United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

Soil Survey of

Clay County, Iowa

Iowa Department of

Agriculture and

Land Stewardship

In cooperation with Iowa

Agriculture and Home

Economics Experiment

Station and Cooperative

Extension Service, Iowa

State University; Division

of Soil Conservation, Iowa

Department of Agriculture

and Land Stewardship; and

Clay County Conference

Board
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is committed to making its

information accessible to all of its customers and employees. If you are experiencing

accessibility issues and need assistance, please contact our Helpdesk by phone at

1-800-457-3642 or by e-mail at helpdesk@helpdesk.itc.nrcs.usda.gov. For assistance

with publications that include maps, graphs, or similar forms of information, you may

also wish to contact our State or local office. You can locate the correct office and

phone number at http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app.

NRCS Accessibility Statement
General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called

general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the

area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of

the soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and

management of small areas.

To find information about your area

of interest, locate that area on the

Index to Map Sheets. Note the

number of the map sheet and turn

to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on

the map sheet. Note the map unit

symbols that are in that area. Turn

to the Contents, which lists the

map units by symbol and name

and shows the page where each

map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table

has data on a specific land use for

each detailed soil map unit. Also

see the Contents for sections of

this publication that may address

your specific needs.

3

How To Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service homepage on the World Wide Web. The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1999. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 2002. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2002. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service; the Iowa Agriculture and

Home Economics Experiment Station and the Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa

State University; the Division of Soil Conservation, Iowa Department of Agriculture and

Land Stewardship; and the Clay County Conference Board. The survey is part of the

technical assistance furnished to the Clay County Soil and Water Conservation District.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: A grassed waterway in a nearly level to gently sloping area of Sac, McCreath, and Afton

soils. These soils are well suited to the production of corn, but water erosion is a slight hazard.
5

Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3

Foreword ................................................................. 9

General Nature of the Survey Area......................... 11

History................................................................ 11

Industry, Transportation Facilities, and

Recreation ................................................... 12

Physiography, Drainage, and Geology ................ 12

Climate ............................................................... 13

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 13

General Soil Map Units ........................................ 15

1. McCreath-Gillett Grove-Sac Association ...... 15

2. Wilmonton-Ransom-Afton Association ......... 15

3. Moneta-Cornell Association ......................... 17

4. Wadena-Cylinder-Biscay Association .......... 17

5. Colo-Zook-Spillville Association ................... 17

6. Everly-Letri-Fostoria Association ................. 18

7. Clarion-Nicollet-Webster Association ........... 19

8. Belmann-Fostoria, lacustrine substratumWaldorf Association .................................. 19

Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 21

6—Okoboji silty clay loam, depressional, 0 to

1 percent slopes .......................................... 22

27B—Terril loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .............. 22

27C—Terril loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes.............. 22

27D—Terril loam, 9 to 14 percent slopes ............ 22

31—Afton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 23

34B—Estherville sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 23

41C—Sparta loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent

slopes .......................................................... 23

48—Knoke mucky silty clay loam,

depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes ............. 24

54—Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 24

55—Nicollet loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes ............ 24

62F—Storden loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes ..... 25

77B—Sac silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 25

77C—Sac silty clay loam, 5 to 9 percent

slopes .......................................................... 26

77C2—Sac silty clay loam, 5 to 9 percent

slopes, moderately eroded ........................... 26

90—Okoboji mucky silty clay loam,

depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes ............. 26

95—Harps loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .............. 27

107—Webster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 27

108—Wadena loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand

and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................. 27

108B—Wadena loam, 24 to 32 inches to

sand and gravel, 2 to 5 percent slopes......... 28

133—Colo silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 29

135—Coland clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 29

138B—Clarion loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ........ 29

138C2—Clarion loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes,

moderately eroded ....................................... 29

175—Dickinson fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 30

175B—Dickinson fine sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes ............................................. 30

191—Rushmore silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 30

201B—Coland-Terril complex, 1 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 31

202—Cylinder loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand

and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................. 31

203—Cylinder loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand

and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................. 31

221—Klossner muck, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes ............................................. 32

259—Biscay clay loam, 32 to 40 inches

to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 32

274—Rolfe silt loam, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes ............................................. 32

282—Ransom silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 33

308—Wadena loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand

and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................. 33

308B—Wadena loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand

and gravel, 2 to 5 percent slopes ................. 33

354—Aquolls (marsh), ponded, 0 to 1

percent slopes ............................................. 34

375—Fostoria clay loam, lacustrine

substratum, 1 to 3 percent slopes ................ 34

376F—Cornell silty clay loam, 18 to 25

percent slopes ............................................. 34
6

379—Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine

substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................ 34

379B—Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine

substratum, 2 to 5 percent slopes ................ 35

379C2—Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine

substratum, 5 to 9 percent slopes,

moderately eroded ....................................... 35

384—Collinwood clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes ...... 35

390—Waldorf silty clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 36

397—Letri clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........ 36

433E—Moneta clay loam, 14 to 18 percent

slopes .......................................................... 36

433F—Moneta clay loam, 18 to 25 percent

slopes .......................................................... 37

433G—Moneta clay loam, 25 to 40 percent

slopes .......................................................... 37

455—Wilmonton clay loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 37

456—Wilmonton silty clay loam, 1 to 3

percent slopes ............................................. 37

485—Spillville loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded..................................... 38

506—Wacousta silty clay loam, depressional,

0 to 1 percent slopes.................................... 38

507—Canisteo clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 38

541C—Estherville-Hawick complex, 5 to 9

percent slopes ............................................. 39

559—Talcot clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to

sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes......... 39

577B—Everly clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 39

577C2—Everly clay loam, 5 to 9 percent

slopes, moderately eroded ........................... 40

637D2—Everly-Moneta complex, 9 to 14

percent slopes, moderately eroded .............. 40

638C2—Clarion-Storden complex, 5 to 9

percent slopes, moderately eroded .............. 40

672—May City sandy clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 41

672B—May City sandy clay loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes ............................................. 41

672C2—May City sandy clay loam, 5 to 9

percent slopes, moderately eroded .............. 41

709—Fairhaven silt loam, 32 to 40 inches to

sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes......... 42

733—Calco silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 42

735—Havelock clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 42

740D—Hawick gravelly loamy sand, 9 to 14

percent slopes ............................................. 42

810—Galva silty clay loam, terrace, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 43

810B—Galva silty clay loam, terrace, 2 to 5

percent slopes ............................................. 43

828B—Zenor sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 43

828C2—Zenor sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent

slopes, moderately eroded ........................... 44

835D2—Storden-Omsrud complex, 9 to 14

percent slopes, moderately eroded .............. 44

835E2—Storden-Omsrud complex, 14 to 18

percent slopes, moderately eroded .............. 44

854D—Histosols, fens, 2 to 25 percent

slopes .......................................................... 45

874—Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine

substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................ 45

874B—Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine

substratum, 2 to 5 percent slopes ................ 45

874C2—Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine

substratum, 5 to 9 percent slopes,

moderately eroded ....................................... 46

875—Roine fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 46

875B—Roine fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 46

875C2—Roine fine sandy loam, 5 to 9

percent slopes, moderately eroded .............. 47

878—Ocheyedan loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 47

878B—Ocheyedan loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 47

879—Fostoria loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 47

928—Annieville silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 48

928B—Annieville silty clay loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes ............................................. 48
7

992—Gillett Grove silty clay loam,

depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes ............. 48

1053—Belmann clay loam, gypsum phase,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................... 49

1091—McCreath silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 49

1092—Gillett Grove silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 49

1133—Colo silty clay loam, channeled, 0 to 2

percent slopes, frequently flooded ............... 50

1259—Biscay clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to

sand and gravel, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes ............................................. 50

1385—Ocheda silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 50

1508—Belmann clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 50

1585—Spillville-Coland complex, channeled,

0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ..... 51

4000—Urban land .............................................. 51

5010—Pits, sand and gravel............................... 51

5040—Udorthents, loamy (cut and fill land) ........ 51

5060—Pits, clay ................................................. 52

AW—Animal waste ............................................. 52

SL—Sewage lagoon ........................................... 52

W—Water........................................................... 52

Use and Management of the Soils ...................... 53

Interpretive Ratings ............................................ 53

Rating Class Terms ........................................ 53

Numerical Ratings.......................................... 53

Crops and Pasture ............................................. 53

Cropland Management Considerations .......... 54

Crop Yield Estimates ...................................... 56

Pasture and Hayland Interpretations .............. 56

Land Capability Classification ........................ 57

Prime Farmland ............................................. 57

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings .......... 58

Woodland Management and Productivity ........... 58

Recreation .......................................................... 59

Wildlife Habitat ................................................... 60

Engineering ........................................................ 61

Building Site Development ............................. 62

Sanitary Facilities ........................................... 63

Construction Materials ................................... 64

Water Management........................................ 65

Soil Properties ...................................................... 67

Engineering Index Properties ............................. 67

Physical Properties ............................................ 68

Chemical Properties ........................................... 69

Water Features ................................................... 70

Soil Features ...................................................... 71

Classification of the Soils .................................... 73

Soil Series and Their Morphology ........................... 73

Afton Series........................................................ 73

Annieville Series ................................................. 74

Belmann Series .................................................. 75

Biscay Series ..................................................... 76

Calco Series ....................................................... 77

Calcousta Series ................................................ 78

Canisteo Series .................................................. 78

Clarion Series..................................................... 79

Coland Series..................................................... 80

Collinwood Series............................................... 81

Colo Series ........................................................ 82

Cornell Series .................................................... 82

Crippin Series..................................................... 83

Cylinder Series ................................................... 84

Dickinson Series ................................................ 85

Dickman Series .................................................. 86

Estherville Series ............................................... 86

Everly Series ...................................................... 87

Fairhaven Series ................................................ 88

Fostoria Series ................................................... 89

Galva Series....................................................... 90

Gillett Grove Series ............................................ 91

Guckeen Series .................................................. 92

Hanlon Series..................................................... 92

Harps Series ...................................................... 93

Havelock Series ................................................. 94

Hawick Series .................................................... 94

Klossner Series .................................................. 95

Knoke Series ...................................................... 96

Letri Series ......................................................... 96

May City Series .................................................. 97

McCreath Series ................................................ 98

Moneta Series .................................................... 99

Nicollet Series .................................................. 100

Ocheda Series ................................................. 101

Ocheyedan Series ............................................ 102

Okoboji Series .................................................. 103
8

Omsrud Series ................................................. 103

Primghar Series ............................................... 104

Ransom Series................................................. 105

Ridgeport Series .............................................. 106

Roine Series..................................................... 107

Rolfe Series...................................................... 108

Rushmore Series ............................................. 108

Sac Series ........................................................ 109

Shandep Series ................................................ 111

Sparta Series ................................................... 111

Spillville Series ................................................. 112

Storden Series ................................................. 112

Sunburg Series ................................................ 113

Talcot Series..................................................... 114

Terril Series ...................................................... 114

Wacousta Series .............................................. 115

Wadena Series ................................................. 116

Waldorf Series .................................................. 116

Webster Series ................................................. 117

Wilmonton Series ............................................. 118

Zenor Series .................................................... 119

Zook Series ...................................................... 120

Formation of the Soils........................................ 123

References .......................................................... 129

Glossary .............................................................. 131

Tables .................................................................. 145

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 146

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall........ 147

Table 3.—Growing Season ............................... 147

Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate

Extent of the Soils ...................................... 148

Table 5.—Cropland Management

Considerations ........................................... 150

Table 6.—Land Capability, Corn Suitability

Rating, Subsoil Nutrients, and Yields

per Acre of Crops....................................... 160

Table 7.—Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Pasture .......................................... 166

Table 8.—Prime Farmland ................................ 172

Table 9.—Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings .................................................... 173

Table 10.—Forestland Productivity ................... 187

Table 11a.—Recreation .................................... 188

Table 11b.—Recreation .................................... 197

Table 12.—Wildlife Habitat ................................ 205

Table 13a.—Building Site Development ............ 212

Table 13b.—Building Site Development ............ 222

Table 14a.—Sanitary Facilities ......................... 233

Table 14b.—Sanitary Facilities.......................... 246

Table 15.—Construction Materials .................... 256

Table 16.—Water Management ........................ 266

Table 17.—Engineering Index Properties ......... 276

Table 18.—Physical Properties of the Soils ...... 299

Table 19.—Chemical Properties of the

Soils ........................................................... 310

Table 20.—Water Features ............................... 321

Table 21.—Soil Features .................................. 341

Table 22.—Classification of the Soils ................ 347

Issued 2005
9

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey

area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also

highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the

impact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose

special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is

intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land

treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users

identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or

user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each

soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described, and

information on specific uses is given. Help in using this publication and additional

information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Richard W. Van Klaveren

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword
10

Where To Get Updated Information

The soil properties and interpretations included in this survey were current as of

April 2003. More current information may be available from the Natural Resources

Conservation Service (NRCS) Field Office Technical Guide at Spencer, Iowa, or online

at www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg. The data in the Field Office Technical Guide are

updated periodically.

More current information may also be available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart

Website at http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/

Additional information about soils and about NRCS is available through the Iowa

NRCS Web page at www.ia.nrcs.usda.gov.

For further information, please contact:

USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Iowa State Office

210 Walnut Street, Suite 693

Des Moines, IA 50309-2180

Phone: 515-284-4353
11

CLAY COUNTY is in northwestern Iowa (fig. 1). It has a

total area of 366,400 acres, or 572 square miles.

Spencer, the county seat, is in the north-central part of

the county.

The county is mainly agricultural. The principal

crops are corn and soybeans, but oats, grasses, and

legumes are grown for hay and pasture. The raising of

livestock is also an important source of income in the

county. The major livestock are hogs, cow-calf herds,

and poultry. Some dairy cattle also are raised. A very

small acreage along the Little Sioux River and its

tributaries is used as woodland or woodland pasture.

Nonagricultural industries are becoming increasingly

important in the county.

This survey updates an earlier survey of Clay

County published in 1969 (Fisher, 1969). It provides

additional information and has larger maps, which

show the soils in greater detail.

General Nature of the Survey Area

This section provides some general information

about Clay County. It describes history; industry,

transportation facilities, and recreation; physiography,

drainage, and geology; and climate.

History

The first European settlers in the survey area

arrived in 1856, when Christian Kirchner and Ambros

S. Mead settled in what is now southwestern Clay

County. Several other families moved into the same

area later in the same year. Clay County was originally

part of Woodbury County, but it was established as a

separate county with elected officials in 1858. Since

most residents lived in the southwest corner of the

county, the town of Peterson was selected as the first

county seat. In 1871, the county seat was moved to

Spencer. By 1880, the population of Clay County had

grown to 4,248; by 1920, it had grown to about 15,600.

The population growth rate began to slow after 1920.

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the population of

Soil Survey of

Clay County, Iowa

By Robin Wisner, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by Joseph Falkenberg, Joe Johnson, and Richard Lensch, Natural

Resources Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station and

the Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University; the Division of Soil

Conservation, Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship; and the Clay

County Conference Board

Figure 1.—Location of Clay County in Iowa.
12 Soil Survey of

the county is 17,372 (Iowa State University, 2002).

Spencer has a population of 11,317 and is the largest

city in the county.

Industry, Transportation Facilities, and

Recreation

Clay County is primarily rural, and the vast majority

of the land is dedicated to farming. In 1997, Clay

County had 285,829 acres of farmland on 668 farms

(Iowa State University, 2002). Corn, soybeans, oats,

and grass-legume hay accounted for 262,903 acres of

the farmland in production. The rest of the acreage

was used primarily for pasture or woodland or was idle

land. In recent years, the number of farms in the

county has been decreasing and the average size of

farms increasing. Livestock production is becoming

more specialized; many farmers raise only one class

of livestock. In recent years, the number of total

confinement livestock systems has been increasing,

particularly those raising swine or poultry. There are

many agriculture-related industries throughout the

county, including an extensive rural water supplier.

Grain elevator facilities are in most communities.

The largest employers in the county are nonfarm

industries, including the service industries and retail

trade. The county has manufacturers of hydrostatic

transmissions and hydraulic pumps, several skilled

machining and metal fabrication companies, and a

large offset printing company. Many other smaller

industries, particularly in Spencer, are major

contributors to the local economy of Clay County.

Two major highways divide Clay County. U.S.

Highway 18 crosses from east to west, and U.S.

Highway 71 crosses from north to south. These two

highways intersect in the city of Spencer. Hard-surface

state and county roads connect these highways to all

of the other communities in the county and

surrounding area and to many of the farms. Most

farms, however, are on gravel roads with access to the

hard-surface roads. One railroad provides rail service

to the towns of Dickens, Spencer, and Everly along

U.S. Highway 18. The county has one municipal

airport, which is about 2 miles west of Spencer. Motor

freight lines serve every trading center in the county.

Many parks and Little Sioux River access areas

have been established throughout Clay County.

Wanata State Park is near the town of Peterson, and

Kindlespire Little Sioux River Access is about 5 miles

west of Webb. The lakes, rivers, and streams in the

county provide excellent potential for recreational

activities, such as hunting, fishing, fur trapping, and

water sports. Barringer Slough, Dan Green Slough,

and Lost Island Lake in the northeastern part of the

county are a few of the natural areas. Wooded areas

along rivers and streams, many natural and

constructed wetlands, and farm windbreaks provide

important habitat for wildlife. The county typically has a

good population of upland game birds, such as

ringneck pheasant, Hungarian partridge, and wild

turkey. A number of small ponds are stocked with

smallmouth bass, bluegill, and other game fish and

thus provide excellent fishing opportunities. Whitetail

deer are typically plentiful, and hunting them is a

popular recreational activity, particularly in the

wooded, steep and very steep areas along the Little

Sioux River.

Physiography, Drainage, and Geology

The topography in Clay County is somewhat divided

between the older erosion surface in the western twothirds of the county and the geologically immature

eastern one-third. The Little Sioux River basically

dissects these two areas. The former is referred to by

soil scientists as Major Land Resource Area (MLRA)

107 and is evidenced by broad, nearly level upland

divides and by more sloping areas along the major

streams (USDA, 1981). The eastern one-third of the

county is referred to as MLRA 103 and is evidenced

by rolling topography with a large number of potholes

and depressions in the uplands and by steep and very

steep topography along the major streams.

Till underlies all of the soils in Clay County and is

the greatest influence on the development of the

drainage patterns throughout the county. In the MLRA

107 area, the till is predominantly overlain with loess.

The older age of these materials has allowed the

formation of a more defined drainage system. The

younger glacial soils in MLRA 103, which actually

buried the loess-capped older till soils, have a much

less defined drainage pattern. Two types of moraine

topography are evident in the MLRA 103 area. One is

a complex of short uneven slopes that have many

small indistinct drainage patterns. The other type of

moraine topography is broad flat areas between

narrow recessional moraines. These broad flat areas

have many depressions that range in size from less

than an acre to larger than 600 acres. Elk Lake, Round

Lake, and Mud Lake are examples of the larger

depressions. Limestone bedrock is very deep beneath

the till in the area of Clay County and has little or no

influence on the developing drainage patterns.

The Ocheyedan and Little Sioux Rivers and their

tributaries drain most of Clay County. The Ocheyedan

River flows from near the border with Minnesota in

Osceola County southeast to Spencer, where it meets

the Little Sioux River. The Little Sioux River also
Clay County, Iowa 13

begins near the Minnesota border. It flows nearly

straight south and picks up drainage from the Okoboji

and Spirit Lake watersheds in Dickinson County and in

Clay County west of Fostoria. The Little Sioux River

flows slightly east-southeast below Spencer; near

Gillett Grove it turns dramatically westward through

Peterson towards the Missouri River. It is believed that

the Little Sioux River at one time drained towards the

Mississippi River, possibly in the Raccoon River

watershed. That flow was diverted when glacial ice

and debris plugged the valley and created a glacial

lake in the area that is now Spencer. When the debris

dam broke through, the drainage followed the new

path. Stoney Creek drains part of northwestern Clay

County and joins the Ocheyedan River east of Everly.

Pickerel Run and Lost Island Outlet drain part of

northeastern Clay County and join the Little Sioux

River at Gillett Grove. Willow Creek drains most of

southwestern Clay County. It flows southeast and joins

the Little Sioux River just northeast of Cornell, Iowa.

Most of these rivers and streams have experienced

periods of great flooding, have eroded deep into the

till, and in some areas have left sand- and gravelbased terraces above each stage of downcutting.

Climate

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation

for the survey area as recorded at Spencer in the

period 1961 to 1990. Table 2 shows probable dates of

the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring.

Table 3 provides data on the length of the growing

season.

In winter, the average temperature is 17.6 degrees

F and the average daily minimum temperature is 8

degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which

occurred at Spencer on January 12, 1912, was -38

degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 70.8

degrees and the average daily maximum temperature

is 82.5 degrees. The highest temperature, which

occurred at Spencer on July 17, 1936, was 113

degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They

are equivalent to “heat units.” During the month,

growing degree days accumulate by the amount that

the average temperature each day exceeds a base

temperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthly

accumulation is used to schedule single or successive

plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring

and the first freeze in fall.

The average annual total precipitation is 28.50

inches. Of this total, 18.80 inches, or about 66 percent,

usually falls in May through September. The growing

season for most crops falls within this period. The

heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of record was

5.01 inches recorded at Spencer on September 7,

1964. Thunderstorms occur on about 44 days each

year, and most occur between May and August.

The average seasonal snowfall is 27.1 inches. The

greatest snow depth at any one time during the period

of record was 33 inches recorded on February 27,

1962. On an average, 45 days per year have at least 1

inch of snow on the ground. The heaviest 1-day

snowfall on record was 14 inches recorded on March

3, 1977.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 70 percent in December and about 50 percent

in April. Humidity is higher at night, and the average at

dawn is about 80 percent (70 percent in April and

May). The sun shines about 70 percent of the time

possible in summer and 55 percent in winter. The

prevailing wind is from the northwest from November

to April and from the south in all other months.

Average windspeed is highest, around 13 miles per

hour, in April.

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of the

slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of

crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock.

They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which is

the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil.

The profile extends from the surface down into the

unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. The

unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other

living organisms and has not been changed by other

biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

of landform or with a segment of the landform. By

observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the

survey area and relating their position to specific

segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a

concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus,

during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist

to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the

kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location

on the landscape.
14

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate soil map, however,

soil scientists must determine the boundaries between

the soils. They can observe only a limited number of

soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification

used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind

and character of soil properties and the arrangement

of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data

based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map

unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating

boundaries accurately.

The descriptions, names, and delineations of the

soils in this survey area do not fully agree with those

of the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences are

the result of a better knowledge of soils, modifications

in series concepts, or variations in the intensity of

mapping or in the extent of the soils in the survey

areas.
15

The general soil map in this publication shows

broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils,

relief, and drainage. These broad areas are called

associations. Each association on the general soil

map is a unique natural landscape. Typically, it

consists of one or more major soils or miscellaneous

areas and some minor soils or miscellaneous areas. It

is named for the major soils or miscellaneous areas.

The soils or miscellaneous areas making up one

association can occur in another but in a different

pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare the

suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas

of suitable soils or miscellaneous areas can be

identified on the map. Likewise, areas that are not

suitable can be identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable

for planning the management of a farm or field or for

selecting a site for a road or building or other structure.

The soils in any one association differ from place to

place in slope, depth, drainage, and other

characteristics that affect management.

1. McCreath-Gillett Grove-Sac

Association

Nearly level to moderately sloping, moderately well

drained to poorly drained, silty soils that formed in

loess overlying Wisconsin (Tazewell) till; on uplands

(fig. 2)

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Broad upland

flats; knolls and rises

Slope range: 0 to 9 percent

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 17

percent

Extent of the components in the association:

McCreath soils—40 percent

Gillett Grove soils—30 percent

Sac soils—13 percent

Soils of minor extent—17 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

McCreath

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Landform and position on the landform: Upland divides

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Gillett Grove

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Landform and position on the landform: Broad upland

flats

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Sac

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Landform and position on the landform: Summits and

hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 2 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Soils of Minor Extent

• Afton, Annieville, Galva, and Roine soils

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

Major management considerations: McCreath and

Gillett Grove—wetness, maintaining fertility; Sac—

erosion, maintaining fertility

2. Wilmonton-Ransom-Afton

Association

Nearly level to gently sloping, somewhat poorly

drained and poorly drained, loamy and silty soils that

formed in loamy pedisediments overlying calcareous

till and in loess overlying Wisconsin (Tazewell) till; on

uplands

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Upland flats;

ridges and side slopes

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

General Soil Map Units
16 Soil Survey of

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 20

percent

Extent of the components in the association:

Wilmonton soils—19 percent

Ransom soils—17 percent

Afton soils—10 percent

Soils of minor extent—54 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Wilmonton

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Landform and position on the landform: Broad upland

flats

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam and clay

loam

Ransom

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Landform and position on the landform: Broad upland

flats

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Afton

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Landform and position on the landform: Upland

drainageways

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Soils of Minor Extent

• Colo, Everly, Galva, Gillett Grove, McCreath,

Moneta, and Sac soils

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

Major management considerations: Wetness,

maintaining fertility

Figure 2.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the McCreath-Gillett Grove-Sac association.
Clay County, Iowa 17

3. Moneta-Cornell Association

Strongly sloping to very steep, well drained and

moderately well drained, loamy and silty soils that

formed in calcareous Wisconsin (Tazewell) till and in

loess and loamy sediments overlying calcareous

Wisconsin (Tazewell) till; on uplands

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Side slopes in

valleys

Slope range: 9 to 40 percent

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 6 percent

Extent of the components in the association:

Moneta soils—64 percent

Cornell soils—1 percent

Soils of minor extent—35 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Moneta

Drainage class: Well drained

Slope range: 9 to 40 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Cornell

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slope range: 18 to 25 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Soils of Minor Extent

• Everly and Terril soils

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland and pasture

Major management considerations: Moneta—erosion,

calcareous surface layer, maintaining fertility;

Cornell—erosion, maintaining fertility

4. Wadena-Cylinder-Biscay Association

Nearly level to gently sloping, well drained to poorly

drained, loamy soils that formed in loamy alluvium

underlain by sand and gravel; on stream terraces and

outwash plains

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces and outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 5 percent

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 15

percent

Extent of the components in the association:

Wadena soils—41 percent

Cylinder soils—19 percent

Biscay soils—16 percent

Soils of minor extent—24 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Wadena

Drainage class: Well drained

Landform and position on the landform: Flats and

risers on stream terraces

Slope range: 0 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Cylinder

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Landform: Stream terraces and outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Biscay

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Landform: Stream terraces and outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Soils of Minor Extent

• Coland, Dickinson, Spillville, and Talcot soils

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

Major management considerations: Wadena—erosion,

droughtiness, maintaining fertility; Cylinder and

Biscay—wetness, maintaining fertility

5. Colo-Zook-Spillville Association

Nearly level, somewhat poorly drained and poorly

drained soils that formed in silty and loamy alluvium;

on bottom land

Setting

Landform: Bottom land

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 4 percent

Extent of the components in the association:

Colo soils—24 percent

Zook soils—4 percent

Spillville soils—4 percent

Soils of minor extent—68 percent
18 Soil Survey of

Soil Properties and Qualities

Colo

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Zook

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Spillville

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Soils of Minor Extent

• Calco soils and the channeled Coland and Colo soils

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland and wetlands

Major management considerations: Colo—flooding,

wetness; Zook—flooding, wetness,

restricted permeability; Spillville—flooding

(fig. 3)

6. Everly-Letri-Fostoria Association

Nearly level to strongly sloping, moderately well

drained to poorly drained, loamy soils that formed in

eolian material and pedisediments overlying till; on

uplands

Setting

Position on the landform: Ridges and side

slopes

Slope range: 0 to 14 percent

Figure 3.—Manmade drainage ditches help to lower the water table and control flooding on the nearly level flood plains in areas of

the Colo-Zook-Spillville association.
Clay County, Iowa 19

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 10

percent

Extent of the components in the association:

Everly soils—58 percent

Letri soils—32 percent

Fostoria soils—6 percent

Soils of minor extent—4 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Everly

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Summits of ridges and side

slopes

Slope range: 2 to 14 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Letri

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Fostoria

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and low rises

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Soils of Minor Extent

• Dickinson, May City, and Ocheyedan soils

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

Major management considerations: Everly—erosion,

maintaining fertility; Letri and Fostoria—wetness,

maintaining fertility

7. Clarion-Nicollet-Webster Association

Nearly level to moderately sloping, moderately well

drained to poorly drained, loamy soils that formed in till

or in local alluvium derived from till; on uplands (fig. 4)

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Nearly level to

moderately sloping upland flats; knolls and rises

on glacial ground moraines

Slope range: 0 to 9 percent

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 25

percent

Extent of the components in the association:

Clarion soils—40 percent

Nicollet soils—18 percent

Webster soils—15 percent

Soils of minor extent—27 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Clarion

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Knolls and rises

Slope range: 2 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Nicollet

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Webster

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Soils of Minor Extent

• Canisteo, Harps, Knoke, Okoboji, and Storden

soils

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

Major management considerations: Clarion—erosion,

maintaining fertility; Nicollet—wetness, erosion,

maintaining fertility; Webster—wetness,

maintaining fertility

8. Belmann-Fostoria, lacustrine

substratum-Waldorf Association

Nearly level to gently sloping, poorly drained and

somewhat poorly drained, silty and loamy soils that

formed in lacustrine sediments and in local alluvium

overlying lacustrine sediments; on glacial lake plains

Setting

Landform: Glacial lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 3 percent

Extent of the components in the association:

Belmann soils—24 percent

Fostoria, lacustrine substratum—20 percent
20

Waldorf soils—19 percent

Soils of minor extent—37 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Belmann

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Fostoria, lacustrine substratum

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and low rises

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Waldorf

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Soils of Minor Extent

• Belmann, gypsum phase; Dickinson and Ocheyedan

soils that have a lacustrine substratum; and Ocheda

soils

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

Major management considerations: Belmann—

wetness, gypsum, maintaining fertility; Fostoria

and Waldorf—wetness, maintaining fertility

Figure 4.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Clarion-Nicollet-Webster association.
21

The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps

in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous

areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in

this section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an

area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or

miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and

named according to the taxonomic classification of the

dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are

precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.

On the landscape, however, the soils are natural

phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of

some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a

single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped

without including areas of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils

or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and

some minor components that belong to taxonomic

classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of

the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus

they do not affect use and management. These are

called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They

may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit

description. Other minor components, however, have

properties and behavioral characteristics divergent

enough to affect use or to require different

management. These are called contrasting, or

dissimilar, components. They generally are in small

areas and could not be mapped separately because of

the scale used. Some small areas of strongly

contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified

by a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting

additional components are mentioned in the map unit

descriptions. A few areas of minor components may

not have been observed, and consequently they are

not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where

the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to

make enough observations to identify all the soils and

miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in

no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the

data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into landforms or landform segments that

have similar use and management requirements. The

delineation of such segments on the map provides

sufficient information for the development of resource

plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,

however, onsite investigation is needed to define and

locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes

general facts about the unit and gives the principal soil

properties and features to be considered in planning

for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer, all the soils of a series have major

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of

erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.

On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on

the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The

name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature

that affects use or management. For example, Fostoria

clay loam, lacustrine substratum, 1 to 3 percent

slopes, is a phase of the Fostoria series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are

called complexes. A complex consists of two or more

soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate

pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be

shown separately on the maps. The pattern and

proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are

somewhat similar in all areas. Clarion-Storden

complex, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded, is

an example.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. Pits, sand and gravel, is an example.

Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent

Detailed Soil Map Units
22 Soil Survey of

of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the

soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for

many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms

used in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas.

6—Okoboji silty clay loam, depressional,

0 to 1 percent slopes

Component Description

Okoboji and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Depressions on ground moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Silty alluvium washed from till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): 1 foot

above to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.3

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 8.3

percent

Additional Components

Knoke soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Harps soils: 3 to 7 percent of the unit

Okoboji mucky silty clay loam: 0 to 10 percent of the

unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

27B—Terril loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Component Description

Terril and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Drainageways, alluvial fans

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Local loamy alluvium and/or colluvium

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.4

percent

Additional Components

Spillville soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Clarion soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

27C—Terril loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes

Component Description

Terril and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Drainageways, alluvial fans

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Local loamy alluvium and/or colluvium

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.4

percent

Additional Components

Spillville soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

27D—Terril loam, 9 to 14 percent slopes

Component Description

Terril and similar soils

Extent: 65 to 85 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Drainageways

Slope range: 9 to 14 percent
Clay County, Iowa 23

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Local loamy alluvium and/or colluvium

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.4

percent

Additional Components

Coland soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Spillville soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

31—Afton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Component Description

Afton and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Drainageways on uplands

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loess and alluvium overlying till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.8

percent

Additional Components

Afton, frequently flooded: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Gillett Grove soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

McCreath soils: 0 to 5 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

34B—Estherville sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

Component Description

Estherville and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand and

gravel

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 4.1

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.6

percent

Additional Components

Hawick soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Wadena soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

41C—Sparta loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent

slopes

Component Description

Sparta and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Parent material: Eolian sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 4.2

inches
24 Soil Survey of

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.5

percent

Additional Components

Dickinson soils: 0 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

48—Knoke mucky silty clay loam,

depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Component Description

Knoke and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Depressions on ground moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Silty alluvium washed from till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): 1 foot

above to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.5

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 8.6

percent

Additional Components

Knoke silty clay loam: 0 to 15 percent of the unit

Harps soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

54—Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Component Description

Zook and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Silty alluvium

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 9.2

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.4

percent

Additional Components

Coland soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Colo soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Spillville soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

55—Nicollet loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

Component Description

Nicollet and similar soils

Extent: 60 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rises on ground moraines

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.5

percent

Additional Components

Clarion soils: 5 to 12 percent of the unit

Crippin soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Rolfe soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Webster soils: 0 to 7 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture
Clay County, Iowa 25

62F—Storden loam, 18 to 25 percent

slopes

Component Description

Storden and similar soils

Extent: 65 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 18 to 25 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.4

percent

Additional Components

Sunburg soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Omsrud, moderately eroded: 5 to 10 percent of the

unit

Terril soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Hayland and pasture (fig. 5)

77B—Sac silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Component Description

Sac and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ridges on uplands

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Figure 5.—Livestock pasture in an area of Storden loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes.
26 Soil Survey of

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loess overlying till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.3

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.6

percent

Additional Components

Annieville soils: 5 to 12 percent of the unit

McCreath soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

77C—Sac silty clay loam, 5 to 9 percent

slopes

Component Description

Sac and similar soils

Extent: 77 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loess overlying till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.3

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.6

percent

Additional Components

Annieville soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

77C2—Sac silty clay loam, 5 to 9 percent

slopes, moderately eroded

Component Description

Sac, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loess overlying till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.6

percent

Additional Components

Annieville soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

McCreath soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Ransom soils: 0 to 5 percent of the unit

Sac soils that are only slightly eroded: 5 to 15 percent

of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

90—Okoboji mucky silty clay loam,

depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Component Description

Okoboji mucky silty clay loam and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Depressions on ground

moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Mucky silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Silty alluvium washed from till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): 1 foot

above to 1 foot below the surface
Clay County, Iowa 27

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.8

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 13.7

percent

Additional Components

Harps soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Knoke soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Okoboji silty clay loam: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

95—Harps loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Component Description

Harps and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rims of depressions on ground

moraines

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Calcareous till or till-derived

sediments

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 4.7

percent

Additional Components

Canisteo soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Crippin soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Okoboji soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

107—Webster silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Component Description

Webster and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Swales on ground moraines; flats

on ground moraines

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Calcareous till or till-derived

sediments

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 6.1

percent

Additional Components

Canisteo soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Nicollet soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Okoboji soils: 0 to 5 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

108—Wadena loam, 24 to 32 inches to

sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Component Description

Wadena and similar soils

Extent: 60 to 85 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Outwash plains, stream terraces

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand or gravel

(fig. 6)

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 5.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.2

percent

Additional Components

Wadena soils that are 32 to 40 inches to sand and

gravel: 10 to 20 percent of the unit

Cylinder soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Estherville soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit
28 Soil Survey of

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

108B—Wadena loam, 24 to 32 inches to

sand and gravel, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Component Description

Wadena and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Outwash plains, stream terraces

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand or

gravel

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 5.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.2

percent

Additional Components

Wadena soils that are 32 to 40 inches to sand and

gravel: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Ridgeport soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Wadena soils that have slopes of 0 to 2 percent: 5 to

10 percent of the unit

Figure 6.—Areas of Wadena loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes, provide an economical source of sand

and gravel.
Clay County, Iowa 29

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

133—Colo silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Component Description

Colo and similar soils

Extent: 60 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Silty alluvium

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.7

percent

Additional Components

Zook soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Spillville soils: 0 to 15 percent of the unit

Calco soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

135—Coland clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Component Description

Coland and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.7

percent

Additional Components

Spillville soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Havelock soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

138B—Clarion loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Component Description

Clarion and similar soils

Extent: 60 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.3

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.2

percent

Additional Components

Nicollet soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Clarion, moderately eroded: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Storden soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

138C2—Clarion loam, 5 to 9 percent

slopes, moderately eroded

Component Description

Clarion, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 65 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent
30 Soil Survey of

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.8

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.4

percent

Additional Components

Clarion soils that are only slightly eroded: 5 to 15

percent of the unit

Terril soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Storden soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

175—Dickinson fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Component Description

Dickinson and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Stream terraces

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Eolian sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 5.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.5

percent

Additional Components

Dickman soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Ridgeport soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Wadena soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

175B—Dickinson fine sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

Component Description

Dickinson and similar soils

Extent: 65 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Stream terraces, uplands

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Eolian sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 5.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.9

percent

Additional Components

Dickman soils: 5 to 20 percent of the unit

Ridgeport soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Wadena soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

191—Rushmore silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Component Description

Rushmore and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats on uplands

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loess over till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 6

percent
Clay County, Iowa 31

Additional Components

Ransom soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Gillett Grove soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

201B—Coland-Terril complex, 1 to 5

percent slopes

Component Description

Coland and similar soils

Extent: 50 to 57 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Drainageways

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.7

percent

Terril and similar soils

Extent: 30 to 38 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Alluvial fans, drainageways

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Local loamy alluvium and/or colluvium

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.5

percent

Additional Components

Spillville soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

202—Cylinder loam, 24 to 32 inches to

sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Component Description

Cylinder, 24 to 32 inches to sand and gravel, and

similar soils

Extent: 65 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Stream terraces, outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand and

gravel

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 6.2

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 4.1

percent

Additional Components

Biscay soils that are 24 to 32 inches to sand and

gravel: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Cylinder soils that are 32 to 40 inches to sand and

gravel: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Wadena soils that are 24 to 32 inches to sand and

gravel: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

203—Cylinder loam, 32 to 40 inches to

sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Component Description

Cylinder, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, and

similar soils

Extent: 65 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Stream terraces, outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand and

gravel

Flooding: None
32 Soil Survey of

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 6.5

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 4.1

percent

Additional Components

Biscay soils that are 32 to 40 inches to sand and

gravel: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Cylinder soils that are 24 to 32 inches to sand and

gravel: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Wadena soils that are 24 to 32 inches to sand and

gravel: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

221—Klossner muck, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes

Component Description

Klossner and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Depressions on ground

moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Well decomposed organic material

and the underlying loamy material

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): 1 foot

above to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 16.5

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 35

percent

Additional Components

Harps soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Okoboji soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Wildlife habitat

259—Biscay clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to

sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Component Description

Biscay and similar soils

Extent: 55 to 85 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Stream terraces

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand and

gravel

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 7.8

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.6

percent

Additional Components

Biscay soils that are 24 to 32 inches to sand and

gravel: 10 to 20 percent of the unit

Cylinder soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Biscay, depressional: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

274—Rolfe silt loam, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes

Component Description

Rolfe and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Depressions on ground

moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Till-derived sediments and till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): 1 foot

above to 1 foot below the surface
Clay County, Iowa 33

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 9.6

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5

percent

Additional Components

Webster soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Okoboji soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

282—Ransom silty clay loam, 1 to 3

percent slopes

Component Description

Ransom and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rises on uplands

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loess over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 4.4

percent

Additional Components

McCreath soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Gillett Grove soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

308—Wadena loam, 32 to 40 inches to

sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Component Description

Wadena, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, and

similar soils

Extent: 60 to 85 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Stream terraces

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand or gravel

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 7.1

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.3

percent

Additional Components

Wadena soils that are 24 to 32 inches to sand and

gravel: 10 to 20 percent of the unit

Cylinder soils that are 32 to 40 inches to sand and

gravel: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Ridgeport soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

308B—Wadena loam, 32 to 40 inches to

sand and gravel, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Component Description

Wadena, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, and

similar soils

Extent: 65 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Stream terraces

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand or gravel

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 6.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.3

percent

Additional Components

Wadena soils that are 24 to 32 inches to sand and

gravel: 10 to 12 percent of the unit

Cylinder soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit
34 Soil Survey of

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

354—Aquolls (marsh), ponded, 0 to 1

percent slopes

Component Description

Aquolls (marsh), ponded, and similar soils

Extent: 65 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Depressions on ground moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Various textures

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Alluvium

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): 1 foot

above to 1 foot below the surface

Additional Components

Harps soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Klossner soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Okoboji soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Wildlife habitat

375—Fostoria clay loam, lacustrine

substratum, 1 to 3 percent slopes

Component Description

Fostoria, lacustrine substratum, and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rises in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over lacustrine

sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.2

percent

Additional Components

Belmann soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Dickman soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Dickinson, lacustrine substratum: 0 to 10 percent of

the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

376F—Cornell silty clay loam, 18 to 25

percent slopes

Component Description

Cornell and similar soils

Extent: 60 to 85 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 18 to 25 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy and silty sediments overlying

till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.2

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.3

percent

Additional Components

Moneta soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Everly, moderately eroded: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Terril soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Hayland and pasture

379—Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine

substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Component Description

Ocheyedan, lacustrine substratum, and similar

soils

Extent: 65 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam
Clay County, Iowa 35

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments overlying lacustrine

sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.3

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.2

percent

Additional Components

Dickinson, lacustrine substratum: 5 to 10 percent of

the unit

Fostoria, lacustrine substratum: 5 to 10 percent of the

unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

379B—Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine

substratum, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Component Description

Ocheyedan, lacustrine substratum, and similar

soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rises in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments overlying lacustrine

sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.3

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.2

percent

Additional Components

Dickinson, lacustrine substratum: 5 to 10 percent of

the unit

Fostoria, lacustrine substratum: 0 to 10 percent of the

unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

379C2—Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine

substratum, 5 to 9 percent slopes,

moderately eroded

Component Description

Ocheyedan, lacustrine substratum, moderately

eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rises in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments overlying lacustrine

sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.1

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.4

percent

Additional Components

Dickinson, lacustrine substratum, moderately eroded:

5 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

384—Collinwood clay, 1 to 3 percent

slopes

Component Description

Collinwood and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rises in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Lacustrine sediments
36 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 8.6

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.4

percent

Additional Components

Guckeen soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Waldorf soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

390—Waldorf silty clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Component Description

Waldorf and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.8

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 6.8

percent

Additional Components

Belmann soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Collinwood soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

397—Letri clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Component Description

Letri and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.4

percent

Additional Components

Wilmonton soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

433E—Moneta clay loam, 14 to 18 percent

slopes

Component Description

Moneta and similar soils

Extent: 60 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 14 to 18 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.3

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.3

percent

Additional Components

Everly, moderately eroded: 5 to 15 percent of the

unit

Terril soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Sac, moderately eroded: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Hayland and pasture
Clay County, Iowa 37

433F—Moneta clay loam, 18 to 25 percent

slopes

Component Description

Moneta and similar soils

Extent: 60 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 18 to 25 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.3

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.3

percent

Additional Components

Everly, moderately eroded: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Terril soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Pasture

433G—Moneta clay loam, 25 to 40 percent

slopes

Component Description

Moneta and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 25 to 40 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.3

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.3

percent

Additional Components

Terril soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Everly, moderately eroded: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Pasture

455—Wilmonton clay loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes

Component Description

Wilmonton and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats on uplands

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy pedisediments over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.2

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.6

percent

Additional Components

Everly soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Letri soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

456—Wilmonton silty clay loam, 1 to 3

percent slopes

Component Description

Wilmonton and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rises on uplands

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy pedisediments over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11

inches
38 Soil Survey of

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.2

percent

Additional Components

Everly soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Rushmore soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

485—Spillville loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Component Description

Spillville and similar soils

Extent: 60 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.8

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 4.5

percent

Additional Components

Coland soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Hanlon soils: 0 to 15 percent of the unit

Havelock soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

506—Wacousta silty clay loam,

depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Component Description

Wacousta and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Depressions on ground moraines

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Silty lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): 1 foot

above to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 8.9

percent

Additional Components

Calcousta soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Harps soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Klossner soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

507—Canisteo clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Component Description

Canisteo and similar soils

Extent: 55 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats on ground moraines

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Calcareous till or till-derived

sediments

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 6.5

percent

Additional Components

Webster soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Crippin soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Harps soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Okoboji soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture
Clay County, Iowa 39

541C—Estherville-Hawick complex, 5 to 9

percent slopes

Component Description

Estherville and similar soils

Extent: 40 to 80 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines, outwash plains

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand and

gravel

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 4.1

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.2

percent

Hawick and similar soils

Extent: 40 to 80 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines, outwash plains

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Gravelly loamy sand

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy outwash sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 3.2

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.9

percent

Additional Components

Terril soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

559—Talcot clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to

sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Component Description

Talcot and similar soils

Extent: 65 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Stream terraces, outwash

plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand and

gravel

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 6.8

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 6

percent

Additional Components

Talcot soils that are 24 to 32 inches to sand and

gravel: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Biscay, depressional: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Cylinder soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

577B—Everly clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Component Description

Everly and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ridges on uplands

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.5

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.4

percent

Additional Components

Everly, moderately eroded: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Wilmonton soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Sac soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit
40 Soil Survey of

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

577C2—Everly clay loam, 5 to 9 percent

slopes, moderately eroded

Component Description

Everly, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 60 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.2

percent

Additional Components

Everly soils that are only slightly eroded: 10 to 20

percent of the unit

Sac, moderately eroded: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Terril soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

637D2—Everly-Moneta complex, 9 to 14

percent slopes, moderately eroded

Component Description

Everly, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 30 to 55 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 9 to 14 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.2

percent

Moneta, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 30 to 50 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 9 to 14 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.2

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.9

percent

Additional Components

Terril soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Sac, moderately eroded: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

638C2—Clarion-Storden complex, 5 to 9

percent slopes, moderately eroded

Component Description

Clarion, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 48 to 58 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.8

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.2

percent

Storden, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 30 to 39 percent of the unit
Clay County, Iowa 41

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.5

percent

Additional Components

Clarion soils that are only slightly eroded: 0 to 10

percent of the unit

Sunburg, moderately eroded: 0 to 10 percent of the

unit

Terril soils: 3 to 7 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

672—May City sandy clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Component Description

May City and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats on uplands; outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly and loamy material

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 3.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.4

percent

Additional Components

Dickinson soils: 0 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

672B—May City sandy clay loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

Component Description

May City and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ridges on uplands; outwash

plains

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly and loamy material

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 3.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.4

percent

Additional Components

Hawick soils: 0 to 12 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

672C2—May City sandy clay loam, 5 to 9

percent slopes, moderately eroded

Component Description

May City, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands; outwash

plains

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Gravelly and loamy material

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 3.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2

percent
42 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Hawick soils: 5 to 12 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

709—Fairhaven silt loam, 32 to 40 inches

to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Component Description

Fairhaven and similar soils

Extent: 65 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Stream terraces

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Silty sediments over sand and gravel

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 7.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 4.3

percent

Additional Components

Fairhaven soils that are 24 to 32 inches to sand and

gravel: 10 to 12 percent of the unit

Cylinder soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

733—Calco silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Component Description

