66172 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 26, 2018 / Proposed Rules 

(f) Alternative Methods of Compliance 

(AMOCs) 

(1) The Manager, Boston ACO Branch, 

FAA, may approve AMOCs for this AD. Send 

your proposal to: Kristopher Greer, Aviation 

Safety Engineer, Boston ACO Branch, 

Compliance and Airworthiness Division, 

1200 District Avenue, Burlington, 

Massachusetts 01803; telephone (781) 238– 

7799; email Kristopher.Greer@faa.gov. 

(2) For operations conducted under a 14 

CFR part 119 operating certificate or under 

14 CFR part 91, subpart K, we suggest that 

you notify your principal inspector, or 

lacking a principal inspector, the manager of 

the local flight standards district office or 

certificate holding district office before 

operating any aircraft complying with this 

AD through an AMOC. 

(g) Additional Information 

Sikorsky S–92 Alert Service Bulletin (ASB) 

92–53–008, Basic Issue, dated June 13, 2012; 

ASB 92–53–009, Basic Issue, dated December 

6, 2012; ASB 92–53–012, Basic Issue, dated 

February 10, 2014, and Sikorsky Special 

Service Instructions No. 92–074–E, Revision 

E, dated April 9, 2014, and Sikorsky S–92A– 

AMM–000 Maintenance Manual, Chapter 53– 

20–00, Task 53–20–210–003, dated January 

31, 2018, which are not incorporated by 

reference, contain additional information 

about the subject of this AD. For service 

information identified in this AD, contact 

Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, Customer 

Service Engineering, 124 Quarry Road, 

Trumbull, CT 06611; telephone 1–800– 

Winged–S or 203–416–4299; email wcs_cust_

service_eng.gr-sik@lmco.com. You may view 

this information at the FAA, Office of the 

Regional Counsel, Southwest Region, 10101 

Hillwood Pkwy., Room 6N–321, Fort Worth, 

TX 76177. 

(h) Subject 

Joint Aircraft System Component (JASC) 

Code: 5311 Fuselage Main, Frame. 

Issued in Fort Worth, Texas, on December 

13, 2018. 

Lance T. Gant, 

Director, Compliance & Airworthiness 

Division, Aircraft Certification Service. 

[FR Doc. 2018–27713 Filed 12–21–18; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 

Federal Aviation Administration 

14 CFR Part 39 

[Docket No. FAA–2018–1011; Product 

Identifier 2018–NM–131–AD] 

RIN 2120–AA64 

Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing 

Company Airplanes 

AGENCY: Federal Aviation 

Administration (FAA), DOT. 

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking 

(NPRM). 

SUMMARY: We propose to adopt a new 

airworthiness directive (AD) for all The 

Boeing Company Model 767–200, –300, 

–300F, and –400ER series airplanes. 

This proposed AD was prompted by 

reports of uncommanded movements of 

the Captain’s and First Officer’s seats. 

This proposed AD would require an 

identification of the part number, and if 

applicable the serial number, of the 

Captain’s and First Officer’s seats, and 

applicable on-condition actions. This 

proposed AD would also require a onetime detailed inspection and repetitive 

checks of the horizontal movement 

system of the Captain’s and First 

Officer’s seats, and applicable oncondition actions. This proposed AD 

would also provide an optional 

terminating action for the repetitive 

checks of the horizontal movement 

system for certain airplanes. We are 

proposing this AD to address the unsafe 

condition on these products. 

DATES: We must receive comments on 

this proposed AD by February 11, 2019. 

ADDRESSES: You may send comments, 

using the procedures found in 14 CFR 

11.43 and 11.45, by any of the following 

methods: 

• Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to 

http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the 

instructions for submitting comments. 

• Fax: 202–493–2251. 

• Mail: U.S. Department of 

Transportation, Docket Operations, M– 

30, West Building Ground Floor, Room 

W12–140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, 

Washington, DC 20590. 

• Hand Delivery: Deliver to Mail 

address above between 9 a.m. and 5 

p.m., Monday through Friday, except 

Federal holidays. 

