NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

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No. 14-4089

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PBS COALS, INC.; ROCKWOOD CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY,

Petitioners

v.

DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION PROGRAMS,

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR; KENNETH A. DAVIS,

 Respondents

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On Petition for Review of an Order of the 

Benefits Review Board

(BRB-1: 13-0545 BLA) 

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Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)

July 17, 2015

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Before: SMITH, GREENAWAY, JR., and SHWARTZ, Circuit Judges.

(Opinion Filed: July 20, 2015)

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OPINION

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 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not 

constitute binding precedent.
2

GREENAWAY, JR., Circuit Judge.

PBS Coals Inc. (“PBS”) and Rockwood Casualty Insurance Company, PBS’s

insurance carrier, (collectively, “Petitioners”) petition for review of a decision and order 

of the Benefits Review Board (the “Board”) granting coal miner Kenneth Davis

(“Respondent” or “Davis”) benefits under the Black Lung Benefits Act (the “Act”). 30 

U.S.C. § 901 et seq.

1 We will deny the petition for review.

Davis was employed in the above-ground coal mining industry for twenty-four 

years. He timely filed a Miner’s Claim for Benefits under the Act in April 2010. PBS 

timely requested a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”), and the ALJ

found that Davis established the existence of clinical pneumoconiosis based on x-ray 

evidence, pursuant to 20 C.F.R. § 718.202(a)(1). This invoked the rebuttable 

presumption of total disability due to pneumoconiosis set forth in Section 411(c)(4), 30 

U.S.C. § 921(c)(4).

2

 Once the presumption is invoked, it may be rebutted by establishing 

that the miner does not have pneumoconiosis or “that no part of the miner’s respiratory or 

pulmonary total disability was caused by pneumoconiosis as defined in [20 C.F.R.] 

§ 718.201.” 20 C.F.R. § 718.305(d)(1). The ALJ concluded that PBS did not rebut the 

Section 411(c)(4) presumption because it failed to rule out coal dust as a cause of Davis’s

 

1 Under the Act, black lung benefits are provided “for or on behalf of miners who 

are totally disabled due to pneumoconiosis.” 20 C.F.R. § 718.204(a). “[P]neumoconiosis 

means a chronic dust disease of the lung and its sequelae, including respiratory and 

pulmonary impairments, arising out of coal mine employment.” Id. § 718.201(a).

2 The ALJ determined that Davis had at least fifteen years of qualifying coal mining 

employment and that the medical opinion evidence established that Davis has a totally 

disabling respiratory or pulmonary impairment pursuant to 20 C.F.R. § 718.204(b)(2)(iv).
3

totally disabling impairment. On appeal, the Board affirmed the ALJ’s conclusion that 

PBS failed to rebut the Section 411(c)(4) presumption.

This timely petition for review followed.3 On appeal, PBS’s sole contention is 

that the ALJ should have found that PBS established that Davis’s impairment did not 

arise from his coal mine employment. “[W]e must independently review the record ‘and 

decide whether the ALJ’s findings are supported by substantial evidence.’” Kertesz v. 

Crescent Hills Coal Co., 788 F.2d 158, 163 (3d Cir. 1986) (quoting Walker v. Universal 

Terminal & Stevedoring Corp., 645 F.2d 170, 172 (3d Cir. 1981)).

4

“Under Third Circuit precedents, in order to rebut a presumption of 

pneumoconiosis . . . the party opposing the award of benefits must ‘rule out a possible

causal connection between a miner’s disability and his coal mine employment.’” Plesh v. 

Dir., OWCP, 71 F.3d 103, 113 (3d Cir. 1995) (quoting Kline v. Dir., OWCP, 877 F.2d 

 

3

“We have jurisdiction over the [Board]’s final order pursuant to 33 U.S.C. 

§ 921(c), as incorporated by 30 U.S.C. § 932(a).” Labelle Processing Co. v. Swarrow, 72 

F.3d 308, 310 (3d Cir. 1995).

4 Board determinations are reviewed only “for errors of law and to assure that it has 

adhered to its own standard of review.” BethEnergy Mines, Inc. v. Dir., OWCP, 39 F.3d 

458, 462–63 (3d Cir. 1994). The decision of the ALJ must be affirmed by the Board if it 

is supported by substantial evidence and is in accordance with the law. See 33 U.S.C. 

§ 921(b)(3); Oravitz v. Dir., OWCP, 843 F.2d 738, 739 (3d Cir. 1988). Appellate review 

thus necessarily entails an independent review of the record and a decision as to whether 

the ALJ’s findings are supported by substantial evidence. Walker, 645 F.2d at 172. 

Substantial evidence is defined as “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might 

accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 

(1971); Kertesz, 788 F.2d at 163.
4

1175, 1179 (3d Cir. 1989)).5 PBS argues that the testimony of its experts Dr. Gregory 

Fino and Dr. Peter Kaplan satisfied its burden to “rule out” coal dust exposure as a cause 

of Davis’s disability. However, this is directly contradicted by the expert testimony 

itself. Dr. Fino testified that the effect of coal mine dust was “not clinically significant” 

but that it “may be contributing [to] a numerical reduction in FEV1.”6 App. 88. On 

cross-examination, Dr. Kaplan testified that coal dust contributed to “ten percent” of 

Davis’s disability. App. 165–66. 

Having determined that substantial evidence supports the decision of the ALJ, we 

also conclude that the Board properly applied its scope of review, and did not err by 

affirming the ALJ’s award of benefits to Davis. For the foregoing reasons, we will deny 

the petition for review.

 

5 The language of the regulation applicable here requires a showing that “no part of 

the miner’s respiratory or pulmonary total disability was caused by pneumoconiosis.” 

This language is effectively identical to the regulatory language at issue in Plesh; as such

the “rule out” standard applies. See W.Va. CWP Fund v. Bender, 782 F.3d 129, 133–35 

(4th Cir. 2015); Antelope Coal Co./Rio Tinto Energy Am. v. Goodin, 743 F.3d 1331, 1337 

(10th Cir. 2014).

6 FEV1 is a common pulmonary function study that measures “forced expiratory 

volume in one [] second.” App. 25.