LIST OF CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PRAC

MAY 20, 2004

 1 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Alternate Till Rotate tillage leaving residue on 

soil

Tilling alternate rows for weed management allows for approximately 50% reduction in field activity. Stabilizes soil surface, reduces soil compaction

Tillage of alternate rows, of vineyapasses across field.

Bed-row size or spacing Increase or decrease the size of 

the planting area bed (can be done for field and permanent crops)

Reduces the number of passes and soil disturbance by increasing plant density/canopy thru reduction of row width, overhead vineyard production systems, containment of PM within canopy

Planting multi- rows on a wide be60", Narrow row planting of cotton passes; overhead vineyard system and pesticides by shading unwant

cultivation and pesticides, other pbenefits, including but not limited tas a 60"system for either cotton o

Chemigation/Fertigation Application of chemicals thru an 

irrigation system

Each application reduces the need to travel in-field for application purposes. Reduces the number of passes and soil disturbance, increases efficiency for application

During irrigation, add herbicide or also includes aerial application 

Combined operations To combine equipment, to 

perform several operations during one pass

Reduction in the number of passes necessary to cultivate the land will result in fewer disturbances to the soil. Other benefits are reduction of soil compaction and time to prepare fields, both of which can be precursors to additional tillage requirements

Combining cane cutting, discing avineyards, use of one- pass till eqtillage, cultivation and fertilization 

Conservation irrigation To conserve the quantity of water 

use, e.g.: drip, sprinkler, buried/underground line

Conserves water, reduces weed population, which in turn reduces the need for tillage and reduces soil compaction.

Use drip, or buried line (including crop production, use of pressure bmonitoring devices to avoid over-iconsultants, adopting the use of E

 CROPLAND -LAND PREPARATION / CULTIVA

 2 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Conservation tillage (e.g.: no tillage, minimum tillage)

Types of tillage that reduce loss of soil and water in comparison to conventional tillage

Reduces the number of passes, soil disturbance. It improves soil because it retains plant residue and increases organic matter.

Converting to no or low till operatiadding soil/ water amendments to needs

Cover crops Use seeding or natural 

vegetation/regrowth of plants to cover soil surface

Reduces soil disturbance due to wind erosion and entrainment.

Plant or allow volunteer vegetatiothereby reducing tillage and increa

Equipment changes/Technological improvements

To modify the equipment such as combines, cotton pickers, tilling and harvesting equipment, increase equipment size, modify land planing and land leveling, matching the equipment to row spacing, grafting to new varieties or technological improvements

Reduces the number of passes during an operation, therefore reducing soil disturbance. 

Convert from conventional raisin ografting to new varieties, increase increase tillage equipment size to 

Fallowing land temporary or permanent removal 

from production. (e.g.: vineyard pullout, Raisin Industry Diversion program, wildlife/wetlands conservation program)

Eliminates entire operation/passes or reduces activities. Leaving a portion of field untilled , 

Floor management Smoothing and flattening the soil 

surface after nut harvest to remove post-harvest residue; maintain clean, smooth, firm floor throughout season by elimination of disking

Reduces passes thru elimination of disking Maintain level floor, chemical trea

irrigation or otherwise firming of so

 3 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Integrated Pest Management

A decision process which uses a combination of techniques including organic, conventional, biological farming practices to suppress pests problems

Reduces use of herbicide/pesticide therefore reducing number of passes for spraying, reduced soil compaction , reducing the need for additional tillage, creates beneficial insect habitat, reducing the need for spray passes.

Monitoring crop for pests to accurmeasures, use county Farm Advisincorporate biological practices intspraying

Mulching Applying or leaving plant residue 

or other material to soil surface

Reduces entrainment of PM due to winds, reduces weed competition thereby reducing tillage passes & compaction.

