FINAL REGULATION ORDER, PART 2 (continued) 

Adopt incorporated “California Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for New 2007 through 2009 Off-Road Large Spark-ignition Engines (2007-

2009 Test Procedure 1048)” to read: 
1 

State of California 

AIR RESOURCES BOARD 

PROPOSED CALIFORNIA EXHAUST AND EVAPORATIVE EMISSION STANDARDS 

AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR 2007 THROUGH 2009 

OFF-ROAD LARGE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES 

(2007–2009 Test Procedure 1048) 

Adopted: March 2, 2007 

NOTE: This document incorporates by reference Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations 

(CFR), Part 1048 – CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD 

SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES, Subparts A, B, C, D, F, G, H, and I, including Appendix I 

and II to Part 1048 as amended on July 13, 2005 (Federal Register, Volume 70, pages 

40465 through 40486), and the internally referenced subparts of 40 CFR Part 86, 40 

CFR Part 1065, and 40 CFR Part 1068. Sections that have been included in their 

entirety are set forth with the section number and title. California provisions that replace 

specific federal provisions are denoted by the words “DELETE” for the federal language 

and “REPLACE WITH” or “ADD” for the California regulations. The symbols “* * * * *” 

and “...” mean that the remainder of the CFR text for a specific section, which is not 

shown in these regulations, has been included by reference, with only the printed text 

changed. Federal regulations that are not listed are not part of the California 

regulations. 

This document is all newly adopted text. 
2 

PART 1048 – CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD SPARKIGNITION ENGINES 

Subpart A—Overview and Applicability 

§1048.1 Does this part apply to me? 

* * * * * 

This part 1048 applies for engines built from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 

2009. You need not follow this part for engines you produce before January 1, 2007. 

See §1048.101 through 1048.115, and the definition of model year in §1048.801 for 

more information about the timing of new requirements. 

* * * * * 

(d) DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Engines with a maximum engine power at or below 19 kW are covered by Title 13, 

California Code of Regulations, Chapter 9, Article 1, Small Off-Road Engines 

§1048.5 Which engines are excluded from this part’s requirements? 

This part does not apply to the following nonroad engines: 

(a) DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Engines that are subject to the requirements of Title 13, California Code of Regulations, 

Chapter 9, Article 3, Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines, including any 

related provisions and guidelines that are applicable to Off-Highway Recreational 

Vehicles and Engines. 

(b) DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Propulsion marine engines. See Title 13, California Code of Regulations, Chapter 9, 

Article 4.7, Spark-Ignition Marine Engines. This part applies with respect to auxiliary 

marine engines. 

§1048.10 How is this part organized? 

§1048.15 Do any other regulation parts affect me? 

* * * * * 

(b)(6) DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Procedures for In-Use Engine Recalls for Large Off-Road Spark-Ignition Engines with 

an Engine Displacement Greater Than 1.0 Liter, Chapter 9, Article 4.5, section 2439, 

Title 13, California Code of Regulations 
3 

* * * * * 

(b)(7) DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Administrative Procedures – Hearings, Subchapter 1, Article 1, Sections 60040 – 

60094, Title 17, California Code of Regulations 

* * * * * 

 

ADD: 

(b)(8) 

Large Spark-Ignition (LSI) Engine Fleet Requirements, Chapter 15, Article 2, sections 

2775, 2775.1, and 2775.2, Title 13, California Code of Regulations 

§1048.20 What requirements from this part apply to excluded stationary 

engines? 

Subpart B—Emission Standards and Related Requirements 

§1048.101 What exhaust emission standards must my engines meet? 

* * * * * 

DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

(a)(2) Exhaust Emission Standards. Exhaust emissions from off-road large spark-ignition 

engines manufactured for sale, sold, or offered for sale in California, or that are 

introduced, delivered or imported into California for introduction into commerce, must not 

exceed: 

Exhaust Emission Standards 

(grams per brake horsepower-hour) 

[grams per kilowatt-hour](1)

Model Year Engine 

Displacement 

Durability 

Period 

HC + NOx Carbon 

Monoxide 

2007 - 2009 ≤1.0 liter 

1,000 

hours or 2 

years 

9.0 

[12.0] 

410 

[549] 

2007 - 2009 > 1.0 liter 

5000 

hours or 7 

years 

2.0 

[2.7] 

3.3 

[4.4] 

Note: (1) Pollutant emissions reported to ARB by manufacturers must be in grams per 

kilowatt-hour. 

For severe-duty engines, the HC+NOx standard is 2.7 g/kW-hr and the CO standard is 

130.0 g/kW-hr. The following engines are not subject to the transient standards in this 
4 

paragraph (a): 

A. High-load engines. 

B. Engines with maximum engine power above 560 kW. 

C. Engines with maximum test speed above 3400 rpm. 

* * * * * 

 

(e) Fuel types. DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

(e) Fuel types and Test Fuel 

(1) Fuel types. 

The exhaust emission standards in this section apply for engines using each type of 

fuel specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H, on which the engines in the engine 

family are designed to operate, except for engines certified under §1048.625. For 

engines certified under §1048.625, the standards of this section apply to emissions 

measured using the specified test fuel. You must meet the numerical emission 

standards for hydrocarbons in this section based on the following types of hydrocarbon 

emissions for engines powered by the following fuels: 

(A) Gasoline- and LPG-fueled engines: THC emissions. 

(B) Natural gas-fueled engines: NMHC emissions. 

(C) Alcohol-fueled engines: THCE emissions. 

* * * * * 

ADD: 

(2) Test Fuel. 

(A) If the engine is a gasoline-fueled large spark-ignition engine, then the test fuel used 

shall be consistent with the fuel specifications as outlined in the "California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger 

Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles," as of January 1, 2006 (last 

amended August 4, 2005) incorporated by reference in Section 1961(d), Title 13, CCR). 

