FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY FEMA 413/January 2004

INSTALLING SEISMIC RESTRAINTS FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
ii iii

INSTALLING

SEISMIC RESTRAINTS

FOR

ELECTRICAL

EQUIPMENT

January 2004

Developed by the Vibration Isolation and Seismic Control

Manufacturers Association under a cooperative agreement

between the Federal Emergency Management Agency and

the American Society of Civil Engineers

FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY FEMA 413/January 2004

Notice: This guide was prepared by the Vibration Isolation

and Seismic Control Manufacturers Association (VISCMA)

under a cooperative agreement between the Federal

Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the American

Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Any opinions, findings,

conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this

publication do not necessarily reflect the views of FEMA and

ASCE. Additionally, neither FEMA, ASCE, VISCMA, nor any of

their employees make any warranty, expressed or implied,

nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the

accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information,

product, or process included in this publication. Users of

information from this publication assume all liability arising

from such use.

For additional copies of this guide, call the FEMA Distribution

Center: 1-800-480-2520.

For further information concerning this guide or the activities

of ASCE, contact the American Society of Civil Engineers,

1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia, 20191, 703-295-

6000.

For further information concerning the activities of the

Vibration Isolation and Seismic Control Manufacturers

Association, contact Mr. Robert Ecker, 610-971-4850.

All photos used with permission. Photos provided by:

ASCO Power Technologies

Amber/Booth Company

American Standard, Inc.

Caterpillar

Cooper Lighting

GARZO, Inc., Equipment & Compressor Accessories

Hergo Ergonomic Support Systems, Inc.

IntraPack Corporation

KINETICS Noise Control

M.W. Sausse & Co., Inc.

Mason Industries, Inc.

Powerware

Seismic Source Company

Square D

Vibration Eliminator Co., Inc.

Vibration Mountings & Controls, Inc.
iv v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1

EQUIPMENT 4

Automatic Transfer Switches 4

Control Panels 6

Generators 8

Lighting 10

Load Centers and Panelboards 12

Low Voltage: Substations, Capacitor Banks,

 Switchboards, and Switchgears 14

Medium to High Voltage: Switchgears, Circuit

 Interrupters, Substation Circuit Breakers,

 and Walk-in Enclosures 16

Meters and Disconnects 18

Motor Control Centers and Variable

 Frequency Drives 20

Multi-media Racks 22

Transformers 24

Uninterruptable Power Supplies and

 Battery Racks 26

Unit Heaters and Tanks 28

RACEWAYS/CONDUITS/CABLE TRAYS 30

ATTACHMENT TYPES 51

Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted Attachments 51

Roof-mounted Attachments 65

Suspended Attachments 71

Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted Attachments 87

Wall-mounted Attachments 98

ANCHORS 104

General Anchors 104

Cast-in-place Anchors 111

Lag Bolts 112

Masonry and Drywall Anchors 114

Power-Actuated Anchors 122

Steel Bolt Connections 123

Welding 128

Anchor Sizes for Equipment Weighing Less

 Than 400 Pounds 130

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This guide was prepared under Cooperative Agreement

EMW-2001-CO-0379 between the Federal Emergency

Management Agency and the American Society of Civil

Engineers. The contributions of the following are gratefully

acknowledged:

Vibration Isolation and Seismic Control Manufacturers

Association (VISCMA)

Amber/Booth Company Thybar Corporation

Kinetics Noise Control Vibration Mountings & Controls, Inc.

Mason Industries Vibration Eliminator Co., Inc.

M. W. Sausse & Company

Concrete Anchors Manufacturers Association (CAMA)

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

Project Team

Paul Tertell, FEMA Project Officer

Suzanne Ramsey, Project Manager

James Carlson, Principal Investigator

J. Marx Ayres Michael Hagerty

James Borchers James Henderson

Mike Callanan Jerry Lilly

Robert H. Ecker Bill Staehlin

Consulting Advisors - Representatives of

Amber/Booth Company Thybar Corporation

IAPMO Vibration Mountings & Controls, Inc.

Kinetics Noise Control Vibration Eliminator Co., Inc.

Mason Industries, Inc. Wej-it Fastening Systems

M. W. Sausse & Co., Inc.

Advisory Group

George Barna, Omaha Nebraska

Phillip J. Caldwell, Square D Company

Dave Cartier, Electrical Training Trust

Norm Cohen, Los Angeles California

Professor William Elarton, Los Angeles Trade Technical College

Brooke Stauffer, National Electrical Contractors Association

Editing and Layout

Gary Clemmons, GC Ink

Leslie McCasker, McCasker Consulting

Illustrations

Scott Hiner, Creative Marketing Resources

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
vi

SPECIAL CASES 133

Cables 133

Control Panels 139

Housekeeping Pads 144

Lighting 148

ANCHOR SELECTION GUIDE 151

ELECTRICAL DANGER INSTRUCTION CHART 160

GLOSSARY 162

INDEX 171
1

INTRODUCTION

This guide shows equipment installers how to attach

electrical equipment to a building to minimize earthquake

damage. Many attachment examples are presented,

including anchors and the use of special devices called

seismic restraint devices.

Seismic restraint devices include vibration isolation

systems, cable or strut suspension systems, roof

attachment systems, and steel shapes.

An electrical danger instruction chart is provided (page

160) as a basic guideline. Follow all safety requirements

as required by code, including those listed below:

• Printed instructions shipped with the equipment.

• Instructions in construction drawings and

specifications. Use approved construction documents.

• Code-required, industry-accepted practices.

• Electrical safety guidelines and practices.

• Orders from your supervisor.

• Seismic restraint device submittals.

This guide does not replace any of the above

referenced materials.

Please note that this guide does not cover:

• Fire protection sprinkler, smoke and fire stops, or fire

detection governed by local codes and the National

Fire Protection Association.

• Framing design required to elevate equipment above

the floor.

If you have questions about any information in this

guide, check with your supervisor.
2 3

NOTE: All instructions in this guide are arranged in

order using numbered steps. Please follow every step

in the sequence shown.

Special precautions are marked:

A flag means you should take special care before

continuing. Read all the information next to a

flag before attaching the equipment.

A warning sign means you can cause serious

damage to the building, the device, or the

equipment if you do not follow the instructions

exactly.

A book means you should refer to the

manufacturer’s printed instructions before

continuing.

Note that a Glossary and an Index are also available to

facilitate use of this guide.

Introduction

This guide contains the following sections:

• Equipment: Arranged according to different kinds of

electrical equipment such as computer racks, control

panels, lighting, substations, etc.

• Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays: Covers the different

ways to install raceways, conduits, and cable trays.

• Attachment Types: Gives instructions on installing

equipment in different arrangements known as

attachment types.

• Anchors: Shows many different types of anchors used

to connect equipment to a building.

• Special Cases: Covers housekeeping pads, and other

unique applications.

To use this guide:

1. Use the Table of Contents to find the Equipment

section that best represents the equipment you

are installing.

2. Using the table (see example below) in the

Equipment section, find the:

- type of equipment you are installing in column 1

- method of installing the equipment in column 2

- attachment type in column 3.

3. Turn to the page referenced in column 3 for the

equipment/attachment type you have selected. If

you are not sure which attachment type is

correct, ask your supervisor.

4. Follow the instructions for the attachment type

you have selected. These instructions will refer

you to the correct anchor section so you can

make the connection to the building structure.

Introduction

c 2 olumn 1 c 3 olumn column

T t ypical Equipment How is equipmen

to be installed? Attachment Type

A s ny type of unit Connected to angle

mounted to the floor

Rigid with angles

Go to page 53
4 5

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 1: Automatic transfer switch installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Typical

Equipment

How is equipment

to be installed? Attachment Type

Any type of uni t

Mounted directly to

the floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid wi th angles

Go to page 55

Directly to the wall Wall-mounted

Go to page 98

Mounted to the wall

wi th angles

Wall-mounted

wi th angles

Go to page 100

Equipment: Automatic Transfer Switches

EQUIPMENT

Automatic Transfer Switches

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 2: Automatic transfer

switch (floor-mounted).

Figure 1: Automatic transfer

switch (surface wallmounted).

Figure 3: Automatic transfer

and bypass-isolation switch

(floor-mounted).

Figure 4: Service entrance

with transfer switch (floormounted).
6 7

Equipment: Control Panels

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 2: Control panel installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Control Panels

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 5: Control panel Figure 6: Control panel

(flush wall-mounted). (surface floor-mounted).

Figure 7: Control panel

(floor-mounted).

Typical

Equipment

How is equipment

to be installed? Attachment Type

Any type of uni t

Mounted directly to

the floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid wi th angles

Go to page 55

On a raised floor Raised floor

Go to page 61

Directly to the wall Wall-mounted

Go to page 98

Mounted to the wall

wi th angles

Wall-mounted

wi th angles

Go to page 100

Strut and Plate

framing support

systems

Special Cases:

Control Panels

Go to page 139

Flush-mounted

Follow

manufacturer's

instructions

Connected to

companion equipment

Follow

manufacturer's

instructions
8 9

Equipment: Generators

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 3: Generator installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

For generator fuel tanks, see the Unit Heaters

and Tanks equipment section on page 28.

Refer to approved construction documents for

installation requirements for exhaust and

muffler noise control.

Typical Equipment How is equipment

to be installed? Attachment Type

Any type of

generator

Mounted directly to the

floor or pad

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid with angles

Go to page 55

V / ibration-isolated Vibration-isolated

floor-mounted

Go to page 87

Roof-mounted or

vibration-isolated on a

roof

Roof-mounted

Go to page 65

G o enerator controls Connected t

equipment

Follow

manufacturer's

instructions

Generators

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 8: Generator controls Figure 9: Housed generator

(equipment-mounted). (floor-mounted).

Figure 10: Generator with Figure 11: Generator

weatherproof housing with radiator (pad-

(pad-mounted). mounted). Radiator may

be remotely mounted.
10 11

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 4: Lighting installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Equipment: Lighting

Typical Equipment How is equipment

to be installed? Attachment Type

Battery powered

light, exit light, or

flush-mounted light

Directly attached to any

surface using

attachment instructions

for wall-mounted

equipment

Wall-mounted

Go to page 98

Lay-in light and

flush-mounted light

Installed in T-bar

ceilings

Special cases:

Lighting

Go to page 149

Pendant light

Directly attached to

building stucture

Special cases:

Lighting

Go to page 150

Recessed light and

industrial light

Directly attached to

building structure

Follow

manufacturer's

instructions

Surface-mounted

light

Surface-mounted to

horizontal building

structure surface.

Ceilings must have

capacity to transfer

load to buiilding

structure

Use attachment

instructions for

wall-mounted

equipment

Go to page 98

Chandeliers or

chain-supported

equipment

Suspended from the

building structure

Suspended with

chain

Go to page 86

Figure 18: Wall-mounted light. Figure 19: Industrial light.

Lighting

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 14: Flush-mounted Figure 15: Lay-in light.

light.

Figure 12: Battery powered Figure 13: Exit light/lighted

light. signs.

Figure 16: Pendant light. Figure 17: Recessed light.
12 13

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 5: Load center and panelboard installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Equipment: Load Centers and Panelboards

Figure 24: Panelboard

(floor-mounted).

Typical Equipment How is equipment

to be installed? Attachment Type

Any type of unit

Mounted directly to the

floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid with angles

Go to page 55

D d irectly to the wall Wall-mounte

Go to page 98

Mounted to the wall

with angles

Wall-mounted with

angles

Go to page 100

F w lush-mounted Follo

manufacturer's

instructions

Load Centers and Panelboards

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 20: Load center Figure 21: Load center

(flush wall-mounted). (surface wall-mounted).

Figure 22: Panelboard Figure 23: Panelboard

(flush wall-mounted). (surface wall-mounted).
14 15

Equipment: Low Voltage: Substations, Capacitor

Banks, Switchboards, and Switchgears

Figure 29: Low voltage switchgear

(floor-mounted).

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 6: Low voltage: substation, capacitor bank, switchboard,

and switchgear installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Typical Equipment How is equipment

to be installed?

Attachment

Type

Any type of unit

Mounted directly to the

floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid with angles

Go to page 55

Floor-mounted with

bumpers

Floor-mounted

Go to page 60

Roof-mounted or

vibration-isolated on a

roof

Roof-mounted

Go to page 65

V / ibration-isolated Vibration-isolated

floor-mounted

Go to page 87

Low Voltage: Substations, Capacitor

Banks, Switchboards, and Switchgears

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 27: Low voltage Figure 28: Low voltage

switchboard (floor-mounted). switchboard (floor-mounted).

Figure 25: Substation Figure 26: Capacitor bank

(floor-mounted). (floor-mounted).
16 17

Equipment: Medium to High Voltage: Switchgears,

Circuit Interrupters, Substation Circuit Breakers,

 and Walk-in Enclosures

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 7: Medium to high voltage: switchgear, circuit interrupter,

substation circuit breaker, and walk-in enclosure installation

types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Typical Equipment How is equipment

to be installed?

Attachment

Type

Any type of unit

Mounted directly to the

floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid with angles

Go to page 55

Floor-mounted with

bumpers

Floor-mounted

Go to page 60

Roof-mounted or

vibration-isolated on a

roof

Roof-mounted

Go to page 65

V / ibration-isolated Vibration-isolated

floor-mounted

Go to page 87

Medium to High Voltage: Switchgears,

Circuit Interrupters, Substation Circuit

Breakers, and Walk-in Enclosures

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 32: Substation circuit Figure 33: Walk-in enclosure.

breaker.

Figure 30: Medium voltage Figure 31: High voltage

arc-resistant switchgear circuit interrupter (floor-

(floor-mounted). mounted).
18 19

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 8: Meter and disconnect installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Equipment: Meters and Disconnects

Typical Equipment How is equipment

to be installed?

Attachment

Type

Any type of unit

Mounted directly to the

floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid with angles

Go to page 55

D d irectly to the wall Wall-mounte

Go to page 98

Mounted to the wall with

angles

Wall-mounted with

angles

Go to page 100

Connected to companion

equipment

Follow

manufacturer's

instructions

Meters and Disconnects

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 34: Meter center Figure 35: Meter center

(floor-mounted). (surface-mounted).

Figure 36: Safety switch Figure 37: Double throw

(surface-mounted). safety switch (surfacemounted).
20 21

Equipment: Motor Control Centers and

Variable Frequency Drives

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 9: Motor control center and variable frequency drive

installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Typical Equipment How is equipment

to be installed?

Attachment

Type

Any type of unit

Mounted directly to the

floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid with angles

Go to page 55

D d irectly to the wall Wall-mounte

Go to page 98

Mounted to the wall with

angles

Wall-mounted with

angles

Go to page 100

Vibration-isolated

Floor-mounted

Go to page 87

Wall-mounted with

angles

Go to page 102

Connected to companion

equipment

Follow

manufacturer's

instructions

Motor Control Centers and Variable

Frequency Drives

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

p 1: Identify equipment

Figure 38: Low voltage motor Figure 39: Medium voltage

control center (floor-mounted). motor control center

(floor-mounted).

Figure 40: Enclosed motor Figure 41: Variable

(wall-mounted). frequency drive

(wall-mounted).
22 23

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 10: Multi-media rack installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Rollers must be constructed to withstand

additional forces created by earthquakes.

Equipment: Multi-media Racks

Typical Equipment How is equipment

to be installed?

Attachment

Type

Any type of unit

Mounted directly to the

floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid with angles

Go to page 55

D d irectly to the wall Wall-mounte

Go to page 98

Mounted to the wall with

angles

Wall-mounted with

angles

Go to page 100

Connected to companion

equipment

Follow

manufacturer's

instructions

Multi-media Racks

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 42: Computer rack Figure 43: Equipment rack

with or without rollers with or without rollers

(floor-mounted). (floor-mounted).

