## Literature

#### PubMed

PubMed® comprises more than 37 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

### Featured Bookshelf titles

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Araki T, editor.

LiverTox

Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Browse the Bookshelf

### Literature databases

Bookshelf
Books and reports

MeSH
Ontology used for PubMed indexing

NLM Catalog
Books, journals and more in the NLM Collections

PubMed
Scientific and medical abstracts/citations

PubMed Central
Full-text journal articles

## Data

### Genes

Gene sequences and annotations used as references for the study of orthologs structure, expression, and evolution

Gene
Collected information about gene loci

GEO DataSets
Functional genomics studies

GEO Profiles
Gene expression and molecular abundance profiles

PopSet
Sequence sets from phylogenetic and population studies

### Proteins

Protein sequences, 3-D structures, and tools for the study of functional protein domains and active sites

Conserved Domains
Conserved protein domains

Identical Protein Groups
Protein sequences grouped by identity

Protein
Protein sequences

Protein Family Models
Models representing homologous proteins with a common function

Structure
Experimentally-determined biomolecular structures

### BLAST

A tool to find regions of similarity between biological sequences

blastn
Search nucleotide sequence databases

blastp
Search protein sequence databases

blastx
Search protein databases using a translated nucleotide query

tblastn
Search translated nucleotide databases using a protein query

Primer-BLAST
Find primers specific to your PCR template

### Genomes

Genome sequence assemblies, large-scale functional genomics data, and source biological samples

Assembly
Genome assembly information

BioCollections
Museum, herbaria, and other biorepository collections

BioProject
Biological projects providing data to NCBI

BioSample
Descriptions of biological source materials

Genome
Genome sequencing projects by organism

Nucleotide
DNA and RNA sequences

SRA
High-throughput sequence reads

Taxonomy
Taxonomic classification and nomenclature

### Clinical

Heritable DNA variations, associations with human pathologies, and clinical diagnostics and treatments

ClinicalTrials.gov
Privately and publicly funded clinical studies conducted around the world

ClinVar
Human variations of clinical significance

dbGaP
Genotype/phenotype interaction studies

dbSNP
Short genetic variations

dbVar
Genome structural variation studies

GTR
Genetic testing registry

MedGen
Medical genetics literature and links

OMIM
Online mendelian inheritance in man

### PubChem

Repository of chemical information, molecular pathways, and tools for bioactivity screening

BioAssays
Bioactivity screening studies

Compounds
Chemical information with structures, information and links

Pathways
Molecular pathways with links to genes, proteins and chemicals

Substances
Deposited substance and chemical information

## News

### Research news

The ScientistAUG. 13, 2024

#### Study Reveals a Cell-Eat-Cell World

From normal vertebrate development to tumor cell cannibalism, cell-in-cell events occur in many different contexts across the tree of life

The ScientistAUG. 8, 2024

#### Researchers Bioengin-Ear Tissue Scaffolds to Human Scale

A new approach to sculpting human-like ears merges 3D printing, xenografts, and tissue engineering.

NPR NewsAUG. 8, 2024

#### Do cats experience grief? New research suggests they might

Joe Hernandez
Researchers from Oakland University surveyed hundreds of cat caregivers and found that cats exhibited behaviors associated with grief after a fellow cat or dog in the household died.

More news

### Recent blog posts

NCBI InsightsYESTERDAY

#### Updated Genomes Terminology! “Representative Genome” is Replaced with “Reference Genome”

NCBI is streamlining the terminology around our reference genomes. We currently have a small set of genomes collectively called representatives and an even smaller set called references. We have slowly converged on the term reference to refer to both sets.   A genome is labeled reference if it is deemed to be the best available genome … Continue reading Updated Genomes Terminology! “Representative Genome” is Replaced with “Reference Genome”→

NIH Director's BlogSEPT. 24, 2024

#### Welcoming Senator Reed and Congressional Staff to the NIH Campus

On September 13, I was delighted to welcome Senator Jack Reed to the NIH campus. His tour included a visit to the NIH Clinical Center, where he heard about recent findings in RNA sequencing from experts from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Human Genome Research Institute. We then joined several senior leaders and scientists from the National Cancer Institute to discuss advances in childhood cancer research, and to visit a pediatric oncology lab and meet with a patient who received treatment there.

NCBI InsightsSEPT. 24, 2024

#### Access Public Reports of Foreign Contamination Screen (FCS) Tool Results

Do you use genomes from NCBI and are concerned they may contain contaminant sequences? Now you can view reports generated for all prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes with NCBI’s quality assurance tool, Foreign Contamination Screen (FCS), to better understand possible issues that may affect your studies.   What reports are available?  Summary reports to select better assemblies … Continue reading Access Public Reports of Foreign Contamination Screen (FCS) Tool Results→