 The California fuel specifications are contained in the California Code of Regulations, 

Title 13, Chapter 5, Article 1, Sections 2260-2272. If the engine is tested using the U.S. 

EPA test fuel, consistent with the fuel specifications as outlined in Title 40 Code of 

Federal Register, Part 1065, subpart H, the manufacturer shall demonstrate that the 

emission test results complies with these Test Procedures. 

(B) If the engine is not a gasoline-fueled large spark-ignition engine, then the test fuel 

used shall be consistent with the fuel specifications as outlined in the "California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles," as of January 1, 2006 

(last amended August 4, 2005) incorporated by reference in Section 1961(d), Title 13, 

CCR). The California fuel specifications are contained in the California Code of 

Regulations, Title 13, Chapter 5, Article 3, Sections 2290- 2293.5. If the engine is 

tested using the U.S. EPA test fuel, consistent with the fuel specifications as outlined in 

Title 40 Code of Federal Register, Part 1065, subpart H, the manufacturer shall 
5 

demonstrate that the emission test results complies with these Test Procedures. 

(C) During all engine tests, the engine shall employ a lubricating oil consistent with the 

engine manufacturer's specifications for that particular engine. These specifications 

shall be recorded and declared in the certification application. 

 

(f) DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Large spark-ignition engines, one liter or less. Engines with total displacement at or 

below 1000 cc shall comply with the requirements of Title 13, California Code of 

Regulations, Chapter 9, Article 4.5, Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition Engines. 

* * * * * 

§1048.105 What evaporative emission standards and requirements apply? 

§1048.110 How must my engines diagnose malfunctions? 

§1048.115 What other requirements must my engines meet? 

Engines subject to this part must meet the following requirements: 

(a) DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Crankcase emissions. No crankcase emissions shall be discharged directly into the 

ambient atmosphere from any new 2001 or later engines subject to the provisions of 

this part. 

* * * * * 

§1048.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me? 

* * * * * 

ADD: 

(f) Each engine, including all parts of its emission-control system must meet the 

requirements of California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Chapter 9, Article 4.5, Section 

2436, Emission Control System Warranty Statement. 

* * * * * 

§1048.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers? 

§1048.130 What installation instructions must I give to equipment 

manufacturers? 

§1048.135 How must I label and identify the engines I produce? 

* * * * * 

ADD: 
6 

(g) Engine labels must meet the requirements of California Code of Regulations, Title 

13, Chapter 9, Article 4.5, Section 2434, Emission Control Labels − 2001 and Later OffRoad Large Spark-Ignition Engines. 

§1048.140 What are the provisions for certifying Blue Sky Series engines? 

DELETE SECTION AND REPLACE WITH: 

§1048.140 What are the provisions for certifying optional lower-emission 

standard engines? 

This section defines optional exhaust emission standards for engines equipped with 

superior emission control systems. These engines, designated as “optional 

lower-emission standard” or “OLES” engines, must meet all the requirements in this 

part that apply to 2007- 2009 model year engines and one of the standards in the 

following table. These engines must also meet all testing and reporting requirements: 

Optional Exhaust Emission Standards for 

 Hydrocarbons plus Oxides of Nitrogen (HC+NOx) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) 

in grams per brake horsepower-hour (grams per kilowatt-hour)(1)

Standard – g/bhp-hr (g/kW-hr) 

Model Year Engine 

Displacement 

Durability 

Period HC+NOx CO 

1.5 (2.0) 4.8 (6.4) 

1.0 (1.3) 8.3 (11.1) 

0.6 (0.8) 

0.4 (0.5) 

0.2 (0.3) 

2007-2009 > 1.0 liter 

5000 

hours or 

7 years 

0.1 (0.1) 

15.4 (20.6) 

Note: (1) Pollutant emissions reported to ARB by manufacturers must be in grams per 

kilowatt-hour. 

If you certify an engine family under this section, it is subject to all the requirements of 

this part as if these voluntary standards were mandatory. 

* * * * * 
7 

 

§1048.145 Are there interim provisions that apply only for a limited time? 

(a) DELETE 

Subpart C—Certifying Engine Families 

§1048.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate of 

conformity? 

§1048.205 What must I include in my application? 

* * * * * 

(aa) DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Name an agent for service of process located in the United States. Service on this 

agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or employees for any action by 

the California Air Resources Board. 

§1048.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my application? 

§1048.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?

§1048.225 How do I amend my application for certification to include new or 

modified engines? 

§1048.230 How do I select engine families? 

* * * * * 

(f) DELETE 

§1048.235 What emission testing must I perform for my application for a 

certificate of conformity? 

§1048.240 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with exhaust 

emission standards? 

§1048.245 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with 

evaporative emission standards? 

§1048.250 What records must I keep and make available to ARB? 

* * * * * 
8 

ADD: 

(e) 

Maintain certification engines for a period of two years. 

§1048.255 When may EPA deny, revoke, or void my certificate of conformity? 

Subpart D—Testing Production-line Engines 

§1048.301 When must I test my production-line engines? 

§1048.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line engines? 

§1048.310 How must I select engines for production-line testing? 

§1048.315 How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line testing 

requirements? 

§1048.320 What happens if one of my production-line engines fails to meet 

emission standards? 

§1048.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line 

requirements? 

§1048.330 May I sell engines from an engine family with a suspended certificate 

of conformity? 

§1048.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate? 

§1048.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how may 

I sell these engines again? 

§1048.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA? 

§1048.350 What records must I keep? 

Subpart E—Testing In-use Engines 

§1048.401 What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into 

service?

§1048.405 How does this program work? 

DELETE 

§1048.410 How must I select, prepare, and test my in-use engines? 

DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 
9 

(a) This section applies to 2007 through 2009 model year off-road large spark-ignition 

engines with engine displacement greater than 1.0 liter. 

(b) Manufacturer In-Use Testing Program. 