Figure 44: Open rack Figure 45: Media

(floor-mounted). equipment

(wall-mounted).
24 25

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 11: Transformer installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Equipment: Transformers

Typical

Equipment

How is equipment

to be installed? Attachment Type

Any type of unit

Mounted directly to the

floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid with angles

Go to page 55

U h sing bumpers Floor-mounted wit

bumpers

Go to page 60

D d irectly to the wall Wall-mounte

Go to page 98

Mounted to the wall

with angles

Wall-mounted

with angles

Go to page 100

Mounted to the wall

with vibration isolation

Wall-mounted,

vibration-isolated

Go to page 102

V / ibration-isolated Vibration-isolated

floor-mounted

Go to page 87

R d oof-mounted Roof-mounte

Go to page 65

Figure 46: Dry-type transformer Figure 47: Dry-type

(wall-mounted). transformer

(floor-mounted).

Transformers

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 48: Substation dry-type Figure 49: Substation

transformer. liquid-filled transformer.
26 27

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 12: Uninterruptable power supply and battery rack

installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Batteries must be restrained in the racks. See

manufacturer’s instructions.

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for fielderected battery racks.

Equipment: Uninterruptable Power

Supplies and Battery Racks

Uninterruptable Power Supplies and

Battery Racks

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

Figure 50: UPS in multi-media Figure 51: UPS

rack. (wall-mounted).

Figure 52: UPS Figure 53: UPS

(floor-mounted). (floor-mounted).

Figure 54: Open battery rack. Figure 55: Cabinet battery

rack.

Typical

Equipment

How is equipment

to be installed? Attachment Type

Any type of unit

Mounted directly to the

floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Connected to angles

mounted to the floor

Rigid with angles

Go to page 55

O r n a raised floor On a raised floo

Go to page 61

D d irectly to the wall Wall-mounte

Go to page 98

Mounted to the wall

with angles

Wall-mounted

with angles

Go to page 100

Mounted to the wall

with vibration isolation

Wall-mounted,

vibration-isolated

Go to page 102

V / ibration-isolated Vibration-isolated

floor-mounted

Go to page 87

R d oof-mounted Roof-mounte

Go to page 65
28 29

Equipment: Unit Heaters and Tanks

Step 2: Select the type of attachment

Using the following table, select how the equipment is to

be installed, select the attachment type that best

matches the installation you have selected, then turn to

the page under the attachment type.

Table 13: Unit heater and tank installation types.

Refer to the Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

on page 160.

Typical

Equipment

How is equipment

to be installed? Attachment Type

Any unit heater

Suspended from the

building structure with

rods and cables

Rigid with rods and

cables

Go to page 71

Suspended from the

building structure with

angles

Rigid with angles

Go to page 78

Suspended from the

building structure with

isolators, rods and cables

Vibration-isolated/

suspended

Go to page 81

Mounted to the wall with

angles

Wall-mounted with

angles

Go to page 100

Relatively thin unit

heater

Suspended from the

building structure with

two rods and cables

Two-point

Go to page 84

Any tank Mounted directly to the

floor

Rigid

Go to page 51

Unit Heaters and Tanks

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Identify the equipment

This manual covers unit heaters suspended from the

building structure and floor-mounted tanks in service with

generators. Other tank configurations are covered in

other manuals.

Figure 56: Electric unit heater.

Figure 57: Fuel oil day tank.
30 31

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Supported from the floor

Figure 58: Single vertical support.

Use the instructions on page 35 for installing rigid

supports.

RACEWAYS/CONDUITS/CABLE TRAYS

Electrical raceways include conduits and cable trays.

For post tension (pre-stressed) buildings, locate

the tendons before drilling. Extreme damage

may occur if a tendon is nicked or cut.

Refer to approved construction documents for

details and provisions for crossing fire barriers,

area separation walls/floors/roofs, smoke

barriers and seismic separation joints.

Each run of conduit or cable tray must have at

least one transverse supports at each end of the

run and at least one longitudinal support

anywhere on the run.

Pre-approved manufacturer’s/industry manuals

used for installation of conduit supports are

required to be on the job site to ensure the

correct details are being used.

Do not mix strut and cable bracing systems.

The eight ways to install raceways are:

• Supported from the floor with angles or strut system

(page 31).

• Supported from the wall (page 34).

• Suspended using clevis hanger braced at the

restraining bolt (page 36).

• Suspended using clevis hanger braced at the hanger

rod (page 39).

• Suspended using clevis hanger and four-way cable

brace (page 41).

• Suspended using conduit clamps (page 43).

• Suspended with a trapeze support system (page 47).

• Crossing seismic joints (page 50).
32 33

Figure 60: Attachment to a floor with a trapeze support system.

Match trapeze support with the bottom of the conduit.

Ensure that the width of the support allows clearance for

installing clamps.

Coordinate the support base hole locations with the

location of any steel reinforcements or tendons.

Building structures must be point load capable.

Verify with the appropriate design professional.

Step 1: Determine dimensions of trapeze support

Step 2: Build trapeze support

Step 3: Determine where to drill holes in floor

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Figure 59: Braced raceways/conduit/cable trays supported from

strut.

Laterally braced raceways/conduit/cable trays

Axially braced raceways/conduit/cable trays
34 35

Figure 62: Attach to the wall with angle or strut welded to

base plate.

For drywall attachments, use a strut attachment to the

studs as shown in Figure 157 (page 142).

Building structures must be point load capable.

Verify with the appropriate design professional.

Step 1: Attach support or angles to the wall

Step 2: Attach conduits to support with straps

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

For instructions on installing anchors, see Anchors (page

104).

The length of standoff as shown on approved

construction documents or manufacturer’s

manuals must be rated for applied conduit

weight.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Supported from the wall

For instructions on installing anchors, see Anchors (page

104).

Step 4: Install anchors

Step 5: Run conduit and install conduit clamps

Figure 61: Direct attachment

Secure cable tray to strut or angle with one- or two-hole

brackets provided with the cable tray, or use two half

angles.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

The instructions below should also be used for conduit

that is surface-mounted on the underside of a building

structural slab or rated structural ceiling.
36 37

Figure 63: Single clevis hanger support with strut or angle

lateral supports at the restraining bolt.

Pre-approved manufacturer’s/industry manuals

may limit the maximum transverse and

longitudinal angles to 45 degrees.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Torque bolts per manufacturer’s

recommendations.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Suspended using clevis hanger braced at the

restraining bolt

Step 1: Attach vertical rods with hanger to the building

structure

Lay out all attachment points before anchoring. For

building structure attachment details, see Figures 92

through 98 (pages 71 to 75). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Building structures must be point load capable.

Verify with the appropriate design professional.

Step 2: Run raceways or conduits as required by the

approved construction documents

Step 3: Attach anchors to the building structure for

lateral support restraints

Refer to the pre-approved manufacturer’s/

industry manuals for spacing of supports.
38 39

Suspended using clevis hanger braced at the

hanger rod

Figure 65: Single clevis hanger support with strut or angle

lateral supports at hanger rod.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Pre-approved manufacturer’s/industry manuals

may limit the maximum transverse and

longitudinal angles to 45 degrees.

Torque bolts per manufacturer’s

recommendations.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Figure 64: Single clevis hanger support with cable lateral

supports at the restraining bolt.

For cable assembly instructions, see Cables (page 133).

For details on attaching cable to the building structure,

see Figure 100 (page 77). For angle and strut attachment,

see Figure 103 (page 79). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Torque bolts per manufacturer’s

recommendations.

END OF ATTACHMENT.
40 41

Suspended using clevis hanger and four-way cable

brace

Figure 66: Single clevis hanger with four-way cable brace.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Step 1: Attach vertical rods with hanger to the building

structure

Lay out all attachment points before anchoring. For

building structure attachment details, see Figures 92

through 98 (pages 71 to 75). For direct attachment to

buidling structure, see Anchors (page 104).

Building structures must be point load capable.

Verify with the appropriate design professional.

Step 2: Run conduits as required by the approved

construction documents

Step 3: Attach anchors to the building structure for

lateral support restraints

For cable assembly instructions, see Cables (page 133).

For details on attaching cable to the building structure,

see Figure 100 (page 77). For angle and strut attachment,

see Figure 103 (page 79). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Step 4: Attach cables to conduit

END OF ATTACHMENT.
42 43

Suspended using conduit clamps

Figure 67: Conduit clamp supports with transverse strut or

angle lateral support and hanger rod.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Pre-approved manufacturer’s/industry

manuals may limit the maximum transverse

and longitudinal angles to 45 degrees.

Torque bolts per manufacturer’s

recommendations.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Step 1: Attach vertical rods with hanger to the building

structure

Lay out all attachment points before anchoring. For

building structure attachment details, see Figures 92

through 98 (pages 71 to 75). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Building structures must be point load capable.

Verify with the appropriate design professional.

Step 2: Run conduits as required by the approved

construction documents

Step 3: Attach anchors to the building structure for

lateral support restraints

For cable assembly instructions, see Cables (page 133).

For details on attaching cable to the building structure,

see Figure 100 (page 77). For angle and strut attachment,

see Figure 103 (page 79). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

END OF ATTACHMENT.
44 45

Figure 69: Conduit clamp supports with longitudinal cable

lateral support and hanger rod.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Figure 68: Conduit clamp supports with longitudinal strut or

angle lateral support and hanger rod.

Pre-approved manufacturer’s/industry

manuals may limit the maximum transverse

and longitudinal angles to 45 degrees.

Torque bolts per manufacturer’s

recommendations.
46 47

Suspended with a trapeze support system

Figure 70: Trapeze support with strut or angle lateral supports.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Pre-approved manufacturer’s/industry

manuals may limit the maximum transverse

and longitudinal angles to 45 degrees.

Torque bolts per manufacturer’s

recommendations.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Step 1: Attach vertical rods with hanger to the building

structure

Lay out all attachment points before anchoring. For

building structure attachment details see Figures 92

through 98 (pages 71 to 75). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Building structures must be point load capable.

Verify with the appropriate design professional.

Step 2: Run conduits as required by the approved

construction documents

Step 3: Attach anchors to the building structure for

lateral support restraints

For cable assembly instructions, see Cables (page 133).

For details on attaching cable to the building structure,

see Figure 100 (page 77). For angle and strut attachment,

see Figure 103 (page 79). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

END OF ATTACHMENT.
48 49

Figure 71: Trapeze support with cable lateral supports.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Step 1: Attach vertical rods with hanger to the building

structure

Lay out all attachment points before anchoring. For

building structure attachment details, see Figures 92

through 98 (pages 71 to 75). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Building structures must be point load capable.

Verify with the appropriate design professional.

Step 2: Run conduits as required by approved

construction documents

Step 3: Attach anchors to the building structure for

lateral support restraints

For cable assembly instructions, see Cables (page 133).

For details on attaching cable to the building structure,

see Figure 100 (page 77). For angle and strut attachment,

see Figure 103 (page 79). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).
50 51

ATTACHMENT TYPES

This section gives instructions on attaching equipment to

a building structure in various arrangements. The

attachment types are:

• Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted (this page).

• Roof-mounted (page 65).

• Suspended (page 71).

• Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted (page 87).

• Wall-mounted (page 98).

Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted

Attachments

The four ways to rigidly attach equipment to a floor are:

• Directly to the floor/pad (this page).

• Using additional structural steel shapes that transfer

load to the building floor/pad (page 55).

• Using bumpers to restrict horizontal movement

(page 60).

• On a raised floor (page 61).

Directly to the floor/pad

Equipment may be bolted or welded to the building floor

or pad. To bolt to concrete, use post-installed anchors, or

embedded headed studs (see Anchors, page 104).

Attachment of equipment with sheet steel housings is

shown in Figures 73 and 74 (page 52).

Attachment of equipment with a structural steel frame or

base is shown in Figure 75 (page 53).

Crossing seismic joints

Raceways/Conduits/Cable Trays

Figure 72: Seismic joint.

Step 1: Cross seismic joint with flexible conduit

Support conduits as required by approved construction

documents. Add a flexible conduit support to allow

differential movement in all directions.

END OF ATTACHMENT.
52 53

Figure 75: Direct attachment of equipment with structural steel

frame or base to a building.

Step 1: Determine where to bolt the equipment

Accurately draw the bolt pattern on the floor, concrete

pad, or steel beams using one of the following methods:

• Set the equipment in place and mark the holes.

• Make a template.

• Use measurements and approved construction

documents to lay out the bolt hole pattern.

It is preferred to use the holes provided by the

manufacturer. Under supervisory approval, you

may need to drill additional holes in the

equipment assembly or building steel beams as

shown on approved construction documents or

the manufacturer’s instructions.

USE CAUTION WHEN DRILLING INTO

EQUIPMENT. Internal components can be

damaged or the manufacturer’s warranty

may be voided.

DO NOT DRILL OVERSIZED HOLES. New holes

cannot be oversized or oval in shape. Repair

oversized holes as shown in Figure 76 (page

54), if necessary.

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted

Figure 73: Direct attachment of equipment with sheet steel

housing to a building.

Do not add shims under equipment with sheet

steel housings as shown in Figure 73 above. If

the concrete floor/pad is irregular, reinforce

housing with angles as shown in Figure 77

(page 56).

Figure 74: Side view of equipment with sheet steel housing.

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted
54 55

Step 4: Attach nuts or weld equipment

Attach nuts to the anchor/bolt and torque, see Anchors

(page 104) or weld equipment to steel beams or

embedded plates, see Welding (page 128).

Raceways, conduits, and cable trays may now be

connected.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Using additional structural steel shapes that transfer

load to the building floor/pad

Attach additional structural shapes to the equipment with

bolts and then attach steel shapes to the building with

concrete anchors, steel bolts, or welding. When bolting to

concrete, use post-installed anchors or embedded

headed studs.

The five configurations for using angles to attach

equipment to the building structure are:

• Full-size angles on each side of equipment (Figure 77,

page 56).

• Four or more angles on each side of equipment

bolted to the concrete floor/pad (Figure 78, page 57).

• Four or more angles welded to equipment and bolted

to the floor/pad (Figure 79, page 57).

• Four or more angles on each side of equipment

welded to embedded plates (Figure 80, page 58).

• Three or more angles used to bolt down equipment

with a round base, (Figure 81, page 58).

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted

Figure 76: Three options to repair oversized holes.

Step 2: Install anchors

If the equipment is to be anchored to concrete, drill and

install post-installed anchors or pour concrete with castin-place studs (see Anchors, page 104).

If the equipment is to be bolted to steel, drill

holes in the steel as shown on approved

construction documents or the manufacturer’s

instructions.

Step 3: Move equipment into place

BE CAREFUL NOT TO DAMAGE THE ANCHORS

WHEN SETTING THE EQUIPMENT.
56 57

Figure 78: Four or more angles used to attach the equipment

to the building.

Figure 79: Four or more angles welded to equipment and

bolted to the floor/pad.

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted

Figure 77: Two angles used to attach the equipment to the

building.

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted
58 59

Step 1: Determine where to bolt the equipment

Accurately draw the bolt pattern on the floor, concrete

pad, or steel beams using one of the following methods:

• Set the equipment in place and mark the holes.

• Make a template.

• Use measurements and approved construction

documents to lay out the bolt hole pattern.

It is preferred to use the holes provided by the

manufacturer. Under supervisory approval, you

may need to drill additional holes in the

equipment assembly or building steel beams as

shown on approved construction documents or

the manufacturer’s instructions.

