Office of Research and DevelopmentPhoto image area measures 2” H x 6.93” W and can be masked by acollage strip of one, two or three images.The photo image area is located 3.19” from left and3.81” from top of page.Each image used in collage should be reduced or cropped to a maximum of2” high, stroked with a 1.5 pt white frame and positioned edge-to-edge withaccompanying images.Final Briefing Oct 1 2010M Ian Gilmour Ph.D. & Bill Linak Ph.D.Acute Toxicity Testing in MiceExposed by Inhalation to DilutedWoodsmoke EmissionsNYSERDA PON 1156Co-Investigators:Seung-Hyun Cho (ORISE)Charly King (ARCADIS)Todd Krantz NHEERTiffany Yelverton (NCSU)Photos: K. Blanchard, EPA/OAQPSTechnical team:Mary Daniels, Liz Boykin, Jim Lehmann, Rick Jaskot,JudyRichards, Wanda Williams, Cary Copeland, Lisa Copeland,Debbie Andrews, Gaynelle McGee, Don DoerflerFinal Briefing Oct 1 20101OWHH Test MatrixTable 1. Device/Fuel Testing MatrixDeviceSeasonedred oakUnseasonedwhite pineMixed scrapwoodsCordwood+ refusewCorn/Wood PelletsCentral BoilerCL5036xy xy xy xyCentral Boiler E2300 xAdvanced ClimateTechnologies orWoodmaster 900 DF(pellets)xAlternative FuelBoilers (split-log)xw :Refuse composition based on NYSERDA surveys (Lemieux et al.).x: Tests are triplicates.y: Inhalation tests, assay tests.YYYFinal Briefing Oct 1 20102CO Concentration Evolution over Time, Diluted

3 / 2 5 / 0 9 9 : 3 3 P M

3 / 2 6 / 0 9 1 : 0 4 A M

3 / 2 6 / 0 9 4 : 4 1 A M

3 / 2 6 / 0 9 8 : 1 1 A M

3 / 2 6 / 0 9 1 1 : 4 2 A M

3 / 2 6 / 0 9 3 : 1 2 P M0100020003000400050006000700080009000

CO Concentration (ppm)Time (EDT)Animal studiesconducted at lowemission(smoldering)conditionActive burningFinal Briefing Oct 1 2010Wood Smoke Exposure SystemPTHEPA/charcoalfilterDilution coneRoom air(dilution)PTPOrifice metersControlPTPNon-filtered WSPTPFiltered WSExhaustPExhaustElectrostatic PrecipitatorAnimalInhalationChamber•Bulk PM SampleEach Chamber•Continuous Emission Monitoring(Particle size distribution, TEOM,O2, CO, SO2, NO, NO2, NOx, HC,ATOF-MS, Aethalometer)•Filter PM Samples(PM mass, inorganics,Organic/Elemental carbon)Dilution tunnelPMfilterFigure 1Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Exposure Profile for WS-1Commercial Boiler 5036 Exposure 04-08-200905001000150020002500300035005:45 6:57 8:09 9:21 10:33 11:45smoke ug/m3filter ug/m3CO in ppm4850525456585:45 6:57 8:09 9:21 10:33 11:45CO in ppmFigure 2Final Briefing Oct 1 2010WS1: Central Boiler 50360.00E+005.00E+041.00E+051.50E+052.00E+052.50E+053.00E+053.50E+054.00E+054.50E+055.00E+0510 100 1000 10000log Diameter (nanometer)