May include organic material, gypcovers or plastic mulches for vege

Night farming Operate at night where practical 

when moisture levels are higher and winds are lighter

Decreases the concentration of PM emissions during daytime, increased ambient humidity reduces PM during high emissions periods

Increased humidity increases soil contain P.M. emissions from tillag

Non tillage / Chemical tillage

Use flail mower, low volume sprayers, use heat delivery system ( as harvest preconditioner)

Reduces soil compaction, stabilizes soil through elimination or reduction of soil tillage passes

Leaving residue on surface after mherbicides, scorching of weeds or competition. Semi-permanent cro

Organic Practices Use biological control methods, 

use non-chemical control methods

Reduces chemical use, thereby reducing passes Organic certification, biological co

Precision farming (GPS) e.g.: GPS, using satellite 

navigation to calculate position in the field, therefore manage/treat selective area

Reduces overlap, allows operations during inclement weather conditions and at night.

Install overlap reduction technologapplication technology, use petiole unnecessary applications

Time of planting To modify the time of planting Assists in distributing PM10 emissions to a period when 

there's less PM concentration.

When possible plant early seasonvegetables, some tree varieties, in

Transgenic crops Use of GMO or Transgenic crops Reduces need for tillage or cultivation operations, 

reduces soil disturbance.

May include genetically altered segrafting

Transplanting Planting plants already in a 

growth state

Reduces soil disturbance and number of passes compared to using seeding

Instead of direct seeding, use tranvegetable crops

 4 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Baling/Large Balers Using balers to harvest crop Reduce P.M. emissions from chopping, truck passes, 

residue burning

Bale forage, grain stubble, or crop 

Combined operations To combine equipment, 

performing several operations during one pass

Reduction in number of passes necessary to harvest the crop, will result in fewer disturbances to the soil and reduced soil compaction.

Boll buggys,bankout wagons, bulk gondolas, combined shredding an

Continuous tray/D.O.V., New drying techniques for dried fruit

Any technology to reduce labor and tillage

Reduces the number of equipment passes, field entry, and soil erosion

Will reduce passes in field becausi.e. terracing and throwing back in 

Equipment changes/Technological improvements

To modify the equipment such as combines, cotton pickers, tilling and harvesting equipment, increase equipment size, modify land planing and land leveling, matching the equipment to row spacing, and technological improvements

Reduces the number of passes during an operation, therefore reducing soil disturbance. 

Convert cotton operation from 2 tconventional raisin operation to Dincrease harvester head size to reequipment size to reduce passes 

Fallowing land temporary or permanent removal 

from production. (e.g.: vineyard pullout, Raisin Industry Diversion program, wildlife/wetlands conservation program)

Eliminates entire operation/passes or reduces activities. remove or leave out an area of far

tillage pesticide application, harve

Floor management Smoothing and flattening the soil 

surface after nut harvest to remove post-harvest residue; maintain clean, smooth, firm floor throughout season by elimination of disking

Allows for proper calibration of harvest equipment to reduce soil surface disturbance.

Maintain level floor, chemical treairrigation or otherwise firming of so

Green Chop The harvesting of a forage crop 

without allowing it to dry in the field.

Reduces multiple equipment passes in-field, reduces soil disturbance, reduces soil compaction, reduces dust emissions from dry materials.

Alfalfa, winter forage, silage corn.

CROPLAND-HARVEST

 5 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Hand harvesting Harvesting crop by hand Reduces soil disturbance due to machinery passes. use where practical, may be the oNight Harvesting Implementing cultural practices at 

night, or at times of high humidity.

Reduces P.M. by operating when ambient air is moist, thereby reducing emissions.

Increased humidity may increase contain P.M. emissions from tillag

No burning Switching to a crop/system that 

would not require waste burning

Reduces emissions associated with burning Non- burning may include elimina

materials

Pre-Harvest soil preparation

Applying a light amount of water or stabilizing material to soil prior to harvest ( when possible)

Reduces P.M. emissions at harvest A light application of water to soil 

dust.

Shed Packing Packing commodities in a 

covered or closed area

Reduces field traffic, thereby reducing P.M. emissions Moving crops out of field, by way 

designated pack area.

Shuttle system/larger carrier

multiple bin/trailer Haul multiple or larger trailers/bins per trip thereby 

reducing emissions through reduced passes.

Boll buggys,cotton modules versubulk movement of commodity from 

Alternate Till Rotate tillage, leaving residue on 

soil

Tilling alternate rows for weed management allows for approximately 50% reduction in field activity. Stabilizes soil surface, reduces soil compaction, reduces windblown dust.

Tillage of alternate rows, of vineyapasses across field.

