ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ON DECOMMISSIONING LESSONS LEAR

TITLE AUTHOR(S) ABSTRACT/SUMMARY PUB. 

YEAR 

AVAILABI

NUREG/CR-3587 

Identification and 

Evaluation of 

Facilitation Techniques 

for Decommissioning 

Light Water Power 

Reactors 

LaGuardia, T.S., 

and Risley, J.F. 

for the U.S. 

Nuclear 

Regulatory 

Commission 

This report provides practical 

recommendations to facilitate 

decommissioning operations while 

considering the implementation 

effects on plant design, operations, 

present technology, safety and 

costs in all phases of power plant 

life. 

1986 To request copies of this r

here: 

TR-106148 

Shoreham 

Decommissioning: 

Project Summary And 

Lessons Learned 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report is a summary of utility 

experience in decommissioning 

the Shoreham BWR. This report 

includes experience gained and 

lessons learned in adapting to the 

evolving site release criteria. 

1996 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-107916 

Trojan PWR 

Decommissioning: 

Large Component 

Removal Project 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report describes the removal 

and disposal of the steam 

generators and pressurizer from 

the Trojan nuclear power plant, 

carried out in 1996 as the first 

phase of Trojan decommissioning. 

1997 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-107917-V1 

Yankee Rowe 

Decommissioning 

Experience Record: 

Volume 1 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report describes the 

decommissioning of Yankee 

Rowe. It covers most of the 

work completed by September 

1997. 

1997 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-107917-V2 

Yankee Rowe 

Decommissioning 

Experience Record 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report describes the 

decommissioning of Yankee 

Rowe. It updates Volume 1 and 

completes the majority of the 

experience record, covering all 

those items that do not have 

1998 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep
outstanding actions. 

TR-107979 

Fort St. Vrain 

Decommissioning: 

Final Site Radiation 

Survey-Summary 

Report and Lessons 

Learned 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report describes the final step 

in the process of decommissioning 

the Fort St. Vrain nuclear power 

plant. It formed the legal basis for 

the termination of the nuclear 

license, which occurred in 1997. 

1998 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-110006 

Proceedings: First 

EPRI/NEI 

Decommissioning 

Workshop 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This workshop, held in San 

Antonio in December 1997, 

provided a forum for utility 

representatives and selected 

vendors to exchange information 

related to decommissioning. 

1998 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-111596 

Proceedings: 

Concrete 

Decontamination 

Technology 

Workshop 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This workshop, held in 

Greenfield, Massachusetts in 

September 1998, provided a 

forum for utility representatives 

to demonstrate and exchange 

information about concrete 

decontamination techniques. 

1998 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

Decommissioning 

Successes at Rocky 

Flats Environmental 

Technology Site. 

Crawford, A.C., 

Hughes, F.P, 

Trice, K.D. , 

Wolf, H.C., 

Wheeler, M. 

This paper discusses some of the 

successes and challenges during 

the decommissioning and 

decontamination of Building 779, 

a cluster of 13 buildings located at 

the Rocky Flats Environmental 

Technology Site. 

1999 Available through proce

American Nuclear Society 

November 1

For further information on t

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Decommissioning cost 

recovery in the United 

States: Lessons learned 

from Connecticut 

Yankee Nuclear Power 

Plant 

Joosten, J. The international audience at the 

7th. International Conference on 

Nuclear Engineering is already 

familiar with the roles of the 

owner and the NRC in ensuring 

the technical and safety 

performance goals of nuclear plant 

decommissioning. This paper 

1999 Available through proce

International Conferen

Engineering. in Tokyo, J
addresses the role of the economic 

regulator since the pursuit of 

technical and safety goals must 

necessarily carry with them -a 

price tag- and owners must be 

concerned with the recovery of 

those costs. The Connecticut 

Yankee case thus provides 

valuable insights into the role of 

economic regulation on 

decommissioning strategy. 

TR-110234 

Decommissioning 

Waste Reduction Guide 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This manual describes approaches 

to reduce the volume and costs of 

low-level radioactive waste arising 

from decommissioning activities. 

The guide spells out the 

similarities and differences 

between operating and 

decommissioned sites, and 

identifies when specific 

approaches are more costeffective. 

1999 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-111025 

Proceedings: 1998 

EPRI/NEI 

Decommissioning 

Workshop 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This workshop held in December 

1998 in Monterey, CA provided a 

forum for utility representatives 

and selected vendors to exchange 

information related to 

decommissioning of nuclear 

power plants. 

