 W W

 White ......................................................... 1 W W

 Williamson ................................................ 1 W W

Indiana......................................................... 29 32,700 23.27

 Clay ........................................................... 2 W W

 Daviess ...................................................... 2 W W

 Gibson ....................................................... 7 13,366 22.28

 Greene ....................................................... 1 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 1 W W

 Knox .......................................................... 6 3,312 28.41

 Pike............................................................ 4 W W

 Spencer...................................................... 1 W W

 Sullivan...................................................... 1 W W

 Vigo........................................................... 2 W W

 Warrick...................................................... 2 W W

Kansas.......................................................... 1WW

 Bourbon..................................................... 1 W W

Kentucky ..................................................... 366 109,474 32.74

 Bell ............................................................ 11 1,206 36.31

 Boyd .......................................................... 1 W W

 Breathitt..................................................... 4 W W

 Carter......................................................... 1 W W

 Clay ........................................................... 3 W W

 Floyd.......................................................... 25 2,976 31.62

 Harlan ........................................................ 45 11,714 34.56

 Henderson.................................................. 3 W W

 Hopkins ..................................................... 7 W W

 Jackson ...................................................... 2 W W

 Johnson...................................................... 5 278 39.95

 Knott.......................................................... 37 11,011 33.55

 Knox .......................................................... 11 752 38.02

 Laurel......................................................... 1 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 5 1,694 32.74

 Lee ............................................................. 1 W W

 Leslie ......................................................... 11 4,413 35.19

 Letcher....................................................... 36 6,100 34.04

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 57

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2004 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Kentucky (continued) 

 Magoffin.................................................... 4 W W

 Martin ........................................................ 16 5,993 33.16

 Morgan ...................................................... 1 W W

 Muhlenberg ............................................... 6 W W

 Ohio........................................................... 1 W W

 Owsley....................................................... 2 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 28 11,885 35.49

 Pike............................................................ 93 26,613 37.07

 Union......................................................... 2 W W

 Webster...................................................... 2 W W

 Whitley ...................................................... 2 W W

Louisiana ..................................................... 2WW

 De Soto...................................................... 1 W W

 Red River................................................... 1 W W

Maryland..................................................... 15 5,273 24.58

 Allegany .................................................... 8 W W

 Garrett........................................................ 7 W W

Mississippi ................................................... 1WW

 Choctaw..................................................... 1 W W

Missouri....................................................... 3WW

 Bates .......................................................... 3 W W

Montana ...................................................... 6 39,399 10.09

 Big Horn.................................................... 3 W W

 Musselshell................................................ 1 W W

 Richland..................................................... 1 W W

 Rosebud..................................................... 1 W W

New Mexico................................................. 4 27,017 24.09

 Mckinley.................................................... 2 W W

 San Juan..................................................... 2 W W

North Dakota .............................................. 4 25,822 9.67

 Mclean....................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer ....................................................... 2 W W

 Oliver......................................................... 1 W W

Ohio.............................................................. 44 21,309 23.82

 Athens........................................................ 1 W W

 Belmont ..................................................... 7 W W

 Carroll........................................................ 1 W W

 Columbiana ............................................... 3 W W

 Coshocton.................................................. 1 W W

 Harrison..................................................... 7 3,257 25.08

 Jackson ...................................................... 2 W W

 Jefferson .................................................... 7 789 21.72

 Mahoning................................................... 1 W W

 Monroe ...................................................... 1 W W

 Muskingum................................................ 1 W W

 Noble ......................................................... 1 W W

 Perry .......................................................... 1 W W

 Stark........................................................... 3 W W

 Tuscarawas ................................................ 5 575 25.48

 Vinton........................................................ 2 W W

Oklahoma.................................................... 7 1,789 28.36

 Craig .......................................................... 1 W W

 Haskell....................................................... 1 W W

 Le Flore ..................................................... 4 W W

 Rogers........................................................ 1 W W

Pennsylvania ............................................... 186 62,686 30.77

 Armstrong.................................................. 20 4,161 29.01

 Beaver........................................................ 1 W W

 Blair........................................................... 1 W W

 Butler......................................................... 2 W W

 Cambria ..................................................... 7 888 51.13

 Centre ........................................................ 1 W W

 Clarion....................................................... 2 W W

 Clearfield................................................... 31 3,132 39.58

 Columbia ................................................... 3 W W

 Elk ............................................................. 6 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 6 W W