Standards and Test Procedures. The emission standards, exhaust sampling and 

analytical procedures are those described in the Test Procedures, and are applicable to 

engines tested only for exhaust emissions. An engine is in compliance with these 

standards and test procedures only when all portions of these in-use test procedures 

and specified requirements from the Test Procedures are fulfilled, except that any 

adjustable engine parameters must be set to the nominal value or position as indicated 

on the engine label. 

(1) Within a manufacturer's model-year engine production period, the ARB will identify 

those engine families, and the specific configurations within an engine family, that the 

manufacturer must subject to in-use testing as described below. For each model year, 

ARB may identify a number of engine families that is no greater than 25 percent of the 

number of engine families to which this article is applicable. For those manufacturers 

producing three or less engine families in a model year, ARB may designate a 

maximum of one engine family per model year for in-use testing. 

(2) For each engine family identified by ARB, engine manufacturers must perform 

emission testing of an appropriate sample of in-use engines from each engine family. 

Manufacturers must submit data from this in-use testing to ARB. 

(3) An engine manufacturer must test in-use engines from each engine family identified 

by ARB. All engines selected by the manufacturer for testing must be identified by the 

manufacturer, and a list of the selected engines must be submitted to the Executive 

Officer, prior to the onset of testing. Engines to be tested must have accumulated a 

minimum of 0.50 (50 percent) of the family's certified useful life period. The number of 

engines to be tested by a manufacturer will be determined by the following method: 

(A) a minimum of four engines per family, provided that no engine fails any emission 

standard. For each exceedance, two additional engines must be tested until the total 

number of engines equals ten. 

(B) For engine families of less than 500 engines (national production) for the identified 

model year or for engine manufacturers who make less than or equal to 2,000 engines 

nationally for that model year, a minimum of two (2) engines per family provided that no 

engine fails any emission standard. For each failing engine, two more engines shall be 

tested until the total number of engines equals ten (10). 

(C) If an engine family was certified using carryover emission data and has been 

previously tested under paragraphs (b)(3)(A) or (b)(3)(B) of this section (and a recall for 

that family has not occurred), then only one engine for that family must be tested. If that 
10 

one engine fails any emission standard, testing must be conducted as outlined in 

subsections (b)(3)(A) or (b)(3)(B), whichever is appropriate. 

(4) The Executive Officer may approve an alternative to manufacturer in-use testing, 

where: 

(A) Engine family production is less than or equal to 200 per year, nationally; 

(B) Engines cannot be obtained for testing because they are used substantially in 

vehicles or equipment that are not conducive to engine removal such as large vehicles 

or equipment from which the engine cannot be removed without dismantling either the 

engine, vehicle, or equipment; or 

(C) Other compelling circumstances associated with the structure of the industry and 

uniqueness of engine applications. Such alternatives shall be designed to determine 

whether the engine family is in compliance. 

(5) The engine manufacturer shall procure in-use engines which have been operated 

between 0.50 and 1.0 times the certified engine's useful life period. The engine 

manufacturer may test engines from more than one model year in a given year. The 

manufacturer shall submit a plan for testing within twelve calendar months after 

receiving notice that ARB has identified a particular engine family for testing and shall 

complete testing of such engine family within 24 calendar months from the date of 

approval of the plan by ARB. Test engines may be procured from sources associated 

with the engine manufacturer (i.e., manufacturer-established fleet engines, etc.) or from 

sources not associated with the manufacturer (i.e., consumer-owned engines, 

independently owned fleet engines, etc.). 

(c) Maintenance, procurement and testing of in-use engines. 

(1) A test engine must have a maintenance and use history representative of in-use 

conditions. 

(A) To comply with this requirement a manufacturer must obtain information from the 

end users regarding the accumulated usage, maintenance, repairs, operating 

conditions, and storage of the test engines. 

(B) Documents used in the procurement process must be maintained as required. 

(2) The manufacturer may perform minimal restorative maintenance on components of 

a test engine that are not subject to parameter adjustment. Maintenance may include 

only that which is listed in the owner's instructions for engines with the amount of 

service and age of the acquired test engine. Repairs may be performed on a test 

engine with prior Executive Officer approval. Documentation of all maintenance, repairs, 

defects, and adjustments shall be maintained and retained as required. 
11 

(3) At least one valid emission test, according to the Test Procedure, is required for 

each in-use engine. 

(4) The Executive Officer may waive portions or requirements of the test procedure, if 

any, that are not necessary to determine in-use compliance. 

(5) If a selected in-use engine fails to comply with any applicable emission standards, 

the manufacturer shall determine the reason for noncompliance. The manufacturer 

must report within 72 hours after the completion of the test specifying the emission 

results and identifying the pollutant which failed to comply with the emission standard. 

The manufacturer must report all such reasons of noncompliance within fifteen 

business days of completion of testing. Additional time beyond the initial fifteen days 

may be granted providing that the manufacturer receives prior approval from the 

Executive Officer. The reports may be filed electronically or mailed to the following 

address: Chief of Mobile Source Operations Division, 9528 Telstar Avenue, El Monte, 

CA 91731. 

(6) At the discretion of the Executive Officer, an engine manufacturer may test more 

engines than the minima described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section or may concede 

failure before testing a total of ten engines. Upon conceding failure the manufacturer 

shall proceed with a voluntary recall program as specified in Section 2439. 

(7) The Executive Officer will consider failure rates, average emission levels and the 

existence of any defects, among other factors, in determining whether to pursue 

remedial action under this subpart. The Executive Officer may order a recall pursuant to 

Section 2439 before testing reaches the tenth engine whenever the Executive Officer 

has determined, based on production-line test results or in-use test results, 

enforcement testing results, or any other information, that a substantial number of a 

class or category of equipment or engines produced by that manufacturer, although 

properly maintained and used, contain a failure in an emission-related component 

which, if uncorrected, may result in the equipments' or engines' failure to meet 

applicable standards over their useful lives; or whenever a class or category of 

equipment or engines within their useful lives, on average, do not conform to the 

emission standards prescribed pursuant to Part 5 (commencing with Section 43000) of 

Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code, or any regulation adopted by the state board 

pursuant thereto, other than an emissions standard applied to new engines to 

determine "certification" as specified in Chapter 9, as applicable to the model year of 

such equipment or engines. 