1999 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-111277 

Embedded Pipe, Tank 

and Fuel Pool 

Cleaning/Remediation 

Technology 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

A workshop on methods of 

dealing with radioactive pipes 

embedded in concrete, tank 

cleaning and fuel pool cleaning 

was held in February 1999. The 

proceedings provide a reference 

document on the current status of 

the technology. 

1999 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep
TR-112092 

Evaluation of the 

Decontamination of the 

Reactor Coolant 

Systems 

at Maine Yankee and 

Connecticut Yankee 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute

This report describes the 

different processes used for the 

decontamination of the reactor 

coolant systems at Maine 

Yankee and Connecticut 

Yankee, as well as the resultant 

lessons learned. 

1999 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

Existing facilities and 

past practices: Lessons 

Learned 

Huizenga, D., 

Tonkay, D. 

(U.S. DOE), 

Owens, K. 

This paper discusses the 

experience of the U.S. DOE in 

terms of the lessons learned from 

operating radioactive waste 

management facilities and from 

undertaking intervention or 

remedial action, and from decision 

making in an international 

context. Overarching safety 

principles are discussed, including 

integrating safety into all work 

practices and minimizing the 

generation of waste. 

2000 Available through pro

International Conferen

Radioactive Waste Manag

Spain – March 

For further information on t

a copy, please c

TR-1000908 

Remediation of 

Embedded Piping 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report discusses some 

methods for dealing with 

embedded pipe, including removal 

and in-situ decontamination will 

be documented, based on 

experiences and lessons learned at 

Trojan plant. 

2000 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep
TR-1000920 

Trojan Nuclear Power 

Plant Reactor Vessel 

and Internals Removal: 

Trojan Nuclear Plant 

Decommissioning 

Experience 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute

This report discusses the 

background and support 

activities associated with 

removing the Trojan reactor 

vessel, as well as the reactor 

vessel internal components. 

Additionally, this report 

contains the lessons learned 

from the project.

2000 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1000093 

Decommissioning 

Planning - Oyster Creek 

Experience 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report chronicles the process 

of preparing GPU Nuclear’s 

Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating 

Station for early retirement. This 

summary of the Oyster Creek 

experience has great relevance to 

the nuclear industry, as future 

decommissioning projects will 

benefit from the comprehensive 

pre-planning work performed 

there. 

2000 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1000951 

Embedded Pipe Dose 

Calculation Method 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report evaluates measurement 

techniques for determining 

activities on internal surfaces of 

embedded pipes, and scaling 

factors for all nuclide 

concentrations. 

2000 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1000884 

Technology 

Demonstration 

Experience Reports 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This document reports on field 

demonstrations of concrete 

decontamination technologies, 

large bore pipe decontamination 

using grit blasting, GammaCam 

gamma ray imaging system and 

large tank and vessel 

dismantlement. 

2000 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1000006 Electric Power 

Research 

A workshop on the management 

and disposal of low-level 

2000 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep
Decommissioning 

Waste Management 

Workshop Proceedings 

Institute radioactive waste at 

decommissioned plants was held. 

This workshop addressed all 

aspects of waste processing. The 

proceedings are designed to 

provide a useful reference 

document on utility experiences. 

TR-1001238 

Plant Engineering 

Management Workshop 

Proceedings 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

A workshop on plant 

reconfiguration management 

(drawing control, technical 

specification changes, 

reclassification of systems) and 

the transition from operating plant 

procedures to decommissioning 

procedures was held at Millstone 

in October 2000. 

2000 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1003029 

Decommissioning: 

Reactor Pressure Vessel 

Internals Segmentation 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report documents the results 

obtained to date at Connecticut 

Yankee, Maine Yankee, San 

Onofre, Big Rock Point and 

facilities abroad and discusses the 

lessons learned at each site. 

Recommendations for improving 

efficiency and reducing personnel 

exposure levels at future 

decommissioning sites are 

provided. 

2001 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1003026 

Decontamination of 

Reactor Systems and 

Contaminated 

Components for 

Disposal or 

Refurbishment 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report documents activities in 

U.S. and elsewhere to 

decontaminate components from 

nuclear facilities for recycling, 

reuse or disposal. This includes 

pumps, steam generators, and 

contaminated equipment from 

other nuclear activities. 