 Greene ....................................................... 11 37,146 28.31

 Indiana....................................................... 18 1,481 28.58

 Jefferson .................................................... 10 943 34.98

See footnotes at end of table. 
58 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2004 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Pennsylvania (continued) 

 Lackawanna............................................... 1 W W

 Lawrence ................................................... 1 W W

 Luzerne...................................................... 4 W W

 Lycoming................................................... 1 W W

 Mercer ....................................................... 1 W W

 Northumberland ........................................ 4 W W

 Schuylkill................................................... 25 607 31.53

 Somerset .................................................... 22 4,401 30.65

 Washington................................................ 6 W W

 Westmoreland............................................ 2 W W

Tennessee..................................................... 29 2,798 34.70

 Anderson ................................................... 4 W W

 Campbell ................................................... 6 W W

 Claiborne ................................................... 16 2,074 32.88

 Cumberland ............................................... 1 W W

 Fentress...................................................... 1 W W

 Scott........................................................... 1 W W

Texas............................................................ 13 12,964 15.39

 Atascosa..................................................... 1--

 Freestone ................................................... 1--

 Harrison..................................................... 1 W W

 Hopkins ..................................................... 1--

 Leon........................................................... 1 W W

 Milam ........................................................ 1--

 Panola ........................................................ 2--

 Robertson................................................... 1 W W

 Rusk........................................................... 1--

 Titus........................................................... 2--

 Webb ......................................................... 1 W W

Utah.............................................................. 13 18,832 17.39

 Carbon ....................................................... 6 9,647 19.95

 Emery ........................................................ 6 W W

 Sevier......................................................... 1 W W

Virginia........................................................ 116 21,206 38.51

 Buchanan................................................... 30 7,071 40.07

 Dickenson.................................................. 17 735 42.86

 Lee ............................................................. 3 W W

 Russell ....................................................... 8 284 49.73

 Tazewell .................................................... 6 1,108 49.49

 Wise........................................................... 52 11,473 36.57

Washington ................................................. 1--

 Lewis ......................................................... 1--

West Virginia.............................................. 235 136,070 35.41

 Barbour...................................................... 6 W W

 Boone......................................................... 38 31,754 36.20

 Clay ........................................................... 3 W W

 Fayette ....................................................... 11 3,832 44.37

 Grant.......................................................... 2 W W

 Greenbrier.................................................. 2 W W

 Harrison..................................................... 6 W W

 Kanawha.................................................... 19 14,570 35.03

 Lincoln....................................................... 3--

 Logan......................................................... 18 11,045 37.04

 Marion ....................................................... 2 W W

 Marshall..................................................... 2 W W

 Mcdowell................................................... 33 4,471 43.71

 Mineral ...................................................... 2 W W

 Mingo ........................................................ 23 13,218 37.47

 Monongalia................................................ 7 W W

 Nicholas..................................................... 4 W W

 Preston....................................................... 3 W W

 Raleigh....................................................... 18 4,109 43.59

 Upshur....................................................... 6 W W

 Wayne........................................................ 5 W W

 Webster...................................................... 5 W W

 Wyoming................................................... 17 4,593 53.24

Wyoming ..................................................... 19 378,123 7.12

 Campbell ................................................... 12 340,562 6.87

 Carbon ....................................................... 1 W W

 Converse.................................................... 1 W W

See footnotes at end of table. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 59

Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2004 (Continued) 

 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price 

Wyoming (continued) 

 Lincoln....................................................... 1 W W

 Sweetwater ................................................ 4 W W

U.S. Total.................................................... . 1,173 1,006,807 19.93

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
60 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2004 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Anthracite Total 