For service information identified in 

this NPRM, contact Boeing Commercial 

Airplanes, Attention: Contractual & Data 

Services (C&DS), 2600 Westminster 

Blvd., MC 110–SK57, Seal Beach, CA 

90740–5600; telephone 562–797–1717; 

internet https://www.myboeingfleet

.com. You may view this referenced 

service information at the FAA, 

Transport Standards Branch, 2200 

South 216th St., Des Moines, WA. For 

information on the availability of this 

material at the FAA, call 206–231–3195. 

It is also available on the internet at 

http://www.regulations.gov by searching 


amozie on DSK3GDR082PROD with PROPOSALS1EP26DE18.012</GPH> EP26DE18.013</GPH>
Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 26, 2018 / Proposed Rules 66173 

for and locating Docket No. FAA–2018– 

1011. 

Examining the AD Docket 

You may examine the AD docket on 

the internet at http://www.regulations

.gov by searching for and locating 

Docket No. FAA–2018–1011; or in 

person at Docket Operations between 9 

a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through 

Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD 

docket contains this NPRM, the 

regulatory evaluation, any comments 

received, and other information. The 

street address for Docket Operations 

(phone: 800–647–5527) is in the 

ADDRESSES section. Comments will be 

available in the AD docket shortly after 

receipt. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Brandon Lucero, Aerospace Engineer, 

Cabin Safety and Environmental 

Systems Section, FAA, Seattle ACO 

Branch, 2200 South 216th St., Des 

Moines, WA 98198; phone and fax: 206– 

231–3569; email: Brandon.Lucero@

faa.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Comments Invited 

We invite you to send any written 

relevant data, views, or arguments about 

this proposal. Send your comments to 

an address listed under the ADDRESSES

section. Include ‘‘Docket No. FAA– 

2018–1011; Product Identifier 2018– 

NM–131–AD’’ at the beginning of your 

comments. We specifically invite 

comments on the overall regulatory, 

economic, environmental, and energy 

aspects of this NPRM. We will consider 

all comments received by the closing 

date and may amend this NPRM 

because of those comments. 

We will post all comments we 

receive, without change, to http://

www.regulations.gov, including any 

personal information you provide. We 

will also post a report summarizing each 

substantive verbal contact we receive 

about this proposed AD. 

Discussion 

We have received reports indicating 

that there have been uncommanded 

movements of the Captain’s and First 

Officer’s seats. A Model 747 operator 

reported that during a takeoff, the First 

Officer’s seat unlocked from its seat 

tracks and moved aft. The First Officer 

was unable to control the airplane and 

the Captain took over the controls to 

avoid a rejected takeoff. The unlocking 

of the seat from the seat tracks was 

caused by actuator damage, which was 

a result of incorrect adjustment of the 

seat’s manual release lever cable, which 

allowed the clutch mechanism to only 

partially engage. Captain’s and First 

Officer’s seats having the same part 

numbers are installed on both Model 

747 and Model 767 airplanes. We are 

considering additional rulemaking to 

address the unsafe condition for Model 

747 airplanes. 

In addition, one operator reported that 

the Captain’s seat could not be locked 

in position after the horizontal position 

of the seat was adjusted in flight. The 

seat became unlocked from the track 

and moved freely forward and aft. 

Control was given to the First Officer for 

approach and landing. An inspection 

found that the horizontal actuator 

output shaft had broken. When a 

horizontal actuator output shaft breaks, 

the pilot cannot prevent seat movement 

in a forward and aft direction and 

cannot lock the seat in position. A 

broken horizontal actuator output shaft 

is the result of high loads that exceed 

the design limits that are caused by a 

stalled motor that can occur due to high 

mechanical resistance to motion during 

powered operation of the seat. Foreign 

object debris (FOD) in the seat tracks is 

another condition that can result in a 

stalled motor and cause the horizontal 

actuator output shaft to break. 

An un-commanded seat movement 

during a critical part of a flight, such as 

take-off or landing, could cause a flight 

control obstruction or unintended flight 

control input, which could result in the 

loss of the ability to control the airplane. 