(8) Prior to an ARB-ordered recall, the manufacturer may perform a voluntary emissions 

recall pursuant to Article 4.5, Section 2439(b). Such manufacturer is subject to the 

reporting requirements in subsection (d) below. 

(9) Once ARB determines that a substantial number of engines fail to conform with the 

requirements, the manufacturer will not have the option of a voluntary emissions recall. 
12 

(d) In-use test program reporting requirements. 

(1) The manufacturer shall electronically submit to the Executive Officer within three 

months of completion of testing all emission testing results generated from the in-use 

testing program. The following information must be reported for each test engine: 

(A) engine family, 

(B) model, 

(C) engine serial number or alternate identification, as applicable, 

(D) date of manufacture, 

(E) estimated hours of use, 

(F) date and time of each test attempt, 

(G) results (if any) of each test attempt, 

(H) results of all emission testing, 

(I) summary of all maintenance, repairs, and adjustments performed, 

(J) summary (if any) of all ARB pre-approved modifications and repairs, 

(K) determinations of noncompliance or compliance. 

(2) The manufacturer must electronically submit the results of its in-use testing with a 

pre-approved information heading. The Executive Officer may exempt manufacturers 

from this requirement upon written request with supporting justification. 

(3) All testing reports and requests for approvals made under this subpart shall be sent 

to the Executive Officer. 

(4) The Executive Officer may require modifications to a manufacturer's in-use testing 

programs. 

§1048.415 What happens if in-use engines do not meet requirements? 

DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Procedures for In-Use Engine Recalls for Large Off-Road Spark-Ignition Engines with 

an Engine Displacement Greater Than 1.0 Liter. 

(a) The recall procedures in this section apply as set forth in Title 13, California Code of 

Regulations, Sections 2433 and 2438. 
13 

(b) Voluntary Emissions Recall 

(1) When any manufacturer initiates a voluntary emission recall, the manufacturer shall 

notify the Executive Officer of the recall at least 30 days before owner notification is to 

begin. The manufacturer shall also submit to the Executive Officer a voluntary recall 

plan for approval, as prescribed in the following: 

(A)(i) a description of each class or category of engines to recall, including the number 

of engines to be recalled, the engine family or a sub-group thereof, the model year, and 

such other information as may be required to identify the engines: 

(ii) a description of the specific modifications, alterations, repairs, corrections, 

adjustments, or other changes to be made to correct the engines affected by the 

nonconformity; 

(iii) a description of the method by which the manufacturer will notify engine owners 

including copies of any letters of notification to be sent to engine owners; 

(iv) a description of the proper maintenance or use, if any, upon which the manufacturer 

conditions eligibility for repair under the recall plan, and a description of the proof to be 

required of an engine owner to demonstrate compliance with any such conditions; 

(v) a description of the procedure to be followed by engine owners to obtain correction 

of the nonconformity. This shall include designation of the date on or after which the 

owner can have the nonconformity remedied, the time reasonably necessary to perform 

the labor to remedy the nonconformity, and the designation of facilities at which the 

nonconformity can be remedied; 

(vi) a description of the class of persons other than dealers and authorized warranty 

agents of the manufacturer who will remedy the nonconformity; 

(vii) a description of the system by which the manufacturer will assure that an adequate 

supply of parts is available to perform the repair under the plan; or 

(B)(i) a description of each class or category of engines subject to recall, including the 

number of engines subject to being recalled, the engine family or a sub-group thereof, 

the model year, and such other information as may be required to identify the engines; 

(ii) a description of the method by which the manufacturer will use the in-use emissions 

credit, averaging, banking, and trading program, as described in Section 2438(e), to 

remedy the nonconformity. 

(2) Voluntary Recall Progress Report. A manufacturer who initiates a voluntary emission 

recall campaign pursuant to paragraph (b)(1)(A) of this section must submit at least one 

report on the progress of the recall campaign. This report shall be submitted to the 
14 

Executive Officer by the end of the fifth quarter, as defined in Section 2112(j), Chapter 

2, Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, following the quarter in which the 

notification of equipment or engine owners was initiated, and include the following 

information: 

(A) Engine family involved and recall campaign number as designated by the 

manufacturer. 

(B) Date owner notification was begun, and date completed. 

(C) Number of equipment or engines involved in the recall campaign. 

(D) Number of equipment or engines known or estimated to be affected by the 

nonconformity. 

(E) Number of equipment or engines inspected pursuant to the recall plan and found to 

be affected by the nonconformity. 

(F) Number of inspected equipment or engines. 

(G) Number of equipment or engines receiving repair under the recall plan. 

(H) Number of equipment or engines determined to be unavailable for inspection or 

repair under the recall plan due to exportation, theft, scrapping, or for other reasons 

(specify). 

(I) Number of equipment or engines determined to be ineligible for recall action due to 

removed or altered components. 

(J) A listing of the identification numbers of equipment or engines subject to recall but 

for whose repair the manufacturer has not been invoiced. This listing shall be supplied 

in a standardized computer data storage device to be specified by the Executive 

Officer. 

(K) Any service bulletins transmitted to dealers which relate to the nonconformity and 

which have not previously been submitted. 

(L) All communications transmitted to equipment or engine owners which relate to the 

nonconformity and which have not previously been submitted. 

(3) The information gathered by the manufacturer to compile the reports must be 

retained for not less than seven years from the date of the manufacture of the engines 

and must be made available to the Executive Officer or designee of the Executive 

Officer upon request. 

(4) A voluntary recall plan shall be deemed approved unless disapproved by the 
15 

Executive Officer within 20 business days after receipt of the recall plan. 