Alabama............................................. 41.73 - - - 41.73

Alaska................................................ - W - - W

Arizona .............................................. W --- W

Colorado ............................................ W W - - 18.10

Illinois................................................ 25.72 - - - 25.72

Indiana............................................... 23.27 - - - 23.27

Kansas ............................................... W --- W

Kentucky Total.................................. 32.74 - - - 32.74

 Eastern............................................. 35.15 - - - 35.15

 Western............................................ 23.60 - - - 23.60

Louisiana ........................................... - - W - W

Maryland ........................................... 24.58 - - - 24.58

Mississippi......................................... - - W - W

Missouri............................................. W --- W

Montana............................................. - W W - 10.09

New Mexico ...................................... W W - - 24.09

North Dakota ..................................... - - 9.67 - 9.67

Ohio................................................... 23.82 - - - 23.82

Oklahoma .......................................... 28.36 - - - 28.36

Pennsylvania Total ............................ 30.54 - - 39.77 30.77

 Anthracite ........................................ - - - 39.77 39.77

 Bituminous ...................................... 30.54 - - - 30.54

Tennessee .......................................... 34.70 - - - 34.70

Texas ................................................. W - W - 15.39

Utah ................................................... 17.39 - - - 17.39

Virginia.............................................. 38.51 - - - 38.51

West Virginia Total........................... 35.41 - - - 35.41

 Northern........................................... 28.39 - - - 28.39

 Southern........................................... 37.76 - - - 37.76

Wyoming........................................... W W - - 7.12

 

U.S. Total.......................................... 30.56 8.12 12.27 39.77 19.93 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 61

Table 32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2004 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Mine Production Range 

(thousand short tons) Underground Surface Total 

Over 1,000.................................................... 28.58 11.65 16.68

500 to 1,000.................................................. 33.30 32.76 33.02

200 to 500..................................................... 35.56 33.59 34.58

100 to 200..................................................... 36.96 35.14 36.07

50 to 100....................................................... 37.03 33.28 35.15

10 to 50......................................................... 42.03 33.23 36.04

U.S. Total..................................................... 30.36 14.75 19.93 

 Note: • Open market includes all coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the 

total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not 

required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
62 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2004 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

Coal-Producing 

State Open Market1

 Captive2

Alabama......................................................................................... 41.73 -

Alaska............................................................................................ W -

Arizona .......................................................................................... W -

Colorado ........................................................................................ 18.10 26.17

Illinois............................................................................................ 25.72 -

Indiana........................................................................................... 23.27 22.75

Kansas ........................................................................................... W -

Kentucky Total.............................................................................. 32.74 29.06

 Eastern......................................................................................... 35.15 29.82

 Western........................................................................................ 23.60 25.31

Louisiana ....................................................................................... W W

Maryland ....................................................................................... 24.58 41.74

Mississippi..................................................................................... W -

Missouri......................................................................................... W -

Montana......................................................................................... 10.09 6.71

New Mexico .................................................................................. 24.09 -

North Dakota ................................................................................. 9.67 7.47

Ohio............................................................................................... 23.82 18.66

Oklahoma ...................................................................................... 28.36 -

Pennsylvania Total ........................................................................ 30.77 30.30

 Anthracite .................................................................................... 39.77 86.90

 Bituminous .................................................................................. 30.54 27.68

Tennessee ...................................................................................... 34.70 -

Texas ............................................................................................. 15.39 13.28

Utah ............................................................................................... 17.39 23.69

Virginia.......................................................................................... 38.51 41.51

Washington.................................................................................... - W

West Virginia Total....................................................................... 35.41 38.25

 Northern....................................................................................... 28.39 36.91

 Southern....................................................................................... 37.76 39.77

Wyoming....................................................................................... 7.12 12.46

U.S. Total...................................................................................... 19.93 21.46 

1

 Open market includes coal sold on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2

 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • An average open market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold, by the total open market 

coal sold. An average captive market sales price is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the captive market coal sold, by the total captive 

market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge 

operations. 

 Source: • Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 

7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 63

Average Consumer Prices 
64 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Table 34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division and State, 2004, 2003 

 (Dollars per Short Ton) 

2004 2003 Annual Percent Change 

Census Division 

and State Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

Electric 

Utility 

Plants 

Other 

Industrial 

Plants 

Coke 

Plants 

New England................................ 52.14 65.54 - 46.03 62.19 - 13.3 5.4 -

 Connecticut ................................ - W -- W - - - -

 Maine ......................................... - W -- W - - 0.8 -

 Massachusetts............................. 48.24 W - 48.30 W - -0.1 13.3 -

 New Hampshire.......................... 53.17 W - 45.16 W - 17.7 - -

 Rhode Island .............................. - W -- W - - - -

 Vermont ..................................... - W -- W - - - -

Middle Atlantic............................ 42.92 W W 39.98 W W 7.4 15.4 20.4

 New Jersey ................................. 59.88 W - 54.21 W - 10.5 7.1 -

 New York................................... 41.19 48.90 W 38.64 45.90 W 6.6 6.5 40.7

 Pennsylvania .............................. 31.81 43.57 W 31.18 36.47 W 2.0 19.5 19.4