USE CAUTION WHEN DRILLING INTO

EQUIPMENT. Internal components can be

damaged or the manufacturer’s warranty

may be voided.

DO NOT DRILL OVERSIZED HOLES. New holes

cannot be oversized or oval in shape. Repair

oversized holes as shown in Figure 76 (page

54), if necessary.

Step 2: Install anchors

If the equipment is to be anchored to concrete, drill and

install post-installed anchors or pour concrete with

embedded studs (see Anchors, page 104).

Step 3: Move the equipment into place

BE CAREFUL NOT TO DAMAGE THE ANCHORS

WHEN SETTING THE EQUIPMENT.

You may bolt or weld angles to the equipment before

moving the equipment into place.

Step 4: Attach nuts or weld equipment

Attach nuts to the anchor/bolt and torque (see Anchors,

page 104 or Welding, page 128).

Raceways, conduits, and cable trays may now be

connected.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted

Figure 80: Four or more angles on each side of equipment

welded to embedded plates. Figure 148 (page 128) gives

examples of embedded steel plates.

Figure 81: Three or more angles used to bolt down equipment

with a round base.

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted
60 61

Step 1: Determine where to bolt the equipment

Accurately draw the bolt pattern on the floor, concrete

pad, or steel beams using one of the following methods:

• Set the bumpers in place and mark the holes.

• Make a template.

• Use measurements and approved construction

documents to lay out the bolt hole pattern.

Step 2: Install anchors

For instructions on installing anchors, see Anchors (page

104). If the anchors are near a concrete joint, refer to the

detail in Figure 83 (page 60).

Step 3: Install bumpers

Step 4: Attach nuts to the anchor/bolt and torque

For instructions on installing anchors, see Anchors (page

104). Figure 83 (page 60) shows equipment restrained

with bumpers next to a cold joint.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

On a raised floor

Equipment set on a raised floor can be seismically

attached to the building structure below. A stand rated

for the weight of the equipment and laterally braced to

withstand seismic loads must be provided. Equipment is

rigidly attached to the stand and the stand is rigidly

bolted to the floor beneath the raised floor. Portions of

the raised floor are removed to allow installation of the

stand and equipment as shown in Figures 84 (page 62),

85 (page 63) and 86 (page 64).

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted

Using bumpers to restrict horizontal movement

Use this attachment type when equipment is mounted to

a concrete inertia base or steel frame, but is not attached

to the building. Refer to the Vibration-isolated/Floormounted Attachments section (page 87) for information

on bumpers.

Bumpers are used to restrain the base from moving

horizontally when there is no chance that the equipment

will tip over. Bumpers are only bolted to the building

structure. Use post-installed anchors to bolt to concrete,

as shown in Figures 82 and 83 (below).

Figure 82: Equipment installed with bumpers.

If anchors are near a joint in the concrete, see

detail in Figure 83.

Figure 83: Alternate installation detail of bumpers installed near

a concrete joint.

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted
62 63

Figure 85: Equipment attached to cables beneath a raised floor.

Step 2: Install anchors

For instructions on installing anchors, see Anchors (page

104). Set the frame in place and apply nuts to the anchor/

bolt and torque.

Verify with a supervisor that the weight of

equipment will not exceed the capacity of the

raised floor and that the floor can withstand a

horizontal load.

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted

Figure 84: Electrical equipment installed on a raised floor.

Step 1: Determine where to bolt the equipment

Accurately draw the bolt pattern on the floor using one of

the following methods:

• Set the frame in place and mark the holes.

• Make a template.

• Use measurements and approved construction

documents to lay out the bolt hole pattern.
64 65

Roof-mounted Attachments

The three ways to attach equipment to a roof are:

• Using leveling stanchions—post and beam (this page).

• To a wood frame (page 68).

• Using restrained vibration isolators on leveling

stanchions (page 69).

Using leveling stanchions—post and beam

Step 1: Attach posts or stanchions

Bolt or weld stanchions (also called post and beam) to

the building structure. To attach stanchions to different

building structure types, see the detail in Figure 87 (page

66).

Support stanchions can be made from many different

structural shapes.

Coordinate attachment points with approved

construction documents. Additional intermediate

building structure beams may be required to

accommodate the equipment.

The building structure must be capable of

supporting the point load of the stanchions.

Step 2: Apply flashing to stanchions

Use standard details to flash around pipe stanchions or

steel tubing. For flashing around a stanchion, which may

not be uniform like an angle, channel, or I-beam steel

shape, see Figure 88 (page 67).

Figure 86: Equipment bolted beneath a raised floor.

Step 3: Move the equipment into place

Bolt the equipment to the frame (see Steel Bolt

Connections, page 123) or bolt to strut as shown in

Figure 86.

It is preferred to use the holes provided by the

manufacturer. Under supervisory approval, you

may need to drill additional holes in the

equipment assembly or building steel beams as

shown on approved construction documents or

the manufacturer’s instructions.

USE CAUTION WHEN DRILLING INTO

EQUIPMENT. Internal components can be

damaged or the manufacturer’s warranty

may be voided.

DO NOT DRILL OVERSIZED HOLES. New holes

cannot be oversized or oval in shape. Repair

oversized holes as shown in Figure 76 (page

54), if necessary.

Raceways, conduits, and cable trays may now be

connected.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Attachments: Rigid Floor-mounted/Pad-mounted
66 67

Figure 88: Flashing around a stanchion.

Step 4: Attach equipment

To rigidly attach the equipment to the equipment support

frame, see Figure 89 (below).

Figure 89: Rigid attachment of equipment to a support frame.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Attachments: Roof-mounted Attachments: Roof-mounted

Figure 87: Attaching a stanchion to a building.

Step 3: Weld/bolt equipment support frame to

stanchion

The equipment support frame may be box-shaped or

have two parallel beams made from steel shapes such as

angles, tubes, channels, or I-beams.
68 69

Using restrained vibration isolators on leveling

stanchions

Figure 91 (below) shows a typical installation of

restrained vibration-isolated equipment on stanchions

and an equipment support frame.

Figure 91: Equipment attached using restrained vibration

islators on a post and beam support.

More than four restrained vibration isolators

may be required. See the manufacturer’s

instructions.

Verify that each vibration isolator is properly

aligned according to the manufacturer’s

recommended clearances. If the vibration

isolator shaft rubs against the snubber element,

vibration isolation may not function or noise

problems may occur.

Step 1: Attach posts or stanchions

Bolt or weld stanchions to the building structure. Refer to

the detail in Figure 87 (page 66) for attaching stanchions

to different building structure types. Support stanchions

can be made from many different structural shapes.

Attachments: Roof-mounted

To a wood frame

Step 1: Attach wood frame to building structure

Figure 90 (below) shows a typical wood frame (curb/rail)

attachment.

Step 2: Install flashing

Figure 90 (below) shows typical flashing.

Use approved construction documents for

flashing details.

Step 3: Attach equipment to the wood frame

Attach equipment directly to the wood frame as shown

below. Wood frames can restrain equipment with

internal frames or with support legs as shown.

Figure 90: Attachment of equipment to a wood frame.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Attachments: Roof-mounted
70 71

Suspended Attachments

Do not mix strut and cable bracing systems.

The five ways to suspend equipment are by:

• Rigid connection to the building structure using four

threaded vertical rods with horizontal cable supports

(this page).

• Rigid connection to the building structure using

angle/strut supports (page 78).

• Vibration-isolated connection to the building structure

using a minimum of four threaded vertical rods and

lateral restraints (page 81).

• Two point equipment attachment - bolted to the

building structure (page 84).

• Chain mounted or bar support with swivel (page 86).

Rigid connection to the building structure using four

threaded vertical rods with horizontal cable supports

Equipment should have pre-installed brackets that can

support the attachment to the building.

Figure 92: Rigid connection to the building structure.

Cables provide lateral bracing for seismic loads

and should not be installed to hang equipment.

Attachments: Roof-mounted

Coordinate attachment points with approved

construction documents. Additional

intermediate building structure beams may be

required to accommodate the equipment.

The building structure must be capable of

supporting the point load of the stanchions.

Step 2: Apply flashing to stanchions

Use standard details to flash around pipe stanchions or

steel tubing. For flashing around a stanchion, which may

not be uniform like an angle, channel, or I-beam steel

shape, refer to Figure 88 (page 67).

Step 3: Weld/bolt equipment support frame to

stanchions

The equipment support frame may be box-shaped or

have two parallel beams. The equipment support frame

may be made from steel shapes such as angles, tubes,

channels, or I-beams.

Step 4: Attach restrained vibration isolators

Attach restrained vibration isolators to the support frame

using steel bolts.

The support frame must be wider than the base

plate of the restrained vibration isolator.

Step 5: Install equipment on vibration isolators

Install equipment on vibration isolators with attachment

nuts and level.

Bases are required for mounting equipment

with restrained vibration isolators.

END OF ATTACHMENT.
72 73

Figure 94: Post-installed anchor; concrete fill on steel deck.

Figure 95: Wood beam construction.

For edge distances and spacing, see Lag Bolts

(page 112).

Attachments: Suspended

Step 1: Attach the equipment to the building structure

using threaded rods and anchors

Lay out all attachment points before anchoring. For

building structure attachment details, see Figures 92 to

98 (pages 71 to 75). For instructions on bolting directly

to the building structure, see Steel Bolt Connections

(page 123).

Figure 93: Cast-in-place anchor; concrete fill on steel deck.

Attachments: Suspended
74 75

Figure 98: Concrete slab construction.

Attachments: Suspended Attachments: Suspended

Figure 96: Steel beam construction.

Use center load beam clamps for vertical loads.

Do not use for cables, rods, or structural

members positioned at an angle.

Figure 97: Bar joist construction.

Use center load beam clamps for vertical loads.

Do not use for cables, rods, or structural

members positioned at an angle.

Use cente
76 77

Figure 100: Attachments to the building structure.

For edge distances and spacing, see Lag Bolts

(page 112).

Do not attach bracing to bottom of bar joist.

Step 5: Attach cables to equipment

For details on attaching cable to the equipment, see

Figure 101 (page 78).

Attachments: Suspended Attachments: Suspended

Step 2: Add rod stiffeners, as required

Figure 99: Rod stiffeners.

Step 3: Attach anchors to the building structure for

cable attachment

Figure 100 (page 77) shows typical anchorage to

different building construction. For instructions on

installing anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Step 4: Attach cable to the building structure

For cable assembly instructions, see Cables (page 133).

For details on attaching cable to the building structure,

see Figure 100 (page 77).
78 79

Step 1: Attach the equipment to the building structure

using threaded rods and anchors

Lay out all attachment points before anchoring. For

building structure attachment details, see Figures

92 to 98 (pages 71 to 75). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104). Rod stiffeners may be

required.

Step 2: Attach anchors to the building structure for

angle or strut supports

For building structure attachment details, see Figures

92 to 98 (pages 71 to 75). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Step 3: Attach angles or strut supports to the building

structure

Figure 103: Attachment of angle or strut to the building

structure.

Attachment to bottom of beam if permitted by

approved construction documents.

Attachments: Suspended

Pre-approved manufacturer’s/industry manuals

may limit the maximum transverse and

longitudinal angles to 45 degrees.

Refer to approved construction documents for

other attachments that may be permitted,

similar to Figure 100 on page 77 (wood and bar

joist).

Attachments: Suspended

Figure 101: Attachment of cable to the equipment.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Rigid connection to the building structure using angle/

strut supports

Equipment may have pre-installed brackets for angle

support attachments as shown below in Figure 102.

Figure 102: Rigid attachment of angles to the building structure.
80 81

Vibration-isolated connection to the building structure

using a minimum of four threaded vertical rods and

lateral restraints

Equipment may have pre-installed brackets for angle

support attachments. See Figures 105 and 106 (below).

Figure 105: Plan view of vibration isolation suspended

attachment to the building structure.

The side view (below) shows vibration isolators, rods

(without rod stiffeners), and cables.

Figure 106: Side view of vibration isolation suspended

attachment to the building structure.

Attachments: Suspended Attachments: Suspended

Step 4: Attach angle or strut to equipment

Figure 104: Attachment of angle or strut to the equipment.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Pre-approved manufacturer’s/industry manuals

may limit the maximum transverse and

longitudinal angles to 45 degrees.
82 83

Figure 108: Attachment of cable/rod assembly to the

equipment.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Attachments: Suspended Attachments: Suspended

Step 1: Attach equipment to the building structure

using threaded rods, isolators and anchors

For the isolator detail, see Figure 107 (below). For

building structure attachment details, see Figures

92 to 98 (pages 71 to 75).

Figure 107: Isolator detail.

Step 2: Attach anchors and cable to the building

structure

For details on attaching cable to the building structure,

see Figure 100 (page 77). For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Step 3: Attach cables to equipment

For cable assembly instructions, see Cables (page 133).

For details on attaching the vibration-isolated cable/rod

assembly to the equipment, see Figure 108 (page 83).
84 85

Step 4: Attach cable to the building structure

Lay out all attachment points before anchoring. For

building structure attchment details, see Figures 92 to

98 (page 71 to 75). Attach equipment to the vertical

rods.

The attachment should be located just above the

center of gravity to minimize swinging. It should

be a rigid attachment with brackets to the

equipment using double nuts and washers,

especially if connected at the top as shown in

Figure 109 (page 84).

Step 2: Attach rod stiffners

For attachment details, refer to Figure 99 (page 76).

Step 3: Attach anchors to the building for cable

attachment

Figure 100 (page 77) shows typical anchorage to different

building construction. For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

The detail in Figure 109 (page 84) shows the attachment

to the equipment.

For cable assembly instructions, see Cables (page 133).

For details on attaching cable to the building structure,

see Figure 100 (page 77).

Step 5: Attach cables to equipment

Step 1: Attach anchors and vertical rods to the building

structure

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Attachments: Suspended Attachments: Suspended

Two point equipment attachment — bolted to the

building structure

Figure 109: Two point equipment attachment.

Use this type of installation for unit heaters.
86 87

Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted

Attachments

Vibration isolation uses several different springs or

isolation pads to isolate equipment vibrations from the

building structure. Vibration isolators can be open (see

Figure 111, left), housed (see Figure 111, right), and

restrained (see Figure 112, page 88).

NEVER USE HOUSED VIBRATION ISOLATORS

FOR SEISMIC RESTRAINT APPLICATIONS.

Housed isolators cannot resist uplift.

Snubbers (see Figure 113, page 88) are restraint

devices to limit the movement of equipment that is

isolated. Bumpers (see Figure 114, page 89) also limit

the movement of equipment and are similar to snubbers.

NEVER USE SNUBBERS THAT ARE NOT

SPECIFIED. Some snubbers only restrict

movement in one direction.

NEVER USE OPEN VIBRATION ISOLATORS

WITHOUT SNUBBERS OR BUMPERS.

Bases are steel structures made from angles, channels,

or I-beams.

Bases are required for mounting isolated

equipment and rated for point loads. The

equipment or isolator manufacturer may

provide the bases.

Figure 111: Open (left) and housed (right) vibration isolators.

Attachments: Suspended

Lay out all attachment points before anchoring. Follow all

requirements for anchors. For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Step 1: Attach anchor to the building structure

Chain mounted or bar support with swivel

Figure 110: Chain mounted or bar support with swivel.

Attachment should allow the chain or bar to swing freely

in all directions without binding.

Step 2: Attach chain or bar to anchor

Swinging motion should not be obstructed by

other objects within the vicinity of the

equipment supported by the chain.

Design of anchorage must consider the sway of

the light fixture during a seismic event.

END OF ATTACHMENT.
88 89

Figure 114: Example of a bumper.

Figure 115: Vibration isolation pads.