dN/dlogDp (#/cm3/nm)Unfiltered Wood SmokeFiltered Wood SmokeAirFigure 3Particle Sizing for WS-1Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Exposure Summary for WS-1Units Air Filtered UnfilteredPM Concentration (TEOM)mg/m3NM 0.06±0.11 1.83±0.52PM Concentration (filter)mg/m30.18±0.02 0.002±0.08 2.61±0.14Carbon Monoxide (CO) ppmNM NM 53.9±0.02Carbon Dioxide (CO2) %NM NM 0.066±0.27Oxygen (O2) %NM NM 20.1±0.01Nitrogen Oxide (NO) ppmNM NM 0.049±0.002Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ppmNM NM 0.013±0.002Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) ppmNM NM 0.0±0.00BC Concentrationμg/m30.13±0.05 0.35±0.06 46.88±6.65OC/TC wt. ratio1.0 1.0 0.93±0.01EC/TC wt. ratio0 0 0.07±0.01NM - not measuredWS1: Central Boiler 5036*Values given as mean value plus/minus standard errorTable 1Final Briefing Oct 1 2010MAC'SD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050000100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000500000550000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cellsNeutrophils WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24025005000750010000125001500017500AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cells/mlLYMPHD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050010001500200025003000350040004500AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cellsEOSD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2401000200030004000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cellsWS-1 Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage FluidMacrophagesNeutrophilsLymphocytesEosinophilsPulmonary Cell Populations for WS-1Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Ferritin WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075100125150175AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ng/mlGGT WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/lLDH WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075100AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/lMIA WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24051015202530354045AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/mlNAG WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24012345678AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/lProtein WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/mlWS-1BALBiochemFerratinFerritinGamma glutamyl transferaseLactate dehydrogenaseMicroalbuminN-acetylglucosamineTotal ProteinPulmonary Biochemistry for WS-1Final Briefing Oct 1 2010IL-6 WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075100125AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlMIP-2 WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2405101520253035AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlIL-1βWS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400500600700800AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlTNF-αWS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlWS-1 BALCytokinesInterleukin-6Macrophageinflammatoryprotein-2Interleukin-1βN < 4Tumor NecrosisFactor-αPulmonary Cytokines for WS-1Final Briefing Oct 1 2010TNF-αWS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlTumor Necrosis Factor-αTNF –alpha for WS-1**Final Briefing Oct 1 2010WBC WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24012345AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

10 3 / μ lRBC WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24012345678AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

10 6 / μ lHgb WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24051015AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

g/dLHct WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24010203040AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

%MCV WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240510152025303540455055AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

fLMCH WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2405101520AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pgMCHC WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24010203040AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

g/dLPlt WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400500600700800900100011001200AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

10 3 / μ lLYN WS-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

10 3 / μ lWS-1Whole BloodWhite Blood CellsRed Blood CellsHemoglobinHematocritMeancorpuscularvolumeMeancorpuscularhemoglobinMeancorpuscularhemoglobinconcentrationPlateletN < 4LymphocytesHematology for WS-1Final Briefing Oct 1 2010AATD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlASTD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240200400600AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/LCHOLD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24020406080100120140AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlCKD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100020003000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/LCRPD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2405101520253035AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/mlFerritinD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2402004006008001000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ng/mlHPTD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlIROND1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/dlLD-1D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lWS-1Blood SerumLDHD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400500600700800900100011001200AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lTRFD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlUIBCD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWS

ug/dlN<4Alpha 1 antitrypsinN < 4AminoaspartastetransferaseCholesterolCreatine kinaseC-reactive proteinN < 4FerritinHaptoglobinN < 4IronLD1-isoenzymeLactatedehydrogenaseTransferrinUnsaturatediron bindingcapacitySerum Biochemistry for WS-1Final Briefing Oct 1 2010CKD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100020003000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/LCreatine kinaseFigure 5Creatine Kinase for WS-1*Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Exposure Summary for WS-2Units Air Filtered UnfilteredPM Concentration (TEOM)mg/m3NM 0.02±0.21 0.79±0.45PM Concentration (filter)mg/m30.009±0.009 0.007±0.02 0.86±0.09Carbon Monoxide (CO) ppmNM NM 36.75±0.12Carbon Dioxide (CO2) %NM NM 0.26±0.002Oxygen (O2) %NM NM 20.18±0.01Nitrogen Oxide (NO) ppmNM NM 0.32±0.01Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ppmNM NM 0.08±0.001Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) ppmNM NM 0.0±0.00BC Concentrationμg/m30.15** 0.11** 48.35±8.97OC/TC wt. ratio1.0 0.99±0.002 0.94±0.002EC/TC wt. ratio0 0.0038±0.0023 0.062±0.0028NM - not measured**Only one measurement takenWS2: Central Boiler E-Classic 2300*Values given as mean value plus/minus standard errorFinal Briefing Oct 1 2010Exposure Profile for WS-2Commercial Boiler E Classic 2300 Exposure 5-21-2009050010001500200025003000350040003:36 4:04 4:33 5:02 5:31 6:00 6:28 6:57 7:26 7:55 8:24smoke ug/m3filter ug/m3CO in ppm0204060801001201401603:36 4:04 4:33 5:02 5:31 6:00 6:28 6:57 7:26 7:55 8:24CO in ppmFinal Briefing Oct 1 2010WS2: Central Boiler E-Classic 23000.00E+005.00E+041.00E+051.50E+052.00E+052.50E+053.00E+053.50E+0510100100010000log Diameter (nm)