East North Central...................... 26.69 41.22 63.30 25.56 38.04 52.94 4.4 8.3 19.6

 Illinois ........................................ 22.05 29.66 W 22.95 29.71 W -3.9 -0.2 19.5

 Indiana........................................ 25.70 40.00 64.75 24.95 36.95 54.33 3.0 8.2 19.2

 Michigan .................................... 27.15 53.14 W 26.89 46.30 W 1.0 14.8 7.8

 Ohio............................................ 31.99 47.40 W 29.03 41.32 W 10.2 14.7 34.5

 Wisconsin................................... 20.86 48.62 - 19.77 45.32 - 5.5 7.3 -

West North Central..................... 15.34 21.93 - 15.05 20.07 - 1.9 9.2 -

 Iowa............................................ 15.56 31.50 - 15.00 29.93 - 3.7 5.2 -

 Kansas ........................................ 17.74 38.19 - 17.49 36.84 - 1.4 3.7 -

 Minnesota................................... 18.78 33.27 - 18.96 31.93 - -0.9 4.2 -

 Missouri ..................................... 16.31 37.76 - 16.23 33.83 - 0.5 11.6 -

 Nebraska..................................... 11.30 24.39 - 10.39 22.82 - 8.8 6.9 -

 North Dakota.............................. 10.20 W - 9.72 W - 4.9 4.4 -

 South Dakota.............................. 23.61 W - 23.00 W - 2.7 -3.8 -

South Atlantic.............................. 43.29 W W 39.75 W W 8.9 19.2 33.8

 Delaware .................................... - W -- W - - 39.7 -

 District of Columbia .................. - W -- W - - - -

 Florida ........................................ 46.16 57.26 - 42.29 47.28 - 9.2 21.1 -

 Georgia....................................... 39.41 60.41 - 40.10 48.58 - -1.7 24.3 -

 Maryland .................................... - 50.80 - - 39.16 - - 29.7 -

 North Carolina............................ 49.26 53.14 - 44.08 47.36 - 11.8 12.2 -

 South Carolina............................ 48.00 57.37 - 40.92 48.95 - 17.3 17.2 -

 Virginia ...................................... 48.07 51.38 W 39.86 45.32 W 20.6 13.4 24.8

 West Virginia ............................. 34.13 47.21 W 31.26 38.69 W 9.2 22.0 41.0

East South Central...................... 32.22 W 59.16 30.34 W 48.20 6.2 18.5 22.7

 Alabama ..................................... 32.89 47.91 W 32.15 42.83 W 2.3 11.9 15.9

 Kentucky .................................... 32.22 51.47 W 28.91 45.52 W 11.4 13.1 35.1

 Mississippi ................................. 39.61 W - 37.41 W - 5.9 4.5 -

 Tennessee................................... 30.27 49.25 - 28.55 39.10 - 6.0 25.9 -

West South Central..................... 20.72 W - 19.61 25.63 - 5.6 W -

 Arkansas..................................... 21.49 45.81 - 20.94 46.20 - 2.6 -0.8 -

 Louisiana.................................... 21.41 W - 20.52 W - 4.3 23.7 -

 Oklahoma ................................... 17.61 33.50 - 16.63 W - 5.9 W -

 Texas .......................................... 21.82 24.25 - 20.53 22.40 - 6.3 8.3 -

Mountain...................................... 21.87 31.92 - 21.13 29.90 - 3.5 6.8 -

 Arizona....................................... 26.19 41.78 - 25.39 41.88 - 3.2 -0.2 -

 Colorado..................................... 19.09 W - 18.92 W - 0.9 4.7 -

 Idaho........................................... - 35.65 - - 35.50 - - 0.4 -

 Montana ..................................... 10.67 W - 10.56 W - 1.0 11.6 -

 Nevada ....................................... 30.28 W - 31.52 W - -3.9 16.8 -

 New Mexico............................... 27.25 W - 26.12 W - 4.3 3.3 -

 Utah............................................ 24.94 33.32 - 23.54 26.90 - 5.9 23.9 -

 Wyoming.................................... 15.28 25.23 - 14.53 24.66 - 5.2 2.3 -

Pacific ........................................... 19.91 42.94 - 21.33 41.18 - -6.7 4.3 -

 Alaska......................................... - W -- W - - - -

 California ................................... - 42.40 - - 40.60 - - 4.4 -

 Hawaii ........................................ - W -- W - - 0.1 -

 Oregon........................................ 19.91 W - 21.33 W - -6.7 3.1 -

 Washington ................................ - W -- W - - 15.8 -

U.S. Total ..................................... 27.30 39.30 61.50 25.82 34.70 50.63 5.7 13.2 21.5 

 W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

 Note: • Includes manufacturing plants only. 