2001 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep
TR-1003027 

Interim Storage of 

Greater than Class C 

Low Level Waste 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

Describes utility experiences for 

addressing Greater Than Class C 

(GTCC) wastes, including lessons 

learned and challenges dealt with 

in the storage of GTCC waste. 

2001 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

Cost Estimating for 

Decommissioning of a 

Plutonium FacilityLessons Learned From 

The Rocky Flats 

Building 771 Project 

Stevens, J.L., 

Titus, R., 

Sanford, P.C. 

This paper provides a brief 

overview of the replanning 

process during decommissioning 

activities at Rocky Flats, a 

detailed reexamination of the lifecycle decommissioning effort for 

the site and for the major 

individual facilities, and provides 

lessons learned on cost tracking in 

the decommissioning 

environment. 

2002 Available through proceedi

Management Conference 

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An Approach Towards 

Minimization of Sample 

Analysis Costs for 

Mixed Radionuclides 

Using MARSSIM For A 

Final Status Survey 

Nardi, A.J. and 

Wayne, D.V. 

Once a set of Derived 

Concentration Guidelines Levels 

(DCGL) are established, it is 

possible to optimize a sample 

analysis protocol based on the 

relative importance of each 

radionuclide to the anticipated 

final dose calculation. In some 

cases the radionuclides identified 

during characterization will 

include a complex mixture of easy 

and hard-to-detect radionuclides 

including alpha emitters. The 

approach developed considers the 

percentage contribution of each 

radionuclide to the dose estimate. 

Key surrogate radionuclides are 

developed based on 

characterization data, and utilized 

to define a sample analysis 

protocol. This paper describes, in 

2002 Available through proceed

Mid-Year Topical Meeting o

Society – Febru

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detail, the approach used in the 

development of the sample 

analysis protocol using a realistic 

mix of radionuclides that illustrate 

the range of problems that might 

be encountered. 

Utilization of the 

MARSSIM Approach to 

Deep excavations and 

Backfill Areas 

Vogel, W.D. and 

Nardi, A.J 

In some instances the remediation 

effort will involve the excavation 

of burials that were previously 

authorized by regulation. In such 

cases, the resulting excavation 

may involve the removal of 

overburden material prior to the 

excavation of the removal of the 

horizon of contaminated material. 

Because the overburden material 

is potentially contaminated, a 

survey protocol is described that 

utilizes both process control 

surveys during the excavation 

phase and MARRSIM based 

surveys during the backfill phase. 

Although the end condition would 

be a volumetric condition that 

does not conform to the primary 

assumption of surface 

contamination upon which the 

MARSSIM document is based, 

the described approach provides a 

statistically based survey program 

that meets the intent of the 

MARSSIM document. This paper 

provides a detailed discussion of 

the survey protocol that meets the 

needs of such a remediation 

project. 

2002 Available through proceed

Mid-Year Topical Meeting o

Society – Febru

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Decommissioning Dorr, K.A., This paper presents a discussion 2002 Available through proceedi
Challenges at the Rocky 

Flats Environmental 

Technology Site 

Hoover, J. of the demolition of the Building 

788 cluster at the Rocky Flats 

Environmental Technology Site in 

Golden, Colorado. Topics 

covered include the methods 

employed for Project Planning, 

Regulatory Compliance, Waste 

Management, Hazard 

Identification, Radiological 

Controls, Risk Management, Field 

Implementation and Cost 

Schedule Control, Lessons 

Learned and Project Closeout. 

Management Conference 

For further information on t

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TR-1003424 

Technology Site 

Cooling and Cleanup 

System 

Experience at 

Decommissioned Plants

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report summarizes design 

and operating experience of 

decommissioning-specific spent 

fuel pool cooling and cleanup 

systems. 

2002 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1007312 

Proceedings from EPRI 

International Low Level 

Waste Conference

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This conference, held in June 

2002, covered all aspects of 

radioactive waste management 

and disposal. It included a session 

on decommissioned plant 

activities for the first time. 

2002 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1003196 

Guideline for Preparing 

the Radiological 

Aspects of a License 

Termination Plan 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

An umbrella guideline document, 

which will be a roadmap of the 

nuclear plant license termination 

process, will provide general 

guidance related to initial 

characterization, dose modeling, 

site remediation and the final site 

survey. 

