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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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| Facts                         for ConsumersPDF Version                     
HELP WANTED ... FINDING A JOB

*I saw an ad in the newspaper                           for jobs in corporate finance. I faxed my resume to                           the 800-number listed and got a call from a woman who                           said her company works with businesses to find employees                           to fill their positions. She said the service would                           cost me $495, but the fee was fully refundable if I                           was dissatisfied or found a job on my own. She guaranteed                           me interview opportunities and told me that if I found                           a job through her company, there was a good chance my                           new employer would reimburse me for the fee.*

*I never got any interviews, let                           alone a refund, and now I can't even get the company                           to return my calls.*

—paraphrased from                           a sample complaint letter to the FTC.

If you're looking for a job, you may                           come across ads for firms that promise results. Although                           many of these firms may be legitimate and helpful, others                           may misrepresent their services, promote out-dated or                           fictitious job offerings, or charge high up-front fees                           for services that may not lead to a job. Some ads may                           direct you to call a toll-free 800-number. Once you're                           connected, you may be switched to a pay-per-call 900-number                           without your knowledge, or you may be asked to call                           a 900-number without a proper fee disclosure. Both practices                           are against the law.

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC)                           sues businesses that fraudulently advertise employment                           openings and guarantee job placement. Consumers who                           respond to these ads think they're contacting a bona                           fide placement service that's seeking candidates to                           fill specific jobs. Instead, they're reaching a business                           that rarely helps consumers get employment through its                           "services." To make matters worse, these businesses                           invariably charge advance fees — ranging from                           several hundred to several thousand dollars —                           for their "services," typically imposing the                           fees without consumer approval, or promising —                           falsely — that most or all of the fees ultimately                           will be refunded.

Types of                           Employment Service Firms                          When you're looking for help in finding a job, it's                           important to understand the differences among employment                           services. Many terms, such as employment agency, personnel                           placement service, executive search firm, or executive                           counseling service are used interchangeably. Find out                           what services a firm offers, how much the services cost,                           and who pays. If you're required to pay the fee, find                           out what you'll owe if the employment service fails                           to find you a job or any leads.

Six basic types of service companies/agencies                           offer consumers help in finding a job. They include:                           public employment services; employment agencies; executive                           search services; temporary help services; executive                           counseling services; and job listing services.
- The federally-funded and state-operated Public                             Employment Service , also known as the Job Service,                             operates in all 50 states, the District of Columbia,                             Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The Employment                             Service provides Internet access to America's Job                             Bank (AJB). On any given day, this national resource                             lists hundreds of thousands of job opportunities.                             It also provides links to numerous employment and                             training programs in each state, including programs                             for people with disabilities, minorities, older workers,                             veterans, welfare recipients, and young people. There                             are some 2,300 points of service nationwide; about                             1,700 of them are full-time, full-service offices.                             The Employment Service provides its services free                             to both employers and job seekers. Openings range                             from entry level to technical and professional positions.                             Visit  www.ajb.dni.us                              for more information.  
- Employment agencies or personnel placement services                              work to fill specific positions available within companies.                             Their purpose is to bring applicants and employers                             together. Often, the hiring company pays the placement                             fee, but when state law permits, you and the employer                             may share the fee or the fee may be billed to you                             after you've been hired. Employment agencies usually                             are licensed in the state where they do business.                               
- Executive search firms or executive recruiters                              are hired by businesses to find the "right"                             person for a particular job within an organization.                             Recruiters sometimes are referred to as "headhunters."                             The executive who is hired doesn't pay the fee; it's                             part of the agreement between the hiring business                             and the search firm. Executive search firms usually                             subscribe to a code of ethics established by industry                             members; some firms are licensed by the states where                             they do business, as required by state law.   
-  Temporary help services  supply workers                             to businesses on a temporary or as-need basis. Businesses                             pay an agreed-upon wage to the temporary service for                             work performed by the employees. The temporary service                             firm pays the workers, not the temporary employer.                               
- Executive counseling services or career counseling                             services  help job seekers with career directions                             and decisions more than with job placement. They may                             offer services like skill identification and self                             evaluation, resume preparation and letter writing,                             and general information about companies or organizations                             in a particular location or job field. Fees can be                             as high as $4,000, and payment often is required before                             services are provided. You'll probably have to pay                             this fee even if you don't find a job. Placement is                             not guaranteed. State law dictates whether executive                             counseling firms are licensed.   
- Job listing services or advisory services                              sell information about getting a job in the U.S. or                             abroad. They often use pay-per-call 900-numbers to                             do this. They do not provide actual job placement.                             Information may include lists of job openings, general                             tips on conducting a successful job search or interview,                             and broad guidance in resume writing. These advisory                             firms often require an up-front fee for their listings.