 Source: • Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants, Energy Information 

Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants," and Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report - Quarterly." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 65

Glossary 

American Indian Coal Lease: A lease granted to a 

mining company to produce coal from American Indian 

lands in exchange for royalties and other revenues; 

obtained by direct negotiation with Indian tribal 

authorities, but subject to approval and administration by 

the U.S. Department of the Interior. 

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for 

residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, 

brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard 

coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a 

low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content 

of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 

percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 

28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed 

in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short 

ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both 

inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 

1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for 

steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a 

heat content of 15 million Btu per short ton or less. 

Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Area (Surface) Mining: A method used on flat terrain to 

recover coal by mining long cuts or pits successively. 

The material excavated from the cut being mined is 

deposited in the cut previously mined. 

Auger Mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered 

through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a 

coalbed in a hillside. It usually follows contour surface 

mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to 

excavate. 

Average Number of Employees: The arithmetic mean 

number of employees working each day at a mining 

operation. Includes maintenance, office, as well as 

production-related employees. 

Average Open Market Sales Price: The ratio of the 

total value of the open market sales of coal produced at 

the mine to the total open market sales tonnage. 

Average Production per Miner per Hour: The ratio of 

the total production at a mining operation to the total 

direct labor hours worked at the operation. 

Average Recovery Percentage: Average recovery 

percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be 

recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, 

averaged for all mines in the reported geographic area. 

Bed, Coalbed: All the coal and partings lying between a 

roof and floor. 

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, 

sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of 

bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also 

used for heat and power applications in manufacturing 

and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant 

coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content 

usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of 

bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton 

on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content 

of bituminous coal consumed in the United States 

averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Capacity Utilization: Capacity utilization is computed 

by dividing production by productive capacity and 

multiplying by 100. 

Captive Coal: Coal produced and consumed by the mine 

operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for example, 

steel companies and electric utilities). 

Census Divisions: The nine geographic divisions of the 

United States established by the Bureau of the Census, 

U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical analysis. 

The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State 

boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is 

subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific 

Noncontiguous areas. 

Central Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing 

Regions. 

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight. 

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black 

rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, 

consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more 

than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It 

is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, 

hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by 

heat and pressure over geologic time. 

Coal Carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed into 

solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke 

oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air. 

Coal (coke): See Coke (coal). 
66 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Coal Mining Productivity: Coal mining productivity is 

calculated by dividing total coal production by the total 

direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. 

Coal Preparation/Washing: The treatment of coal to 

reject waste. In its broadest sense, preparation is any 

processing of mined coal to prepare it for market, 

including crushing and screening or sieving the coal to 

reach a uniform size, which normally results in removal 

of some non-coal material. The term coal preparation 

most commonly refers to processing, including crushing 

and screening, passing the material through one or more 

processes to remove impurities, sizing the product, and 

loading for shipment. Many of the processes separate 

rock, clay, and other minerals from coal in a liquid 

medium; hence the term washing is widely used. In some 

cases coal passes through a drying step before loading. 

Coal-Producing Regions: A geographic classification 

of areas where coal is produced. 

Appalachian Region. Consists of Alabama, Eastern 

Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 

Virginia, and West Virginia. 

Northern Appalachian Region. Consists of Maryland, 

Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Northern West Virginia. 

Central Appalachian Region. Consists of Eastern 

Kentucky, Virginia, Southern West Virginia, and the 

Tennessee counties of: Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, 

Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, 

Putnam, Roane, and Scott. 

Southern Appalachian Region: Consists of Alabama, and 

the Tennessee counties of: Bledsoe, Coffee, Franklin, 

Grundy, Hamilton, Marion, Rhea, Sequatchie, Van 

Buren, Warren, and White. 

Interior Region (with Gulf Coast). Consists of Arkansas, 

Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, 

Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Western Kentucky. 

Illinois Basin: Consists of Illinois, Indiana, and Western 

Kentucky. 

Western Region. Consists of Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, 

Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, 

Washington, and Wyoming. 