Isolation pads may be placed under electrical equipment

to reduce noise transmission to the building structure.

Vibration isolation pads may be made of molded rubber,

coated fiberglass, cork and various combinations thereof

(see Figure 115 above for examples).

Figure 116: Rubber mounts.

Rubber mounts may be used to isolate equipment. See

Figure 116 right, for rubber mounts with threaded steel

inserts; left, for restrained rubber mounts.

Attachments: Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted Attachments: Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted

Figure 112: Four types of restrained vibration isolators.

Verify that the vibration isolator is properly

aligned according to the manufacturer’s

clearances. If the vibration isolator shaft rubs

against the snubber element, vibration isolation

may not function or noise problems may occur.

Figure 113: Two examples of snubbers.
90 91

Step 2: Install anchors

Drill and install post-installed anchors or pour concrete

with embedded studs. For instructions on installing

anchors, see Anchors (page 104).

Step 3: Set restrained isolators and bolt to anchors

Install restrained isolators to the building structure as

shown in Figure 118 (below). Attach nuts to the anchor.

Use bolts for shell-type anchors or internally threaded

wedge or chemical anchors.

Torque bolts per manufacturer’s

recommendations.

BE CAREFUL NOT TO DAMAGE THE ANCHORS

WHEN SETTING THE EQUIPMENT OR

ISOLATORS.

Attachments: Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted

Figure 118: Attachment of restrained vibration isolators to the

building structure.

Attachments: Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted

The three ways of attaching vibration-isolated/floormounted equipment are on:

• Restrained vibration isolators (this page).

• Open isolators combined with snubbers (page 93).

• Elastomeric pads with isolated anchors (page 96).

Restrained vibration isolators

More than four restrained vibration isolators

may be required. See the manufacturer’s

instructions.

Step 1: Determine where to bolt the equipment

Accurately draw the bolt pattern on the floor or pad using

one of the following methods:

• Set the equipment in place and mark the holes.

• Make a template.

• Use measurements and approved construction documents to lay out the bolt hole pattern.

Figure 117: Typical installation of restrained vibration

isolators.
92 93

Attachments: Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted

Open isolators combined with snubbers

Figure 120: Typical installation of open isolators and snubbers.

Additional snubbers may be required. See the

manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 1: Determine where to bolt the equipment

Accurately draw the bolt pattern for the open isolator

mounting plate on the floor or pad using one of the

following methods:

• Set the equipment in place and mark the holes.

• Make a template.

• Use measurements and approved construction

documents to lay out the bolt hole pattern.

Step 2: Install post-installed anchors for open isolators

only (snubbers are covered in later steps)

Drill and install post-installed anchors for open isolators.

For instructions on installing anchors, see Anchors (page

104).

Figure 119: Attachment of equipment to restrained vibration

isolators.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Attachments: Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted

Step 4: Move the equipment into place over the

isolators

Use leveling nuts to level the equipment. Use attachment

nuts to attach the base of the equipment to the isolator.

Figure 119 (below) shows typical ways to connect the

equipment to the restrained isolators.
94 95

Attachments: Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted

Step 5: Determine where to attach snubber equipment

assembly

A snubber has two assemblies: the snubber equipment

assembly and the snubber base assembly.

Level the equipment. Final leveling will be required in

later steps. Accurately draw the bolt pattern for the

snubber equipment assembly mounting plate on the floor

or pad and on the equipment.

All clearance requirements for aligning the

snubber must be met. Shims may be provided.

Step 6: Attach snubber equipment assembly to

equipment Step 6: Attach snubber equipment assembly to

equipment

Attach the snubber equipment assembly to the

equipment by bolting it to embedded bolts in a concretefilled base (see Figure 121, page 94), or by bolting or

welding it to a steel base.

Step 7: Determine where to bolt snubber base

Accurately draw the bolt pattern for the snubber

mounting plate on the floor or pad.

Step 8: Drill and install post-installed anchors

For instructions on installing anchors, see Anchors (page

104).

Step 9: Raise the equipment

Raise the equipment to allow the snubber base assembly

to be placed over the anchors installed in Step 6.

Step 3: Attach open isolators to concrete floor or pad

with anchors installed in Step 2

Set isolators, apply nuts and torque. Use bolts for shelltype anchors or internally threaded wedge or chemical

anchors.

Torque bolts per manufacturer’s

recommendations.

BE CAREFUL NOT TO DAMAGE THE ANCHORS

WHEN SETTING THE EQUIPMENT OR

ISOLATORS.

Step 4: Set equipment on open isolators

Set equipment on isolators but do not level or torque

attachment nuts.

Equipment structural frame must be point load

capable at the open spring isolators.

Some installations require the base to be concrete-filled.

See Figure 121 (below) for a typical concrete-filled

installation.

Coordinate the attachment point locations of

the equipment and snubbers before filling with

concrete.

Figure 121: Concrete-filled inertia base.

Attachments: Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted
96 97

Attachments: Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted

It is preferred to use the holes provided by the

manufacturer. Under supervisory approval, you

may need to drill additional holes in the

equipment assembly or building steel beams as

shown on approved construction documents or

the manufacturer’s instructions.

USE CAUTION WHEN DRILLING INTO

EQUIPMENT. Internal components can be

damaged or the manufacturer’s warranty

may be voided.

DO NOT DRILL OVERSIZED HOLES. New holes

cannot be oversized or oval in shape. Repair

oversized holes as shown in Figure 76 (page

54), if necessary.

Step 2: Install anchors

If the equipment is to be anchored to concrete, drill and

install post-installed anchors or pour concrete with castin-place studs (see Anchors, page 104).

If the equipment is to be bolted to steel, drill

holes in the steel as shown on approved construction documents or the manufacturer’s

instructions.

Step 3: Move equipment into place

BE CAREFUL NOT TO DAMAGE THE ANCHORS

WHEN SETTING THE EQUIPMENT.

Step 4: Attach nuts or weld equipment

Attach nuts to the anchor/bolt and torque, see Anchors

(page 104) or weld equipment to steel beams or

embedded plates, see Welding (page 128).

Raceways, conduits, and cable trays may now be

connected.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Attachments: Vibration-isolated/Floor-mounted

Step 10: Lower the equipment

Level equipment and connect the two snubber

assemblies as specified in the manufacturer’s

instructions. Verify that spacing requirements

are met. Complete the final attachment to open

isolators.

DO NOT INSTALL THE ISOLATORS OR

SNUBBERS IN ANY CONFIGURATION OTHER

THAN THAT SHOWN IN THE MANUFACTURER’S

INSTRUCTIONS.

The equipment is now installed to resist earthquakes.

Flexible piping, ductwork, and conduit connections must

be used when connecting systems to isolated equipment.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Elastomeric pads with isolated anchors

Figure 122: Elastomeric pads with isolated anchors.

Step 1: Determine where to bolt the equipment

Accurately draw the bolt pattern on the floor, concrete

pad, or steel beams using one of the following methods:

• Set the equipment in place and mark the holes.

• Make a template.

• Use measurements and approved construction

documents to lay out the bolt hole pattern.
98 99

Step 1: Determine where to bolt the equipment

Accurately draw the bolt pattern on the wall using one of

the following methods:

• Set the equipment in place and mark the holes.

• Make a template.

• Use measurements and approved construction

documents to lay out the bolt hole pattern.

Drywall or masonry walls may require additional holes in

equipment attachment brackets as shown on approved

construction documents or in the equipment

manufacturer’s instructions.

ONLY USE MOUNTING BRACKETS PROVIDED.

DO NOT DRILL INTO THE EQUIPMENT

HOUSING.

DO NOT DRILL OVERSIZED HOLES. New holes

cannot be oversized or oval in shape. Repair

oversized holes as shown in Figure 76 (page

54), if necessary.

Step 2: Install post-installed anchors

If anchoring to concrete, install post-installed anchors

(see Anchors, page 104, or Masonry and Drywall

Anchors, page 114).

Step 3: Move the equipment into place

BE CAREFUL NOT TO DAMAGE THE ANCHORS

WHEN SETTING THE EQUIPMENT.

Step 4: Attach nuts

Attach nuts to the anchor or bolt and torque

according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Raceways, conduits, and cable trays may now be

connected.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Attachments: Wall-mounted

Wall-mounted Attachments

Use the instructions for mounting “Directly to the wall”

(below) for equipment surface-mounted on the underside

of a building structural slab or rated structural ceiling.

The three types of wall mounting are:

• Directly to the wall (this page).

• To additional structural steel shapes attached to

the wall (page 100).

• Vibration-isolated off the wall (page 102).

Directly to the wall

Equipment should have pre-installed brackets that can

support attachment to the building as shown in Figure

123 (below).

Figure 123: Direct attachment to a wall.
100 101

Electric water heaters may be attached to the wall with

a simple strap arrangement, as shown in Figure 125

(below).

Figure 125: Electric water heater attachment.

Attachments: Wall-mounted Attachments: Wall-mounted

To additional structural steel shapes attached to the

wall

Equipment attaches to the wall with additional structural

steel shapes and bolts. Shapes may be welded. These

steel shapes are attached to the building using concrete,

masonry, or drywall anchors.

Figure 124 (below) shows how angles and struts can be

used for attachment to a wall. Angles and struts must

accommodate wall construction attachment points and

obstructions. Figure 157 (page 142) shows the direct

attachment of a strut assembly.

Figure 124: Angle or strut support.
102 103

Vibration-isolation of equipment reduces the

transmission of equipment noise and vibration into the

building structure. See Figure 107 (page 82) for isolator

detail.

Figure 126: Wall-mounted, vibration-isolated equipment.

Step 1: Assemble wall frame with isolators

Accurately draw the bolt pattern on the wall using one of

the following methods:

• Set the frame in place and mark the holes.

• Make a template.

• Use measurements and approved construction

documents to lay out the bolt hole pattern.

Step 2: Install anchors

If anchoring to concrete, install post-installed anchors

(see Anchors, page 104, or Masonry and Drywall

Anchors, page 114).

Step 3: Attach isolators, rod, and hang equipment

Attach the isolators to the framing.

Raceways, conduits, and cable trays may now be

connected.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Attachments: Wall-mounted Attachments: Wall-mounted

Step 1: Determine the anchor locations

Find studs in drywall. Use measurements and

construction drawings to lay out the bolt hole pattern

and mark the anchor locations.

Step 2: Install anchors

If anchoring to concrete, install post-installed anchors

(see Anchors, page 104, or Masonry and Drywall Anchors,

page 114).

Step 3: Move equipment into place and bolt to frame

It is preferred to use the holes provided by the

manufacturer. Under supervisory approval, you

may need to drill additional holes in the

equipment assembly or building steel beams as

shown on approved construction documents or

the manufacturer’s instructions.

USE CAUTION WHEN DRILLING INTO

EQUIPMENT. Internal components can be

damaged or the manufacturer’s warranty

may be voided.

DO NOT DRILL OVERSIZED HOLES. New holes

cannot be oversized or oval in shape. Repair

oversized holes as shown in Figure 76 (page

54), if necessary.

Raceways, conduits, and cable trays may now be

connected.

END OF ATTACHMENT.

Vibration-isolated off the wall

Equipment attaches to the wall with additional structural

steel shapes, threaded rods and vibration isolators.

Shapes may be welded. These steel shapes are attached

to the building using concrete, masonry, or drywall

anchors.

Figure 126 (page 103) shows how rods, angles and

struts can be used to isolate equipment attached to a

wall. Angles and struts accommodate wall construction

attachment points.
104 105

Anchors: General

Step 1: Determine the type of anchor

Using Figure 127 (page 104), identify the anchor

recommended for your application. Anchors 1-6 are postinstalled anchors and instructions for installing them

begin on this page. Anchors 7-11 are specialty anchors

and instructions are shown on pages 112 to 129.

The various steps for installing anchors into concrete,

brick, and concrete block anchors are shown below.

Non-Adhesive Anchors

Adhesive Anchors

Figure 128: Summary of installation steps.

Approved construction documents may require

special inspection to torque anchors or for

proof load using hydraulic rams.

Step 2: Determine where to drill the hole

To determine anchor locations for the equipment you are

installing, follow the instructions for the Attachment Type

you are using (pages 51 to 103). Coordinate the

equipment connections and hole locations with the

location of any steel reinforcements or tendons.

ANCHORS

General Anchors

IMPORTANT: Installation methods depend on

the type of anchor and the particular

application. Always follow the anchor

manufacturer’s installation instructions.

Figure 127: Types of anchors.

Some anchors shall not be used with vibratory

loads.
106 107

Figure 129: Embedment depth and hole depth of four anchor

types.

The depth of the concrete base must be at least one inch

greater than the hole you are drilling.

Some undercut anchors require an even deeper

concrete base.

If you strike steel reinforcement when drilling,

you must have the damage inspected. As

directed, fill the hole with approved grout and

select a new location according to minimum

spacing requirements. Drill a new hole (see

below).

Figure 130: Drilling into concrete with rebar.

Anchors: General Anchors: General

Determine the depth and location of any steel

reinforcement or tendons before drilling. This may require

relocating equipment slightly to avoid the reinforcement.

FOR POST-TENSIONED (PRE-STRESSED)

BUILDINGS, LOCATE THE TENDONS

BEFORE DRILLING. EXTREME DAMAGE MAY

OCCUR IF A TENDON IS NICKED OR CUT.

When using electronic locating devices to find

reinforcement and tendons, make sure you know the

limitations of the device. Calibrate and test with a known

standard or location to confirm accuracy. Check the area

of concern in two directions. Inform the contractor

performing the work of the precision of the test unit and

record the results. For example: agreed upon mark +/- 1⁄4”

location vertical, horizontal, and depth +/- 1⁄2”.

Coordinate the location of anchors with the edge of the

concrete, construction joints, and other anchors.

Do not install the anchor too close to the edge

of the concrete base. Typically the anchor’s

distance from the edge is 11⁄2 times the

embedment depth.

Do not install an anchor too close to another

anchor. Typically the minimum spacing between

anchors is two times the anchor’s embedment

depth.

Step 3: Drill the hole

Drill the right-sized hole for the anchors. Use

the appropriate ANSI-rated drill bit for the

application.

Do not drill holes into concrete at an angle.

For wedge, undercut and sleeve anchors, drill the hole

deeper than the required embedment depth.

The required hole depth may be different from

the embedment depth. See Figure 129

(page 107).
108 109

Step 6: Setting adhesive, shell and undercut anchors

ONLY

Adhesive Anchor: Allow enough time for the

adhesive to fully cure. The curing process may

take a long time. See the manufacturer’s

instructions.

Shell Anchor: Drive the prescribed setting tool

into the anchor until the setting tool shoulder

meets the edge of the anchor, as shown below.

See the manufacturer’s instructions.

Figure 132: Set shell anchors.

Undercut Anchor: Use special tools provided by

the anchor manufacturer to set the anchor, as

shown below. See the manufacturer’s

instructions.

Figure 133: Set undercut anchors.

Anchors: General Anchors: General

Step 4: Clean out the hole

Drilled holes must be cleaned before you can insert the

anchor. Use clean, dry compressed air to blow out dust

and debris. The type of anchor or application also may

require you to use a brush.

See the anchor manufacturer’s instructions for

cleaning the hole.

CLEANING IS IMPORTANT: a “dirty” hole can

significantly reduce an anchor’s performance.

Step 5: Insert the anchor

If you are installing any anchor other than an adhesive

anchor, drive the anchor into the hole with a hammer or

use a wrench rotor hammer for concrete bolts.

IMPORTANT: DO NOT DAMAGE THE THREADS

DURING INSTALLATION. DO NOT FORCE THE

ANCHOR. If you use a larger hammer than

recommended by the manufacturer, you may

damage the anchor.