(5) Under a voluntary recall program, initiated and conducted by a manufacturer or its 

agent or representative as a result of in-use enforcement testing or other evidence of 

noncompliance provided or required by the Board to remedy any nonconformity, the 

capture rate shall be at a minimum 55 percent of the equipment or engine within the 

subject engine family or a sub-group thereof. The manufacturer shall comply with the 

capture rate by the end of the fifth quarter, as defined in Section 2112(j), Chapter 2, 

Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, following the quarter in which the 

notification of equipment or engine owners was initiated. If the manufacturer cannot 

correct the percentage of equipment specified in the plan by the applicable deadlines, 

the manufacturer must use good faith efforts through other measures, subject to 

approval by the Executive Officer, to bring the engine family into compliance with the 

standards. If the Executive Officer does not approve the manufacturer's efforts, the 

manufacturer shall propose mitigation measures to offset the emissions of the 

unrepaired equipment within 45 days from the last report filed pursuant to paragraph 

(b)(2), above. The Executive Officer shall approve such measures provided that: 

(A) The emission reductions from the recalled and repaired equipment or engines and 

the mitigation measures are equivalent to achieving the capture rate; and 

(B) The emission reductions from the mitigation measures are real and verifiable; and 

(C) The mitigation measures are implemented in a timely manner. 

(c) Initiation and Notification of Ordered Emission-Related Recalls. 

(1) A manufacturer shall be notified whenever the Executive Officer has determined, 

based on production-line test results or in-use test results, enforcement testing results, 

or any other information, that a substantial number of a class or category of equipment 

or engines produced by that manufacturer, although properly maintained and used, 

contain a failure in an emission-related component which, if uncorrected, may result in 

the equipments' or engines' failure to meet applicable standards over their useful lives; 

or whenever a class or category of equipment or engines within their useful lives, on 

average, do not conform to the emission standards prescribed pursuant to Part 5 

(commencing with Section 43000) of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code, or any 

regulation adopted by the state board pursuant thereto, other than an emissions 

standard applied to new engines to determine "certification" as specified in Chapter 9, 

as applicable to the model year of such equipment or engines. 

(2) It shall be presumed for purposes of this section that an emission-related failure will 

result in the exceedance of emission standards unless the manufacturer presents 

evidence in accordance with the procedures set forth in subsections (A), (B), and (C) 

which demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Executive Officer that the failure will not 

result in exceedance of emission standards within the useful life of the equipment or 

engine. 
16 

(A) In order to overcome the presumption of noncompliance set forth in paragraph 

(c)(2) above, the average emissions of the equipment and engines with the failed 

emission-related component must comply with applicable emission standards. A 

manufacturer may demonstrate compliance with the emission standards by following 

the procedures set forth in either paragraphs (c)(2)(B) or (c)(2)(C) of this section. 

(B) A manufacturer may test properly maintained in-use equipment with the failed 

emission-related component pursuant to the applicable certification emission tests 

specified in Section 2433, Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations. The emissions 

shall be projected to the end of the equipment's or engine's useful life using in-use 

deterioration factors. The in-use deterioration factors shall be chosen by the 

manufacturer from among the following: 

(i) "Assigned" in-use deterioration factors provided by the ARB on a manufacturer's 

conditions; request and based on ARB in-use testing; or, 

(ii) deterioration factors generated during certification, provided adjustments are made 

to account for equipment aging, customer hour usage-accumulation practices, type of 

failed component, component failure mode, effect of the failure on other emissioncontrol components, commercial fuel and lubricant quality, and any other factor which 

may affect the equipment's or engine's operating or, 

(iii) subject to approval by the Executive Officer, a manufacturer-generated deterioration 

factor. Such deterioration factor must based on in-use data generated from certification 

emission tests performed on properly maintained and used equipment in accordance 

with the procedures set forth in Section 2433 of Title 13 of the California Code of 

Regulations, and the equipment from which it was derived must be representative of the 

in-use fleet with regard to emissions performance and equipped with similar emission 

control technology as equipment with the failed component. 

(C) In lieu of the equipment or engine emission testing described in subsection (B) 

above and subject to approval by the Executive Officer, a manufacturer may perform an 

engineering analysis, laboratory testing or bench testing, when appropriate, to 

demonstrate the effect of the failure. 

(3) The notification shall include a description of each class or category of equipment or 

engines encompassed by the determination of nonconformity, shall set forth the factual 

basis for the determination and shall designate a date at least 45 business days from 

the date of receipt of such notification by which the manufacturer shall submit a plan to 

remedy the nonconformity. 

(4) Availability of Public Hearing. 

(A) The manufacturer may request a public hearing pursuant to the procedures set forth 

in Subchapter 1.25, Division 3, Chapter 1, Title 17, California Code of Regulations to 
17 

contest the finding of nonconformity and the necessity for or the scope of any ordered 

corrective action. 

(B) If a manufacturer requests a public hearing pursuant to subsection (A) above, and if 

the Executive Officer's determination of nonconformity is confirmed at the hearing, the 

manufacturer shall submit the recall plan required by Section 2439 within 30 days after 

receipt of the Board's decision. 

(5) Ordered Recall Plan. 

(A) Unless a public hearing is requested by the manufacturer, a recall plan shall be 

submitted to the Chief, Mobile Source Operations Division, 9528 Telstar Avenue, El 

Monte, CA 91731, within the time limit specified in the notification. The Executive 

Officer may grant the manufacturer an extension upon good cause shown. 

(B) The recall plan shall contain the following: 

(i) A description of each class or category of equipment or engine to be recalled, 

including the engine family or sub-group thereof, the model-year, the make, the model, 

and such other information as may be required to identify the equipment or engines to 

be recalled. 

(ii) A description of the nonconformity and the specific modifications, alterations, 

repairs, corrections, adjustments or other changes to be made to bring the equipment 

or engines into conformity including a brief summary of the data and technical studies 

which support the manufacturer's decision regarding the specific corrections to be 

made. 