Calco and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Calcareous silty alluvium

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.9

percent

Additional Components

Colo soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Spillville soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

735—Havelock clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Component Description

Havelock and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy calcareous alluvium

Frequency of flooding: Occasional

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.7

percent

Additional Components

Coland soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Spillville soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

740D—Hawick gravelly loamy sand, 9 to

14 percent slopes

Component Description

Hawick and similar soils

Extent: 60 to 100 percent of the unit
Clay County, Iowa 43

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines, outwash plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, risers

Slope range: 9 to 14 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Gravelly loamy sand

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy outwash sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 3.2

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.9

percent

Additional Components

Estherville soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Dickman soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

810—Galva silty clay loam, terrace, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Component Description

Galva, terrace, and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Treads on stream terraces

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loess overlying sand and gravel

outwash

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.2

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 4.1

percent

Additional Components

Primghar soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

810B—Galva silty clay loam, terrace, 2 to

5 percent slopes

Component Description

Galva, terrace, and similar soils

Extent: 100 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Risers on stream terraces

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loess overlying sand and gravel

outwash

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.2

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.5

percent

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

828B—Zenor sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Component Description

Zenor and similar soils

Extent: 80 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Glacial outwash

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 3.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.7

percent

Additional Components

Sunburg soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Clarion soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit
44 Soil Survey of

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

828C2—Zenor sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent

slopes, moderately eroded

Component Description

Zenor, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 85 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Parent material: Glacial outwash

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 3.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.3

percent

Additional Components

Clarion, moderately eroded: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Sunburg soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Terril soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

835D2—Storden-Omsrud complex, 9 to 14

percent slopes, moderately eroded

Component Description

Storden, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 44 to 52 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 9 to 14 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.5

percent

Omsrud, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 29 to 40 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 9 to 14 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.5

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.2

percent

Additional Components

Sunburg soils: 0 to 15 percent of the unit

Terril soils: 3 to 7 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

835E2—Storden-Omsrud complex, 14 to

18 percent slopes, moderately eroded

Component Description

Storden, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 40 to 60 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 14 to 18 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.6

percent
Clay County, Iowa 45

Omsrud, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 30 to 50 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ground moraines

Slope range: 14 to 18 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Calcareous till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.5

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.2

percent

Additional Components

Storden soils that are only slightly eroded: 0 to 7

percent of the unit

Terril soils: 0 to 5 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

854D—Histosols, fens, 2 to 25 percent

slopes

Component Description

Histosols and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 25 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Various textures

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Organic material over till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Additional Components

Coland soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Klossner soils: 0 to 20 percent of the unit

Storden, moderately eroded: 0 to 10 percent of the

unit

Terril soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Wildlife habitat

874—Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine

substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Component Description

Dickinson, lacustrine substratum, and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Eolian sediments overlying lacustrine

sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 5.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.5

percent

Additional Components

Ocheyedan, lacustrine substratum: 5 to 12 percent of

the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

874B—Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine

substratum, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Component Description

Dickinson, lacustrine substratum, and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rises in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Eolian sediments overlying lacustrine

sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 5.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.5

percent
46 Soil Survey of

Additional Components

Ocheyedan, lacustrine substratum: 5 to 12 percent of

the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

874C2—Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine

substratum, 5 to 9 percent slopes,

moderately eroded

Component Description

Dickinson, lacustrine substratum, moderately

eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rises in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Eolian sediments overlying lacustrine

sediments

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 5.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 1.3

percent

Additional Components

Ocheyedan, lacustrine substratum, moderately

eroded: 5 to 12 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

875—Roine fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Component Description

Roine and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats on uplands

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Eolian sediments overlying till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 9.1

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.3

percent

Additional Components

Dickinson soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Ocheyedan soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

875B—Roine fine sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

Component Description

Roine and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ridges on uplands

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Eolian sediments overlying till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 9.1

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.3

percent

Additional Components

Ocheyedan soils: 5 to 12 percent of the unit

Dickinson soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture
Clay County, Iowa 47

875C2—Roine fine sandy loam, 5 to 9

percent slopes, moderately eroded

Component Description

Roine, moderately eroded, and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands

Slope range: 5 to 9 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Eolian sediments overlying till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 9.2

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 2.3

percent

Additional Components

Dickinson soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Ocheyedan soils: 0 to 7 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

878—Ocheyedan loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Component Description

Ocheyedan and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats on uplands

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.5

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.2

percent

Additional Components

Everly soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Fostoria soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

878B—Ocheyedan loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Component Description

Ocheyedan and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ridges on uplands

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.5

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.2

percent

Additional Components

Everly soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Fostoria soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Ocheyedan, moderately eroded: 0 to 10 percent of the

unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

879—Fostoria loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

Component Description

Fostoria and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Ridges on uplands

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)
48 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.6

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.2

percent

Additional Components

Everly soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Ocheyedan soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

928—Annieville silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Component Description

Annieville and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats on uplands

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loess over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.9

percent

Additional Components

Galva soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

McCreath soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Sac soils: 0 to 15 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

928B—Annieville silty clay loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

Component Description

Annieville and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Hillslopes on uplands; ridges on

uplands

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loess over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 4 to 6 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.9

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 3.5

percent

Additional Components

Galva soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Sac soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

McCreath soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

992—Gillett Grove silty clay loam,

depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Component Description

Gillett Grove and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Depressions on uplands

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loess overlying till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): 1 foot

above to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.1

inches
Clay County, Iowa 49

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 6.2

percent

Additional Components

Gillett Grove soils that are not in depressions: 10 to 20

percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

1053—Belmann clay loam, gypsum

phase, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Component Description

Belmann, gypsum phase, and similar soils

Extent: 65 to 90 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats in relict glacial lakes; swales

in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments overlying lacustrine

sediments

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 10.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 4.4

percent

Additional Components

Belmann soils that do not have gypsum: 5 to 10

percent of the unit

Okoboji soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Fostoria, lacustrine substratum: 0 to 10 percent of the

unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Tall grass prairie; prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

1091—McCreath silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Component Description

McCreath and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats on uplands

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loess over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.1

percent

Additional Components

Ransom soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Gillett Grove soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

1092—Gillett Grove silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Component Description

Gillett Grove and similar soils

Extent: 75 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats on uplands

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loess overlying till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.1

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 6.2

percent

Additional Components

McCreath soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Afton soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture
50 Soil Survey of

1133—Colo silty clay loam, channeled, 0

to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded

Component Description

Colo and similar soils

Extent: 65 to 85 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Silty alluvium

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 12.4

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5.8

percent

Additional Components

Colo soils that are not channeled: 0 to 20 percent of

the unit

Coland soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Water: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Wildlife habitat, pasture

1259—Biscay clay loam, 32 to 40 inches

to sand and gravel, depressional, 0 to

1 percent slopes

Component Description

Biscay, depressional, and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Depressions on stream terraces

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments over sand and

gravel

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): 1 foot

above to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 8.5

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 6.9

percent

Additional Components

Shandep soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Talcot soils: 5 to 10 percent of the unit

Biscay soils that are 24 to 32 inches to sand and

gravel: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

1385—Ocheda silty clay loam, 1 to 3

percent slopes

Component Description

Ocheda and similar soils

Extent: 85 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Rises on ground moraines

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Lacustrine sediments over till

Flooding: None

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 8.5

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5

percent

Additional Components

Collinwood soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Guckeen soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Nicollet soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Clarion soils: 0 to 5 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

1508—Belmann clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Component Description

Belmann and similar soils

Extent: 70 to 95 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flats in relict glacial lakes

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam
Clay County, Iowa 51

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy sediments overlying lacustrine

sediments

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 9.7

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 5

percent

Additional Components

Ocheyedan, lacustrine substratum: 5 to 15 percent of

the unit

Belmann, gypsum phase: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, and pasture

1585—Spillville-Coland complex,

channeled, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded

Component Description

Spillville and similar soils

Extent: 35 to 50 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): 1.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.6

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 4

percent

Coland and similar soils

Extent: 30 to 40 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Frequency of flooding: Frequent

Seasonal high water table (in undrained areas): At the

surface to 1 foot below the surface

Available water capacity to a depth of 60 inches: 11.3

inches

Content of organic matter in the upper 10 inches: 6

percent

Additional Components

Hanlon soils: 5 to 15 percent of the unit

Havelock soils: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Water: 0 to 10 percent of the unit

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Pasture, wildlife habitat

4000—Urban land

• This map unit consists of areas that are covered by

buildings, roads, streets, parking lots, mobile home

parks, and other structures. The original soils can no

longer be identified.

5010—Pits, sand and gravel

Component Description

Pits, sand and gravel

Definition: This map unit consists of areas from which

sand and gravel have been removed.

Extent: 100 percent of the unit

Geomorphic setting: Stream terraces

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sand and gravel

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Source of sand and gravel; wildlife habitat

5040—Udorthents, loamy (cut and fill

land)

Component Description

Udorthents, loamy

Extent: 100 percent of the unit

Slope range: 0 to 8 percent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)
52

Depth to seasonal high water table (in undrained

areas): More than 6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Management Considerations

Native plant cover: Prairie

Major uses: Fill material, wildlife habitat

5060—Pits, clay

Component Description

Pits, clay

Definition: This map unit consists of areas from which

clay has been removed for use as drainage tile.

Extent: 100 percent of the unit

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Management Considerations

Major uses: Wildlife habitat

AW—Animal waste

• This map unit consists of shallow ponds constructed

to hold animal waste from farm feedlots.

SL—Sewage lagoon

• This map unit consists of shallow ponds constructed

to hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid waste.

W—Water

• This map unit consists of natural bodies of water.
53

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; and as wildlife habitat.

It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations

of each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent

construction failures caused by unfavorable soil

properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in the survey

area. The survey can help planners to maintain or

create a land use pattern in harmony with the natural

soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand, gravel, and topsoil. They can use it to identify

areas where bedrock, wetness, or very firm soil layers

can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

Interpretive Ratings

The interpretive tables in this survey rate the soils in

the survey area for various uses. Many of the tables

identify the limitations that affect specified uses and

indicate the severity of those limitations. The ratings in

these tables are both verbal and numerical.

Rating Class Terms

Rating classes are expressed in the tables in terms

that indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by

all of the soil features that affect a specified use or in

terms that indicate the suitability of the soils for the

use. Thus, the tables may show limitation classes or

suitability classes. Terms for the limitation classes are

not limited, somewhat limited, and very limited. The

suitability ratings are expressed as well suited,

moderately suited, poorly suited, and unsuited or as

good, fair, and poor.

Numerical Ratings

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the relative

severity of individual limitations. The ratings are shown

as decimal fractions ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. They

indicate gradations between the point at which a soil

feature has the greatest negative impact on the use

and the point at which the soil feature is not a

limitation. The limitations appear in order from the

most limiting to the least limiting. Thus, if more than

one limitation is identified, the most severe limitation is

listed first and the least severe one is listed last.

Crops and Pasture

General management needed for crops and pasture

is suggested in this section. The estimated yields of

the main crops and pasture plants are listed, the

system of land capability classification used by the

Natural Resources Conservation Service is explained,

and prime farmland is described.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider the detailed

information given in the description of each soil under

the heading “Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific

information can be obtained from the local office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Cooperative Extension Service.

Use and Management of the Soils
54 Soil Survey of

Cropland Management Considerations

The management concerns affecting the use of the

detailed soil map units for crops are shown in table 5.

The main concerns in managing nonirrigated cropland

are conserving moisture, controlling wind erosion and

water erosion, and maintaining soil fertility.

Conserving moisture consists primarily of reducing

the evaporation and runoff rates and increasing the

water infiltration rate. Applying conservation tillage and

conservation cropping systems, farming on the

contour, stripcropping, establishing field windbreaks,

and leaving crop residue on the surface conserve

moisture.

Generally, a combination of several practices is

needed to control wind erosion and water erosion.

Conservation tillage, stripcropping, field windbreaks,

contour farming, conservation cropping systems, crop

residue management, terraces, diversions, and

grassed waterways (fig. 7) help to prevent excessive

soil loss.

Measures that are effective in maintaining soil

fertility include applying fertilizer, both organic and

inorganic, including manure; incorporating crop

residue or green manure crops into the soil; and using

proper crop rotations. Controlling erosion helps to

prevent the loss of organic matter and plant nutrients

and thus helps to maintain productivity, although the

level of fertility can be reduced even in areas where

erosion is controlled. All soils used for nonirrigated

crops respond well to applications of fertilizer.

Some of the considerations shown in the table

cannot be easily overcome. These are channels,

flooding, gullies, and ponding.

Additional considerations include the following:

Lime content, limited available water capacity,

potential poor tilth and compaction, and restricted

permeability.—These limitations can be minimized by

incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop

residue into the soil; applying a system of

conservation tillage; and using conservation cropping

systems. Also, crops may respond well to additions of

phosphate fertilizer in areas of soils that have a high

content of lime.

Potential for ground-water contamination.—The

proper use of nutrients and pesticides can reduce the

risk of ground-water contamination.

Potential for surface-water contamination.—The risk

of surface-water contamination can be reduced by the

proper use of nutrients and pesticides and by

conservation farming practices that reduce the runoff

rate.

Surface crusting.—This limitation retards seedling

development after periods of heavy rainfall.

Surface rock fragments.—This limitation causes

rapid wear of tillage equipment. It cannot be easily

overcome.

Surface stones.—Stones or boulders on or near the

surface can hinder normal tillage unless they are

removed.

Salt content.—In areas where this is a limitation,

only salt-tolerant crops should be grown.

On irrigated soils the main management concerns

are efficient water use, nutrient management, control

of erosion, pest and weed control, and timely planting

and harvesting for a successful crop. An irrigation

system that provides optimum control and distribution

of water at minimum cost is needed. Overirrigation

wastes water, leaches plant nutrients, and causes

erosion. Also, it can increase wetness and soil salinity.

Explanation of Criteria

Acid soil.—The pH is less than 6.1.

Channeled.—The word “channeled” is included in

the map unit name.

Dense layer.—The bulk density is 1.80 g/cc or

greater within the soil profile.

Depth to rock.—The depth to bedrock is less than

40 inches.

Eroded.—The word “eroded” is included in the map

unit name.

Excessive permeability.—Saturated hydraulic

conductivity is 42 micrometers per second or more

within the soil profile.

Flooding.—Flooding is occasional, frequent, or very

frequent.

Gullied.—The word “gullied” is included in the map

unit name.

High content of organic matter.—The surface layer

has more than 20 percent organic matter.

Lime content.—The pH is 7.4 or more in the surface

layer, or the wind erodibility group is 4L.

Limited available water capacity.—The available

water capacity calculated to a depth of 60 inches or to

a root-limiting layer is 6 inches or less.

Limited content of organic matter.—The content of

organic matter is 2 percent or less in the surface

layer.

Ponding.—Ponding duration is assigned to the map

unit component. Water is above the surface.

Potential poor tilth and compaction.—The content of

clay is 27 percent or more in the surface layer.

Potential for ground-water contamination (by

nutrients or pesticides).—The depth to a seasonal

high water table is 4 feet or less, the saturated

hydraulic conductivity of any layer is more than 42

micrometers per second, or the depth to bedrock is

less than 60 inches.
Clay County, Iowa 55

Potential for surface-water contamination (by

nutrients or pesticides).—The map unit component is

occasionally, frequently, or very frequently flooded, is

subject to ponding, is assigned to hydrologic group C

or D and has a slope of more than 2 percent, is

assigned to hydrologic group A and has a slope of

more than 6 percent, or is assigned to hydrologic

group B, has a slope of 3 percent or more, and has a

K factor of more than 0.17.

Restricted permeability.—Saturated hydraulic

conductivity is less than 0.42 micrometer per second

within the soil profile.

Salt content.—The electrical conductivity is 4 or

more in the surface layer or 8 or more within a depth

of 30 inches.

Seasonal high water table.—The water table is

within 2.5 feet of the surface.

Slope (equipment limitation).—The slope is more

than 15 percent.

Surface crusting.—The content of clay in the

surface layer is 27 percent or more, and the content of

organic matter is 2 percent or less.

Surface rock fragments (equipment limitation).—

The terms describing the texture of the surface layer

include any rock fragment modifier, except for gravelly,

channery, stony, very stony, extremely stony, bouldery,

very bouldery, and extremely bouldery.

Surface stones (equipment limitation).—The word

“stony” or “bouldery” is included in the description of

the surface layer, or at least 0.01 percent of the

surface is covered with boulders.

Water erosion.—Either the slope is 6 percent or

more, or the slope is more than 3 percent and less

than 6 percent and the surface layer is not sandy.

Wind erosion.—The wind erodibility group is 1, 2, 3,

or 4L.

Hydrologic groups are described under the heading

“Water Features.” Erosion factors (e.g., K factor) and

wind erodibility groups are described under the

heading “Physical Properties.”

Figure 7.—Grassed waterways, contour farming, and other conservation practices help to control erosion in many areas of Clay

County, particularly in areas of MLRA 107.
56 Soil Survey of

Crop Yield Estimates

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in table 6. In any given year,

yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in

the table because of variations in rainfall and other

climatic factors. The land capability classification of

each soil also is shown in the table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and

results of field trials and demonstrations also are

considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in table 6 are grown

in the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed

because the acreage of such crops is small. The local

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or of the Cooperative Extension Service can provide

information about the management and productivity of

the soils for those crops.

Table 6 also shows the corn suitability rating (CSR)

for the soils in the survey area. Corn suitability ratings

provide a relative ranking of all soils mapped in the

State of Iowa based on their potential to be utilized for

the intensive production of row crops. The CSR is an

index that can be used to rate the potential production

of one soil compared with another over a period of

time. The CSR considers average weather conditions

and frequency of use of the soil for row crops. Ratings

range from 100 for soils that have no physical

limitations, are on minimal slopes, and can be

continuously row cropped to as low as 5 for soils that

have severe limitations affecting the production of row

crops. The ratings listed in this table assume adequate

management, natural weather conditions (no

irrigation), artificial drainage where required, and no

land leveling or terracing. They also assume that soils

in the lower positions on the landscape are not

affected by frequent damaging floods. The weighted

CSR for a given field can be modified by the

occurrence of sandy spots, local deposits, rock and

gravel outcrops, field boundaries, and noncrossable

drainageways. Even though predicted average yields

will change with time, the CSRs are expected to

remain relatively constant in relation to one another.

The CSRs in Clay County range from 83 (for map

unit 1091) to 5 (for map unit 41C, for example). No

ratings are provided for miscellaneous areas because

of the variability of properties and use of these areas.

Inherent subsoil fertility levels, in terms of potential

plant-available phosphorus and potassium, also are

given in table 6. Soil tests of the tilled layer are used to

determine the most profitable rates of fertilizers for

various crops. Nutrient levels in the subsurface layers

influence crop yields, particularly in the drier seasons

when the nutrients in the dry tilled layer become

temporarily unavailable to plants. The availability of

nutrients in the tilled layer and the subsoil influences

the relative uptake from the two zones in the soil

profile. Fertilizer recommendations based on soil tests

of the tilled layer may be adjusted by the average

nutrient levels in the subsoil of each soil series.

Fertilizer recommendations are adjusted for subsoil

nutrient levels. The ratings given in the table are

described as follows:

Subsoil phosphorus.—The amount of plantavailable phosphorus in the subsoil expressed in parts

per million and based on the weighted average of airdried soil samples from the subsoil (at a depth of 30 to

42 inches). (The value listed for complexes is the most

limiting value of the soils identified in the map unit

name.) A rating of very low indicates less than 7.5

ppm; low, 7.5 to 13.0 ppm; medium, 13.0 to 22.5 ppm;

and high, more than 22.5 ppm.

Subsoil potassium.—The amount of plant-available

potassium in the subsoil expressed in parts per million

and based on the weighted average of air-dried soil

samples from the subsoil (at a depth of 12 to 24

inches). (The value listed for complexes is the most

limiting value of the soils identified in the map unit

name.) A rating of very low indicates less than 50

ppm; low, 50 to 79 ppm; medium, 79 to 125 ppm; and

high, more than 125 ppm.

Pasture and Hayland Interpretations

Under good management, proper grazing is

essential for the production of high-quality forage,

stand survival, and erosion control. Proper grazing
Clay County, Iowa 57

helps plants to maintain sufficient and generally

vigorous top growth during the growing season. Brush

control is essential in many areas, and weed control

generally is needed. Rotation grazing and renovation

also are important management practices.

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal pasture and hay crops under a high

level of management are shown in table 7. Yield

estimates are often provided in animal unit months

(AUM), or the amount of forage or feed required to

feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse, one mule,

five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.

The local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or of the Cooperative Extension

Service can provide information about forage yields

other than those shown in the table.

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops.

Crops that require special management are excluded.

The soils are grouped according to their limitations for

field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for

crops, and the way they respond to management. The

criteria used in grouping the soils do not take into

account major and generally expensive landforming

that would change slope, depth, or other

characteristics of the soils, nor do they include

possible but unlikely major reclamation projects.

Capability classification is not a substitute for

interpretations designed to show suitability and

limitations of groups of soils for woodland or for

engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils generally are grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit

(USDA, 1961). These categories indicate the degree

and kinds of limitations affecting mechanized farming

systems that produce the more commonly grown field

crops, such as corn, small grain, cotton, hay, and fieldgrown vegetables. Only class and subclass are used

in this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by the numbers 1 through 8. The numbers

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use.

If properly managed, soils in classes 1, 2, 3, and 4

are suitable for the mechanized production of

commonly grown field crops and for pasture and

woodland. The degree of the soil limitations affecting

the production of cultivated crops increases

progressively from class 1 to class 4. The limitations

can affect levels of production and the risk of

permanent soil deterioration caused by erosion and

other factors.

Soils in classes 5, 6, and 7 are generally not suited

to the mechanized production of commonly grown field

crops without special management, but they are

suitable for plants that provide a permanent cover,

such as grasses and trees. The severity of the soil

limitations affecting crops increases progressively

from class 5 to class 7.

Areas in class 8 are generally not suitable for crops,

pasture, or woodland without a level of management

that is impractical. These areas may have potential for

other uses, such as recreational facilities and wildlife

habitat.

Capability subclasses identify the dominant kind of

limitation in the class. They are designated by adding a

small letter, e, w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for

example, 2e. The letter e shows that the main hazard

is the risk of erosion unless a close-growing plant

cover is maintained; w shows that water in or on the

soil interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some

soils the wetness has been partly corrected by

artificial drainage); s shows that the soil is limited

mainly because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c,

used in only some parts of the United States, shows

that the chief limitation is climate that is very cold or

very dry.

There are no subclasses in class 1 because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use mainly to pasture, woodland, wildlife habitat, or

recreation.

The capability classification of the soils in the

survey area is given in tables 6 and 7.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is of major importance in meeting

the Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. The acreage of high-quality farmland is limited,

and the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that government at local, State, and Federal levels, as

well as individuals, must encourage and facilitate the

wise use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland soils, as defined by the U.S.

Department of Agriculture, are soils that are best

suited to food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops.

Such soils have properties that favor the economic

production of sustained high yields of crops. The soils

need only to be treated and managed by acceptable

farming methods. An adequate moisture supply and a
58 Soil Survey of

sufficiently long growing season are required. Prime

farmland soils produce the highest yields with minimal

expenditure of energy and economic resources, and

farming these soils results in the least damage to the

environment.

Prime farmland soils may presently be used as

cropland, pasture, or woodland or for other purposes.

They either are used for food and fiber or are available

for these uses. Urban or built-up land, public land, and

water areas cannot be considered prime farmland.

Urban or built-up land is any contiguous unit of land 10

acres or more in size that is used for such purposes

as housing, industrial, and commercial sites, sites for

institutions or public buildings, small parks, golf

courses, cemeteries, railroad yards, airports, sanitary

landfills, sewage treatment plants, and water-control

structures. Public land is land not available for farming

in National forests, National parks, military

reservations, and State parks.

Prime farmland soils commonly receive an

adequate and dependable supply of moisture from

precipitation or irrigation. The temperature and growing

season are favorable, and the level of acidity or

alkalinity and the content of salts and sodium are

acceptable. The soils have few, if any, rocks and are

permeable to water and air. They are not excessively

erodible or saturated with water for long periods, and

they are not frequently flooded during the growing

season or are protected from flooding. Slopes range

mainly from 0 to 6 percent.

Soils that have a high water table or are subject to

flooding may qualify as prime farmland where these

limitations are overcome by drainage measures or

flood control. Onsite evaluation is necessary to

determine the effectiveness of corrective measures.

More information about the criteria for prime farmland

can be obtained at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

A recent trend in land use has been the conversion

of prime farmland to urban and industrial uses. The

loss of prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on

lands that are less productive than prime farmland.

About 310,870 acres, or nearly 85 percent of the

survey area, meets the requirements for prime

farmland.

The map units in the survey area that meet the

requirements for prime farmland are listed in table 8.

This list does not constitute a recommendation for a

particular land use. On some soils included in the

table, measures that overcome limitations are needed.

The need for these measures is indicated in

parentheses after the map unit name. The location of

each map unit is shown on the detailed soil maps. The

soil qualities that affect use and management are

described in the section “Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings

Windbreaks protect livestock, buildings, yards, fruit

trees, gardens, and cropland from wind and snow;

help to keep snow on fields; and provide food and

cover for wildlife. Field windbreaks are narrow

plantings made at right angles to the prevailing wind

and at specific intervals across the field. The interval

depends on the erodibility of the soil.

Environmental plantings help to beautify and screen

houses and other buildings and to abate noise. The

plants, mostly evergreen shrubs and trees, are closely

spaced. To ensure plant survival, a healthy planting

stock of suitable species should be planted properly

on a well prepared site and maintained in good

condition.

Table 9 shows the height that locally grown trees

and shrubs are expected to reach in 20 years on

various soils. The estimates in table 9 are based on

measurements and observation of established

plantings that have been given adequate care. They

can be used as a guide in planning windbreaks and

screens. Additional information on planning

windbreaks and screens and planting and caring for

trees and shrubs can be obtained from the local office

of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or of

the Cooperative Extension Service or from a

commercial nursery.

Woodland Management and

Productivity

Table 10 can help woodland owners or forest

managers plan the use of soils for wood crops. Only

those soils suitable for wood crops are listed.

The potential productivity of merchantable or

common trees on a soil is expressed as a site index

and as a volume number. The site index is the average

height, in feet, that dominant and codominant trees of

a given species attain in a specified number of years.

The site index applies to fully stocked, even-aged,

unmanaged stands. Commonly grown trees are those

that woodland managers generally favor in

intermediate or improvement cuttings. They are

selected on the basis of growth rate, quality, value,

and marketability.

The volume, a number, is the yield likely to be

produced by the most important trees. This number,
Clay County, Iowa 59

expressed as cubic feet per acre per year, indicates

the amount of fiber produced in a fully stocked, evenaged, unmanaged stand.

Trees to manage are those that are suitable for

commercial wood production.

Recreation

The soils of the survey area are rated in tables 11a

and 11b according to limitations that affect their

suitability for recreation. The ratings are both verbal

and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent

to which the soils are limited by all of the soil features

that affect the recreational uses. Not limited indicates

that the soil has features that are very favorable for the

specified use. Good performance and very low

maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited

indicates that the soil has features that are moderately

favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be

overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or

installation. Fair performance and moderate

maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates

that the soil has one or more features that are

unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations

generally cannot be overcome without major soil

reclamation, special design, or expensive installation

procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance

can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity

of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as

decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They

indicate gradations between the point at which a soil

feature has the greatest negative impact on the use

(1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a

limitation (0.00).

The ratings in the tables are based on restrictive

soil features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of

the surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is

considered. Not considered in the ratings, but

important in evaluating a site, are the location and

accessibility of the area, the size and shape of the

area and its scenic quality, vegetation, access to

water, potential water impoundment sites, and access

to public sewer lines. The capacity of the soil to absorb

septic tank effluent and the ability of the soil to support

vegetation also are important. Soils that are subject to

flooding are limited for recreational uses by the

duration and intensity of flooding and the season when

flooding occurs. In planning recreational facilities,

onsite assessment of the height, duration, intensity,

and frequency of flooding is essential.

The information in tables 11a and 11b can be

supplemented by other information in this survey, for

example, interpretations for building site development,

construction materials, sanitary facilities, and water

management.

Camp areas require site preparation, such as

shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,

stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and

installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp

areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The ratings are based on the soil

properties that affect the ease of developing camp

areas and the performance of the areas after

development. Slope, stoniness, and depth to bedrock

or a cemented pan are the main concerns affecting

the development of camp areas. The soil properties

that affect the performance of the areas after

development are those that influence trafficability and

promote the growth of vegetation, especially in heavily

used areas. For good trafficability, the surface of camp

areas should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under

heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil

properties that influence trafficability are texture of the

surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding,

permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that

affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in

the soil.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The ratings are based on the soil

properties that affect the ease of developing picnic

areas and that influence trafficability and the growth of

vegetation after development. Slope and stoniness are

the main concerns affecting the development of picnic

areas. For good trafficability, the surface of picnic

areas should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under

heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil

properties that influence trafficability are texture of the

surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding,

permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that

affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in

the soil.

Playgrounds require soils that are nearly level, are

free of stones, and can withstand intensive foot traffic.

The ratings are based on the soil properties that affect

the ease of developing playgrounds and that influence

trafficability and the growth of vegetation after

development. Slope and stoniness are the main

concerns affecting the development of playgrounds.

For good trafficability, the surface of the playgrounds

should absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy

foot traffic, and not be dusty when dry. The soil

properties that influence trafficability are texture of the

surface layer, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding,

permeability, and large stones. The soil properties that
60 Soil Survey of

affect the growth of plants are depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, permeability, and toxic substances in

the soil.

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding

should require little or no slope modification through

cutting and filling. The ratings are based on the soil

properties that affect trafficability and erodibility. These

properties are stoniness, depth to a water table,

ponding, flooding, slope, and texture of the surface

layer.

Off-road motorcycle trails require little or no site

preparation. They are not covered with surfacing

material or vegetation. Considerable compaction of the

soil material is likely. The ratings are based on the soil

properties that influence erodibility, trafficability,

dustiness, and the ease of revegetation. These

properties are stoniness, slope, depth to a water table,

ponding, flooding, and texture of the surface layer.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. Irrigation is not considered in the ratings. The

ratings are based on the soil properties that affect

plant growth and trafficability after vegetation is

established. The properties that affect plant growth are

reaction; depth to a water table; ponding; depth to

bedrock or a cemented pan; the available water

capacity in the upper 40 inches; the content of salts,

sodium, or calcium carbonate; and sulfidic materials.

The properties that affect trafficability are flooding,

depth to a water table, ponding, slope, stoniness, and

the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the

surface layer. The suitability of the soil for traps, tees,

roughs, and greens is not considered in the ratings.

Wildlife Habitat

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. The

kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the

amount and distribution of food, cover, and water.

Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing

plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment

of desirable plants.

In table 12, the soils in the survey area are rated

according to their potential for providing habitat for

various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used

in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas,

and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils

that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in

determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or

very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element

or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,

and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of

fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places.

Moderately intensive management is required for

satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or

kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or

maintained in most places, but management is difficult

and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates

that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are

very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be

expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat

is impractical or impossible.

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties

and features that affect the growth of grain and seed

crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope, surface

stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil

moisture also are considerations. Examples of grain

and seed crops are corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, and

barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer,

available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness,

flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture

also are considerations. Examples of grasses and

legumes are bromegrass, timothy, orchardgrass,

clover, and alfalfa.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of these

plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the

surface layer, available water capacity, wetness,

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and

soil moisture also are considerations. Examples of wild

herbaceous plants are bluestem, bluegrass,

dandelions, goldenrod, ragweed, wheatgrass, and

nightshade.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the

growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the

root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.

Examples of these plants are oak, poplar, box elder,

birch, maple, green ash, willow, and American elm.
Clay County, Iowa 61

Examples of fruit-producing shrubs that are suitable

for planting on soils rated good are Russian-olive,

autumn-olive, and crabapple.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of

coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth

of the root zone, available water capacity, and

wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine,

spruce, fir, cedar, and juniper.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction,

salinity, slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of

wetland plants are smartweed, wild millet, wildrice,

rushes, sedges, and reeds.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are

created by dams, levees, or other water-control

structures. Soil properties and features affecting

shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness,

surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples

of shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl feeding

areas, and ponds.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described

in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these

areas include Hungarian partridge, ring-necked

pheasant, bobwhite quail, sharp-tailed grouse,

meadowlark, field sparrow, killdeer, cottontail rabbit,

and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

deciduous and/or coniferous plants and associated

grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife

attracted to these areas include wild turkey, ruffed

grouse, woodcock, thrushes, woodpeckers, owls, tree

squirrels, gray fox, raccoon, and deer.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife

attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons,

shore birds, muskrat, mink, and beaver.

Engineering

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the data in the tables described under the

heading “Soil Properties.”

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil between the surface and a

depth of 5 to 7 feet. Because of the map scale, small

areas of different soils may be included within the

mapped areas of a specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil

survey, determinations were made about particle-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 to 7

feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a water

table, ponding, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil

structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were

collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of

the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed

cations. Estimates were made for erodibility,

permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, and other behavioral

characteristics affecting engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate

potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil;

plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds,

terraces, and other structures for soil and water

conservation; and predict performance of proposed

small structures and pavements by comparing the

performance of existing similar structures on the same

or similar soils.
62 Soil Survey of

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

Soil properties influence the development of

building sites, including the selection of the site, the

design of the structure, construction, performance

after construction, and maintenance. Tables 13a and

13b show the degree and kind of soil limitations that

affect dwellings with and without basements, small

commercial buildings, local roads and streets, shallow

excavations, and lawns and landscaping.

The ratings in the tables are both verbal and

numerical. Rating class terms indicate the extent to

which the soils are limited by all of the soil features

that affect building site development. Not limited

indicates that the soil has features that are very

favorable for the specified use. Good performance and

very low maintenance can be expected. Somewhat

limited indicates that the soil has features that are

moderately favorable for the specified use. The

limitations can be overcome or minimized by special

planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and

moderate maintenance can be expected. Very limited

indicates that the soil has one or more features that

are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations

generally cannot be overcome without major soil

reclamation, special design, or expensive installation

procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance

can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity

of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as

decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They

indicate gradations between the point at which a soil

feature has the greatest negative impact on the use

(1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a

limitation (0.00).

Dwellings are single-family houses of three stories

or less. For dwellings without basements, the

foundation is assumed to consist of spread footings of

reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil at a depth

of 2 feet or at the depth of maximum frost penetration,

whichever is deeper. For dwellings with basements,

the foundation is assumed to consist of spread

footings of reinforced concrete built on undisturbed soil

at a depth of about 7 feet. The ratings for dwellings are

based on the soil properties that affect the capacity of

the soil to support a load without movement and on

the properties that affect excavation and construction

costs. The properties that affect the load-supporting

capacity include depth to a water table, ponding,

flooding, subsidence, linear extensibility (shrink-swell

potential), and compressibility. Compressibility is

inferred from the Unified classification. The properties

that affect the ease and amount of excavation include

depth to a water table, ponding, flooding, slope, depth

to bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or

a cemented pan, and the amount and size of rock

fragments.

Small commercial buildings are structures that are

less than three stories high and do not have

basements. The foundation is assumed to consist of

spread footings of reinforced concrete built on

undisturbed soil at a depth of 2 feet or at the depth of

maximum frost penetration, whichever is deeper. The

ratings are based on the soil properties that affect the

capacity of the soil to support a load without

movement and on the properties that affect excavation

and construction costs. The properties that affect the

load-supporting capacity include depth to a water

table, ponding, flooding, subsidence, linear

extensibility (shrink-swell potential), and

compressibility (which is inferred from the Unified

classification). The properties that affect the ease and

amount of excavation include flooding, depth to a

water table, ponding, slope, depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a cemented

pan, and the amount and size of rock fragments.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base

of gravel, crushed rock, or soil material stabilized by

lime or cement; and a surface of flexible material

(asphalt), rigid material (concrete), or gravel with a

binder. The ratings are based on the soil properties

that affect the ease of excavation and grading and the

traffic-supporting capacity. The properties that affect

the ease of excavation and grading are depth to

bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a

cemented pan, depth to a water table, ponding,

flooding, the amount of large stones, and slope. The

properties that affect the traffic-supporting capacity

are soil strength (as inferred from the AASHTO group

index number), subsidence, linear extensibility (shrinkswell potential), the potential for frost action, depth to a

water table, and ponding.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for graves, utility lines,

open ditches, or other purposes. The ratings are

based on the soil properties that influence the ease of

digging and the resistance to sloughing. Depth to

bedrock or a cemented pan, hardness of bedrock or a
Clay County, Iowa 63

cemented pan, the amount of large stones, and dense

layers influence the ease of digging, filling, and

compacting. Depth to the seasonal high water table,

flooding, and ponding may restrict the period when

excavations can be made. Slope influences the ease

of using machinery. Soil texture, depth to the water

table, and linear extensibility (shrink-swell potential)

influence the resistance to sloughing.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. Irrigation is not considered in the

ratings. The ratings are based on the soil properties

that affect plant growth and trafficability after

vegetation is established. The properties that affect

plant growth are reaction; depth to a water table;

ponding; depth to bedrock or a cemented pan; the

available water capacity in the upper 40 inches; the

content of salts, sodium, or calcium carbonate; and

sulfidic materials. The properties that affect

trafficability are flooding, depth to a water table,

ponding, slope, stoniness, and the amount of sand,

clay, or organic matter in the surface layer.

Sanitary Facilities

Tables 14a and 14b show the degree and kind of

soil limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,

sewage lagoons, sanitary landfills, and daily cover for

landfill. The ratings are both verbal and numerical.

Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the

soils are limited by all of the soil features that affect

these uses. Not limited indicates that the soil has

features that are very favorable for the specified use.

Good performance and very low maintenance can be

expected. Somewhat limited indicates that the soil has

features that are moderately favorable for the specified

use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by

special planning, design, or installation. Fair

performance and moderate maintenance can be

expected. Very limited indicates that the soil has one

or more features that are unfavorable for the specified

use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome

without major soil reclamation, special design, or

expensive installation procedures. Poor performance

and high maintenance can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity

of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as

decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They

indicate gradations between the point at which a soil

feature has the greatest negative impact on the use

(1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a

limitation (0.00).

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil

through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that

part of the soil between depths of 24 and 60 inches is

evaluated. The ratings are based on the soil properties

that affect absorption of the effluent, construction and

maintenance of the system, and public health.

Permeability, depth to a water table, ponding, depth to

bedrock or a cemented pan, and flooding affect

absorption of the effluent. Stones and boulders, ice,

and bedrock or a cemented pan interfere with

installation. Subsidence interferes with installation and

maintenance. Excessive slope may cause lateral

seepage and surfacing of the effluent in downslope

areas.

Some soils are underlain by loose sand and gravel

or fractured bedrock at a depth of less than 4 feet

below the distribution lines. In these soils the

absorption field may not adequately filter the effluent,

particularly when the system is new. As a result, the

ground water may become contaminated.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted soil. Nearly impervious soil material for

the lagoon floor and sides is required to minimize

seepage and contamination of ground water.

Considered in the ratings are slope, permeability,

depth to a water table, ponding, depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of

organic matter.

Soil permeability is a critical property affecting the

suitability for sewage lagoons. Most porous soils

eventually become sealed when they are used as sites

for sewage lagoons. Until sealing occurs, however, the

hazard of pollution is severe. Soils that have a

permeability rate of more than 2 inches per hour are

too porous for the proper functioning of sewage

lagoons. In these soils, seepage of the effluent can

result in contamination of the ground water. Groundwater contamination is also a hazard if fractured

bedrock is within a depth of 40 inches, if the water

table is high enough to raise the level of sewage in the

lagoon, or if floodwater overtops the lagoon.

A high content of organic matter is detrimental to

proper functioning of the lagoon because it inhibits

aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans

can cause construction problems, and large stones

can hinder compaction of the lagoon floor. If the

lagoon is to be uniformly deep throughout, the slope

must be gentle enough and the soil material must be

thick enough over bedrock or a cemented pan to make

land smoothing practical.

A trench sanitary landfill is an area where solid

waste is placed in successive layers in an excavated
64 Soil Survey of

trench. The waste is spread, compacted, and covered

daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the site.

When the trench is full, a final cover of soil material at

least 2 feet thick is placed over the landfill. The ratings

in the table are based on the soil properties that affect

the risk of pollution, the ease of excavation,

trafficability, and revegetation. These properties

include permeability, depth to bedrock or a cemented

pan, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, flooding,

texture, stones and boulders, highly organic layers,

soil reaction, and content of salts and sodium. Unless

otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that part of

the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper

trenches, onsite investigation may be needed.

Hard, nonrippable bedrock, creviced bedrock, or

highly permeable strata in or directly below the

proposed trench bottom can affect the ease of

excavation and the hazard of ground-water pollution.

Slope affects construction of the trenches and the

movement of surface water around the landfill. It also

affects the construction and performance of roads in

areas of the landfill.

Soil texture and consistence affect the ease with

which the trench is dug and the ease with which the

soil can be used as daily or final cover. They

determine the workability of the soil when dry and

when wet. Soils that are plastic and sticky when wet

are difficult to excavate, grade, or compact and are

difficult to place as a uniformly thick cover over a layer

of refuse.

The soil material used as the final cover for a trench

landfill should be suitable for plants. It should not have

excess sodium or salts and should not be too acid.

The surface layer generally has the best workability,

the highest content of organic matter, and the best

potential for plants. Material from the surface layer

should be stockpiled for use as the final cover.

In an area sanitary landfill, solid waste is placed in

successive layers on the surface of the soil. The waste

is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin

layer of soil from a source away from the site. A final

cover of soil material at least 2 feet thick is placed over

the completed landfill. The ratings in the table are

based on the soil properties that affect trafficability and

the risk of pollution. These properties include flooding,

permeability, depth to a water table, ponding, slope,

and depth to bedrock or a cemented pan.

Flooding is a serious problem because it can result

in pollution in areas downstream from the landfill. If

permeability is too rapid or if fractured bedrock, a

fractured cemented pan, or the water table is close to

the surface, the leachate can contaminate the water

supply. Slope is a consideration because of the extra

grading required to maintain roads in the steeper

areas of the landfill. Also, leachate may flow along the

surface of the soils in the steeper areas and cause

difficult seepage problems.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.

The ratings in the table also apply to the final cover for

a landfill. They are based on the soil properties that

affect workability, the ease of digging, and the ease of

moving and spreading the material over the refuse

daily during wet and dry periods. These properties

include soil texture, depth to a water table, ponding,

rock fragments, slope, depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, reaction, and content of salts, sodium,

or lime.

Loamy or silty soils that are free of large stones and

excess gravel are the best cover for a landfill. Clayey

soils may be sticky and difficult to spread; sandy soils

are subject to wind erosion.

Slope affects the ease of excavation and of moving

the cover material. Also, it can influence runoff,

erosion, and reclamation of the borrow area.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water

table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as

the final cover for a landfill should be suitable for

plants. It should not have excess sodium, salts, or lime

and should not be too acid.

Construction Materials

Table 15 gives information about the soils as

potential sources of gravel, sand, and topsoil. Normal

compaction, minor processing, and other standard

construction practices are assumed.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They

are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In table 15, only the

likelihood of finding material in suitable quantity is

evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific

purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect

excavation of the material. The properties used to

evaluate the soil as a source of sand or gravel are

gradation of grain sizes (as indicated by the Unified

classification of the soil), the thickness of suitable

material, and the content of rock fragments. If the

bottom layer of the soil contains sand or gravel, the

soil is considered a likely source regardless of

thickness. The assumption is that the sand or gravel

layer below the depth of observation exceeds the

minimum thickness.
Clay County, Iowa 65

The soils are rated as possible, probable, or

improbable sources of gravel and are rated good, fair,

or poor as potential sources of sand. In this table,

gravel is defined as particles ranging from 0.2 inch to

3.0 inches in diameter. Soils rated as a possible

source of gravel contain at least 25 percent gravel, by

weight. Soils rated as a probable source contain at

least 50 percent gravel, by weight. For sand, a rating

of good or fair means that the source material is likely

to be in or below the soil. For both sand and gravel,

the bottom layer and the thickest layer of the soils are

assigned numerical ratings. These ratings indicate the

likelihood that the layer is a source of sand or gravel.

The number 0.00 indicates that the layer is a poor

source. The number 1.00 indicates that the layer is a

good source. A number between 0.00 and 1.00

indicates the degree to which the layer is a likely

source.

The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as potential

sources of topsoil. The features that limit the soils as

sources of this material are specified in the table. The

numerical ratings given after the specified features

indicate the degree to which the features limit the soils

as sources of topsoil. The lower the number, the

greater the limitation.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area. The ratings are based on the soil properties that

affect plant growth; the ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading the material; and reclamation of the

borrow area. Toxic substances, soil reaction, and the

properties that are inferred from soil texture, such as

available water capacity and fertility, affect plant

growth. The ease of excavating, loading, and

spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, depth

to a water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by

slope, depth to a water table, rock fragments, depth to

bedrock or a cemented pan, and toxic material.

The surface layer of most soils is generally

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

Table 16 gives information on the soil properties

and site features that affect water management. The

degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond

reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and

aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The ratings are both

verbal and numerical. Rating class terms indicate the

extent to which the soils are limited by all of the soil

features that affect these uses. Not limited indicates

that the soil has features that are very favorable for the

specified use. Good performance and very low

maintenance can be expected. Somewhat limited

indicates that the soil has features that are moderately

favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be

overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or

installation. Fair performance and moderate

maintenance can be expected. Very limited indicates

that the soil has one or more features that are

unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations

generally cannot be overcome without major soil

reclamation, special design, or expensive installation

procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance

can be expected.

Numerical ratings in the table indicate the severity

of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as

decimal fractions ranging from 0.01 to 1.00. They

indicate gradations between the point at which a soil

feature has the greatest negative impact on the use

(1.00) and the point at which the soil feature is not a

limitation (0.00).

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the

storage capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. Embankments that have zoned

construction (core and shell) are not considered. In

this table, the soils are rated as a source of material

for embankment fill. The ratings apply to the soil

material below the surface layer to a depth of about 5

feet. It is assumed that soil layers will be uniformly

mixed and compacted during construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even greater than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high

content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or salts

or sodium. A high water table affects the amount of

usable material. It also affects trafficability.
66

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the

aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the

salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of

large stones affect the ease of excavation.
67

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey.

Soil properties are ascertained by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine particle-size distribution,

plasticity, and compaction characteristics.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties are shown in

tables. They include engineering index properties,

physical and chemical properties, and pertinent soil

and water features.

Engineering Index Properties

Table 17 gives the engineering classifications and

the range of index properties for the layers of each soil

in the survey area.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter (fig. 8). “Loam,” for example, is

soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt,

and less than 52 percent sand. If the content of

particles coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an

appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.”

Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 2001)

and the system adopted by the American Association

of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO, 2000).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to particle-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and

Soil Properties

Figure 8.—Percentages of clay, silt, and sand in the basic

USDA soil textural classes.
68 Soil Survey of

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of

visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and

A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b,

A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an

additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as

subgrade material can be indicated by a group index

number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the

best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3

inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074

millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on

laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid

limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and

Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is generally

omitted in the table.

Physical Properties

Table 18 shows estimates of some physical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in

the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter. In table 18, the estimated clay content of

each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of

the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and

physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil

to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They

influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, plasticity,

the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties.

The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage

and earthmoving operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per

unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at

field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension.

Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105

degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk

density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per

cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to

compute shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties.

