FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

JAN 16, 2008

THOMAS K. KAHN

CLERK

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 06-16678

Non-Argument Calendar

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D. C. Docket No. 05-02937-CV-CC-1

MILDRED MCCRAY, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

versus 

JOHN E. POTTER, 

Defendant-Appellee. 

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Georgia

_________________________

(January 16, 2008)

Before ANDERSON, CARNES and BARKETT, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Mildred McCray, an employee of the United States Postal Service
 The Postal Service responded to McCray’s complaint with a motion to dismiss or, 1

alternatively, a motion for summary judgment. McCray did not respond to the Postal Service’s

motion but instead filed her own motion for summary judgment.

 Considering our disposition of this appeal, we find that the district court did not abuse 2

its discretion in declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over McCray’s state law claims

because all other claims over which the court had original jurisdiction were dismissed. See

Raney v. Allstate Ins. Co., 370 F.3d 1086, 1088-89 (11th Cir. 2004). “We have encouraged

district courts to dismiss any remaining state claims when . . . the federal claims have been

dismissed prior to trial.” Raney, 370 F.3d at 1089; see also 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c).

 We need not address issues on appeal beyond those that decide the case. See In re Club 3

Assocs., 956 F.2d 1065, 1068 n.9 (11th Cir. 1994). 

2

proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s decision to dismiss her complaint

alleging employment discrimination under Title VII for failure to state a claim

under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) or, alternatively, to deny her cross-motion for

summary judgment. McCray also appeals the district court’s refusal to exercise 1

supplemental jurisdiction over her state law claims. On appeal, McCray argues

that her claims should not have been dismissed. Alternatively, she argues that her

case should have been allowed to proceed because the Postal Service provided no

evidence to disprove her claims. Liberally construed, she also argues that she

should be allowed to proceed on her state law tort claims. Because we find that 2

even under the most liberal construction of McCray’s complaint she has failed to

make out a claim for relief under Title VII, we affirm the dismissal of her

complaint.3

We review a district court order granting a motion to dismiss pursuant to
 We of course are also mindful of McCray’s pro se status and accordingly hold her 4

pleadings to a less stringent standard. Tannenbaum v. United States, 148 F.3d 1262, 1263 (11th

Cir. 1998). We note that the magistrate court below showed significant effort at its hearing on

the motion to dismiss to develop McCray’s complaint and understand the basis of her

discrimination claim. We are confident that, even though McCray did not have the assistance of

counsel, the court afforded her every opportunity to present her arguments. 

3

Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted

de novo. Chepstow Ltd. v. Hunt, 381 F.3d 1077, 1080 (11th Cir. 2004) (citation

omitted). In discussing a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, we have held many

times that “the pleadings are construed broadly,” e.g., Levine v. World Fin.

Network Nat’l Bank, 437 F.3d 1118, 1120 (11th Cir. 2006), and that the

allegations in the complaint are viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff,

4

e.g., Chepstow Ltd., 381 F.3d at 1080. However, “a formulaic recitation of the

elements of a cause of action will not do.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, ___

U.S. ___, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 1965 (2007). The “[f]actual allegations must be enough

to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Id. The Supreme Court’s

most recent formulation of the standard is that the complaint must have “enough

factual matter (taken as true) to suggest” the required elements. Id. The Court

instructed that the rule “does not impose a probability requirement at the pleading

stage,” but instead “simply calls for enough fact to raise a reasonable expectation

that discovery will reveal evidence of” the necessary elements. Id. 

Title VII makes it unlawful for an employer “to discharge any individual, or
4

otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation,

terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race,

color, religion, sex, or national origin.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a) (emphasis added). 

The plaintiff in an employment discrimination lawsuit must show that an adverse

employment action was related to an employer’s discriminatory animus towards

the employee based on a protected characteristic. Stimpson v. City of Tuscaloosa,

186 F.3d 1328, 1331 (11th Cir. 1999). Title VII does not encompass every

tribulation a worker may experience in the workplace, but instead only proscribes

employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. 

See, e.g., Gilchrist v. Bolger, 733 F.2d 1551, 1553-54 (11th Cir. 1984).

McCray failed to state a valid Title VII claim because she did not allege that

any discriminatory act was taken because of her race, color, religion, sex, or

national origin. McCray’s complaint alleged that her employer “fail[ed] to provide

[her] with the equal rights, opportunities, and the distress relief that [she]

requested[,] repeatedly causing [her] illness and losses.” She alleged

discriminatory conduct in the form of “abusive service as an employee of the

United States Postal Service.” Her form complaint selected “other” as her category

of discrimination (from among race, religion, sex, national origin, and other). At

its hearing, the magistrate court asked McCray whether she felt the abuse she
 On appeal, McCray also argues that she should be allowed to amend her complaint. 5

However, an amendment would be futile because McCray’s testimony at oral argument revealed

that she did not believe her abuse to be related to or because of any Title VII protected status,

and she has not demonstrated any other basis for relief on appeal. See Brewer-Giorgio v.

Producers Video, Inc., 216 F.3d 1281, 1284 (11th Cir. 2000) (motion to amend may be denied if

amendment is futile). Additionally, undisputed evidence showed that McCray's claim was

barred by Title VII’s 90 day statute of limitations following final agency action: the EEOC

issued its notice of final action to McCray on October 30, 2003, more than two years before she

filed the present complaint in the Northern District of Georgia on November 3, 2005. 42 U.S.C.

§ 2000e-16(c) (requiring plaintiff to file suit within 90 days of receipt of notice of final action);

Zillyette v. Capital One Fin. Corp., 179 F.3d 1337, 1339 (11th Cir. 1999).

 The Appellant’s request for oral argument is DENIED. 6

5

suffered was because of her sex, race, religion, or national origin; McCray did not

indicate she felt discriminated against because of any protected status under Title

VII. Put simply, Title VII does not protect McCray from the kinds of

discrimination she alleged. The district court therefore did not err in granting the

Postal Service’s Rule 12(b)(6) motion for failure to state a claim.5

AFFIRMED.6