Powder River Basin: Consists of the Montana counties 

of Big Horn, Custer, Powder River, Rosebud, and 

Treasure and the Wyoming counties of Campbell, 

Converse, Crook, Johnson, Natrona, Niobrara, Sheridan, 

and Weston. 

Uinta Basin: Consists of the Colorado counties of Delta, 

Garfield, Gunnison, Mesa, Moffat, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, 

Routt and the Utah counties of Carbon, Duchesne, 

Emery, Grand, Sanpete, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, and 

Wasatch. 

Coal-Producing States: The States where mined and/or 

purchased coal originates are defined as follows: 

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, 

Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, 

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, 

New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, 

Pennsylvania anthracite, Pennsylvania bituminous, 

Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West 

Virginia Northern, West Virginia Southern, and 

Wyoming. The following Coal-Producing States are split 

in origin of coal, as defined by: 

Kentucky, Eastern. All mines in the following counties 

in Eastern Kentucky: Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, 

Clinton, Elliot, Estill, Floyd, Greenup, Harlan, Jackson, 

Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, 

Letcher, Lewis, Magoffin, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, 

Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, 

Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Whitley, and Wolfe. 

 

Kentucky, Western. All mines in the following counties 

in Western Kentucky: Breckinridge, Butler, Caldwell, 

Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, 

Hancock, Hart, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, 

Muhlenberg, Ohio, Todd, Union, Warren, and Webster. 

Pennsylvania Anthracite. All mines in the following 

counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, 

Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, 

Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in 

Bradford County. 

Pennsylvania Bituminous. All mines located in the 

following counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, 

Bedford, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Elk, 

Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, 

Lycoming, Somerset, Venango, Washington, and 

Westmoreland, and all bituminous mines in Bradford 

County. 

West Virginia, Northern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 1, 

3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, 

Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, 

Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, 

Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, 

Tyler, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood. 

West Virginia, Southern. All mines in the following 

counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 7 

& 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, 

Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 67

Mingo, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, 

Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming. 

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their 

degree of progressive alteration from lignite to 

anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of 

coal include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous 

coal, and anthracite and are based on fixed carbon, 

volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or 

caking) properties. 

Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for 

future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are 

collected for a particular reporting period (month, 

quarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as 

of the last day of this period. 

 Coalbed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal 

seam. 

Cogenerator: A generating facility that produces 

electricity and another form of useful thermal energy 

(such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, 

heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status as a 

qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility 

Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must 

produce electric energy and "another form of useful 

thermal energy through the sequential use of energy," 

and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency 

criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory 

Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal 

Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.) 

Coke (coal): A solid carbonaceous residue derived from 

low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the 

volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven 

at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so 

that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. 

Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in 

smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is 

grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 

million Btu per short ton. 

Coke Plants: Plants where coal is carbonized in slot or 

beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke. 

Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke. 

See Coke (coal). 

Continuous Mining: A form of room-and-pillar mining 

in which a continuous mining machine extracts and 

removes coal from the working face in one operation; no 

blasting is required. 

Conventional Mining: The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations that 

involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily when 

blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then 

loading the broken coal. 

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A type of sale in which 

the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that 

includes the F.O.B. value of the product at the point of 

origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. This 

type of transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase in 

that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the 

loading port (as certified by the Bill of Loading and 

Quality Report) rather than pay on the basis of the 

quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It 

is similar to the terms of an F.O.B. sale, except that the 

seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges 

for transportation and insurance. 

Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Demonstrated Reserve Base: A collective term for the 

sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource 

categories of reliability which represents 100 percent of 

the coal in these categories in place as of a certain date. 

Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 

inches or more thick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 

inches or more thick that occur at depths to 1 thousand 

feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 inches or more thick that 

can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper 

beds that presently are being mined or for which there is 

evidence that they could be mined commercially at this 

time. Represents that portion of identified coal resources 

from which reserves are calculated. 

Direct Labor Hours: Direct labor hours worked by all 

mining employees at a mining operation during the year. 

Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in 

production, preparation, development, maintenance, 

repair, shop or yard work, management, office workers, 

and technical or engineering work. 

Dredge Mining: A method of recovering coal from 

rivers or streams. 

Drift Mine: An underground mine that has a horizontal 

or nearly horizontal entry driven along to a coalbed 

exposed in a hillside. 

Electric Power Sector: The electric power sector 

(electric utilities and independent power producers) 

comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power 

(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 

Estimated Recoverable Reserves: See recoverable 

reserves. 
68 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

F.O.B. Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of 

coal at the point of first sale. It excludes freight or 

shipping and insurance costs.