The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore

space available for water and roots. Depending on soil

texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to transmit

water or air. The term “permeability,” as used in soil

surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic conductivity

(Ksat ). The estimates in the table indicate the rate of

water movement, in inches per hour, when the soil is

saturated. They are based on soil characteristics

observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity,

and texture. Permeability is considered in the design of

soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption

fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The

capacity varies, depending on soil properties that

affect retention of water. The most important

properties are the content of organic matter, soil

texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water

capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants

or crops to be grown and in the design and

management of irrigation systems. Available water

capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water

actually available to plants at any given time.

Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased

from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the

volume change between the water content of the clod
Clay County, Iowa 69

at 1

/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and

oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the

table as percent change for the whole soil. Volume

change is influenced by the amount and type of clay

minerals in the soil.

Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrinkswell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is low

if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3

percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9

percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the

linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and

swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and

other structures and to plant roots. Special design

commonly is needed.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In table

18, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained by returning crop residue to the soil.

Organic matter has a positive effect on available water

capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, and

tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for

crops and soil organisms.

Erosion factors are shown in table 18 as the K

factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K

indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill

erosion by water. Factor K is one of six factors used in

the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to

predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet

and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and

permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69.

Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the

more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by

water.

Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the

whole soil. The estimates are modified by the

presence of rock fragments.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fineearth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in

size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water

that can occur without affecting crop productivity over

a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per

year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to

wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to

group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and

those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible.

Descriptions of these groups are available in the

National Soil Survey Handbook (USDA, 2003).

Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating

the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion, or the tons

per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to

wind erosion. There is a close correlation between

wind erosion and the texture of the surface layer, the

size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments,

organic matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil

moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind

erosion.

Chemical Properties

Table 19 shows estimates of some chemical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in

the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of

extractable bases that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams

of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH

value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity

hold fewer cations and may require more frequent

applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cationexchange capacity. The ability to retain cations

reduces the hazard of ground-water pollution.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

The pH of each soil horizon is based on many field

tests. For many soils, values have been verified by

laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in

selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil

amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in

determining the risk of corrosion.

Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of

carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less

than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant

nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in

the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous

soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and

ammonium-N volatilization.

Gypsum is expressed as a percent, by weight, of

hydrated calcium sulfates in the fraction of the soil less

than 20 millimeters in size. Gypsum is partially soluble

in water. Soils that have a high content of gypsum may

collapse if the gypsum is removed by percolating

water.
70 Soil Survey of

Water Features

Table 20 gives estimates of various water features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of

runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four

groups according to the rate of water infiltration when

the soils are not protected by vegetation, are

thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained

sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate

of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when

thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a

layer that impedes the downward movement of water

or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture.

These soils have a slow rate of water transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell

potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that

have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface,

and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious

material. These soils have a very slow rate of water

transmission.

If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D,

B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the

second is for undrained areas.

The months in the table indicate the portion of the

year in which the feature is most likely to be a

concern.

Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil.

Table 20 indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper

limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in

most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits

are based mainly on observations of the water table at

selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone,

namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic

features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for

less than a month is not considered a water table.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression.

Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is

removed only by percolation, transpiration, or

evaporation. Table 20 indicates surface water depth

and the duration and frequency of ponding. Duration is

expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to

7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than

30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare,

occasional, and frequent. None means that ponding is

not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under

unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is

nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional

that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years

(the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than

once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more than

50 percent in any year).

Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area

caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from

adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short

periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered

flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes

is considered ponding rather than flooding.

Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is

expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours,

very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long

if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days.

Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare,

occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means

that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very

unlikely but possible under extremely unusual weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is less than 1

percent in any year); rare that it is unlikely but possible

under unusual weather conditions (the chance of

flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year); occasional that

it occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions

(the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

frequent that it is likely to occur often under normal

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more

than 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent

in all months in any year); and very frequent that it is

likely to occur very often under normal weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is more than 50

percent in all months of any year).

The information is based on evidence in the soil

profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay

deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic

matter content with increasing depth; and little or no

horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less
Clay County, Iowa 71

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

Soil Features

Table 21 gives estimates of various soil features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of

saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence

generally results from either desiccation and

shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both,

following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually,

usually over a period of several years. The table shows

the expected initial subsidence, which usually is a

result of drainage, and total subsidence, which results

from a combination of factors.

Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward

or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation

of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the

subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on

thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves

into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture,

density, permeability, content of organic matter, and

depth to the water table are the most important factors

considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It

is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation

or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly

structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in

winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well

drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least

susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during

thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid

structures.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium

content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the

soil. Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a severe

hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in

installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers

is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel or

concrete in installations that are entirely within one

kind of soil or within one soil layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation

extract.

73

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(Soil Survey Staff, 1999). Beginning with the broadest,

these categories are the order, suborder, great group,

subgroup, family, and series. Classification is based on

soil properties observed in the field or inferred from

those observations or from laboratory measurements.

Table 22 shows the classification of the soils in the

survey area. The categories are defined in the

following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Mollisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Udoll (Ud,

meaning humid, plus oll, from Mollisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Hapludolls (Hapl, meaning minimal

horizonation, plus udoll, the suborder of the Mollisols

that has a udic moisture regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept

of the great group; it is not necessarily the most

extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or

more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. The adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that

typifies the great group. An example is Typic

Hapludolls.

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle-size class,

mineralogy class, cation-exchange activity class, soil

temperature regime, soil depth, and reaction class. A

family name consists of the name of a subgroup

preceded by terms that indicate soil properties. An

example is fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic

Hapludolls.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a

family that have horizons similar in color, texture,

structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical

composition, and arrangement in the profile.

Soil Series and Their Morphology

In this section, each soil series recognized in the

survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil

and the material in which it formed are identified for

each series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area

of soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is

described. The detailed description of each soil

horizon follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual”

(Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993). Many of the

technical terms used in the descriptions are defined in

“Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999). Unless

otherwise indicated, colors in the descriptions are for

moist soil. Following the pedon description is the range

of important characteristics of the soils in the series.

Afton Series

Typical Pedon

Afton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 500 feet north and 75 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 24, T. 96 N., R. 38 W., Lone

Tree Township; USGS Royal, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 06 minutes 50 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 17 minutes 20 seconds W., NAD

27:

Classification of the Soils
74 Soil Survey of

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (N 3/0) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

A1—7 to 16 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (N 3/0) dry; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular;

friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A2—16 to 25 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

A3—25 to 32 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg1—32 to 37 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; few fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—37 to 43 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; many fine dark manganese concretions;

common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; abrupt

wavy boundary.

2Cg1—43 to 54 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay loam;

massive; friable; many fine dark manganese

concretions; common or many medium distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), few fine distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8), and few fine and medium

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Cg2—54 to 65 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) loam that has

thin strata of sandy loam and silty clay loam;

massive; friable; thin strata (2 inches thick) of

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) medium and coarse

sand at a depth of 63 to 65 inches; few medium

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

3Cg3—65 to 72 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

massive; friable; few fine dark manganese

concretions; about 3 percent gravel; about 2

percent fine fragments of shale; few medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

3Cg4—72 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

massive; firm; about 3 percent gravel; about 2

percent fine fragments of shale; many fine and

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 36 to 55 inches

Depth to till: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 32 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam; stratified sediments

overlie the till in some pedons

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

3Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Annieville Series

Typical Pedon

Annieville silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 135 feet south and 1,290 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 35, T. 94 N., R. 38 W.,

Peterson Township; USGS Peterson, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 55 minutes 28

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 18 minutes 17

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate
Clay County, Iowa 75

fine granular; friable; slightly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

A—8 to 15 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty

clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting

to weak fine granular; friable; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

AB—15 to 20 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bw1—20 to 31 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bw2—31 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw3—38 to 52 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) silt loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

many very fine dark manganese concentrations;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; common fine faint

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

2C1—52 to 57 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; single grain; loose; stone line with

small pebbles at a depth of 52 to 54 inches; about

5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2C2—57 to 69 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam;

massive; firm; about 3 percent gravel; many fine

dark manganese concentrations; common

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2C3—69 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay loam; massive; firm; many fine dark

manganese concentrations; grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) linings of root channels; about 3 percent

gravel; common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to till: 40 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

AB horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, loam, or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

Belmann Series

Typical Pedon

Belmann clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 93 feet west and 700 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 5, T. 96 N., R. 36 W., Sioux

Township; USGS Dickens, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; 43 degrees 10 minutes 04 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 06 minutes 45 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—8 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium granular

structure; firm; common very fine roots; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg1—16 to 24 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay loam;

weak very fine subangular blocky structure; firm;

common very fine roots; common distinct very

dark gray (5Y 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common fine prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) and common fine faint olive (5Y 5/3)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly
76 Soil Survey of

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2Bg2—24 to 32 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; common very fine roots; common

distinct olive gray (5Y 4/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; common fine prominent irregular

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4 and 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bkg1—32 to 42 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; common very fine roots; few

distinct dark gray (5Y 4/1) organic coatings on

faces of peds; common fine irregular very pale

brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) irregular

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2Bkg2—42 to 52 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common fine

irregular very pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium

carbonate nodules; many fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) irregular redoximorphic

concentrations; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2BCg—52 to 61 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay

loam; weak very fine prismatic structure parting to

weak fine subangular blocky; friable; few very fine

roots; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg—61 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

massive; friable; common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 10 inches

Depth to fine textured sediments: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam or silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2Bg or 2Bkg horizon:

Hue—5Y or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2BCg or 2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or

clay

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Biscay Series

Typical Pedon

Biscay clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel,

0 to 2 percent slopes, in a cultivated field; 680 feet

east and 160 feet north of the southwest corner of sec.

2, T. 96 N., R. 38 W., Lone Tree Township; USGS

Everly, Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees

09 minutes 23 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 18

minutes 22 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, black

(10YR 2/1) dry; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—7 to 17 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, black

(10YR 2/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

AB—17 to 23 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam with

some mixing of olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—23 to 27 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) and dark

gray (5Y 4/1) clay loam; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common black (5Y 2.5/1) organic coatings on

faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—27 to 35 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay loam;
Clay County, Iowa 77

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine white (10YR 8/1) and

very pale brown (10YR 8/3) calcium carbonate

nodules; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Bg3—35 to 39 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) sandy clay

loam; very weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; common white

(10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate coatings on gravel;

about 10 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Cg1—39 to 48 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loamy sand; single grain; loose; common white

(10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate coatings on gravel;

about 8 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Cg2—48 to 68 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

medium and coarse sand; single grain; loose;

about 10 percent gravel (few pebbles are 1 to 3

inches in diameter); strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Cg3—68 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sand;

single grain; loose; about 10 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Depth to contrasting material: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—5Y, 5GY, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

2BCg horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—gravelly loam or gravelly sandy loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand, sand, coarse sand, or

loamy coarse sand or the gravelly or very

gravelly analogs of these textures

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Calco Series

Typical Pedon

Calco silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded, in a cultivated field; 650 feet east

and 700 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 16,

T. 95 N., R. 35 W., Logan Township; USGS Silver Lake,

Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 03

minutes 06 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 59

minutes 28 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; friable; few medium rounded strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron; common fine

fragments of snail shells; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

A1—8 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; common medium black

(10YR 2/1) wormcasts; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

A2—17 to 31 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

medium black (10YR 2/1) wormcasts; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

A3—31 to 42 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine

prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

redoximorphic depletions; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

A4—42 to 50 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bg—50 to 65 inches; very dark gray (N 3/0) silty clay

loam; weak fine and medium angular blocky

structure parting to weak fine and medium

subangular blocky; friable; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—65 to 80 inches; very dark gray (N 3/0) silty clay
78 Soil Survey of

loam; massive; friable; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: More than 30 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Calcousta Series

Typical Pedon

Calcousta silty clay loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, 2,400 feet north and 300 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 20, T. 91 N., R. 27 W.; USGS

Thor topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 40

minutes 47 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 03

minutes 01 second W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; many fine and medium

roots; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Bkg—10 to 14 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine and medium roots;

very few prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organic coatings; common fine rounded light gray

(10YR 7/2) carbonate concretions; common fine

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg1—14 to 30 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay

loam; massive; friable; common fine and medium

roots; common fine rounded light gray (10YR 7/2)

carbonate concretions; common fine prominent

brown (7.5YR 4/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg2—30 to 45 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silt loam;

massive; friable; common fine and medium roots;

common fine rounded light gray (10YR 7/2)

carbonate concretions; common fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg3—45 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silt loam;

massive; friable; common fine and medium roots;

common fine rounded light gray (10YR 7/2)

carbonate concretions; common fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; violently

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 10 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 10 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 9 to 18 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Canisteo Series

Typical Pedon

Canisteo clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 1,600 feet west and 100 feet south of

the northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 97 N., R. 35 W., Lake

Township; USGS Terril, Iowa, topographic quadrangle;
Clay County, Iowa 79

lat. 43 degrees 15 minutes 16 seconds N. and long. 94

degrees 58 minutes 45 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, black

(10YR 2/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine roots; about 5 percent

fine gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

A—8 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and medium

granular structure; friable; common very fine roots;

about 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

AB—17 to 23 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine and

medium granular structure; friable; common very

fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; common

medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bkg1—23 to 36 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine rounded very pale brown

(10YR 8/2) carbonate nodules; few medium

rounded yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron

and common fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) ironmanganese nodules; about 5 percent gravel;

common medium prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bkg2—36 to 64 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine rounded very pale brown

(10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules; few

medium rounded yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses

of iron; common fine rounded black (10YR 2/1)

iron-manganese nodules; about 5 percent gravel;

common medium prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg—64 to 80 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) sandy

loam; massive; friable; about 5 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 10 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 24 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, silt

loam, or sandy loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Clarion Series

Taxadjunct features: The Clarion soils in map units

138C2 and 638C2 do not have a mollic epipedon.

These soils are classified as fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts.

Typical Pedon

Clarion loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in a cultivated

field; 63 feet west and 1,400 feet north of the

southeast corner of sec. 21, T. 95 N., R. 35 W., Logan

Township; USGS Silver Lake, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 01 minute 38 seconds N.

and long. 94 degrees 58 minutes 23 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; common fine and

medium roots; about 1 percent gravel; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

AB—8 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine and medium roots; many distinct

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on

faces of peds; about 1 percent gravel; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—16 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common

fine and medium roots; few distinct dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds;

about 1 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bw2—23 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common distinct brown
80 Soil Survey of

(10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds;

about 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bk—31 to 39 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium very

pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate threads;

about 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

C1—39 to 54 inches; mixed yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam;

massive; friable; common medium and coarse

very pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate

threads; about 3 percent gravel; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; common fine prominent grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

C2—54 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; friable; common coarse yellowish

red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron; common fine and

medium very pale brown (10YR 8/2) masses of

calcium carbonate; about 3 percent gravel;

common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

common fine and medium prominent grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 18 to 50 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Ap and AB horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly acid

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly acid

Bk and C horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Coland Series

Typical Pedon

Coland clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded, in a pasture; 1,734 feet east and 207 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 23, T. 97 N., R.

36 W., Meadow Township; USGS Dickens, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 12 minutes 43

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 03 minutes 57

seconds W., NAD 27:

A1—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, black

(10YR 2/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A2—7 to 16 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, black

(10YR 2/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine granular; friable;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

A3—16 to 23 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, black

(10YR 2/1) dry; weak medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

A4—23 to 31 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium and fine

angular and subangular blocky structure; friable;

few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

A5—31 to 42 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam that has a high content of fine sand;

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium and fine

angular and subangular blocky structure; friable;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

4/6) redoximorphic concentrations and coatings

on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

AC—42 to 48 inches; black (5Y 2/1) clay loam that has

a high content of fine sand; weak fine prismatic

structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky;

friable; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

C1—48 to 68 inches; black (5Y 2/1) clay loam;

massive; friable; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C2—68 to 80 inches; black (5Y 2/1) sandy loam;

single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 48 to 60 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 36 inches or more

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or N
Clay County, Iowa 81

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam or silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

AC horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y or N

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Collinwood Series

Typical Pedon

Collinwood clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a cultivated

field; 465 feet south and 2,000 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 13, T. 96 N., R. 36 W., Sioux

Township; USGS Dickens, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 08 minutes 02 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 02 minutes 35 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate very fine and fine

granular structure; very firm; common very fine

roots; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

A1—8 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine and medium

granular structure; very firm; few very fine roots;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A2—13 to 17 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; very firm; few very

fine roots; common distinct black (10YR 2/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bg—17 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay; strong fine angular blocky structure; very

firm; few very fine roots; common distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) pressure faces; few fine

rounded black (N 2/0) iron-manganese

concretions; common fine distinct olive brown

(2.5Y 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Bkg1—24 to 32 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay; strong fine angular blocky structure; very

firm; few very fine roots; common distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) pressure faces; common

fine and medium irregular very pale brown (10YR

8/2) calcium carbonate nodules; common fine

distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Bkg2—32 to 41 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay;

strong very fine prismatic structure parting to

strong fine and medium angular blocky; very firm;

common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organic coatings on faces of prisms and peds;

common fine and medium irregular very pale

brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules;

common fine and medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) and few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bkg3—41 to 53 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; strong very fine prismatic structure parting to

strong medium angular blocky; very firm; common

distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of prisms and peds; common

fine and medium irregular very pale brown (10YR

8/2) calcium carbonate nodules; common fine and

medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

BCg—53 to 65 inches; mixed light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) and olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay; strong fine

prismatic structure; very firm; few fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg—65 to 80 inches; mixed light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) and olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay; massive; very

firm; few fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 46 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 24 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3
82 Soil Survey of

Chroma—1

Texture—clay

Bg and Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 in the upper part; 2 to 4 in the lower

part

Texture—clay or silty clay

BCg and Cg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or silt loam

Colo Series

Typical Pedon

Colo silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded, in a cultivated field; 600 feet

north and 30 feet west of the southeast corner of sec.

8, T. 94 N., R. 36 W., Herdland Township; USGS Webb,

Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 56

minutes 15 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 06

minutes 45 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, black

(10YR 2/1) dry; weak fine granular and weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A1—8 to 19 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, black

(10YR 2/1) dry; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky and angular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

A2—19 to 28 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam,

black (10YR 2/1) dry; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

A3—28 to 40 inches; black (N 2/0 and 10YR 2/1) silty

clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) and very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

A4—40 to 48 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine roots; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg—48 to 80 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and

very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) silty clay loam;

massive; friable; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: More than 36

inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

BCg horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR to 5Y or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, or clay loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly acid

Cornell Series

Typical Pedon

Cornell silty clay loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes, in a

pastured area of woodland; 400 feet east and 1,000

feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 28, T. 94 N.,

R. 36 W., Herdland Township; USGS Sioux Rapids,

Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 55

minutes 44 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 06

minutes 30 seconds W., NAD 27:

A1—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common fine to coarse roots;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A2—6 to 11 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

(interior) and black (10YR 2/1) (exterior) silty clay

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine to coarse roots;

about 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

AB—11 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) (interior) and black (10YR 2/1) and very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) (exterior) silty clay loam, grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine to coarse
Clay County, Iowa 83

roots; about 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—16 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

firm; common fine to coarse roots; common

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organic coatings on faces of peds and in root

channels; about 4 percent gravel; common fine

prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron on

faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt2—21 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay; moderate fine prismatic structure parting

to strong fine and medium subangular blocky; firm;

common fine to coarse roots; few distinct very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings

on faces of peds and in root channels; few fine

and medium red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron on

faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel; common

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; common medium

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt3—30 to 43 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

strong medium angular blocky; firm; common fine

to coarse roots; few fine and medium red (2.5YR

4/6) masses of iron on faces of peds; about 6

percent gravel; common fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) and common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations on faces of peds; strongly acid;

abrupt wavy boundary.

2Bt4—43 to 54 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium and coarse

angular blocky; firm; common fine roots between

peds; about 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bt5—54 to 62 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting

to weak coarse subangular blocky; firm; common

fine roots; few prominent very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 8

percent gravel; common fine prominent grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

2Bt6—62 to 70 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting

to weak coarse subangular blocky; firm; common

fine roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 9

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2BC—70 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure;

firm; common fine roots; few prominent very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of

peds; about 7 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to till: 10 to 30 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or clay loam

Reaction—moderately acid or slightly acid

Bt and 2Bt horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay

Reaction—strongly acid to moderately alkaline

2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Crippin Series

Typical Pedon

Crippin loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a cultivated

field; 225 feet north and 1,320 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 3, T. 94 N., R. 35 W., Garfield

Township; USGS Rush Lake, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 58 minutes 59 seconds N.

and long. 94 degrees 57 minutes 30 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

A1—8 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
84 Soil Survey of

A2—14 to 18 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; about 2 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw—18 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

coatings on faces of peds; about 2 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bk1—24 to 28 inches; mottled dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2), grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine irregular very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

calcium carbonate nodules; about 3 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bk2—28 to 39 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) loam;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine dark manganese

concretions; common fine irregular very pale

brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules;

about 3 percent gravel; many fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

C1—39 to 55 inches; mottled grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive;

friable; many fine dark manganese concretions;

common fine irregular very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

calcium carbonate nodules; about 3 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

C2—55 to 68 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; friable; many fine dark manganese

concretions; common fine irregular very pale

brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules;

about 3 percent gravel; common fine and medium

prominent grayish brown (2.5YR 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

C3—68 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; friable; common fine dark

manganese concretions; about 3 percent gravel;

many medium prominent strong grayish brown

(2.5YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 10 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 20 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4

Chroma—2

Texture—loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Cylinder Series

Typical Pedon

Cylinder loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to

2 percent slopes, in a cultivated field; 123 feet south

and 1,278 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 11,

T. 96 N., R. 38 W., Lone Tree Township; USGS Everly,

Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 09

minutes 18 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 18

minutes 12 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine and fine roots; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

A1—8 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine and fine roots; slightly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A2—14 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; few very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

and black (10YR 2/1) coatings on faces of peds;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—18 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular
Clay County, Iowa 85

blocky structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) and

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) coatings on faces of

peds; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2—24 to 28 inches; mixed dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) and olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) loam; very weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common

fine very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) dark

masses; about 5 percent gravel; common fine faint

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2BC—28 to 39 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) and

dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) medium and

coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 5 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

2C1—39 to 50 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly loamy sand; single

grain; loose; about 35 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2C2—50 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

and pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly loamy

sand; single grain; loose; about 35 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 24 inches

Depth to contrasting material: 24 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2BC and 2C horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 8

Texture—sand or loamy sand or the gravelly or

very gravelly analogs of these textures

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

Dickinson Series

Taxadjunct features: The Dickinson soil in map unit

874C2 does not have a mollic epipedon. This soil

is classified as a coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudept.

Typical Pedon

Dickinson fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 1,700 feet south and 1,000 feet west of

the northeast corner of sec. 32, T. 96 N., R. 36 W.,

Sioux Township; USGS Gillette Grove, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 05 minutes 43

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 07 minutes 07

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine

sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

dry; weak very fine granular structure; very friable;

common very fine and fine roots; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

AB—7 to 13 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure

parting to weak fine granular; very friable;

common very fine and fine roots; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—13 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; common very fine and fine roots;

moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—24 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy loam; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; common

very fine and fine roots; moderately acid; diffuse

smooth boundary.

BC—31 to 41 inches; mixed dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy

sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

very friable; common very fine and fine roots;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

C1—41 to 64 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; single grain; loose; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

C2—64 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; single grain; loose; few fine white (10YR 8/1)

calcium carbonate concretions between sand

grains; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: 60 inches or more

Other features: A lacustrine substratum phase is
86 Soil Survey of

recognized. The lacustrine material is below a

depth of 60 inches. It has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value

of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. The texture is silt

loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction

ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline.

Ap and AB horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam

Reaction—slightly acid or moderately acid

BC and C horizons:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand,

or sand

Reaction—slightly acid or moderately acid

Dickman Series

Typical Pedon

Dickman sandy loam, on a convex slope of 1 percent,

in a cultivated field; about 1.5 miles north of Redwood

Falls, in Redwood County, Minnesota; 2,240 feet west

and 2,500 feet south of the northeast corner of sec.

25, T. 113 N., R. 36 W.; USGS Redwood Falls

quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 33 minutes 53 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 07 minutes 21 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—10 to 12 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy

loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—12 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw2—16 to 19 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy

loam; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) on faces of

peds; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bw3—19 to 33 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy

sand; single grain; loose; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2C1—33 to 68 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

coarse sand; single grain; loose; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

2C2—68 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand;

single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or

sandy loam

Reaction—slightly acid or moderately acid

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—coarse sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or

sandy loam

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand,

coarse sand, or sand

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—coarse sand, sand, or fine sand or strata

with these textures

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Estherville Series

Taxadjunct features: The Estherville soil in map unit

541C does not have a mollic epipedon. This soil is

classified as a sandy, mixed, mesic Typic

Eutrudept.

Typical Pedon

Estherville sandy loam, in an area of Estherville-Hawick

complex, 5 to 9 percent slopes, in a cultivated field;

320 feet west and 2,340 feet south of the northeast

corner of sec. 23, T. 94 N., R. 35 W., Garfield Township;
Clay County, Iowa 87

USGS Rush Lake West, Iowa, topographic quadrangle;

lat. 42 degrees 56 minutes 50 seconds N. and long. 94

degrees 56 minutes 06 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; common

very fine and fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bw—7 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; common very fine

and fine roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2C1—18 to 37 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

sand; single grain; loose; about 45 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C2—37 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; about 55

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2C3—60 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose;

about 59 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loamy mantle: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 20 inches

Depth to carbonates: 18 to 30 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—very gravelly sand or very gravelly

coarse sand

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

Everly Series

Taxadjunct features: The Everly soils in map units

577C2 and 637D2 do not have a mollic epipedon.

These soils are classified as fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts.

Typical Pedon

Everly clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in a cultivated

field; 880 feet north and 340 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 13, T. 97 N., R. 37 W., Summit Township;

USGS Spencer, Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43

degrees 12 minutes 57 seconds N. and long. 95

degrees 10 minutes 06 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine granular; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam with a

few small streaks and pockets of very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam; very dark gray (10YR

3/1) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure parting

to moderate fine granular; friable; common fine

and very fine roots; moderately acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

BA—12 to 16 inches; mixed black (10YR 2/1) and very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam;

moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw1—16 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; about 2 percent

gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—20 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; common distinct

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on

faces of peds; a thin discontinuous band of

pebbles in the lower part of the horizon; about 3

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bk1—26 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

firm; few white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate

nodules in the lower part; about 3 percent gravel;

few fine distinct dark gray (10YR 3/1)

redoximorphic depletions in the lower part;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.
88 Soil Survey of

2Bk2—36 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; weak fine prismatic structure; firm; common

white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate nodules;

about 5 percent gravel; few fine distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

2BC1—50 to 62 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; weak and moderate coarse prismatic

structure; firm; common white (10YR 8/1) calcium

carbonate nodules; about 5 percent gravel;

common medium faint dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; few fine

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2BC2—62 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam;

moderate coarse and very coarse prismatic

structure; firm; common white (10YR 8/1) calcium

carbonate nodules; about 7 percent gravel; few

medium and fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 16 to 36 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to till: 16 to 36 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

BA horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—clay loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2Bk or 2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Fairhaven Series

Typical Pedon

Fairhaven silt loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and

gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a cultivated field; 50

feet north and 610 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 34, T. 97 N., R. 38 W., Waterford Township; USGS

Everly, Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees

10 minutes 15 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 15

minutes 00 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—7 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) and very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR

3/1) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry;

weak fine granular and weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—12 to 17 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) and very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic

coatings on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw2—17 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine roots; few distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of

peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw3—28 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron

stains on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2BC—36 to 39 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron stains on

faces of peds; about 3 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2C1—39 to 48 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 3

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Clay County, Iowa 89

2C2—48 to 55 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; single grain; loose; about 5 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

2C3—55 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 5 percent

gravel; very slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 50 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 22 inches

Depth to contrasting material: 22 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or silt loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or silt loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 5

Texture—gravelly coarse sand, coarse sand, or

sand

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Fostoria Series

Typical Pedon

Fostoria loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a cultivated

field; 125 feet north and 150 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 29, T. 97 N., R. 38 W., Waterford

Township; USGS Everly, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 11 minutes 03 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 20 minutes 54 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) loam, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine and medium

granular structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A1—7 to 15 inches; black (N 2/0) loam, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine and fine roots; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

A2—15 to 19 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; some mixing of dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 4/2); weak very fine subangular

blocky and weak fine granular structure; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bg1—19 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loam; very weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of

peds; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2—24 to 29 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; common fine

distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bk—29 to 34 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common fine and medium very pale brown (10YR

8/2) calcium carbonate concretions; fine distinct

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2C—34 to 42 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; massive; friable; common fine and medium

rounded very pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium

carbonate concretions; common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; common medium prominent gray

(10YR 5/1) redoximorphic depletions; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2Cg1—42 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam;

massive; friable; common fine and medium very

pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate

concretions; many fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2Cg2—60 to 68 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; massive; friable; many fine and medium

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

3C—68 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)
90 Soil Survey of

loam; massive; firm; about 3 percent gravel;

common fine prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 48 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 24 inches

Other features: A lacustrine substratum phase is

recognized. The lacustrine material is below a

depth of 60 inches. It has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value

of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 to 4. The texture is silt

loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction is

slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

BA or AB horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—2

Texture—loam, silt loam, or clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

Bg and Bk horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, silt loam, or clay loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silt loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

3C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Galva Series

Typical Pedon

Galva silty clay loam, terrace, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in

a cultivated field; 1,170 feet south and 415 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 33, T. 94 N., R. 36 W.,

Webb Township; USGS Webb, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 55 minutes 17 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 06 minutes 36 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—8 to 18 inches; black (10YR 2/1) and very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay loam, very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine and

medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—18 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds and in pores; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw2—25 to 34 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) silty clay loam; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw3—34 to 48 inches; mixed dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

BC—48 to 69 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; weak fine and medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium and coarse subangular

blocky; friable; few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3)

organic coatings on faces of peds; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C—69 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; massive; friable; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to contrasting material: More than 60 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or moderately acid

Bw and BC horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay County, Iowa 91

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral in the Bw

horizon; neutral to moderately alkaline in the

BC horizon

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—dominantly silt loam; moderately coarse

substratum phases of fine sand, loamy sand, or

sand are recognized

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Gillett Grove Series

Typical Pedon

Gillett Grove silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 2,500 feet west and 2,000 feet north of

the southeast corner of sec. 19, T. 95 N., R. 36 W.,

Gillette Grove Township; USGS Greenville, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 01 minute 50

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 08 minutes 26

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—7 to 11 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

AB—11 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

medium prominent dark gray (5Y 4/1)

redoximorphic depletions; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg1—16 to 22 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate fine and medium angular and

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

dark gray (5Y 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common fine dark manganese concretions

that increase in abundance with increasing depth;

common medium distinct dark gray (5Y 4/1)

redoximorphic depletions; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg2—22 to 42 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine dark manganese

concretions; common fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; common medium faint dark gray

(5Y 4/1) redoximorphic depletions; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

BCg1—42 to 48 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to

weak fine and medium subangular blocky; friable;

common fine dark manganese concretions that

increase in abundance with increasing depth;

white (10YR 8/1) and pale brown (10YR 7/1)

calcium carbonate coatings on faces of peds and

root channels; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2BCg2—48 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting

to weak fine and medium subangular blocky;

friable; common fine dark manganese concretions;

white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate coatings on

faces of peds; about 3 percent gravel; common

fine and medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 48 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 24 inches

Depth to till: 40 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

BCg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2BCg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
92 Soil Survey of

Guckeen Series

Typical Pedon

Guckeen silty clay loam, on a slightly convex slope of

2 percent, in a cultivated field; in Waseca County,

Minnesota; about 2 miles south and 4 miles west of

Waldorf; 100 feet east and 100 feet north of the

southwest corner of sec. 7, T. 105 N., R. 24 W.; USGS

Mapleton Northeast topographic quadrangle; lat. 43

degrees 54 minutes 22 seconds N. and long. 93

degrees 46 minutes 04 seconds W., NAD 83:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam;

weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A1—8 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

A2—12 to 15 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—15 to 18 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; strong fine angular blocky structure; firm;

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) coatings on faces of

peds; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

earthworm casts; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw2—18 to 24 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty

clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting

to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) coatings on faces of

peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bw3—24 to 30 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting

to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky;

firm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) coatings on

faces of peds; about 5 percent rock fragments;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2C—30 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; massive; friable; about 5 percent rock

fragments; common medium faint olive gray (5Y

5/2) redoximorphic depletions; many fine

prominent olive (5Y 5/6) and few medium

prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 18 to 44 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 24 inches

Depth to till: 20 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2Bw horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Hanlon Series

Typical Pedon

Hanlon fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded, 250 feet north and 450 feet west

of the southeast corner of sec. 31, T. 92 N., R. 28 W.;

in Humboldt County, Iowa; USGS Humboldt, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 43 minutes 58

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 11 minutes 23

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; common fine roots; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

A1—8 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) and very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) fine sandy loam, very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak very fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

common medium roots; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

A2—17 to 28 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine

sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common medium roots;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A3—28 to 41 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine

sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky
Clay County, Iowa 93

structure; very friable; common very fine and fine

roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A4—41 to 49 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine

sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common very fine and fine

roots; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw1—49 to 60 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common very fine and fine

roots; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—60 to 71 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; common very fine and fine roots; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

C—71 to 80 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy

loam; massive; very friable; common very fine and

fine roots; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 40 to 71 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly acid

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly acid

Harps Series

Typical Pedon

Harps loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a cultivated field;

200 feet north and 50 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 7, T. 97 N., R. 35 W., Lake Township;

USGS Dickens, Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 42

degrees 13 minutes 55 seconds N. and long. 95

degrees 01 minute 00 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, gray (10YR

5/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable;

common very fine roots; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Ak—7 to 18 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, gray

(10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine and medium granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

ABk—18 to 22 inches; very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) clay

loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; weak fine and medium

granular structure; friable; common very fine roots;

about 2 percent gravel; common fine and medium

faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) and common

fine and medium distinct dark gray (5Y 4/1)

redoximorphic depletions; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bkg1—22 to 41 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay loam; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common

very fine roots; few black (10YR 2/1) organic

coatings in root channels and/or pores; few fine

light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate nodules;

about 3 percent gravel; common fine and medium

faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bkg2—41 to 51 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay loam; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and medium very pale brown

(10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules and few

fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium

carbonate concretions; about 3 percent gravel;

common fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

common fine and medium faint olive gray (5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—51 to 80 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) loam; massive;

friable; about 3 percent gravel; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; common fine and

medium faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 24 inches

Ap or Ak horizon:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1
94 Soil Survey of

Texture—loam

Reaction—moderately alkaline

ABk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—moderately alkaline

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—moderately alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam with thin strata of

coarser material

Reaction—moderately alkaline

Havelock Series

Typical Pedon

Havelock clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded, in a cultivated field; 520 feet west

and 110 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T.

96 N., R. 36 W., Sioux Township; USGS Dickens, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 10 minutes 07

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 05 minutes 35

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, very dark

gray (N 3/0) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable;

few fine fragments of snail shells; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A1—7 to 16 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, very dark

gray (N 3/0) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

A2—16 to 26 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

A3—26 to 34 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium and

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

A4—34 to 46 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

black (N 2/0) manganese concretions; few fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg1—46 to 58 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) loam;

massive; friable; many fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Cg2—58 to 68 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) loam;

massive; friable; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Cg3—68 to 80 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) loam;

massive; firm; common distinct black (10YR 2/1)

organic coatings; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 36 inches or more

Other features: Some pedons have an AC horizon or a

Bg horizon.

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam; strata of coarser

textures in some pedons

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

Hawick Series

Taxadjunct features: The Hawick soil in map unit 541C

does not have a mollic epipedon. This soil is

classified as a mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamment.

Typical Pedon

Hawick gravelly loamy sand, 9 to 14 percent slopes, in

a cultivated field; 2,600 feet east and 550 feet north of
Clay County, Iowa 95

the southwest corner of sec. 23, T. 96 N., R. 35 W.,

Freeman Township; USGS Silver Lake, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 06 minutes 50

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 56 minutes 37

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

gravelly loamy sand, very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common very fine to

medium roots; about 22 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bw—8 to 27 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly loamy sand; very weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; common very fine

and fine roots; about 19 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C1—27 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; common very

fine roots; about 20 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C2—46 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; about 20 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 30 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—gravelly loamy sand

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—gravelly loamy sand, gravelly loamy

coarse sand, or gravelly coarse sand

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—gravelly loamy sand, gravelly coarse

sand, or gravelly sand

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Klossner Series

Typical Pedon

Klossner muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes, in

a cultivated field; 1,400 feet north and 2,250 feet west

of the southeast corner of sec. 11, T. 97 N., R. 35 W.,

Lake Township; USGS Ruthven, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 14 minutes 07 seconds N.

and long. 94 degrees 56 minutes 40 seconds W., NAD

27:

Oap—0 to 9 inches; black (N 2/0) muck, black (10YR

2/1) dry; weak medium granular structure; very

friable; common very fine to medium roots; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Oa1—9 to 12 inches; black (5YR 2.5/1) muck, very

dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) dry; weak medium granular

and weak medium platy structure; very friable;

common very fine to medium roots; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Oa2—12 to 18 inches; black (5YR 2.5/1) muck, very

dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) dry; weak medium granular

structure; very friable; common very fine and fine

roots; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Oa3—18 to 22 inches; black (5YR 2.5/1) muck, very

dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; common very fine and fine

roots; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2A1—22 to 31 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

and angular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine roots; few yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations in pores and root

channels; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2A2—31 to 53 inches; black (5Y 2/1) silty clay loam;

some mixing of olive gray (5Y 5/2) in the lower

part; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg1—53 to 70 inches; mixed olive gray (5Y 5/2) and

light olive gray (5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; massive;

friable; few very fine and fine roots; common fine

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron oxide

coatings in root channels; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Cg2—70 to 80 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam;

massive; friable; few very fine roots; few fine

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron oxide
96 Soil Survey of

coatings in root channels; common fine white

(10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate nodules; common

fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Oap and Oa horizons:

Hue—10YR, 5YR, or N

Value—2, 2.5, or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—muck

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay

loam or the mucky analogs of these textures

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or N

Value—2 to 7

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay

loam, or sandy loam or the gravelly analogs of

these textures

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

Knoke Series

Typical Pedon

Knoke mucky silty clay loam, depressional, 0 to 1

percent slopes, in a cultivated field; 1,200 feet south

and 600 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 25, T.

102 N., R. 39 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky silty clay

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few snailshell fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

A1—10 to 22 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few snail-shell

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

A2—22 to 36 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

A3—36 to 42 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg1—42 to 65 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) and

dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) silty clay loam; massive;

friable; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg2—65 to 80 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) and dark

olive gray (5Y 3/2) silty clay loam; massive; friable;

few snail-shell fragments; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 48 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam or mucky silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bw horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

BCg horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or 5G

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, clay loam, or

loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Letri Series

Typical Pedon

Letri clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a cultivated

field; 390 feet east and 1,500 feet north of the

southwest corner of sec. 23, T. 97 N., R. 38 W.,

Waterford Township; USGS Everly, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 12 minutes 09 seconds N.
Clay County, Iowa 97

and long. 95 degrees 18 minutes 26 seconds W., NAD

27:

 Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

many distinct black (N 2/0) organic coatings on

faces of peds; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A1—9 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium granular

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A2—16 to 20 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine and fine roots; many distinct dark olive gray

(5Y 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds;

common fine prominent olive gray (5Y 4/2)

redoximorphic depletions; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bg—20 to 26 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common distinct dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) and black

(10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

common fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2Bkg1—26 to 31 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium very

pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate threads;

about 8 percent gravel; common fine prominent

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bkg2—31 to 41 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; common fine and medium very pale brown

(10YR 8/3) calcium carbonate threads; about 8

percent gravel; common fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) and many fine and medium

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2C—41 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; massive; firm; about 3 percent gravel; many

fine and medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 16 to 30 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 24 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg or 2Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam or silty clay loam

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

May City Series

Taxadjunct features: The May City soil in map unit

672C2 does not have a mollic epipedon. This soil

is classified as a loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudept.

Typical Pedon

May City sandy clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 200 feet east and 1,820 feet south of

the center of sec. 22, T. 97 N., R. 38 W., Waterford

Township; USGS Everly, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 12 minutes 04 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 19 minutes 06 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

sandy clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry;

weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to

weak fine granular; friable; about 11 percent gravel

(most pebbles less than 1 inch in diameter); about

3 percent fine fragments of shale; moderately acid;

abrupt wavy boundary.

Bw1—7 to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy clay loam with streaks and pockets of very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2); moderate medium

and fine subangular blocky structure parting to

moderate fine granular; friable; about 9 percent

gravel (some pebbles more than 3 inches in

diameter); about 2 percent fine fragments of shale;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—12 to 19 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)

gravelly sandy loam; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 25
98 Soil Survey of

percent gravel; about 2 percent fine fragments of

shale; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

C1—19 to 36 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

extremely gravelly sandy loam; massive; very

friable; about 67 percent gravel and 10 percent

cobbles; about 2 percent fine fragments of shale;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

C2—36 to 42 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

extremely gravelly sandy loam; massive; very

friable; few white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate

coatings on rock fragments; about 57 percent

gravel, 3 percent cobbles, and 2 percent shale

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

C3—42 to 53 inches; dominantly yellowish red (5YR

5/6) very gravelly sandy loam; about 20 percent

red (2.5YR 4/6) very gravelly sandy loam;

massive; very friable; about 54 percent gravel, 3

percent cobbles, and 2 percent shale fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt

wavy boundary.

C4—53 to 67 inches; mixed strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) extremely gravelly

sandy loam; massive; very friable; few white

(10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate coatings on rock

fragments; about 63 percent gravel and 2 percent

fine fragments of shale; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

C5—67 to 80 inches; mixed yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

and red (2.5YR 4/6) extremely gravelly sandy

loam; massive; very friable; about 60 percent

gravel, 15 percent cobbles, and 2 percent fine

fragments of shale; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 28 inches

Depth to coarse textured material: 10 to 24 inches

Other features: Some pedons have thin layers of silty

to very fine sand sediments between the gravel

layers.

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy clay loam

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam or

the gravelly to extremely gravelly analogs of

these textures

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR, or 2.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 8

Texture—the gravelly to extremely gravelly

analogs of sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or

loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

McCreath Series

Typical Pedon

McCreath silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 30 feet north and 1,250 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 18, T. 94 N., R. 38 W.,

Peterson Township; USGS Peterson, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 57 minutes 14

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 15 minutes 16

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and

medium granular structure; friable; common very

fine and fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A1—8 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

granular structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A2—13 to 17 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty

clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common

very fine and fine roots; common fine and medium

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) wormcasts; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

AB—17 to 22 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

dry; weak fine and medium granular structure;

friable; common very fine roots; few distinct very

dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic coatings on faces

of peds; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bg—22 to 33 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; very few

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organic coatings on faces of peds; common fine

very dark brown (10YR 2/2) rounded ironmanganese nodules; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bkg—33 to 47 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt
Clay County, Iowa 99

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; common fine very

dark brown (10YR 2/2) rounded iron-manganese

nodules; few fine and medium light gray (2.5Y 7/2)

calcium carbonate nodules; common fine and

medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and

common fine and medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; very

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2C—47 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; massive; firm; few very fine roots; few fine

and medium black (10YR 2/1) rounded ironmanganese concretions; common medium and

coarse light gray (2.5Y 7/2) calcium carbonate

nodules; about 4 percent gravel; many fine and

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; common fine

distinct gray (10YR 6/1) redoximorphic depletions;

slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 16 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 50 inches

Depth to till: 40 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

Moneta Series

Typical Pedon

Moneta clay loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes, in a

pasture; 2,350 feet north and 400 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 20, T. 94 N., R. 36 W.,

Herdland Township; USGS Sioux Rapids, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 56 minutes 33

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 07 minutes 51

seconds W., NAD 27:

A—0 to 9 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) clay

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry;

weak fine granular structure; friable; common very

fine and fine roots between peds; about 2 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw—9 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam;

weak fine and medium granular structure; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; few prominent

very dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; about 3 percent gravel; about 2

percent fine fragments of shale; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bk1—13 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots

between peds; carbonates disseminated

throughout; about 3 percent gravel; about 2

percent fine fragments of shale; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk2—23 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots

between peds; very few distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) iron oxide coatings on faces of peds

and in pores; common fine and medium very pale

brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules;

about 3 percent gravel; about 2 percent fine

fragments of shale; common fine and medium

prominent gray (10YR 5/1) redoximorphic

depletions; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bk3—42 to 53 inches; about 50 percent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and 50 percent gray (10YR 5/1) loam;

moderate fine and medium angular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots

between peds; very few prominent black (10YR

2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; common

fine and medium very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

calcium carbonate nodules and calcium carbonate
100 Soil Survey of

coatings around stones; common fine and medium

red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron; about 3 percent

gravel; about 2 percent fine fragments of shale;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bk4—53 to 60 inches; about 50 percent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and 50 percent gray (10YR 5/1) loam;

moderate medium and coarse angular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots

between peds; very few prominent black (10YR

2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; common

medium and coarse very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

calcium carbonate nodules; common fine and

medium red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron; about 5

percent gravel; about 3 percent fine fragments of

shale; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

BC—60 to 80 inches; about 50 percent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and 50 percent gray (10YR 5/1) loam;

moderate coarse and very coarse prismatic

structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots;

common medium and coarse very pale brown

(10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules; common

fine and medium red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron;

about 5 percent gravel; about 3 percent fine

fragments of shale; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 6 to 12 inches

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 10 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

Bw and Bk horizons:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

BC or C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately

alkaline

Nicollet Series

Typical Pedon

Nicollet loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a cultivated

field; 210 feet north and 540 feet east of the center of

sec. 26, T. 94 N., R. 35 W., Herdland Township; USGS

Webb, Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees

55 minutes 57 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 03

minutes 40 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common fine roots; about 2 percent gravel;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

AB—8 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam; some

mixing of very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) in

the lower part; dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; common fine roots; about 2

percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg1—16 to 22 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg2—22 to 31 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; about 3 percent gravel; few fine

distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bkg—31 to 43 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine white (10YR 8/1)

calcium carbonate nodules; about 3 percent

gravel; many fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) and few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg1—43 to 55 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

massive; friable; few fine white (10YR 8/1) calcium

carbonate nodules; about 3 percent gravel; many

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg2—55 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

massive; friable; common fine white (10YR 8/1)
Clay County, Iowa 101

calcium carbonate nodules; about 5 percent

gravel; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 48 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Ap and AB horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bg and Bkg horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Ocheda Series

Typical Pedon

Ocheda silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; about 75 feet south and 138 feet east

of the northwest corner of sec. 25, T. 97 N., R. 35 W.;

USGS Ruthven, Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43

degrees 14 minutes 38 seconds N. and long. 94

degrees 56 minutes 06 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; common very

fine and fine roots; few very fine tubular pores;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—6 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine

and fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

AB—12 to 19 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry;

moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots; few

very fine tubular pores; many distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg1—19 to 27 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; moderate very fine and fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots;

few very fine tubular pores; common distinct very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings

on faces of peds; common fine distinct olive brown

(2.5Y 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2—27 to 38 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate very fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm;

few very fine and fine roots; few very fine tubular

pores; common distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; common

fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bkg—38 to 50 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

weak medium subangular blocky; friable; few very

fine and fine roots; few very fine tubular pores;

common fine rounded very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

masses and concretions of calcium carbonate;

about 5 percent mixed gravel; common medium

and coarse prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg—50 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; massive; friable;

very few fine tubular pores; common very fine and

fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) masses of

calcium carbonate; about 2 percent mixed gravel;

common fine and medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 24 inches

Depth to free carbonates: 18 to 44 inches

Depth to till: 40 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bw or Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 or 3
102 Soil Survey of

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bk or Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Ocheyedan Series

Taxadjunct features: The Ocheyedan soil in map unit

379C2 does not have a mollic epipedon. This soil

is classified as a fine-loamy, mixed, superactive,

mesic Typic Eutrudept.