2002 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1003426 

Summary of Utility 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report provides an overview 

of the regulatory requirements for 

the development and submittal of 

2002 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep
License Termination 

Documents 

and Lessons Learned 

a nuclear power reactor License 

Termination Plan (LTP). It 

summarizes results and lessons 

learned from the LTPs submitted 

to the U.S. NRC from Connecticut 

Yankee, Maine Yankee, Saxton, 

Trojan and Yankee Rowe. 

TR-112871 

Site 

Characterization 

Workshop 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

The proceedings of the second 

EPRI workshop on site 

characterization, hosted by Big 

Rock Point plant in October 2001, 

will be published. 

2002 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1008018 

Enhanced SAFSTOR 

Characterization Project

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

A study on enhanced SAFSTOR 

(greater than 60 years) will 

include evaluation of the 

economic benefits of delaying 

segmentation to take advantage of 

radioactive decay. 

2003 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1008924 

2003 NEI/EPRI 

Decommissioning 

Forum 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

The NEI/EPRI Decommissioning 

Forum provides a comprehensive 

overview of the challenges facing 

the industry in the completion of 

the nuclear power plant life cycle. 

This report presents the 

proceedings of the NEI/EPRI 

2003 Decommissioning Forum, 

which focused on license 

termination, material clearance 

values, funding and final site 

release requirements. 

2003 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

Briefing to the 

Commissioners of the 

U.S. Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission 

Culberson, D. This presentation discusses some 

of the accomplishments of the 

Fuel Cycle Facilities Forum, as 

well as issues of importance to 

fuel cycle facilities. 

2004 For more information abou

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Radiological Impact on 

Chemical Waste 

Woodard, R.C., 

Conant, J.F. 

Areas under remediation often 

contain both radiological and 

2004 Available through proceedi

Management Conference 
Remediation (Or is it 

the other way around?) 

chemical contamination that can 

frustrate otherwise simple cleanup 

efforts. This paper describes a 

case situation of this type and 

shares the various options and 

solutions available to the owner. 

Given the lack of explicit 

regulatory volumetric radiological 

release criteria for soil, and the 

lack of chemical mobility or threat 

to the public or workers, the 

option of doing nothing for the 

time being is concluded to be the 

most viable path. 

For further information on t

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TR-1009410 

Capturing Historical 

Knowledge for 

Decommissioning of 

Nuclear Power Plants 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

Summary of Historical Site 

Assessments at Eight 

Decommissioning Plants. This 

report describes approaches 

utilized and experience gained in 

the development of early 

characterization activities by a 

number of nuclear power plants 

undergoing decommissioning. In 

particular, the report provides 

experience and lessons of 

performing the Historical Site 

Assessment or HSA. 

2004 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

Trials and Tribulations 

of Decommissioning a 

Large Thorium Lantern 

Mantle Production 

Facility 

Conley, T. A. This presentation discusses some 

of the challenges that the State of 

Kansas faced during a major 

decommissioning project. 

2004 This presentation can b

The Consequence of 

Inadequate Source Term 

Abstraction to Establish 

Soil DCGLs – A Case 

History 

Nardi, A.J. The development of site specific 

Derived Concentration Guideline 

Levels (DCGLs) has become a 

common approach for planning 

the decommissioning of complex 

2004 Available through proceed

Annual Meeting of the Heal

July 200

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sites. Upon completion of 

decommissioning, MARSSIM 

provides guidance on the method 

to interpret the final status survey 

data to demonstrate that the 

established DCGLs have been 

met. The presumption in this 

approach is that the source term 

abstraction used to develop the 

original DCGLs is consistent with 

the as-left conditions of the site. 

This paper presents a case history 

where it was discovered that the 

DCGLs were developed based 

upon an inadequate source term 

abstraction and reviews the 

potential impact of utilizing such 

DCGLs. 

a copy, please c

TR-1009411 

Decommissioning 

License Termination 

Plan Documents and 

Lessons Learned 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

Update on 2002 Utility Guideline 

on License Termination Issues, 

Dose Modeling, Characterization 

and Final Site Survey documents, 

covering license termination plans 

approved in 2003 and other open 

issues. 

2004 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1009409 

Proceedings: 

Decommissioning —

License Termination 

Plans and Final Site 

Release Workshop 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report presents the 

proceedings of an EPRI workshop 

dealing with the subject of 

decommissioning license 

termination and final site release. 