(iii) A description of the method by which the manufacturer will determine the names 

and addresses of equipment or engine owners and the method by which they will be 

notified. 

(iv) A description of the procedure to be followed by equipment or engine owners to 

obtain correction of the nonconformity including the date on or after which the owner 

can have the nonconformity remedied, the time reasonably necessary to perform the 

labor required to correct the nonconformity, and the designation of facilities at which the 

nonconformity can be remedied. The repair shall be completed within a reasonable time 

designated by the Executive Officer from the date the owner delivers the equipment or 

engine for repair. This requirement becomes applicable on the date designated by the 

manufacturer as the date on or after which the owner can have the nonconformity 

remedied. 

(v) If some or all of the nonconforming equipment or engines are to be remedied by 

persons other than dealers or authorized warranty agents of the manufacturer, a 

description of such class of persons and a statement indicating that the participating 

members of the class will be properly equipped to perform such remedial action. 
18 

(vi) The capture rate required for each class or category of equipment or engine to be 

recalled. Under recalls based on exceedance of emission standards, the capture rate 

shall be at a minimum 80 percent of the equipment or engine within the subject engine 

family. 

(vii) The plan may specify the maximum incentives (such as a free tune-up or specified 

quantity of free fuel), if any, the manufacturer will offer to induce equipment or engine 

owners to present their equipment for repair, as evidence that the manufacturer has 

made a good faith effort to repair the percentage of equipment or engines specified in 

the plan. The plan shall include a schedule for implementing actions to be taken 

including identified increments of progress towards implementation and deadlines for 

completing each such increment. 

(viii) A copy of the letter of notification to be sent to equipment or engine owners. 

(ix) A description of the system by which the manufacturer will assure that an adequate 

supply of parts will be available to perform the repair under the recall plan including the 

date by which an adequate supply of parts will be available to initiate the repair 

campaign, and the method to be used to assure the supply remains both adequate and 

responsive to owner demand. 

(x) A copy of all necessary instructions to be sent to those persons who are to perform 

the repair under the recall plan. 

(xi) A description of the impact of the proposed changes on fuel economy, operation, 

performance and safety of each class or category of equipment or engines to be 

recalled and a brief summary of the data, technical studies, or engineering evaluations 

which support these descriptions. 

(xii) A description of the impact of the proposed changes on the average emissions of 

the equipment or engines to be recalled based on noncompliance described in 

subsection (c)(1), above. The description shall contain the following: 

(1.) Average noncompliance emission levels. 

(2.) Average emission reduction or increase per pollutant resulting from the recall 

repair. These averages shall be verified by the manufacturer by applying the proposed 

recall repairs to two or more in-use equipment or engines representing the average 

noncompliance emission levels. Only those equipment or engines with baseline 

emission levels within 25 percent of the average emission levels of noncomplying 

pollutant(s) established under the in-use enforcement test program may be used by 

manufacturers to verify proposed recall repairs. The Executive Officer may allow the 

use of equipment or engines exceeding these upper averaging noncompliance limits if 

none which meet the limits can be reasonably procured. 
19 

(3.) An estimate of the average emission level per pollutant for a class or category of 

equipment or engines after repair as corrected by the required capture rate. The 

estimated average emission level shall comply with the applicable emission standards. 

If the average emissions levels achieved by applying the average emission reduction 

per equipment or engine after repair and the estimated capture rate, do not achieve 

compliance with the emissions standards, a manufacturer shall propose other 

measures to achieve average emissions compliance. 

(xiii) Any other information, reports, or data which the Executive Officer may reasonably 

determine to be necessary to evaluate the recall plan. 

(6) Approval and Implementation of Recall Plan. 

(A) If the Executive Officer finds that the recall plan is designed effectively to correct the 

nonconformity and complies with the provisions of this Section, he or she will so notify 

the manufacturer in writing. Upon receipt of the approval notice from the Executive 

Officer, the manufacturer shall commence implementation of the approved plan. 

Notification of equipment or engine owners and the implementation of recall repairs 

shall commence within 45 days of the receipt of notice unless the manufacturer can 

show good cause for the Executive Officer to extend the deadline. 

(B) If the Executive Officer does not approve the recall plan or the mitigation measures 

provided in this Section as submitted, the Executive Officer shall order modification of 

the plan or mitigation measures with such changes and additions as he or she 

determines to be necessary. The Executive Officer shall notify the manufacturer in 

writing of the disapproval and the reasons for the disapproval. 

(C) The manufacturer may contest the Executive Officer's disapproval by requesting a 

public hearing pursuant to the procedures set forth in Subchapter 1.25, Division 3, 

Chapter 1, Title 17, California Code of Regulations. As a result of the hearing, the 

Board may affirm, overturn or modify the Executive Officer's action. In its decision, 

affirming or modifying, the Board shall specify the date by which the manufacturer shall 

commence notifying equipment or engine owners and implementing the required recall 

repairs. 

(D) If no public hearing is requested in accordance with (C) above, the manufacturer 

shall incorporate the changes and additions required by the Executive Officer and shall 

commence notifying equipment or engine owners and implementing the required recall 

repairs within 60 days of the manufacturer's receipt of the Executive Officer's 

disapproval. 

(7) Notification of Owners. 

(A) Notification to equipment or engine owners shall be made by first class mail or by 

such other means as approved by the Executive Officer provided, that for good cause, 

the Executive Officer may require the use of certified mail to ensure an effective 
20 

notification. 

(B) The manufacturer shall use all reasonable means necessary to locate equipment or 

engine owners provided, that for good cause, the Executive Officer may require the 

manufacturer to use motor equipment registration lists, as applicable, available from 

State or commercial sources to obtain the names and addresses of equipment or 

engine owners to ensure effective notification. 

(C) The Executive Officer may require subsequent notification by the manufacturer to 

equipment or engine owners by first class mail or other reasonable means provided, 

that for good cause, the Executive Officer may require the use of certified mail to 

ensure effective notification. 