dN/dlogDp (#/cm3/nm)Unfiltered Wood SmokeFiltered Wood SmokeAirParticle Sizing for WS-2Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Macrophages WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050000100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000500000550000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cells/mlNeutrophils WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24025005000750010000125001500017500AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cells/mlLymphocytes WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050010001500200025003000350040004500AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cells/mlEosinophils WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2405001000150020002500300035004000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cells/mlMacrophagesNeutrophilsLymphocytesEosinophilsWS-2 Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage FluidAppendix 2aPulmonary Cell Populations for WS-2Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Ferritin WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075100125150175AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ng/mlGGT WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/lLDH WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075100AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/lMIA WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24051015202530354045AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/mlNAG WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24012345678AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/lProtein WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/mlWS-2BAL BiochemFerritinGGTLactate dehydrogenaseMicroalbuminN-acetylglucosamineTotal ProteinGamma glutamyl transferasePulmonary Biochemistry for WS-2Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Ferritin WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075100125150175AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ng/mlFerritinFigure 8Pulmonary Ferritin for WS-2**Final Briefing Oct 1 2010IL-6 WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075100125AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlMIP-2 WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2405101520253035AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlIL-1βWS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400500600700800AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlTNF-αWS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlWS-2BAL CytokinesInterleukin-6Macrophageinflammatoryprotein-2Interleukin-1βTumor Necrosis Factor-αN < 4Pulmonary Cytokines for WS-2Final Briefing Oct 1 2010AAT WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlAST WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400500600AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lCK WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050010001500200025003000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lCRP WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2405101520253035AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/mlCHOL WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240102030405060708090100110120130140AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlLD-1 WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lIRON WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/dlFerritin WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2402505007501000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ng/mlLDH WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400500600700800900100011001200AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lTRF WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlUIBC WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/dlWS-2Blood PlasmaMost of HPT data werebelow the detection limitAlpha 1 antitrypsinN < 4AminoaspartastetransferaseCholesterolCreatine kinaseC-reactiveproteinFerritinHaptoglobinN < 4IronLD1-isoenzymeLactatedehydrogenaseTransferrinUnsaturatediron bindingcapacityWS-2Blood SerumSerum Biochemistry for WS-2Final Briefing Oct 1 2010CK WS-2D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050010001500200025003000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lCreatine kinaseSerum Creatine Kinase for WS-2*Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Exposure Summary for WS-3Units Air Filtered UnfilteredPM Concentration (TEOM)mg/m3NM 0.25±0.39 0.42±0.33PM Concentration (filter)mg/m30.03±0.01 0.02±0.02 0.96±0.33Carbon Monoxide (CO) ppmNM NM 36.6±0.10Carbon Dioxide (CO2) %NM NM 0.79±0.004Oxygen (O2) %NM NM 20.7±0.016Nitrogen Oxide (NO) ppmNM NM 0.58±0.01Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ppmNM NM 0.12±0.004Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) ppmNM NM 0.0±0.00BC Concentrationμg/m30.08±0.02 0.98±0.87 245.19±63.98OC/TC wt. ratio0.93±0.04 0.99±0.002 0.40±0.07EC/TC wt. ratio0.08±0.048 0.01±0.002 0.60±0.08NM - not measuredWS3: ACT Pellet Boiler 900*Values given as mean value plus/minus standard errorFinal Briefing Oct 1 2010Exposure Profile for WS-3CO in ppm0204060801001201408:38 9:50 11:02 12:14 13:26CO in ppmPellet Boiler Exposure 6-16-20090100020003000400050008:38 9:50 11:02 12:14 13:26smoke ug/m3filter ug/m3Figure 10Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Particle Sizing for WS-3WS3: ACT Pellet Boiler 9000.00E+005.00E+041.00E+051.50E+052.00E+052.50E+053.00E+053.50E+054.00E+054.50E+0510100100010000log Diameter (nm)