The workshop was the ninth in a 

series designed to aid utility 

personnel in assessing 

technologies for decommissioning 

nuclear power plants. It focused 

on specific aspects of license 

termination activities and final site 

2004 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep
release as they relate to nuclear 

plant decommissioning. The 

information presented will help 

utilities control decommissioning 

costs by selecting the best 

practices and technologies. 

TR-1009571 

Application of NonNuclear Robotics to 

Nuclear Industry 

Decommissioning 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report documents the use 

of robotic technology at 

Connecticut Yankee for debris 

cleanup. 

2004 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1009830 

Second EPRI 

International 

Decommissioning 

Workshop at Bristol 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report presents the 

proceedings of an international 

EPRI workshop on 

decommissioning and radioactive 

waste management. The workshop 

focused on a wide range of 

decommissioning topics, 

including general approaches, 

technical developments and 

project experiences. The 

information presented will assist 

individual utilities in their 

decommissioning projects, and 

has the potential to reduce 

decommissioning costs. 

2004 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

Nevada Test Site 

Decontamination and 

Decommissioning 

Program History, 

Regulatory Framework, 

and Lessons Learned 

Kruzic, Michael, 

Morris, Patrick 

Decontamination and 

Decommissioning (D&D) of 

radiologically and/or chemically 

contaminated facilities at the 

Nevada Test Site (NTS) are the 

responsibility of the 

Environmental Restoration (ER) 

Project. Facilities identified for 

D&D are listed in the Federal 

Facilities Agreement and Consent 

2005 Available through proce

American Nuclear Society 

August 20

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Order (FFACO) and closed under 

the Resource Conservation and 

Recovery Act process. This paper 

discusses the NTS D&D program, 

including facilities history, D&D 

regulatory framework, and 

valuable lessons learned. 

Practical Solutions to 

Difficult 

Decommissioning 

Issues-Lessons Learned 

U.S. NRC This paper discusses seven of the 

innovative approaches used 

by both licensees and the NRC 

staff to resolve difficult 

decommissioning issues, such that 

they may be used by other 

licensees and staff in the future. 

Based on these and other 

experiences, the NRC has 

identified a number of generic 

lessons learned from the NRC 

perspective, four of which will be 

discussed in the paper. 

2005 Available via NRC’s ADAM

Number ML05

Decommissioning 

Lessons Learned for 

NRC – Licensed 

Materials Site 

Lux, J., Conant, 

J. 

As members of the Fuel Cycle 

Facilities Forum (FCFF), the 

authors have met on a regular 

basis with other licensees and the 

NRC staff to discuss 

decommissioning topics and 

issues. Licensees have discussed 

potential resolutions, as well as 

the benefits and drawbacks 

associated with them. This paper 

offers lessons learned by the 

authors from direct experience at 

their sites, as well as the 

experiences of other licensees, as 

shared in the FCFF meetings. 

2005 Available through proce

American Nuclear Society 

November 2

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Decommissioning 

Lessons Learned 

Lux, J. This presentation discusses some 

lessons learned from practical 

2005 Information on this pre

found he
experiences during the 

decommissioning of two Kerr 

McGee Corporation sites. 

TR-1011734 

Maine Yankee 

Decommissioning – 

Experience Report 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

One of the key objectives of the EPRI Decommissioning Technology Program is to capture the experience and lessons learned from the plants currently in decommissioning. This report provides detailed information on the decommissioning of the Maine Yankee Nuclear Plant that will be of value to future U.S. and international decommissioning projects. The report covers the following areas: 

• Pre-shutdown actions and 

analyses 

• Transition activities from 

operations to decommissioning 

• Use of Decommissioning 

Operations Contractors 

• Fuel Storage Options • Regulatory and Stakeholder 

interaction 

• Specific Technologies 

(Segmentation and Explosive Demolition) 

• Site closure issues 

2005 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

Tc-99 and Transuranic 

Contamination of 

Enriched Uranium; 

Impact Considerations 

for the 

Decommissioning of a 

Nardi, A.J. The decommissioning of complex 

sites that processed enriched 

uranium, will involve 

investigating and accounting for 

the presence of contaminates such 

as 99Tc, and some tranuranics 

2005 Available through proceedin

Meeting of the American N

Decommissioning, Deco

Reutilization – Au

For further information on t
Fuel Fabrication Facility (241Am, 237Np and 239Pu). This 

paper, based on an active 

Westinghouse decommissioning 

project, presents a discussion of 

the anticipated impact of these 

contaminates on the 

decommissioning criteria for the 

facility. 

a copy, please c

TR-1011733 

Decommissioning: San 

Onofre Unit 1 Reactor 

Vessel Internals 

Segmentation 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute

This report details Southern 

California Edison program to 

capture the experience of earlier 

projects. Additionally, it covers 

the major planning and testing 

initiatives undertaken to correct 

difficulties experienced in the 

earlier projects. These measures 

resulted in a highly successful 

segmentation project. 