Federal Coal Lease: A lease granted to a mining 

company to produce coal from land owned and 

administered by the Federal Government in exchange for 

royalties and other revenues. 

Hand Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by manual 

labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance to the 

surface. 

Illinois Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Indicated Resources: Coal for which estimates of the 

rank, quality, and quantity have been computed partly 

from sample analyses and measurements and partly from 

reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are 

computed partly from specified measurements and partly 

from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance 

on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of 

observation are 0.5 to 1.5 miles apart. Indicated coal is 

projected to extend as a 0.5-mile-wide belt that lies more 

than 0.25 miles from the outcrop or points of observation 

or measurement. 

Industrial Sector: The industrial sector is comprised of 

manufacturing industries which make up the largest part 

of the sector, along with mining, construction, 

agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the 

sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to 

companies assembling electronic components. 

Interior Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as 

brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a 

high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 

percent The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 

million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. 

The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States 

averages 13 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis 

(i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral 

matter). 

Longwall Mining: An automated form of underground 

coal mining characterized by high recovery and 

extraction rates, feasible only in relatively flat-lying, 

thick, and uniform coalbeds. A high-powered cutting 

machine is passed across the exposed face of coal, 

shearing away broken coal, which is continuously hauled 

away by a floor-level conveyor system. Longwall mining 

extracts all machine-minable coal between the floor and 

ceiling within a contiguous block of coal, known as a 

panel, leaving no support pillars within the panel area. 

Panel dimensions vary over time and with mining 

conditions but currently average about 900 feet wide 

(coal face width) and more than 8,000 feet long (the 

minable extent of the panel, measured in direction of 

mining). Longwall mining is done under movable roof 

supports that are advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in 

the mined-out area is allowed to fall as the mining 

advances. 

Manufacturing (except coke plants): Those industrial 

users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged 

in the mechanical or chemical transformation of 

materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or 

semifinished) products. Includes coal used for 

gasification/liquifaction and coal used for coal synfuels. 

Minable: Capable of being mined under current mining 

technology and environmental and legal restrictions, 

rules, and regulations. 

Mine Type: See Surface Mine and Underground Mine. 

Northern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines 

collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a 

particular geographic area (State or region). 

Number of Mining Operations: The number of mining 

operations includes preparation plants. Mining 

operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, 

or a preparation plant only, will be counted as two 

operations if the preparation plant processes both 

underground and surface coal. 

Open Market Coal: Coal sold in the open market, i.e., 

coal sold to companies other than the reporting 

company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of 

the parent company. 

Operating Subsidiary: A company which is controlled 

through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate 

joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small 

group of businesses as a separate and specific business or 

project for the mutual benefit of the members of the 

group. 

Other Industrial Plant: Industrial users, not including 

coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or chemical 

transformation of materials or substances into new 

products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in the 

agriculture, mining, or construction industries. 

Parent Company: A company which solely or jointly 

owns the reporting company and which is not itself a 

subsidiary of, or owned by, another company. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 69

Percent Utilization: The ratio of total production to 

productive capacity, times 100. 

Powder River Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Preparation Plant: A facility at which coal is crushed, 

screened, and mechanically cleaned. 

Productive Capacity: The maximum amount of coal 

that a mining operation can produce or process during a 

period with the existing mining equipment and/or 

preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and 

materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment are 

available, and that the market exists for the maximum 

production. 

Recoverability: In reference to accessible coal 

resources, the condition of being physically, 

technologically, and economically minable. Recovery 

rates and recovery factors may be determined or 

estimated for coal resources without certain knowledge 

of their economic minability; therefore, the availability 

of recovery rates or factors does not predict 

recoverability. 

Recoverable Coal: Coal that is, or can be, extracted 

from a coal bed during mining. 

Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines: The 

amount of in situ coal that can be recovered by mining 

existing reserves at mines reporting on Form EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves, Estimated Recoverable 

Reserves: Reserve estimates (broad meaning) based on a 

demonstrated reserve base adjusted for assumed 

accessibility factors and recovery factors. The term is 

used by EIA to distinguish estimated recoverable 

reserves, which are derived without specific economic 

feasibility criteria by factoring (downward) from a 

demonstrated reserve base for one or more study areas or 

regions, from recoverable reserves at active mines, which 

are aggregated (upward) from reserve estimates reported 

by currently active, economically viable mines on Form 

EIA-7A. 