dN/dlogDp (#/cm3/nm)Unfiltered Wood SmokeFiltered Wood SmokeAirFinal Briefing Oct 1 2010WS-3 MACD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050000100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000500000550000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cells/mlWS-3 NeutrophilsD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24025005000750010000125001500017500AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cells/mlWS-3 LYMD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050010001500200025003000350040004500AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cells/mlWS-3 EOSD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2401000200030004000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cells/mlMacrophagesNeutrophilsLymphocytesEosinophilsWS-3 Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage FluidPulmonary Biochemistry for WS-3Final Briefing Oct 1 2010WS-3 MACD1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050000100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000500000550000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

# cells/mlMacrophagesPulmonary Macrophages for WS-3***Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Ferritin WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075100125150175AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ng/mlGGT WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/lLDH WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075100AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/lMIA WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24051015202530354045AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/mlNAG WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24012345678AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

U/lProtein WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/mlWS-3BAL BiochemFerritinGGTLactate dehydrogenaseMicroalbuminN-acetylglucosamineTotal ProteinGamma glutamyl transferasePulmonary Biochemistry for WS-3Final Briefing Oct 1 2010IL-6 WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075100125AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlMIP-2 WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2405101520253035AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlIL-1βWS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400500600700800AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlTNF-αWS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240255075AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

pg/mlWS-3BAL CytokinesInterleukin-6Macrophageinflammatoryprotein-2Interleukin-1βN < 4Tumor NecrosisFactor-αAppendix 3cPulmonary Cytokines for WS-3Final Briefing Oct 1 2010AAT WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlAST WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240200400600AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lCHOL WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240102030405060708090100110120130140AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlCK WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050010001500200025003000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lCRP WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2405101520253035AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/mlFerritin WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-2402004006008001000AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ng/mlHPT WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlIRON WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/dlLD-1 WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lLDH WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300400500600700800900100011001200AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lTRF WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

mg/dlUIBC WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-24050100150200250300350AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

ug/dlWS-3Blood PlasmaAlpha 1 antitrypsinN < 4Amino aspartastetransferaseN < 4CholesterolCreatine kinaseC-reactiveproteinFerritinN < 4HaptoglobinN < 4IronLD1-isoenzymeLactatedehydrogenaseTransferrinUnsaturatediron bindingcapacityWS-3Blood SerumSerum Biochemistry for WS-3Final Briefing Oct 1 2010LD-1 WS-3D1-0D1-4D1-24D3-0D3-4D3-240100200300AirFWSUFWSTime after exposure (day-hour)

u/lLD1-isoenzymeFigure 13Serum LD-1 for WS-3Final Briefing Oct 1 2010Toxicity Testing Summary•2 mg/m-3 concentration was achieved for WS-1 (central boiler) but only ~1mg/m-3 could be achieved for the E Classic and ACTpellet burner undersimilar CO constraints.•Red oak emitted more organic carbon than elementalcarbon as compared towood pellet that emitted comparable level of elemental and organic carbon.•Changing boiler CL5036 to E-classic 2300 did not change the ratio ofelemental carbon to total carbon at smoldering combustion conditions•WS-1 had higher than normal lung biochemical and cytokine values for aircontrols.•WS-1 showed increases in TNF-αin lung and creatine kinase in serumimmediately following 3 days of exposure•WS-2 had increased levels of ferritin in lung and creatine kinase in serum•WS-3 had higher numbers of macrophages in the lung24 hours after a 1 and3 day exposure and increases in LD-1 in plasmaFinal Briefing Oct 1 2010Toxicity Testing Conclusions•Results are consistent with previous reports that exposure towoodsmoke causes mild pulmonary inflammation and sporadicalterations in plasma markers (LD1 and CK) indicative of systemicinflammation.•There was no clear indication that these mild effects were caused byvapor phase and gaseous components versus the completelyunfiltered emission.•No direct comparisons could be made between the Central boiler, andthe E classic 2300 and pellet boilers, because of differences inexposure concentration and possible confounding aircontrol data.•Compared to the other emissions the black carbon from the pelletboiler induced an influx of pulmonary cells consistent with particleloading in the respiratory tract