(D) The notification of equipment or engine owners shall contain the following: 

(i) The statement: "The California Air Resources Board has determined that your 

(equipment or engine) (is or may be) releasing air pollutants which exceed (California or 

California and Federal) standards. These standards were established to protect your 

health and welfare from the dangers of air pollution." 

(ii) A statement that the nonconformity of any such equipment or engines will be 

remedied at the expense of the manufacturer. 

(iii) A statement that eligibility may not be denied solely on the basis that the equipment 

or engine owner used parts not manufactured by the original equipment manufacturer, 

or had repairs performed by outlets other than the equipment or engine manufacturer's 

franchised dealers. 

(iv) A clear description of the components which will be affected by the recall action and 

a general statement of the measures to be taken to correct the nonconformity. 

(v) [Reserved] 

(vi) A description of the adverse effects, if any, that an uncorrected nonconformity 

would have on the performance, fuel economy, or driveability of the equipment or 

engine or to the function of other engine components. 

(vii) A description of the procedure which the equipment or engine owner should follow 

to obtain correction of the nonconformity including the date on or after which the owner 

can have the nonconformity remedied, the time reasonably necessary to correct the 

nonconformity, and a designation of the facilities located in California at which the 

nonconformity can be remedied. 

(viii) After the effective date of the recall enforcement program referred to above, a 

statement that a certificate showing that the equipment has been repaired under the 

recall program shall be issued by the service facilities and that such a certificate may be 
21 

required as a condition of equipment registration or operation, as applicable. 

(ix) A card to be used by a equipment or engine owner in the event the equipment or 

engine to be recalled has been sold. Such card should be addressed to the 

manufacturer, have postage paid, and shall provide a space in which the owner may 

indicate the name and address of the person to whom the equipment or engine was 

sold. 

(x) The statement: "In order to ensure your full protection under the emission warranty 

made applicable to your (equipment or engine) by State or Federal law, and your right 

to participate in future recalls, it is recommended that you have your (equipment or 

engine) serviced as soon as possible. Failure to do so could be determined to be a lack 

of proper maintenance of your (equipment or engine)". 

(xi) A telephone number provided by the manufacturer, which may be used to report 

difficulty in obtaining recall repairs. 

(xii) The manufacturer shall not condition eligibility for repair on the proper maintenance 

or use of the equipment except for strong or compelling reasons and with approval of 

the Executive Officer; however, the manufacturer shall not be obligated to repair a 

component which has been removed or altered so that the recall action cannot be 

performed without additional cost. 

(xiii) No notice sent pursuant to Section (D), nor any other communication sent to 

equipment or engine owners or dealers shall contain any statement, express or implied, 

that the nonconformity does not exist or will not degrade air quality. 

(xiv) The manufacturer shall be informed of any other requirements pertaining to the 

notification under this section which the Executive Officer has determined are 

reasonable and necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the recall campaign. 

(8) Repair Label. 

(A) The manufacturer shall require those who perform the repair under the recall plan to 

affix a label to each equipment or engine repaired or, when required, inspected under 

the recall plan. 

(B) The label shall be placed in a location as approved by the Executive Officer and 

shall be fabricated of a material suitable for such location and which is not readily 

removable. 

(C) The label shall contain the recall campaign number and a code designating the 

facility at which the repair, inspection for repair, was performed. 

(9) Proof of Correction Certificate. The manufacturer shall require those who perform 

the recall repair to provide the owner of each equipment or engine repaired with a 
22 

certificate, through a protocol and in a format prescribed by the Executive Officer, which 

indicates that the noncomplying equipment or engine has been corrected under the 

recall program. This requirement shall become effective and applicable upon the 

effective date of the recall enforcement program referred to in this section, above. 

(10) Capture Rates and Alternative Measures. 

The manufacturer shall comply with the capture rate specified in the recall plan as 

determined pursuant to this Section, above, by the end of the fifth quarter, as defined in 

Section 2112(j), Chapter 2, Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, following the 

quarter in which the notification of equipment or engine owners was initiated. If, after 

good faith efforts, the manufacturer cannot correct the percentage of equipment 

specified in the plan by the applicable deadlines and cannot take other measures to 

bring the engine family into compliance with the standards, the manufacturer shall 

propose mitigation measures to offset the emissions of the unrepaired equipment within 

45 days from the last report filed pursuant to Section 2439(c)(13), below. The Executive 

Officer shall approve such measures provided that: 

(A) The emission reductions from the recalled and repaired equipment or engines and 

the mitigation measures are equivalent to achieving the capture rate; and 

(B) The emission reductions from the mitigation measures are real and verifiable; and 

(C) The mitigation measures are implemented in a timely manner. 

(11) Preliminary Tests. The Executive Officer may require the manufacturer to conduct 

tests on components and equipment or engines incorporating a proposed correction, 

repair, or modification reasonably designed and necessary to demonstrate the 

effectiveness of the correction, repair, or modification. 

(12) Communication with Repair Personnel. The manufacturer shall provide to the 

Executive Officer a copy of all communications which relate to the recall plan directed to 

dealers and other persons who are to perform the repair. Such copies shall be mailed 

to the Executive Officer contemporaneously with their transmission to dealers and other 

persons who are to perform the repair under the recall plan. 

(13) Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements. 

(A) The manufacturer shall maintain sufficient records to enable the Executive Officer to 

conduct an analysis of the adequacy of the recall campaign. For each class or category 

of equipment or engine, the records shall include, but need not be limited to, the 

following: 

(i) Engine family involved and recall campaign number as designated by the 

manufacturer. 
23 

(ii) Date owner notification was begun, and date completed. 

(iii) Number of equipment or engines involved in the recall campaign. 

(iv) Number of equipment or engines known or estimated to be affected by the 

nonconformity. 

(v) Number of equipment or engines inspected pursuant to the recall plan and found to 

be affected by the nonconformity. 

(vi) Number of inspected equipment or engines. 