Typical Pedon

Ocheyedan loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in a cultivated

field; 960 feet north and 710 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 28, T. 97 N., R. 38 W.; USGS Everly,

Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 11

minutes 12 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 20

minutes 42 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A—7 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and medium

granular structure; friable; few brown (10YR 4/3)

earthworm casts; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bw1—14 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few black

(10YR 2/1) earthworm casts; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bw2—21 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy clay

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few black (10YR 2/1) earthworm casts;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw3—26 to 34 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many pores about 1

/16

inch in diameter; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

2BC—34 to 44 inches; mixed dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; noneffervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2Cg—44 to 65 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; massive; friable; common fine and medium

very pale brown (10YR 8/2) masses of calcium

carbonate; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

3C—65 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and

5/6) clay loam; massive; firm; common fine and

medium very pale brown (10YR 8/2) masses of

calcium carbonate; about 3 percent gravel;

common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 55 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 20 inches

Other features: A lacustrine substratum phase is

recognized. The lacustrine material is below a

depth of 60 inches. It has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value

of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. The texture is silt

loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction is

slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay

loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2BC and 2Cg horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, silt loam, or sandy clay

loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

3C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6
Clay County, Iowa 103

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Okoboji Series

Typical Pedon

Okoboji silty clay loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, in a cultivated field; 2,500 feet south and 550

feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 12, T. 97 N.,

R. 35 W., Lake Township; USGS Ruthven, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 14 minutes 06

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 54 minutes 57

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (N 3/0) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine and fine roots; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

A1—8 to 18 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (N 3/0) dry; moderate fine and medium

granular structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

A2—18 to 40 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine roots; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

AB—40 to 45 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine roots; very few reddish brown (5YR 4/4) iron

oxide coatings on faces of peds; common medium

prominent olive gray (5Y 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bg1—45 to 55 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; very few distinct

black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; few medium black (10YR 2/1) rounded ironmanganese concretions; common medium faint

olive gray (5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bg2—55 to 65 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; very few distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; few yellowish red (5YR

4/6) iron oxide coatings on faces of peds; few

medium black (10YR 2/1) rounded ironmanganese concretions; common medium faint

gray (5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg—65 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay

loam; massive; friable; few yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

iron oxides; few medium black (10YR 2/1) rounded

iron-manganese concretions; common medium

faint gray (5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 56 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 48 inches

Ap, A, and AB horizons:

Hue—10YR, 5Y, or N

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam or mucky silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam that has thin strata of silt

loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Omsrud Series

Taxadjunct features: The Omsrud soils in this survey

area do not have a mollic epipedon. They are

classified as fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic

Typic Eutrudepts.

Typical Pedon

Omsrud loam, in an area of Storden-Omsrud complex,

9 to 14 percent slopes, moderately eroded, in a

cultivated field; 780 feet south and 300 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 3, T. 96 N., R. 36 W., Sioux

Township; USGS Dickens, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 09 minutes 53 seconds N.

and long. 97 degrees 04 minutes 56 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam; mixed

with streaks and pockets of dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) material from the subsoil; very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine and fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—9 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
104 Soil Survey of

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

about 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw2—20 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; about 2 percent

gravel; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bk—32 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; weak very fine prismatic structure parting to

weak medium subangular blocky; friable; common

very fine and fine roots; few very fine black (10YR

2/1) iron-manganese oxide coatings on faces of

prisms; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

iron concretions; common white (10YR 8/1)

masses of calcium carbonate; about 3 to 5 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C1—45 to 63 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; friable; few fine black (10YR 2/1)

iron-manganese oxide coatings on faces of joints;

few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) iron

concretions; common white (10YR 8/1) masses of

calcium carbonate; about 3 to 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

C2—63 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; friable; few fine black (10YR 2/1)

iron-manganese oxide coatings on faces of joints;

common very pale brown (10YR 8/2) threads and

masses of calcium carbonate; about 5 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 18 to 50 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 20 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bw and Bk horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral in the Bw

horizon; slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

in the Bk horizon

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Primghar Series

Typical Pedon

Primghar silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; about 41/2 miles north and 2 miles west

of Marcus, in Cherokee County, Iowa; about 880 feet

south and 410 feet west of the northeast corner of sec.

7, T. 93 N., R. 42 W.; USGS Granville East topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 53 minutes 35 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 50 minutes 34 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

A—8 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

AB—12 to 17 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay loam; some mixing of very dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) subsoil material in the

lower part; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; black

(10YR 2/1) coatings on faces of peds; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bw1—17 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few black (10YR 2/1) concretions

(manganese oxides); common very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) coatings in root channels and

on faces of peds; few fine distinct olive brown

(2.5Y 4/4) and few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—25 to 36 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common black (10YR 2/1)

concretions (manganese oxides); few fine distinct

olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bkg—36 to 49 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; common black (10YR 2/1)

concretions (manganese oxides); common very

pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate

nodules; many medium distinct light olive brown
Clay County, Iowa 105

(2.5Y 5/4) and common fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg—49 to 60 inches; mottled grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

silt loam; massive; friable; many strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; many

black (10YR 2/1) concretions (manganese oxides);

common very pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium

carbonate accumulations and few very pale brown

(10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 48 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 24 inches

Depth to till: More than 60 inches

Other features: Some pedons have a 2C or 2Cg

horizon below a depth of 60 inches.

Ap, A, and AB horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bk or Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

C or Cg horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2C or 2Cg horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Content of rock fragments—1 to 8 percent by

volume

Ransom Series

Typical Pedon

Ransom silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 1,000 feet north and 1,200 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 19, T. 94 N., R. 36 W.,

Herdland Township; USGS Sioux Rapids topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 56 minutes 33 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 08 minutes 12 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and

medium angular blocky structure parting to weak

fine granular; friable; common very fine and fine

roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A—8 to 13 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak fine granular structure; friable; common very

fine and fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

BA—13 to 17 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) and

brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak fine

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw1—17 to 22 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) coatings on

faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bw2—22 to 34 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

few fine black (10YR 2/1) rounded ironmanganese nodules; few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

common medium and coarse distinct dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 4/2) redoximorphic depletions;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2BC1—34 to 36 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

few fine black (10YR 2/1) rounded ironmanganese nodules; about 2 percent gravel;

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2BC2—36 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm;

common very fine and fine roots; common
106 Soil Survey of

medium and coarse very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

calcium carbonate nodules; about 2 percent

gravel; common fine and medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and yellowish red (5YR

4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; many fine and

medium prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 22 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 22 inches

Depth to till: 24 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly acid

BA and Bw horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 5

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Ridgeport Series

Typical Pedon

Ridgeport sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 100 feet

west and 600 feet south of the northeast corner of sec.

31, T. 91 N., R. 28 W.; in Humboldt County, Iowa;

USGS Humboldt topographic quadrangle; lat. 42

degrees 11 minutes 18 seconds N. and long. 94

degrees 16 minutes 58 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry;

weak fine and medium granular structure; very

friable; common fine roots; about 3 percent gravel;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 15 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy

loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) dry; weak fine

and medium granular structure; very friable;

common fine roots; about 3 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

BA—15 to 19 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine granular; very

friable; common fine roots; few faint dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds;

about 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bw1—19 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

common fine roots; about 5 percent gravel;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—25 to 36 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

common fine roots; about 7 percent gravel;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

2BC—36 to 46 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) and strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) loamy sand; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

about 10 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2C1—46 to 58 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

sand; single grain; loose; about 20 to 25 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

2C2—58 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

sand; single grain; loose; about 20 to 25 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 50 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Depth to contrasting material: 24 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—2

Texture—sandy loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly acid

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly acid

2BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loamy sand

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR
Clay County, Iowa 107

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—gravelly sand

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Roine Series

Taxadjunct features: The Roine soil in map unit 875C2

does not have a mollic epipedon. This soil is

classified as a loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic

Eutrudept.

Typical Pedon

Roine fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 2,440 feet north and 100 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 14, T. 96 N., R. 38 W.,

Lone Tree Township; USGS Everly, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 08 minutes 03 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 16 minutes 45 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine sandy loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; common very fine to

medium roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—8 to 12 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

and dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam,

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; friable; common very fine to medium

roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—12 to 22 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—22 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy fine

sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine and medium

roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw3—38 to 48 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4 and 5/4),

stratified loamy fine sand and sandy loam; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine

distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; common fine prominent grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

2Cg1—48 to 52 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

loam; massive; friable; common fine roots;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2Cg2—52 to 59 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; massive; friable; common fine roots; many

medium and coarse rounded yellowish red (5YR

4/6) masses of iron; few medium rounded very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron-manganese

nodules; many fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

3Cg3—59 to 76 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam; massive; firm; common fine and medium

rounded yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron;

few fine rounded very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

calcium carbonate nodules; about 3 percent

gravel; many fine and medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

3Cg4—76 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; massive; firm; common fine and medium

rounded strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron;

few medium very dark gray (10YR 3/1) ironmanganese nodules; about 3 percent gravel;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 80 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 16 inches

Depth to till: 40 to 60 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy

fine sand

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
108 Soil Survey of

3Cg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Rolfe Series

Typical Pedon

Rolfe silt loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes, in

a cultivated field; 110 feet east and 1,056 feet south of

the center of sec. 3, T. 96 N., R. 35 W., Freeman

Township; USGS Ruthven, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 09 minutes 34 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 57 minutes 44 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—10 to 16 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) silt loam, light gray

(10YR 7/1) dry; weak thin platy structure parting to

weak fine granular; friable; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Btg1—16 to 21 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty

clay; strong medium and fine angular blocky

structure; firm; distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1) clay

films on faces of peds; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg2—21 to 32 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay;

moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; distinct very

dark gray (5Y 3/1) clay films on faces of peds and

prisms; common fine prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg3—32 to 41 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium angular blocky; firm; distinct

very dark gray (5Y 3/1) clay films on faces of peds

and prisms; few coarse prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg4—41 to 50 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; distinct

very dark gray (5Y 3/1) clay films on faces of peds

and prisms; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

2BCg—50 to 62 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure; friable; about 2

percent gravel; many moderate prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2Cg—62 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay loam;

massive; friable; about 2 percent gravel; common

medium and fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 42 to 80 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or loam

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid

Btg horizon:

Hue—5Y or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay, clay, or clay loam

Reaction—moderately acid to neutral

2BCg and 2Cg horizons:

Hue—5Y or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline

Rushmore Series

Typical Pedon

Rushmore silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 1,300 feet west and 1,000 feet north of

the southeast corner of sec. 2, T. 97 N., R. 37 W.,

Summit Township; USGS Spencer, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 14 minutes 43 seconds N.
Clay County, Iowa 109

and long. 95 degrees 10 minutes 28 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (N 3/0) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine and fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A1—7 to 15 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (N 3/0) dry; weak medium granular

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

A2—15 to 21 inches; very dark gray (N 3/0) silty clay

loam, dark gray (5Y 4/1) dry; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine and fine roots; common fine prominent very

dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) redoximorphic

depletions; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg1—21 to 30 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine and fine roots; few

distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1) organic coatings

on faces of peds; common fine and medium

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

2Bg2—30 to 42 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots;

about 2 percent gravel; common fine and medium

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2BCg—42 to 52 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loam; weak very fine prismatic structure; firm;

about 2 percent gravel; about 2 percent fine

fragments of shale; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and many fine

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2Cg—52 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

massive; firm; about 2 percent gravel; about 2

percent fine fragments of shale; many fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and

common fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 36 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 24 inches

Depth to till: 24 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

2Bg and 2BCg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Sac Series

Taxadjunct features: The Sac soil in map unit 77C2

does not have a mollic epipedon. This soil is

classified as a fine-loamy, mixed, superactive,

mesic Typic Eutrudept.

Typical Pedon

Sac silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 1,700 feet north and 400 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 16, T. 95 N., R. 38 W.,

Clay Township; USGS Royal, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 02 minutes 39 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 19 minutes 45 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

common very fine and fine pores; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

A—6 to 12 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty

clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

dry; weak medium granular structure; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; common very

fine and fine pores; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

AB—12 to 16 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay
110 Soil Survey of

loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure parting to weak medium granular;

friable; common very fine and fine roots; common

very fine and fine pores; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bw1—16 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; common very fine

and fine pores; very few distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of

peds; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—24 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine

pores; common fine and medium distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Bw3—32 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine

pores; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) coatings; about

3 percent rounded cobbles; common fine

prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt wavy boundary.

2Bk1—38 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure; firm;

common very fine and fine pores; common fine

and medium very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

carbonate masses; about 2 percent rounded

mixed cobbles and about 2 percent angular shale

pebbles; common fine distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bk2—46 to 55 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure; firm;

common very fine and fine pores; few prominent

yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron stains; common fine

and medium very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

carbonate masses; about 2 percent rounded

mixed cobbles and 3 percent rounded mixed

pebbles; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

common fine prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2C1—55 to 70 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay loam; massive; firm; common very fine and

fine pores; few fine and medium very pale brown

(10YR 8/2) carbonate masses; about 2 percent

rounded mixed cobbles, 2 percent rounded mixed

gravel, and 3 percent angular shale fragments;

common fine prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2C2—70 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; massive; firm; common very fine and

fine pores; few fine and medium very pale brown

(10YR 8/2) carbonate nodules; about 2 percent

rounded mixed cobbles and 2 percent rounded

mixed pebbles; common fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; many fine and

medium prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to till: 20 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—moderately acid or slightly acid

AB or BA horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—moderately acid or slightly acid

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5
Clay County, Iowa 111

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Shandep Series

Typical Pedon

Shandep loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a pasture;

about 8 miles east of Hampton, in Franklin County,

Iowa; 1,675 feet south and 75 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 92 N., R. 19 W.; USGS

Ackley Northeast topographic quadrangle; lat. 42

degrees 44 minutes 24 seconds N. and long. 93

degrees 02 minutes 41 seconds W., NAD 27:

A1—0 to 5 inches; black (N 2/0) loam; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; few pebbles; slightly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A2—5 to 25 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam; moderate

fine granular structure; friable; few pebbles; slightly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A3—25 to 29 inches; black (5Y 2/1) and very dark

gray (5Y 3/1) clay loam; weak medium granular

structure; friable; few pebbles; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bg1—29 to 37 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few pebbles; slightly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bg2—37 to 45 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) loam; weak fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few pebbles; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Cg—45 to 60 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) loamy sand;

single grain; loose; few pebbles; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 26 to 36 inches

Depth to sandy material: 40 to 60 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—5Y or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—5Y or N

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam, loam, or silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1

Texture—loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand

Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline

Sparta Series

Typical Pedon

Sparta loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 644 feet north and 2,277 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 29, T. 97 N., R. 37 W.,

Summit Township; USGS Spencer, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 11 minutes 07 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 13 minutes 47 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy

sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak

fine and medium granular structure; very friable;

few fine and medium roots; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—8 to 13 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

very fine and fine granular structure; very friable;

very fine and fine roots; very dark brown (10YR

2/2) organic coatings in the upper 2 inches;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw—13 to 25 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loamy sand; some mixing of dark brown (10YR

3/3) loamy sand in the upper part; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; very friable; neutral;

abrupt wavy boundary.

C1—25 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sand; single grain; loose; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

C2—36 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; single grain; loose; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

C3—48 to 60 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

sand; single grain; loose; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

C4—60 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

sand; single grain; loose; slightly alkaline.
112 Soil Survey of

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loamy sand, sand, or fine sand

Reaction—strongly acid to neutral

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sand or fine sand

Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline

Spillville Series

Typical Pedon

Spillville loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded, in a cultivated field; 333 feet north and 204

feet east of the center of sec. 12, T. 94 N., R. 37 W.,

Douglas Township; USGS Sioux Rapids, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 58 minutes 34

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 09 minutes 36

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine granular; friable;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A1—7 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine granular; friable;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

A2—17 to 32 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; friable; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

A3—32 to 41 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt wavy

boundary.

A4—41 to 52 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak coarse prismatic

structure parting to weak fine and medium

subangular blocky; friable; thin white (10YR 8/1)

calcium carbonate coatings on faces of peds and

prisms; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

AC—52 to 58 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak

fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) coatings on faces of peds

and prisms; white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate

coatings on faces of peds and prisms; few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

C1—58 to 67 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam; massive; friable; few thin strata of grayish

brown (10YR 5/2); common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—67 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2),

stratified loam and sandy loam; massive (single

grain in the coarser strata); friable (loose in the

coarser strata); few thin strata of pale brown

(10YR 6/3); about 3 to 5 percent gravel; many fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

A and AC horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Reaction—moderately acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam grading to stratified loamy sand

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

Storden Series

Typical Pedon

Storden loam, in an area of Storden-Omsrud complex,

9 to 14 percent slopes, moderately eroded, in a

cultivated field; 950 feet south and 2,150 feet west of

the northeast corner of sec. 7, T. 97 N., R. 35 W., Lake
Clay County, Iowa 113

Township; USGS Dickens, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 14 minutes 21 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 01 minute 20 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; common fine and

medium roots; about 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bk—7 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; common

medium rounded strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron

concretions; few fine light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium

carbonate threads; about 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C1—16 to 55 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; friable; common very fine and fine

roots; common medium rounded strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) iron concretions; few fine light gray

(10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate threads; about 5

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—55 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; massive; friable; common very fine

and fine roots; common medium rounded strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron concretions; few fine light

gray (10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate threads; about

5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Presence of carbonates: In all horizons

A or Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Sunburg Series

Typical Pedon

Sunburg loam, 9 to 14 percent slopes, moderately

eroded, in a cultivated field; 2,400 feet south and 150

feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 20, T. 97 N.,

R. 35 W., Lake Township; USGS Ruthven, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 12 minutes 35

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 59 minutes 13

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure parting to weak fine granular;

friable; few very fine roots; about 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt

wavy boundary.

Bk—5 to 23 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very

pale brown (10YR 8/2) masses of calcium

carbonate; about 10 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

C1—23 to 41 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

massive; friable; few very fine roots; few very pale

brown (10YR 8/2) masses of calcium carbonate;

about 10 percent gravel; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C2—41 to 56 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; massive; very friable; few very pale

brown (10YR 8/2) masses of calcium carbonate;

about 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C3—56 to 70 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

massive; friable; about 10 percent gravel; common

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C4—70 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; massive; very friable; few fine and

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) iron

concretions; about 3 percent gravel; common

medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 0 to 10 inches

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 10 inches
114 Soil Survey of

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or fine sandy loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Talcot Series

Typical Pedon

Talcot clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0

to 2 percent slopes, in a cultivated field; 2,600 feet

east and 1,350 feet north of the southwest corner of

sec. 27, T. 96 N., R. 35 W., Freeman Township; USGS

Silver Lake, Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43

degrees 06 minutes 05 seconds N. and long. 94

degrees 57 minutes 46 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, very dark

gray (N 3/0) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

A—7 to 21 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, very dark

gray (N 3/0) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

AB—21 to 24 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) and dark

gray (5Y 4/1) clay loam, olive gray (5Y 5/2) dry;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

common black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese

nodules; common yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron

concretions; common medium faint olive gray (5Y

4/2) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bg—24 to 36 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay loam; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine and medium roots; common black

(10YR 2/1) iron-manganese nodules; common

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron concretions;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

2Cg1—36 to 38 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/2) gravelly

loamy sand; single grain; loose; common very fine

and fine roots; about 15 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2Cg2—38 to 62 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/2) gravelly

sand; single grain; loose; about 25 percent gravel;

many fine and medium prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations

and iron concretions; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg3—62 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) gravelly

sand; single grain; loose; about 25 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 24 inches

Depth to contrasting material: 24 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—coarse sand, sand, or loamy sand or the

gravelly analogs of these textures

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Terril Series

Typical Pedon

Terril loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in a cultivated field;

150 feet west and 210 feet north of the southeast

corner of sec. 27, T. 94 N., R. 36 W., Herdland

Township; USGS Webb, Iowa, topographic quadrangle;

lat. 42 degrees 55 minutes 30 seconds N. and long. 95

degrees 04 minutes 22 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark
Clay County, Iowa 115

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A1—7 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable;

common fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

A2—16 to 24 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine roots; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

A3—24 to 30 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

BA—30 to 36 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine roots; very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) coatings on faces of peds; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—36 to 43 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—43 to 51 inches; mixed dark brown (10YR 3/3)

and brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam, brown (10YR

5/3) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

BC—51 to 61 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; few fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

C1—61 to 72 inches; mixed brown (10YR 4/3) and

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; massive;

friable; few and common fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

C2—72 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; friable; common fine prominent

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: More than 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Depth to till: More than 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

BA, Bw, and BC horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

Wacousta Series

Typical Pedon

Wacousta silty clay loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, about 3 miles southwest of Bode; 850 feet

north and 2,240 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 25, T. 93 N., R. 30 W.; USGS Bode topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 50 minutes 10 seconds N.

and long. 94 degrees 20 minutes 06 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; cloddy parting to weak

medium granular structure; friable; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

A—9 to 14 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; very dark gray (10YR

3/1) kneaded; weak fine granular and weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bg—14 to 16 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) and olive gray

(5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common medium distinct

olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) iron concentrations; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—16 to 28 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay

loam; massive; friable; some dark olive gray (5Y

3/2) materials in root channels; common medium

distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and common

coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron

concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; diffuse smooth boundary.

Cg2—28 to 60 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) silt
116 Soil Survey of

loam; massive; friable; some very fine and fine

sand grains; few fine dark oxides; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron

concentrations; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 12 to 20 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 18 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam or mucky silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline to slightly acid

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Wadena Series

Typical Pedon

Wadena loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to

2 percent slopes, in a cultivated field; 2,000 feet south

and 150 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T.

96 N., R. 37 W., Summit Township; USGS Spencer,

Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 09

minutes 51 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 12

minutes 38 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine and fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 15 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine and fine roots; slightly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

AB—15 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loam; some mixing of brown (10YR 4/3) loam;

brown (10YR 4/3) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw—18 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common

very fine and fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2C1—29 to 55 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3 and 4/4)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; about 30 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2C2—55 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; about 40

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 60 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 24 inches

Depth to contrasting material: 24 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—coarse sand or sand or the gravelly or

very gravelly analogs of these textures

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

Waldorf Series

Typical Pedon

Waldorf silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a cultivated

field; 93 feet east and 1,800 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 96 N., R. 36 W., Sioux

Township; USGS Dickens, Iowa, topographic

quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 08 minutes 50 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 03 minutes 01 second W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; firm; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—7 to 15 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, very
Clay County, Iowa 117

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; firm; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

AB—15 to 22 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty clay,

dark gray (5Y 4/1) dry; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct

black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common fine faint dark olive gray (5Y 3/2)

redoximorphic depletions; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg1—22 to 32 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay;

moderate very fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate very fine subangular blocky; firm;

common distinct dark gray (5Y 4/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; common fine prominent

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—32 to 40 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

moderate very fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; common

distinct olive gray (5Y 4/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; many fine prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bkg1—40 to 48 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay; weak

very fine prismatic structure parting to moderate

fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; common

fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) masses of

calcium carbonate; many fine prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bkg2—48 to 56 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

weak very fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky;

firm; common fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

masses of calcium carbonate; many fine

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

BCg—56 to 69 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

weak fine prismatic structure; firm; common fine

very pale brown (10YR 8/2) masses of calcium

carbonate; many fine prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) and common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg—69 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay

loam; massive; friable; many fine prominent light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 26 to 55 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 16 to 24 inches

Ap, A, and AB horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay

Reaction—neutral or slightly acid

Bg and Bkg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

BCg and Cg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, clay, or silt loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Webster Series

Typical Pedon

Webster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 240 feet south and 288 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 13, T. 94 N., R. 36 W.,

Herdland Township; USGS Webb, Iowa, topographical

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 58 minutes 06 seconds N.

and long. 95 degrees 02 minutes 06 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, black

(10YR 2/1) dry; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular;

friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—7 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure parting to

moderate fine granular; friable; slightly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

AB—14 to 18 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam

grading to very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) in the lower

part; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—18 to 24 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silty clay
118 Soil Survey of

loam; moderate fine and medium angular and

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

dark manganese concretions; distinct very dark

gray (2.5Y 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; few medium

faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2—24 to 30 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium angular

and subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine

dark manganese concretions; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; common medium

and fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; noneffervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bg3—30 to 41 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few medium and large prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron oxides; many fine dark

manganese concretions; thin lens of sandy loam

at a depth of 39 to 41 inches; about 2 percent

gravel; many fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

BCg—41 to 47 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine dark manganese concretions;

common white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate

nodules; about 2 percent gravel; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg1—47 to 56 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

massive; friable; few fine dark manganese

concretions; few white (10YR 8/1) calcium

carbonate nodules; about 2 percent gravel;

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg2—56 to 61 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

massive; friable; common fine dark manganese

concretions; few fine and medium strong brown

(7.5YR 4/6) iron accumulations; few white (10YR

8/2) calcium carbonate nodules; about 3 percent

gravel; many fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg3—61 to 74 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

massive; friable; very few dark manganese

concretions; few very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

calcium carbonate nodules; about 5 percent

gravel; many fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg4—74 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

massive; friable; common fine and medium dark

manganese concretions; few fine distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron oxides; few very pale

brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules;

about 5 percent gravel; many fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 60 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 24 inches

Ap, A, and AB horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly acid

Bg horizon:

Hue—5Y or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam, loam, or silty clay loam that

has a high content of sand

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

BCg horizon:

Hue—5Y or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—neutral or slightly alkaline

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Wilmonton Series

Typical Pedon

Wilmonton clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 400 feet south and 1,850 feet east of
Clay County, Iowa 119

the northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 96 N., R. 37 W.,

Riverton Township; USGS Greenville, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 05 minutes 43

seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 09 minutes 51

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A—8 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine and fine roots; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

AB—14 to 19 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine and fine roots; common mixings of light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) subsoil material; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

2Bw—19 to 26 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots;

very few distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron

oxide coatings on faces of peds and in pores;

common medium black (10YR 2/1) wormcasts;

common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

2Bk—26 to 35 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; very few distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) iron oxide coatings on faces of peds

and in pores; common fine and medium white

(10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate nodules; common

fine and medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

common fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2BC1—35 to 58 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm;

few prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron

oxide coatings on faces of peds; common fine and

medium white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate

nodules; common fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; many medium and coarse distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2BC2—58 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; common fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; common fine and

medium white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate

nodules; many medium and coarse distinct grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 14 to 24 inches

Ap, A, and AB horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam or silty clay loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

2Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Zenor Series

Taxadjunct features: The Zenor soil in map unit 828C2

does not have a mollic epipedon. This soil is

classified as a coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive,

mesic Typic Eutrudept.

Typical Pedon

Zenor sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in a

cultivated field; 2,150 feet west and 50 feet south of

the northeast corner of sec. 25, T. 94 N., R. 35 W.,

Garfield Township; USGS Rush Lake West, Iowa,

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 56 minutes 18

seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 55 minutes 10

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy
120 Soil Survey of

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry;

weak fine and medium granular structure; friable;

common very fine roots; about 5 percent gravel;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 14 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy

loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine roots; about 5 percent gravel;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

AB—14 to 18 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) and

brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bw—18 to 25 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

about 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

C1—25 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; massive; friable; few medium very

pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate

nodules; about 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C2—42 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy sand; single grain; loose; few medium very

pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate

nodules; about 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

AB horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam or loam

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, loamy sand, gravelly loamy

sand, or gravelly sand

Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

Zook Series

Typical Pedon

Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded, in a cultivated field; 2,200 feet

north and 100 feet east of the southwest corner of sec.

9, T. 94 N., R. 36 W., Herdland Township; USGS Webb,

Iowa, topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 59

minutes 13 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 06

minutes 02 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (N 3/0) dry; weak fine granular and

weak fine angular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

A1—6 to 19 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay, very dark

gray (N 3/0) dry; weak fine granular and weak fine

angular blocky structure; friable; common very fine

and fine roots; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

A2—19 to 26 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay, very dark

gray (N 3/0) dry; weak medium subangular blocky

and weak fine angular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine roots; slightly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

A3—26 to 40 inches; black (N 2/0 and 10YR 2/1) silty

clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

and medium angular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine roots; common very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) pressure faces; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bg1—40 to 54 inches; very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) silty

clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak

fine prismatic structure; friable; common very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) pressure faces; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bg2—54 to 74 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay;

moderate fine prismatic structure; firm; many very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) pressure faces;

common fine prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

Cg—74 to 80 inches; very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) silty

clay; massive; firm; common very dark grayish
Clay County, Iowa 121

brown (10YR 3/2) pressure faces; few fine

prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 50 or more inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 36 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Reaction—neutral to moderately acid

Bg and Cg horizons:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—1

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Reaction—slightly acid or neutral

123

Soil forms through processes that act on deposited

or accumulated geologic material. The characteristics

of the soil at any given point are determined by five

major soil-forming factors: the physical and

mineralogical composition of the parent material; the

climate under which the soil material has accumulated

and existed since accumulation; the plant and animal

life on and in the soil; the relief, or lay of the land; and

the length of time that the forces of soil formation have

acted on the soil material (Jenny, 1941). Human

activities also affect soil formation.

Climate and plant and animal life, chiefly plants, are

the active factors of soil formation. They act on parent

material that has accumulated through the weathering

of rocks and slowly change it into a natural body that

has genetically related horizons. Relief conditions the

effects of climate and plant and animal life. The parent

material also affects the kind of profile that can be

formed and in extreme cases determines it almost

entirely. Finally, time is needed for the changing of

parent material into a soil. The length of time may be

short or long, but some time is required for the

differentiation of soil horizons. A long period of time is

generally required for the development of distinct

horizons.

The factors of soil formation are so closely

interrelated in their effects on the soil that few

generalizations can be made regarding the effect of

any one factor unless conditions are specified for the

others.

Climate

The soils in Clay County formed under a variety of

climatic conditions. The older soils of the MLRA 107

area, which is in the western two-thirds of the county,

began forming following loess deposition about 12,500

years ago when the climate began to warm and

become less humid. Although this part of Clay County

was not glaciated during the Cary Glacial Period, the

return to much colder conditions immediately to the

east certainly had an effect on the type of vegetative

growth and slowed down the formation processes. The

soils of the MLRA 103 area, which is in the eastern

one-third of the county, began forming following the

last glacial period in Iowa. During the post-Cary

glaciation period, 13,800 to 10,500 years ago, the

climate was cool and the vegetation was dominantly

conifers (Walker, 1966b). During the period beginning

about 10,500 years ago and ending about 8,000 years

ago, a warming trend changed the vegetation from

conifers to mixed hardwoods. Beginning about 8,000

years ago, the climate became warmer and drier and

herbaceous prairie vegetation became dominant. A

change from a dry to a moister climate began about

3,000 years ago (McComb and Loomis, 1944). The

present climate is referred to as subhumid and

midcontinental.

A nearly uniform climate presently prevails

throughout the survey area. The general climate has

had an important overall influence on the

characteristics of the soils but has not created major

differences among them. The influence of the general

climate of the region, however, is modified by local

conditions. For example, soils on south-facing slopes

formed under a microclimate that is warmer and less

humid than the average climate in nearby areas. The

climate under which poorly drained or very poorly

drained soils in low areas, such as bottom lands or

depressions, have been forming is typically wetter and

colder than in most of the surrounding areas.

Changes in temperature activate the weathering of

parent material by water and air. As the parent

material weathers, changes caused by physical and

chemical actions take place. Rainfall affects the

amount of leaching in the soil and the kinds of plants

that grow on the soil. Climate indirectly affects soil

formation through the effects of temperature and other

climatic factors on the plant and animal life on and in

the soil. Clay County is on the border of the more

humid conditions of central and eastern Iowa and the

less humid conditions of western Iowa and the

bordering states of South Dakota and Nebraska. The

less humid conditions have had an influence on the

soil properties of the reddish, gravelly soils of the May

City series. These soils are high in iron and calcium

carbonates because of the climatic effects on the

weathering processes.

Formation of the Soils
124 Soil Survey of

Living Organisms

All living organisms, including vegetation, animals,

bacteria, and fungi, are important factors of soil

formation, and plants are especially significant

(McComb and others, 1961). Native grasses typically

have an abundance of above-ground growth as well as

a myriad of fibrous roots that penetrate the soil to an

average depth of 10 to 20 inches. As these plants

grow and, particularly, when they die, they add large

amounts of organic matter to the surface layer and

add various nutrients to the surface layer and the

subsoil. Trees commonly feed on plant nutrients deep

in the subsoil and contribute little organic material to

the surface layer, other than that added by fallen leaves,

twigs, and branches. Much of the organic material from

dead trees actually remains on the soil surface.

Most of the soils of Clay County formed under

prairie grasses (fig. 9) or a mixture of prairie grasses

and water-tolerant plants. Some soils in Clay County

formed strictly under vegetation consisting of watertolerant plants. Clarion and Sac soils formed under

prairie grasses. In areas that have not eroded, these

soils typically have a dark surface layer that is 10 to 20

inches thick and have a content of organic matter of 3

to 5 percent. Afton and Webster soils formed under

prairie grasses and water-tolerant plants. Klossner and

Okoboji soils formed under vegetation consisting of

water-tolerant plants. These soils typically have a black

surface layer that is 20 to more than 30 inches thick

and have a very high content of organic matter.

The vegetation chiefly determines the color of the

surface layer and the content of organic matter and

nutrients in the soil, and the roots create soil pores

and root channels. Earthworms and other burrowing

animals also help to create soil pores and keep the

soil porous. Bacteria and fungi decompose the

vegetation and thereby release plant nutrients.

Topography

Relief indirectly influences soil formation through its

effect on soil drainage, runoff, and erosion. In the

steeper areas, more water runs off the surface and

less percolates into the soil. The higher runoff rate

results in less leaching of carbonates and less

movement of clay from the surface horizon into the

subsoil. The susceptibility to erosion increases as

slope increases. Much of Clay County is nearly level to

moderately sloping, but small areas, particularly along

the major rivers and streams, are strongly sloping to

very steep.

The aspect of the slope affects soil formation. For

example, south-facing slopes generally are warmer

and drier than north-facing slopes. As a result, they

typically support a different kind of vegetation.

The strongly sloping to steep Storden soils, gently

sloping to strongly sloping Clarion soils, and nearly

level and very gently sloping Nicollet soils, all of which

formed in the same kind of parent material and under

similar vegetation, differ because of differences in

topographic position. The thickness and color of the A

horizon and the thickness of the solum in these soils

are affected by slope. The A horizon and the solum are

thicker and the A horizon is darker in the less sloping

soils than in steeper areas.

The nearly level and depressional soils in Clay

County commonly have a gray or mottled subsoil as a

result of poor aeration and restricted internal drainage.

Gillett Grove, Okoboji, and Webster soils are

examples. In the depressional Okoboji soils, water is

periodically impounded on the surface, sometimes for

weeks or longer. Rolfe soils are another example of

depressional soils that impound water and are very

poorly drained. As the Rolfe soils formed, the

impounded water percolated through the surface layer,

removing clay-sized particles and redepositing them in

the subsoil. This movement of clay accelerated the

formation of the Rolfe soils. These soils typically have

a distinctly silty, light-colored subsurface layer and a

gray, clayey subsoil.

The micro-relief of the nearly level Coland and

Spillville soils on bottom land affects runoff, depth to

the water table, and the rate at which new sediments

are deposited. Coland soils are in low positions on the

landscape, generally some distance from the main

stream channel. They are poorly drained and impound

water for short periods. Spillville soils are typically

slightly higher on the landscape than the Coland soils,

are generally closer to the stream channel, and are

better drained.

Parent Material

The accumulation of parent material is the first step

in the formation of a soil. Most soils formed in material

that was transported from the site of the parent

material and redeposited at a new location through the

action of glacial ice, water, wind, and gravity. The

principal kinds of parent material are glacial drift,

loess, alluvium, eolian sands, lacustrine sediments,

and organic material.

Glacial drift is rock material transported and

deposited by glacial ice, including the material sorted

and unsorted by meltwater. It includes till, glacial

sediments, and glacial outwash. Till consists of

unsorted deposits in which particles range in size from

boulders to clay. Glacial sediments are the loamy
Clay County, Iowa 125

materials that have been sorted to some extent by

water. The fact that these sediments are in potholes or

in other low areas on the landscape indicates that

some of the sorting and deposition occurred since the

time of glaciation as well as during the ice age. Glacial

outwash is the sandy and gravelly material sorted by

glacial meltwater and deposited in valleys (generally

on relatively flat outwash plains) or in other areas

where water was concentrated.

The area that is now Clay County underwent at

least three major episodes of glaciation. These include

at least two early Pleistocene glacial stages

(previously called the Nebraskan and Kansan but now

referred to collectively as the Pre-Illinoian) and the

younger Wisconsinan glacial stage. The Pre-Illinoian

till in Clay County is buried in all areas by drift of the

Wisconsinan glacial stage. The area of the county in

MLRA 107 has till that formed in the Tazewell

substage, often referred to as the Sheldon Creek

Formation of the Wisconsinan glacial stage.

Radiocarbon dating indicates that this drift was

deposited about 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. Most of

the Sheldon Creek material is buried by 2 to 5 feet of

loess or loamy surficial sediments. Moneta soils are

the only soils in MLRA 107 area that developed

completely in drift and are exposed at the soil surface

by erosion of the loess. Moneta soils are on steep and

very steep side slopes along the major rivers and

streams. Everly soils formed in loamy sediments

overlying the Sheldon Creek till on gently sloping and

moderately sloping uplands. The area of the county in

MLRA 103 has till that formed in the Cary substage of

the Wisconsin glacial period (Ruhe, 1969). This area is

often referred to as the Cary Lobe or Des Moines

Figure 9.—Small areas of native prairie grasses and wildflowers are preserved throughout Clay County. These areas provide wildlife

habitat, preserve plant species, and promote an appreciation for precultivation conditions. This type of prairie vegetation

originally produced thick, dark topsoil across Clay County and northwestern Iowa.
126 Soil Survey of

Lobe. Radiocarbon dating indicates that this drift was

deposited about 12,500 to 14,000 years ago. Most of

the soils of the Cary substage occur on ground

moraines and end moraines. Clarion, Nicollet, and

Storden soils formed in till of the Cary substage.

Canisteo, Harps, and Webster soils are in the lower

areas on the landscape and formed in loamy

sediments and till (Walker, 1966a). Okoboji soils

formed in sediments derived from till that in some

places eroded from nearby slopes. Zenor soils formed

in glacial outwash.

Loess is silty material deposited by the wind. Loess

consists mainly of silt- and clay-sized particles and

small amounts (generally less than 15 percent) of fine

and very fine sand. The loess in Clay County typically

ranges from 20 to 60 inches in thickness and

commonly overlies Tazewell-age drift. According to

recent geology studies (Prior, 1991), the Wisconsinage loess in Iowa ranges in age from about 12,500 to

31,000 years. The loess was transported to the area

following extensive erosion of the glacial surface,

which filled river valleys with massive amounts of

sediment. Although some of the loess is from local

sources near the area, most of the material originated

from the Missouri River and Big Sioux River valleys.

Alluvium is sediment deposited by water along

rivers and streams, in upland drainageways, in

depressional areas, and on stream terraces. The

texture of alluvium varies widely because of the

differences in the material from which it was derived

and the manner in which it was deposited. Coland,

Spillville, and Zook soils formed in alluvium on bottom

land that is subject to flooding, typically within large

watershed areas. Alluvium that has been transported

only a short distance is referred to as local alluvium.

Local alluvium retains many of the characteristics of

the soils from which it was transported. The

calcareous Calco soils formed in local alluvium with

the surrounding calcareous till as its source. Local

alluvium transported and deposited by the forces of

gravity, typically at the base or footslopes of much

steeper slopes, is often referred to as colluvium. Terril

soils formed in local alluvium and/or colluvium,

commonly downslope from soils that formed in till.

Biscay, Cylinder, and Wadena soils formed in loamy

alluvium underlain by sand and gravel on stream

terraces. The material from which these latter soils

formed was mainly deposited by the meltwater from

the receding Cary glacial substage.

Eolian soils formed in sandy material deposited by

the wind, typically by the prevailing northwest winds.

The source of the sands is local in origin, and the

deposits are commonly in the uplands, particularly

along the east side of the Little Sioux and Ocheyedan

Rivers. Dickinson, Roine, and Sparta soils formed in

eolian sands.

Lacustrine or glaciolacustrine sediment is typically

fine textured, water-sorted material deposited by

nearly still waters near the margin of the glacial ice

rather than by rapidly moving meltwater. Lacustrine

sediments originated as deposits in depressions and

troughs on the Cary ice sheet. When the glacial ice

melted, the sediments remained in closed depressions

surrounded by till, or they stood out in relief as ridges.

Lacustrine sediments are typically silty clay loam or

silty clay and commonly range from 3 to 5 feet in

thickness. Some of the lacustrine sediments have a

thin mantle of loess or loamy sediments, and most are

underlain directly by till or by thick redeposited sand

and gravel overlying the till. These sediments are

scattered across the MLRA 103 area of the county.

Collinwood and Waldorf soils formed in these

sediments.

The most extensive area of lacustrine sediments in

Clay County occupies an area known geologically as

Glacial Lake Spencer. This area lies mainly north and

east of the city of Spencer and extends to nearby

Dickens. This relict lake formed during the PostTazewell substage and prior to the Cary substage of

the Wisconsinan glacial stage, when ice and/or debris

blocked the flow of the Little Sioux River near Gillett

Grove. The lake emptied when the blockage was

breached by glacial meltwater, most likely from the

immediately adjacent Cary Lobe. Geological evidence

indicates that the drainage from this large watershed,

which had supposedly drained to the Mississippi River

prior to the creation of the lake, changed its course

when the ice dam was breached. The new channel

that was created flowed to the Missouri River. The silty

to clayey lacustrine sediments in the relict Glacial Lake

Spencer area are as much as 15 to 20 feet thick.

Belmann soils and the Dickinson and Ocheyedan soils

that have a lacustrine substratum formed in the Glacial

Lake Spencer area.

Organic material consists of partially decomposed

plant materials that accumulated in old lakebeds,

marshy areas, and side hill seeps that supported a

heavy growth of aquatic plants. Till, lacustrine

sediment, or some other less permeable material

typically underlies these deposits and has kept the

surrounding area wet. In places, these organic

materials exceed 4 feet in thickness. Klossner soils

formed in organic deposits in marshy areas and old

lakebeds. Some soils, such as Knoke mucky silty clay

loam, have a thin surface layer that formed in organic

material, although the rest of the profile formed in

alluvial sediments. Many unique areas of organic

material, called fens, formed mainly on steep or very
Clay County, Iowa 127

steep slopes where water-saturated gravel, underlain

by denser till on the upper part of the slopes, results in

side hill seeps. These areas typically have hydrophytic

flora and fauna that do not exist in other areas of organic

soils. Fen Valley, an area near Gillett Grove preserved by

the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, contains

many of the fens in Clay County. Most of the original

organic soils in the county, including many of the fens

areas, have been artificially drained.

Time

The passage of time enables relief, climate, and

plant and animal life to bring about changes in the

parent material. If these factors are active for long

periods, very similar kinds of soil can form in widely

different kinds of parent materials. Soil formation,

however, is generally interrupted by geologic events

that expose new parent materials. In Clay County, new

parent material has been added to the entire upland

landscape at least four times (Simonson and others,

1952). The bedrock was covered by Pre-Illinoian

glacial drift at least twice, by loess and by glacial drift

of the Tazewell substage of the Wisconsinan glacial

stage. The eastern one-third of the county was

covered by the Cary substage of the Wisconsinan

glacial stage, which overlies the previous materials.

New parent material is added to the upland

drainageways and to the bottom land with every

passing erosional or flooding event and typically

creates the youngest soils in the county.

Geologically, the soils of Clay County are young.

The radiocarbon technique for determining the age of

carbonaceous material found in organic deposits as

well as in till has made it possible to determine the

approximate age of the soil materials in Iowa. The

dating process has indicated that the soils that formed

in loess in the MLRA 107 area are at least 12,500

years old. In much of Iowa, including Clay County,

erosion has beveled and in places removed the loess

material from side slopes and redeposited it as new

sediment downslope. Thus, the surfaces of the soils on

nearly level and very gently sloping upland divides,

such as McCreath soils, are older than the eroded

side slopes of the Sac soils (less than 12,500 years).

Both the McCreath and Sac soils are older than the

alluvial or colluvial sediments of the Afton soils in

upland drainageways. Further dating and research

indicate that the alluvium deposited at the base of

steep side slopes and on bottom land along major

rivers and streams is less than 3,000 years old. Terril

soils on footslopes and Colo, Coland, and Spillville

soils on bottom land represent some of the younger

soils in Clay County.

Human Activities

Important changes take place in the soil after it is

artificially drained and cultivated or altered for such

activities as the construction of homes or commercial

buildings. Some of these changes have little effect on

the processes of soil formation, but others have

dramatic effects.

Changes by erosion generally are the most

significant. Some of the cultivated or excavated soils in

the county, particularly the steeper ones, have lost

much of the original surface layer through sheet

erosion. This loss of organic matter as well as the finer

structure typical in the upper part of the soil profile can

reduce vegetative cover and increase runoff.

Fortunately, because of the large areas of the county

with low relief, many of the soils have not been

significantly affected by accelerated erosion.

Artificial drainage of soils, particularly in the MLRA

103 area of the county, has improved conditions for

cultivated crop growth but has lowered the water table,

increased soil temperature, and changed chemical

reactions in these normally cooler, wetter soils.

Such human activities as soil excavation, tree

removal, and building construction can also alter the

natural soil formation processes through soil

compaction and the subsequent decrease in

percolation rates.

Management practices have increased the

productivity of some soils and have reclaimed areas

that otherwise were not suitable for crop production or

building sites. Crops can be grown, for example, in

many areas where subsurface drainage has

sufficiently lowered the water table. Applications of

commercial fertilizers have helped to overcome the

deficiencies in plant nutrients and organic matter and

thus have increased the productivity of many soils,

particularly in moderately or severely eroded areas. A

knowledge of the soils and history of human activity in

specific areas helps to determine whether natural soil

conditions occur in that area.

129

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2000.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 20th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2001. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487–00.

Fisher, Charles S. 1969. Soil survey of Clay County, Iowa. U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Iowa Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Iowa State University. 2002. Iowa profiles—Clay County data. Department of

Economics.

Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

McComb, A.L., and W.E. Loomis. 1944. Sub-climax prairie. Torrey Botany Club Bulletin

71: 45–76.

McComb, A.L., and others. 1961. Effect of vegetation on soils in the forest-prairie

region. Recent Advances in Botany, pp. 1627–1631.

Prior, Jean C. 1991. Landforms of Iowa. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa

Geological Survey Bureau.

Ruhe, Robert V. 1969. Quaternary landscapes in Iowa.

Ruhe, Robert V., and P.H. Walker. 1968. Hillslope models and soil formation: I, Open

systems. Transactions of the 9th International Congress of Soil Science, Adelaide,

Australia, volume 4, pp. 551–560.

Simonson, Roy W., and others. 1952. Understanding Iowa soils.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making

and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1981. Land resource regions and major land

resource areas of the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.

References
130

United States Department of Agriculture. 2003. National soil survey handbook, title

430–VI. [Online] Available: http://soils.usda.gov/technical/handbook/.