Application Efficiencies Use compact, low volume, or 

concentrate quantity with spray equipment, aerial applications, use micro-heads or infrared spot sprayer, electrostatic sprayers

Reduces soil compaction, passes, and chemical usage Low volume sprayer heads, photo

spraying, variable rate applicators emissions and apply spray to des

Baling/Large Balers Using balers to harvest crop Reduce P.M. emissions from chopping, truck passes, 

residue burning

Bale forage, grain stubble, or crop 

Bulk materials control Minimize visible dust emissions 

from bulk materials

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To apply water or suitable chemic

with tarps, plastic or suitable matesurrounding the bulk materials

CROPLAND-OTHER

 6 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Chemigation/Fertigation

Application of chemicals thru an irrigation system

Each application reduces the need to travel in-field for application purposes. Reduces the number of passes and soil disturbance, increases efficiency for application

During irrigation, add herbicide or also includes aerial application.

Conservation irrigation To conserve the quantity of water 

use, e.g.: drip, sprinkler, buried/underground line

Conserves water, reduces weed population, which in turn reduces the need for tillage and reduces soil compaction.

Use drip, or buried line (including crop production, use of pressure bmonitoring devices to avoid over-iconsultants, adopting the use of E

Cover crops Use seeding or natural 

vegetation/regrowth of plants to cover soil surface

Reduces soil disturbance due to wind erosion and entrainment, improves water penetration, increases organic matter, improves soil tilth

Plant or allow volunteer vegetatiothereby reducing tillage and increa

Fallowing land temporary or permanent removal 

from production. (e.g.: vineyard pullout, Raisin Industry Diversion program, wildlife/wetlands conservation program)

Eliminates entire operation/passes or reduces activities. Remove or leave out an area of fa

tillage pesticide application, harve

Grinding/Chipping/ Shredding 

Grinding prunings and orchard removals, instead of burning, incorporate to soil, to reduce emissions

Reducing P.M. from burning crop residues. Using Bio-mass, chippers rather t

limbs, flailing of vegetation instead orchard removal material to poweuse for soil amendment, or, incorp

Integrated Pest Management

A decision process which uses a combination of techniques including organic, conventional, biological farming practices to suppress pests problems

Reduces use of herbicide/pesticide therefore reducing number of passes for spraying, reduced soil compaction , reducing the need for additional tillage, creates beneficial insect habitat, reducing the need for spray passes.

Monitoring crop for pests to accurmeasures, use county Farm Advis

 7 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Irrigation Power Units Use cleaner burning engines, 

electric motors (CMP only applicable if engines are cleaner than current rule requirements)

Reduces P.M. and NOx emissions. New Tier II engines, electric moto

Mulching Applying plant residue or other 

material to soil surface or incorporating into soil.

Reduces entrainment of PM due to winds, reduces weed competition thereby reducing passes, compaction.

May include organic material, gypcovers

Night farming Operate at night where practical 

when moisture levels are higher and winds are lighter

Decreases the concentration of PM emissions during daytime, increased ambient humidity reduces PM during high emissions periods, reduces PM10 precursors.

Increased humidity increases soil contain P.M. emissions from tillag

No burning Switching to a crop/system that 

would not require waste burning

Reduces practices associated with pruning and chipping Non- burning may include; pestici

prunings, other residual crop resid

Non tillage / Chemical tillage

Use flail mower, low volume sprayers, e.g.: use heat delivery system for cotton defoliation

Reduces soil compaction, stabilizes soil through elimination or reduction of soil tillage passes

Leaving residue on surface after mherbicides, scorching of weeds inscompetition

Organic Practices Use biological control methods, 

use non-chemical control methods

Reduces chemical use Organic certification, biological co

Permanent Crops Having an established permanent 

crop 

Reduces incidence of wind blown dust Trees, Vines or certain semi-perm

Reduced pruning Reduce frequency of pruning 

(e.g.: one time per year, or every other year)

Reduces soil disturbance due to machinery passes and reduce fuel use.

Topping, hedging, alternate row p

 8 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Soil amendments Organic or chemical materials 

applied to the soil for improvement (e.g.: gypsum, lime, polyacrilamide)

Increase moisture retention, reduce soil compaction, stabilize soil.