Related Service Information Under 1 

CFR Part 51 

We reviewed Boeing Special 

Attention Service Bulletin 767–25– 

0539, Revision 1, dated July 17, 2018 

(‘‘BSASB 767–25–0539, Revision 1’’). 

The service information describes 

procedures for identification of the part 

number, and, if applicable, the serial 

number of the Captain’s and First 

Officer’s seats, and applicable oncondition actions. The on-condition 

actions include an inspection of each 

seat’s fore/aft and vertical manual 

control levers for looseness, installation 

of serviceable seats, and a seat 

functional test after any cable 

adjustment. 

We also reviewed Boeing Special 

Attention Service Bulletin 767–25– 

0549, Revision 1, dated August 10, 2018 

(‘‘BSASB 767–25–0549, Revision 1’’). 

The service information describes 

procedures for a one-time detailed 

inspection and repetitive checks of the 

horizontal movement system of the 

Captain’s and First Officer’s seats for 

findings (e.g., evidence of cracks, scores, 

corrosion, dents, deformation or visible 

wear); and incorrectly assembled 

components (e.g., microswitch 

assemblies, actuators, and limit 

switches), and applicable on-condition 

actions. The on-condition actions 

include overhaul of the horizontal 

movement system, clearing the seat 

tracks of FOD, replacement of the 

horizontal actuator, and replacement of 

the horizontal movement system. The 

service information also describes 

procedures for an optional terminating 

action for the repetitive checks by 

installing a serviceable Captain’s or First 

Officer’s seat. 

This service information is reasonably 

available because the interested parties 

have access to it through their normal 

course of business or by the means 

identified in the ADDRESSES section. 

FAA’s Determination 

We are proposing this AD because we 

evaluated all the relevant information 

and determined the unsafe condition 

described previously is likely to exist or 

develop in other products of the same 

type design. 

Proposed AD Requirements 

This proposed AD would require 

accomplishment of the actions 

identified in the Accomplishment 

Instructions of BSASB 767–25–0539, 

Revision 1, described previously, except 

as discussed under ‘‘Differences 

Between this Proposed AD and the 

Service Information,’’ and except for 

any differences identified as exceptions 

in the regulatory text of this proposed 

AD. 

This proposed AD would also require 

accomplishment of the actions 

identified as ‘‘RC’’ (required for 

compliance) in the Accomplishment 

Instructions of BSASB 767–25–0549, 

Revision 1, described previously, except 

for any differences identified as 

exceptions in the regulatory text of this 

proposed AD. 

For information on the procedures 

and compliance times, see this service 

information at http://www

.regulations.gov by searching for and 

locating Docket No. FAA–2018–1011. 

Differences Between This Proposed AD 

and the Service Information 

The effectivity of BSASB 767–25– 

0539, Revision 1; and BSASB 767–25– 

0549, Revision 1, is limited to Model 

767–200, –300, –300F, and –400ER 

series airplanes with Ipeco part number 

series 3A090 and 3A258 Captain’s and 

First Officer’s powered seats installed, 

line numbers 161 and on. However, the 

applicability of this proposed AD 

includes all Model 767–200, –300, 

–300F, and –400ER series airplanes. 

Because the affected Captain’s and First 

Officer’s seats are rotable parts, we have 


amozie on DSK3GDR082PROD with PROPOSALS1
66174 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 26, 2018 / Proposed Rules 

determined that these seats could later 

be installed on airplanes that were 

initially delivered with acceptable seats, 

thereby subjecting those airplanes to the 

unsafe condition. The referenced service 

bulletins can be used on airplanes not 

included in the service bulletin 

effectivity. This difference has been 

coordinated with Boeing. 

Where BSASB 767–25–0539, Revision 

1, specifies to do the actions ‘‘within 72 

months after the Original Issue date of 

this service bulletin,’’ this AD would 

require accomplishment of those actions 

‘‘within 36 months after the effective 

date of this AD.’’ The 36-month 

compliance time corresponds with the 

compliance time in BSASB 767–25– 

0549, Revision 1. We have determined 

a 36-month compliance time is 

appropriate for doing the actions 

specified in this proposed AD. We have 

coordinated this difference with Boeing. 