(vii) Number of equipment or engines receiving repair under the recall plan. 

(viii) Number of equipment or engines determined to be unavailable for inspection or 

repair under the recall plan due to exportation, theft, scrapping, or for other reasons 

(specify). 

(ix) Number of equipment or engines determined to be ineligible for recall action due to 

removed or altered components. 

(x) A listing of the identification numbers of equipment or engines subject to recall but 

for whose repair the manufacturer has not been invoiced. This listing shall be supplied 

in a standardized computer data storage device to be specified by the Executive 

Officer. The frequency of this submittal, as specified in subsection (C) below, may be 

changed by the Executive Officer depending on the needs of recall enforcement. 

(xi) Any service bulletins transmitted to dealers which relate to the nonconformity and 

which have not previously been submitted. 

(xii) All communications transmitted to equipment or engine owners which relate to the 

nonconformity and which have not previously been submitted. 

(B) If the manufacturer determines that the original responses to subsections (A)(iii) and 

(iv) of these procedures are incorrect, revised figures and an explanatory note shall be 

submitted. Responses to subsections (A)(v), (vi), (vii), (viii), and (ix) shall be cumulative 

totals. 

(C) Unless otherwise directed by the Executive Officer, the information specified in 

subsection (A) of these procedures shall be included in six quarterly reports or two 

annual reports, beginning with the quarter in which the notification of owners was 

initiated, or until all nonconforming equipment or engines involved in the campaign have 

been remedied, whichever occurs sooner. Such reports shall be submitted no later than 

25 days after the close of each calendar quarter. 

(D) The manufacturer shall maintain in a form suitable for inspection, such as computer 
24 

information storage devices or card files, and shall make available to the Executive 

Officer or his or her authorized representative upon request, lists of the names and 

addresses of equipment or engine owners: 

(i) To whom notification was given; 

(ii) Who received remedial repair or inspection under the recall plan; and 

(iii) Who were denied eligibility for repair due to removed or altered components. 

(E) The records and reports required by these procedures shall be retained for not less 

than one year beyond the useful life of the equipment or engines involved, or one year 

beyond the reporting time frame specified in subsection (C) above, whichever is later. 

(14) Penalties. 

Failure by a manufacturer to carry out all recall actions ordered by the Executive Officer 

pursuant to Sections 2439(c) of these procedures is a violation of Health and Safety 

Code Section 43013 and 43105 and shall subject the manufacturer, on a per engine 

basis, to any and all remedies available under Part 5, Division 26 of the Health and 

Safety Code, sections 43000 et seq. 

(d) Extension of Time. The Executive Officer may extend any deadline in the plan if he 

or she finds in writing that a manufacturer has shown good cause for such extension. 

(e) The Executive Officer may waive any or all of the requirements of these procedures 

if he or she determines that the requirement constitutes an unwarranted burden on the 

manufacturer without a corresponding emission reduction. 

§1048.420 What in-use testing information must I report to EPA? 

DELETE 

§1048.425 What records must I keep? 

DELETE 
25 

Subpart F—Test Procedures 

§1048.501 How do I run a valid emission test? 

§1048.505 How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles, including 

ramped-modal testing? 

§1048.510 Which duty cycles do I use for transient testing? 

§1048.515 What are the field-testing procedures? 

Subpart G—Compliance Provisions 

§1048.601 What compliance provisions apply to these engines? 

§1048.605 What provisions apply to engines certified under the motor-vehicle 

program? 

§1048.610 What provisions apply to vehicles certified under the motor-vehicle 

program? 

§1048.615 What are the provisions for exempting engines designed for lawn and 

garden applications? 

DELETE 

§1048.620 What are the provisions for exempting large engines fueled by natural 

gas? 

§1048.625 What special provisions apply to engines using noncommercial fuels? 

§1048.630 What are the provisions for exempting engines used solely for 

competition? 

§1048.635 What special provisions apply to branded engines? 

Subpart H—[Reserved] 

Subpart I—Definitions and Other Reference Information 

§1048.801 What definitions apply to this part? 

The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply to all subparts unless 

we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the meaning the Act gives to them. The 

definitions follow: 
26 

* * * * * 

All-terrain vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1051.801 

DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: All-terrain vehicle has the meaning given in Title 

13, California Code of Regulations, Chapter 9, Article 3, Off-Highway Recreational 

Vehicles and Engines. 

* * * * * 

Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Engine Programs Group 

(6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., 

Washington, DC 20460. 

DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

 Designated Compliance Officer means the Executive Officer of the California Air 

Resources Board or a designee of the Executive Officer. 

Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement Division 

(2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, 

Washington, DC 20460. 

DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Designated Enforcement Officer means any officer or employee of the California Air 

Resources Board so designated in writing by the Executive Officer or by the Executive 

Officer's designee. 

* * * * * 

Small-volume engine manufacturer means a company with fewer than 200 

employees. This includes any employees working for parent or subsidiary companies. 

DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 

Small-volume manufacturer means an engine manufacturer that produces a total of 

less than 2000 large spark-ignition engines annually for sale in the United States of 

America. 

* * * * * 

§1048.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use? 

§1048.810 What materials does this part reference?

§1048.815 What provisions apply to confidential information? 

§1048.820 How do I request a hearing from the executive officer of the ARB? 

DELETE AND REPLACE WITH: 
27 

(a) You may request a hearing under certain circumstances, as described elsewhere in 

this part. To do this, you must file a written request, including a description of your 

objection and any supporting data, within 30 days after we make a decision. 

(b) For a hearing you request under the provisions of this part, we will approve your 

request if we find that your request raises a substantial factual issue. 

(c) If we agree to hold a hearing, we will use the procedures specified in 

§1048.15(b)(7). 

Appendix I to Part 1048—Large Spark-ignition (SI) Transient Cycle for Constant-Speed 

Engines 

Appendix II to Part 1048—Large Spark-ignition (SI) Composite Transient Cycle