May include Organic material, gypcovers

Soil incorporation Disking residues and/or soil 

incorporation of residue

Reduces emissions from burning. May include discing of chips or cro

points on farm or other farms for ibio-mass, humus

Sulfur - reduction or elimination of dusting

Organic chemical used to control disease in crop, ornamental and home and gardens

Reduced dry particulates. Control disease through alternativ

biological or other controls

Surface roughening Leaving soil surface as it stands 

or clods of soil when fallow, preparing planting surface perpendicular to wind direction 

Reduces entrainment of PM due to winds Till perpendicular to predominate 

especially during the high wind pegeologic emissions. 

Transgenic crops Use "herbicide-ready" Reduces soil disturbance and weeding passes, and 

lessens drift.

May include genetically altered segrafting

Wind barrier Artificial or vegetative wall/fence 

that disrupts the erosive flow of wind over unprotected land

Reduces entrainment of PM due to winds Plant various wind breaks around 

oleanders, euclypyus,juniper nativ

Chips / MulchesOrganic MaterialsPolymersRoad oilSand

CROPLAND- UNPAVED ROADS

Application of any non-toxic chemical or organic dust suppressant which meets any specification required by any federal, state, or local water agency and is not prohibited for use by any applicable regulations. See Regulation VIII for additional requirements and see Agriculture Improving Resources (AIR) Partner's list of products available

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust Application of suppressant to area

threshold

 9 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Gravel Placing a layer of gravel with 

enough depth to minimize dust generated from vehicle movement and to dislodge any excess debris which can become entrained

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To add a layer of washed gravel, 

Mechanical Pruning Using a machine instead of hand 

labor to prune 

Reduced vehicle trips, thereby reducing P.M. emissions Pruning style can include tree hed

trimming, vineyard hedging or oth

Paving To pave currently unpaved roads Prevent dust from vehicle traffic To pave unpaved roadsRestricted Access To restrict public access to 

private roads

Reduces vehicle traffic and thus reduces associated fugitive dust

To install a device which will limit operation

Speed Limits Enforcement of speeds that 

reduce visible dust emissions

Dust emissions from unpaved roads are a function of speed meaning reducing speed reduces dust

Posting speed limits on or surroun

Track out control Minimize any and all material that 

adheres to and agglomerates on all vehicles and equipment from unpaved roads and falls onto a paved public road or the paved shoulder of a paved public road

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust Accomplished by maintaining suff

roads to allow mud and dirt to drouse of a grizzly to dislodge debris vehicles leaving site.

Water Application of water to unpaved 

roads and traffic areas

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust Application of water to areas mee

Wind barrier Artificial or vegetative wall/fence 

that disrupts the erosive flow of wind over unprotected land

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust due to winds Plant various wind breaks around 

oleanders, eucalyptus, juniper natfield till, etc

 10 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Chips / MulchesOrganic MaterialsPolymersRoad oilSandGravel Placing a layer of gravel with 

enough depth to minimize dust generated from vehicle movement and to dislodge any excess debris which can become entrained

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To add a layer of washed gravel, 

Paving To pave currently unpaved areas Prevent dust from vehicle traffic To pave unpaved areasRestricted Access To restrict public access to 

private roads

Reduces vehicle traffic and thus reduces associated fugitive dust

To install a device which will limit operation

Speed Limits Enforcement of speeds that 

reduce visible dust emissions

Dust emissions from unpaved roads are a function of speed meaning reducing speed reduces dust

Posting speed limits on or surroun

Track out control Minimize any and all material that 

adheres to and agglomerates on all vehicles and equipment from unpaved roads and falls onto a paved public road or the paved shoulder of a paved public road

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust Accomplished by maintaining suff

roads to allow mud and dirt to drouse of a grizzly to dislodge debris vehicles leaving site.