2005 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

Decommissioning 

Waste Materials 

Containing SNM at Low 

Concentrations, A Risk 

Assessment and 

Analysis of The Need 

for Regulatory Changes 

Nardi, A.J. The decommissioning of complex 

sites that processed Special 

Nuclear Material (SNM), 

specifically enriched uranium, will 

normally involve the generation 

and packaging of large volumes of 

waste materials that requires onsite processing and possibly 

shipment for off-site disposal. 

Even at low concentrations, the 

total mass quantity of enriched 

uranium can be substantial. This 

paper, based on an active 

Westinghouse decommissioning 

project, presents a discussion of 

the anticipated waste streams and 

the associated contained mass of 

enriched uranium. A comparison 

is made with the regulatory 

2005 Available through proceedi

Year Topical Meeting of 

Society – Febru

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requirements that would be 

invoked and the resulting 

implications for the licensee.

TR-1011730 

Groundwater 

Monitoring Guidance 

for Nuclear Power 

Plants 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This guidance is directed to 

operators of both operating and 

decommissioning plants and 

draws from the experience with 

groundwater monitoring programs 

conducted at three nuclear power 

reactor sites. Two of these reactor 

sites are being decommissioned 

and the third is an operating site 

that had identified spent fuel pool 

leakage into the aquifer. 

2005 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1011735 

A Practical Guide for 

the Performance of 

Combined Risk 

Assessment at Nuclear 

Power Plant 

Decommissioning Sites 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report will explain the use of 

radionuclide slope factors as the 

vehicle needed to normalize 

contaminant cancer risk by 

providing specific examples 

related to the nuclear industry. 

Lessons learned from current 

decommissioning sites employing 

these relatively new methods will 

be solicited and summarized in the 

document.. The report will 

explore, the bases and applications 

of the various toxicity factor tables 

(Risk-Based Concentration, 

Reference Doses, Cancer Slope 

Factors) that are used to compare 

fixed levels of risk for radiological 

and non-radiological 

chemicals/substances. The report 

will also discuss the summation of 

both radiological and non 

radiological comparative risk 

assessment values for complying 

2005 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep
with remediation site combined 

risk thresholds, using site specific 

examples. 

TR-1011732 

Proceedings of the 2004 

Decommissioning 

Workshop LTP 

Workshop at 

Connecticut Yankee 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This workshop focused on specific 

aspects of license termination 

activities and final site release as 

they relate to decommissioning. 

The information presented will 

update utilities on developments 

and experience related to license termination and final site release 

activities. This information can 

play a significant role in 

controlling costs in the final stages 

of a decommissioning project. 

2005 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

Decommissioning 

Lessons Learned at Fuel 

Cycle Facilities 

Culberson, D. This presentation discusses 

examples of lessons learned, as 

well as issues of importance to the 

fuel cycle community. 

2005 Available via NRC’s ADAM

Number ML060

Improving Scanning 

Detection Capabilities 

Using Gamma Spectral 

Techniques 

Bland, J.S., 

Doan, J., and 

Gaul, W. 

While the standard gross gamma 

walkover survey can identify 

elevated levels in comparison to a 

reference area, the results of the 

survey can be misleading due to 

spatial variations in background 

radiation levels that occur within a 

survey area, mainly attributable to 

varying levels of naturally 

occurring radioactive materials 

(NORM). Using gamma spectral 

analysis techniques (detectors and 

instrumentation), specific gamma 

energies or regions of interest, 

corresponding to the photopeaks 

for the radionuclides of concern, 

can be more effectively evaluated. 

This technique improves the 

2006 Available through proceedin

Meeting of the Health Phy

2006 

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detection capability in the 

presence of varying ambient 

background levels by specifically 

targeting only those gamma 

energies associated with the 

radionuclide(s) of concern. This 

study demonstrated the ability to 

improve detection capability, 

especially for conditions where 

the gross gamma levels were 

elevated solely due to naturally 

occurring radioactive materials. 