If you are installing an adhesive anchor, insert the

capsule or inject non-capsule adhesive into the hole.

Slowly rotate the anchor into place as shown below.

Figure 131: Adhesive anchor installation.

If you have installed a wedge or sleeve anchor, go to

Step 7 (page 110).
110 111

Cast-in-place Anchors

Cast-in-place anchors are embedded in the concrete

when the floors or walls are poured. Bolts are firmly held

in place while the concrete is poured to maintain proper

alignment and position. The size and location of the

anchors can be determined from approved construction

documents.

Step 1: Move the equipment into place

Figure 136: Bolting equipment to cast-in-place anchors.

Step 2: Secure equipment

Once the equipment is in place, apply washers and nuts

and then tighten.

Tighten the anchor bolt to the correct torque

setting in the manufacturer’s instructions or

approved construction documents. Use a

calibrated torque wrench or turn-of-nut method

(see Table 14, page 124).

END OF DETAIL.

Step 7: Set the equipment and tighten the anchors

Set the equipment in place. Check for gaps. Gaps under

the equipment must not be greater than 1/8” as shown

below. If the gap is greater than 1/8”, dry pack the gap

with grout and repeat this step.

Figure 134: Acceptable gap for grouted plate.

For anchor bolts larger than 3/8”, the equipment

housing should be reinforced using a structural angle

bracket as shown in Figure 135 (below).

Figure 135: Installing a reinforcing angle bracket to

equipment.

Tighten the anchor bolt to the correct torque

setting in the manufacturer’s instructions or

approved construction documents. Use a

calibrated torque wrench.

Anchors: General

END OF DETAIL.
112 113

Anchors: Lag Bolts

Step 2: Drill a clearance hole

Drill a hole with a drill bit the same size as the shank of

the bolt. The depth of the hole is the same as the length

of the unthreaded shank that will extend into the wood

(see Figure 137, page 112).

Step 3: Drill a lead hole

Drill a hole with a drill bit that is 60% to 70% of the

diameter of the shank of the bolt. The depth of the hole is

the same as the embedment depth of the bolt (see Figure

137, page 112).

Step 4: Move the equipment or steel shape into place

Step 5: Install the lag bolt with a wrench

You may use soap or other lubricant on the lag bolt.

DO NOT USE A HAMMER TO INSTALL LAG

BOLTS.

Step 6: Tighten the bolt

Hand-adjust the lag bolt until there is firm contact

between the lag bolt and connected metal components.

Hand tools may be used to bring the lag bolt and metal

components into contact. Following contact, tighten nut

as shown in Table 14 (page 124).

END OF DETAIL.

Lag Bolts

Lag bolts are used to attach equipment or steel shapes

to wood structures. The size and location of the anchors

can be determined from construction drawings (see

Figure 137 below).

• The edge distance for the non-loaded side is 11⁄2

times the bolt diameter.

• The edge distance for the loaded side is 4 times the

bolt diameter.

• The spacing between bolts is 4 times the bolt

diameter.

• The end distance is 7 times the bolt diameter.

Figure 137: Spacing requirements for wood lag bolts.

Figure 137 is allowed for cable attachment. If a

strut is attached to wood, both edge distances

are considered loaded and require 4 times the

bolt diameter.

Do not anchor to the end grain.

Step 1: Mark the location of the lag bolts

Lead holes and clearance holes are not required for lag

bolts that are 3/8” or smaller. If the lag bolt is smaller

than 3/8”, go to Step 4.
114 115

Anchors: Masonry and Drywall

Step 2: Determine where to drill the hole

Anchors shown in Figure 138 (page 114) must be

installed in specific areas of hollow block and in-filled

block. See Figure 139 (below) for approved anchor hole

locations when using any of the concrete block anchors

shown in Figure 138 (page 114).

Figure 139: Block wall locations.

The location of the anchors should be coordinated with

the block webs, or centered in the cell face, and properly

spaced from other anchors.

DO NOT POSITION THE HOLES IN THE HEAD

JOINT. Carefully note the location of anchors in

the face location, centered face location, and

bed joint as they apply to different anchors.

Masonry and Drywall Anchors

Step 1: Determine the type of anchor

Figure 138: Types of masonry and drywall anchors.
116 117

Step 4: Clean out the hole

Drilled holes must be cleaned before you can insert the

anchor. Use clean, dry compressed air to blow out dust

and debris. The type of anchor or application also may

require you to use a brush.

See the anchor manufacturer’s instructions for

cleaning the hole.

CLEANING IS IMPORTANT: a “dirty” hole can

significantly reduce an anchor’s performance.

Step 5: Insert the anchor

The following anchors use different insertion methods.

• Adhesive screen anchor in a brick wall or hollow block

wall (this page).

• Adhesive anchor in a hollow block wall (page 118).

• Concrete screw (page 119).

• Toggle bolt (page 119).

• Concrete anchor (sleeve anchor or wedge anchor)

(page 120).

• Drywall anchor (lag bolts and sheet metal screws)

(page 120).

Adhesive screen anchor in a brick wall or hollow block

wall

See the anchor manufacturer’s instructions

before connecting the anchor to a brick or

hollow block wall.

A screen insert is shown in Figure 140 (page 118). Insert

the screen in the wall. Inject the adhesive. Slowly insert

the anchor with a twisting motion.

Screens may be filled with adhesive before

inserting the screen into the hole.

For details on installing adhesive anchors in a brick wall,

see Figure 141 (page 118). Similar installation applies to

hollow block walls. Adjust the anchor by hand while the

adhesive sets.

Anchors: Masonry and Drywall Anchors: Masonry and Drywall

When installing through-bolts: avoid webs in

block walls, reinforcements in grout-filled

walls, and studs in drywall.

When installing lag bolts and sheet metal

screws in drywall: install in a wood or metal

stud as appropriate.

Determine the depth and location of any steel

reinforcement in grout-filled block walls or

brick before drilling. This may require

relocating equipment slightly to miss

reinforcement.

When using electronic locating devices to find

reinforcements and tendons, make sure you know the

limitations of the device. Calibrate and test with a known

standard or location to confirm accuracy. Check the area

of concern in two directions. Inform the contractor

performing the work of the precision of the test unit and

record the results. For example: agreed upon mark +/- 1⁄4”

location vertical, horizontal, and depth +/- 1⁄2”.

Step 3: Drill the hole

Drill the right-sized hole for the anchors. Use

the appropriate ANSI-rated drill bit for the

application.

Use masonry drill bits for brick and block.

DO NOT CUT STEEL REINFORCEMENT WHEN

DRILLING HOLES.

If you strike steel reinforcement when drilling,

you must have the damage inspected. As

directed, fill the hole with approved grout and

select a new location according to minimum

spacing requirements. Drill a new hole (see

Figure 130, page 107).

Holes for concrete screws are smaller than

screw size. See the manufacturer’s instructions

for specific requirements.
118 119

Figure 142: Umbrella anchor in a hollow block wall.

Concrete screw

Drill bits may be specifically sized for each manufacturer,

and typically are smaller in diameter than the nominal or

fractional diameter of a screw. Install a concrete screw

with a rotary drill and bolt the head attachment.

Toggle bolt

Hold the toggle flat alongside the plastic straps and slide

the channel through the hole. Slide the holding ring

toward the wall until the channel is flush with the wall.

Cut off the straps at the holding ring. Insert the bolt with

a rotary drill over the bracket or equipment mounting (see

Figure 143 on page 120).

Anchors: Masonry and Drywall Anchors: Masonry and Drywall

DO NOT TOUCH THE ANCHOR WHILE THE

ADHESIVE IS CURING.

Figure 140: Brick/block wall insert.

Figure 141: Brick wall adhesive anchor.

Adhesive anchor in a hollow block wall

See the anchor manufacturer’s instructions

before connecting the anchor to a hollow block

wall.

Push an umbrella anchor into the hole until the umbrella

unfolds in the block cavity. Inject adhesive into the

umbrella. Slowly insert stud or fastener with a twisting

motion.

DO NOT LEAK ADHESIVE ON THE THREADED

PORTION OR CLEAN WITH SOLVENT. The

threaded area must be free of debris to attach

to a threaded rod or steel bolt.
120 121

Step 6: Set the anchor (adhesive only)

Allow enough time for the adhesive to harden and adhere

to the concrete. This may take several hours.

Step 7: Set the equipment and tighten the anchors

Tighten the anchor bolt to the proper torque

setting as shown in the anchor manufacturer’s

instructions or approved construction

documents.

In-filled block walls may have gaps in the grout fill or the

grout may slightly crack, requiring anchors to be installed

in the center of the cell.

If the grout cracks severely, or if you miss a

grouted block, the anchor will not tighten and

will pull out. If it pulls out, move the anchor to a

new centered cell location.

Anchors: Masonry and Drywall

END OF DETAIL.

Anchors: Masonry and Drywall

Figure 143: Toggle bolt installation.

DO NOT OVER-TIGHTEN.

Concrete anchor (sleeve anchor or wedge anchor)

Use a hammer to drive the anchor in the hole.

DO NOT FORCE THE ANCHOR. If you use a

hammer larger than recommended, you may

damage the anchor.

To determine the embedment depth of post-installed

anchors, see Figure 129 (page 107).

Drywall anchor (lag bolts and sheet metal screws)

Use a rotary drill to insert the anchor.

DO NOT OVER-TIGHTEN.
122 123

Steel Bolt Connections

The three ways to attach bolted connections are:

• Connecting the base of the equipment to an angle

bolted to a concrete floor (this page).

• Bolting two structural steel shapes together

(page 125).

• Bolting a threaded rod to steel shapes or strut

(page 126).

Connecting the base of the equipment to an angle

bolted to a concrete floor

Step 1: Preparation

Determine the bolt size or sheet metal screw

and material requirements from approved

construction documents or the manufacturer’s

instructions.

Figure 145: Bolting equipment to an angle.

Power-Actuated Anchors

Step 1: Determine type of anchor

Figure 144: Two types of power-actuated anchors.

Authorities having jurisdiction may require a

license to use power-actuated anchors.

Refer to the Anchor Selection Guide (page 151)

for additional information.

Step 2: Determine where to place the fastener

Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for

minimum slab thickness and best location.

Step 3: Install anchor

Using tools provided by the anchor manufacturer, install

the anchor at the desired location. Follow all the

manufacturer’s instructions. Also see Power-Actuated

information in the Anchor Selection Guide (page 151).

For threaded rods, follow Step 4.

When using drive pins, install the pin with the strap or

wire to complete the installation.

Step 4: Set equipment and tighten

Tighten the anchor nuts over equipment brackets on the

threaded rods.

END OF DETAIL.
124 125

Bolting two structural steel shapes together

Step 1: Preparation

Determine the bolt size and material

requirements from approved construction

documents or the manufacturer’s instructions.

Figure 146: Bolting structural shapes.

Step 2: Locate holes

It is preferred to use the holes provided by the

manufacturer. Under supervisory approval, you

may need to drill additional holes in the

equipment assembly or building steel beams as

shown on approved construction documents or

the manufacturer’s instructions.

USE CAUTION WHEN DRILLING INTO

EQUIPMENT. Internal components can be

damaged or the manufacturer’s warranty

may be voided.

DO NOT DRILL OVERSIZED HOLES. New holes

cannot be oversized or oval in shape. Repair

oversized holes as shown in Figure 76 (page

54), if necessary.

Step 3: Install bolts, washers, and nuts

Apply washers and nuts, then tighten.

Tighten the anchor bolt to the correct torque

setting shown in the manufacturer’s

instructions or approved construction

documents. Use a calibrated torque wrench or

turn-of-nut method (see Table 14, page 124).

Anchors: Steel Bolt Connections Anchors: Steel Bolt Connections

Step 2: Locate attachment holes

It is preferred to use the holes provided by the

manufacturer. Under supervisory approval, you

may need to drill additional holes in the

equipment assembly or building steel beams as

shown on approved construction documents or

the manufacturer’s instructions.

USE CAUTION WHEN DRILLING INTO

EQUIPMENT. Internal components can be

damaged or the manufacturer’s warranty

may be voided.

DO NOT DRILL OVERSIZED HOLES. New holes

cannot be oversized or oval in shape. Repair

oversized holes as shown in Figure 76 (page

54), if necessary.

Step 3: Install bolts, washers, and nuts

Once the equipment is in place, apply washers and nuts

and then tighten.

Tighten the anchor bolt to the correct torque

setting shown in the manufacturer’s

instructions or approved construction

documents.

For turn-of-nut tightening, hand-adjust the bolt until

there is firm contact between the bolt and the connected

metal components. Hand tools may be used to bring the

bolt and metal components into contact. Following

contact, tighten the nut as shown below.

Table 14: Turn-of-nut, hand-adjusted tightening.

Length of Bolt Additional

Tightening

U n p to and including 4 diameters 1/3 tur

Over 4 diameters and not more than

8 diameters

1/2 turn

Over 8 diameters and not more than

12 diameters

5/6 turn
126 127

Anchors: Steel Bolt Connections

Equipment without attachment brackets require

additional steel shapes for connections to the building

structure and/or roof.

Once the equipment is in place, apply washers and nuts,

then tighten.

Tighten the anchor bolt to the correct torque

setting shown in the manufacturer’s instructions

or approved construction documents. Use a

calibrated torque wrench or turn-of-nut method

(see Table 14, page 124).

Step 3: Attach treaded rods to equipment brackets

END OF DETAIL.

Step 1: Preparation

Determine the threaded rod size from approved

construction documents or the manufacturer’s

instructions.

The three different ways to attach the top connection of

a threaded rod are shown in Figure 147 (below).

Step 2: Attach the top connection of the threaded rod

Figure 147: Attaching the top connection of the treaded rod.

Apply washers and nuts, then tighten.

Tighten the anchor bolt to the correct torque

setting shown in the manufacturer’s

instructions or approved construction

documents. Use a calibrated torque wrench or

turn-of-nut method (see Table 14, page 124).

Bolting a threaded rod to steel shapes or strut

A threaded rod is used with suspended equipment. This

section includes attachment to the equipment and

attachment at the top (see Suspended Attachments,

page 71).ads to equipment brackets

Anchors: Steel Bolt Connections
128 129

Step 2: Fit the material to ensure proper weld joint

preparation

Step 3: Clean the surfaces

Surfaces must be dry and free of galvanized coating, hotdipped or rust inhibitor, paint, scale, rust, oil, grease,

water, and other foreign material for a minimum of one

inch from the estimated toe of the weld.

Step 4: Weld the materials

The weld must be as prescribed in the welding procedure

specifications (WPS).

WPS for shop and field pre-qualified weld joints and weld

joints qualified by test must be prepared for review and

approval before fabrication. All welding procedure items

such as base metals, welding processes, filler metals and

joint details that meet the requirements of AWS D1.1 will

be considered prequalified. Any change or substitution

beyond the range or tolerance or requirements for prequalification will be qualified by test per AWS D1.1.

DO NOT WELD OVER PAINT. You may paint

after welding has cooled to room temperature.

Step 5: Inspect the weld

Make sure the surface is free of slag, dirt, grease, oil,

scale, or other contaminants.

Welds cannot have cracks. Adjacent layers of weld metal

and base metal must be thoroughly fused together.

All craters must be filled to the full cross-section except

outside the effective weld length.

Underrun must not exceed 1/16”. Undercut must not

exceed 1/16” for any 2” per 12” weld or 1/32” for the entire

weld.

Surfaces must be free of coarse ripples, grooves, abrupt

ridges, and valleys. The faces of fillet welds must be flat

or slightly convex.