Water Application of water to unpaved 

roads and traffic areas

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust Application of water to areas mee

CROPLANDUNPAVED VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT TRAFFIC AR

Application of any non-toxic chemical or organic dust suppressant which meets any specification required by any federal, state, or local water agency and is not prohibited for use by any applicable regulations. See Regulation VIII for additional requirements

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust Application of suppressant to area

threshold

 11 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Wind barrier Artificial or vegetative wall/fence 

that disrupts the erosive flow of wind over unprotected land

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust due to winds Plant various wind breaks around 

oleanders, eucalyptus, juniper natfield till, etc

AlternateBed, Bed RowChemigationDisturb, DisturbanceDisc,Disk,DiskingEquipmentFertigationFloorNon-TillageTillage

CROPLAND-Glossary of terms

To work the soil in a fashion where it would no longer be in a firm or stable stateAn implement designed and used, when pulled behind a tractor, mixes soil and eliminates weeds To do activity in an every-other-month rotation, or every-other row fashionA surface prepared for the planting of seeds or crop Applying chemicals through an irrigation systemUsing an implement to disturb the soil surface or sub-surfaceImplement of farm husbandry including but not limited to; tractor, disk, plow, spray machine,cultivator,trailer.Applying plant nutrients through an irrigation systemThe area of ground that is between the width of trees or vines. Also called the centers.A system whereby the soil is not moved through mechanical means

 12 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Time of manure spreading To spread the manure at a time 

that would help reduce the amount of PM10 released in the air

Reduces the amount of fugitive dust released in the air To spread manure during cooler t

evening and during times of low w

Cleanout frequency To adjust the frequency of 

cleanouts from the houses 

 Reduces particulates released from poultrylitter/manure accumulating or stored inside houses. The less disturbance and handling of the litter/manure, the less emissions. Any time poultry bedding material is moved, some of the bulk material may become airborne. The bedding may be used for several grow out cycles before it becomes so laden with waste that it is unsuitable for continued use. Optimizing the reuse of the bedding material can reduce the number of material transfers, thus the opportunity for some of the material to become airborne. Implementation of this CMP implies that the generation of dust will become a factor in the determination to perform a house clean-out, and more reuse of bedding is anticipated. 

To allow bedding materials and mmultiple flocks or grow out cycles, cleanouts to minimize dust emissi

Outdoor Storage To use of a structure design to 

store the bulk materials (e.g.: used poultry litter/manure) or to securely cover the bulk materials if it must be stored outdoors not within any enclosure 

 Prevents contact with precipitation and prevents windblown dispersion. Poultry litter consists mainly of light organic materials such as rice hulls or wood shavings. During a poultry house cleanout the used litter is scrapped out of the house and left in piles outdoors. If left in these outdoor piles for extended periods, winds can cause material to become airborne. Any technique that will shield the litter from wind will prevent or reduce the amount of material becoming airborne. Securely tarping the piles will protect the used litter from precipitation and windblown dispersal until the liter can be removed from the ranch. A partially enclosed structure, with walls situated in the prevailing wind direction, may be used to protect used litter stored onsite from precipitation and windblown dispersal.

To employ a structure design to stbedding material) onsite or to covor suitable materials.

POULTRY OPERATIONS - MANURE HANDLING & 

 13 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Boot or sock Feed is loaded into the feed 

storage bins by employing a sock or boot on the feed delivery truck auger

To reduce the release of particulates Use of a sock or boot on the deliv

Vegetation Maintaining some vegetation, 

such as native grasses, on vacant land 

 Reduces windblown dust. Allowing vegetative material to gro

Reduced tillage To reduce the number of tillings Reducing soil disturbance by stabilizing soil surface Leaving residue on surface after m

herbicides, scorching of weeds inscompetition

Windblocks To establish a perimeter physical 

barrier to reduce windblown dust. 

Disrupts the erosive flow of wind over unprotected areas thus helping to reduce fugitive dust

Use of perimeter physical barriers flow

Dust suppressants Application of any non-toxic 

chemical or organic dust suppressant which meets any specification required by any federal, state, or local water agency and is not prohibited for use by any applicable regulations. See Regulation VII for additional requirements

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To use a variety of products: wate

suppressants (road salts), petroleemulsions, and bituminous materisuppressants will bind soils. r, sofarm, etc

Gravel Placing a layer of gravel with 

enough depth to minimize dust generated from vehicle movement and to dislodge any excess debris which can become entrained

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To add a layer of washed gravel, 

Access restriction To restrict public access to 

private roads

Reduces vehicle traffic and thus reduces particulates emissions

To install a device which will limit operation

Pavement To pave currently unpaved areas Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To pave unpaved roads to preven