Costs of Compliance 

We estimate that this proposed AD 

affects 90 airplanes of U.S. registry. We 

estimate the following costs to comply 

with this proposed AD: 

ESTIMATED COSTS FOR REQUIRED ACTIONS

Action Labor cost Parts 

cost 

Cost per 

product 

Cost on U.S. 

operators 

Identification, seat ............................. 1 work-hour × $85 per hour = $85 .. $0 $85 ............................... $7,650 per seat. 

Detailed inspection, horizontal 

movement system.

1 work-hour × $85 per hour = $85, 

per seat.

0 $85 per seat ................. $7,650 per seat. 

Checks, horizontal movement system.2 work-hour × $85 per hour = $170 

per seat, per check cycle.

0 $170 per seat, per 

check cycle.

$15,130 per seat, per 

check cycle. 

We estimate the following costs to do 

any necessary on-condition actions that 

would be required. We have no way of 

determining the number of aircraft that 

might need these on-condition actions: 

ESTIMATED COSTS OF ON-CONDITION ACTIONS * 

Action Labor cost Parts cost Cost per product 

Adjustment, control lever cable ....................... 1 work-hour × $85 per hour = $85, per seat .. $0 ............................... $85 per seat. 

Overhaul or replacement, horizontal movement system.Up to 15 work-hours × $85 per hour = 

$1,275, per seat.

Up to $6,400 per seat Up to $7,675 per seat. 

Inspection of each seat’s fore/aft and vertical 

manual control levers.

1 work-hour × $85 per hour = $85, per seat .. $0 ............................... $85 per seat. 

Installation of serviceable seats ...................... 1 work-hour × $85 per hour = $85, per seat .. $0 ............................... $85 per seat. 

Clearing FOD .................................................. 1 work-hour × $85 per hour = $85, per seat .. $0 ............................... $85 per seat. 

Replacement of the horizontal actuator .......... 1 work-hour × $85 per hour = $85, per actuator.$205 ........................... $290, per actuator. 

Functional test, adjusted control lever cable .. 1 work-hour × $85 per hour = $85, per seat .. $0 ............................... $85, per seat. 

* The estimated cost for tooling to align an affected seat for adjustment of the control lever cable is up to $46,064. 

We have received no definitive data 

that would enable us to provide cost 

estimates for the optional terminating 

action for the on-condition repetitive 

checks specified in this proposed AD. 

Authority for This Rulemaking 

Title 49 of the United States Code 

specifies the FAA’s authority to issue 

rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, 

section 106, describes the authority of 

the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII: 

Aviation Programs, describes in more 

detail the scope of the Agency’s 

authority. 

We are issuing this rulemaking under 

the authority described in Subtitle VII, 

Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: 

‘‘General requirements.’’ Under that 

section, Congress charges the FAA with 

promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in 

air commerce by prescribing regulations 

for practices, methods, and procedures 

the Administrator finds necessary for 

safety in air commerce. This regulation 

is within the scope of that authority 

because it addresses an unsafe condition 

that is likely to exist or develop on 

products identified in this rulemaking 

action. 

This proposed AD is issued in 

accordance with authority delegated by 

the Executive Director, Aircraft 

Certification Service, as authorized by 

FAA Order 8000.51C. In accordance 

with that order, issuance of ADs is 

normally a function of the Compliance 

and Airworthiness Division, but during 

this transition period, the Executive 

Director has delegated the authority to 

issue ADs applicable to transport 

category airplanes to the Director of the 

System Oversight Division. 

Regulatory Findings 

We determined that this proposed AD 

would not have federalism implications 

under Executive Order 13132. This 

proposed AD would not have a 

substantial direct effect on the States, on 

the relationship between the national 

Government and the States, or on the 

distribution of power and 

responsibilities among the various 

levels of government. 

For the reasons discussed above, I 

certify this proposed regulation: 

(1) Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory 

action’’ under Executive Order 12866, 

(2) Is not a ‘‘significant rule’’ under 

the DOT Regulatory Policies and 

Procedures (44 FR 11034, February 26, 

1979), 

(3) Will not affect intrastate aviation 

in Alaska, and 

(4) Will not have a significant 

economic impact, positive or negative, 

on a substantial number of small entities 

under the criteria of the Regulatory 

Flexibility Act. 