Anchors: Welding

END OF DETAIL.

Welding

Before welding, refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and manufacturer’s instructions.

Attaching equipment to embedded plates: Plates are

embedded in the concrete during the floor or wall pour.

Plates are firmly held in place while the concrete is

poured to maintain proper alignment and position. The

size and location of the plate can be determined from

approved construction documents. See Figure 148

(below) for weld locations.

Figure 148: Welding to embedded plates.

Attaching structural shapes and plates: Shapes and

plates are welded to provide equipment attachment. All

weld base material must be thick enough for the weld

size specified.

Step 1: Determine the weld material, shape, and

dimensions for each piece
130 131

Anchors: Sizes for Equipment Weighing

Less than 400 Pounds

Table 16: Roof-mounted anchor sizes for rigid connections.

These anchor/weld selections apply to

equipment in which the height of the center

of gravity (center of equipment mass) is

less than twice the base length AND twice

the base width.

Suspended equipment

Rigidly suspend equipment from the building structure

above with angles or rods and cables according to Table

17 (below and next page). Torque anchors according to

the manufacturer’s instructions.

Table 17: Suspended equipment anchor sizes for rigid

connections (table continued on next page).

Anchor Sizes for Equipment Weighing

Less than 400 Pounds

Rigid floor-mounted equipment

Bolt equipment to a concrete floor or weld to a steel

beam according to Table 15 (below). Install one anchor

at each corner. Torque anchors according to the

manufacturer’s instructions.

Table 15: Rigid floor-mounted anchor sizes.

These anchor/weld selections apply to

equipment in which the height of the center

of gravity (center of equipment mass) is

less than twice the base length AND twice

the base width.

Roof-mounted equipment

Anchor equipment to a concrete deck, a wood beam, or

directly to a steel structural shape according to Table 16

(page 131). Install one anchor at each corner. Torque

anchors according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Anchor

Embedment

(in.)

Minimum Edge

Distance (in.)

1 " /4" wedge 2 " 3

3 " /8" sleeve 1 " -1/4 2

1/8" weld 1" long at each

corner

N/A

Anchor Embedment

(in.)

Minimum Edge

Distance (in.)

1 " /4" wedge 2 " 3

3 " /8" sleeve 1 " -1/4 2

3 " /8" lag 1-1/2

1-1/2" to edge

of wood and

3" from end

1 A /4" steel bolt N " / 1/2

1/8" weld 2" long at each

corner N/A

Vertical

threaded rod Quantity

Anchors per

Rod

1/2" rod with

rod stiffener

One on each

corner 1
132 133

SPECIAL CASES

Cables

The three ways to assemble a cable connection are by

using:

• Bolts with center holes (page 134).

• Ferrule clamps (page 135).

• Wire rope grips (page 137).

Other end fittings may be acceptable.

Cables should be installed at a 45-degree slope. Where

interferences are present, the slope may be a minimum of

30 degrees or a maximum of 60 degrees.

Figure 149: Cable attachments.

Table 17 (continued): Suspended equipment anchor sizes for

rigid connections.

Anchors: Sizes for Equipment Weighing

Less than 400 Pounds

C y able Quantit Anchors per

cable

1/8" seismic

cable

4 at 45 degrees,

one from each

corner

1

END OF DETAIL.

Cable anchor

Embedment

(in.)

Minimum Edge

Distance (in.)

1 " /2" wedge 2 " -1/4 3-1/2

1 " /2" sleeve 2 " -1/4 3-1/2

3 " /8" lag bolt 2

1-1/2" to edge

of wood and

3" from end

1 A /2" steel bolt N " / 1

Rod anchor

Embedment

(in.)

Minimum Edge

Distance

1 " /2" wedge 2 " -1/4 3-1/2

1 " /2" sleeve 2 " -1/4 3-1/2

3 " /8" lag bolt 2

1-1/2" to edge

of wood and

3" from end

1 A /2" steel bolt N " / 1
134 135

END OF DETAIL.

Step 5: Torque bolts

Torque bolts per manufacturer’s

recommendations.

Overtorque may damage cables.

Ferrule clamps

Ferrule clamps may be connected to various types of

attachments. Figure 151 (below) and Figure 152 (page

136) show attachments and identify the parts (ferrules,

sleeves, and thimbles) used in the assembly.

Ferrules must be made of steel, zinc-plated

copper, or steel alloys (including stainless

steel). Do not use aluminum ferrules.

Figure 151: Ferrule assemblies.

Special Cases: Cables Special Cases: Cables

Bolts with center holes

The manufacturer provides this type of cable assembly,

along with the cables, mounting bolts with holes, and

brackets that attach directly to the building structure or

equipment frame. Assemble the cable as shown below.

Figure 150: Cable attached with bolts to a bracket.

Step 1: Drill anchor holes in the building structure as

required

Step 2: Attach brackets to both the building and the

equipment frame

Step 3: Cut the cable to desired length and slide it

through the holes in the bolts

Step 4: Tighten the cable

For rigid connections, pull the cable hand tight. For

isolated components, pull the cable hand-tight and let out

1/8” slack. Avoid using too much tension or too much

slack.
136 137

Wire rope grips

Installing cables attached with wire rope grips is similar

to attaching ferrule clamps, as shown below.

Figure 153: Wire rope grip assemblies.

Figure 153 clarifies the orientation of wire

rope grips.

Step 1: Install brackets with mounting holes, eyebolts, or drill mounting holes

Step 2: Cut cable to the desired length and slide three

wire rope grips and thimbles onto the cable

Special Cases: Cables Special Cases: Cables

Figure 152: Ferrule attachments.

Step 1: Install brackets with mounting holes, eyebolts, or drill mounting holes

Install brackets with mounting holes to the structure.

Attach cables to the top of cord angles. See Suspended

Attachments (page 71).

Step 2: Cut the cable to the desired length and slide the

oval ferrule (sleeve) onto the cable

Step 3: Wrap the cable around the thimble and pass it

through the mounting bolt or holes and back through

the ferrule

Step 4: Tighten the cable

For rigid connections, pull the cable tight. For isolated

components, leave a small amount of slack. Avoid using

too much tension or too much slack.

Step 5: Crimp the ferrule or oval sleeve two or three

times as specified in the cable or ferrule

manufacturer’s instructions

Use crimp tools and gauges specified by the

manufacturer. Crimp and verify the depth of the crimp

using a gauge.

END OF DETAIL.
138 139

Control Panels

Control panels may be built into units, mounted in a

separate electrical panel attached to equipment

assemblies, or mounted as a separate electrical panel

attached to the building structure.

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents and specifications, seismic restraint

submittals, and the manufacturer’s instructions.

If an electrical panel is mounted separately

from the unit and the unit is vibration-isolated,

use flexible electrical connections to allow for

differential movement.

Step 1: Select control panel support configuration

If the control panel is:

• Built into the equipment, no other action is needed.

• An electrical panel attached to the assembly, check

that the attachment is rigid and tight. No other action

is needed.

• A remote panel attached directly to the building

structure or attached using support angles or struts,

support the panel. The four ways of supporting

control panels are by attaching them to:

− An aluminum plate extending from the floor to the

ceiling. The aluminum plate is attached to the floor

and ceiling with angles, as shown on the left in

Figure 155 (page 140).

− A double-strut support spanning the floor and

ceiling as shown on the right in Figure 155 (page

140). Struts are attached to the building structure

with small angle clips.

− Vertical angles or strut extending down to the

floor with angles slanted back to the floor as

shown in Figure 154 (page 140). This is the typical

method. Details are shown in Figure 156 (page

141).

− Walls with wall anchors as shown in Figure 157

(page 142).

Step 3: Pass the cable through the mounting bolt or

holes provided and then back through each of the wire

rope grips

Use thimbles for all cable installations with wire

rope grips.

Step 4: Tighten the cable

For rigid connections, pull the cable tight. For isolated

components, leave a small amount of slack. Avoid using

too much tension or too much slack.

Step 5: Torque all bolts evenly

Use the turn-of-nut tightening method described in Step 3

of Steel Bolt Connections (page 124).

DO NOT OVER-TIGHTEN. See Table 14

(page 124).

Special Cases: Cables

END OF DETAIL.
140 141

Figure 156: Angle assembly support from floor.

Special Cases: Control Panels Special Cases: Control Panels

Figure 154: Typical control panel support using angles.

Additional angle supports may be required (see below).

Figure 155: Two different ways to support control panels:

using a metal plate attached to floor and ceiling with steel

angles (left); using struts extending to floor and ceiling (right).
142 143

Step 4: Attach control panel to frame with a minimum

of four steel bolts

See Steel Bolt Connections (page 123).

Special Cases: Control Panels

END OF DETAIL.

Special Cases: Control Panels

Figure 157: Direct attachment of a strut assembly support to

wall.

Step 2: Assemble the mounting frame

Use bolts or weld the support framing together as

shown in Figures 154 to 157 (pages 140 to 142). See

Steel Bolt Connections (page 123), or Welding (page

128) for more information.

Step 3: Attach the mounting frame to floor or wall

with anchors

Locate and mark hole locations in the building structure.

Install the anchors. See Anchors (page 104) for more

information.

Attach the mounting frame to the building structure.

• To attach strut angles for strut floor-mounted

supports, see Figure 155 (page 140).

• To attach bases for angle floor-mounted supports,

see Figure 156 (page 141).

• To attach strut to wall studs, see Figure 157 (above).
144 145

Special Cases: Housekeeping Pads

Dimensions for the housekeeping pad footprint must be

large enough for the equipment, attachment steel (as

required), and the edge distance of concrete anchors

(see Anchors, page 104), as shown in Figure 160 (below).

Figure 160: Housekeeping pad dimensions.

Figure 159: Housekeeping pad in section view.

If edge distance is not met, get an evaluation

from your supervisor.

Housekeeping Pads

Be sure to refer to approved construction

documents, specifications and the

manufacturer’s instructions.

The construction of housekeeping pads is shown below.

Figure 158: Housekeeping pad.

The housekeeping pad must be a minimum of one inch

thicker than the anchor hole depth, or as required for the

concrete anchors shown in Figure 159 (page 145).

Housekeeping pads must be designed for the

equipment weight and seismic load.
146 147

Step 2: Assemble reinforcement

Assemble the reinforcement as shown in Figure 158

(page 144). Connect the dowels using wire.

Step 3: Pour concrete and allow to cure

Step 4: Drill holes and attach the equipment to

concrete after the concrete has cured

Special Cases: Housekeeping Pads

END OF DETAIL.

Special Cases: Housekeeping Pads

Step 1: Install dowels into the floor

Attachment details for dowels are shown in Figure 161

(below).

• Use measurements and approved construction

documents to lay out the size of the dowels and the

dowel pattern.

• Coordinate the location of embedded “Z” bar shown

in Figure 161 with the concrete subcontractor.

Obtain the size of doweling and reinforcement from

approved construction documents, specifications, or the

manufacturer’s instructions. Exterior dowels must be 1⁄2”

to 1” in diameter. Interior dowels must be 1⁄2” to 3⁄4” in

diameter.

Figure 161: Doweling to the building floor.
148 149

Special Cases: Lighting

Step 1: Verify all T-bar ceiling runners are securely

attached to the building structure as required by

approved construction documents

This work is usually performed by a different subcontractor.

Step 2: Install lighting fixture into the T-bar ceiling

runners

Figure 162: Typical ways to attach light fixturesin suspended Tbar ceiling.

In suspended T-bar ceilings

Do not allow light fixture hanger wires to

contact piping or ductwork as this may result in

vibration or noise problems.

Install splay braces on lights as required by

approved construction documents.

Lighting

The three basic ways to attach lighting fixtures are:

• Directly to the building structure (this page).

• In suspended T-bar ceilings (page 149).

• Pendant-mounted (page 150).

Directly to the building structure

Step 1: Locate the attachment points

Use manufacturer’s recommendation to attach

the fixture to the building structure.

Use anchors to attach to masonry or concrete walls.

Toggle bolts may be used for drywall construction if

allowed by the approved construction documents.

Step 2: Attach the anchors to the building structure

Use brackets supplied by the manufacturer. See Anchors

(page 104) for instructions on installing the anchors.
150 151

Safety is the primary

concern when using poweractuated tools (PAT). PAT

tools pose the greatest risk

to the operator and others

in the area of use. Observe

the following safety

precautions:

Typically not used for

equipment weighing more than

40 pounds.

Never allow a tool to be used

until the operator is properly

trained for the specific tool and

application.

Never use a tool unless all

safety features are functioning

properly.

Always have the operator and

others around wear personal

protective equipment (PPE).

Never use more powerful loads

than required for the particular

application.

Always be aware of the

potential of the fastener

passing through the substrate

or being deflected from its

intended target.

Make sure that all areas are

clear behind and around the

target area.

Have an action plan in place to

properly handle and dispose of

misfired loads.

Always make sure the tools

are low velocity and not

standard velocity. (Standard

velocity tools are not typically

allowed on most jobsites

because of the danger.)

Authorities having jurisdiction may require a license

to use power-actuated

anchors.

ANCHOR SELECTION GUIDE

Threaded Studs

Used in cases where the

fastened equipment is to be

removed later, or where

shimming is required.

Threaded studs for concrete

have a 0.140" to 0.180”

shank diameter, with typical

penetration of 3/4" (minimum) to 1-1/2" into concrete.

Threaded studs for steel plate

applications have a 0.140" to

0.180” shank diameter when

the steel plate thickness is

3/16" or greater.

Drive Pins

Used to directly fasten

equipment for permanent

installation.

Drive pins used for concrete

have a 0.140" to 0.180”

shank diameter, with typical

penetration of 3/4" minimum

to 1-1/2" into concrete.

Drive pins for steel plate

applications have a 0.140" to

0.180” shank diameter when

the steel plate thickness is

3/16" or greater.

Description Warning

Power-Actuated

Attachment to the T-bar ceiling can be made with screws

as shown in Figure 162 (page 149) or with clips provided

by the lighting manufacturer.

Step 4: Run wires directly from the light fixture and

attach to the building structure with anchors.

For instructions on installing anchors, see Anchors (page

104). You may use power-actuated anchors if the anchors

are rated for seismic use and have a tension rating (see

Power-Actuated Anchors on page 122) .

Step 3: Attach lighting fixture to ceiling runners using

screws or clips rated for the weight of the fixture

Special Cases: Lighting

Pendant-mounted

Step 1: Attach light fixture to ceiling

Figure 163: Pendant light fixture attachment

Step 2: Install safety cable

Safety cable should be bolted to light fixture and

extended up to building structure. Safety cable may be

internal to the fixture assembly or exposed.

END OF DETAIL.
152 153

Epoxy

Used by mixing two or more

components with a mixing

nozzle at the point of application. Can be used with

multiple forms of fasteners or

as an adhesive. Many brands

can be used in wet, damp, or

dry conditions. Many formulas

are allowed for use for USDA

food processing areas. Some

may be able to be used

overhead. Permitted many

times in freeze-thaw and

severe weather conditions.

Allows minimal edge distance

and anchor spacing. Typical

shelf life greater than that of

other adhesives used for

anchoring. Not as susceptible

to damage from high storage

temperatures.

Typically requires long curing

times compared to that of

other adhesives. Can be

virtually odor free or can emit

a strong odor, depending on

the formula. Can be difficult to

apply if the epoxy is thick.

Generally not suggested for

use at temperatures below 32

degrees F. Most epoxies

require holes to be cleaned to

obtain maximum values.

Check the MSDS sheets or

with your supervisor to

determine if masks are

required.

Many types of acrylics produce a strong odor during the

curing process. Others have a

minimal odor. Check the

MSDS sheets or with your

supervisor to determine if

masks are required.