POULTRY OPERATION - UNPAVED ROAD

POULTRY OPERATION - OPEN AREAS

POULTRY OPERATIONS - FEEDING

 14 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Dust suppressants Application of any non-toxic 

chemical or organic dust suppressant which meets any specification required by any federal, state, or local water agency and is not prohibited for use by any applicable regulations. See Regulation VII for additional 

requirements

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To use a variety of products: wate

suppressants (road salts), petroleemulsions, and bituminous materisuppressants will bind soils. r, sofarm, etc

Speed reduction Enforcement of speeds that 

reduce visible dust emissions

Dust emissions from unpaved roads are a function of speed so reducing speed reduces dust

Posting speed limits on or surroun

Track out control Minimize any and all material that 

adheres to and agglomerates on all vehicles and equipment from unpaved roads and falls onto a paved public road or the paved shoulder of a paved public road

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust Accomplished by maintaining suff

roads to allow mud and dirt to drouse of a grizzly to dislodge debris vehicles leaving site.

Vegetation To establish or maintain natural 

vegetation

Vegetation prevents wind erosion Allowing vegetative material to gro

Access restriction To restrict public access to 

private roads

Reduces vehicle traffic and thus reduces particulates emissions

To install a device which will limit operation

Gravel Placing a layer of gravel with 

enough depth to minimize dust generated from vehicle movement and to dislodge any excess debris which can become entrained

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To add a layer of washed gravel, 

Pavement To pave currently unpaved areas Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To pave unpaved areas to preven

POULTRY OPS. - UNPAVED VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT 

AREAS

 15 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Dust suppressants Application of any non-toxic 

chemical or organic dust suppressant which meets any specification required by any federal, state, or local water agency and is not prohibited for use by any applicable regulations. See Regulation VIII for additional requirements

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To use a variety of products: wate

suppressants (road salts), petroleemulsions, and bituminous materisuppressants will bind soils. r, sofarm, etc

Vegetation To establish/maintain natural 

vegetation or vegetation to prevent wind erosion

Vegetation prevents wind erosion Allowing vegetative material to gro

Sprinkling of open corral Ensure adequate corral surface 

moisture level to prevent visible dust emissions. *This measure is not recommended for lactating cows

Stabilizes soil surface allowing for fugitive dust reduction. Sprinkling provides higher moisture content and causes soil compaction rather than loose, dry dirt being kicked up in the air by animal movement action.

Installation of sprinklers or other wadequate moisture level

Frequent scraping and or manure removal

Removal of manure from open corrals

Reduces potential for dust disturbance caused by animal's hoof action by maintaining minimal amount of dry dust on corral surface.

Prevent build up of powdery dust 

Freestall housing Use of freestall housing Reduction in amount of generated dust. Concrete floor 

for manure deposition allows cleaning of manure through a flushing system, also the manure would already be in a high moist state.

Use of freestall

Fibrous layer in dusty areas Addition of fibrous material to 

working pens

Prevents dust disturbance and dust entrainment by retaining moisture

Adding wood chips or other materareas to hold moisture and keep ddamp manure solids right off of thdaily basis and working it with a ro

Pull-type Manure harvesting equipment

Using a pull-type piece of equipment to leave an even corral surface

Stabilizes soil surface allowing for fugitive dust reduction by avoiding floor depression for dust accumulation and accumulation of dry soil/manure.

Piece of equipment should allow osurface of compacted manure on better than pushing blades

Scraping/harrowing Scraping/ harrowing in morning 

hours when moisture is higher.

Reduction in amount of generated dust by retaining moisture.

Scraping/ harrowing in early morn

DAIRY OPERATIONS - CORRAL/ MANURE HAN

 16 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Shaded areas in open corrals

Animals in open pens will loaf in shade areas increasing stocking density and reducing dust

Reduction in amount of generated dust by retaining moisture.

Providing shaded areas for anima

Bulk materials control Minimize visible dust emissions 

from bulk materials

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To apply water or suitable chemic

with tarps, plastic or suitable matea 3-sided structure surrounding th

story barns) Feeding near dusk Feeding young stock during 

evening hours

Reduce dust-generating behaviors. For example, young stocks at dairies tend to play when temperature cools off. By feeding them at a later time breaks that activity pattern.