Protecting                           Yourself                          Before you spend any money responding to job ads or                           completing job placement contracts, the FTC suggests                           that you:
- Be suspicious of any employment-service firm that                              **promises**  to get you a job.                           
- Be skeptical of any employment-service firm that                             charges up-front fees, even if it guarantees refunds                             to dissatisfied customers. 
- Don't give out your credit card or bank account                             information on the phone unless you're familiar with                             the company and agree to pay for something. Anyone                             who has your account information can use it to commit                             financial fraud against you. 
- Get a copy of the firm's contract and review it                             carefully before you pay any money. Understand the                             terms and conditions of the firm's refund policy.                             Make sure you understand what services will be provided                             by the firm and what you'll be responsible for. If                             oral promises are made that don't also appear in the                             contract, think twice about doing business with the                             firm. 
- Take your time reviewing the contract. Don't be                             rushed into paying for services. Avoid high-pressure                             sales pitches that require you to pay now or risk                             losing out on the opportunity.
- Be cautious about purchasing from a firm that's                             reluctant to answer your questions or gives you evasive                             answers.
- Be aware that some listing services and "consultants"                             may place ads that seem to offer jobs when, in fact,                             they're selling employment information.
- Follow up with the offices of any company or organization                             listed in an ad by an employment service, to find                             out if the company's really hiring.
- Be wary of firms promoting "previously undisclosed"                             federal government jobs. All federal positions are                             announced to the public.
- Check with your local consumer protection agency,                             state Attorney General's Office, and the Better Business                             Bureau to see if any complaints have been filed about                             a company with which you intend to do business.

In addition, federal law prohibits                           the use of a toll-free number for pay-per-call 900-number                           services. This means that anyone calling a toll-free                           number cannot be charged simply for completing the call,                           and that a toll-free number call cannot be transferred,                           or connected to, a pay-per-call 900-number service.                           Federal law also prohibits any telephone message that                           solicits calls to a pay-per-call 900-number service                           from failing to disclose the cost of the call.

For More                           Information                          A variety of free and low-cost resources are available                           to help you in your job search.
- Job Service offices  post vacancies and                             offer counseling and referrals to other job resources.
-  Local and county human resources offices                              provide some placement assistance. They can give you                             the names of other groups that may be helpful, such                             as labor unions or federally-funded vocational programs.
- University, college and community college career                             service offices  usually limit their help to students                             and alumni, but some may let you look at their current                             job listings.
- Local libraries  can direct you to information                             on writing a resume, interviewing, or compiling a                             list of companies and organizations to contact about                             job openings.
- The Internet , through major online services                             and electronic bulletin boards, has information and                             options to help you, including classified ads and                             resume postings.

Where to                           Complain                          If you have a problem with an employment-service firm,                           contact your local consumer protection agency, Better                           Business Bureau, the appropriate state licensing board,                           or your state Attorney General.

If you have problems with charges                           on your phone bill for 900-number calls to fraudulent                           businesses, contact your telephone company immediately.                           No phone company is obligated to delete the charges,                           but you should ask. Call your carrier or the Federal                           Communications Commission for policy information.

The FTC works for the consumer to prevent fraudulent, deceptive   and unfair business practices in the marketplace and to provide information   to help consumers spot, stop and avoid them. To file a    complaint or to get free   information on consumer issues, visit www.ftc.gov   or call toll-free, 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357); TTY: 1-866-653-4261. The   FTC enters Internet, telemarketing, identity theft and other fraud-related complaints   into    Consumer Sentinel, a secure, online database available to hundreds of civil   and criminal law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad.
September                           2002 |
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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