Acrylic Adhesive

Dispenses and cures quickly.

Some adhesives can be used

overhead. Some adhesives

can be installed in damp or

water-filled holes. Typically

can be used with many

fastening devices such as

threaded rod, dowels, and

anchors.

Generally purchased from the

manufacturer as a complete

anchoring system. Any

substitution of materials must

be authorized before installation.

Adhesive Undercut

Anchors

Used in heavy-duty applications where substrate is of

poor quality.

Description Warning

Adhesive (cont.)

Anchor Selection Guide Anchor Selection Guide

Capsule Spin-In

Adhesive mixes in the hole

when the anchor is drilled by

a rotary hammer drill only.

Various strengths and types

of rods or fasteners can be

used. Multiple types of

coatings on rods are available. Most commonly used in

concrete; some might be

suitable for use in other

substrates. Most capsules

cure quickly compared to

epoxy.

Do not over-spin during

installation. The rod must

have a roof cut end with a

single or double 45-degree

angle/bevel for mixing. The

hole must be clean and dry to

achieve the maximum

strength. Rod must be clean

and must not be disturbed

during curing. Many capsules

produce strong vapors during

the curing process. Check the

MSDS sheets or with your

supervisor to determine if

masks are required.

Capsule Hammer-in

Adhesive mixes in the hole

when the rod is driven by a

hammer. Various strengths

and types of rods or fasteners can be used. Multiple

types of coatings on rods are

available. Most commonly

used in concrete; some might

be suitable for use in other

substrates. Most capsules

cure quickly compared to

epoxy.

The hole must be clean and

dry to achieve the maximum

strength. Rod must be clean

and must not be disturbed

during curing. Many capsules

produce strong odors during

the curing process. Check the

MSDS sheets or with your

supervisor to determine if

masks are required.

Description Warning

Adhesive
154 155

Sleeve Anchor

Universal anchor for light- to

medium-duty applications.

Multiple head designs fit many

applications and can be

installed in masonry.

A large hole is required for

this anchor. Some anchors

have metric diameters. Some

have multiple parts that can

be unassembled. If reassembled improperly, the

anchor may not perform

properly. If the nut is removed

after the stud is inserted in the

hole, the stud could be

partially separated from the

expansion cone, causing a

reduction in anchor strength,

or be detached from the

expansion cone, requiring

anchor replacement. These

conditions are not visible.

Description Warning

Externally Threaded (cont.)

Concrete Bolts (continued

on next page)

Concrete bolts are recommended for use in dry interior

applications.

Concrete bolts may be

acceptable in some cases for

temporary use in exterior

applications.

Not all concrete bolts used in

resisting earthquake or wind

loads are appropriate and

may be beyond the scope of

the anchors abilities.

Concrete bolts should not be

subjected to vibratory loads

such as those encountered by

supports for reciprocating

engines, crane loads, and

moving loads.

Maintain equal or greater than

minimum edge distance

spacing specified for concrete

bolts or apply reduction

factors if applicable.

The embedment depth is the

distance from the concrete

surface to the bottom of the

screw anchor.

Maintain minimum slab

thickness.

Use ONLY a specific

manufacturer’s recommended

method of installation.

NEVER substitute one

manufacturer’s concrete bolt

installation instructions for

another manufacturer’s

instructions.

DO NOT ASSUME one

manufacturer’s instructions

are the same as another

manufacturer’s instructions.

Anchor Selection Guide Anchor Selection Guide

Wedge Anchor

The most common concrete

anchor for heavy- to lightduty applications. Many

configurations are available

for most applications. Made

from a variety of materials.

Typically designed for static

loads and not used with

reciprocating engines or in

situations where vibrations are

present.

Heavy Duty Undercut

Used in heavy-duty applications. Typically two types:

self-undercutting and

adhesive.

Self-undercutting types use a

special undercutting drill bit

similar to heavy-duty sleeve

anchors except that they fill a

cavity greater than the initial

hole diameter.

May require special tools and

specific drill bits. Typically

cannot be used at variable

embedment depths. Can be

complicated to install. May be

difficult to verify proper

installation.

Heavy Duty Sleeve

Anchor

Expansion anchor for heavyduty requirements.

A large hole is required for

this anchor. Some anchors

have metric diameters. Some

have multiple parts that can

be unassembled. If reassembled improperly, the

anchor may not perform

properly. If the nut is removed

after the stud is inserted in the

hole, the stud could be

partially separated from the

expansion cone, causing a

reduction in anchor strength,

or be detached from the

expansion cone, requiring

anchor replacement. These

conditions are not visible.

Description Warning

Externally Threaded

Center Pin Anchor

Medium-duty expansion

anchor. The anchor is correctly installed when the pin

is completely inserted.

Installation procedures are

simple; no torque is required

to set the anchor.

Typically designed for static

loads and not used with

reciprocating engines, motors

or in situations where vibrations are present.
156 157

Shell Anchor

Flush-mount or sub-surface

internally threaded anchor for

medium- to light-duty

applications. Comes in

fractional and metric sizes

and is available in a variety

of materials.

A special setting tool is

required and must be supplied

by the anchor manufacturer.

The setting tool is designed for

each anchor size and style.

Internally Threaded

Undercut Anchor

Used in heavy-duty applications. Typically come in two

types: self-undercutting and

those using a specialized

undercutting drill bit. Anchors

have internal threads.

Shallow embedment and

small edge distances and

spacing are possible.

May require special tools and

specific drill bits. Typically

cannot be used at variable

embedment depths. Can be

complicated to install. May be

difficult to verify proper

installation.

Others

Similar to the wedge concrete

anchor and used in heavy- to

light-duty applications. Many

configurations are available

to fit most applications. Made

from a variety of materials.

Typically designed for static

loads and not used with

reciprocating engines or in

situations where vibrations are

present.

Anchor Selection Guide Anchor Selection Guide

Concrete Bolts (cont.)

Concrete bolts are limited to

installation in uncracked

concrete masonry. Cracking

may occur from anchor

location in tension zone of

concrete member, anchor

location in setting concrete

member, and anchors subjected to seismic loads, wind

loads, or moving loads.

Concrete bolts are limited to

non-fire-resistive construction

unless appropriate data is

submitted demonstrating that

anchor performance is

maintained in fire-resistive

situations.

Some manufacturers use

different diameter drill bits for

the same nominal diameter

concrete bolt. Use the proper

diameter drill bit before

installation. When a specific

screw anchor manufacturer’s

drill bit diameter is not used, a

reduction of capacity must be

accounted for in the calculations. Other manufacturers

may recommend the use of

ANSI B212 matched diameter

drill bits for use with their

concrete bolts.

Some manufacturers may

allow power tools for installation and others may not.

Some screw anchor manufacturers recommend not using

an electric impact wrench

when re-using the same hole.

Some manufacturers allow

piloting a new anchor hole; 1

or 2 addition applications or

re-uses are possible. If the

manufacturer allows the screw

anchor to be reused, inspect

for excessive wear or the

capacity of the screw anchor.

Description Warning

Externally Threaded (cont.)

Description Warning

Internally Threaded
158 159

Toggle or “Molly”-type

Anchors

Light- to medium-duty

anchor with easy installation

in many substrates. No

drilling is required for some

anchor types or in some

substrates. Some anchors

are supplied with bolts or

screws. Anchors are made

from variety of materials

and colors including plastic,

zinc alloys, and steel.

May require a large hole.

Anchor may or may not be

reusable if the bolt is removed. Severe damage to the

substrate can result if these

anchors are removed after

installation.

Lead Expansion Anchors

Similar to expansion shields,

but typically considered lightduty. Many can be used with

a variety of screws or bolts.

Quick and simple to install.

Can be used in concrete,

CMU, brick, or stone.

Anchor material is malleable

and the threads can be

stripped. Anchor should not be

used in any applications.

DO NOT USE

FOR SEISMIC

RESTRAINT

Description Warning

Light Duty Fastenings (cont.)

Anchor Selection Guide Anchor Selection Guide

Single and Double

Expansion Shields

Multi-purpose anchor used in

concrete, Concrete Masonry

Unit (CMU), brick, or stone.

This anchor distributes fairly

even pressure, making its

use popular in CMU, brick,

and natural stone. Typically

used in conjunction with

machine bolts, which can be

removed and replaced.

Anchor material is malleable

and the threads can be

stripped.

Drive Pin (nail) Anchors

(metal and plastic)

Light-duty anchor with fast

and easy installation in

many substrates.

Concrete Screws

Medium- to Light-Duty

A variety of lengths and

diameters are available.

Often used for temporary

anchorage.

Use only for static loads.

Typically not used in overhead

applications.

Typically not used in situations

where extensive vibrations

are present. Requires the use

of a special drill bit (some

metric) supplied by the anchor

manufacturer.

Special Style Head

Wedge (Ring) Anchor

Wedge anchor with integrated

connection (head) designed

for tie wires or suspended

ceilings.

Typically designed for static

loads and not used with

reciprocating engines or in

situations where vibrations are

present.

DO NOT USE

FOR SEISMIC

RESTRAINT

DO NOT USE

FOR SEISMIC

RESTRAINT

Light Duty Fastenings

Description Warning
160 161

Electrical Danger Instruction Chart

 Heavy equipment should be stabilized with straps

and other tie-downs to reduce the possiblity of

tipping.

 Spreader bars must be evaluated by the appropriate

design professional prior to lifting.

 When lifting, do not pass ropes or cables through lift

holes. Use slings with safety hooks or shackles.

 Damaged vent housings can constrict proper air flow

and expose the interior of electrical voltage

compartment to weather.

 Do not make any modifications to the equipment or

operate the system with interlocks and safety

barriers removed. Contact your manufacturer’s

representative for additional instructions if the

equipment does not fuction as described in this

manual.

 Complete seismic installation and proper inspection of

work prior to enabling the circuit breakers.

 Use out-of-service tags and padlocks when working

on equipment. Leave tags in place until the work is

completed and the equpment is ready to be put back

into service.

 Restore all seismic restraints removed for

maintenance to their original installation

configuration and torque all bolts/anchors to their

proper values.

 Carefully inspect your work area and remove any

tools and objects left inside the equipment.

 Remove all tools, lifting assembly, and miscellaneous

items left on the equipment prior to enabling the

circuit breaker.

 All instructions in this manual and provided by the

manufacturer are written with the assumption that

the customer has taken these measures before

performing any maintenance or testing.

ELECTRICAL DANGER INSTRUCTION

CHART

 Only qualified personnel familiar with proper voltage

equipment are to perform work described in this set

of instructions. Workers must understand the

hazards involved in working with or near electrical

circuits.

 Perform work only after reading and understanding all

of the installation instructions in this manual and the

manufacturer’s literature.

 Turn off all power-supplying equipment before

working on or inside equipment.

 Always use a properly rated voltage sensing device to

confirm that the power is off.

 Beware of potential hazards. Wear Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE) as required by NFPA-70E,

and take adequate safety precautions.

 Replace all devices, doors, and covers before turning

on the power to the equipment.

 All activities must be performed by qualified personnel

in accordance with local codes.

 Precautions for circuit breakers:

• The circuit breaker must be removed from its

compartment and isolated from the voltage.

• Control voltage must be in the open (O) position.

• The circuit breaker must be in the open (O)

position.

• All circuit breaker springs must be discharged.

 Handle equipment carefully and install, operate and

maintain it correctly in order for it to function

properly. Neglecting fundamental installation and

maintenance requirements may lead to personal

injury, as well as damage to electrical equipment or

other property.
162 163

Glossary

Cable brace – A steel cable designed for use as a

seismic sway brace for suspended equipment,

conduit, cable trays or raceways. Also see

Pre-stretched cable.

Cant strip – A material used to fill voids in roof

flashing.

Cantilevered – A support member connected at one

end and unsupported at the other end.

Cast-in-place – A steel shape embedded into

concrete.

Cast-in-place anchor – A headed steel bolt set

within a concrete form before concrete is poured.

Cold joint – An edge between two concrete

surfaces.

Construction documents – Drawings, specifications,

and manufacturer’s instructions (approved by the

appropriate design professional) that define the

scope of a project and provide detailed information

to seismically restrain the equipment, conduit, or

raceways. Also known as blue prints.

Counter flashing – A light-gauge sheet metal folded

support or equipment frame to shed water or snow

onto the roof.

Curb – Raised or enclosed framework that supports

equipment.

Cure – To gain internal strength over time to

withstand external forces.

Cure time – The total time it takes for the material

to be at an absolute full load capacity.

Design professional – The responsible party,

recognized by the authority having jurisdiction,

working within their scope of qualifications and

providing design services.

Differential movement – The movement between

two objects or surfaces.

D

GLOSSARY

Adhesive anchor – A smooth or deformed steel bar

or threaded rod, set in a predrilled hole in hardened

concrete or masonry (including masonry units and

mortar joints) that derives its holding strength from

a chemical bonding compound placed between the

wall of the hole and the embedded portion of the

anchor.

Anchor – A device for connecting equipment and

attachments to the building structure.

Attachments – Support systems used to connect

equipment, pipe, conduit, or ductwork to the

building.

Attachment type – Use of attachments to floors,

walls, roofs, ceilings, and vibration isolators.

Bar joist – Ceiling joists supporting intermediate

floors or roof made from steel angles and steel bars.

Base plate – A steel plate used for support and

anchorage of an angle support or vibration isolator.

Bed joint – A horizontal seam in a brick or concrete

block wall. Also see Head joint.

Bolt diameter – Thickness or width of the outside of

the threaded portion of the bolt.

Building structure – Steel, concrete, masonry and

wood members or surfaces that transfer the weight

of the building and equipment to the ground.

Bumpers – Angles or other steel shapes with

elastomeric padding rigidly mounted to the building

structure in a pattern around the equipment base to

limit horizontal movement.

Busbars – A conducting bar (usually made of copper)

that carries currents to various electric circuits.

Cabinet – An enclosure designed for surface

mounting or flush mounting that houses controls

and electrical components.

A

B

C
164 165

Flexible connector – A connector designed to allow

slight movement between a piece of equipment,

component, or system and another system in the

event of an earthquake.

Flexible mounted equipment – A piece of equipment

supported on or from a vibration isolator.

Gel time – A specified amount of time for an adhesive

to form a jelly-like substance with strength to hold its

own weight or the weight of a light steel anchor.

Grommet – A rubber or elastomeric bushing-shaped

ring that may be used in restrained springs,

snubbers, or with bolts to provide a cushioned or

flexible connection.

Hand tight – The force applied by hand or with hand

tools to bring two or more materials firmly in contact

without a space.

Head joint – A vertical joint between two concrete

blocks in a block wall or two bricks in a brick wall. Also

see Bed joint.

Headed stud – A large bolt with a threaded shaft and

a hexagonal-shaped bolt head typically used for

embedment into concrete surfaces or in-filled masonry

walls.

Height-saving bracket – A bracket used to

accommodate the height of spring isolators without

raising the equipment base more than a few inches.

Housed spring – A spring isolator with steel guides

usually separated by an elastomeric sheet located on

two opposite sides of the spring.

Housed spring isolator – A steel coil spring designed

to be loaded in compression along the axis of the

spring. Housed springs have a two-piece housing and

mounting stud for the purpose of leveling equipment.

The housing has limited lateral restraining capabilities

and cannot resist uplift.

Housekeeping pad – A concrete pad under

equipment that raises the elevation of the equipment

above the building structure or structural slab.

H

Glossary

G

Glossary

Edge distance – The distance between a concrete

anchor and the edge of a concrete surface or

concrete cold joint.

Elastomeric – A material with flexibility in all

directions that will return to its original shape if

removed from its environment.