Walker, Patrick H. 1966a. Post-glacial environments in relation to landscape and soils

on the Cary Drift, Iowa. Iowa State University Resource Bulletin 549: 838–875.

Walker, Patrick H. 1966b. Post-glacial erosion and environment changes in central Iowa.

Soil and Water Conservation 21: 21–23.
131

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately

1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1

month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous

areas geographically associated in a characteristic

repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a

single map unit.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate .......................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high .............................................. more than 12

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope

(fig. 10). In profile, backslopes are commonly

bounded by a convex shoulder above and a

concave footslope below.

Basal till. Compact till deposited beneath the ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Base slope. A geomorphic component of hills

(fig. 10) consisting of the concave to linear

(perpendicular to the contour) slope that,

regardless of the lateral shape, forms an apron or

wedge at the bottom of a hillside dominated by

colluvium and slope-wash sediments (for example,

slope alluvium).

Beach deposits. Material, such as sand and gravel,

that is generally laid down parallel to an active or

relict shoreline of a post-glacial or glacial lake.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where

the configuration and relief of the landforms are

determined or strongly influenced by the

underlying bedrock.

Bench (structural). A platformlike, nearly level to

gently inclined erosional surface developed in

resistant strata in areas where valleys are cut in

alternating strong and weak layers that are

essentially horizontal.

Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of

which consists of an illuvial horizon and the

overlying eluvial horizons.

Blowout. A shallow depression from which all or most

of the soil material has been removed by the wind.

A blowout has a flat or irregular floor formed by a

resistant layer or by an accumulation of pebbles or

cobbles. In some blowouts the water table is

exposed.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Glossary
132 Soil Survey of

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or

biological methods to make conditions favorable

for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition

from woody vegetation and thus allow understory

grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management

increases forage production and thus reduces the

hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for

some species of wildlife.

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Catsteps. Very small, irregular terraces on steep

hillsides, especially in pasture, formed by the

trampling of cattle or the slippage of saturated

soil.

Channery soil material. Soil material that has, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Figure 10.—Landscape relationship of geomorphic components and hillslope positions (modified after Ruhe and Walker, 1968).
Clay County, Iowa 133

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Claypan. A slowly permeable soil horizon that

contains much more clay than the horizons above

it. A claypan is commonly hard when dry and

plastic or stiff when wet.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material

has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and

extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60

percent.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the

living branches and their foliage.
134 Soil Survey of

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is

nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near

the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a

body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or

lake.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Divide. (a) The line of separation, or (b) the summit

area, or narrow tract of higher ground that

constitutes the watershed boundary between two

adjacent drainage basins (fig. 10); it divides the

surface waters that flow naturally in one direction

from those that flow in the opposite direction.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Drumlin. A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or

ridge of compact till. The longer axis is parallel to

the path of the glacier and commonly has a blunt

nose pointing in the direction from which the ice

approached.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface to

underlying pure humus.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It

receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Esker. A narrow, winding ridge of stratified gravelly

and sandy drift deposited by a stream flowing in a

tunnel beneath a glacier.

Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of

active deposition, incised by younger and lower

alluvial surfaces.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when
Clay County, Iowa 135

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flaggy soil material. Material that has, by volume, 15

to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material

has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely

flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent

flagstones.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone,

slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to

38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Flood-plain splay. A fan-shaped deposit or other

outspread deposit formed where an overloaded

stream breaks through a levee (natural or artificial)

and deposits its material (commonly coarse

grained) on the flood plain.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river

action, as a fluvial plain.

Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently

inclined surface at the base of a hillslope (fig. 10).

In profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in

porosity and content of organic matter and low or

moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand.

A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots.

When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher

bulk density than the horizon or horizons above.

When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under

pressure rather than to deform slowly.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Geomorphology. The science that treats the general

configuration of the earth’s surface; specifically the

study of the classification, description, nature,

origin, and development of landforms and their

relationships to underlying structures, and the

history of geologic changes as recorded by these

surface features. The term is especially applied to

the genetic interpretation of landforms.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.

Glacial outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly

stratified, deposited by glacial meltwater.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Graded stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

grade toward a protected waterway.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to
136 Soil Survey of

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Gumbotil. A sticky clay formed by the thorough

weathering of glacial drift.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.

Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or

layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey

and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium

carbonate, or other substance.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway (fig. 10).

The overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 3 or

more. Typical color in areas of iron

concentrations.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Ice-walled lake plain. A relict surface marking the

floor of an extinct lake basin that was formed on

solid ground and surrounded by stagnant ice in a

stable or unstable superglacial environment on

stagnation moraines. As the ice melted, the lake

plain became perched above the adjacent

landscape. The lake plain is well sorted, generally

fine textured, stratified deposits.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,
Clay County, Iowa 137

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways (fig. 10).

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron concentrations. High-chroma zones having a

high content of iron and manganese oxide

because of chemical oxidation and accumulation,

but having a clay content similar to that of the

adjacent matrix. A type of redoximorphic

concentration.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:

Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level

plains surrounded by levees or dikes.

Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a

strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled

by small earth ridges called border dikes, or

borders.

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at

intervals from closely spaced field ditches and

distributed uniformly over the field.

Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely

spaced furrows or ditches in fields of closegrowing crops or in orchards so that it flows in only

one direction.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil through such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made

by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for

tree and row crops.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil surface

through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or

tile lines until the water table is raised enough to

wet the soil.

Wild flooding.—Water, released at high points, is

allowed to flow onto an area without controlled

distribution.

Kame. An irregular, short ridge or hill of stratified

glacial drift.

Kame moraine. An end moraine that contains

numerous kames. A group of kames along the

front of a stagnant glacier, commonly comprising

the slumped remnants of a formerly continuous

outwash plain built up over the foot of rapidly

wasting or stagnant ice.

Karst (topography). The relief of an area underlain by

limestone that dissolves in differing degrees, thus

forming numerous depressions or small basins.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Lake bed. The bottom of a lake; a lake basin.

Lake plain. A nearly level surface marking the floor of

an extinct lake filled by well sorted, generally fine

textured, stratified deposits, commonly containing

varves.

Lake terrace. A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly

built, produced along a lakeshore in front of a

scarp line of low cliffs and later exposed when the

water level falls.
138 Soil Survey of

Lakeshore. A narrow strip of land in contact with or

bordering a lake; especially the beach of a lake.

Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass of

soil and loose rock, generally when wet or

saturated. The speed and distance of movement,

as well as the amount of soil and rock material,

vary greatly.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is

decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear

extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell

potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume

change between the water content of the clod at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension)

and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by

the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil.

The volume change is the percent change for the

whole soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the

resulting value is COLE, coefficient of linear

extensibility.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Low-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 2 or

less. Typical color in areas of iron depletions.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting

chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in

approximately equal amounts.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Meander scroll. One of a series of long, parallel,

close fitting, crescent-shaped ridges and troughs

formed along the inner bank of a stream meander

as the channel migrated laterally down-valley and

toward the outer bank.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

MLRA (major land resource area). A geographic

area characterized by a particular pattern of land

uses, elevation and topography, soils, climate,

water resources, and potential natural vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, medial, and ground.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15

millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,

more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of

silt and clay in approximately equal amounts.
Clay County, Iowa 139

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is

a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma

of 4.

Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that

contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an

adverse effect on the physical condition of the

subsoil.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside (fig. 10). The overland waterflow

is predominantly divergent.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Paleoterrace. An erosional remnant of a terrace that

retains the surface form and alluvial deposits of its

origin but was not emplaced by, and commonly

does not grade to, a present-day stream or

drainage network.

Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the

movement of water and the growth of roots. For

example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan,

and traffic pan.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Parts per million (ppm). The concentration of a

substance in the soil, such as phosphorus or

potassium, in one million parts of air-dried soil on

a weight per weight basis.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedisediment. A thin layer of alluvial material that

mantles an erosion surface and has been

transported to its present position from higher

lying areas of the erosion surface.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Impermeable ...........................less than 0.0015 inch

Very slow .................................... 0.0015 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

Phosphorus. The amount of phosphorus available to

plants at a depth of 30 to 42 inches is expressed

in parts per million and based on the weighted

average of air-dried soil samples. Terms
140 Soil Survey of

describing the amount of available phosphorus

are:

Very low ........................................ less than 7.5 ppm

Low ................................................... 7.5 to 13.0 ppm

Medium .......................................... 13.0 to 22.5 ppm

High .......................................... more than 22.5 ppm

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil.

Pitted outwash plain. An outwash plain marked by

many irregular depressions, such as kettles,

shallow pits, and potholes, which formed by

melting of incorporated ice masses.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Potassium. The amount of potassium available to

plants at a depth of 12 to 24 inches is expressed

in parts per million and based on the weighted

average of air-dried soil samples. Terms

describing the amount of available potassium

are:

Very low ......................................... less than 50 ppm

Low ....................................................... 50 to 79 ppm

Medium .............................................. 79 to 125 ppm

High ............................................more than 125 ppm

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant

community.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent material.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material
Clay County, Iowa 141

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an

amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline soil

does not contain excess exchangeable sodium.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saturated hydraulic conductivity. See Permeability.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope (fig. 10).

It is a transition from backslope to summit. The

surface is dominantly convex in profile and

erosional in origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside

(fig. 10). The overland waterflow is predominantly

parallel.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is

a drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Sloughed till. Water-saturated till that has flowed

slowly downhill from its original place of deposit by
142 Soil Survey of

glacial ice. It may rest on other till, on glacial

outwash, or on a glaciolacustrine deposit.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers,

and other equipment commonly used in

construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief and by the

passage of time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stagnation moraine. A body of drift released by the

melting of a glacier that ceased flowing.

Commonly but not always occurs near ice

margins; composed of till, ice-contact stratified

drift, and small areas of glacial lake sediment.

Typical landforms are knob-and-kettle topography,

locally including ice-walled lake plains.

Stone line. A concentration of rock fragments in a soil.

Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered

surface. In a cross section, the line may be one

fragment or more thick. It generally overlies

material that weathered in place and is overlain by

recent sediment of variable thickness.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stream terrace. A platform or series of platforms in a

stream valley, flanking and more or less parallel to

the stream channel, originally formed near the

level of the stream, and representing the remnants

of an abandoned flood plain, stream bed, or valley

floor produced during a former stage of fluvial

erosion or deposition.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope (fig. 10). It has a nearly level (planar or

only slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Swale. A slight depression in the midst of generally

level land. A shallow depression in an undulating

ground moraine caused by uneven glacial

deposition.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift that

generally marks the termination of important

glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts
Clay County, Iowa 143

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geomorphology). A steplike surface,

bordering a valley floor or shoreline, that

represents the former position of a flood plain,

lakeshore, or seashore. The term is usually

applied to both the relatively flat summit surface

(tread), cut or built by stream or wave action, and

the steeper descending slope (scarp or riser),

graded to a lower base level of erosion.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift consisting of

clay, silt, sand, and boulders transported and

deposited by glacial ice.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating soils underlain by till.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope (fig. 10).

Toeslopes in profile are commonly gentle and

linear and are constructional surfaces forming the

lower part of a hillslope continuum that grades to

valley or closed-depression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the

most favorable material for plant growth. It is

ordinarily rich in organic matter and is used to

topdress roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by

mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of

laminae deposited in a body of still water within a

year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional

areas that are excavated at an angle across a

sloping road. They are used to reduce the

downward velocity of water and divert it off and

away from the road surface. Water bars can easily

be driven over if constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

145

Tables
146 Soil Survey of

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Spencer, Iowa)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | | | will have-- | | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | | Average |Average| | | Average |Average

 | daily | daily | | Maximum | Minimum |number of| | Less | More |number of|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| growing | |than--|than--|days with|

 | | | | higher | lower | degree | | | |0.10 inch|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | days* | | | | or more | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | oF | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 24.6 | 4.6 | 14.6 | 52 | -26 | 0 | 0.50 | 0.20| 0.75| 1 | 4.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 February---| 29.7 | 10.0 | 19.8 | 57 | -22 | 0 | .65 | .16| 1.04| 1 | 8.6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 March------| 41.3 | 22.1 | 31.7 | 77 | -8 | 10 | 2.01 | .93| 2.93| 4 | 5.5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 April------| 58.4 | 35.2 | 46.8 | 88 | 14 | 82 | 2.66 | 1.30| 3.84| 5 | .6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 May--------| 71.5 | 47.1 | 59.3 | 93 | 26 | 310 | 3.59 | 2.45| 4.64| 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 June-------| 80.8 | 57.2 | 69.0 | 98 | 40 | 570 | 3.89 | 2.22| 5.38| 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 July-------| 84.8 | 61.6 | 73.2 | 99 | 46 | 718 | 4.16 | 1.49| 6.39| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 August-----| 81.8 | 58.4 | 70.1 | 97 | 42 | 623 | 3.86 | 1.94| 5.54| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 September--| 72.9 | 49.0 | 61.0 | 94 | 28 | 342 | 3.30 | 1.37| 4.94| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 October----| 61.7 | 37.0 | 49.4 | 86 | 17 | 110 | 1.96 | .69| 3.01| 4 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 November---| 42.6 | 23.5 | 33.1 | 69 | -4 | 6 | 1.18 | .31| 1.88| 2 | 1.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 December---| 27.6 | 9.3 | 18.5 | 57 | -20 | 0 | .72 | .28| 1.09| 2 | 6.5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 56.5 | 34.6 | 45.5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme---| 104 | -33 | --- | 100 | -27 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2,773 | 28.50 | 18.96| 32.06| 51 | 27.1

 | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the

maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which

growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (50 degrees F).
Clay County, Iowa 147

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Spencer, Iowa)

_____________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | or lower | or lower | or lower _____________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 26 | May 11 | May 16

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 21 | May 5 | May 11

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 12 | Apr. 25 | May 2

 | | |

First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 28 | Sept. 23 | Sept. 16

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 4 | Sept. 28 | Sept. 21

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 16 | Oct. 8 | Sept. 29

 | | | _____________________________________________________________

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Spencer, Iowa)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 o __________________________________________________ F

 | Days | Days | Days

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 164 | 147 | 132

 | | |

8 years in 10 | 171 | 153 | 138

 | | |

5 years in 10 | 185 | 166 | 150

 | | |

2 years in 10 | 199 | 178 | 162

 | | |

1 year in 10 | 207 | 185 | 168

 | | | __________________________________________________
148 Soil Survey of

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

6 |Okoboji silty clay loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes-------------| 3,898 | 1.1

27B |Terril loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 1,748 | 0.5

27C |Terril loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 1,013 | 0.3

27D |Terril loam, 9 to 14 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 277 | *

31 |Afton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------| 5,587 | 1.5

34B |Estherville sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------| 178 | *

41C |Sparta loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes---------------------------------| 790 | 0.2

48 |Knoke mucky silty clay loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------| 264 | *

54 |Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded--------| 1,163 | 0.3

55 |Nicollet loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 13,696 | 3.7

62F |Storden loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes------------------------------------| 456 | 0.1

77B |Sac silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------| 14,108 | 3.9

77C |Sac silty clay loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes-------------------------------| 480 | 0.1

77C2 |Sac silty clay loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded------------| 1,003 | 0.3

90 |Okoboji mucky silty clay loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes-------| 955 | 0.3

95 |Harps loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 1,825 | 0.5

107 |Webster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 13,450 | 3.7

108 |Wadena loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes---| 15,011 | 4.1

108B |Wadena loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand and gravel, 2 to 5 percent slopes---| 4,700 | 1.3

133 |Colo silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded--------| 7,052 | 1.9

135 |Coland clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------------| 3,182 | 0.9

138B |Clarion loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 23,210 | 6.3

138C2 |Clarion loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded-------------------| 8,186 | 2.2

175 |Dickinson fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------| 1,945 | 0.5

175B |Dickinson fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------| 498 | 0.1

191 |Rushmore silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------| 3,603 | 1.0

201B |Coland-Terril complex, 1 to 5 percent slopes-----------------------------| 2,926 | 0.8

202 |Cylinder loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes | 4,809 | 1.3

203 |Cylinder loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes | 5,705 | 1.6

221 |Klossner muck, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes-----------------------| 757 | 0.2

259 |Biscay clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent | |

 | slopes------------------------------------------------------------------| 8,021 | 2.2

274 |Rolfe silt loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------| 117 | *

282 |Ransom silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes----------------------------| 12,241 | 3.3

308 |Wadena loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes---| 2,006 | 0.5

308B |Wadena loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 2 to 5 percent slopes---| 770 | 0.2

354 |Aquolls (marsh), ponded, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------------| 2,337 | 0.6

375 |Fostoria clay loam, lacustrine substratum, 1 to 3 percent slopes---------| 1,834 | 0.5

376F |Cornell silty clay loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes-------------------------| 665 | 0.2

379 |Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------| 284 | *

379B |Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine substratum, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------| 994 | 0.3

379C2 |Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine substratum, 5 to 9 percent slopes, | | *

 | moderately eroded-------------------------------------------------------| 121 | *

384 |Collinwood clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 284 | *

390 |Waldorf silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 1,692 | 0.5

397 |Letri clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 8,951 | 2.4

433E |Moneta clay loam, 14 to 18 percent slopes--------------------------------| 1,279 | 0.3

433F |Moneta clay loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes--------------------------------| 2,433 | 0.7

433G |Moneta clay loam, 25 to 40 percent slopes--------------------------------| 2,997 | 0.8

455 |Wilmonton clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes-------------------------------| 10,101 | 2.8

456 |Wilmonton silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes-------------------------| 4,118 | 1.1

485 |Spillville loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded-------------| 1,035 | 0.3

506 |Wacousta silty clay loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------| 345 | *

507 |Canisteo clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 11,875 | 3.2

541C |Estherville-Hawick complex, 5 to 9 percent slopes------------------------| 1,283 | 0.4

559 |Talcot clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent | |

 | slopes------------------------------------------------------------------| 5,859 | 1.6

577B |Everly clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------| 17,348 | 4.7

577C2 |Everly clay loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded---------------| 2,944 | 0.8

637D2 |Everly-Moneta complex, 9 to 14 percent slopes, moderately eroded---------| 1,508 | 0.4

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Clay County, Iowa 149

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

638C2 |Clarion-Storden complex, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded--------| 652 | 0.2

672 |May City sandy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------| 1,543 | 0.4

672B |May City sandy clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------| 580 | 0.2

672C2 |May City sandy clay loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded-------| 129 | *

709 |Fairhaven silt loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent | |

 | slopes------------------------------------------------------------------| 389 | 0.1

733 |Calco silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded-------| 1,308 | 0.4

735 |Havelock clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded----------| 102 | *

740D |Hawick gravelly loamy sand, 9 to 14 percent slopes-----------------------| 519 | 0.1

810 |Galva silty clay loam, terrace, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------| 572 | 0.2

810B |Galva silty clay loam, terrace, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------| 75 | *

828B |Zenor sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------| 15 | *

828C2 |Zenor sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded---------------| 6 | *

835D2 |Storden-Omsrud complex, 9 to 14 percent slopes, moderately eroded--------| 2,320 | 0.6

835E2 |Storden-Omsrud complex, 14 to 18 percent slopes, moderately eroded-------| 561 | 0.2

854D |Histosols, fens, 2 to 25 percent slopes----------------------------------| 16 | *

874 |Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------| 275 | *

874B |Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine substratum, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------| 337 | *

874C2 |Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine substratum, 5 to 9 percent slopes, | |

 | moderately eroded-------------------------------------------------------| 60 | *

875 |Roine fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------| 518 | 0.1

875B |Roine fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-----------------------------| 1,769 | 0.5

875C2 |Roine fine sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded----------| 185 | *

878 |Ocheyedan loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------| 386 | 0.1

878B |Ocheyedan loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------------------------------------| 593 | 0.2

879 |Fostoria loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 1,429 | 0.4

928 |Annieville silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------| 1,652 | 0.5

928B |Annieville silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------------------------| 401 | 0.1

992 |Gillett Grove silty clay loam, depressional, 0 to 1 percent slopes-------| 637 | 0.2

1053 |Belmann clay loam, gypsum phase, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------| 558 | 0.2

1091 |McCreath silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------| 49,134 | 13.4

1092 |Gillett Grove silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------| 36,541 | 10.0

1133 |Colo silty clay loam, channeled, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently | |

 | flooded-----------------------------------------------------------------| 3,574 | 1.0

1259 |Biscay clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, depressional, 0 to | |

 | 1 percent slopes--------------------------------------------------------| 794 | 0.2

1385 |Ocheda silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes----------------------------| 979 | 0.3

1508 |Belmann clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 2,221 | 0.6

1585 |Spillville-Coland complex, channeled, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently | |

 | flooded-----------------------------------------------------------------| 5,514 | 1.5

4000 |Urban land---------------------------------------------------------------| 172 | *

5010 |Pits, sand and gravel----------------------------------------------------| 631 | 0.2

5040 |Udorthents, loamy (cut and fill land)------------------------------------| 254 | *

5060 |Pits, clay---------------------------------------------------------------| 6 | *

AW |Animal waste-------------------------------------------------------------| 2 | *

SL |Sewage lagoon------------------------------------------------------------| 23 | *

W |Water--------------------------------------------------------------------| 3,051 | 0.8

 | |____________|________

 | Total---------------------------------------------------------------| 366,400 | 100.0

 | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.
150 Soil Survey of

Table 5.--Cropland Management Considerations

(See text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

__________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Cropland management

 and | considerations

 component name | __________________________________________________________________________

 |

6: |

 Okoboji----------------------| Ponding

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

27B: |

 Terril-----------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

27C: |

 Terril-----------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

27D: |

 Terril-----------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

31: |

 Afton------------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

34B: |

 Estherville------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

41C: |

 Sparta-----------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited content of organic matter

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

48: |

 Knoke------------------------| Lime content

 | Ponding

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

54: |

 Zook-------------------------| Flooding

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

55: |

 Nicollet---------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |
Clay County, Iowa 151

Table 5.--Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Cropland management

 and | considerations

 component name | __________________________________________________________________________

 |

62F: |

 Storden----------------------| Slope

 | Lime content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

77B: |

 Sac--------------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

77C: |

 Sac--------------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

77C2: |

 Sac, moderately eroded-------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 |

90: |

 Okoboji mucky silty clay |

 loam------------------------| Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

95: |

 Harps------------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

107: |

 Webster----------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

108: |

 Wadena-----------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 |

108B: |

 Wadena-----------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 |

133: |

 Colo-------------------------| Flooding

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

135: |

 Coland-----------------------| Flooding

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |
152 Soil Survey of

Table 5.--Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Cropland management

 and | considerations

 component name | __________________________________________________________________________

 |

138B: |

 Clarion----------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

138C2: |

 Clarion, moderately eroded---| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 |

175: |

 Dickinson--------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

175B: |

 Dickinson--------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

191: |

 Rushmore---------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

201B: |

 Coland-----------------------| Flooding

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

 Terril-----------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

202: |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 inches to |

 sand and gravel-------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

203: |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 inches to |

 sand and gravel-------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

221: |

 Klossner---------------------| High content of organic matter

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

259: |

 Biscay-----------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |
Clay County, Iowa 153

Table 5.--Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Cropland management

 and | considerations

 component name | __________________________________________________________________________

 |

274: |

 Rolfe------------------------| Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

282: |

 Ransom-----------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

308: |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 inches to |

 sand and gravel-------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 |

308B: |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 inches to |

 sand and gravel-------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

354: |

 Aquolls (marsh), ponded------| Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

375: |

 Fostoria, lacustrine |

 substratum------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

376F: |

 Cornell----------------------| Slope

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

379: |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine |

 substratum------------------| No major considerations

 |

379B: |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine |

 substratum------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

379C2: |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine |

 substratum, moderately |

 eroded----------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 |

384: |

 Collinwood-------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Seasonal high water table

 |
154 Soil Survey of

Table 5.--Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Cropland management

 and | considerations

 component name | __________________________________________________________________________

 |

390: |

 Waldorf----------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

397: |

 Letri------------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

433E: |

 Moneta-----------------------| Slope

 | Lime content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

433F: |

 Moneta-----------------------| Slope

 | Lime content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

433G: |

 Moneta-----------------------| Slope

 | Lime content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

455: |

 Wilmonton--------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

456: |

 Wilmonton--------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

485: |

 Spillville-------------------| Flooding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

506: |

 Wacousta---------------------| Ponding

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

507: |

 Canisteo---------------------| Lime content

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 | Wind erosion

 |
Clay County, Iowa 155

Table 5.--Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Cropland management

 and | considerations

 component name | __________________________________________________________________________

 |

541C: |

 Estherville------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited content of organic matter

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Hawick-----------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

559: |

 Talcot-----------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

577B: |

 Everly-----------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

577C2: |

 Everly, moderately eroded----| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 |

637D2: |

 Everly, moderately eroded----| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 |

 Moneta, moderately eroded----| Lime content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 |

638C2: |

 Clarion, moderately eroded---| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 |

 Storden, moderately eroded---| Lime content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

672: |

 May City---------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |
156 Soil Survey of

Table 5.--Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Cropland management

 and | considerations

 component name | __________________________________________________________________________

 |

672B: |

 May City---------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

672C2: |

 May City, moderately eroded--| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

709: |

 Fairhaven--------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 |

733: |

 Calco------------------------| Flooding

 | Lime content

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

735: |

 Havelock---------------------| Flooding

 | Lime content

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

740D: |

 Hawick-----------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

810: |

 Galva, terrace---------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 |

810B: |

 Galva, terrace---------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

828B: |

 Zenor------------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |
Clay County, Iowa 157

Table 5.--Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Cropland management

 and | considerations

 component name | __________________________________________________________________________

 |

828C2: |

 Zenor, moderately eroded-----| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited content of organic matter

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

835D2: |

 Storden, moderately eroded---| Lime content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Omsrud, moderately eroded----| Lime content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

835E2: |

 Storden, moderately eroded---| Slope

 | Lime content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Omsrud, moderately eroded----| Slope

 | Lime content

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

854D: |

 Histosols, fens--------------| Slope

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

874: |

 Dickinson, lacustrine |

 substratum------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 |

874B: |

 Dickinson, lacustrine |

 substratum------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |
158 Soil Survey of

Table 5.--Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Cropland management

 and | considerations

 component name | __________________________________________________________________________

 |

874C2: |

 Dickinson, lacustrine |

 substratum, moderately |

 eroded----------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited content of organic matter

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 |

875: |

 Roine------------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

875B: |

 Roine------------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

875C2: |

 Roine, moderately eroded-----| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Previously eroded

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

878: |

 Ocheyedan--------------------| No major considerations

 |

878B: |

 Ocheyedan--------------------| Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

879: |

 Fostoria---------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

928: |

 Annieville-------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 |

928B: |

 Annieville-------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 |

992: |

 Gillett Grove----------------| Ponding

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

1053: |

 Belmann, gypsum phase--------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

1091: |

 McCreath---------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |
Clay County, Iowa 159

Table 5.--Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Cropland management

 and | considerations

 component name | __________________________________________________________________________

 |

1092: |

 Gillett Grove----------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

1133: |

 Colo-------------------------| Flooding

 | Channels

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

1259: |

 Biscay, depressional---------| Excessive permeability

 | Ponding

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

1385: |

 Ocheda-----------------------| Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

1508: |

 Belmann----------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

1585: |

 Spillville-------------------| Flooding

 | Channels

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

 Coland-----------------------| Flooding

 | Channels

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Seasonal high water table

 |

5010: |

 Pits, sand and gravel--------| Not applicable

 |

5040: |

 Udorthents, loamy------------| Not applicable

 |

5060: |

 Pits, clay-------------------| Not applicable

 |

AW: |

 Animal waste-----------------| Not applicable

 |

SL: |

 Sewage lagoon----------------| Not applicable

 |

W: |

 Water------------------------| Not applicable

 | __________________________________________________________________________
160 Soil Survey of

Table 6.--Land Capability, Corn Suitability Rating, Subsoil Nutrients, and Yields per Acre of Crops

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for nonirrigated areas. Absence of

 a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil. See

 text for an explanation of terms used in this table)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land | Corn | Subsoil | Subsoil | Corn | Oats | Soybeans

 component name | capability |suitability | phosphorus | potassium | | |

 | | rating | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Bu | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | | |

6------------------------| 3w | 55 | Very low | Very low | 109 | 76 | 35

 Okoboji | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

27B----------------------| 2e | 75 | Very low | Very low | 133 | 93 | 43

 Terril | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

27C----------------------| 3e | 61 | Very low | Very low | 128 | 90 | 41

 Terril | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

27D----------------------| 3e | 52 | Very low | Very low | 119 | 83 | 38

 Terril | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

31-----------------------| 2w | 75 | Low | Low | 135 | 101 | 51

 Afton | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

34B----------------------| 3s | 19 | Low | Low | 50 | 35 | 16

 Estherville | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

41C----------------------| 6s | 5 | Very low | Very low | --- | 32 | ---

 Sparta | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

48-----------------------| 3w | 54 | Very low | Very low | 103 | 72 | 33

 Knoke | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

54-----------------------| 2w | 68 | Low | Low | 122 | 85 | 39

 Zook | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

55-----------------------| 1 | 82 | Very low | High | 142 | 99 | 45

 Nicollet | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

62F----------------------| 6e | 11 | Very low | Very low | --- | --- | ---

 Storden | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

77B----------------------| 2e | 71 | Low | Low | 125 | 94 | 47

 Sac | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

77C----------------------| 3e | 55 | Low | Low | 118 | 88 | 44

 Sac | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

77C2---------------------| 3e | 53 | Low | Low | 115 | 86 | 43

 Sac, moderately eroded | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

90-----------------------| 3w | 57 | Very low | Very low | 113 | 79 | 36

 Okoboji mucky silty clay| | | | | | |

 loam | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

95-----------------------| 2w | 57 | Very low | Very low | 113 | 79 | 36

 Harps | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

107----------------------| 2w | 77 | Very low | Very low | 131 | 92 | 42

 Webster | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

108----------------------| 2s | 52 | Very low | Very low | 94 | 66 | 30

 Wadena | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

108B---------------------| 2s | 47 | Very low | Very low | 2 | 63 | 29

 Wadena | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 161

Table 6.--Land Capability, Corn Suitability Rating, Subsoil Nutrients, and Yields per Acre of Crops--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land | Corn | Subsoil | Subsoil | Corn | Oats | Soybeans

 component name | capability |suitability | phosphorus | potassium | | |

 | | rating | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Bu | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | | |

133----------------------| 2w | 73 | Very low | Medium | 125 | 93 | 47

 Colo | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

135----------------------| 2w | 78 | Low | Very low | 124 | 87 | 40

 Coland | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

138B---------------------| 2e | 74 | Very low | Very low | 131 | 92 | 42

 Clarion | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

138C2--------------------| 3e | 59 | Very low | Very low | 122 | 85 | 39

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | | |

 eroded | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

175----------------------| 3s | 41 | Very low | Very low | 76 | 53 | 24

 Dickinson | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

175B---------------------| 3e | 36 | Very low | Very low | 73 | 51 | 23

 Dickinson | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

191----------------------| 2w | 76 | Low | Low | 137 | 96 | 51

 Rushmore | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

201B---------------------| | 51 | Very low | Very low | 122 | 85 | 39

 Coland------------------| 2w | | | | | |

 Terril------------------| 2e | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

202----------------------| 2s | 60 | Low | Low | 107 | 75 | 34

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | | |

 gravel | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

203----------------------| 2s | 71 | Very low | Very low | 124 | 87 | 40

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | | |

 gravel | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

221----------------------| 3w | 48 | Very low | Very low | 110 | 77 | 35

 Klossner | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

259----------------------| 2w | 70 | Very low | Very low | 119 | 83 | 38

 Biscay | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

274----------------------| 3w | 48 | Low | High | 95 | 67 | 30

 Rolfe | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

282----------------------| 1 | 81 | Low | Low | 139 | 97 | 52

 Ransom | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

308----------------------| 2s | 65 | Very low | Very low | 109 | 76 | 35

 Wadena, 32 to 40 inches | | | | | | |

 to sand and gravel | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

308B---------------------| 2e | 60 | Very low | Very low | 102 | 71 | 33

 Wadena, 32 to 40 inches | | | | | | |

 to sand and gravel | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

354----------------------| 5w | 5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Aquolls (marsh), ponded | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

375----------------------| 2e | 70 | Low | Low | 124 | 87 | 40

 Fostoria, lacustrine | | | | | | |

 substratum | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |
162 Soil Survey of

Table 6.--Land Capability, Corn Suitability Rating, Subsoil Nutrients, and Yields per Acre of Crops--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land | Corn | Subsoil | Subsoil | Corn | Oats | Soybeans

 component name | capability |suitability | phosphorus | potassium | | |

 | | rating | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Bu | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | | |

376F---------------------| 6e | 16 | Low | Low | --- | --- | ---

 Cornell | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

379----------------------| 2w | 67 | Low | Low | 118 | 83 | 38

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | |

 substratum | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

379B---------------------| 2e | 62 | Low | Low | 117 | 82 | 37

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | |

 substratum | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

379C2--------------------| 3e | 47 | Low | Low | 97 | 68 | 31

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | |

 substratum, moderately | | | | | | |

 eroded | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

384----------------------| 2e | 67 | Low | Low | 114 | 80 | 36

 Collinwood | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

390----------------------| 2w | 63 | Low | Low | 101 | 62 | 32

 Waldorf | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

397----------------------| 2w | 72 | Low | Low | 137 | 96 | 44

 Letri | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

433E---------------------| 4e | 25 | Low | Low | 71 | 50 | 23

 Moneta | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

433F---------------------| 6e | 5 | Low | Low | --- | --- | ---

 Moneta | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

433G---------------------| 7e | 5 | Low | Low | --- | --- | ---

 Moneta | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

455----------------------| 1 | 74 | Low | Low | 128 | 90 | 41

 Wilmonton | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

456----------------------| 1 | 75 | Low | Low | 130 | 91 | 42

 Wilmonton | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

485----------------------| 2w | 75 | Very low | Very low | 135 | 95 | 43

 Spillville | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

506----------------------| 3w | 69 | Low | Low | 113 | 79 | 36

 Wacousta | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

507----------------------| 2w | 73 | Very low | Very low | 127 | 89 | 41

 Canisteo | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

541C---------------------| | 5 | Low | Low | 50 | 35 | 16

 Estherville-------------| 3s | | | | | |

 Hawick------------------| 4s | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

559----------------------| 2w | 65 | Low | Low | 113 | 79 | 36

 Talcot | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

577B---------------------| 2e | 68 | Low | Low | 127 | 89 | 41

 Everly | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

577C2--------------------| 3e | 51 | Low | Low | 115 | 81 | 37

 Everly, moderately | | | | | | |

 eroded | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 163

Table 6.--Land Capability, Corn Suitability Rating, Subsoil Nutrients, and Yields per Acre of Crops--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land | Corn | Subsoil | Subsoil | Corn | Oats | Soybeans

 component name | capability |suitability | phosphorus | potassium | | |

 | | rating | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Bu | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | | |

637D2--------------------| 3e | 37 | Low | Low | 98 | 69 | 31

 Everly-Moneta | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

638C2--------------------| 3e | 55 | Very low | Very low | 123 | 86 | 39

 Clarion-Storden | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

672----------------------| 4s | 38 | Low | Low | 52 | 31 | 17

 May City | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

672B---------------------| 3s | 33 | Low | Low | 49 | 29 | 16

 May City | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

672C2--------------------| 3s | 18 | Low | Low | 44 | 26 | 13

 May City, moderately | | | | | | |

 eroded | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

709----------------------| 1 | 63 | Low | Low | 106 | 80 | 40

 Fairhaven | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

733----------------------| 2w | 68 | Low | Low | 116 | 87 | 44

 Calco | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

735----------------------| 2w | 68 | Low | Low | 116 | 81 | 37

 Havelock | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

740D---------------------| 4s | 5 | Low | Low | --- | --- | ---

 Hawick | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

810----------------------| 1 | 78 | Low | Low | 132 | 99 | 50

 Galva, terrace | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

810B---------------------| 2e | 73 | Low | Low | 129 | 97 | 48

 Galva, terrace | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

828B---------------------| 3e | 45 | Very low | Very low | 89 | 62 | 28

 Zenor | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

828C2--------------------| 3e | 30 | Very low | Very low | 81 | 57 | 26

 Zenor, moderately eroded| | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

835D2--------------------| 3e | 46 | Low | Low | 120 | 84 | 38

 Storden-Omsrud | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

835E2--------------------| 4e | 36 | Low | Low | 106 | 74 | 34

 Storden-Omsrud | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

854D---------------------| 5w | 5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Histosols, fens | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

874----------------------| 1 | 46 | Low | Low | 120 | 84 | 38

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | |

 substratum | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

874B---------------------| 2e | 41 | Low | Low | 116 | 81 | 37

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | |

 substratum | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

874C2--------------------| 3e | 21 | Low | Low | 110 | 77 | 35

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | |

 substratum, moderately | | | | | | |

 eroded | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |
164 Soil Survey of

Table 6.--Land Capability, Corn Suitability Rating, Subsoil Nutrients, and Yields per Acre of Crops--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land | Corn | Subsoil | Subsoil | Corn | Oats | Soybeans

 component name | capability |suitability | phosphorus | potassium | | |

 | | rating | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Bu | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | | |

875----------------------| 3s | 46 | Low | Low | 119 | 83 | 38

 Roine | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

875B---------------------| 3e | 41 | Low | Low | 116 | 81 | 37

 Roine | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

875C2--------------------| 3e | 21 | Low | Low | 108 | 75 | 35

 Roine, moderately eroded| | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

878----------------------| 1 | 69 | Low | Low | 122 | 85 | 37

 Ocheyedan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

878B---------------------| 2e | 63 | Low | Low | 119 | 83 | 38

 Ocheyedan | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

879----------------------| 1 | 72 | Low | Low | 128 | 90 | 41

 Fostoria | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

928----------------------| 1 | 78 | Low | Low | 137 | 96 | 51

 Annieville | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

928B---------------------| 2e | 73 | Low | Low | 134 | 94 | 50

 Annieville | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

992----------------------| 3w | 58 | Low | Low | 115 | 81 | 37

 Gillett Grove | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1053---------------------| 2e | 69 | Low | Low | 120 | 85 | 40

 Belmann, gypsum phase | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1091---------------------| 1 | 83 | Low | Low | 145 | 102 | 54

 McCreath | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1092---------------------| 2w | 78 | Low | Low | 140 | 98 | 53

 Gillett Grove | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1133---------------------| 5w | 25 | Low | Low | --- | --- | ---

 Colo | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1259---------------------| 3w | 49 | Low | Low | 103 | 72 | 33

 Biscay, depressional | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1385---------------------| 2w | 73 | | | 120 | 90 | 45

 Ocheda | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1508---------------------| 2e | 64 | Low | Low | 120 | 84 | 45

 Belmann | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1585---------------------| 5w | 25 | Very low | Very low | --- | --- | ---

 Spillville-Coland | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

4000. | | | | | | |

 Urban land | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

5010---------------------| 6s | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Pits, sand and gravel | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

5040. | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

5060. | | | | | | |

 Pits, clay | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 165

Table 6.--Land Capability, Corn Suitability Rating, Subsoil Nutrients, and Yields per Acre of Crops--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land | Corn | Subsoil | Subsoil | Corn | Oats | Soybeans

 component name | capability |suitability | phosphorus | potassium | | |

 | | rating | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Bu | Bu | Bu

 | | | | | | |

AW. | | | | | | |

 Animal waste | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

SL. | | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

W. | | | | | | |

 Water | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
166 Soil Survey of

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They

 are for nonirrigated areas. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil

 is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the

 soil)

_____________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land |Bromegrass- | Kentucky | Smooth

 component name | capability |alfalfa hay | bluegrass | bromegrass _____________________________________________________________________________

 | | Tons | AUM* | AUM*

 | | | |

6------------------------| 3w | 3.3 | 2.7 | 4.5

 Okoboji | | | |

 | | | |

27B----------------------| 2e | 5.6 | 3.3 | 5.5

 Terril | | | |

 | | | |

27C----------------------| 3e | 5.4 | 3.2 | 5.3

 Terril | | | |

 | | | |

27D----------------------| 3e | 5.0 | 2.9 | 4.9

 Terril | | | |

 | | | |

31-----------------------| 2w | 4.1 | 3.3 | 5.5

 Afton | | | |

 | | | |

34B----------------------| 3s | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.7

 Estherville | | | |

 | | | |

41C----------------------| 6s | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.1

 Sparta | | | |

 | | | |

48-----------------------| 3w | 3.1 | 2.5 | 4.2

 Knoke | | | |

 | | | |

54-----------------------| 2w | 3.7 | 3.0 | 5.0

 Zook | | | |

 | | | |

55-----------------------| 1 | 5.7 | 3.5 | 5.8

 Nicollet | | | |

 | | | |

62F----------------------| 6e | --- | 1.8 | 3.1

 Storden | | | |

 | | | |

77B----------------------| 2e | 5.3 | 3.1 | 4.9

 Sac | | | |

 | | | |

77C----------------------| 3e | 4.9 | 2.9 | 4.9

 Sac | | | |

 | | | |

77C2---------------------| 3e | 4.8 | 2.8 | 4.7

 Sac, moderately eroded | | | |

 | | | |

90-----------------------| 3w | 3.4 | 2.8 | 4.6

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | |

 clay loam | | | |

 | | | |

95-----------------------| 2w | 3.4 | 2.8 | 4.6

 Harps | | | |

 | | | |

107----------------------| 2w | 3.9 | 3.2 | 5.4

 Webster | | | |

 | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Clay County, Iowa 167

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Pasture--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land |Bromegrass- | Kentucky | Smooth

 component name | capability |alfalfa hay | bluegrass | bromegrass _____________________________________________________________________________

 | | Tons | AUM* | AUM*

 | | | |

108----------------------| 2s | 3.9 | 2.3 | 3.9

 Wadena | | | |

 | | | |

108B---------------------| 2s | 3.7 | 2.1 | 3.6

 Wadena | | | |

 | | | |

133----------------------| 2w | 3.8 | 3.1 | 5.1

 Colo | | | |

 | | | |

135----------------------| 2w | 3.7 | 3.1 | 5.1

 Coland | | | |

 | | | |

138B---------------------| 2e | 5.5 | 3.2 | 5.4

 Clarion | | | |

 | | | |

138C2--------------------| 3e | 5.1 | 3.0 | 5.0

 Clarion, moderately | | | |

 eroded | | | |

 | | | |

175----------------------| 3s | 3.2 | 1.9 | 3.1

 Dickinson | | | |

 | | | |

175B---------------------| 3e | 3.1 | 1.8 | 3.0

 Dickinson | | | |

 | | | |

191----------------------| 2w | 4.1 | 3.4 | 5.6

 Rushmore | | | |

 | | | |

201B---------------------| | 3.0 | 3.0 | 5.0

 Coland------------------| 2w | | |

 Terril------------------| 2e | | |

 | | | |

202----------------------| 2s | 4.4 | 2.7 | 4.5

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | |

 gravel | | | |

 | | | |

203----------------------| 2s | 4.9 | 3.0 | 5.0

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | |

 gravel | | | |

 | | | |

221----------------------| 3w | 3.3 | 2.7 | 4.5

 Klossner | | | |

 | | | |

259----------------------| 2w | 3.6 | 2.9 | 4.9

 Biscay | | | |

 | | | |

274----------------------| 3w | 2.8 | 2.4 | 4.0

 Rolfe | | | |

 | | | |

282----------------------| 1 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 5.6

 Ransom | | | |

 | | | |

308----------------------| 2s | 4.6 | 2.7 | 4.5

 Wadena, 32 to 40 inches | | | |

 to sand and gravel | | | |

 | | | |

308B---------------------| 2e | 4.3 | 2.6 | 4.2

 Wadena, 32 to 40 inches | | | |

 to sand and gravel | | | |

 | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
168 Soil Survey of

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Pasture--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land |Bromegrass- | Kentucky | Smooth

 component name | capability |alfalfa hay | bluegrass | bromegrass _____________________________________________________________________________

 | | Tons | AUM* | AUM*

 | | | |

354----------------------| 5w | --- | --- | ---

 Aquolls (marsh), ponded | | | |

 | | | |

375----------------------| 2e | 4.9 | 2.6 | 4.8

 Fostoria, lacustrine | | | |

 substratum | | | |

 | | | |

376F---------------------| 6e | --- | 2.0 | 3.4

 Cornell | | | |

 | | | |

379----------------------| 2w | 4.9 | 2.6 | 4.8

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | |

 substratum | | | |

 | | | |

379B---------------------| 2e | 4.7 | 2.5 | 4.6

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | |

 substratum | | | |

 | | | |

379C2--------------------| 3e | 4.5 | 2.3 | 4.4

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | |

 substratum, moderately | | | |

 eroded | | | |

 | | | |

384----------------------| 2e | 4.5 | 2.7 | 4.7

 Collinwood | | | |

 | | | |

390----------------------| 2w | 3.0 | 2.5 | 4.1

 Waldorf | | | |

 | | | |

397----------------------| 2w | 4.1 | 3.3 | 5.6

 Letri | | | |

 | | | |

433E---------------------| 4e | 3.0 | 2.2 | 3.6

 Moneta | | | |

 | | | |

433F---------------------| 6e | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.0

 Moneta | | | |

 | | | |

433G---------------------| 7e | --- | 1.5 | ---

 Moneta | | | |

 | | | |

455----------------------| 1 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 5.3

 Wilmonton | | | |

 | | | |

456----------------------| 1 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 5.3

 Wilmonton | | | |

 | | | |

485----------------------| 2w | 5.4 | 3.4 | 5.5

 Spillville | | | |

 | | | |

506----------------------| 3w | 3.5 | 2.9 | 4.8

 Wacousta | | | |

 | | | |

507----------------------| 2w | 3.8 | 3.1 | 5.2

 Canisteo | | | |

 | | | |

541C---------------------| | 2.2 | 1.4 | 2.3

 Estherville-------------| 3s | | |

 Hawick------------------| 4s | | |

 | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Clay County, Iowa 169

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Pasture--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land |Bromegrass- | Kentucky | Smooth

 component name | capability |alfalfa hay | bluegrass | bromegrass _____________________________________________________________________________

 | | Tons | AUM* | AUM*

 | | | |

559----------------------| 2w | 3.4 | 2.8 | 4.6

 Talcot | | | |

 | | | |

577B---------------------| 2e | 5.3 | 2.7 | 3.2

 Everly | | | |

 | | | |

577C2--------------------| 3e | 4.7 | 2.7 | 4.6

 Everly, moderately | | | |

 eroded | | | |

 | | | |

637D2--------------------| 3e | 4.3 | 2.5 | 4.2

 Everly-Moneta | | | |

 | | | |

638C2--------------------| 3e | 4.9 | 3.0 | 4.7

 Clarion-Storden | | | |

 | | | |

672----------------------| 4s | 2.2 | 1.3 | 2.2

 May City | | | |

 | | | |

672B---------------------| 3s | 2.1 | 1.2 | 2.0

 May City | | | |

 | | | |

672C2--------------------| 3s | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.8

 May City, moderately | | | |

 eroded | | | |

 | | | |

709----------------------| 1 | 4.6 | 2.7 | 4.5

 Fairhaven | | | |

 | | | |

733----------------------| 2w | 3.4 | 2.8 | 4.7

 Calco | | | |

 | | | |

735----------------------| 2w | 3.4 | 2.8 | 4.7

 Havelock | | | |

 | | | |

740D---------------------| 4s | 1.7 | 1.2 | 2.0

 Hawick | | | |

 | | | |

810----------------------| 1 | 5.5 | 3.7 | 5.8

 Galva, terrace | | | |

 | | | |

810B---------------------| 2e | 5.4 | 3.7 | 5.7

 Galva, terrace | | | |

 | | | |

828B---------------------| 3e | 3.7 | 2.2 | 3.6

 Zenor | | | |

 | | | |

828C2--------------------| 3e | 3.4 | 2.0 | 3.3

 Zenor, moderately eroded| | | |

 | | | |

835D2--------------------| 3e | 5.0 | 3.0 | 4.9

 Storden-Omsrud | | | |

 | | | |

835E2--------------------| 4e | 4.2 | 2.5 | 4.1

 Storden-Omsrud | | | |

 | | | |

854D---------------------| 5w | --- | --- | ---

 Histosols, fens | | | |

 | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
170 Soil Survey of

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Pasture--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land |Bromegrass- | Kentucky | Smooth

 component name | capability |alfalfa hay | bluegrass | bromegrass _____________________________________________________________________________

 | | Tons | AUM* | AUM*

 | | | |

874----------------------| 1 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 4.5