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39 

Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation 

safety, Incorporation by reference, 

Safety. 

The Proposed Amendment 

Accordingly, under the authority 

delegated to me by the Administrator, 


amozie on DSK3GDR082PROD with PROPOSALS1
Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 26, 2018 / Proposed Rules 66175 

the FAA proposes to amend 14 CFR part 

39 as follows: 

PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS 

DIRECTIVES 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 39 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701. 

§ 39.13 [Amended] 

■ 2. The FAA amends § 39.13 by adding 

the following new airworthiness 

directive (AD): 

The Boeing Company: Docket No. FAA– 

2018–1011; Product Identifier 2018– 

NM–131–AD. 

(a) Comments Due Date 

We must receive comments by February 

11, 2019. 

(b) Affected ADs 

None. 

(c) Applicability 

This AD applies to all The Boeing 

Company Model 767–200, –300, –300F, and 

–400ER series airplanes, certificated in any 

category. 

(d) Subject 

Air Transport Association (ATA) of 

America Code 25, Equipment/Furnishings. 

(e) Unsafe Condition 

This AD was prompted by reports of 

uncommanded movements of the Captain’s 

and First Officer’s seats. We are issuing this 

AD to address uncommanded movement of 

the Captain’s and First Officer’s seats. An 

uncommanded seat movement during a 

critical part of a flight, such as take-off or 

landing, could cause a flight control 

obstruction or unintended flight control 

input, which could result in the loss of the 

ability to control the airplane. 

(f) Compliance 

Comply with this AD within the 

compliance times specified, unless already 

done. 

(g) Seat Identification and On-Condition 

Actions 

Within 36 months after the effective date 

of this AD, do an inspection to determine the 

part number, and serial number as 

applicable, of the Captain’s and First 

Officer’s seats, and do all applicable oncondition actions, in accordance with the 

Accomplishment Instructions of Boeing 

Special Attention Service Bulletin 767–25– 

0539, Revision 1, dated July 17, 2018. 

(h) Detailed Inspection and Repetitive 

Checks of Horizontal Movement System and 

On-Condition Actions 

Except as specified in paragraph (i) of this 

AD: At the applicable times specified in 

paragraph 1.E., ‘‘Compliance,’’ of Boeing 

Special Attention Service Bulletin 767–25– 

0549, Revision 1, dated August 10, 2018 

(‘‘BSASB 767–25–0549, Revision 1’’), do all 

applicable actions identified as ‘‘RC’’ 

(required for compliance) in, and in 

accordance with, the Accomplishment 

Instructions of BSASB 767–25–0549, 

Revision 1. 

(i) Exceptions to Service Information 

Specifications 

For purposes of determining compliance 

with the requirements of this AD: Where 

BSASB 767–25–0549, Revision 1, uses the 

phrase ‘‘the original issue date of this service 

bulletin,’’ this AD requires using ‘‘the 

effective date of this AD.’’ 

(j) Optional Terminating Action for 

Repetitive Checks 

(1) For Group 1, Configuration 2 and 4 

airplanes identified in BSASB 767–25–0549, 

Revision 1: Installation of a serviceable 

Captain’s seat, as specified in, and in 

accordance with, the Accomplishment 

Instructions of BSASB 767–25–0549, 

Revision 1, terminates the repetitive checks 

of the Captain’s seat as required by paragraph 

(h) of this AD for that airplane only. 

(2) For Group 1, Configuration 3 and 4 

airplanes: Installation of a serviceable First 

Officer’s seat BSASB 767–25–0549, Revision 

1, as specified in, and in accordance with, 

the Accomplishment Instructions of BSASB 

767–25–0549, Revision 1, terminates the 

repetitive checks of the First Officer’s seat as 

required by paragraph (h) of this AD for that 

airplane only. 