Elastomeric mount – A molded one-piece mount

with surfaces designed to attach the equipment to

the structure without metal-to-metal contact.

Elastomeric pad – A resilient natural or synthetic

rubber-ike pad used to reduce sound, shock and

high frequency vibrations.

Embedded plate – A steel plate set into concrete to

permit a welded attachment.

Embedment – How far a post-installed anchor is

inserted into a hole in concrete or wood after the

anchor is set in place and torqued.

Embedment depth – See Embedment.

Enclosure – A case or housing to protect electrical

components.

Equipment – Any mechanical or electrical component.

Expansion anchor – A post-installed anchor that

uses some form of wedge or shell held against the

edge of a drilled hole with friction.

Ferrule – A small metal tube that can be crimped

around steel cables.

Fiberglass pad – A pad with a core of resilient

fiberglass material covered by a moisture resistent

resilient shell used to reduce sound, shock and high

frequency vibrations.

Fillet weld – A type of weld between two pieces of

steel where the welded surfaces are at right angles.

Flashing – Metal, asphalt, or elastomeric material

with one or more layers surrounding a roof

penetration specifically designed to weatherproof

the building.

F

E
166 167

Point load – Weight and seismic forces that are

focused to a single point connection to the building

structure.

Post and beam – An elevated structure usually made

from beams resting on posts or stanchions

connected to the building structure.

Post-installed anchor – Anchors installed after the

concrete has reached its specified strengh.

Post-tension (pre-stressed) building – A concrete

building structure surface with internal steel cables

that are stretched and restrained to permanently

compress the concrete surface.

Pre-manufactured curb – A sheet metal curb manufactured at a factory and sent to the job site.

Pre-manufactured vibration isolation curb – A

factory-built curb designed to attach equipment to a

roof and containing vibration isolators, which allow

for slight movement of the equipment.

Pre-stressed beam – A concrete beam bonded to

steel in tension in the form of a beam.

Pre-stretched cable – Cable that is stretched after it

is manufactured.

Raceway – A channel (conduit or open raceway)

designed to hold wires and cables or busbars.

Rated spring deflection – The dimension that a

spring will compress when the weight of equipment

is applied.

Rehabilitation – A new installation within an existing

facility.

Restrained elastomeric mount – An elastomeric

mount with an integrated seismic restraining mechanism that limits movement in all horizontal and

vertical directions.

Restrained spring – A vibration isolator containing a

spring enclosed in a welded or bolted steel housing

that limits movement of the spring equipment attachment in all directions.

R

Glossary Glossary

Inertia base – A heavily weighted base, usually

made of concrete, that weighs more than the

equipment it supports.

In-filled block – A concrete block wall whose cells

are reinforced with rebar and filled with a sand-grout

mixture.

Isolators – See Vibration isolators.

Leveling stanchions – See Stanchions.

Load path – Seismic support of equipment and

internal components that can be traced though

connections and support steel to the building

structure.

Load transfer angles – Angles bolted to equipment

and to the building structure, transferring the weight

and earthquake load through the angles to the

building structure.

Longitudinal brace – A brace that restrains pipes,

ducts, or raceways parallel to the longitudinal

direction of the pipe, duct run, or raceway.

Open spring – A spring isolator with a bolt

attachment at the top of the spring for connecting to

equipment without any horizontal support.

Open spring isolator– A steel coil spring designed to

be loaded in compression along the axis of the

spring. Open springs have a plate or cup on the

bottom and top with a mounting stud.

Oversized holes – Bolt holes greater than standard

bolt holes allowed by industry standards.

Pad-mounted – Equipment mounted on a concrete

structure not normally part of the building structure.

Plug weld – The weld of a plate or base plate to

another metal surface where a plate is perforated

with one or more holes, which are then filled with

the weld filler material.

O

P

I

L
168 169

Set time – The specific time required for material to

harden when a light load may be applied.

Shallow concrete anchor – Any anchor with an

embedment depth measuring less than 1/8th of its

diameter.

Sheet metal curb – A square or rectangular box

made from galvanized steel sheets used to connect

equipment to a roof.

Shim – A thin wedge of material used to fill a space.

Snubber – A seismic restraint device used on

isolated systems with an air gap and elastomeric

bushing or oil-filled hydraulic cylinder (shock

absorber) restricting the rapid motion of a pipe.

Snug tight – The force applied by hand or with hand

tools to bring two or more materials firmly in contact

with one another without a space.

Solid brace – A steel angle or strut channel

designed for use as a seismic sway brace for

suspended equipment, piping, ductwork, conduit,

cable trays, or raceways.

Spring-isolated – See Vibration-isolated.

Stanchions – Columns or short structural steel

shapes placed vertically that connect to equipment

bases or horizontal structural steel frames to

provide equipment support.

Structural steel shapes – A manufactured steel

component in a variety of shapes.

Strut – A manufactured steel shape in various

U-shaped patterns and sizes.

Strut frame – Steel framing made from strut

members that act as a support to transfer the

equipment weight to the building structure. See

Strut.

Sway brace – Solid braces or cable braces that

provide seismic restraint.

Glossary Glossary

Restrained spring isolator – A steel coil spring

designed to be loaded in compression along the axis

of the spring. Restrained springs have a housing

with integrated seismic restraining mechanisms, that

limit movement in all horizontal and vertical directions.

Rigid-mounted equipment – Equipment solidly

braced or bolted directly to the building structure

without vibration isolation.

Screen – A tube of steel wire mesh used as an

adhesive anchor for anchoring to block or brick walls.

Seismic cable – A galvanized steel or stainless steel

braided rope that is pre-stretched.

Seismic restraint device – An attachment device

designed to restrict movement of equipment during

an earthquake.

Seismic restraint submittals – Documents created

by contractors or vendors describing the means and

methods for installing seismic restraint devices and

submitted for design approval.

Seismic rod clamp – A clamping device for attaching

rod stiffeners to a vertical threaded rod.

Seismic separation joint – A space provided

between buildings or portions of a building to

prevent contact caused by differential movement

during an earthquake. For piping, ductwork and

conduits crossing the seismic joint, the systems are

connected with a flexible component that allows for

differential movement at least twice the width of the

seismic separation joint.

Self-drilling – A special type of concrete shell anchor

with cutting teeth for drilling into concrete.

Self-tapping – Either a sheet metal screw with

blades on the end (similar to a drill bit), allowing the

screw to drill a hole and embed itself into a steel

shape, or a concrete screw with a point and specially

designed threads allowing the screw to grip the

concrete and embed itself into the concrete.

S
170 171

INDEX

A

acceptable gap 110

anchor 104-132, 162

adhesive 104, 105-110, 117, 118, 151-153, 162

cast-in-place 72, 104, 111, 163

concrete bolt 104

concrete screw 114, 119

drywall 114-121

embedded plates 104

externally threaded 154-156

gap 110

general 104

internally threaded 157

lag bolts 104, 112-113, 114, 120

light-duty fastenings 158-159

masonry 104, 114-121

non-adhesive 104, 105-110

post-installed 73, 105

power-actuated 122, 151

sheet metal screw 114, 120

shell 104, 105-110

sizes for equipment less than 400 pounds 130-132

sleeve 104, 105-110, 114, 120

steel bolt 104, 123-127

through-bolt 75, 116

toggle bolt 114, 120

umbrella 114, 119

undercut 104

wedge 104, 114, 120

welding 128-129

anchor selection guide 151-159

angle 30-33, 35, 37-39, 43-44, 47, 49, 56-58, 60, 78-80,

83-84, 100, 110

attachment type 51-103, 162

rigid floor-mounted/pad-mounted 51-64

see also rigid floor-mounted/pad-mounted attachment

roof-mounted 65-70

see also roof-mounted attachment

suspended 71-86

see also suspended attachment

vibration-isolated/floor-mounted 87-97

see also vibration-isolated/floor-mounted attachment

wall-mounted 98-103

see also wall-mounted attachment

automatic transfer switches 4-5

Glossary

Tendons – Steel cables used in post-tension

buildings. Also see Post-tension building.

Thimble – A metal spacer used on a cable to protect

it from being bent and damaged.

Toe of the weld – The edge of a fillet weld.

Torque – A turning force around a bolt applied by

twisting a bolt head or nut so the components will

not separate.

Transverse brace – A brace that restrains pipes,

ducts, or raceways perpendicular to the longitudinal

direction.

Turn-of-nut method – A process to properly torque

a bolt without a special tool like a calibrated torque

wrench. See Hand tight and Snug tight.

Vibration-isolated – Allows flexible motion between

equipment, piping, ductwork, conduit, cable trays, or

raceways and the building structure.

Vibration isolators – Components containing

resilient elements such as steel springs, air springs,

molded pre-compressed fiberglass or elastomeric

pads used to separate vibrating equipment, piping

and ductwork from the building structure.

Web – A thin metal strip in a structural steel shape.

Weld base material – The material composition of

an item being welded.

WPS – Weld Procedure Specification is required for

all welding in accordance with American Welding

Society D1.1. The WPS defines the essential

variables and their limits for the weld and must be

in the vicinity where the weld is occurring.

T

V

W
172 173 E

elastomertic pads 96-97

electric unit heater 28-29

electric water heater attachment 101

electrical danger instruction chart 160

embedded plates 58, 104, 128, 163

embedment depth 107, 164

equipment 4-29, 164

automatic transfer switches 4-5

battery racks 26-27

control panels 6-7

generators 8-9

less than 400 pounds, anchor sizes for 130-131

lighting 10-11

load centers 12-13

low voltage: substations, capacitor banks,

switchboards, and switchgears 14-15

medium to high voltage: switchgears,

circuit interrupters, substation circuit

breakers, and walk-in enclosures 16-17

meters and disconnects 18-19

motor control centers and variable frequency drives 20-21

mutli-media racks 22-23

panelboards 12-13

setting/moving in place 54, 59, 64

transformers 24-25

typical 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29

type of installation 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23,

25, 27, 29

uninterruptable power supplies 26-27

unit heaters and tanks 28-29

F

ferrule clamps 135-136, 164

flashing 65, 67, 68, 70, 164

floor-mounted

anchor sizes for 130

attachments see rigid floor-mounted/pad-mounted

attachments

automatic transfer switches 4-5

capacitor bank 14-15

circuit interrupter 16-17

computer rack 22-23

control panels 6-7

equipment rack 22-23

generators 8-9

low voltage switchboard 14-15

media equipment 22-23

meter center 18-19

motor control center 20-21

Index Index B

bar joist 74, 77, 162

base

inertia, concrete-filled 94, 96, 165

plate 31, 35, 162

round 58

battery racks 26-27

block walls 115

brace 32-33, 43-45, 47, 49, 100, 162

bracket 32, 81, 94, 98, 110

bumpers 89, 162

bypass-isolation switch 4 C

cable 38, 41, 45, 49, 63, 71-78, 162

attach using 38, 41, 45, 49, 63, 71, 76-78, 81,

83-85, 133-138

bolts with center holes 134-135

ferrule clamps 135-136

wire rope grips 137-138

cable trays 30-50 see also raceways

capacitor banks 14

cast-in-place anchors 72

bolting equipment to 111

chain 86

circuit interrupters 16

clamp 32-33, 43-45

clevis hanger 36-42

concrete

bolt 104

drilling 107

joint 60

pouring 54, 147

screw 114, 119

slab 73

conduit 30-50 see also raceways

control panels 139-143

curb 15

isolation 166

curing 109, 163 D

disconnects 18-19

dowel 146

drywall anchor 114-121
174 175 O

oversized hole, repairing 54 P

pads 89

pad-mounted see also rigid floor-mounted/pad-mounted

attachment

generator 8-9

substation 16-17, 24-25

transformer 24-25

panelboard 12-13

plate 38, 84, 128-129

post and beam 65-67, 167 R

raceways 30-50

supported from the floor 31-34

supported from the wall 34-35

suspended using clevis hanger braced

at the restraining bolt 36-38

suspended using clevis hanger braced

at the hanger rod 39-40

suspended using clevis hanger and

4-way cable brace 41-42

suspended using pipe clamps 43-46

suspended with a trapeze support system 47-49

crossing seismic joints 50

raised floor 61-64, 167

rebar 107

repair oversized holes 54

rigid floor-mounted/pad-mounted attachment

anchors sizes for 130

beneath a raised floor 61-64

directly to the floor/pad 51-55

using additional structural steel shapes 55-59

using bumpers to restrict horizontal movement 60-61

rods 36-40, 43-49, 71-81, 83-85, 125-127

roof -mounted attachment

anchor sizes for 130-131

to a wood frame 68

using leveling stanchions—post and beam 65-67

using restrained springs on leveling stanchions 69-70

rubber mounts 89

Index Index

floor-mounted continued

open multi-media rack 22-23

panelboard 13-14

substation 14-17, 24-25

switchgear 14-17

transformer, dry-type 24-25

uninterruptable power supply 26-27

unit heaters and tanks 28-29

flush-mounted

control panel 6

light 10

load center 12

frame 53, 81 G

gap see acceptable gap

generators 8

grouted plate 110 H

head joint 165

hole

cleaning 108

clearance 112

depth 107

drilling 106

lead 112

oversized, repair of 54

housekeeping pad 144-147, 165 L

lag bolts 104, 112-113, 114, 120

lighting 10-11

load centers 12-13

low voltage: substations, capacitor banks,

switchboards, and switchgears 14-15

M

masonry and drywall anchors 104, 114-121

medium to high voltage: switchgears,

circuit interrupters, substation circuit

breakers, and walk-in enclosures 16-17

meters 18-19

motor control center 20-21

multi-media racks 22-23
176 177

T

t-bar ceilings 149-150

tanks 28-29

tendons 30, 169

thimble 137, 169

torque 43-45, 61, 138, 169

transformers 24-25

transverse supports 30, 32, 33, 37, 39, 43, 47

trapeze support 47-48

turn-of-nut method 124, 169

U

uninterruptable power supplies 26-27

unit heaters 28-29

V

variable frequency drives 20-21

vibration-isolated/floor-mounted attachment

on elastomeric pads with isolated anchors 96097

on open isolators combined with snubbers 94-97

on restrained isolators 90-93

vibration isolators 87-97, 102-103

W

walk-in enclosures 14

wall-mounted attachment

directly to the wall 98-99

to additional structural shapes 100-102

vibration-isolated 102-103

webs 169

weld 45, 55, 57, 59, 65-66, 70, 92, 93, 100, 128-129, 169

wire rope grips 137-138

wood beam 73

wood frame 68

Z

“Z” bar 146

Index Index

S

safety switches 18

screen insert 117-118

seismic

cable 83, 84

joint 50

sheet steel 52

snubbers 88, 94-97, 168

special cases

cables 133-139

control panels 139-143

housekeeping pads 144-147

lighting 148-150

spring

housed 87, 165

isolator 82, 83, 90-97

open 87, 94-97

restrained 69-70, 88, 90-93, 103, 167

stanchion 65-67, 69-70

steel beam 53

steel bolt connections

bolted to a concrete floor 51-55, 123-124

bolting two structural shapes together 125

bolting a threaded rod to steel shapes or strut 55 ,59,

100, 125-127

steel shape 100-102, 128

strap 33-35

structural framing 53, 100-102

strut 30-33, 35, 37-39, 43-47, 49, 78-80, 168

substations 14, 16

suspended attachment

anchor sizes for 131-132

chain mounted 86

double rod attachment—bolted to the building 84-85

isolated using threaded rods and horizontal

cable supports 81-83

rigid using 4 threaded rods with horizontal

cable supports 71-78

rigid using angle/strut supports 78-80

switchboards 14

switchgears 15, 16