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | |

 substratum | | | |

 | | | |

874B---------------------| 2e | 4.9 | 3.7 | 4.4

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | |

 substratum | | | |

 | | | |

874C2--------------------| 3e | 4.2 | 3.3 | 4.2

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | |

 substratum, moderately | | | |

 eroded | | | |

 | | | |

875----------------------| 3s | 5.0 | 2.9 | 4.9

 Roine | | | |

 | | | |

875B---------------------| 3e | 4.9 | 2.9 | 4.8

 Roine | | | |

 | | | |

875C2--------------------| 3e | 4.5 | 2.7 | 4.4

 Roine, moderately eroded| | | |

 | | | |

878----------------------| 1 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 5.0

 Ocheyedan | | | |

 | | | |

878B---------------------| 2e | 5.0 | 2.6 | 4.9

 Ocheyedan | | | |

 | | | |

879----------------------| 1 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 5.3

 Fostoria | | | |

 | | | |

928----------------------| 1 | 5.7 | 3.2 | 5.6

 Annieville | | | |

 | | | |

928B---------------------| 2e | 5.6 | 3.1 | 6.5

 Annieville | | | |

 | | | |

992----------------------| 3w | 3.5 | 2.8 | 4.7

 Gillett Grove | | | |

 | | | |

1053---------------------| 2e | 4.7 | 3.7 | 6.2

 Belmann, gypsum phase | | | |

 | | | |

1091---------------------| 1 | 5.8 | 3.6 | 5.9

 McCreath | | | |

 | | | |

1092---------------------| 2w | 4.2 | 3.4 | 5.7

 Gillett Grove | | | |

 | | | |

1133---------------------| 5w | --- | 2.0 | ---

 Colo | | | |

 | | | |

1259---------------------| 3w | 3.1 | 2.6 | 4.3

 Biscay, depressional | | | |

 | | | |

1385---------------------| 2w | 4.6 | 2.7 | 4.5

 Ocheda | | | |

 | | | |

1508---------------------| 2e | 3.6 | 2.8 | 4.7

 Belmann | | | |

 | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Clay County, Iowa 171

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Pasture--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Land |Bromegrass- | Kentucky | Smooth

 component name | capability |alfalfa hay | bluegrass | bromegrass _____________________________________________________________________________

 | | Tons | AUM* | AUM*

 | | | |

1585---------------------| 5w | --- | 2.9 | ---

 Spillville-Coland | | | |

 | | | |

5010---------------------| 6s | --- | --- | ---

 Pits, sand and gravel | | | |

 | | | |

5040. | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy | | | |

 | | | |

5060. | | | |

 Pits, clay | | | |

 | | | |

AW. | | | |

 Animal waste | | | |

 | | | |

SL. | | | |

 Sewage lagoon | | | |

 | | | |

W. | | | |

 Water | | | |

 | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 * Animal unit month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one

animal unit (one cow, one horse, one mule, five goats, or five sheep) for 30

days.
172 Soil Survey of

Table 8.--Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are

 not considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions, the

 conditions are specified in parentheses after the soil name)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

27B |Terril loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

31 |Afton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

54 |Zook silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained and either

 | protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

55 |Nicollet loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

77B |Sac silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

95 |Harps loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

107 |Webster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

108 |Wadena loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

108B |Wadena loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand and gravel, 2 to 5 percent slopes

133 |Colo silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained and either

 | protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

135 |Coland clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained and either

 | protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

138B |Clarion loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

175 |Dickinson fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

175B |Dickinson fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

191 |Rushmore silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

201B |Coland-Terril complex, 1 to 5 percent slopes (where drained)

202 |Cylinder loam, 24 to 32 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

203 |Cylinder loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

259 |Biscay clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

282 |Ransom silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

308 |Wadena loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

308B |Wadena loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 2 to 5 percent slopes

375 |Fostoria clay loam, lacustrine substratum, 1 to 3 percent slopes

379 |Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes

379B |Ocheyedan clay loam, lacustrine substratum, 2 to 5 percent slopes

384 |Collinwood clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes

390 |Waldorf silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

397 |Letri clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

455 |Wilmonton clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

456 |Wilmonton silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

485 |Spillville loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where protected from flooding

 | or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

507 |Canisteo clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

559 |Talcot clay loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

577B |Everly clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

709 |Fairhaven silt loam, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel, 0 to 2 percent slopes

733 |Calco silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained and either

 | protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

735 |Havelock clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained and either

 | protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

810 |Galva silty clay loam, terrace, 0 to 2 percent slopes

810B |Galva silty clay loam, terrace, 2 to 5 percent slopes

874 |Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes

874B |Dickinson sandy loam, lacustrine substratum, 2 to 5 percent slopes

875 |Roine fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

875B |Roine fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

878 |Ocheyedan loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

878B |Ocheyedan loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

879 |Fostoria loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

928 |Annieville silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

928B |Annieville silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

1053 |Belmann clay loam, gypsum phase, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

1091 |McCreath silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

1092 |Gillett Grove silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

1385 |Ocheda silty clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

1508 |Belmann clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

 | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings (Only the soils that are suitable for windbreaks and environmental plantings are listed. Absence of an entry 

 generally do not grow to the given height) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |___________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 6: | | | |  Okoboji-----------------|Redosier dogwood----| --- |Black ash, tall |Black willow, golden | | | purple willow | willow, white  | | | | willow  | | | | 27B: | | | |  Terril------------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern arborvitae, |Russian-olive, green | | common lilac, gray | eastern redcedar, | ash, honeylocust,  | | dogwood, redosier | Amur maple, blue | eastern white pine  | | dogwood | spruce |  | | | | 27C: | | | |  Terril------------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern arborvitae, |Russian-olive,  | | common lilac, gray | eastern redcedar, | honeylocust,  | | dogwood, redosier | Amur maple, blue | eastern white pine, | | dogwood | spruce | green ash  | | | | 27D: | | | |  Terril------------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern arborvitae, |Russian-olive,  | | common lilac, gray | eastern redcedar, | honeylocust,  | | dogwood, redosier | Amur maple, blue | eastern white pine, | | dogwood | spruce | green ash  | | | | 31: | | | |  Afton-------------------|Siberian peashrub, | --- |Eastern redcedar, |Golden willow, green | common lilac | | Russian-olive, blue| ash, honeylocust  | | | spruce, common |  | | | hackberry, |  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 34B: | | | |  Estherville-------------|Siberian peashrub, |Eastern redcedar----|Russian-olive, jack |Eastern white pine  | common lilac | | pine, red pine, |  | | | Austrian pine, |  | | | Siberian elm, green|  | | | ash, honeylocust |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |__________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 41C: | | | |  Sparta------------------|Siberian peashrub, | --- |Russian-olive, |Eastern white pine  | common lilac | | eastern redcedar, |  | | | jack pine, red |  | | | pine, Austrian |  | | | pine, Siberian elm,|  | | | green ash, |  | | | honeylocust |  | | | | 48: | | | |  Knoke-------------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern redcedar, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | bur oak, white | willow, honeylocus | | cotoneaster, | spruce, common |  | | eastern arborvitae | hackberry |  | | | | 54: | | | |  Zook--------------------|Silky dogwood-------|American |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce,  | | cranberrybush, Amur| blue spruce, white | eastern white pine  | | honeysuckle, Amur | fir, eastern |  | | privet | arborvitae, |  | | | Austrian pine |  | | | | 55: | | | |  Nicollet----------------| --- |Common lilac, |Eastern arborvitae, |Austrian pine,  | | redosier dogwood | white spruce, Amur | eastern white pine | | | maple, blue spruce | common hackberry,  | | | | green ash  | | | | 62F: | | | |  Storden-----------------|American plum, |Common hackberry, |Russian-olive, green|Siberian elm------- | Siberian peashrub | eastern redcedar | ash, honeylocust |  | | | | 77B: | | | |  Sac---------------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderos | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 77C: | | | |  Sac---------------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderos | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |___________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 77C2: | | | |  Sac, moderately eroded--|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 90: | | | |  Okoboji mucky silty | | | |  clay loam--------------|Redosier dogwood----| --- |Black ash, tall |Black willow, golden | | | purple willow | willow, white  | | | | willow  | | | | 95: | | | |  Harps-------------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern redcedar, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | bur oak, white | willow, honeylocust | | eastern arborvitae | spruce, common |  | | | hackberry |  | | | | 107: | | | |  Webster-----------------| --- |American plum, |Amur maple, eastern |Golden willow------- | | cotoneaster, | arborvitae, white |  | | redosier dogwood | spruce, common |  | | | hackberry, tall |  | | | purple willow |  | | | | 108: | | | |  Wadena------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Eastern redcedar----|Manchurian | ---  | common lilac | | crabapple, Russian-|  | | | olive, bur oak, |  | | | common hackberry, |  | | | green ash, eastern |  | | | white pine, jack |  | | | pine |  | | | | 108B: | | | |  Wadena------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Eastern redcedar----|Manchurian | ---  | common lilac | | crabapple, Russian-|  | | | olive, bur oak, |  | | | common hackberry, |  | | | green ash, eastern |  | | | white pine, jack |  | | | pine |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |__________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 133: | | | |  Colo--------------------| --- |American plum-------|Amur maple, redosier|Golden willow------ | | | dogwood, white fir,|  | | | white spruce, |  | | | common hackberry, |  | | | tall purple willow |  | | | | 135: | | | |  Coland------------------|Silky dogwood-------|American |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce,  | | cranberrybush, Amur| blue spruce, white | eastern white pine  | | honeysuckle, Amur | fir, eastern |  | | privet | arborvitae, |  | | | Austrian pine |  | | | | 138B: | | | |  Clarion-----------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern arborvitae, |Russian-olive,  | | common lilac, gray | eastern redcedar, | common hackberry,  | | dogwood, redosier | Amur maple, blue | green ash, eastern  | | dogwood | spruce | white pine  | | | | 138C2: | | | |  Clarion, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern arborvitae, |Russian-olive,  | | common lilac, gray | eastern redcedar, | common hackberry,  | | dogwood, redosier | Amur maple, blue | green ash, eastern  | | dogwood | spruce | white pine  | | | | 175: | | | |  Dickinson---------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Amur maple, common |Norway spruce,  | | Russian-olive, | hackberry, red | honeylocust  | | eastern redcedar | pine, eastern white|  | | | pine, green ash |  | | | | 175B: | | | |  Dickinson---------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Amur maple, common |Norway spruce,  | | Russian-olive, | hackberry, red | honeylocust  | | eastern redcedar | pine, eastern white|  | | | pine, green ash |  | | | | 191: | | | |  Rushmore----------------|Siberian peashrub, | --- |Eastern redcedar, |Golden willow, gree | common lilac | | blue spruce, common| ash, honeylocust,  | | | hackberry, | silver maple  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |___________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 201B: | | | |  Coland------------------|Silky dogwood-------|American |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce,  | | cranberrybush, Amur| blue spruce, white | eastern white pine  | | honeysuckle, Amur | fir, eastern |  | | privet | arborvitae, |  | | | Austrian pine |  | | | |  Terril------------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern arborvitae, |Russian-olive, green | | common lilac, gray | eastern redcedar, | ash, honeylocust,  | | dogwood, redosier | Amur maple, blue | eastern white pine  | | dogwood | spruce |  | | | | 202: | | | |  Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | |  inches to sand and | | | |  gravel-----------------| --- |Common lilac, |Eastern arborvitae, |Austrian pine,  | | redosier dogwood | white spruce, Amur | eastern white pine, | | | maple, blue spruce | common hackberry,  | | | | green ash  | | | | 203: | | | |  Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | |  inches to sand and | | | |  gravel-----------------| --- |Common lilac, |Eastern arborvitae, |Austrian pine,  | | redosier dogwood | white spruce, Amur | eastern white pine, | | | maple, blue spruce | common hackberry,  | | | | green ash  | | | | 221: | | | |  Klossner----------------|Common ninebark, |Amur honeysuckle, |Tall purple willow |Black willow, golden | silky dogwood, | Amur privet, | | willow  | whitebelle | nannyberry | |  | honeysuckle | | |  | | | | 259: | | | |  Biscay------------------| --- |American plum, |Amur maple, eastern |Golden willow------- | | cotoneaster, | arborvitae, white |  | | redosier dogwood | spruce, common |  | | | hackberry, tall |  | | | purple willow |  | | | | 274: | | | |  Rolfe-------------------| --- |American plum, |Amur maple, eastern |Golden willow------- | | redosier dogwood | arborvitae, white |  | | | spruce, common |  | | | hackberry, tall |  | | | purple willow |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |__________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 282: | | | |  Ransom------------------|Peking cotoneaster |American plum, |Manchurian |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | crabapple, eastern | green ash,  | | common lilac | redcedar, ponderosa| honeylocust, golde | | | pine | willow  | | | | 308: | | | |  Wadena, 32 to 40 inches | | | |  to sand and gravel-----|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |Bur oak, green ash, | ---  | common lilac | crabapple, Russian-| eastern white pine,|  | | olive, common | jack pine |  | | hackberry, eastern | |  | | redcedar | |  | | | | 308B: | | | |  Wadena, 32 to 40 inches | | | |  to sand and gravel-----|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |Bur oak, green ash, | ---  | common lilac | crabapple, Russian-| eastern white pine,|  | | olive, common | jack pine |  | | hackberry, eastern | |  | | redcedar | |  | | | | 375: | | | |  Fostoria, lacustrine | | | |  substratum-------------| --- |Common lilac, |Eastern arborvitae, |Austrian pine,  | | redosier dogwood | white spruce, Amur | eastern white pine | | | maple, blue spruce | common hackberry,  | | | | green ash  | | | | 376F: | | | |  Cornell-----------------|Amur honeysuckle, |Amur maple, autumn- |Russian-olive, bur |Austrian pine,  | common lilac | olive | oak, common | eastern white pine | | | hackberry, eastern | green ash,  | | | redcedar | honeylocust  | | | | 379: | | | |  Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | |  substratum-------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderos | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 379B: | | | |  Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | |  substratum-------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderos | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |___________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 379C2: | | | |  Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | |  substratum, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 384: | | | |  Collinwood--------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Bur oak, eastern |Eastern white pine,  | | common lilac, | redcedar, white | green ash  | | cotoneaster, | spruce, Austrian |  | | eastern arborvitae | pine, Russian- |  | | | olive, common |  | | | hackberry |  | | | | 390: | | | |  Waldorf-----------------| --- |Redosier dogwood----|American plum, Amur | ---  | | | maple, eastern |  | | | arborvitae, white |  | | | spruce, common |  | | | hackberry, tall |  | | | purple willow |  | | | | 397: | | | |  Letri-------------------|Siberian peashrub, | --- |Eastern redcedar, |Golden willow, green | common lilac | | blue spruce, common| ash, honeylocust,  | | | hackberry, | silver maple  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 433E: | | | |  Moneta------------------|American plum, | --- |Russian-olive, |Siberian elm-------- | Siberian peashrub | | common hackberry, |  | | | eastern redcedar, |  | | | green ash, |  | | | honeylocust |  | | | | 433F: | | | |  Moneta------------------|American plum, | --- |Russian-olive, |Siberian elm-------- | Siberian peashrub | | common hackberry, |  | | | eastern redcedar, |  | | | green ash, |  | | | honeylocust |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |___________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 433G: | | | |  Moneta------------------|American plum, | --- |Russian-olive, |Siberian elm-------- | Siberian peashrub | | common hackberry, |  | | | eastern redcedar, |  | | | green ash, |  | | | honeylocust |  | | | | 455: | | | |  Wilmonton---------------|Peking cotoneaster |American plum, |Manchurian |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | crabapple, eastern | green ash,  | | common lilac | redcedar, ponderosa| honeylocust, golden | | | pine | willow  | | | | 456: | | | |  Wilmonton---------------|Peking cotoneaster |American plum, |Manchurian |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | crabapple, eastern | green ash,  | | common lilac | redcedar, ponderosa| honeylocust, golden | | | pine | willow  | | | | 485: | | | |  Spillville--------------|Silky dogwood-------|American |Washington hawthorn,|Austrian pine,  | | cranberrybush, Amur| blue spruce, | Norway spruce  | | honeysuckle, Amur | eastern arborvitae,|  | | privet | white fir |  | | | | 506: | | | |  Wacousta----------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern redcedar, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | bur oak, white | willow, honeylocust | | eastern arborvitae | spruce, common |  | | | hackberry |  | | | | 507: | | | |  Canisteo----------------| --- |Cotoneaster, |White spruce, |Black willow-------- | | Washington | eastern arborvitae,|  | | hawthorn, | eastern redcedar, |  | | nannyberry | green ash, |  | | | osageorange |  | | | | 541C: | | | |  Estherville-------------|Siberian peashrub, |Eastern redcedar----|Russian-olive, jack |Eastern white pine  | common lilac | | pine, red pine, |  | | | Austrian pine, |  | | | Siberian elm, green|  | | | ash, honeylocust |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |___________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 541C: | | | |  Hawick------------------|Siberian peashrub, | --- |Austrian pine, |Siberian elm,  | honeysuckle, late | | Russian-olive, | eastern white pine, | lilac | | eastern redcedar, | red pine  | | | green ash, jack |  | | | pine, thornless |  | | | honeylocust |  | | | | 559: | | | |  Talcot------------------|Siberian peashrub, | --- |Eastern redcedar, |Golden willow, green | common lilac | | Russian-olive, blue| ash, honeylocust  | | | spruce, common |  | | | hackberry, |  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 577B: | | | |  Everly------------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub, | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | cotoneaster | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 577C2: | | | |  Everly, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub, | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | cotoneaster | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 637D2: | | | |  Everly, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub, | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | cotoneaster | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | |  Moneta, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub, | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | cotoneaster | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 638C2: | | | |  Clarion, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern arborvitae, |Russian-olive,  | | common lilac, gray | eastern redcedar, | common hackberry,  | | dogwood, redosier | Amur maple, blue | green ash, eastern  | | dogwood | spruce | white pine  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |__________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 638C2: | | | |  Storden, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------|American plum, |Common hackberry, |Russian-olive, green|Siberian elm------- | Siberian peashrub | eastern redcedar | ash, honeylocust |  | | | | 672: | | | |  May City----------------|Siberian peashrub, |American |Norway spruce-------|Eastern white pine,  | gray dogwood, | cranberrybush, Amur| | jack pine, red pin | manyflower | maple, common | |  | cotoneaster, silky | lilac, eastern | |  | dogwood | redcedar | |  | | | | 672B: | | | |  May City----------------|Siberian peashrub, |American |Norway spruce-------|Eastern white pine,  | gray dogwood, | cranberrybush, Amur| | jack pine, red pin | manyflower | maple, common | |  | cotoneaster, silky | lilac, eastern | |  | dogwood | redcedar | |  | | | | 672C2: | | | |  May City, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------|Siberian peashrub, |American |Norway spruce-------|Eastern white pine,  | gray dogwood, | cranberrybush, Amur| | jack pine, red pin | manyflower | maple, common | |  | cotoneaster, silky | lilac, eastern | |  | dogwood | redcedar | |  | | | | 733: | | | |  Calco-------------------|Amur honeysuckle, | --- |Eastern redcedar, |Golden willow, gree | Siberian peashrub, | | Russian-olive, | ash, honeylocust  | common lilac | | common hackberry, |  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 735: | | | |  Havelock----------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern redcedar, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | bur oak, white | willow, honeylocus | | eastern arborvitae | spruce, common |  | | | hackberry |  | | | | 740D: | | | |  Hawick------------------|Siberian peashrub, | --- |Austrian pine, |Siberian elm,  | honeysuckle, late | | Russian-olive, | eastern white pine | lilac | | eastern redcedar, | red pine  | | | green ash, jack |  | | | pine, thornless |  | | | honeylocust |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |___________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 810: | | | |  Galva, terrace----------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 810B: | | | |  Galva, terrace----------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 828B: | | | |  Zenor-------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |Russian-olive, bur | ---  | common lilac | crabapple, common | oak, green ash, |  | | hackberry, eastern | eastern white pine,|  | | redcedar | jack pine, |  | | | honeylocust |  | | | | 828C2: | | | |  Zenor, moderately eroded|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |Russian-olive, bur | ---  | common lilac | crabapple, common | oak, green ash, |  | | hackberry, eastern | eastern white pine,|  | | redcedar | jack pine, |  | | | honeylocust |  | | | | 835D2: | | | |  Storden, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------|American plum, |Common hackberry, |Russian-olive, green|Siberian elm-------- | Siberian peashrub | eastern redcedar | ash, honeylocust |  | | | |  Omsrud, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern arborvitae, |Russian-olive,  | | common lilac, gray | eastern redcedar, | common hackberry,  | | dogwood, redosier | Amur maple, blue | green ash, eastern  | | dogwood | spruce | white pine  | | | | 835E2: | | | |  Storden, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------|American plum, | --- |Russian-olive, |Siberian elm-------- | Siberian peashrub | | common hackberry, |  | | | eastern redcedar, |  | | | green ash, |  | | | honeylocust |  | | | |  Omsrud, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------|American plum, |Common hackberry, |Russian-olive, green|Siberian elm-------- | Siberian peashrub | eastern redcedar | ash, honeylocust |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |__________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 874: | | | |  Dickinson, lacustrine | | | |  substratum-------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Amur maple, common |Norway spruce,  | | Russian-olive, | hackberry, red | honeylocust  | | eastern redcedar | pine, eastern white|  | | | pine, green ash |  | | | | 874B: | | | |  Dickinson, lacustrine | | | |  substratum-------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Amur maple, common |Norway spruce,  | | Russian-olive, | hackberry, red | honeylocust  | | eastern redcedar | pine, eastern white|  | | | pine, green ash |  | | | | 874C2: | | | |  Dickinson, lacustrine | | | |  substratum, moderately | | | |  eroded-----------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Amur maple, common |Norway spruce,  | | Russian-olive, | hackberry, red | honeylocust  | | eastern redcedar | pine, eastern white|  | | | pine, green ash |  | | | | 875: | | | |  Roine-------------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Amur maple, common |Norway spruce,  | | Russian-olive, | hackberry, red | honeylocust  | | eastern redcedar | pine, eastern white|  | | | pine, green ash |  | | | | 875B: | | | |  Roine-------------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Amur maple, common |Norway spruce,  | | Russian-olive, | hackberry, red | honeylocust  | | eastern redcedar | pine, eastern white|  | | | pine, green ash |  | | | | 875C2: | | | |  Roine, moderately eroded|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Amur maple, common |Norway spruce,  | | Russian-olive, | hackberry, red | honeylocust  | | eastern redcedar | pine, eastern white|  | | | pine, green ash |  | | | | 878: | | | |  Ocheyedan---------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderos | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |___________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 878B: | | | |  Ocheyedan---------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 879: | | | |  Fostoria----------------| --- |Common lilac, |Eastern arborvitae, |Austrian pine,  | | redosier dogwood | white spruce, Amur | eastern white pine, | | | maple, blue spruce | common hackberry,  | | | | green ash  | | | | 928: | | | |  Annieville--------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 928B: | | | |  Annieville--------------|Common lilac--------|American plum, |Bur oak, eastern |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub | redcedar, Russian- | pine, honeylocust  | | | olive, blue spruce,|  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 992: | | | |  Gillett Grove-----------|Redosier dogwood----| --- |Black ash, tall |Black willow, golden | | | purple willow | willow, white  | | | | willow  | | | | 1053: | | | |  Belmann, gypsum phase---| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern redcedar, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | bur oak, white | willow, honeylocust | | cotoneaster, | spruce, common |  | | eastern arborvitae | hackberry |  | | | | 1091: | | | |  McCreath----------------|Peking cotoneaster |American plum, |Manchurian |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | crabapple, eastern | golden willow,  | | common lilac | redcedar, ponderosa| green ash,  | | | pine | honeylocust  | | | | 1092: | | | |  Gillett Grove-----------|Siberian peashrub, | --- |Eastern redcedar, |Golden willow, green | common lilac | | blue spruce, common| ash, honeylocust,  | | | hackberry, | silver maple  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol and |___________________________________________________________________________________ component name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1259: | | | |  Biscay, depressional----|Redosier dogwood----| --- |Black ash, tall |Black willow, golden | | | purple willow | willow, white  | | | | willow  | | | | 1385: | | | |  Ocheda------------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Bur oak, white |Eastern white pine,  | | common lilac, | spruce, Austrian | green ash  | | cotoneaster, | pine, Russian- |  | | eastern arborvitae,| olive, common |  | | eastern redcedar | hackberry |  | | | | 1508: | | | |  Belmann-----------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Eastern redcedar, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | bur oak, white | willow, honeylocust | | cotoneaster, | spruce, common |  | | eastern arborvitae | hackberry |  | | | | 1585: | | | |  Spillville--------------|Silky dogwood-------|American |Washington hawthorn,|Austrian pine,  | | cranberrybush, Amur| blue spruce, | Norway spruce  | | honeysuckle, Amur | eastern arborvitae,|  | | privet | white fir |  | | | |  Coland------------------|Silky dogwood-------|American |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce,  | | cranberrybush, Amur| blue spruce, white | eastern white pine  | | honeysuckle, Amur | fir, eastern |  | | privet | arborvitae, |  | | | Austrian pine |  | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Clay County, Iowa 187

Table 10.--Forestland Productivity

(Only the soils that are commonly used as forestland are listed. See text for an

 explanation of terms used in this table)

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________

 Map symbol and | | | |

 component name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

221: | | | |

 Klossner----------------|Black willow--------| --- | --- | ---

 |Quaking aspen-------| 56 | 57 |

 |Red maple-----------| 51 | 29 |

 |Silver maple--------| 76 | 29 |

 |White ash-----------| 51 | 29 |

 | | | |

376F: | | | |

 Cornell-----------------|Northern red oak----| 55 | 43 |Eastern white pine,

 |White oak-----------| 55 | 43 | northern red oak,

 | | | | red pine, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

672: | | | |

 May City----------------|Black oak-----------| --- | --- |Norway spruce,

 |Jack pine-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |Northern pin oak----| 52 | 29 | pine, jack pine,

 | | | | red pine

 | | | |

672B: | | | |

 May City----------------|Black oak-----------| --- | --- |Norway spruce,

 |Jack pine-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |Northern pin oak----| 52 | 29 | pine, jack pine,

 | | | | red pine

 | | | |

672C2: | | | |

 May City----------------|Black oak-----------| --- | --- |Norway spruce,

 |Jack pine-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |Northern pin oak----| 52 | 29 | pine, jack pine,

 | | | | red pine

 | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________
188 Soil Survey of

Table 11a.--Recreation

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. "Not rated" indicates that data are not

 available or that no rating is applicable. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 component name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

6: | | | | | |

 Okoboji-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.15 | Restricted |0.15 | Restricted |0.15

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

27B: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

27C: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

27D: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

31: | | | | | |

 Afton---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

34B: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

41C: | | | | | |

 Sparta--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |0.84 | Too sandy |0.84 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | Too sandy |0.84

 | | | | | |

48: | | | | | |

 Knoke---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.15 | Restricted |0.15 | Restricted |0.15

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

54: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Restricted |0.94 | Restricted |0.94

 | Restricted |0.94 | permeability | | permeability |

 | permeability | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

55: | | | | | |

 Nicollet------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 189

Table 11a.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 component name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

62F: | | | | | |

 Storden-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

77B: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

77C: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

77C2: | | | | | |

 Sac, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

90: | | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | | | |

 clay loam----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.15 | Restricted |0.15 | Restricted |0.15

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

95: | | | | | |

 Harps---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

107: | | | | | |

 Webster-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

108: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

108B: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

135: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

138B: | | | | | |

 Clarion-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

138C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |
190 Soil Survey of

Table 11a.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 component name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

175: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

175B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

191: | | | | | |

 Rushmore------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

202: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

203: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

221: | | | | | |

 Klossner------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

259: | | | | | |

 Biscay--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

274: | | | | | |

 Rolfe---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.94 | Restricted |0.94 | Restricted |0.94

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

282: | | | | | |

 Ransom--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 191

Table 11a.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 component name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

308: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

308B: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

354: | | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | | | |

 ponded-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

375: | | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine| | | | | |

 substratum---------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

376F: | | | | | |

 Cornell-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

379: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

379B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

379C2: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

384: | | | | | |

 Collinwood----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.60 | Restricted |0.60 | Restricted |0.60

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

390: | | | | | |

 Waldorf-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.43 | Restricted |0.43 | Restricted |0.43

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |
192 Soil Survey of

Table 11a.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 component name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

397: | | | | | |

 Letri---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

433E: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

433F: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

433G: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

455: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

456: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

485: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

506: | | | | | |

 Wacousta------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

507: | | | | | |

 Canisteo------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |0.60 | Too sandy |0.60 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | Too sandy |0.60

 | | | | | Gravel content |0.04

 | | | | | |

559: | | | | | |

 Talcot--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 193

Table 11a.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 component name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

577B: | | | | | |

 Everly--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

577C2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

638C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

672: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

672B: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

672C2: | | | | | |

 May City, moderately| | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

709: | | | | | |

 Fairhaven-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

733: | | | | | |

 Calco---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

735: | | | | | |

 Havelock------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

740D: | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | Too sandy |0.60 | Too sandy |0.60 | Too sandy |0.60

 | | | | | Gravel content |0.04

 | | | | | |

810: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |
194 Soil Survey of

Table 11a.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 component name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

810B: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

828B: | | | | | |

 Zenor---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | Gravel content |0.04

 | | | | | |

828C2: | | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | Gravel content |0.04

 | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

835E2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

854D: | | | | | |

 Histosols, fens-----|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

874: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

874B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

874C2: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

875: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

875B: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 195

Table 11a.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 component name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

875C2: | | | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | | | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

878: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

878B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

879: | | | | | |

 Fostoria------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

928: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

928B: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.50

 | | | | | |

992: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

1053: | | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum | | | | | |

 phase--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

1091: | | | | | |

 McCreath------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1092: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21 | Restricted |0.21

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

1133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00

 | | | | | |

1259: | | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
196 Soil Survey of

Table 11a.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds

 component name | | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1385: | | | | | |

 Ocheda--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |0.75 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.60 | Restricted |0.60 | Restricted |0.60

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

1508: | | | | | |

 Belmann-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.43 | Restricted |0.43 | Restricted |0.43

 | permeability | | permeability | | permeability |

 | | | | | |

1585: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |0.19 | Depth to |0.39

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00

 | | | | | |

5010: | | | | | |

 Pits, sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5040: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy---|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5060: | | | | | |

 Pits, clay----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

AW: | | | | | |

 Animal waste--------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

SL: | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon-------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

W: | | | | | |

 Water---------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Clay County, Iowa 197

Table 11b.--Recreation

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. "Not rated" indicates that data are not

 available or that no rating is applicable. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 component name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

6: | | | | | |

 Okoboji-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

27B: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

27C: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

27D: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |

31: | | | | | |

 Afton---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

34B: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Droughty |0.10

 | | | | | |

41C: | | | | | |

 Sparta--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Too sandy |0.84 | Too sandy |0.84 | Droughty |0.48

 | | | | | |

48: | | | | | |

 Knoke---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

54: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

55: | | | | | |

 Nicollet------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

62F: | | | | | |

 Storden-------------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.82 | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

77B: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

77C: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |
198 Soil Survey of

Table 11b.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 component name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

77C2: | | | | | |

 Sac, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

90: | | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | | | |

 clay loam----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

95: | | | | | |

 Harps---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

107: | | | | | |

 Webster-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

108: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

108B: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

135: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

138B: | | | | | |

 Clarion-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

138C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

175: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

175B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

191: | | | | | |

 Rushmore------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 199

Table 11b.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 component name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

202: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

203: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

221: | | | | | |

 Klossner------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

259: | | | | | |

 Biscay--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

274: | | | | | |

 Rolfe---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

282: | | | | | |

 Ransom--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

308: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

308B: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

354: | | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | | | |

 ponded-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

375: | | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine| | | | | |

 substratum---------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

376F: | | | | | |

 Cornell-------------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.82 | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |
200 Soil Survey of

Table 11b.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 component name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

379: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

379B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

379C2: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

384: | | | | | |

 Collinwood----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

390: | | | | | |

 Waldorf-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

397: | | | | | |

 Letri---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

433E: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.02 | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

433F: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.82 | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

433G: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |0.56 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

455: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

456: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

485: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 201

Table 11b.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 component name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

506: | | | | | |

 Wacousta------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

507: | | | | | |

 Canisteo------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Droughty |0.10

 | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |0.60 | Too sandy |0.60 | Droughty |0.91

 | | | | | |

559: | | | | | |

 Talcot--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

577B: | | | | | |

 Everly--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

577C2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |

638C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

672: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Droughty |0.22

 | | | | | |

672B: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Droughty |0.22

 | | | | | |

672C2: | | | | | |

 May City, moderately| | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Droughty |0.41

 | | | | | |

709: | | | | | |

 Fairhaven-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |
202 Soil Survey of

Table 11b.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 component name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

733: | | | | | |

 Calco---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

735: | | | | | |

 Havelock------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Flooding |0.60

 | | | | | |

740D: | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |0.60 | Too sandy |0.60 | Droughty |0.91

 | | | | | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |

810: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

810B: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

828B: | | | | | |

 Zenor---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Droughty |0.11

 | | | | | |

828C2: | | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Droughty |0.25

 | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |

835E2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.02 | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.02 | | | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

854D: | | | | | |

 Histosols, fens-----|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

874: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

874B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 203

Table 11b.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 component name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

874C2: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

875: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

875B: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

875C2: | | | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

878: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

878B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

879: | | | | | |

 Fostoria------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

928: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

928B: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

992: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1053: | | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum | | | | | |

 phase--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1091: | | | | | |

 McCreath------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1092: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
204 Soil Survey of

Table 11b.--Recreation--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Paths and trails | Off-road | Golf fairways

 component name | | motorcycle trails | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1259: | | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1385: | | | | | |

 Ocheda--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.44 | Depth to |0.75

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1508: | | | | | |

 Belmann-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1585: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |1.00

 | | | | | Depth to |0.19

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Flooding |0.40 | Flooding |0.40 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

5010: | | | | | |

 Pits, sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5040: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy---|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5060: | | | | | |

 Pits, clay----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

AW: | | | | | |

 Animal waste--------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

SL: | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon-------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

W: | | | | | |

 Water---------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Clay County, Iowa 205

Table 12.--Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is

 applicable)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 component name | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

6: | | | | | | | | | |

 Okoboji-----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | poor | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

27B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Terril------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

27C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Terril------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

27D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Terril------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

31: | | | | | | | | | |

 Afton-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

34B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Estherville-------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

41C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sparta------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

48: | | | | | | | | | |

 Knoke-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good

 | | | | | poor | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

54: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zook--------------------|Good |Fair |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

55: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nicollet----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

62F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Storden-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

77B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sac---------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

77C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sac---------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

77C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sac, moderately eroded--|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

90: | | | | | | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | | | | | | | |

 clay loam--------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | poor | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

95: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harps-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |
206 Soil Survey of

Table 12.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 component name | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

107: | | | | | | | | | |

 Webster-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

108: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

108B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

133: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colo--------------------|Good |Fair |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

135: | | | | | | | | | |

 Coland------------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

138B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clarion-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

138C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

175: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

175B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

191: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rushmore----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Coland------------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Terril------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

202: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | | | | | |

 gravel-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

203: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | | | | | |

 gravel-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

221: | | | | | | | | | |

 Klossner----------------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

259: | | | | | | | | | |

 Biscay------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

274: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rolfe-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

282: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ransom------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 207

Table 12.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 component name | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

308: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 inches | | | | | | | | | |

 to sand and gravel-----|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

308B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 inches | | | | | | | | | |

 to sand and gravel-----|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

354: | | | | | | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), ponded |Very |Very |Fair |Very |Very |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good

 | poor | poor | | poor | poor | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

375: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

376F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cornell-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

379: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

379B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

379C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

384: | | | | | | | | | |

 Collinwood--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

390: | | | | | | | | | |

 Waldorf-----------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

397: | | | | | | | | | |

 Letri-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

433E: | | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

433F: | | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta------------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

433G: | | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta------------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

455: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wilmonton---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

456: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wilmonton---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
208 Soil Survey of

Table 12.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 component name | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

485: | | | | | | | | | |

 Spillville--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

506: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wacousta----------------|Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

507: | | | | | | | | | |

 Canisteo----------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | | | | | |

 Estherville-------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Hawick------------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

559: | | | | | | | | | |

 Talcot------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

577B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Everly------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

577C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

638C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

672: | | | | | | | | | |

 May City----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

672B: | | | | | | | | | |

 May City----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

672C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 May City, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

709: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fairhaven---------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Good |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 209

Table 12.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 component name | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

733: | | | | | | | | | |

 Calco-------------------|Good |Fair |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | poor | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

735: | | | | | | | | | |

 Havelock----------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

740D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hawick------------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

810: | | | | | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

810B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

828B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zenor-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

828C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately eroded|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

835E2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

854D: | | | | | | | | | |

 Histosols, fens---------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | poor | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

874: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

874B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

874C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum, moderately | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
210 Soil Survey of

Table 12.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 component name | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

875: | | | | | | | | | |

 Roine-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

875B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Roine-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

875C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Roine, moderately eroded|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

878: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

878B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

879: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fostoria----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

928: | | | | | | | | | |

 Annieville--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

928B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Annieville--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

992: | | | | | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | poor | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1053: | | | | | | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum phase---|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

1091: | | | | | | | | | |

 McCreath----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

1092: | | | | | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-----------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

1133: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colo--------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

1259: | | | | | | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional----|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

1385: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheda------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

1508: | | | | | | | | | |

 Belmann-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

1585: | | | | | | | | | |

 Spillville--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Coland------------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

5010: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, sand and gravel---|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 211

Table 12.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 component name | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

5040. | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

5060. | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, clay | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

AW. | | | | | | | | | |

 Animal waste | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SL. | | | | | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

W. | | | | | | | | | |

 Water | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
212 Soil Survey of

Table 13a.--Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. "Not rated" indicates that data are not

 available or that no rating is applicable. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 component name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

6: | | | | | |

 Okoboji-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

27B: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

27C: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | Slope |0.88

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

27D: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

31: | | | | | |

 Afton---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

34B: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

41C: | | | | | |

 Sparta--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.88

 | | | | | |

48: | | | | | |

 Knoke---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

54: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

55: | | | | | |

 Nicollet------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 213

Table 13a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 component name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

62F: | | | | | |

 Storden-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

77B: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

77C: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | Slope |0.88

 | | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

77C2: | | | | | |

 Sac, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | Slope |0.88

 | | | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

90: | | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | | | |

 clay loam----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

95: | | | | | |

 Harps---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

107: | | | | | |

 Webster-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.32 | | | Shrink-swell |0.32

 | | | | | |

108: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

108B: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

135: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

138B: | | | | | |

 Clarion-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | Depth to |0.16 | Shrink-swell |0.01

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |
214 Soil Survey of

Table 13a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 component name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

138C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | Slope |0.88

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

175: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

175B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

191: | | | | | |

 Rushmore------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

202: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

203: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

221: | | | | | |

 Klossner------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Subsidence |1.00 | Subsidence |1.00 | Subsidence |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Content of |1.00 | | | Content of |1.00

 | organic matter | | | | organic matter |

 | | | | | |

259: | | | | | |

 Biscay--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

274: | | | | | |

 Rolfe---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 215

Table 13a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 component name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

282: | | | | | |

 Ransom--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

308: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

308B: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

354: | | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | | | |

 ponded-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

375: | | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine| | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

376F: | | | | | |

 Cornell-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

379: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

379B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

379C2: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | Slope |0.88

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

384: | | | | | |

 Collinwood----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
216 Soil Survey of

Table 13a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 component name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

390: | | | | | |

 Waldorf-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

397: | | | | | |

 Letri---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

433E: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

433F: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

433G: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

455: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

456: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

485: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

506: | | | | | |

 Wacousta------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

507: | | | | | |

 Canisteo------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | | | Shrink-swell |0.01

 | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.88

 | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.88

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 217

Table 13a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 component name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

559: | | | | | |

 Talcot--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

577B: | | | | | |

 Everly--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

577C2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Slope |0.88

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

638C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | Slope |0.88

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.88

 | | | | | |

672: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

672B: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

672C2: | | | | | |

 May City, moderately| | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.88

 | | | | | |

709: | | | | | |

 Fairhaven-----------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

733: | | | | | |

 Calco---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |
218 Soil Survey of

Table 13a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 component name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

735: | | | | | |

 Havelock------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

740D: | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

810: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

810B: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

828B: | | | | | |

 Zenor---------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

828C2: | | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.88

 | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

835E2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

854D: | | | | | |

 Histosols, fens-----|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

874: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

874B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 219

Table 13a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 component name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

874C2: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Slope |0.88

 | | | | | |

875: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

875B: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

875C2: | | | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | Slope |0.88

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

878: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

878B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

879: | | | | | |

 Fostoria------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.98 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

928: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

928B: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

992: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

1053: | | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum | | | | | |

 phase--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |
220 Soil Survey of

Table 13a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 component name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1091: | | | | | |

 McCreath------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1092: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

1133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

1259: | | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

1385: | | | | | |

 Ocheda--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | Depth to |0.98 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.98

 | saturated zone | | Shrink-swell |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1508: | | | | | |

 Belmann-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Shrink-swell |1.00

 | | | | | |

1585: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |0.39 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.39

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | Shrink-swell |0.50

 | | | | | |

5010: | | | | | |

 Pits, sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5040: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy---|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5060: | | | | | |

 Pits, clay----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

AW: | | | | | |

 Animal waste--------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 221

Table 13a.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Dwellings without | Dwellings with | Small commercial

 component name | basements | basements | buildings _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

SL: | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon-------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

W: | | | | | |

 Water---------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
222 Soil Survey of

Table 13b.--Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. "Not rated" indicates that data are not

 available or that no rating is applicable. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

6: | | | | | |

 Okoboji-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

27B: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

27C: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

27D: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63

 | Slope |0.63 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

31: | | | | | |

 Afton---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

34B: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | Droughty |0.10

 | | | | | |

41C: | | | | | |

 Sparta--------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | Droughty |0.48

 | | | | | |

48: | | | | | |

 Knoke---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 223

Table 13b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

54: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60

 | Frost action |1.00 | Too clayey |0.01 | |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

55: | | | | | |

 Nicollet------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Depth to |0.75 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

62F: | | | | | |

 Storden-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

77B: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | saturated zone | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

77C: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | saturated zone | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

77C2: | | | | | |

 Sac, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | saturated zone | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

90: | | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | | | |

 clay loam----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

95: | | | | | |

 Harps---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

107: | | | | | |

 Webster-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.32 | | | |

 | | | | | |
224 Soil Survey of

Table 13b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

108: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

108B: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

135: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

138B: | | | | | |

 Clarion-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

138C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

175: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | |

 | | | | | |

175B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | |

 | | | | | |

191: | | | | | |

 Rushmore------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 225

Table 13b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

202: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Depth to |0.75 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

203: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Depth to |0.75 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | |

 | | | | | |

221: | | | | | |

 Klossner------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Subsidence |1.00 | Content of |1.00 | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | organic matter | | |

 | | | | | |

259: | | | | | |

 Biscay--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Low strength |0.78 | | | |

 | | | | | |

274: | | | | | |

 Rolfe---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.01 | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

282: | | | | | |

 Ransom--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

308: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

308B: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

354: | | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | | | |

 ponded-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |
226 Soil Survey of

Table 13b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

375: | | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine| | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

376F: | | | | | |

 Cornell-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

379: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

379B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Too clayey |0.03 | |

 | | | | | |

379C2: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

384: | | | | | |

 Collinwood----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00

 | Frost action |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.75

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Too clayey |0.28 | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

390: | | | | | |

 Waldorf-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.28 | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

397: | | | | | |

 Letri---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 227

Table 13b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

433E: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

433F: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

433G: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

455: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

456: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

485: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

506: | | | | | |

 Wacousta------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

507: | | | | | |

 Canisteo------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | Droughty |0.10

 | | | | | |
228 Soil Survey of

Table 13b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | | | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | Droughty |0.91

 | | | | | |

559: | | | | | |

 Talcot--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

577B: | | | | | |

 Everly--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

577C2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63

 | Slope |0.63 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | saturated zone | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

638C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

672: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Droughty |0.22

 | | | | | |

672B: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Droughty |0.22

 | | | | | |

672C2: | | | | | |

 May City, moderately| | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Droughty |0.41

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 229

Table 13b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

709: | | | | | |

 Fairhaven-----------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

733: | | | | | |

 Calco---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

735: | | | | | |

 Havelock------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.60 | Flooding |0.60

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

740D: | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | Droughty |0.91

 | | | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |

810: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Very limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

810B: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Very limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

828B: | | | | | |

 Zenor---------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | Droughty |0.11

 | | | | | |

828C2: | | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | Droughty |0.25

 | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |
230 Soil Survey of

Table 13b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

835E2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Frost action |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

854D: | | | | | |

 Histosols, fens-----|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

874: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | |

 | | | | | |

874B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | |

 | | | | | |

874C2: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.90 | |

 | | | | | |

875: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

875B: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

875C2: | | | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

878: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

878B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Frost action |0.50 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 231

Table 13b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

879: | | | | | |

 Fostoria------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Frost action |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.75 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

928: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | saturated zone | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

928B: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Not limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |0.16 | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | saturated zone | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

992: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

1053: | | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum | | | | | |

 phase--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

1091: | | | | | |

 McCreath------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Frost action |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | Depth to |0.75 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1092: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

1133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |
232 Soil Survey of

Table 13b.--Building Site Development--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Local roads and | Shallow excavations | Lawns and landscaping

 component name | streets | | _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1259: | | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Low strength |0.78 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

1385: | | | | | |

 Ocheda--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |0.75

 | Frost action |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | Too clayey |0.28 | |

 | Depth to |0.75 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1508: | | | | | |

 Belmann-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Low strength |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.03 | |

 | Frost action |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

1585: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | Low strength |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |0.19

 | Frost action |0.50 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone |

 | Depth to |0.19 | | | |

 | saturated zone | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Flooding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Frost action |1.00 | Flooding |0.80 | saturated zone |

 | Flooding |1.00 | | | |

 | Low strength |1.00 | | | |

 | Shrink-swell |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

5010: | | | | | |

 Pits, sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5040: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy---|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5060: | | | | | |

 Pits, clay----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

AW: | | | | | |

 Animal waste--------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

SL: | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon-------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

W: | | | | | |

 Water---------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Clay County, Iowa 233

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but

 does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in

 the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the

 greater the limitation. "Not rated" indicates that data are not

 available or that no rating is applicable. See text for further

 explanation of ratings in this table)

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

6: | | | |

 Okoboji-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.91 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

27B: | | | |

 Terril--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.50

 | saturated zone | | Slope |0.32

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

27C: | | | |

 Terril--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Slope |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Seepage |0.53

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

27D: | | | |

 Terril--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | |

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

31: | | | |

 Afton---------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.92 | Seepage |0.28

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

34B: | | | |

 Estherville---------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |0.32

 | | | |

41C: | | | |

 Sparta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |1.00

 | | | |

48: | | | |

 Knoke---------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.91 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |
234 Soil Survey of

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

54: | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.99 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

55: | | | |

 Nicollet------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

62F: | | | |

 Storden-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

77B: | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | Slope |0.32

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

77C: | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Slope |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Seepage |0.53