Feeding animals during the eveninless dust

Wet feed during mixing To increase moisture feed levels Avoid excessive dust. Addition of water or moist supplem

generated dust

Place wet material in feedwagon first before mixing

Mix wet feed with dry feed for suppression.

Avoid excessive dust. Place wet material into feedwagon 

Downwind shelterbelts/ boundary trees

Planting rows of vegetation around facility and surrounding to create a barrier for air exiting from the facilities

Reduces windblown dust. Use of perimeter barriers or vege

Dust suppressants Application of any non-toxic 

chemical or organic dust suppressant which meets any specification required by any federal, state, or local water agency and is not prohibited for use by any applicable regulations. See Regulation VIII for additional requirements

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To use a variety of products: wate

suppressants (road salts), petroleemulsions, and bituminous materisuppressants will bind soils. r, sofarm, etc

DAIRY OPERATIONS - UNPAVED ROADS

DAIRY OPERATIONS - OVERALL MANAGEMENT/

 17 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Gravel Placing a layer of gravel with 

enough depth to minimize dust generated from vehicle movement and to dislodge any excess debris which can become entrained

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To add a layer of washed gravel, 

Speed reduction Enforcement of speeds that 

reduce visible dust emissions

Dust emissions from unpaved roads are a function of speed so reducing speed reduces dust

Posting speed limits on or surroun

Access restriction To restrict public access to 

private roads

Reduces vehicle traffic and thus reduces particulates emissions

To install a device which will limit operation

Pavement To pave currently unpaved areas Prevent dust from vehicle traffic To pave unpaved roadsTrack out control Minimize any and all material that 

adheres to and agglomerates on all vehicles and equipment from unpaved roads and falls onto a paved public road or the paved shoulder of a paved public road

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust Accomplished by maintaining suff

roads to allow mud and dirt to drouse of a grizzly to dislodge debris vehicles leaving site.

Speed Bumps Installation of mechanisms to 

slow traffic

Dust emissions from unpaved road are a function of speed so reducing speed reduces dust

To install physical devices which s

Appropriate equipment and vehicles

Using trip appropriate vehicles Reduces the amount of generated dust Using four wheelers or electric ca

Dust suppressants Application of any non-toxic 

chemical or organic dust suppressant which meets any specification required by any federal, state, or local water agency and is not prohibited for use by any applicable regulations. See Regulation VIII for additional requirements

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To use a variety of products: wate

suppressants (road salts), petroleemulsions, and bituminous materisuppressants will bind soils. r, sofarm, etc

DAIRY OPS. - UNPAVED VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT TRA

 18 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Gravel Placing a layer of gravel with 

enough depth to minimize dust generated from vehicle movement and to dislodge any excess debris which can become entrained

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To add a layer of washed gravel, 

Access restriction To restrict public access to 

private roads

Reduces vehicle traffic and thus reduces particulates emissions

To install a device which will limit operation

Speed reduction Enforcement of speeds that 

reduce visible dust emissions

Dust emissions from unpaved roads are a function of speed so reducing speed reduces dust

Posting speed limits on or surroun

Pavement To pave currently unpaved areas Prevent dust from vehicle traffic To pave unpaved roadsAppropriate equipment and vehicles

Using trip appropriate vehicles Reduces the amount of generated dust Using four wheelers or electric ca

Sprinkle Ensure adequate pen surface 

moisture level to prevent visible dust emissions

Stabilizes soil surface allowing for fugitive dust reduction. Sprinkling provides higher moisture content and causes soil compaction rather than loose, dry dirt being kicked up in the air by animal movement action.

Installation of sprinklers or other wadequate moisture level

Frequent scraping and or manure removal

Removal of powdery dust Reduces potential for dust disturbance caused by 

animal's hoof action by maintaining minimal amount of dry dust.

Prevent build up of powdery dust 

Fibrous layer in working areas (for alley, etc.)

Addition of fibrous material to areas

Prevents dust disturbance. Adding wood chips or other mater

areas to hold moisture and keep ddamp manure solids right off of thdaily basis and working it with a ro

Pull-type Manure harvesting equipment

Using a piece of equipment to leave an even corral surface

Stabilizes soil surface allowing for fugitive dust reduction by avoiding floor depression for dust accumulation and accumulation of dry soil/manure.