List of 

Decommissioning 

Lessons Learned in 

Support of the 

Development of a 

Standard Review Plan 

for New Reactor 

Licensing 

U.S. NRC This is a memorandum that 

provides high-level lessons 

learned that will serve as a 

guidance to comply with the 

requirements in 10 CFR 20.1406. 

2006 Available via NRC’s ADAM

Number ML062

Information Notice 

2006-13: GroundWater Contamination 

Due to Undetected 

Leakage of Radioactive 

Water 

U.S. NRC This document provides 

information on recent events 

related to undetected leakage of 

radioactive water into the 

groundwater at several facilities, 

and discusses important points 

resulting from NRC reviews todate on these events. 

2006 For access to this documen

Characterization 

Methodology and InProcess Measurements 

for the 

Decommissioning of 

Land Areas at Fuel 

Cycle Facilities in 

Oklahoma 

Lux, J. Characterization of soils for 

decommissioning must consider 

both the distribution of licensed 

material over small areas (25 – 

100 m2) and the decommissioning 

process. Uniform distribution of 

licensed material over small areas 

enables characterization data to be 

used to delineate and quantify 

2006 Available through procee

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from Decommissioning of N

the Safe Termination of N

December 2

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material exceeding 

decommissioning criteria. Lack of 

uniform distribution, particularly 

in conjunction with in-process 

identification of additional 

material exceeding 

decommissioning criteria, 

prevents the use of 

characterization data to delineate 

and quantify material exceeding 

decommissioning criteria. 

Finally, post-excavation 

segregation of material not 

exceeding decommissioning 

criteria can dramatically reduce 

the volume of material which 

must be treated or removed for 

disposal. 

Presentations on 

Decommissioning 

Lessons Learned at the 

174th. meeting of the 

Advisory Committee on 

Nuclear Waste 

Boeing, L., 

Bushart, S. Lux, 

J., Conley, T.A. 

Representatives from the Argonne 

National Laboratory, EPRI, Fuel 

Cycle Facilities Forum, and the 

Organization of Agreement States 

shared decommissioning 

experiences and lessons learned. 

2006 Available via NRC’s ADAM

Number ML07

TR-1013511 

Connecticut Yankee 

Decommissioning 

Experience Report 2006 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report provides information 

about the decommissioning of the 

Connecticut Yankee plant. 

2006 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep

TR-1013166 

Proceedings: 2005 

EPRI Topical 

Workshop – 

Groundwater 

Contamination 

Assessment and License 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This groundwater workshop 

focused on groundwater 

monitoring at both operating and 

decommissioning nuclear plant 

sites. This workshop presented the 

latest information on groundwater 

assessments, including the tools, 

strategies, technology and 

2006 Topical Report avail

http://www.ep
Termination Activities experiences. 

Decommissioning 

Lessons Learned 

Electric Power 

Research 

Institute 

This report documents 

decommissioning issues and 

lessons learned from reactor 

decommissioning. It also 

references selected technical 

reports that expand on the lessons 

learned. 

2007 Available via NRC’s ADAM

Number ML07

A Review and 

Verification Of the 

Isotopic Distribution of 

Enriched Uranium and 

The Impact On 

Decommissioning 

Considerations 

Nardi, A.J. and 

Conant, J.F. 

This paper presents information 

on the expected isotopic 

distribution of uranium over the 

full range of enrichments based on 

published public information of 

the specific activity of enriched 

uranium. The resulting activity 

distribution curves are verified by 

comparison against measured 

sample media data obtained at two 

different sites undergoing 

decommissioning. Verification of 

the activity distributions curves 

allows one to utilize gamma 

spectroscopy measurements for 

235U to predict the concentration 

of 234U and total uranium. The 

activity distribution data is further 

used to evaluate the impact of 

varying enrichments on 

decommissioning criteria 

(DCGLs) for soils, groundwater, 

building surfaces. The 

significance of available 236U data 

is also discussed. 

2007 Available through proceedi

Topical Meeting of the 

Society – Janua

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Preservation and 

Implementation of 

Decommissioning 

Lessons Learned in the 

U.S. NRC This paper discusses the approach 

used by the Agency to capture and preserve decommissioning lessons 

learned. It also illustrates 

2007 Available via NRC’s ADAM

Number ML07
United States Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission 

examples of decommissioning 

lessons learned, and how the 

Agency plans to implement the 

information.