(k) Alternative Methods of Compliance 

(AMOCs) 

(1) The Manager, Seattle ACO Branch, 

FAA, has the authority to approve AMOCs 

for this AD, if requested using the procedures 

found in 14 CFR 39.19. In accordance with 

14 CFR 39.19, send your request to your 

principal inspector or local Flight Standards 

District Office, as appropriate. If sending 

information directly to the manager of the 

certification office, send it to the attention of 

the person identified in paragraph (l)(1) of 

this AD. Information may be emailed to: 9- 

ANM-Seattle-ACO-AMOC-Requests@faa.gov. 

(2) Before using any approved AMOC, 

notify your appropriate principal inspector, 

or lacking a principal inspector, the manager 

of the local flight standards district office/ 

certificate holding district office. 

(3) An AMOC that provides an acceptable 

level of safety may be used for any repair, 

modification, or alteration required by this 

AD if it is approved by the Boeing 

Commercial Airplanes Organization 

Designation Authorization (ODA) that has 

been authorized by the Manager, Seattle ACO 

Branch, FAA, to make those findings. To be 

approved, the repair method, modification 

deviation, or alteration deviation must meet 

the certification basis of the airplane, and the 

approval must specifically refer to this AD. 

(4) For service information that contains 

steps that are labeled as Required for 

Compliance (RC), the provisions of 

paragraphs (k)(4)(i) and (k)(4)(ii) of this AD 

apply. 

(i) The steps labeled as RC, including 

substeps under an RC step and any figures 

identified in an RC step, must be done to 

comply with the AD. If a step or substep is 

labeled ‘‘RC Exempt,’’ then the RC 

requirement is removed from that step or 

substep. An AMOC is required for any 

deviations to RC steps, including substeps 

and identified figures. 

(ii) Steps not labeled as RC may be 

deviated from using accepted methods in 

accordance with the operator’s maintenance 

or inspection program without obtaining 

approval of an AMOC, provided the RC steps, 

including substeps and identified figures, can 

still be done as specified, and the airplane 

can be put back in an airworthy condition. 

(l) Related Information 

(1) For more information about this AD, 

contact Brandon Lucero, Aerospace Engineer, 

Cabin Safety and Environmental Systems 

Section, FAA, Seattle ACO Branch, 2200 

South 216th St., Des Moines, WA 98198; 

phone and fax: 206–231–3569; email: 

Brandon.Lucero@faa.gov. 

(2) For service information identified in 

this AD, contact Boeing Commercial 

Airplanes, Attention: Contractual & Data 

Services (C&DS), 2600 Westminster Blvd., 

MC 110–SK57, Seal Beach, CA 90740–5600; 

telephone 562–797–1717; internet https://

www.myboeingfleet.com. You may view this 

referenced service information at the FAA, 

Transport Standards Branch, 2200 South 

216th St., Des Moines, WA. For information 

on the availability of this material at the 

FAA, call 206–231–3195. 

Issued in Des Moines, Washington, on 

December 13, 2018. 

Michael Kaszycki, 

Acting Director, System Oversight Division, 

Aircraft Certification Service. 

[FR Doc. 2018–27882 Filed 12–21–18; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 

Federal Aviation Administration 

14 CFR Part 39 

[Docket No. FAA–2018–1058; Product 

Identifier 2018–CE–051–AD] 

RIN 2120–AA64 

Airworthiness Directives; Pilatus 

Aircraft Ltd. Airplanes 

AGENCY: Federal Aviation 

Administration (FAA), Department of 

Transportation (DOT). 

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking 

(NPRM). 

SUMMARY: We propose to adopt a new 

airworthiness directive (AD) for Pilatus 

Aircraft Ltd. Model PC–6, PC–6/350, 

PC–6/350–H1, PC–6/350–H2, PC–6/A, 

PC–6/A–H1, PC–6/A–H2, PC–6/B–H2, 

PC–6/B1–H2, PC–6/B2–H2, PC–6/B2– 

H4, PC–6/C–H2, PC–6/C1–H2, PC–6– 

H1, and PC–6–H2 airplanes. This 

proposed AD results from mandatory 

continuing airworthiness information 

(MCAI) originated by an aviation 

authority of another country to identify 


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