Piece of equipment should allow osurface of compacted manure on better than pushing blades

FEEDLOT OPERATIONS - PENS/MANURE HAN

 19 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Shade for animal Animals in open pens will loaf in 

shade areas increasing stocking density and reducing dust

Reduction in amount of generated dust by retaining moisture.

Providing shaded areas for anima

Bulk materials control Minimize visible dust emissions 

from bulk materials

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To apply water or suitable chemic

with tarps, plastic or suitable matea 3-sided structure surrounding thstory barns)

Feeding near dusk Feeding during evening hours Reduce dust-generating behaviors. For example, animals 

tend to play when temperature cools off. By feeding them at a later time breaks that activity pattern.

Feeding animals during the eveninless dust

Wet feed during mixing To increase moisture feed levels Ability to avoid excessive dust Addition of water or moist supplem

generated dust

Place wet material in feedwagon first

Mix wet feed with dry feed for suppression

Ability to avoid excessive dust Place wet material into feedwagon 

Downwind shelterbelts/ boundary trees

Planting rows of vegetation around facility and surrounding to create a barrier for air exiting from the facility

Reduces windblown dust Use of perimeter barriers or vege

Dust suppressants Application of any non-toxic 

chemical or organic dust suppressant which meets any specification required by any federal, state, or local water agency and is not prohibited for use by any applicable regulations. See Regulation VIII for additional 

i t

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To use a variety of products: wate

suppressants (road salts), petroleemulsions, and bituminous materisuppressants will bind soils. r, sofarm, etc

FEEDLOT OPERATIONS - UNPAVED ROAD

FEEDLOT OPERATIONS - OVERALL MANAGEMEN

 20 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Gravel Placing a layer of gravel with 

enough depth to minimize dust generated from vehicle movement and to dislodge any excess debris which can become entrained

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To add a layer of washed gravel, 

Access restriction To restrict public access to 

private roads

Reduces vehicle traffic and thus reduces particulates emissions

To install a device which will limit operation

Speed reduction Enforcement of speeds that 

reduce visible dust emissions

Dust emissions from unpaved roads are a function of speed so reducing speed reduces dust

Posting speed limits on or surroun

Pavement To pave currently unpaved areas Prevent dust from vehicle traffic To pave unpaved roadsTrack out control Minimize any and all material that 

adheres to and agglomerates on all vehicles and equipment from unpaved roads and falls onto a paved public road or the paved shoulder of a paved public road

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust Accomplished by maintaining suff

roads to allow mud and dirt to drouse of a grizzly to dislodge debris vehicles leaving site.

Appropriate equipment and vehicles

Using trip appropriate vehicles Reduces the amount of generated dust Using four wheelers or electric ca

Dust suppressants Application of any non-toxic 

chemical or organic dust suppressant which meets any specification required by any federal, state, or local water agency and is not prohibited for use by any applicable regulations. See Regulation VII for additional requirements

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To use a variety of products: wate

suppressants (road salts), petroleemulsions, and bituminous materisuppressants will bind soils. r, sofarm, etc

FEEDLOT OPERATIONS - UNPAVED VEHICLE/EQ

TRAFFIC AREAS

 21 List of Cons
PRELIMINARY 

CMPs DESCRIPTION BENEFITS EXA

Gravel Placing a layer of gravel with 

enough depth to minimize dust generated from vehicle movement and to dislodge any excess debris which can become entrained

Reduces entrainment of fugitive dust To add a layer of washed gravel, 

Access restriction To restrict public access to 

private roads

Reduces vehicle traffic and thus reduces particulates emissions

To install a device which will limit operation

Speed reduction Enforcement of speeds that 

reduce visible dust emissions

Dust emissions from unpaved roads are a function of speed so reducing speed reduces dust

Posting speed limits on or surroun

Pavement To pave currently unpaved areas Prevent dust from vehicle traffic To pave unpaved roadsAppropriate equipment and vehicles

Using trip appropriate vehicles Reduces the amount of generated dust Using four wheelers or electric ca

 22 List of Cons