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

77C2: | | | |

 Sac, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Slope |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Seepage |0.53

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

90: | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | |

 clay loam----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.91 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

95: | | | |

 Harps---------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 235

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

107: | | | |

 Webster-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

108: | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

108B: | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

133: | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

135: | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |1.00

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

138B: | | | |

 Clarion-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.50

 | saturated zone | | Slope |0.32

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

138C2: | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Slope |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Seepage |0.50

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

175: | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | | | |

175B: | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |0.32

 | | | |
236 Soil Survey of

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

191: | | | |

 Rushmore------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.92 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

201B: | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |1.00

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

 Terril--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.50

 | saturated zone | | Slope |0.32

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

202: | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

203: | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

221: | | | |

 Klossner------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Subsidence |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Restricted |0.37 | Content of |1.00

 | permeability | | organic matter |

 | | | |

259: | | | |

 Biscay--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 237

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

274: | | | |

 Rolfe---------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.99 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

282: | | | |

 Ransom--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.92 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

308: | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

308B: | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |0.32

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

354: | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | |

 ponded-------------|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |

375: | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine| | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.96 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

376F: | | | |

 Cornell-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.92 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | Depth to |0.43 | |

 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | |

379: | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | |

 lacustrine | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Restricted |0.94 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | Depth to |0.43 | |

 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | |
238 Soil Survey of

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

379B: | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | |

 lacustrine | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Restricted |0.94 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | Slope |0.32

 | Depth to |0.43 | |

 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | |

379C2: | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | |

 lacustrine | | | |

 substratum, | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Restricted |0.94 | Slope |1.00

 | permeability | | Seepage |0.53

 | Depth to |0.43 | |

 | saturated zone | | |

 | | | |

384: | | | |

 Collinwood----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.96 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

390: | | | |

 Waldorf-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.94 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

397: | | | |

 Letri---------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.92 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

433E: | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

433F: | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

433G: | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 239

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

455: | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.92 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

456: | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.92 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

485: | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |1.00

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

506: | | | |

 Wacousta------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

507: | | | |

 Canisteo------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

541C: | | | |

 Estherville---------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |1.00

 | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |1.00

 | | | |

559: | | | |

 Talcot--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

577B: | | | |

 Everly--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | Slope |0.32

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |
240 Soil Survey of

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

577C2: | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Slope |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Seepage |0.53

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

637D2: | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | |

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

638C2: | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Slope |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Seepage |0.50

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Restricted |0.25 | Slope |1.00

 | permeability | | Seepage |0.50

 | | | |

672: | | | |

 May City------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | | | |

672B: | | | |

 May City------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |0.32

 | | | |

672C2: | | | |

 May City, moderately| | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |1.00

 | | | |

709: | | | |

 Fairhaven-----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 241

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

733: | | | |

 Calco---------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

735: | | | |

 Havelock------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |1.00

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

740D: | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | capacity | | Seepage |1.00

 | Slope |0.63 | |

 | | | |

810: | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

810B: | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | Slope |0.32

 | | | |

828B: | | | |

 Zenor---------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |0.32

 | | | |

828C2: | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |1.00

 | | | |

835D2: | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

835E2: | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |
242 Soil Survey of

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

835E2: | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.50

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

854D: | | | |

 Histosols, fens-----|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |

874: | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | |

 lacustrine | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

874B: | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | |

 lacustrine | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |0.32

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

874C2: | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | |

 lacustrine | | | |

 substratum, | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

875: | | | |

 Roine---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |1.00

 | saturated zone | | |

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

875B: | | | |

 Roine---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Slope |0.32

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

875C2: | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Slope |1.00

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 243

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

878: | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | |

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

878B: | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | Slope |0.32

 | Restricted |0.24 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

879: | | | |

 Fostoria------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

928: | | | |

 Annieville----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | |

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

928B: | | | |

 Annieville----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |0.43 | Seepage |0.53

 | saturated zone | | Slope |0.32

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

992: | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.92 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

1053: | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum | | | |

 phase--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.94 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

1091: | | | |

 McCreath------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |
244 Soil Survey of

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1092: | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.92 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

1133: | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.24 | Seepage |0.53

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

1259: | | | |

 Biscay, depressional|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Ponding |1.00

 | Filtering |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | capacity | | |

 | Restricted |0.25 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

1385: | | | |

 Ocheda--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.96 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

1508: | | | |

 Belmann-------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Restricted |0.94 | |

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

1585: | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |1.00

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Flooding |1.00

 | Restricted |0.25 | Seepage |1.00

 | permeability | | |

 | | | |

5010: | | | |

 Pits, sand and | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |

5040: | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy---|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 245

Table 14a.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoons

 component name | absorption fields | ___________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | _________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

5060: | | | |

 Pits, clay----------|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |

AW: | | | |

 Animal waste--------|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |

SL: | | | |

 Sewage lagoon-------|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | |

W: | | | |

 Water---------------|Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | _________________________________________________________________________
246 Soil Survey of

Table 14b.--Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. "Not rated" indicates that data are not

 available or that no rating is applicable. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 component name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

6: | | | | | |

 Okoboji-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

27B: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

27C: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

27D: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |0.63

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | |

 | | | | | |

31: | | | | | |

 Afton---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

34B: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

41C: | | | | | |

 Sparta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

48: | | | | | |

 Knoke---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

54: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | Too clayey |1.00

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 247

Table 14b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 component name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

55: | | | | | |

 Nicollet------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

62F: | | | | | |

 Storden-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

77B: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

77C: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

77C2: | | | | | |

 Sac, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

90: | | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | | | |

 clay loam----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

95: | | | | | |

 Harps---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

107: | | | | | |

 Webster-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

108: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

108B: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.50

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |
248 Soil Survey of

Table 14b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 component name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

135: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.50

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

138B: | | | | | |

 Clarion-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

138C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

175: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

175B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

191: | | | | | |

 Rushmore------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.50

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

202: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | Seepage |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 249

Table 14b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 component name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

203: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Seepage |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Too sandy |0.50

 | | | | | |

221: | | | | | |

 Klossner------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | Seepage |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

259: | | | | | |

 Biscay--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Too sandy |0.50

 | | | | | |

274: | | | | | |

 Rolfe---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Hard to compact |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |1.00

 | | | | | |

282: | | | | | |

 Ransom--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

308: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

308B: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

354: | | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | | | |

 ponded-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

375: | | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine| | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
250 Soil Survey of

Table 14b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 component name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

376F: | | | | | |

 Cornell-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | Slope |1.00 | saturated zone | | |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

379: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

379B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

379C2: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

384: | | | | | |

 Collinwood----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00

 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

390: | | | | | |

 Waldorf-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

397: | | | | | |

 Letri---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

433E: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

433F: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

433G: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

455: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 251

Table 14b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 component name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

456: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

485: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

506: | | | | | |

 Wacousta------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

507: | | | | | |

 Canisteo------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

559: | | | | | |

 Talcot--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

577B: | | | | | |

 Everly--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

577C2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Slope |0.63

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | |

 | | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |
252 Soil Survey of

Table 14b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 component name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

638C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Not limited |

 | | | | | |

672: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | Gravel content |0.01

 | | | | | |

672B: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | Gravel content |0.01

 | | | | | |

672C2: | | | | | |

 May City, moderately| | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | Gravel content |0.01

 | | | | | |

709: | | | | | |

 Fairhaven-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Too sandy |0.50

 | | | | | |

733: | | | | | |

 Calco---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.50

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

735: | | | | | |

 Havelock------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Seepage |0.52

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

740D: | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | Slope |0.63 | Seepage |1.00

 | Slope |0.63 | | | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |

810: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

810B: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Not limited | |Not limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

828B: | | | | | |

 Zenor---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Too sandy |0.50

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 253

Table 14b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 component name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

828C2: | | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Too sandy |0.50

 | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63 | Slope |0.63

 | | | | | |

835E2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00 | Slope |1.00

 | | | | | |

854D: | | | | | |

 Histosols, fens-----|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

874: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | | | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

874B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | | | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

874C2: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Too sandy |1.00

 | | | | | Seepage |1.00

 | | | | | |

875: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Seepage |0.52

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Seepage |1.00 | |

 | | | | | |

875B: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Seepage |0.52

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Seepage |1.00 | |

 | | | | | |
254 Soil Survey of

Table 14b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 component name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

875C2: | | | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Seepage |0.52

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Seepage |1.00 | |

 | | | | | |

878: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

878B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Not limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

879: | | | | | |

 Fostoria------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

928: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

928B: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Too clayey |0.50

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

992: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | saturated zone | | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Ponding |1.00 | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

1053: | | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum | | | | | |

 phase--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

1091: | | | | | |

 McCreath------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

1092: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 255

Table 14b.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Trench sanitary | Area sanitary | Daily cover for

 component name | landfill | landfill | landfill _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.50

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

1259: | | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Too sandy |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Ponding |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Ponding |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Too sandy |0.50

 | | | | | |

1385: | | | | | |

 Ocheda--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | Too clayey |0.50

 | | | | | |

1508: | | | | | |

 Belmann-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | saturated zone |

 | Too clayey |1.00 | | | Too clayey |1.00

 | | | | | |

1585: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |0.86

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Flooding |1.00 | Flooding |1.00 | Depth to |1.00

 | Depth to |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | saturated zone |

 | saturated zone | | saturated zone | | Too clayey |0.50

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |1.00 | |

 | Too clayey |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | |

5010: | | | | | |

 Pits, sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5040: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy---|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5060: | | | | | |

 Pits, clay----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

AW: | | | | | |

 Animal waste--------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

SL: | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon-------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

W: | | | | | |

 Water---------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
256 Soil Survey of

Table 15.--Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.00 to 0.99. The

 smaller the value, the greater the potential limitation. "Not rated" indicates that data are

 not available or that no rating is applicable. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Potential as source | Potential as source | Potential as source

 component name | of gravel | of sand | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | | | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

6: | | | | | |

 Okoboji-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

27B: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

27C: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

27D: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.37

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

31: | | | | | |

 Afton---------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

34B: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Possible | |Fair | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.03 | Too sandy |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Bottom layer |0.69 | Rock fragments |0.00

 | | | | | Hard to reclaim |0.82

 | | | | | |

41C: | | | | | |

 Sparta--------------|Improbable | |Fair | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.10 | Too sandy |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.34 | |

 | | | | | |

48: | | | | | |

 Knoke---------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | Carbonate content|0.97

 | | | | | |

54: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

55: | | | | | |

 Nicollet------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.89

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 257

Table 15.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Potential as source | Potential as source | Potential as source

 component name | of gravel | of sand | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | | | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

62F: | | | | | |

 Storden-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Carbonate content|0.97

 | | | | | |

77B: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

77C: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

77C2: | | | | | |

 Sac, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

90: | | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | | | |

 clay loam----------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

95: | | | | | |

 Harps---------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Carbonate content|0.68

 | | | | | |

107: | | | | | |

 Webster-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

108: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Possible | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Hard to reclaim |0.82

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

108B: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Possible | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Hard to reclaim |0.82

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | |

135: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | |
258 Soil Survey of

Table 15.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Potential as source | Potential as source | Potential as source

 component name | of gravel | of sand | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | | | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

138B: | | | | | |

 Clarion-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

138C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

175: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Improbable | |Fair | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.36 | |

 | | | | | |

175B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Improbable | |Fair | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.36 | |

 | | | | | |

191: | | | | | |

 Rushmore------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Poor |

 | | | | | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

202: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Possible | |Fair | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Too sandy |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Bottom layer |0.36 | Rock fragments |0.02

 | | | | | Depth to |0.89

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Hard to reclaim |0.97

 | | | | | |

203: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Possible | |Fair | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Too sandy |0.01

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Bottom layer |0.10 | Rock fragments |0.04

 | | | | | Depth to |0.89

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Hard to reclaim |0.99

 | | | | | |

221: | | | | | |

 Klossner------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Content of |0.00

 | | | | | organic matter |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 259

Table 15.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Potential as source | Potential as source | Potential as source

 component name | of gravel | of sand | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | | | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

259: | | | | | |

 Biscay--------------|Possible | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Bottom layer |0.09 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Hard to reclaim |0.68

 | | | | | |

274: | | | | | |

 Rolfe---------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

282: | | | | | |

 Ransom--------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Poor |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | Depth to |0.89

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

308: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Possible | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Hard to reclaim |0.82

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Bottom layer |0.09 | |

 | | | | | |

308B: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Possible | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Hard to reclaim |0.82

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Bottom layer |0.09 | |

 | | | | | |

354: | | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | | | |

 ponded-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

375: | | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine| | | | | |

 substratum---------|Improbable | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.89

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

376F: | | | | | |

 Cornell-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | |

379: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

379B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |
260 Soil Survey of

Table 15.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Potential as source | Potential as source | Potential as source

 component name | of gravel | of sand | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | | | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

379C2: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

384: | | | | | |

 Collinwood----------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.89

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

390: | | | | | |

 Waldorf-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

397: | | | | | |

 Letri---------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Poor |

 | | | | | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

433E: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Carbonate content|0.80

 | | | | | |

433F: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Carbonate content|0.80

 | | | | | |

433G: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Carbonate content|0.80

 | | | | | |

455: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Fair |

 | | | | | Depth to |0.89

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Carbonate content|0.99

 | | | | | |

456: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Fair |

 | | | | | Depth to |0.89

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

485: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Improbable | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.89

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

506: | | | | | |

 Wacousta------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Carbonate content|0.97

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 261

Table 15.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Potential as source | Potential as source | Potential as source

 component name | of gravel | of sand | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | | | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

507: | | | | | |

 Canisteo------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Possible | |Fair | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.03 | Too sandy |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Bottom layer |0.45 | Rock fragments |0.00

 | | | | | Hard to reclaim |0.82

 | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Possible | |Fair | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.10 | Too sandy |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Bottom layer |0.50 | Rock fragments |0.03

 | | | | | Hard to reclaim |0.98

 | | | | | |

559: | | | | | |

 Talcot--------------|Possible | |Fair | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Bottom layer |0.75 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | Hard to reclaim |0.82

 | | | | | Carbonate content|0.97

 | | | | | |

577B: | | | | | |

 Everly--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

577C2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.37

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.37

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Carbonate content|0.80

 | | | | | |

638C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Carbonate content|0.97

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

672: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Possible | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Rock fragments |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.12 | Bottom layer |0.02 | Hard to reclaim |0.68

 | | | | | |
262 Soil Survey of

Table 15.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Potential as source | Potential as source | Potential as source

 component name | of gravel | of sand | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | | | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

672B: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Possible | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Rock fragments |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.12 | Bottom layer |0.02 | Hard to reclaim |0.68

 | | | | | |

672C2: | | | | | |

 May City, moderately| | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Possible | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Rock fragments |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.12 | Bottom layer |0.02 | Hard to reclaim |0.68

 | | | | | |

709: | | | | | |

 Fairhaven-----------|Possible | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Hard to reclaim |0.68

 | Bottom layer |0.01 | Bottom layer |0.08 | |

 | | | | | |

733: | | | | | |

 Calco---------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | Carbonate content|0.97

 | | | | | |

735: | | | | | |

 Havelock------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.03 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | Carbonate content|0.97

 | | | | | |

740D: | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Possible | |Fair | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.10 | Too sandy |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.04 | Bottom layer |0.50 | Rock fragments |0.03

 | | | | | Slope |0.37

 | | | | | Hard to reclaim |0.98

 | | | | | |

810: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

810B: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

828B: | | | | | |

 Zenor---------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.03 | Rock fragments |0.97

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.09 | |

 | | | | | |

828C2: | | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.03 | Rock fragments |0.97

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.09 | |

 | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.37

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Carbonate content|0.97

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 263

Table 15.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Potential as source | Potential as source | Potential as source

 component name | of gravel | of sand | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | | | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.37

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

835E2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Carbonate content|0.97

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Slope |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

854D: | | | | | |

 Histosols, fens-----|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

874: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Improbable | |Fair | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.36 | |

 | | | | | |

874B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Improbable | |Fair | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.36 | |

 | | | | | |

874C2: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Improbable | |Fair | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.36 | |

 | | | | | |

875: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |

875B: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |

875C2: | | | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |

878: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |
264 Soil Survey of

Table 15.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Potential as source | Potential as source | Potential as source

 component name | of gravel | of sand | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | | | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

878B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

879: | | | | | |

 Fostoria------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Fair |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.89

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

928: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

928B: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

992: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | |

1053: | | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum | | | | | |

 phase--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1091: | | | | | |

 McCreath------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.89

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1092: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | |

1133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | |

1259: | | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional|Not rated | |Not rated | |Poor |

 | | | | | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Hard to reclaim |0.68

 | | | | | |

1385: | | | | | |

 Ocheda--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.89

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 265

Table 15.--Construction Materials--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Potential as source | Potential as source | Potential as source

 component name | of gravel | of sand | of topsoil _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class |Value| Rating class |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | | | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1508: | | | | | |

 Belmann-------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Too clayey |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | | | | | saturated zone |

 | | | | | |

1585: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Improbable | |Poor | |Good |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | |

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | |

 | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Improbable | |Poor | |Poor |

 | Thickest layer |0.00 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Depth to |0.00

 | Bottom layer |0.00 | Thickest layer |0.00 | saturated zone |

 | | | | | Too clayey |0.00

 | | | | | |

5010: | | | | | |

 Pits, sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5040: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy---|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5060: | | | | | |

 Pits, clay----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

AW: | | | | | |

 Animal waste--------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

SL: | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon-------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

W: | | | | | |

 Water---------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
266 Soil Survey of

Table 16.--Water Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. “Not rated” indicates that data are not

 available or that no rating is applicable. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 component name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

6: | | | | | |

 Okoboji-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Ponding |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Hard to pack |0.84 | |

 | | | | | |

27B: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |0.46 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

27C: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.46 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

27D: | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.46 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

31: | | | | | |

 Afton---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | | | |

34B: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.69 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

41C: | | | | | |

 Sparta--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.34 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

48: | | | | | |

 Knoke---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.05 | Ponding |1.00 | Slow refill |0.95

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Hard to pack |0.59 | |

 | | | | | |

54: | | | | | |

 Zook----------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.05 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.95

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Hard to pack |1.00 | |

 | | | | | |

55: | | | | | |

 Nicollet------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.97 | |

 | | | | | |

62F: | | | | | |

 Storden-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.18 | | | |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 267

Table 16.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 component name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

77B: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.41 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

77C: | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.41 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

77C2: | | | | | |

 Sac, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.44 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

90: | | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | | | |

 clay loam----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Ponding |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Hard to pack |0.47 | |

 | | | | | |

95: | | | | | |

 Harps---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | | | |

107: | | | | | |

 Webster-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.22 | |

 | | | | | |

108: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Very limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

108B: | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------|Very limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | | | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | | | |

135: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.22 | |

 | | | | | |

138B: | | | | | |

 Clarion-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

138C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |
268 Soil Survey of

Table 16.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 component name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

175: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.36 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

175B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.36 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

191: | | | | | |

 Rushmore------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.10 | |

 | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.22 | |

 | | | | | |

 Terril--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |0.46 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

202: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Seepage |0.36 | |

 | | | | | |

203: | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Seepage |0.10 | |

 | | | | | |

221: | | | | | |

 Klossner------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

259: | | | | | |

 Biscay--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Seepage |0.09 | |

 | | | | | |

274: | | | | | |

 Rolfe---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Ponding |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

282: | | | | | |

 Ransom--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.91 | |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 269

Table 16.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 component name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

308: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.09 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

308B: | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.09 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

354: | | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | | | |

 ponded-------------|Not limited | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

375: | | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine| | | | | |

 substratum---------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.10 | |

 | | | | | |

376F: | | | | | |

 Cornell-------------|Somewhat limited | |Not limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | | | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.18 | | | |

 | | | | | |

379: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.74 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

379B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.74 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

379C2: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.77 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

384: | | | | | |

 Collinwood----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.02 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.98

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Hard to pack |0.06 | |

 | | | | | |

390: | | | | | |

 Waldorf-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.02 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.98

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Hard to pack |0.03 | |

 | | | | | |
270 Soil Survey of

Table 16.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 component name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

397: | | | | | |

 Letri---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | Piping |0.07 | |

 | | | | | |

433E: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.71 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.04 | | | |

 | | | | | |

433F: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.71 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.18 | | | |

 | | | | | |

433G: | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.71 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.64 | | | |

 | | | | | |

455: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.96

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.08 | |

 | | | | | |

456: | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.96

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.06 | |

 | | | | | |

485: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.77 | |

 | | | | | |

506: | | | | | |

 Wacousta------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Ponding |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.44 | |

 | | | | | |

507: | | | | | |

 Canisteo------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.30

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.19 | |

 | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | |

 Estherville---------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.45 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.50 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 271

Table 16.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 component name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

559: | | | | | |

 Talcot--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Seepage |0.75 | |

 | | | | | |

577B: | | | | | |

 Everly--------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.34 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

577C2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.29 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.29 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.72 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

638C2: | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

672: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.02 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

672B: | | | | | |

 May City------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.02 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

672C2: | | | | | |

 May City, moderately| | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.02 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

709: | | | | | |

 Fairhaven-----------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.08 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

733: | | | | | |

 Calco---------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.05 | |

 | | | | | |
272 Soil Survey of

Table 16.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 component name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

735: | | | | | |

 Havelock------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.06 | |

 | | | Seepage |0.03 | |

 | | | | | |

740D: | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.50 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

810: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.03 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

810B: | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.03 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

828B: | | | | | |

 Zenor---------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.09 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

828C2: | | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.09 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.01 | | | |

 | | | | | |

835E2: | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.04 | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.70 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | Slope |0.04 | | | |

 | | | | | |

854D: | | | | | |

 Histosols, fens-----|Somewhat limited | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | Slope |0.03 | | | |

 | | | | | |

874: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.36 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 273

Table 16.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 component name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

874B: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum---------|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.36 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

874C2: | | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | |

 moderately eroded--|Very limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Seepage |0.36 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

875: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | Seepage |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |

875B: | | | | | |

 Roine---------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | Seepage |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |

875C2: | | | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | | | |

 eroded-------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Piping |1.00 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | Seepage |0.01 | |

 | | | | | |

878: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.99 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

878B: | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.99 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

879: | | | | | |

 Fostoria------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.58 | |

 | | | | | |

928: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.06 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

928B: | | | | | |

 Annieville----------|Somewhat limited | |Somewhat limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Piping |0.06 | Depth to water |1.00

 | | | | | |

992: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Ponding |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | | | |

1053: | | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum | | | | | |

 phase--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.96

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.50 | |

 | | | | | |
274 Soil Survey of

Table 16.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 component name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1091: | | | | | |

 McCreath------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Piping |0.16 | |

 | | | | | |

1092: | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | | | |

1133: | | | | | |

 Colo----------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.72 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.28

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | | | |

1259: | | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional|Very limited | |Very limited | |Very limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Ponding |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |1.00

 | | | Depth to |1.00 | |

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Seepage |0.09 | |

 | | | | | |

1385: | | | | | |

 Ocheda--------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.05 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.95

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | | | |

1508: | | | | | |

 Belmann-------------|Somewhat limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |0.04 | Depth to |1.00 | Slow refill |0.96

 | | | saturated zone | | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | Hard to pack |0.02 | |

 | | | | | |

1585: | | | | | |

 Spillville----------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | Depth to water |0.01

 | | | Piping |0.83 | |

 | | | | | |

 Coland--------------|Very limited | |Very limited | |Somewhat limited |

 | Seepage |1.00 | Depth to |1.00 | Cutbanks cave |0.10

 | | | saturated zone | | |

 | | | Piping |0.24 | |

 | | | | | |

5010: | | | | | |

 Pits, sand and | | | | | |

 gravel-------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5040: | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy---|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

5060: | | | | | |

 Pits, clay----------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

AW: | | | | | |

 Animal waste--------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |

SL: | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon-------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 275

Table 16.--Water Management--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol and | Pond reservoir areas | Embankments, dikes, and | Aquifer-fed

 component name | | levees | excavated ponds _____________________________________________________________________________

 | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

W: | | | | | |

 Water---------------|Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties (Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 6: | | | | | | | | |  Okoboji---------| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100 | 6-32 |Silty clay loam|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100 | 32-56 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 56-60 |Loam, silty |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100 | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 27B: | | | | | | | | |  Terril----------| 0-9 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | 9-36 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | 36-50 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | 50-60 |Clay loam, loam|CL-ML, CL, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|65-95  | | | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 27C: | | | | | | | | |  Terril----------| 0-9 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | 9-36 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | 36-50 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | 50-60 |Loam, clay loam|SC, SC-SM, |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|65-95  | | | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 27D: | | | | | | | | |  Terril----------| 0-9 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | 9-36 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | 36-50 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | 50-60 |Clay loam, loam|CL, CL-ML, |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|65-95  | | | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 31: | | | | | | | | |  Afton-----------| 0-7 |Silty clay loam|MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100  | 7-32 |Silty clay loam|MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100  | 32-43 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100  | 51-65 |Clay loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-100 | 65-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-95 |75-85  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 34B: | | | | | | | | |  Estherville-----| 0-7 |Sandy loam |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|50-75  | 7-18 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-1, A-4, A-2| 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-95 |40-75  | | loam, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 18-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SM, GP, |A-1 | 0 | 0-10 |55-90 |50-85 |10-40  | | sand, very | SP-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 41C: | | | | | | | | |  Sparta----------| 0-11 |Loamy sand |SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|35-95  | 11-15 |Loamy fine |SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|50-95  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 15-60 |Fine sand, sand|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|50-95  | | | | | | | | | 48: | | | | | | | | |  Knoke-----------| 0-8 |Mucky silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 8-15 |Silty clay loam|CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 15-39 |Silty clay |MH, OH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, mucky | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Silty clay, |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 54: | | | | | | | | |  Zook------------| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 6-20 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 20-60 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 55: | | | | | | | | |  Nicollet--------| 0-10 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 10-17 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 17-36 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|90-100|75-90  | 36-60 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, SC-SM,|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | SC, CL | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 62F: | | | | | | | | |  Storden---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-85  | 7-55 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-97 |70-85  | 55-80 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 77B: | | | | | | | | |  Sac-------------| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL, MH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | ML | | | | | |  | 6-16 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL, MH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | ML | | | | | |  | 16-32 |Clay loam, |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 32-80 |Clay loam |CL, CL-ML |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | 77C: | | | | | | | | |  Sac-------------| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL, MH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | ML | | | | | |  | 6-16 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL, MH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | ML | | | | | |  | 16-32 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 32-80 |Clay loam |CL, CL-ML |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | 77C2: | | | | | | | | |  Sac, moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL, MH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | ML | | | | | |  | 7-30 |Clay loam, |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Clay loam |CL, CL-ML |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 90: | | | | | | | | |  Okoboji mucky | | | | | | | | |  silty clay loam| 0-8 |Mucky silty |MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 20-40 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 40-60 |Loam, silty |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 95: | | | | | | | | |  Harps-----------| 0-8 |Loam |CH, CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|80-90  | 8-16 |Loam, clay loam|CH, CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|80-90  | 16-42 |Loam, clay loam|CH, CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|80-90  | 42-60 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 107: | | | | | | | | |  Webster---------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|85-95  | 8-16 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|85-95  | 16-32 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-7, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|85-95  | 32-60 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 108: | | | | | | | | |  Wadena----------| 0-7 |Loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 7-11 |Loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 11-26 |Loam |SM, ML, CL, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|75-95  | | | SC | | | | | |  | 26-80 |Stratified very|GP, GP-GM, |A-1 | 0-3 | 0-5 |45-100|35-100|10-80  | | gravelly | SP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 108B: | | | | | | | | |  Wadena----------| 0-7 |Loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 7-10 |Loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 10-25 |Loam |SM, ML, CL, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|75-95  | | | SC | | | | | |  | 25-80 |Stratified very|SP-SM, GP, |A-1 | 0-3 | 0-5 |45-100|35-100|10-80  | | gravelly | GP-GM, SP | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 133: | | | | | | | | |  Colo------------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 8-34 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 34-52 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 52-60 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | | | | | | | 135: | | | | | | | | |  Coland----------| 0-8 |Clay loam |CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-32 |Silty clay |CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 32-40 |Clay loam |CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 40-60 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, CL, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|60-70  | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 138B: | | | | | | | | |  Clarion---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 7-18 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 18-36 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | 36-60 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 138C2: | | | | | | | | |  Clarion, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 7-16 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 16-35 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 35-60 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 175: | | | | | | | | |  Dickinson-------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 9-18 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 18-30 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-36 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-3, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 36-60 |Sand |SM |A-3, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-90  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 175B: | | | | | | | | |  Dickinson-------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 9-18 |Fine sandy |SC, SM, SC-SM|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-30 |Fine sandy |SC, SM, SC-SM|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-36 |Loamy sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-3, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 36-60 |Sand, loamy |SM |A-3, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-90  | | fine sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 191: | | | | | | | | |  Rushmore--------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|95-10 | 8-18 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|95-10 | 18-28 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | 28-62 |Clay loam, loam|ML |A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|85-95  | | | | | | | | | 201B: | | | | | | | | |  Coland----------| 0-8 |Clay loam |CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-32 |Silty clay |CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 32-40 |Clay loam |CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 40-60 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, CL, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|60-70  | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Terril----------| 0-9 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | 9-36 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | 36-50 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | 50-60 |Clay loam, |SC-SM, SC, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|65-95  | | loam, sandy | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 202: | | | | | | | | |  Cylinder, 24 to | | | | | | | | |  32 inches to | | | | | | | | |  sand and gravel| 0-8 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|80-100 | 8-18 |Loam, clay loam|CL, SC |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-95  | 18-28 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-95  | 28-80 |Gravelly sandy |SP-SM, SM |A-1 | 0 | 0-10 |65-95 |65-95 |20-55  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 203: | | | | | | | | |  Cylinder, 32 to | | | | | | | | |  40 inches to | | | | | | | | |  sand and gravel| 0-8 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|80-100 | 8-18 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|80-100 | 18-28 |Loam, clay loam|SC, CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-95  | 28-80 |Coarse sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0-10 |65-95 |65-95 |20-55  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 221: | | | | | | | | |  Klossner--------| 0-10 |Muck |PT |A-1 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | ---  | 10-26 |Muck |PT |A-1 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | ---  | 26-48 |Mucky silty |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|70-95  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 48-80 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|70-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 259: | | | | | | | | |  Biscay----------| 0-7 |Clay loam |ML, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-95  | 7-20 |Loam, clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-95  | 20-36 |Loam, clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 36-80 |Stratified very|SP, SP-SM, |A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |45-95 |35-95 |20-45  | | gravelly | GP-GM, GP | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 274: | | | | | | | | |  Rolfe-----------| 0-10 |Silt loam |OL, CL, ML |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 10-21 |Silt loam |OL, CL, ML |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 21-55 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 55-80 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-90  | | | | | | | | | 282: | | | | | | | | |  Ransom----------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-16 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 16-33 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | 33-80 |Clay loam, loam|ML, CL |A-4 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|75-95  | | | | | | | | | 308: | | | | | | | | |  Wadena, 32 to 40| | | | | | | | |  inches to sand | | | | | | | | |  and gravel-----| 0-8 |Loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 8-13 |Loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 13-34 |Loam, sandy |SC, SM, CL, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|75-95  | | loam, sandy | ML | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 34-60 |Stratified very|GP-GM, SP, |A-2, A-1, A-3| 0-3 | 0-5 |45-100|35-100|10-80  | | gravelly | GP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 308B: | | | | | | | | |  Wadena, 32 to 40| | | | | | | | |  inches to sand | | | | | | | | |  and gravel-----| 0-8 |Loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 8-13 |Loam |SM, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|75-95  | | | ML | | | | | |  | 13-34 |Loam, sandy |SM, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|75-95  | | loam, sandy | ML | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 34-60 |Stratified very|GP-GM, SP-SM,|A-1, A-3, A-2| 0-3 | 0-5 |45-100|35-100|10-80  | | gravelly | SP, GP | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 354. | | | | | | | | |  Aquolls (marsh),| | | | | | | | |  ponded | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 375: | | | | | | | | |  Fostoria, | | | | | | | | |  lacustrine | | | | | | | | |  substratum-----| 0-7 |Clay loam |CL |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 7-19 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 | 100 | 100 |75-10 | 19-46 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 | 100 | 100 |75-10 | 46-52 |Silty clay, |CH, CL, MH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | ML | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 52-80 |Silty clay |CH, CL, MH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam, silty | ML | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 376F: | | | | | | | | |  Cornell---------| 0-6 |Clay loam, |ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 6-21 |Clay loam, |ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 21-43 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-95 |85-95 |70-85  | | silty clay, | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 43-80 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-95 |85-95 |70-85  | | | | | | | | | 379: | | | | | | | | |  Ocheyedan, | | | | | | | | |  lacustrine | | | | | | | | |  substratum-----| 0-7 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | 7-14 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | 14-40 |Fine sandy |SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-80  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 40-60 |Silt loam |CL |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 60-80 |Silty clay |ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 379B: | | | | | | | | |  Ocheyedan, | | | | | | | | |  lacustrine | | | | | | | | |  substratum-----| 0-7 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | 7-14 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | 14-40 |Fine sandy |SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-80  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 40-60 |Silt loam |CL |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 60-80 |Silty clay |ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | | | | | | | | 379C2: | | | | | | | | |  Ocheyedan, | | | | | | | | |  lacustrine | | | | | | | | |  substratum, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-8 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | 8-40 |Fine sandy |SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-80  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 40-60 |Silt loam |CL |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 60-80 |Silty clay |ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | | | | | | | | 384: | | | | | | | | |  Collinwood------| 0-7 |Clay, silty |CL, ML, CH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | MH | | | | | |  | 7-15 |Silty clay |CL, CH, ML, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | MH | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 15-33 |Clay loam, |MH, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 390: | | | | | | | | |  Waldorf---------| 0-9 |Silty clay, |ML, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 9-28 |Silty clay |MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 28-45 |Clay, silty |MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 45-80 |Silty clay |MH, CL, ML, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | CH | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 397: | | | | | | | | |  Letri-----------| 0-8 |Clay loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|95-10 | 8-18 |Clay loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|95-10 | 18-32 |Gravelly sandy |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 32-60 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|85-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 433E: | | | | | | | | |  Moneta----------| 0-9 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-98 |80-95  | 9-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |70-95  | 60-80 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |70-95  | | | | | | | | | 433F: | | | | | | | | |  Moneta----------| 0-9 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-98 |80-95  | 9-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |70-95  | 60-80 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |70-95  | | | | | | | | | 433G: | | | | | | | | |  Moneta----------| 0-9 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-98 |80-95  | 9-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |70-95  | 60-80 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |70-95  | | | | | | | | | 455: | | | | | | | | |  Wilmonton-------| 0-8 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-10 | 8-17 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-10 | 17-25 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|80-90  | 25-55 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|75-85  | 55-80 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|75-85  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 456: | | | | | | | | |  Wilmonton-------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-10 | 8-14 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-10 | 14-35 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|80-90  | 35-80 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|75-85  | | | | | | | | | 485: | | | | | | | | |  Spillville------| 0-20 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95  | 20-54 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95  | 54-80 |Sandy clay |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-90  | | loam, loam, | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 506: | | | | | | | | |  Wacousta--------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-14 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 14-16 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 16-60 |Silt loam, |ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|85-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 507: | | | | | | | | |  Canisteo--------| 0-10 |Clay loam |ML, OL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-10 | 10-18 |Clay loam |ML, OL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-10 | 18-39 |Clay loam, |CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0 |98-100|90-100|85-95  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 541C: | | | | | | | | |  Estherville-----| 0-7 |Sandy loam |SM, SC, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|50-75  | 7-18 |Sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-1, A-4, A-2| 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-95 |40-75  | | loam, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 18-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SM, GP, |A-1 | 0 | 0-10 |55-90 |50-85 |10-40  | | sand, very | SP-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 541C: | | | | | | | | |  Hawick----------| 0-7 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-2 | 0-5 |85-100|80-95 |50-65  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 7-11 |Gravelly loamy |SP-SM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0-2 | 0-5 |75-95 |60-95 |35-70  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 11-73 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3, A-2| 0-2 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-95 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 559: | | | | | | | | |  Talcot----------| 0-10 |Clay loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-90  | 10-26 |Silty clay |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-90  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 26-30 |Silty clay |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|70-90  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-60 |Loamy coarse |SP-SM |A-1 | 0 | 0 |65-90 |50-85 |20-50  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 577B: | | | | | | | | |  Everly----------| 0-8 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95  | 8-12 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95  | 12-26 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-95  | 26-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-95 |75-85  | | | | | | | | | 577C2: | | | | | | | | |  Everly, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95  | 7-26 |Clay loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-95  | 26-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-95 |75-85  | | | | | | | | | 637D2: | | | | | | | | |  Everly, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95  | 7-26 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-95  | 26-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-95 |75-85  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 637D2: | | | | | | | | |  Moneta, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-98 |80-95  | 7-57 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |70-95  | 57-80 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |70-95  | | | | | | | | | 638C2: | | | | | | | | |  Clarion, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 7-16 |Loam, silt loam|CL-ML, CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 16-35 |Loam, silt loam|CL-ML, CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 35-60 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Storden, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-85  | 7-11 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-97 |70-85  | 11-80 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 672: | | | | | | | | |  May City--------| 0-7 |Sandy clay |SM |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|55-70  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 7-19 |Sandy clay |SM, SC, CL, |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-95  | | loam, loam | ML | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Extremely |SP |A-1 | 0 | 0 |50-85 |45-85 |20-35  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 672B: | | | | | | | | |  May City--------| 0-7 |Sandy clay |SM |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|55-70  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 7-19 |Sandy clay |SM, SC, CL, |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-95  | | loam, loam | ML | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Extremely |SP |A-1 | 0 | 0 |50-85 |45-85 |20-35  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 672C2: | | | | | | | | |  May City, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Sandy clay |SM |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|55-70  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 7-17 |Sandy clay |SM, SC, CL, |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-95  | | loam, loam | ML | | | | | |  | 17-80 |Extremely |SP |A-1 | 0 | 0 |50-85 |45-85 |20-35  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 709: | | | | | | | | |  Fairhaven-------| 0-9 |Silt loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|80-95  | 9-25 |Silt loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|80-95  | 25-30 |Sandy loam, |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|80-95  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Gravelly loamy |SP-SM |A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |50-100|35-100|20-50  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 733: | | | | | | | | |  Calco-----------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-27 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 27-36 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 36-80 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 735: | | | | | | | | |  Havelock--------| 0-9 |Clay loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-40 |Clay loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 40-73 |Sandy loam, |CL |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|60-70  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 740D: | | | | | | | | |  Hawick----------| 0-7 |Gravelly loamy |SM |A-2 | 0-2 | 0-5 |85-100|80-95 |50-65  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 7-11 |Gravelly loamy |SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0-2 | 0-5 |75-95 |60-95 |35-70  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 11-73 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-3, A-2| 0-2 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-95 |30-65  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 810: | | | | | | | | |  Galva, terrace--| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 6-17 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 17-31 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 31-45 |Silt loam, |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 45-60 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | 810B: | | | | | | | | |  Galva, terrace--| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 6-17 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 17-31 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 31-45 |Silty clay |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 45-60 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | 828B: | | | | | | | | |  Zenor-----------| 0-8 |Sandy loam |SC-SM, SC |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |85-95 |80-95 |60-70  | 8-33 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |85-95 |80-95 |50-70  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Sand, gravelly |SW, SP-SM, SP|A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |85-95 |80-90 |20-40  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 828C2: | | | | | | | | |  Zenor, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-8 |Sandy loam |SC-SM, SC |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-95 |80-95 |60-70  | 8-30 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-95 |80-95 |50-70  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-60 |Sand, gravelly |SW, SP, SP-SM|A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |85-95 |80-90 |20-40  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 835D2: | | | | | | | | |  Storden, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|70-85  | 7-11 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-97 |70-85  | 11-80 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Omsrud, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 7-24 |Loam, silt loam|CL-ML, CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 24-60 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 835E2: | | | | | | | | |  Storden, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-98 |70-85  | 7-11 |Loam, sandy |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |70-85  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 11-80 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Omsrud, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 7-24 |Loam, silt loam|CL-ML, CL |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-90  | 24-60 |Loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 854D. | | | | | | | | |  Histosols, fens | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 874: | | | | | | | | |  Dickinson, | | | | | | | | |  lacustrine | | | | | | | | |  substratum-----| 0-9 |Sandy loam |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 9-30 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 30-36 |Loamy sand, |SC-SM |A-3, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 36-67 |Sand |SM |A-3, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-90  | 67-80 |Silty clay |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 874B: | | | | | | | | |  Dickinson, | | | | | | | | |  lacustrine | | | | | | | | |  substratum-----| 0-9 |Sandy loam |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 9-30 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 30-36 |Loamy sand, |SC-SM |A-3, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 36-67 |Sand |SM |A-3, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-90  | 67-80 |Silty clay |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 874C2: | | | | | | | | |  Dickinson, | | | | | | | | |  lacustrine | | | | | | | | |  substratum, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-8 |Sandy loam |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | 8-30 |Fine sandy |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-36 |Loamy sand, |SC-SM |A-3, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 36-67 |Sand |SM |A-3, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-90  | 67-80 |Silt loam, |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 875: | | | | | | | | |  Roine-----------| 0-8 |Fine sandy |SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 8-48 |Fine sandy loam|SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | 48-52 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |90-95 |85-95 |80-90  | 52-59 |Silt loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 59-80 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |90-95 |85-95 |80-90  | | | | | | | | | 875B: | | | | | | | | |  Roine-----------| 0-8 |Fine sandy |SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 8-48 |Fine sandy loam|SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | 48-52 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |90-95 |85-95 |80-90  | 52-59 |Silt loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 59-80 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |90-95 |85-95 |80-90  | | | | | | | | | 875C2: | | | | | | | | |  Roine, | | | | | | | | |  moderately | | | | | | | | |  eroded---------| 0-8 |Fine sandy |SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 8-45 |Fine sandy loam|SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95  | 45-52 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |90-95 |85-95 |80-90  | 52-59 |Silt loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 59-80 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |90-95 |85-95 |80-90  | | | | | | | | | 878: | | | | | | | | |  Ocheyedan-------| 0-7 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | 7-14 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | 14-34 |Fine sandy |SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-80  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 34-60 |Clay loam, silt|CL |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 878B: | | | | | | | | |  Ocheyedan-------| 0-7 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | 7-14 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | 14-34 |Loam, sandy |SC |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-80  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 34-60 |Clay loam, silt|CL |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 879: | | | | | | | | |  Fostoria--------| 0-7 |Loam |CL |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 7-19 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 | 100 | 100 |75-10 | 19-34 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 | 100 | 100 |75-10 | 34-80 |Loam, silt loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 | 100 | 100 |75-10 | | | | | | | | | 928: | | | | | | | | |  Annieville------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-20 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 20-52 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 52-57 |Clay loam, |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 57-80 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | 928B: | | | | | | | | |  Annieville------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-20 |Silty clay loam|ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 20-52 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 52-57 |Clay loam, |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 57-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 2-5 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | 992: | | | | | | | | |  Gillett Grove---| 0-8 |Silty clay |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 8-17 |Silty clay |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 17-44 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 44-57 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 57-62 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|80-90  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1053: | | | | | | | | |  Belmann, gypsum | | | | | | | | |  phase----------| 0-7 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 7-57 |Clay loam |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 57-80 |Silty clay, |ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1091: | | | | | | | | |  McCreath--------| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 6-17 |Silty clay loam|CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 17-35 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 35-44 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 44-80 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|75-95 |70-95  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1092: | | | | | | | | |  Gillett Grove---| 0-8 |Silty clay |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 8-17 |Silty clay |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 17-44 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 44-57 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 57-62 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|80-90  | | | | | | | | | 1133: | | | | | | | | |  Colo------------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 8-34 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 34-52 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 52-60 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1259: | | | | | | | | |  Biscay, | | | | | | | | |  depressional---| 0-7 |Clay loam |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | 7-21 |Loam, clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | 21-37 |Loam, clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 37-42 |Gravelly loam, |SM, SC-SM, SC|A-4 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|70-95 |50-80  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 42-60 |Stratified very|SP, SP-SM, |A-1 | --- | 0-5 |45-95 |35-95 |20-45  | | gravelly | GP-GM, GP | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1385: | | | | | | | | |  Ocheda----------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CH, ML, CL, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | MH | | | | | |  | 8-20 |Silty clay loam|CH, ML, CL, |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | MH | | | | | |  | 20-24 |Silty clay, |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 24-57 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 57-80 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-5 |90-100|90-98 |85-95  | | | | | | | | | 1508: | | | | | | | | |  Belmann---------| 0-8 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 8-16 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 16-24 |Clay loam, |CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 24-52 |Silty clay, |ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 52-80 |Silty clay |ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | | | | | | | | 1585: | | | | | | | | |  Spillville------| 0-47 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95  | 47-80 |Sandy clay |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-90  | | loam, loam, | CL, CL-ML | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ component name | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1585: | | | | | | | | |  Coland----------| 0-39 |Clay loam |CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 39-60 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, CL, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|60-70  | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 5010. | | | | | | | | |  Pits, sand and | | | | | | | | |  gravel | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 5040. | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents, | | | | | | | | |  loamy | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 5060. | | | | | | | | |  Pits, clay | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | AW. | | | | | | | | |  Animal waste | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | SL. | | | | | | | | |  Sewage lagoon | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | W. | | | | | | | | |  Water | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Clay County, Iowa 299

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils

(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and "Wind

 erodibility index" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

6: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Okoboji---------------| 0-6 | 35-40|1.30-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 9.0-12 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 6-32 | 35-40|1.30-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 3.0-9.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 32-56 | 35-42|1.30-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 56-60 | 25-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 2.6-5.8 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

27B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Terril----------------| 0-9 | 18-26|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 9-36 | 18-32|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 36-50 | 24-30|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 2.3-4.2 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 50-60 | 15-30|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-4.2 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

27C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Terril----------------| 0-9 | 18-26|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 9-36 | 18-30|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 36-50 | 24-30|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 50-60 | 15-30|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

27D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Terril----------------| 0-9 | 18-26|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 9-36 | 18-30|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 36-50 | 24-30|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 50-60 | 15-30|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

31: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Afton-----------------| 0-7 | 33-38|1.25-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 6.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 7-32 | 33-38|1.25-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 32-43 | 25-35|1.25-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 51-65 | 25-30|1.30-1.45| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 65-80 | 22-32|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

34B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Estherville-----------| 0-7 | 5-15|1.25-1.35| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 1.5-2.5 | .20 | .20 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 7-18 | 10-18|1.35-1.60| 2-6 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 18-80 | 0-8 |1.50-1.65| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

41C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sparta----------------| 0-11 | 3-10|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.09-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 11-15 | 1-8 |1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.05-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 15-60 | 0-5 |1.50-1.70| 6-20 |0.04-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

48: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Knoke-----------------| 0-8 | 27-36|1.30-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.25| 6.0-8.9 | 8.0-15 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 8-15 | 27-36|1.30-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 5.0-8.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 15-39 | 27-36|1.30-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 39-80 | 27-45|1.35-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-3.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

54: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Zook------------------| 0-6 | 35-40|1.30-1.35| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 6-20 | 35-40|1.30-1.35| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 20-60 | 36-45|1.30-1.45| 0.06-0.2 |0.11-0.13| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

55: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nicollet--------------| 0-10 | 21-27|1.15-1.25| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.22| 1.3-3.2 | 5.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 10-17 | 22-28|1.15-1.25| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.22| 1.3-3.2 | 3.0-5.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 17-36 | 17-30|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.1-4.2 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 36-60 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
300 Soil Survey of

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

62F: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Storden---------------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.5-3.5 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-55 | 18-30|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 55-80 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

77B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sac-------------------| 0-6 | 31-38|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 6-16 | 32-39|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 2.5-4.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 16-32 | 30-35|1.30-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 32-80 | 22-28|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

77C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sac-------------------| 0-6 | 31-38|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 6-16 | 32-39|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 2.5-4.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 16-32 | 30-35|1.30-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 32-80 | 22-28|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