Recoverable Reserves of Coal: An estimate of the 

amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the 

accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base. 

Recovery Factor: The percentage of total tons of coal 

estimated to be recoverable from a given area in relation 

to the total tonnage estimated to be in the demonstrated 

reserve base. For the purpose of calculating depletion 

factors only, the estimated recovery factors for the 

demonstrated reserve base generally are 50 percent for 

underground mining methods and 80 percent for surface 

mining methods. More precise recovery factors can be 

computed by determining the total coal in place and the 

total coal recoverable in any specific locale. 

Recovery Percentage: The percentage of coal that can 

be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines. 

Refuse Bank: A repository for waste material generated 

by the coal cleaning process. 

Refuse Recovery: A surface mine where coal is 

recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be 

known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry 

dam, or dredge operation. 

Remaining (Resources/Reserves): The amount of coal 

in the ground after some mining, excluding coal in the 

ground spoiled or left in place for which later recovery is 

not feasible. 

Reserve(s): Root meaning: The amount of in-situ coal in 

a defined area that can be recovered by mining at a 

sustainable profit at the time of determination. Broad 

meaning: That portion of the demonstrated reserve base 

that is estimated to be recoverable at the time of 

determination. The reserve is derived by applying a 

recovery factor to that component of the identified 

resources of coal designated as the demonstrated reserve 

base. 

Residential and Commercial Sector: Housing units; 

wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale 

dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and 

educational institutions (schools and universities); and 

Federal, State, and local governments (military 

installations, prisons, office buildings). 

Royalties: Payments, in money or kind, of a stated share 

of production from mineral deposits, by the lessee to the 

lessor. Royalties may be an established minimum, a 

sliding-scale, or a step-scale. A step-scale royalty rate 

increases by steps as the average production on the lease 

increases. A sliding-scale royalty rate is based on 

average production and applies to all production from the 

lease. 

Run-of-mine: The raw coal recovered from a mine, prior 

to any treatment. 

Salable Coal: The shippable product of a coal mine or 

preparation plant. Depending on customer specifications, 

salable coal may be run-of-mine, crushed-and-screened 

(sized) coal, or the clean coal yield from a preparation 

plant. 

Sales Volume: The reported output from Federal and/or 

Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is approximately 

equivalent to production, which includes coal sold, and 

coal added to stockpiles. 
70 Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 

Scoop Loading: An underground loading method by 

which coal is removed from the working face by a tractor 

unit equipped with a hydraulically operated bucket 

attached to the front; also called a front-end loader. 

Seam: A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor. 

Equivalent term to bed, commonly used by industry. 

Shaft Mine: An underground mine that reaches the 

coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the 

passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of 

other passages are also dug, some to provide access to 

various parts of the mine and some for ventilation. 

Short Ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. 

Shortwall Mining: A form of underground mining that 

involves the use of a continuous mining machine and 

movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 

feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although 

similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally 

more flexible because of the smaller working area. 

Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because 

the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle cars as 

opposed to conveyors. 

Silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation 

plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as 

much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined 

as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat 

value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. 

Synonymous with culm. 

Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining: A 

mining operation producing coal from these sources of 

coal. (See refuse recovery.) 

Slope Mine: An underground mine in which the entry is 

driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit. 

Slurry Dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a 

preparation plant. 

Southern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or 

utility at the end of the reporting period. 

Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range 

from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and 

used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power 

generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and 

crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet 

black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. 

Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent 

moisture by weight. The heat content of 

subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per 

ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat 

content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United 

States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the asreceived basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture 

and mineral matter). 

Surface Mine: A coal mine that is usually within a few 

hundred feet of the surface. Earth and rock above or 

around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the 

coalbed, which is then mined with surface excavation 

equipment such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, 

loaders, and augers. Surface mines include: area, 

contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine. 

Tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for 

transportation by rail or truck. 

Uinta Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced by 

tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then 

mined with underground mining equipment such as 

cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and 

shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are 

classified according to the type of opening used to reach 

the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined tunnel), 

or shaft (vertical tunnel). 

Underground Mining: The extraction of coal or its 

products from between enclosing rock strata by 

underground mining methods, such as room and pillar, 

longwall, and shortwall, or through in-situ gasification. 

Western Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. 

 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2004 71