77C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sac, moderately eroded| 0-7 | 32-39|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 2.5-3.5 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 7-30 | 30-35|1.30-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 30-80 | 22-28|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

90: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | | | | | | | | | |

 clay loam------------| 0-8 | 20-30|1.20-1.25| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.25| 0.1-4.2 | 12-18 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 8-20 | 35-42|1.30-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-10 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 20-40 | 35-42|1.30-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 40-60 | 25-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 2.6-5.8 | 1.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

95: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Harps-----------------| 0-8 | 18-26|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 0.1-2.9 | 4.5-5.5 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 8-16 | 18-32|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.1-4.2 | 3.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 16-42 | 18-32|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.1-4.2 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 42-60 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

107: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Webster---------------| 0-8 | 27-35|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 3.2-5.8 | 6.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 8-16 | 27-35|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 3.2-5.8 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 16-32 | 25-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 2.6-5.8 | 2.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 32-60 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

108: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena----------------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 4 | 6 | 48

 | 7-11 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 11-26 | 18-27|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 26-80 | 1-5 |1.55-1.65| >20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

108B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena----------------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 4 | 6 | 48

 | 7-10 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 10-25 | 18-27|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 25-80 | 1-5 |1.55-1.65| >20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

133: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colo------------------| 0-8 | 27-36|1.28-1.32| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 8-34 | 27-36|1.28-1.32| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 34-52 | 30-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 52-60 | 25-35|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 301

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

135: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Coland----------------| 0-8 | 27-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.2-5.8 | 5.0-7.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 8-32 | 27-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.2-5.8 | 4.0-5.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 32-40 | 27-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.2-5.8 | 2.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 40-60 | 12-26|1.50-1.65| 0.6-6 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

138B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clarion---------------| 0-7 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-18 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 18-36 | 24-30|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 2.3-4.2 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 36-60 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

138C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 2.2-3.2 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-16 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 16-35 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 35-60 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

175: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson-------------| 0-9 | 10-18|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .20 | .20 | 4 | 3 | 86

 | 9-18 | 10-18|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.5-2.5 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 18-30 | 10-15|1.45-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 30-36 | 4-10|1.55-1.65| 6-20 |0.08-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 36-60 | 4-10|1.60-1.70| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

175B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson-------------| 0-9 | 10-18|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.5-2.5 | .20 | .20 | 4 | 3 | 86

 | 9-18 | 10-15|1.45-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 18-30 | 10-15|1.45-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 30-36 | 4-10|1.55-1.65| 6-20 |0.08-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 36-60 | 4-10|1.60-1.70| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

191: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rushmore--------------| 0-8 | 27-35|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 8-18 | 27-35|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 18-28 | 27-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 28-62 | 22-32|1.40-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Coland----------------| 0-8 | 27-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.2-5.8 | 5.0-7.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 8-32 | 27-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.2-5.8 | 4.0-5.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 32-40 | 27-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.2-5.8 | 2.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 40-60 | 12-26|1.50-1.65| 0.6-6 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Terril----------------| 0-9 | 18-26|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 9-36 | 18-26|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.5-3.5 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 36-50 | 24-30|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 2.3-4.2 | 2.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 50-60 | 15-30|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

202: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | | | | | | | |

 gravel---------------| 0-8 | 22-27|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .24 | .24 | 4 | 6 | 48

 | 8-18 | 22-30|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 18-28 | 22-30|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 28-80 | 2-12|1.60-1.70| >20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
302 Soil Survey of

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

203: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | | | | | | | |

 gravel---------------| 0-8 | 22-27|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 1.6-3.2 | 4.0-5.0 | .24 | .24 | 4 | 6 | 48

 | 8-18 | 22-27|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 1.6-3.2 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 18-28 | 22-30|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 1.6-3.2 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 28-80 | 2-12|1.60-1.70| >20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-0.0 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

221: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Klossner--------------| 0-10 | 0-0 |0.25-0.45| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 20-50 | .32 | .32 | 3 | 2 | 134

 | 10-26 | 0-0 |0.25-0.45| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 20-50 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 26-48 | 7-35|1.45-1.75| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 48-80 | 7-35|1.45-1.75| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

259: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Biscay----------------| 0-7 | 18-30|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 1.3-3.2 | 5.5-6.5 | .28 | .28 | 4 | 6 | 48

 | 7-20 | 18-30|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 1.3-3.2 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 20-36 | 18-30|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 1.3-3.2 | 0.5-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 36-80 | 1-6 |1.55-1.65| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

274: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rolfe-----------------| 0-10 | 22-27|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 10-21 | 22-27|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 21-55 | 38-45|1.40-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.11-0.13| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 55-80 | 24-35|1.50-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.16| 2.3-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

282: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ransom----------------| 0-8 | 27-38|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 8-16 | 27-38|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 16-33 | 24-38|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 33-80 | 18-30|1.40-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

308: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | | | | | | | |

 gravel---------------| 0-8 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 4 | 6 | 48

 | 8-13 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 13-34 | 18-27|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 1.3-3.2 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 34-60 | 1-5 |1.55-1.65| >20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

308B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | | | | | | | | |

 gravel---------------| 0-8 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 4 | 6 | 48

 | 8-13 | 18-27|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 1.3-3.2 | 2.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 13-34 | 18-27|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 1.3-3.2 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 34-60 | 1-5 |1.55-1.65| >20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

354. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | | | | | | | | | |

 ponded | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

375: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum-----------| 0-7 | 27-35|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 5.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 7-19 | 20-27|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 19-46 | 20-27|1.40-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 46-52 | 35-50|1.25-1.35| 0-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 52-80 | 30-45|1.25-1.35| 0-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 303

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

376F: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cornell---------------| 0-6 | 27-35|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 6-21 | 27-35|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 21-43 | 35-45|1.55-1.75| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 43-80 | 24-33|1.65-1.75| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

379: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum-----------| 0-7 | 24-29|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 7-14 | 24-27|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 14-40 | 14-24|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 40-60 | 12-24|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 60-80 | 35-45|1.25-1.35| 0.06-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

379B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum-----------| 0-7 | 24-29|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 7-14 | 24-27|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 14-40 | 14-24|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 40-60 | 12-24|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 60-80 | 35-45|1.25-1.35| 0.06-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

379C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | | | | | | | |

 moderately eroded----| 0-8 | 24-29|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.5-3.5 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 8-40 | 14-24|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 40-60 | 12-24|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 60-80 | 35-45|1.25-1.35| 0.06-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

384: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Collinwood------------| 0-7 | 40-55|1.20-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 7-15 | 39-55|1.20-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 15-33 | 34-60|1.25-1.35| 0.06-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 33-60 | 35-45|1.25-1.40| 0-0.6 |0.11-0.15| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

390: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waldorf---------------| 0-9 | 35-45|1.20-1.30| 0.06-0.6 |0.18-0.25| 6.0-8.9 | 6.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 9-28 | 35-45|1.20-1.30| 0.06-0.6 |0.18-0.25| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 28-45 | 40-55|1.25-1.35| 0.06-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 45-80 | 24-45|1.25-1.45| 0.06-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

397: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Letri-----------------| 0-8 | 27-35|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 8-18 | 27-35|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 18-32 | 18-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 32-60 | 22-32|1.40-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

433E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta----------------| 0-9 | 25-30|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-60 | 25-33|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 60-80 | 25-33|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

433F: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta----------------| 0-9 | 25-30|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-60 | 25-33|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 60-80 | 25-33|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

433G: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta----------------| 0-9 | 25-30|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-60 | 25-33|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 60-80 | 25-33|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
304 Soil Survey of

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

455: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-------------| 0-8 | 27-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.26| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 8-17 | 27-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.26| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 17-25 | 25-32|1.30-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 25-55 | 22-32|1.45-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 55-80 | 22-32|1.45-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

456: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-------------| 0-8 | 27-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.26| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 8-14 | 27-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.26| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 14-35 | 25-32|1.30-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 35-80 | 22-32|1.45-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

485: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Spillville------------| 0-20 | 18-26|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 20-54 | 18-26|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 54-80 | 14-24|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.15-0.18| 0.0-2.3 | 0.5-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

506: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wacousta--------------| 0-9 | 27-35|1.20-1.25| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.2-5.8 | 8.0-10 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 9-14 | 27-35|1.20-1.25| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.2-5.8 | 7.0-9.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 14-16 | 24-35|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 2.3-5.8 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 16-60 | 18-30|1.30-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.4-4.2 | 0.0-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

507: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Canisteo--------------| 0-10 | 27-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.2-5.8 | 5.0-7.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 10-18 | 27-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.2-5.8 | 3.0-5.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 18-39 | 20-35|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.8 | 2.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 39-80 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Estherville-----------| 0-7 | 5-15|1.25-1.35| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .20 | .20 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 7-18 | 10-18|1.35-1.60| 2-6 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 18-80 | 0-8 |1.50-1.65| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hawick----------------| 0-7 | 5-15|1.35-1.55| 2-6 |0.13-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .17 | .17 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 7-11 | 1-10|1.50-1.65| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | 11-73 | 1-5 |1.55-1.65| >20 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

559: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Talcot----------------| 0-10 | 30-35|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 4 | 4L | 86

 | 10-26 | 30-35|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 26-30 | 30-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 30-60 | 1-6 |1.55-1.65| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

577B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Everly----------------| 0-8 | 27-30|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 8-12 | 27-30|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 12-26 | 25-35|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 26-80 | 22-32|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

577C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 27-30|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-26 | 25-35|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 26-80 | 22-32|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 27-30|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-26 | 25-35|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 26-80 | 22-32|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 305

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 25-30|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-57 | 25-33|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 57-80 | 25-33|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

638C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 2.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-16 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 16-35 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 35-60 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.1-3.2 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-11 | 18-30|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 1.3-4.2 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 11-80 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

672: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 May City--------------| 0-7 | 7-35|1.35-1.55| 2-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 2 | 3 | 86

 | 7-19 | 7-35|1.55-1.65| 2-6 |0.10-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 19-80 | 5-30|1.50-1.80| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

672B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 May City--------------| 0-7 | 7-35|1.35-1.55| 2-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 2 | 3 | 86

 | 7-19 | 7-35|1.55-1.65| 2-6 |0.10-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 19-80 | 5-30|1.50-1.80| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

672C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 May City, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 7-35|1.35-1.55| 2-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .20 | .20 | 2 | 3 | 86

 | 7-17 | 7-35|1.55-1.65| 2-6 |0.10-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 17-80 | 5-30|1.50-1.80| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

709: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fairhaven-------------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | 4 | 6 | 48

 | 9-25 | 18-27|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 25-30 | 18-30|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 30-80 | 0-5 |1.55-1.65| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .10 | .17 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

733: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Calco-----------------| 0-9 | 28-33|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-27 | 28-33|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 27-36 | 30-35|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 36-80 | 22-32|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

735: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Havelock--------------| 0-9 | 27-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 6.0-8.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-40 | 27-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 40-73 | 12-26|1.50-1.65| 2-6 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

740D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hawick----------------| 0-7 | 5-15|1.35-1.55| 2-6 |0.13-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .17 | .17 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 7-11 | 1-10|1.50-1.65| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | 11-73 | 1-5 |1.55-1.65| >20 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

810: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace--------| 0-6 | 34-39|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 6-17 | 34-39|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 17-31 | 30-39|1.30-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 31-45 | 25-30|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 45-60 | 22-27|1.60-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
306 Soil Survey of

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

810B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace--------| 0-6 | 34-39|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 6-17 | 34-39|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 17-31 | 30-39|1.30-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 31-45 | 25-30|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 45-60 | 22-27|1.60-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

828B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Zenor-----------------| 0-8 | 10-15|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.5-2.5 | .20 | .20 | 4 | 3 | 86

 | 8-33 | 14-18|1.55-1.60| 2-6 |0.09-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 33-60 | 2-8 |1.60-1.75| >20 |0.01-0.03| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

828C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-8 | 10-15|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .20 | .20 | 4 | 3 | 86

 | 8-30 | 14-18|1.55-1.60| 2-6 |0.09-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 30-60 | 2-8 |1.60-1.75| >20 |0.01-0.03| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.4-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-11 | 18-30|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.4-4.2 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 11-80 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 2.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 48

 | 7-24 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.3 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 24-60 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-1.6 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

835E2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-11 | 18-22|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 11-80 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-7 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-24 | 18-24|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 24-60 | 12-22|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

854D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Histosols, fens-------| --- | --- | --- | 0.6-6 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

874: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum-----------| 0-9 | 10-18|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 9-30 | 10-18|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.5 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 30-36 | 4-10|1.55-1.65| 6-20 |0.08-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 36-67 | 4-10|1.60-1.70| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 67-80 | 25-45|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

874B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum-----------| 0-9 | 10-18|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 9-30 | 10-18|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.5 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 30-36 | 4-10|1.55-1.65| 6-20 |0.08-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 36-67 | 4-10|1.60-1.70| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 67-80 | 25-45|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 307

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

874C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | | | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | | | | | | | | |

 moderately eroded----| 0-8 | 10-18|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 8-30 | 10-15|1.45-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 30-36 | 4-10|1.55-1.65| 6-20 |0.08-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 36-67 | 4-10|1.60-1.70| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 67-80 | 25-45|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

875: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roine-----------------| 0-8 | 10-25|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .20 | .20 | 4 | 3 | 86

 | 8-48 | 10-25|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 48-52 | 10-27|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 52-59 | 10-27|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 59-80 | 25-33|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

875B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roine-----------------| 0-8 | 10-25|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .20 | .20 | 4 | 3 | 86

 | 8-48 | 10-25|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 48-52 | 10-27|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 52-59 | 10-27|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 59-80 | 25-33|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

875C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | | | | | | | | | |

 eroded---------------| 0-8 | 10-25|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .20 | .20 | 4 | 3 | 86

 | 8-45 | 10-25|1.50-1.55| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 45-52 | 10-27|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 52-59 | 10-27|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 59-80 | 25-33|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

878: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-------------| 0-7 | 24-27|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-14 | 24-27|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 14-34 | 14-24|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 34-60 | 12-28|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

878B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-------------| 0-7 | 24-27|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-14 | 24-27|1.40-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 14-34 | 14-24|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 34-60 | 12-28|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

879: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fostoria--------------| 0-7 | 25-27|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 5.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-19 | 25-30|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 19-34 | 16-26|1.40-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 34-80 | 16-26|1.40-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

928: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Annieville------------| 0-8 | 27-35|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 8-20 | 25-35|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 20-52 | 25-35|1.30-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 52-57 | 18-33|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 57-80 | 25-33|1.60-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

928B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Annieville------------| 0-8 | 27-35|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 8-20 | 25-35|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 20-52 | 25-35|1.30-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 52-57 | 18-33|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 57-80 | 25-33|1.60-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
308 Soil Survey of

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

992: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove---------| 0-8 | 36-42|1.30-1.35| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 6.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 4 | 4 | 86

 | 8-17 | 36-42|1.30-1.35| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 17-44 | 30-35|1.35-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 44-57 | 24-35|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 57-62 | 24-32|1.60-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1053: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum phase | 0-7 | 25-38|1.20-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 7-57 | 35-40|1.20-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 57-80 | 27-45|1.25-1.35| 0.06-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1091: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 McCreath--------------| 0-6 | 28-35|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 5.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 6-17 | 28-35|1.25-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 17-35 | 30-35|1.30-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 35-44 | 25-30|1.35-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 44-80 | 22-30|1.60-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1092: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove---------| 0-8 | 36-42|1.30-1.35| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 6.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 8-17 | 36-42|1.30-1.35| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 17-44 | 30-35|1.35-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 44-57 | 24-35|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 57-62 | 24-32|1.60-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1133: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colo------------------| 0-8 | 27-36|1.28-1.32| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 8-34 | 27-36|1.28-1.32| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 34-52 | 30-35|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 52-60 | 25-35|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1259: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional--| 0-7 | 27-30|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 6.0-10 | .28 | .28 | 4 | 6 | 48

 | 7-21 | 25-30|1.20-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 21-37 | 18-30|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 37-42 | 10-28|1.35-1.55| 2-6 |0.11-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .32 | | |

 | 42-60 | 1-6 |1.55-1.65| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1385: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheda----------------| 0-8 | 35-40|1.20-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 5.0-6.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 8-20 | 35-40|1.20-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 20-24 | 35-60|1.25-1.35| 0-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 24-57 | 35-45|1.25-1.40| 0-0.6 |0.11-0.15| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 57-80 | 24-40|1.35-1.80| 0-0.6 |0.15-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1508: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Belmann---------------| 0-8 | 25-38|1.20-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 8-16 | 25-38|1.20-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 16-24 | 27-38|1.20-1.30| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 24-52 | 35-60|1.25-1.35| 0.06-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 52-80 | 27-45|1.25-1.35| 0.06-0.6 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1585: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Spillville------------| 0-47 | 18-26|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.21| 0.4-2.9 | 2.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 47-80 | 14-24|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.15-0.18| 0.0-2.3 | 0.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Coland----------------| 0-39 | 27-35|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.2-5.8 | 2.0-7.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 39-60 | 12-26|1.50-1.65| 0.6-6 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

5010. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, sand and gravel | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 309

Table 18.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol and | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 component name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

5040. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

5060. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, clay | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

AW. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Animal waste | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

SL. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

W. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Water | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
310 Soil Survey of

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils

(Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated)

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

6: | | | | |

 Okoboji--------------| 0-6 | 41-41 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 6-32 | 41-41 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 32-56 | 41-45 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 56-60 | 30-36 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

27B: | | | | |

 Terril---------------| 0-9 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 9-36 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 36-50 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 50-60 | 15-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | | | | |

27C: | | | | |

 Terril---------------| 0-9 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 9-36 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 36-50 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 50-60 | 15-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | | | | |

27D: | | | | |

 Terril---------------| 0-9 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 9-36 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 36-50 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 50-60 | 15-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | | | | |

31: | | | | |

 Afton----------------| 0-7 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 | ---

 | 7-32 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 | ---

 | 32-43 | 30-36 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 51-65 | 30-36 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 65-80 | 25-30 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

34B: | | | | |

 Estherville----------| 0-7 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-18 | 5.0-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 18-80 | 0.0-10 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20 | ---

 | | | | |

41C: | | | | |

 Sparta---------------| 0-11 | 2.0-12 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 11-15 | 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 15-60 | 1.0-4.0 | 5.1-7.8 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |

48: | | | | |

 Knoke----------------| 0-8 | 41-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 8-15 | 41-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 15-39 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 39-80 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

54: | | | | |

 Zook-----------------| 0-6 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 6-20 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 20-60 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.8 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |

55: | | | | |

 Nicollet-------------| 0-10 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 10-17 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 17-36 | 15-25 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 36-60 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 311

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

62F: | | | | |

 Storden--------------| 0-7 | 15-20 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 7-55 | 15-20 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 55-80 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

77B: | | | | |

 Sac------------------| 0-6 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 6-16 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 16-32 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 32-80 | 30-36 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

77C: | | | | |

 Sac------------------| 0-6 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 6-16 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 16-32 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 32-80 | 30-36 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

77C2: | | | | |

 Sac, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | --- | ---

 | 7-30 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | --- | ---

 | 30-80 | 30-36 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

90: | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty | | | | |

 clay loam-----------| 0-8 | 41-41 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 8-20 | 41-45 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 20-40 | 41-45 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 40-60 | 30-36 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

95: | | | | |

 Harps----------------| 0-8 | 36-41 | 7.9-8.4 | 20-30 | ---

 | 8-16 | 25-30 | 7.9-8.4 | 20-30 | ---

 | 16-42 | 25-30 | 7.9-8.4 | 20-30 | ---

 | 42-60 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

107: | | | | |

 Webster--------------| 0-8 | 36-41 | 6.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-16 | 36-41 | 6.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 16-32 | 35-41 | 6.6-7.8 | 5-10 | ---

 | 32-60 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

108: | | | | |

 Wadena---------------| 0-7 | 5.0-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-11 | 5.0-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 11-26 | 5.0-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 26-80 | 0.0-5.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | ---

 | | | | |

108B: | | | | |

 Wadena---------------| 0-7 | 5.0-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-10 | 5.0-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 10-25 | 5.0-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 25-80 | 0.0-5.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | ---

 | | | | |

133: | | | | |

 Colo-----------------| 0-8 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-34 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 34-52 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 52-60 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |
312 Soil Survey of

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

135: | | | | |

 Coland---------------| 0-8 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-32 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 32-40 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 40-60 | 20-30 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-20 | ---

 | | | | |

138B: | | | | |

 Clarion--------------| 0-7 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-18 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 18-36 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 36-60 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

138C2: | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-16 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 16-35 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 35-60 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

175: | | | | |

 Dickinson------------| 0-9 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 9-18 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 18-30 | 15-20 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 30-36 | 5.0-10 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 36-60 | 5.0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |

175B: | | | | |

 Dickinson------------| 0-9 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 9-18 | 15-20 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 18-30 | 15-20 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 30-36 | 5.0-10 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 36-60 | 5.0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |

191: | | | | |

 Rushmore-------------| 0-8 | 36-41 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | ---

 | 8-18 | 36-41 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | ---

 | 18-28 | 36-41 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-30 | ---

 | 28-62 | 30-36 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

201B: | | | | |

 Coland---------------| 0-8 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-32 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 32-40 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 40-60 | 20-30 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-20 | ---

 | | | | |

 Terril---------------| 0-9 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 9-36 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 36-50 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 50-60 | 15-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | | | | |

202: | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | |

 gravel--------------| 0-8 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-18 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 18-28 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 28-80 | 5.0-10 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 313

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

203: | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | |

 gravel--------------| 0-8 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-18 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 18-28 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 28-80 | 5.0-10 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | | | | |

221: | | | | |

 Klossner-------------| 0-10 | 65-65 | 5.1-7.4 | 0 | ---

 | 10-26 | 65-65 | 5.1-7.4 | 0 | ---

 | 26-48 | 2.0-15 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | 48-80 | 2.0-15 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

259: | | | | |

 Biscay---------------| 0-7 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.4 | 0-15 | ---

 | 7-20 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.4 | 0-15 | ---

 | 20-36 | 12-25 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 36-80 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

274: | | | | |

 Rolfe----------------| 0-10 | 20-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 10-21 | 20-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 21-55 | 20-30 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 55-80 | 20-25 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | | | | |

282: | | | | |

 Ransom---------------| 0-8 | 36-41 | 6.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-16 | 36-41 | 6.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 16-33 | 36-41 | 6.6-7.8 | 0 | ---

 | 33-80 | 30-36 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

308: | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | |

 gravel--------------| 0-8 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-13 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 13-34 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 34-60 | 0.0-5.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | ---

 | | | | |

308B: | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | |

 inches to sand and | | | | |

 gravel--------------| 0-8 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-13 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 13-34 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 34-60 | 0.0-5.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | ---

 | | | | |

354. | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | | |

 ponded | | | | |

 | | | | |

375: | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine | | | | |

 substratum----------| 0-7 | 25-30 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-19 | 25-30 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 19-46 | 15-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 0-15 | ---

 | 46-52 | 26-50 | 5.6-7.3 | 0-30 | ---

 | 52-80 | 26-50 | 5.6-7.3 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |
314 Soil Survey of

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

376F: | | | | |

 Cornell--------------| 0-6 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 6-21 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 21-43 | 20-25 | 4.5-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 43-80 | 20-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | | | | |

379: | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine| | | | |

 substratum----------| 0-7 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-14 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 14-40 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 40-60 | 20-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | 60-80 | 26-50 | 5.6-7.3 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

379B: | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine| | | | |

 substratum----------| 0-7 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-14 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 14-40 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 40-60 | 20-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | 60-80 | 26-50 | 5.6-7.3 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

379C2: | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine| | | | |

 substratum, | | | | |

 moderately eroded---| 0-8 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-40 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 40-60 | 20-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | 60-80 | 26-50 | 5.6-7.3 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

384: | | | | |

 Collinwood-----------| 0-7 | 35-42 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-15 | 35-42 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 15-33 | 26-50 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 33-60 | 26-50 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

390: | | | | |

 Waldorf--------------| 0-9 | 36-52 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 9-28 | 36-52 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 28-45 | 25-46 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 45-80 | 14-37 | 7.6-8.4 | 15-30 | ---

 | | | | |

397: | | | | |

 Letri----------------| 0-8 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | ---

 | 8-18 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | ---

 | 18-32 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 5-25 | ---

 | 32-60 | 20-30 | 6.6-8.4 | 5-25 | ---

 | | | | |

433E: | | | | |

 Moneta---------------| 0-9 | 16-19 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 9-60 | 9.0-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 15-30 | ---

 | 60-80 | 9.0-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 10-20 | ---

 | | | | |

433F: | | | | |

 Moneta---------------| 0-9 | 16-19 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 9-60 | 9.0-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 15-30 | ---

 | 60-80 | 9.0-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 10-20 | ---

 | | | | |

433G: | | | | |

 Moneta---------------| 0-9 | 16-19 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 9-60 | 9.0-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 15-30 | ---

 | 60-80 | 9.0-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 10-20 | ---

 | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 315

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

455: | | | | |

 Wilmonton------------| 0-8 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-17 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 17-25 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | ---

 | 25-55 | 20-30 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 55-80 | 20-30 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

456: | | | | |

 Wilmonton------------| 0-8 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-14 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 14-35 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | ---

 | 35-80 | 20-30 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

485: | | | | |

 Spillville-----------| 0-20 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 20-54 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 54-80 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |

506: | | | | |

 Wacousta-------------| 0-9 | 41-41 | 6.1-7.3 | 0-15 | ---

 | 9-14 | 41-41 | 6.1-7.3 | 0-15 | ---

 | 14-16 | 30-35 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 16-60 | 25-30 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

507: | | | | |

 Canisteo-------------| 0-10 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-15 | ---

 | 10-18 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-15 | ---

 | 18-39 | 12-29 | 7.6-8.4 | 12-18 | ---

 | 39-80 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

541C: | | | | |

 Estherville----------| 0-7 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | --- | ---

 | 7-18 | 4.0-20 | 5.6-7.3 | --- | ---

 | 18-80 | 0.0-5.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20 | ---

 | | | | |

 Hawick---------------| 0-7 | 1.0-10 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 | ---

 | 7-11 | 1.0-5.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 | ---

 | 11-73 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-15 | ---

 | | | | |

559: | | | | |

 Talcot---------------| 0-10 | 30-36 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 10-26 | 30-36 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 26-30 | 30-36 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 30-60 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

577B: | | | | |

 Everly---------------| 0-8 | 25-30 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-12 | 25-30 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 12-26 | 25-30 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 26-80 | 25-30 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

577C2: | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 25-30 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-26 | 25-30 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 26-80 | 25-30 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

637D2: | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 25-30 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-26 | 25-30 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 26-80 | 25-30 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |
316 Soil Survey of

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

637D2: | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 16-19 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 7-57 | 9.0-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 15-30 | ---

 | 57-80 | 9.0-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 10-20 | ---

 | | | | |

638C2: | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-16 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 16-35 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 35-60 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 15-20 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 7-11 | 7.0-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 11-80 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

672: | | | | |

 May City-------------| 0-7 | 15-20 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | 0

 | 7-19 | 4.0-15 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0

 | 19-80 | 0.0-6.0 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | 0

 | | | | |

672B: | | | | |

 May City-------------| 0-7 | 15-20 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | 0

 | 7-19 | 4.0-15 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0

 | 19-80 | 0.0-6.0 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | 0

 | | | | |

672C2: | | | | |

 May City, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 15-20 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | 0

 | 7-17 | 4.0-15 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | 0

 | 17-80 | 0.0-6.0 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | 0

 | | | | |

709: | | | | |

 Fairhaven------------| 0-9 | 20-30 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 9-25 | 20-30 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 25-30 | 15-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 30-80 | 0.0-5.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-15 | ---

 | | | | |

733: | | | | |

 Calco----------------| 0-9 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 9-27 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 27-36 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 36-80 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

735: | | | | |

 Havelock-------------| 0-9 | 30-36 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 9-40 | 30-36 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 40-73 | 10-20 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

740D: | | | | |

 Hawick---------------| 0-7 | 1.0-10 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 | ---

 | 7-11 | 1.0-5.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 | ---

 | 11-73 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-15 | ---

 | | | | |

810: | | | | |

 Galva, terrace-------| 0-6 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 6-17 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 17-31 | 36-41 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 31-45 | 36-41 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | 45-60 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 317

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

810B: | | | | |

 Galva, terrace-------| 0-6 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 6-17 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 17-31 | 36-41 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 31-45 | 36-41 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | 45-60 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

828B: | | | | |

 Zenor----------------| 0-8 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-33 | 15-20 | 6.1-8.4 | 0 | ---

 | 33-60 | 3.0-10 | 7.9-8.4 | 0-10 | ---

 | | | | |

828C2: | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-8 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-30 | 15-20 | 6.1-8.4 | 0 | ---

 | 30-60 | 3.0-10 | 7.9-8.4 | 0-10 | ---

 | | | | |

835D2: | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 15-20 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 7-11 | 7.0-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | 11-80 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 15-25 | 5.6-8.4 | 0 | ---

 | 7-24 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 24-60 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

835E2: | | | | |

 Storden, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 11-18 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-25 | ---

 | 7-11 | 9.0-17 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-25 | ---

 | 11-80 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-7 | 15-25 | 5.6-8.4 | 0 | ---

 | 7-24 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 24-60 | 20-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

854D. | | | | |

 Histosols, fens | | | | |

 | | | | |

874: | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine| | | | |

 substratum----------| 0-9 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 9-30 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 30-36 | 5.0-10 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 36-67 | 5.0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 67-80 | 36-50 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | | | | |

874B: | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine| | | | |

 substratum----------| 0-9 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 9-30 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 30-36 | 5.0-10 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 36-67 | 5.0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 67-80 | 36-50 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | | | | |
318 Soil Survey of

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

874C2: | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine| | | | |

 substratum, | | | | |

 moderately eroded---| 0-8 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-30 | 15-20 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 30-36 | 5.0-10 | 5.1-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 36-67 | 5.0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 67-80 | 36-50 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | | | | |

875: | | | | |

 Roine----------------| 0-8 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-48 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 48-52 | 15-20 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 52-59 | 36-41 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | 59-80 | 15-20 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |

875B: | | | | |

 Roine----------------| 0-8 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-48 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 48-52 | 15-20 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 52-59 | 36-41 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | 59-80 | 15-20 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |

875C2: | | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | | |

 eroded--------------| 0-8 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-45 | 15-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 45-52 | 15-20 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | 52-59 | 36-41 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | 59-80 | 15-20 | 5.6-6.5 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |

878: | | | | |

 Ocheyedan------------| 0-7 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-14 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 14-34 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 34-60 | 20-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

878B: | | | | |

 Ocheyedan------------| 0-7 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-14 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 14-34 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 34-60 | 20-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

879: | | | | |

 Fostoria-------------| 0-7 | 25-30 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 7-19 | 25-30 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 19-34 | 15-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-25 | ---

 | 34-80 | 15-25 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-25 | ---

 | | | | |

928: | | | | |

 Annieville-----------| 0-8 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-20 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 20-52 | 36-41 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 52-57 | 12-25 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 57-80 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

928B: | | | | |

 Annieville-----------| 0-8 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-20 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 20-52 | 36-41 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 52-57 | 12-25 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 57-80 | 36-41 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 319

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

992: | | | | |

 Gillett Grove--------| 0-8 | 41-45 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 8-17 | 41-45 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 17-44 | 41-45 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | 44-57 | 36-41 | 7.9-8.4 | 20-30 | ---

 | 57-62 | 30-36 | 7.9-8.4 | 20-30 | ---

 | | | | |

1053: | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum phase| 0-7 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 5-15

 | 7-57 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 10-20

 | 57-80 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 10-20

 | | | | |

1091: | | | | |

 McCreath-------------| 0-6 | 41-45 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 6-17 | 41-45 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 17-35 | 36-41 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | 35-44 | 30-36 | 7.9-8.4 | 15-30 | ---

 | 44-80 | 30-36 | 7.9-8.4 | 15-30 | ---

 | | | | |

1092: | | | | |

 Gillett Grove--------| 0-8 | 41-45 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 8-17 | 41-45 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 17-44 | 41-45 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-25 | ---

 | 44-57 | 36-41 | 7.9-8.4 | 20-30 | ---

 | 57-62 | 30-36 | 7.9-8.4 | 20-30 | ---

 | | | | |

1133: | | | | |

 Colo-----------------| 0-8 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-34 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 34-52 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 52-60 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |

1259: | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional | 0-7 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 7-21 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 21-37 | 12-25 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 37-42 | 5.0-20 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | ---

 | 42-60 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.6-8.4 | 5-30 | ---

 | | | | |

1385: | | | | |

 Ocheda---------------| 0-8 | 41-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 8-20 | 41-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 20-24 | 25-35 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 24-57 | 15-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-15 | ---

 | 57-80 | 25-40 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | ---

 | | | | |

1508: | | | | |

 Belmann--------------| 0-8 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 5-15 | ---

 | 8-16 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 5-15 | ---

 | 16-24 | 36-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 10-20 | ---

 | 24-52 | 36-50 | 5.6-7.3 | 10-20 | ---

 | 52-80 | 36-50 | 5.6-7.3 | 10-20 | ---

 | | | | |

1585: | | | | |

 Spillville-----------| 0-47 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 47-80 | 20-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | | | | |

 Coland---------------| 0-39 | 30-36 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | ---

 | 39-60 | 20-30 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-20 | ---

 | | | | |

5010. | | | | |

 Pits, sand and gravel| | | | |

 | | | | |
320 Soil Survey of

Table 19.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol and | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum

 component name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-|

 | |capacity | | ate | ___________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct | Pct

 | | | | |

5040. | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy | | | | |

 | | | | |

5060. | | | | |

 Pits, clay | | | | |

 | | | | |

AW. | | | | |

 Animal waste | | | | |

 | | | | |

SL. | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon | | | | |

 | | | | |

W. | | | | |

 Water | | | | |

 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________
Clay County, Iowa 321

Table 20.--Water Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Estimates of the frequency of ponding and flooding apply to

 the whole year rather than to individual months. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern

 or that data were not estimated)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

6: | | | | | | | | |

 Okoboji-------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

27B: | | | | | | | | |

 Terril--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

27C: | | | | | | | | |

 Terril--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
322 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

27D: | | | | | | | | |

 Terril--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

31: | | | | | | | | |

 Afton---------------------| C/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

34B: | | | | | | | | |

 Estherville---------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

41C: | | | | | | | | |

 Sparta--------------------| A | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

48: | | | | | | | | |

 Knoke---------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 323

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

54: | | | | | | | | |

 Zook----------------------| C/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Long | Occasional

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

55: | | | | | | | | |

 Nicollet------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

62F: | | | | | | | | |

 Storden-------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

77B: | | | | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

77C: | | | | | | | | |

 Sac-----------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
324 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

77C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Sac, moderately eroded----| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

90: | | | | | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky silty clay | | | | | | | | |

 loam---------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

95: | | | | | | | | |

 Harps---------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

107: | | | | | | | | |

 Webster-------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 325

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

108: | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

108B: | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

133: | | | | | | | | |

 Colo----------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

135: | | | | | | | | |

 Coland--------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

138B: | | | | | | | | |

 Clarion-------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
326 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

138C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately eroded| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

175: | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

175B: | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson-----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

191: | | | | | | | | |

 Rushmore------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | | | | |

 Coland--------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 327

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

201B: | | | | | | | | |

 Terril--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

202: | | | | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 inches | | | | | | | | |

 to sand and gravel-------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

203: | | | | | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 inches | | | | | | | | |

 to sand and gravel-------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

221: | | | | | | | | |

 Klossner------------------| A/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
328 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

259: | | | | | | | | |

 Biscay--------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

274: | | | | | | | | |

 Rolfe---------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

282: | | | | | | | | |

 Ransom--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

308: | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 inches to| | | | | | | | |

 sand and gravel----------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

308B: | | | | | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 inches to| | | | | | | | |

 sand and gravel----------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 329

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

354: | | | | | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), ponded---| --- | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

375: | | | | | | | | |

 Fostoria, lacustrine | | | | | | | | |

 substratum---------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

376F: | | | | | | | | |

 Cornell-------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

379: | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | | | |

 substratum---------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
330 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

379B: | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | | | |

 substratum---------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

379C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, lacustrine | | | | | | | | |

 substratum, moderately | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

384: | | | | | | | | |

 Collinwood----------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

390: | | | | | | | | |

 Waldorf-------------------| C/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 331

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

397: | | | | | | | | |

 Letri---------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

433E: | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

433F: | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

433G: | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

455: | | | | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

456: | | | | | | | | |

 Wilmonton-----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
332 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

485: | | | | | | | | |

 Spillville----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |August |3.5-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |September |3.5-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |October |3.5-5.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

506: | | | | | | | | |

 Wacousta------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

507: | | | | | | | | |

 Canisteo------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

541C: | | | | | | | | |

 Estherville---------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------------| A | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 333

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

559: | | | | | | | | |

 Talcot--------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

577B: | | | | | | | | |

 Everly--------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

577C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately eroded | B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

637D2: | | | | | | | | |

 Everly, moderately eroded | B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately eroded | B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
334 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

638C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately eroded| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately eroded| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

672: | | | | | | | | |

 May City------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

672B: | | | | | | | | |

 May City------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

672C2: | | | | | | | | |

 May City, moderately | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

709: | | | | | | | | |

 Fairhaven-----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

733: | | | | | | | | |

 Calco---------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 335

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

735: | | | | | | | | |

 Havelock------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Occasional

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

740D: | | | | | | | | |

 Hawick--------------------| A | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

810: | | | | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

810B: | | | | | | | | |

 Galva, terrace------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

828B: | | | | | | | | |

 Zenor---------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

828C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately eroded--| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

835D2: | | | | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately eroded| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately eroded | B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

835E2: | | | | | | | | |

 Storden, moderately eroded| B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately eroded | B | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

854D: | | | | | | | | |

 Histosols, fens-----------| --- | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
336 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

874: | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | | | |

 substratum---------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

874B: | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | | | |

 substratum---------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

874C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Dickinson, lacustrine | | | | | | | | |

 substratum, moderately | | | | | | | | |

 eroded-------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

875: | | | | | | | | |

 Roine---------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

875B: | | | | | | | | |

 Roine---------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

875C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Roine, moderately eroded--| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 337

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

878: | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

878B: | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheyedan-----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

879: | | | | | | | | |

 Fostoria------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

928: | | | | | | | | |

 Annieville----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
338 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

928B: | | | | | | | | |

 Annieville----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October | 6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

992: | | | | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

1053: | | | | | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum phase-----| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

1091: | | | | | | | | |

 McCreath------------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 339

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

1092: | | | | | | | | |

 Gillett Grove-------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

1133: | | | | | | | | |

 Colo----------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

1259: | | | | | | | | |

 Biscay, depressional------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief | Rare | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |0.0-1.0| Brief |Occasional| --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

1385: | | | | | | | | |

 Ocheda--------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |
340 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding | | _______________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol and |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 component name |logic | | limit | limit | water | | | |

 |group | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

1508: | | | | | | | | |

 Belmann-------------------| C | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

1585: | | | | | | | | |

 Spillville----------------| B | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |March |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |April |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |May |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |June |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |July |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |August |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |September |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |October |3.5-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |November |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |December |1.0-3.5| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

 Coland--------------------| B/D | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |July |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |August |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |September |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |October |0.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | Very brief | Frequent

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | |

5010. | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, sand and gravel | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

5040. | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

5060. | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, clay | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

AW. | | | | | | | | |

 Animal waste | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

SL. | | | | | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

W. | | | | | | | | |

 Water | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Clay County, Iowa 341

Table 21.--Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry

 indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not

 estimated)

___________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol and |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 component name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete ___________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | |

 | | | | |

6: | | | | |

 Okoboji------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

27B: | | | | |

 Terril-------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

27C: | | | | |

 Terril-------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

27D: | | | | |

 Terril-------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

31: | | | | |

 Afton--------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

34B: | | | | |

 Estherville--------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

41C: | | | | |

 Sparta-------------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

48: | | | | |

 Knoke--------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

54: | | | | |

 Zook---------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

55: | | | | |

 Nicollet-----------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

62F: | | | | |

 Storden------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

77B: | | | | |

 Sac----------------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

77C: | | | | |

 Sac----------------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

77C2: | | | | |

 Sac, moderately | | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

90: | | | | |

 Okoboji mucky | | | | |

 silty clay loam---| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

95: | | | | |

 Harps--------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

107: | | | | |

 Webster------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

108: | | | | |

 Wadena-------------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

108B: | | | | |

 Wadena-------------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |
342 Soil Survey of

Table 21.--Soil Features--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol and |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 component name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete ___________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | |

 | | | | |

133: | | | | |

 Colo---------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

135: | | | | |

 Coland-------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

138B: | | | | |

 Clarion------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

138C2: | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately| | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

175: | | | | |

 Dickinson----------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

175B: | | | | |

 Dickinson----------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

191: | | | | |

 Rushmore-----------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

201B: | | | | |

 Coland-------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Terril-------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

202: | | | | |

 Cylinder, 24 to 32 | | | | |

 inches to sand and| | | | |

 gravel------------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

203: | | | | |

 Cylinder, 32 to 40 | | | | |

 inches to sand and| | | | |

 gravel------------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

221: | | | | |

 Klossner-----------| 2-4 | 25-32 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

259: | | | | |

 Biscay-------------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

274: | | | | |

 Rolfe--------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

282: | | | | |

 Ransom-------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

308: | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | |

 inches to sand and| | | | |

 gravel------------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

308B: | | | | |

 Wadena, 32 to 40 | | | | |

 inches to sand and| | | | |

 gravel------------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

354. | | | | |

 Aquolls (marsh), | | | | |

 ponded | | | | |

 | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 343

Table 21.--Soil Features--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol and |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 component name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete ___________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | |

 | | | | |

375: | | | | |

 Fostoria, | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | |

 substratum--------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

376F: | | | | |

 Cornell------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | |

379: | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | |

 substratum--------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

379B: | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | |

 substratum--------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

379C2: | | | | |

 Ocheyedan, | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | |

 moderately eroded | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

384: | | | | |

 Collinwood---------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

390: | | | | |

 Waldorf------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

397: | | | | |

 Letri--------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

433E: | | | | |

 Moneta-------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

433F: | | | | |

 Moneta-------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

433G: | | | | |

 Moneta-------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

455: | | | | |

 Wilmonton----------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

456: | | | | |

 Wilmonton----------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

485: | | | | |

 Spillville---------| --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

506: | | | | |

 Wacousta-----------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

507: | | | | |

 Canisteo-----------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

541C: | | | | |

 Estherville--------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Hawick-------------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |
344 Soil Survey of

Table 21.--Soil Features--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol and |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 component name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete ___________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | |

 | | | | |

559: | | | | |

 Talcot-------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

577B: | | | | |

 Everly-------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | |

577C2: | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | |

637D2: | | | | |

 Everly, moderately | | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | |

 Moneta, moderately | | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | |

638C2: | | | | |

 Clarion, moderately| | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Storden, moderately| | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

672: | | | | |

 May City-----------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|High.

 | | | | |

672B: | | | | |

 May City-----------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|High.

 | | | | |

672C2: | | | | |

 May City, | | | | |

 moderately eroded | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|High.

 | | | | |

709: | | | | |

 Fairhaven----------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

733: | | | | |

 Calco--------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

735: | | | | |

 Havelock-----------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

740D: | | | | |

 Hawick-------------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

810: | | | | |

 Galva, terrace-----| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | |

810B: | | | | |

 Galva, terrace-----| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | |

828B: | | | | |

 Zenor--------------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

828C2: | | | | |

 Zenor, moderately | | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

835D2: | | | | |

 Storden, moderately| | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |
Clay County, Iowa 345

Table 21.--Soil Features--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol and |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 component name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete ___________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | |

 | | | | |

835D2: | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

835E2: | | | | |

 Storden, moderately| | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Omsrud, moderately | | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

854D. | | | | |

 Histosols, fens | | | | |

 | | | | |

874: | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | |

 substratum--------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

874B: | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | |

 substratum--------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

874C2: | | | | |

 Dickinson, | | | | |

 lacustrine | | | | |

 substratum, | | | | |

 moderately eroded | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

875: | | | | |

 Roine--------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

875B: | | | | |

 Roine--------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

875C2: | | | | |

 Roine, moderately | | | | |

 eroded------------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

878: | | | | |

 Ocheyedan----------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

878B: | | | | |

 Ocheyedan----------| --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

879: | | | | |

 Fostoria-----------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

928: | | | | |

 Annieville---------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | |

928B: | | | | |

 Annieville---------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | |

992: | | | | |

 Gillett Grove------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1053: | | | | |

 Belmann, gypsum | | | | |

 phase-------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|High.

 | | | | |
346 Soil Survey of

Table 21.--Soil Features--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol and |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 component name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete ___________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | |

 | | | | |

1091: | | | | |

 McCreath-----------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Moderate.

 | | | | |

1092: | | | | |

 Gillett Grove------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1133: | | | | |

 Colo---------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1259: | | | | |

 Biscay, | | | | |

 depressional------| --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

1385: | | | | |

 Ocheda-------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1508: | | | | |

 Belmann------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1585: | | | | |

 Spillville---------| --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

 Coland-------------| --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

5010. | | | | |

 Pits, sand and | | | | |

 gravel | | | | |

 | | | | |

5040. | | | | |

 Udorthents, loamy | | | | |

 | | | | |

5060. | | | | |

 Pits, clay | | | | |

 | | | | |

AW. | | | | |

 Animal waste | | | | |

 | | | | |

SL. | | | | |

 Sewage lagoon | | | | |

 | | | | |

W. | | | | |

 Water | | | | |

 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________
Clay County, Iowa 347

Table 22.--Classification of the Soils

(An asterisk in the first column indicates a taxadjunct to the series. See text for a description of

 those characteristics that are outside the range of the series)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Afton--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Annieville---------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

 Belmann------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Endoaquolls

 Biscay-------------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic

 | Endoaquolls

 Calco--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Calcousta----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Canisteo-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Clarion------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

*Clarion------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 Coland-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Collinwood---------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquertic Hapludolls

 Colo---------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Cornell------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Oxyaquic Vertic Argiudolls

 Crippin------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls

 Cylinder-----------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic

 | Hapludolls

 Dickinson----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

*Dickinson----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 Dickman------------------|Sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludolls

 Estherville--------------|Sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludolls

*Estherville--------------|Sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 Everly-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

*Everly-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 Fairhaven----------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic

 | Hapludolls

 Fostoria-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls

 Galva--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

 Gillett Grove------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Guckeen------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquertic Hapludolls

 Hanlon-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls

 Harps--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls

 Havelock-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Hawick-------------------|Sandy, mixed, mesic Entic Hapludolls

*Hawick-------------------|Mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamments

 Klossner-----------------|Loamy, mixed, euic, mesic Terric Medisaprists

 Knoke--------------------|Fine, smectitic, calcareous, mesic Vertic Endoaquolls

 Letri--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 May City-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

*May City-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 McCreath-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls

 Moneta-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Entic Hapludolls

 Nicollet-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls

 Ocheda-------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquertic Hapludolls

 Ocheyedan----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

*Ocheyedan----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 Okoboji------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

*Omsrud-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 Primghar-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls

 Ransom-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls

 Ridgeport----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

 Roine--------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

*Roine--------------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 Rolfe--------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argialbolls

 Rushmore-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Sac----------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludolls

*Sac----------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 |
348

Table 22.--Classification of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Shandep------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Sparta-------------------|Sandy, mixed, mesic Entic Hapludolls

 Spillville---------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls

 Storden------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 Sunburg------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 Talcot-------------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous,

 | mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Terril-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls

 Wacousta-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Wadena-------------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic

 | Hapludolls

 Waldorf------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Epiaquolls

 Webster------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Wilmonton----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls

 Zenor--------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

*Zenor--------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts

 Zook---------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________